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1,508,775	Alberto Fujimori became the President of which South American country in 1990?	Alberto Fujimori - Rise and Fall El Sendero Luminoso and El Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru Peruvian Terrorism When Fujimori become president in 1990 Peru was facing catastrophe. The economy was in the grip of hyperinflation but, even more seriously, in the countryside a bloody civil war was raging between the army and the guerrilla movement, el Sendero Luminoso or the Shining Path, which controlled about a third of the country. Abimael Guzmán, a philosophy lecturer in the University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga, in Ayacucho, founded the Shining Path in 1970 as a Maoist breakaway movement from the pro-Russian Peruvian Communist Party. Poverty and injustice made Ayacucho a fertile breeding ground for the movement which started a campaign armed insurrection in 1980. By the middle of the decade several thousand guerrillas were operating in rural areas and by late 80s urban terrorism was also a problem. Sendero Luminoso was not the only terrorist movement. The other was the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru, generally known by its initials, MRTA, or as Túpac Amaru which was the name of the last Inca ruler who was assassinated by the Spaniards in 1572. Almost two centuries later, Tupac Amaru's great-grandson, José Gabriel Condorcanqui, better known as Tupac Amaru II, led a new uprising against Spanish rule but his rebellion was crushed and he was captured and, after being tortured, was executed in the main plaza in Cusco in 1781. The MRTA, which was smaller and less extreme than Sendero Luminoso, started its guerrilla campaign in 1984. In February 1989 the MRTA suffered a setback when its leader, Victor Polay, was captured but on July 8, 1990, less than three weeks before Fujimori became president, 47 MRTA members, including Polay, escaped from Canto Grande prison via a 332 metre tunnel. Che Guevara in Peru In 1951-52 Che Guevara and his doctor friend Alberto Granado undertook a journey by motor bike from Argentina through Chile and Peru to Venezuela. It was in Peru that Guevara came in close contact with South America's Indian masses for the first time. In his diary he noted the words of a school teacher in Puno with whom he made friends. "The present system of education ... on the rare occasions it does offer indians an education, ... only fills them with shame and resentment, leaving them unable to help their fellow indians and at a tremendous disadvantage in a white society which is hostile to them and doesn't want to accept them." "The fate of these unhappy people is to vegetate in some obscure bureaucratic job and die hoping that, thanks to the miraculous power of the drop of Spanish blood in their veins, one or other of their children will somehow achieve the goal to which they aspire until the end of their days." No doubt the experiences he gained on his epic motor bike trip played an important part in the formation of Che Guevara's political outlook. What he said about the native people of Peru could also be said of those in Bolivia where, 14 years later, Guevara tried to organise a revolution like the one he had helped Fidel Castro to lead in Cuba. However he was captured in 1967 and executed on the order of President Barrientos. Despite the failure of his campaign Bolivia, Che Guevara's words and deeds were to inspire the MRTA in Peru. At first Fernando Belaúnde did not take the terrorist threat very seriously but in December 1982 he authorised the intervention of the armed forces in the counterinsurgency struggle. Atrocities were committed by both the terrorists,	FW DE KLERK - QUOTES AND BOOKINGS - MOTIVATIONAL AND KEYNOTE SPEAKER - CAPE TOWN Motivational and Keynote Speaker - Cape Town Frederik Willem de Klerk (born 18 March 1936), often known as F. W. de Klerk, is the former seventh and last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. De Klerk was also leader of the National Party (which later became the New National Party) from February 1989 to September 1997. De Klerk is best known for engineering the end of apartheid, South Africa's racial segregation policy, and supporting the transformation of South Africa into a multi-racial democracy by entering into the negotiations that resulted in all citizens, including the country's black majority, having equal voting and other rights. He won Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize in 1991, Prince of Asturias Awards in 1992 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 along with Nelson Mandela for his role in the ending of apartheid. FW de Klerk was one of the main architects of South Africa's constitutional democracy. During his presidency (1989-1994) he played a central role in initiating and managing the transformation process that helped to resolve centuries of inter-community conflict and create a basis for peace between South Africa’s many and varied communities. Frederik Willem de Klerk was born in Johannesburg on 18 March 1936, the son of Senator Jan De Klerk, a senior Cabinet Minister. His school years were spent mainly in Krugersdorp, where he matriculated at Monument High School. He attended the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education and graduated in 1958 with BA and LLB degrees (cum laude). During his university years he was actively involved in student affairs. Mr De Klerk was elected leader of the National Party in the Transvaal in March 1982 and leader of the National Party on 2 February 1989. On 15 August 1989, after the resignation of President P W Botha, Mr De Klerk became Acting State President, and after the general election of 6 September, was inaugurated as State President on 20 September 1989. Mr De Klerk served as State President until President Nelson Mandela’s inauguration on 10 May 1994. During this period he initiated and presided over the inclusive negotiations that led to the dismantling of apartheid and the adoption of South Africa’s first fully democratic constitution in December 1993. After leading the National Party to the second place in South Africa’s first fully representative general election of 27 April 1994, Mr De Klerk was inaugurated as one of South Africa’s two Executive Deputy Presidents. He held this post until June 1996 when his Party withdrew from the Government of National Unity. From then until his retirement from active politics on 9 September 1997, Mr De Klerk was the Leader of the Official Opposition. In January 2000 Mr De Klerk published his autobiography 'The Last Trek – a New Beginning' and the same year established the FW de Klerk Foundation. He makes numerous speeches around the world and actively participates as an elder statesman in international conferences on the promotion of harmonious relations in multi-communal societies, the future of Africa and South Africa and the challenges facing the world during the new millennium.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,776	September 29th is a Quarter Day in the legal calendar when, traditionally, rents were due and magistrates were chosen; what is the name applied to this day?	AAA October 2010 newsletter October 2010 Newsletter It's October - Autumn real! And time for another AAA Newsletter! If you weren't convinced last month you will be this month - especially when the clocks go back in a week or so. Time to get a lot of things done before it gets too miserable - this is definitely NOT the month to sit back and think "I'm finished for the season". But look on the bright side - you can still tit-bit off the raspberry bushes whilst going about your chores on the plot and there's always the seed catalogues in the evening - to keep you wishing and planning for next year! Don't forget that if you order from Thompson & Morgan OFF OUR WEB-SITE then it earns the AAA a small commission. Our Newsletter is longer than usual this month - perhaps it reflects the change of growing season mood, with more time to do things other than dig around in the soil as the nights get longer as the dark comes along much earlier! Still Cropping? Hard to believe isn't it? ANOTHER month has gone by - I don't know if it's me, but that last one seemed to REALLY fly past me! Not quite in the glut groove of last month are we? It's REALLY starting to slow down, and the produce seems to have got tired and tougher - especially the Runner Beans - they're starting to look sad. I think most of our plot-holders are quite pleased with their beans this year. The weather has suited them - warm but not so hot as to cause bloom drop where the flowers drop off in hot weather - before the small beans start to form. And it's also been quite WET. Wet and warm suits runner beans and they've cropped their socks off on my plot. It's also just right for a few nasties, hence another good year for Blight Spores and YES it struck Cae Ffynnon Wï¿½n again this year, but quite late, so the damage should be relatively limited. I cut my haulms down to ground level as soon as I noticed it had struck and with the exception of a couple of tubers here and there (mostly Pink Fir Apple - they're particularly susceptible to blight anyway) it only seems to have attacked the leaves. On the runner bean front I did a little comparison trial of my own this year using my old favourite Armstrong and a variety I hadn't tried before - White Lady. As the name suggests a white flowering, mid green podded variety that's advertised as a heavy stringless cropper. The Armstrong was out of the blocks like the proverbial hare before White Lady had woken up properly! At first glance I thought it would be no competition, but White Lady - like the tortoise just quietly kept going and by the end of the season it will have just pipped Armstrong in "height" and "abundance of pods" departments. However the Armstrong pods are much longer and bigger (giving away it's "Enorma" heritage which in turn came from the world famous Stenner - THE show bench variety bred by Brython Stenner down in Penrhiwceiber - more about Brython in a future Newsletter perhaps) and amazingly it has a lot less strings than White Lady. Both are supposed to be stringless, but "stringless" is a by-word for "less stringy" than the old varieties, which were fine when picked young enough anyway - remember the old favourite - Scarlet Emperor? It could resemble eating a herring after it got to a certain age! Armstrong IS stringless - regardless of how big or old it gets. White Lady is stringless to a point but I wouldn't say it was completely stringless. On the taste front? White Lady is nice but as I've found over the years, Armstrong blows away most of the competition in the Taste Department! Next year I'll put Armstrong up against something else and see how it fares - I'm eyeing up St. George a RHS winner - a descendant of the old Victorian heritage variety "Painted Lady". But for this year Armstrong is still the champ on my little lottie! We'll see how it fares against the competition come next season	On This Day halfaperson wrote: Quote: 1986 The 'Hand of God' football match. England were beaten 2-1 by Argentina in the quarter-finals of the World Cup in Mexico. Both Argentine goals were scored by Diego Maradona - the first with the deliberate use of his hand which went unseen by the referee. It was the first match between the two countries since the Falklands War in 1982. Cheating bastard - I don't care how good a player he was, he'll always be remember for being a cheat. Chuff me that was 22 years ago and it seems like last year. That was a sunday night as well wasnt it? Remember it clear as a bell. Actually watched it in a pub that is now my local. Absolutely fuming. Then he goes and scores that brilliant goal. I know he was a cheating pillock ravey but hes still one of the greates players ever. Ive read a couple of books, one by him (ghost written) and one by a an English fella. He sounds an utter shyster to boot. Even in his own words he comes across as a jumped up self important tosser who his own team mates generally despised. Aye, 22 years ago - what a pair of old gits we are. And to think there are people at work who weren't even born then who think they can tell me what to do... Not denying he was a great player, just saying that despite that he'll be remembered as a cheat. A cocaine snorting cheat as well!! raveydavey June 23rd: 1683 William Penn, the English Quaker, signed a treaty with the Indian chiefs of the Lenni Lenade Tribe in an attempt to ensure peace in his new American colony, Pennsylvania. 1757 British troops, commanded by Robert Clive (the legendary Clive of India), won the Battle of Plassey in Bengal - laying the foundations of the British Empire in India. 1894 Birth of Edward, Duke of Windsor who was King Edward VIII from 20th January to 10th December 1936 before abdicating to marry twice-divorced Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson. 1916: Sir Len Hutton, one of the all-time great England cricketers, was born. He was the first professional captain of the England Test side and his innings of 364 against Australia at The Oval in 1938 stood as a Test record for nearly 20 years. He died in 1990 aged 74. 1939 The Government of Eire declared membership of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) to be illegal. 1940 The BBCï¿½s Music While You Work programme was first broadcast on radio to brighten up the lives of munitions workers doing boring factory jobs. 1951 Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean, missing diplomats, fled to the USSR as Russian spies before the British authorities had the opportunity to arrest them for spying. They 'surfaced' in Moscow in 1956. 1970 The worldï¿½s first all-metal liner, Brunelï¿½s 'Great Britain' returned to Bristol from the Falkland Islands where it had lain rusting since 1886. How well engineered is that? Left rusting for nearly 100 years and still in good enough condition to be towed nearly the full length of the Atlantic! Brunel was a bloody genius. More here: http://www.ssgreatbritain.org/Home.aspx 1985 A passenger jet disintegrated in mid-air off the coast of Ireland, killing all 329 people on board. 1986 Brighton bomber Patrick Magee, found guilty of planting the bomb at the Grand Hotel, Brighton during the Conservative Party Conference in 1983, was jailed for a minimum of 35 years. 1989 The Home secretary announced that the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad had been disbanded in the wake of allegations of malpractice. 1994 It was announced that the Royal Yacht Britannia would be sold or scrapped. 1997 Diana, Princess of Wales apologized for taking her two sons, Princes William and Harry, to see the 15 certificated film The Devil's Own, about an IRA assassin. raveydavey June 24th: 1314 Robert the Bruce defeated Edward II at Bannockburn and so completed his expulsion of the English from Scotland. 1509 Henry VIII's coronation took place. 1559 The Elizabethan Prayer Book was first used. 1717 The Grand Lodge of the English Freemasons was founded in London. 1825 William Henry Smith, English newsagent and bookseller, born. 1850 The birth of Horatio Herbert, Earl Kitchener, British fiel	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,777	Which painter, who was born in Paris, France in 1848 and died in 1903 at Atuona, Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, had lived at various times in Lima (Peru), Orlans (France), Copenhagen (Denmark), Panama, Saint Pierre (Martinique), Pont-Aven (France), Arles (France), Mataiea Village (Tahiti), Punaauia (Tahiti)?	Paul Gauguin on ArtStack - art online Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin ( /ɡoʊˈɡæn/ ; French: [øʒɛn ɑ̃ʁi pɔl ɡoɡɛ̃] ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French post-Impressionist artist. Underappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of color and synthetist style that were distinctly different from Impressionism . His work was influential to the French avant-garde and many modern artists, such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse . Gauguin's art became popular after his death, partially from the efforts of art dealer Ambroise Vollard , who organized exhibitions of his work late in his career, as well as assisting in organizing two important posthumous exhibitions in Paris. [1] [2] Many of his paintings were in the possession of Russian collector Sergei Shchukin [3] and other important collections. He was an important figure in the Symbolist movement as a painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, and writer. His bold experimentation with color led directly to the Synthetist style of modern art , while his expression of the inherent meaning of the subjects in his paintings, under the influence of the cloisonnist style , paved the way to Primitivism and the return to the pastoral . He was also an influential proponent of wood engraving and woodcuts as art forms. [4] [5] Contents Family History and Early life[ edit ] Aline Marie Chazal Tristán, (1825-1867) "The Artist's Mother", 1889, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart . Gauguin's maternal grandmother, Flora Tristan (1803-1844) in 1838 Gauguin was born in Paris, France to Clovis Gauguin and Alina Maria Chazal on June 7, 1848. His birth coincided with revolutionary upheavals throughout Europe that year. His father, a 34-year-old liberal journalist came from a family of petit-bourgeoisie entrepreneurs residing in Orléans. [6] He was compelled to flee France when the newspaper for which he wrote was suppressed by French authorities. [7] Gauguin's mother, the 22-year-old Aline Marie Chazal, was the daughter of Andre Chazal, an engraver, and Flora Tristan, an author and activist in early socialist movements. Their union ended when Andre assaulted his wife Flora and was sentenced to prison for attempted murder. [8] Paul Gauguin's maternal grandmother, Flora Tristan, was the illegitimate daughter of Thérèse Laisnay and Don Mariano de Tristan Moscoso. Details of Thérèse's family background are not known; her father, Don Mariano, was a Spanish nobleman and an officer of the Dragoons. [9] Members of the wealthy Tristan Moscoso family held powerful positions in Peru. [10] Nonetheless, Don Mariano's unexpected death plunged his mistress and daughter Flora into poverty. [11] When Flora's marriage with Andre failed, she petitioned for and obtained a small monetary settlement from her father's Peruvian relatives. She sailed to Peru in hopes of enlarging her share of the Tristan Moscoso family fortune. This never materialized; but she successfully published a popular travelogue of her experiences in Peru which launched her literary career in 1838. An active supporter of early socialist societies, Gauguin's maternal grandmother helped to lay the foundations for the 1848 revolutionary movements. Placed under surveillance by French police and suffering from overwork, she died in 1844. [12] Her grandson Paul "idolized his grandmother, and kept copies of her books with him to the end of his life." [13] In 1850, Clovis Gauguin departed for Peru with his wife Alina and young children in hopes of continuing his journalistic career under the auspices of his wife's South American relations. [14] He died of a heart attack en route, and Alina arrived in Peru a widow with the 18-month-old Paul and his 2 ½ year-old sister, Marie. Gauguin's mother was welcomed by her paternal granduncle, whose son-in-law would shortly assume the presidency of Peru. [15] To the age of six, Paul enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attended by nursemaids and servants. He retained a vivid memory of that period of his childhood which instilled "indelible impressions of Peru that haunted him the rest of his lif	Whistler and Music—Ieva Jokubaviciute, piano \| Podcasts \| Freer and Sackler Galleries Whistler and Music—Ieva Jokubaviciute, piano This concert, by the young Lithuanian-born pianist Ieva Jokubaviciute, was recorded as part of the Bill and Mary Meyer Concert Series at the Freer Gallery of Art on March 4, 2004. PROGRAM Preludes, Book I (1904–1910) Les sons et les parfums tournent dans l'air du soir La fille aux cheveax de lin Des pas sur la neige L'Île Joyheuse Nocturne in E-flat Minor, op. 55, no. 2 (1842–44) Nocturne in C Minor, op. 48, no. 1 (1841) Ballade no. 3 in A-flat Major, op. 47 (1841) NOTES ON THE PROGRAM Whistler and Music "Nature contains the elements, in color and form, of all pictures, as the keyboard contains the notes of all music." —James McNeill Whistler, "Ten O'Clock Lecture" February 20, 1885 American expatriate painter, printmaker, and polemicist James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903) is occasionally described as an impressionist, a term applied not only to a group of nineteenth-century painters but also to "painterly" French music of the time. Whistler was friendly with several of the impressionist painters and sometimes exhibited with them, but he did not ally himself with the group and sometimes scoffed at the term. Although Whistler shared the impressionists' interest in depicting urban settings, he differed sharply from the group in his aesthetic philosophy and move toward abstraction. Whistler used musical terms in his paintings' titles: symphonies, arrangements, harmonies, nocturnes. According to his friend and fellow artist Mortimer Menpes, however, Whistler "had no sense of music, absolutely none." Whistler himself stated that "it is an accident that I happened upon terms used in music." He was, though, familiar with philosophical arguments maintaining that music was the highest art form, since it escaped the concrete imagery produced by language. By appropriating music, Whistler suggested that the people, places, and things in his paintings were unimportant accidents. The only part that really mattered was the effectiveness with which he organized color and line into a harmonious and therefore beautiful whole. Whistler fully embraced the idea of "art for art's sake." He thought that art should "stand alone, and appeal to the artistic sense of eye or ear, without confounding this with emotions entirely foreign to it." Formal considerations were more important than narrative content; Whistler wanted his public to attend to the painting itself. His abstract musical titles helped him achieve this aesthetic focus and satisfy his provocative nature. Although Whistler was not musical himself, he was surrounded by music from an early age. His sister, Deborah Whistler Haden, is said to have studied with Clara Schumann; in one of Whistler's most important early paintings, At the Piano (1859, Taft Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio), he shows his sister seated at the piano in her London home. And in the 1890s Whistler was an important member of the French symbolist poet Stéphane Mallarmé's "Tuesdays," weekly gatherings in Paris where he was in contact with Claude Debussy. —Kenneth Myers Debussy's Preludes Of all the composers whose work was performed in this concert (including Franz Schubert and Gabriel Fauré, who are not featured in the podcast), Claude Debussy (1862–1918) is the only one to have had firsthand knowledge of Whistler's art. Both Debussy and Whistler frequented the poet Stéphane Mallarmé's Tuesday-evening gatherings in Paris. A great admirer of Whistler's work, Debussy was said to have owned some of the artist's prints, and was even dubbed by the symbolist group as "the Whistler of music." After traveling to London to see an exhibition that included several of Whistler's nocturnes, Debussy immediately set to work on three nocturnes for solo violin and orchestra. In 1894 Debussy wrote the following, in true Whistlerian vocabulary, to violinist Eugene Ysaÿe about the work, which he eventually abandoned: "It is rather an exploration of the different arrangements which color can produc	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,778	Which pirate’s ship was called Queen Anne’s Revenge?	Blackbeard's Queen Anne's Revenge wreck reveals secrets of the real Pirate of the Caribbean - Telegraph USA Blackbeard's Queen Anne's Revenge wreck reveals secrets of the real Pirate of the Caribbean Divers exploring the wreck of Blackbeard’s flagship Queen Anne's Revenge are bringing to the surface new evidence of the terrifying tactics used by the pirate. Follow He was a real-life pirate of the Caribbean, who carefully cultivated a bloodthirsty reputation that struck fear through seafarers. Now, almost 300 years after Blackbeard's death, marine archaeologists have discovered a huge anchor and an arsenal of "improvised" ammunition from the wreck of his flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge. New evidence about the terrifying and deadly tactics employed by Blackbeard is emerging from the diving expedition on the vessel’s presumed remains. The divers have discovered that weapons used by the pirate were not only intended to kill but were designed to strike terror into survivors and force them into a swift surrender. The shipwreck lies in about 25ft of water just off the coast of the American state of North Carolina and the expedition to recover artefacts is being led by the state’s Department of Cultural Resources. During the two-week exploration, the team aimed to recover a 1.4 ton (3,000lb) anchor from the ship, which they have now successfully raised. Related Articles Looters plunder wrecks in the 'graveyard' of the Atlantic 02 Aug 2008 They are also searching for three large “artefact conglomerates” – or “clusters” of metallic objects – which, as they have deteriorated, have stuck together. Once on the surface, the items can be separated up into their constituent parts and identified. The “conglomerates” – which cover areas of up to a metre and a half by a metre square of the sea bed – are thought to contain an unusual assortment of “improvised” missiles and weaponry used by the pirate to inflict both terror and casualties on enemy ships. On earlier dives, the researchers have found evidence of a range of “makeshift” devices, such as canvas bags filled with a lethal mass of lead shot, nails, spikes and glass and then fired from the cannon, pouring a deadly hail of projectiles onto opponents. This type of bundled ammunition was known as “langrage” and was not used by Royal Navy ships, according to 18th-century documents. The ship’s unusual arsenal already identified also includes nine-inch bolts, which were pushed down in the barrels of cannons and would by fired out by a cannonball loaded behind them, as well as “double-headed” cannonballs – where two are linked together by a bar or chain – and which produced a spinning effect when fired from cannon and were effective at bringing down rigging. The researchers’ bid to bring the ordnance to the surface comes as Blackbeard himself is resurrected in the new film Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides , which was released earlier this month. His ship is also depicted in the new film, in which the pirate is portrayed by British actor Ian McShane, while his fictional daughter, Angelica, is played by Penelope Cruz. The leader of the expedition and deputy state archaeologist, Dr Mark Wilde-Ramsing, said: “This vessel is heavily armed but the crew are not using that many cannonballs. Mostly, they seem to have used these improvised missiles that can be used to take out the crew or disarm the other ship’s sails. “These weapons would terrorise the enemy. It is all part of Blackbeard’s terror tactics. These are the sorts of things we hope we can find in these conglomerates. I think we will see more contrivances like that which will shed light on the kind of person he was.” Angus Konstam, author of Piracy: The Complete History, said: “The improvised charges show a lot of ingenuity on the part of the pirates. These would have been anti-personal charges. They wouldn’t do much damage to a ship but would do a lot of damage to people in it. Their aim was to capture a ship by intimidation and leave it in pristine condition. They didn’t want to damage the ship or its cargo.” During the e	So THIS is why Henry VIII called wife No.4 the Flanders Mare! Anne of Cleves is an upside down image of the king in portraits \| Daily Mail Online So THIS is why Henry VIII called wife No.4 the Flanders Mare! Anne of Cleves is an upside down image of the king in portraits From the look on his face, Henry VIII is certainly upset about something. Turn the portrait upside down and you will see what’s on his mind. Hidden in the king’s features is none other than Anne of Cleves – the bride he considered so ugly that he never consummated their marriage. Upside down: Henry in the inverted picture and Whistler's Anne of Cleves portrait The double portrait from the 1940s is the work of artist Rex Whistler and is to be revealed on tomorrow’s episode of Antiques Roadshow. Show expert Rupert Maas said: ‘It’s just great fun. Anne wasn’t a very attractive woman according to popular history – although I’m not sure she was quite as hideous as this.’ Anne was the fourth of Henry’s six wives, sent over from Germany after he saw a flattering portrait by Holbein. On arrival, he called her the ‘Flanders Mare’. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share They divorced six months after marrying in 1540. He married twice more while she remained in England and was given a generous settlement. Henry and Anne are one of many double-acts Whistler made into reversible portraits. Mr Maas said: ‘Whistler preferred the old masters to modernism, which is why he drew and painted in an old-fashioned style.’ A bit more flattering: The Hans Holbein portraits of the couple from 1539 The artist, who died in 1944, gave the portrait to the current owner when she was seven after she sat for him. The Roadshow programme from Enniskillen, Northern Ireland will be shown on BBC1 tomorrow at 8pm.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,779	In cooking, what is the main ingredient of a pongal dish?	How to Cook Pongal: 9 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow Wash rice and dal together and drain well. 3 In the rice cooker , heat 1 tablespoon (14.8 ml) of ghee. 4 Add rice, dal and fry until the ghee coats the mixture. 5 Add the rest of ingredients, except for the cashews. 6 Add water cover and cook. 7 Keep testing the water level and stir frequently, as it has a tendency to stick to the bottom. 8 Mash rice and dal mixture once cooked. 9	BBC - Food - Recipes from Programmes : Sweet Baby James James Martin shares his love of puddings with the nation Quick recipe finder Type the ingredients you want to use, then click Go. For better results you can use quotation marks around phrases (e.g. "chicken breast"). Alternatively you can search by chef, programme, cuisine, diet, or dish (e.g. Lasagne). Type ingredients, chef or programme Quick & Easy	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,780	The name of which classic film (starring Audrey Hepburn) was also the title of a 1996 hit record for the group 'Deep Blue Something'?	Ten Songs Inspired by Movies :: Music :: Lists :: Paste Ten Songs Inspired by Movies By Gage Henry \| October 24, 2009 \| 7:00am 1. "Like Lazenby" by Sondre Lerche On his latest album, Hearbeat Radio, Norwegian orchestral popster Sondre Lerche showcases his James Bond knowledge by comparing his best efforts to the talents of actor George Lazenby, the forgotten one-and-done of 007's long legacy. Lazenby played Bond in the 1969 film, On Her Majesty's Secret Service, but apparently his believability only went as far as his physical stature. He never returned to the role. 2. "Mrs. Potter's Lullaby" by Counting Crows Adam Duritz' lengthy and clangy lullaby features a mysterious "Mrs. Potter," who is thought to be actress Monica Potter. The story goes that Duritz was smitten by her after seeing one of her films. The track was released in 1999 on the Crows' third record, This Desert Life. Around this time, Potter's more popular roles were in Con Air and Patch Adams. 3. "All Over Now" by Eric Hutchinson This number sprouted from one of Hutchinson's favorites, Groundhog Day . There are bits and pieces in the lyrics that pay homage to the Bill Murray classic, the most prominent being the motif of a worn down, monotonous state. 4. "Inaudible Melodies" by Jack Johnson Ultra-chill singer-songwriter/filmmaker/surfer Jack Johnson drew from his early days in film school for the first song on his debut, Brushfire Fairytales. After studying the predicament of Bruce Lee's unfilmably fast kung-fu moves in class, Johnson penned the lyric, "Slow down Bruce, you're moving too fast, frames can't catch you when you're moving like that." After a little tweaking, these words now serve as the chorus to "Inaudible Melodies." 5. "Sink Hole" by Drive-By Truckers Ray McKinnon's critically lauded short film The Accountant was what put the pen to paper for Patterson Hood and Jason Isbell. The movie is a dark comedy about a super-mathematically skilled accountant who tries to save a family farm. It went on to win the 2002 Academy Award for Best Feature Short. Drive-By Truckers recorded the track live and in one take during their first day in the studio. 6. "Carlotta Valdez" by Harvey Danger Harvey Danger's choppy guitar licks were the highlight of the band's 1997 debut record, Where Have All the Merrymakers Gone? "Carlotta Valdez" is the opening track, the lyrics of which double as a plot summary for Alfred Hitchcock 's 1958 psycho-thriller Vertigo. 7. "Breakfast at Tiffany's" by Deep Blue Something The film reference here isn't quite as obvious as you might at first think. Todd Pipes' 1996 song originally sparked from watching Roman Holiday, the 1953 romantic comedy starring Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck. Pipes instead chose to reference another Hepburn classic. It just had the perfect syllable count. 8. "Clark Gable" by The Postal Service From Ben Gibbard 's 2003 collaboration, this song has more to do with his own home-movie making rather than anything Gable starred in, but the song undeniably points to the actor's Gone with the Wind era. 9. "Blue Magic" by Jay Z This song is from Jay Z's 2007 concept album, American Gangster. Among other things, the record was inspired by Denzel Washington and Russel Crowe's film, which shares the same name and also debuted the same year. 10. "Bad Moon Rising" by Creedence Clearwater Revival John Fogerty told Rolling Stone (in issue 649) that the 1941 film, The Devil and Daniel Webster, inspired his 1969 hit, first released on the album Green River. A town is decimated by a hurricane in the movie, which is what spurred Fogerty's line, "I hear hurricanes ablowing, I know the end is coming soon."	2006 Academy Awards® Winners and History Monster House (2006) Actor: FOREST WHITAKER in "The Last King of Scotland," Leonardo DiCaprio in "Blood Diamond," Ryan Gosling in "Half Nelson," Peter O'Toole in "Venus," Will Smith in "The Pursuit of Happyness" Actress: HELEN MIRREN in "The Queen," Penelope Cruz in "Volver," Judi Dench in "Notes on a Scandal," Meryl Streep in "The Devil Wears Prada," Kate Winslet in "Little Children" Supporting Actor: ALAN ARKIN in "Little Miss Sunshine," Jackie Earle Haley in "Little Children," Djimon Honsou in "Blood Diamond," Eddie Murphy in "Dreamgirls," Mark Wahlberg in "The Departed" Supporting Actress: JENNIFER HUDSON in "Dreamgirls," Adriana Barraza in "Babel," Cate Blanchett in "Notes on a Scandal," Abigail Breslin in "Little Miss Sunshine," Rinko Kikuchi in "Babel" Director: MARTIN SCORSESE for "The Departed," Clint Eastwood for "Letters From Iwo Jima," Stephen Frears for "The Queen," Paul Greengrass for "United 93," Alejandro González Iñárritu for "Babel" The 2006 nominees continued Hollywood's trend of nominating relatively low-to-modestly budgeted films with ensemble casts and personal subjects, again eschewing big budgeted Hollywood studio epics, though in this year, three of the Best Picture-nominated films were at least partially bankrolled by a major studio. Three of the five films were released by specialty divisions, while director Clint Eastwood's Letters From Iwo Jima was able to be made by a studio, using his reputation to get financing for its narrowly-appealing content. It was one of the most diverse and international rosters of nominees and winners in recent Academy history. The five films that were nominated for Best Picture had a total of only 26 nominations -- the fewest since 1932/1933 (when 10 films were nominated for the top prize but there were fewer awards categories). No single film received nominations in more than six categories. And the Oscar wins were spread out over numerous films - many received either one or two awards. As with last year, there was a perceived backlash against flashy, "popcorn" Best Picture nominees and winners. Mega-budget, special effects-heavy box-office blockbusters that received minimal nominations included: Gore Verbinski's Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (4 technical nominations, with a sole Oscar win for Best Visual Effects), one of the fastest grossing films in history, reaching $100M and $200M box office dollars in record time, and grossing over $1B worldwide, as the second part of a planned trilogy Brett Ratner's X-Men: The Last Stand (no nominations), the third film in the series, grossing box-office of about $460 worldwide Ron Howard's The Da Vinci Code (no nominations), which grossed over $750M worldwide despite savage reviews Superman Returns (one nomination for Best Visual Effects), the fifth in the series, directed by former X-Men director Bryan Singer and a total worldwide box-office of almost $400M Martin Campbell's Casino Royale (no nominations), the exciting 007 "reboot" starring Daniel Craig as the new James Bond, which grossed about $550M worldwide J.J. Abrams' Mission Impossible III (no nominations), starring and	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,781	Which 18th century British author described a second marriage as ‘The triumph of hope over experience’?	Project MUSE - Love and Marriage in 18th-Century Britain Love and Marriage in 18th-Century Britain Wendy Moore (bio) William Hogarth graphically depicted the pitfalls of arranged marriage in his cautionary cartoon series Marriage à-la-mode, published in 1745. Samuel Johnson famously described second marriages as the "triumph of hope over experience." The Georgians' fixation with wedlock was no accident. The secret of a successful marriage was one of the most hotly debated topics in the salons and coffee-houses of 18th-century England, and the outcome of this febrile discourse set the tone for our modern-day Western approach to marriage based on the ideal of a harmonious, companionable partnership founded in mutual love. 1 The shift in ideas about marriage was profound. At the beginning of the 18th century most marriages among landed or moneyed families were essentially financial arrangements designed to cement powerful alliances and exchange or acquire land and property. Although people in working-class and agricultural communities were more or less free to choose their own partners for life—albeit generally within the same narrow economic group and geographical area—the vast majority of marriages among aristocratic, wealthy, and middle-class families were arranged by parents with the prospective bride and bridegroom having little or no say. Children were often betrothed in infancy and married in their teens, frequently to partners they barely knew and sometimes with disastrous consequences. Lord Halifax in his Advice to a Daughter, published in 1688, made the prospects plain when he explained: "It is one of the Disadvantages belonging to your Sex, that young Women are seldom permitted to make their own Choice." 2 But if Lord Halifax—and presumably his daughter—was prepared to accept such an arrangement, others were not. In a scathing indictment of marriage published in 1700, the writer Mary Astell demanded to know: "If Marriage be such a blessed State, how comes it, may you say, that there are so few happy marriages?" 3 She remained a spinster. When the 23-year-old Lady Mary Pierrepont was betrothed by her father in 1712 to an Irish aristocrat she had never met, she described her wedding arrangements as "daily preparations for my journey to Hell." 4 Rather than descend into eternal torment, she eloped and married her lover, Edward Wortley Montagu, just days before the planned ceremony. Click for larger view View full resolution From William Hogarth's Marriage à-la-mode, "The Toilette Scene," 1745. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-112875]. As a growing number of thwarted young lovers voted with their feet, so criticism of arranged marriages increased during the first half of the 18th century. Hogarth's popular series of six scenes, which depict the tragic outcome of a marriage contracted by money-grasping parents and silver-tongued lawyers between a debauched young earl and the daughter of a rich merchant, reflected the mood. The writer Hester Chapone characterized such matches as "Smithfield bargains," in reference to the famed London meat market, and exclaimed, "so much ready money for so much land, and my daughter flung in into the bargain!" 5 At the same time, the emphasis on self-expression, free will, and personal feelings in early 18th-century novels such as Daniel Defoe's Roxana (1724) and Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) was blamed for undermining the concept of arranged marriages and fueling expectations of romantic love. 6 Whether the rising popularity of novels really influenced views on marriage or simply reflected changing opinion can probably never be determined. But certainly the former was the perception among disapproving older generations. François Fénelon, Archbishop of Cambray, in his Instructions for the Education of a Daughter, translated into English in 1713, warned of the dangers of girls reading "romances" and then being "astonished, not to find in the World real Persons, who may answer to these Romantick Heroes." 7 Pressure from disgruntled pa	R.D. Blackmore biography R.D. Blackmore (1825–1900), English novelist and fruit grower wrote Lorna Doone (1869) Biography: With his elder brother Henry (1824–1875), Blackmore spent much of his childhood in the lush and pastoral "Doone Country" of Exmoor, Devon, and along the Badgworthy Water (where there is now a memorial stone in Blackmore's honour) and among the future fictional Doone Valley's towering hills. The severe and remote rocky areas of Devon provided protection for many fugitives at the time where justice was swift and penalties harsh. Blackmore would hear of many tales of highway robbery and murder among illiterate half-wild men living on the edge of survival. Richard Doddridge Blackmore was born 7 June 1825 at the vicarage in Longworth, Berkshire County, son of the Reverend John Blackmore (1794–1858). His mother, Anne Basset Knight (1794–1825) died of typhus when Richard was a mere three months old and so he was raised by his aunt Mary Francis Knight. They lived on the rugged and remote North Shore of the Bristol Channel near Glamorgan though young Richard travelled south often to visit his father and paternal grandfather in Devon. By 1832 he was living with his father again after he had married his second wife, Charlotte Ann Platt in 1831. He started his education at Squire’s Grammar School in South Molton, Devon, then went on to the same school his father had attended, Blundell's School, during which he lived in the village for the week and would go home on Sundays. One of the boys he lodged with would later become archbishop of Canterbury. In the harsh and narrow circumstances he experienced the severe discipline and corporal punishment that some say later led to his epilepsy, though Blackmore does not make Blundell's out to be so monstrous in Lorna Doone. The grammar school gave him a solid background for his career as a man of letters and he won a scholarship for Exeter College, Oxford, earning a degree in the Classics in 1847. He became a Barrister of the Middle Temple in 1852 but never practiced due to his epilepsy. Without his father's knowledge, R.D. Blackmore married Lucy Maguire (1822?–1888), daughter of a laundress and a Roman Catholic, on 8 November 1853 at Holy Trinity Church, London. Lucy would later become a member of the Church of England. They would not have their own children but did adopt Eva, a niece of Lucy's. The Classics Master taught Latin and Greek at Wellesley House grammar school for a time, before, owing to an inheritance left him by his uncle the Rev. H.H. Knight of Neath in 1860, he and Lucy moved to rural Teddington, built "Gomer House" named after his beloved dog and planted an orchard. Never losing touch of his classicist education, he became an avid horticulturist and farmer of apples and pears while working on translations of Horace and Virgil. He wrote essays, articles and stories on the subject of fruit growing. One in particular, The farm and fruit of old: a translation in verse of the first and second georgics of Virgil, by a market gardener (1862) would prove to be a significant step in his becoming an author of fiction. From 1883 he was a member of the Royal Horticultural Society. Blackmore published many of his first works of verse under the pseudonym Melanter (Greek for ‘more black’) including Poems by Melanter (1853), Epullia (1855), and The Bugle of the Black Sea (1855), about the Crimean War. His first novel, with poetic imagery and autobiographical narrative was Clara Vaughan (1864), which was followed by Cradock Nowell (1866), first serialised in Macmillan's Magazine. His fruit business never really a success, Blackmore finally earned some acclaim for his historical romance that blends fact and fiction, Lorna Doone. It is set in 17th century Exmoor during the reign of Britain's Charles II. Young farmer John Ridd vows revenge on the Doone clan, "the awe of all Devon and Somerset, outlaws, traitors, murderers", who killed his father when he was a child. The Doones are based on the real Doone family of Scotland who had been disinherited by the Stuarts for a tim	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,782	If a wine is described as flabby what does it lack	eRobertParker.com: A Glossary of Wine Terms Weekly Wine Buys acetic: Wines, no matter how well made, contain quantities of acetic acidity that have a vinegary smell. If there is an excessive amount of acetic acidity, the wine will have a vinegary smell and be a flawed, acetic wine. acidic: Wines need natural acidity to taste fresh and lively , but an excess of acidity results in an acidic wine that is tart and sour. acidity: The acidity level in a wine is critical to its enjoyment and livelihood. The natural acids that appear in wine are citric, tartaric, malic, and lactic. Wines from hot years tend to be lower in acidity, whereas wines from cool, rainy years tend to be high in acidity. Acidity in a wine can preserve the wine's freshness and keep the wine lively , but too much acidity, which masks the wines flavors and compresses its texture, is a flaw. aftertaste: As the term suggests, the taste left in the mouth when one swallows is the aftertaste. This word is a synonym for length or finish. The longer the aftertaste lingers in the mouth (assuming it is a pleasant taste), the finer the quality of the wine. aggressive: Aggressive is usually applied to wines that are either high in acidity or have harsh tannins, or both. angular: Angular wines are wines that lack roundness, generosity, and depth. Wine from poor vintages or wines that are too acidic are often described as being angular. aroma: Aroma is the smell of a young wine before it has had sufficient time to develop nuances of smell that are then called its bouquet . The word aroma is commonly used to mean the smell of a relatively young, unevolved wine. astringent: Wines that are astringent are not necessarily bad or good wines. Astringent wines are harsh and coarse to taste, either because they are too young and tannic and just need time to develop, or because they are not well made. The level of tannins (if it is harsh) in a wine contributes to its degree of astringence. austere: Wines that are austere are generally not terribly pleasant wines to drink. An austere wine is a hard , rather dry wine that lacks richness and generosity. However, young Rhônes are not as austere as young Bordeaux. backward: An adjective used to describe (1) a young largely unevolved, closed, and undrinkable wine, (2) a wine that is not ready to drink, or (3) a wine that simply refuses to release its charms and personality. balance: One of the most desired traits in a wine is good balance, where the concentration of fruit, level of tannins, and acidity are in total harmony. Balanced wines are symmetrical and tend to age gracefully. barnyard: An unclean, farmyard, fecal aroma that is imparted to a wine because of unclean barrels or unsanitary winemaking facilities. berrylike: As this descriptive term implies, most red wines have an intense berry fruit character that can suggest blackberries, raspberries, black cherries, mulberries, or even strawberries and cranberries. big: A big wine is a large-framed, full-bodied wine with an intense and concentrated feel on the palate. Most red Rhône wines are big wines. blackcurrant: A pronounced smell of blackcurrant fruit is commonly associated with certain Rhône wines. It can vary in intensity from faint to very deep and rich. body: Body is the weight and fullness of a wine that can be sensed as it crosses the palate. full-bodied wines tend to have a lot of alcohol, concentration, and glycerin. Botrytis cinerea: The fungus that attacks the grape skins under specific climatic conditions (usually alternating periods of moisture and sunny weather). It causes the grape to become superconcentrated because it causes a natural dehydration. Botrytis cinerea is essential for the great sweet white wines of Barsac and Sauternes. It rarely occurs in the Rhône Valley because of the dry, constant sunshine and gusty winds. bouquet: As a wine's aroma becomes more developed from bottle aging, the aroma is transformed into a bouquet that is hopefully more than just the smell of the grape. brawny: A hefty, muscular, full-bodied wine with plenty of weight and flavo	Fiasco \| Define Fiasco at Dictionary.com fiasco [fee-as-koh or especially for 2, -ah-skoh] /fiˈæs koʊ or especially for 2, -ˈɑ skoʊ/ Spell a complete and ignominious failure. 2. a round-bottomed glass flask for wine, especially Chianti, fitted with a woven, protective raffia basket that also enables the bottle to stand upright. Origin of fiasco Germanic 1850-1855 1850-55; < Italian: literally, bottle < Germanic (see flask 1); sense “failure” from Italian phrase far fiasco to fail, literally, to make a bottle, idiom of uncertain origin Synonyms 1. disaster, catastrophe, debacle, flop, bomb. Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for fiasco Expand Virginia Loves Its Moderate Republican Governor David Frum March 27, 2013 The company pins the fiasco on the British software company for inflating its books. British Dictionary definitions for fiasco Expand a complete failure, esp one that is ignominious or humiliating Word Origin C19: from Italian, literally: flask; sense development obscure Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for fiasco Expand n. 1855, theater slang for "a failure," by 1862 acquired the general sense of any dismal flop, on or off the stage. Via French phrase fiare fiasco "turn out a failure" (19c.), from Italian far fiasco "suffer a complete breakdown in performance," literally "make a bottle," from fiasco "bottle," from Late Latin flasco, flasconem (see flask ). The reason for all this is utterly obscure today, but "the usual range of fanciful theories has been advanced" [Ayto]. Weekley finds it utterly mysterious and compares French ramasser un pelle "to come a cropper (in bicycling), literally to pick up a shovel." OED makes nebulous reference to "alleged incidents in Italian theatrical history." Klein suggests Venetian glass-crafters tossing aside imperfect pieces to be made later into common flasks. But according to an Italian dictionary, fare il fiasco used to mean "to play a game so that the one that loses will pay the fiasco," in other words, he will buy the next bottle (of wine). That plausibly connects the word with the notion of "a costly mistake." Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,783	In the world of Private Eye, Ron Knee is the manager of which football club?	Fifty years of Private Eye's eccentric eye view of sport \| Frank Keating \| Sport \| The Guardian Share on Messenger Close Private Eye was 50 on Tuesday. There was no sporting reference in that primitive debutant issue of 25 October 1961 – six corny homemade pages printed on yellow paper – but over the following half-century the magazine has significantly cast its wittily baleful eye over the prolix and self-important pomposities of modern professional sport and thank heaven for it. It happens I was in on the history from the start. Those first scraggy issues through that harsh winter of 1961-62 were produced in artist Willie Rushton's bedroom in his mother's house in Scarsdale Villas, off Kensington High Street. I dossed down in a bedsit in adjoining Marloes Road – catching a Greenline bus each morning for shifts on the Slough Observer – and Willie and I occasionally laughed and drank in the Princess of Teck local; that summer of 1962 we watched the Pakistanis at Lord's and had a memorable day together at the Wimbledon tennis. We were all of an age and down the years I got to know Willie's other three cofounding Eye Salopians , who also enjoyed their cricket. In time I was to be captained on a few occasions by eccentric but commanding Richard "Jardine" Ingrams and flagrantly run out by Paul Foot to end one of our stylish opening partnerships (five), and I've contentedly lolled in a deckchair alongside Christopher Booker at Taunton, putting the world in order and watching his poor old Somerset lose yet again. Foot supported (rabidly) only West Indies at cricket and generally preferred football as, most certainly, did M'Lord Gnome himself, the late and onliest Peter Cook, who'd tell me hilariously outrageous tales about being bullied by Radley school's malign "Flashman", Ted Dexter, future England cricket captain. As well as Tottenham Hotspur, Cook was passionate, of course, about his Neasden FC – and all hail to the memory of bluff chairman Buffy Cohen, 67; tight-lipped, ashen-faced supremo Ron Knee, 59; Baldy Pevsner, Hernandez de Pratwinkle, and fearless one-legged custodian Wally Foot, each "boswelled" by ace backpager EI Addio and, on the terraces, cheered on by the "heaving throng" of Sid and Doris Bonkers. In Private Eye: The First 50 Years (£25), the spankingly appealing and classy new anniversary biog by Adam Macqueen – a rewarding must for any Eye devotee – eminent staffer Barry Fantoni laments Neasden FC's sad death because Ian Hislop "seems not to be interested in football nor knows anything about it". Happily, "Pseuds Corner" thrives. It goes without saying I'm an honoured club member. Our champ and inspiration has, since 1978, surely been fabled Spectator music critic Hans Keller: "At the end of the Don Giovanni duettino, the unity of the Siciliano rhythm is achieved by a complimentary contrast, not unlike the performance of wordless logic displayed by Trevor Brooking at Upton Park on Saturday." Trivia snippet: football instigated in 2009 the Eye's (now tedious) Pseudo Names column – when Carl Isleunited wrote to complain how football was infiltrating everything, a sentiment at once echoed by Ray Throvers and Lew Tontown. Colemanballs has long outlived the broadcasting career of eponymous founding father, David, the BBC's squawking town crier to a few generations. It began in 1977 when an RA House of Nuneaton wrote to Ingrams suggesting the column after noting Coleman's "You can tell how bright the sun is by the length of the shadows." So was born an imperishable cultural staple. My cherished famous five – Peter West at Wimbledon: "Miss Stove seems to be going off the boil"; Frank Bough handing "over to the ringside where Harry Commentator is your Carpenter"; Hugh Johns's "The crowd is urging the referee to blow his watch"; swimming's Alan Weekes: "It's still Britain's Brian Brinkley in last place, and he is obviously quite content at this stage to let America's Mark Spitz set the pace"; and football's Alan King: "Swindon started very, very brightly till the achilles heel which has been biting them in the back	PFA Player of the Year winners 1974-2007 - Telegraph PFA Player of the Year winners 1974-2007 12:01AM BST 27 Apr 2008 PFA Player of the Year 1974-2007 1974 Norman Hunter - 'Bite yer legs' Hunter was a central defender for the feared Leeds United tean of the 1960s and 70s, he was also a member of the 1966 World Cup winning squad. 1975 Colin Todd- Currently manager of Randers FC, Todd won two Football League titles with Derby County in the 1970s, and was capped for England 27 times. 1976 Pat Jennings OBE- Former goalkeeper for Northern Ireland, Jennings played 119 games for his country. He played 1,000 top level games for clubs and even managed to score a goal in the 1967 Charity Shield. 1977 Andy Gray - Former Scotland striker, Andy Gray is now a football pundit for Sky Sports. He began his career with Dundee United before moving to Aston Villa, until Cristiano Ronaldo won in 2006-07, Gray was the only player to receive the PFA Young Player of the Year, and the Player of the year the following season. 1978 Peter Shilton OBE - England's most capped international player, Shilton earned 125 caps in goal for his country over 30 years. His career included eight clubs, three World Cups, two European Cup finals and over 1,000 competitive matches. 1979 Liam Brady - Former Ireland international, Brady is the current assistant manager of the Republic of Ireland senior team. He was a renowned midfielder with a notable left foot. He found success with Arsenal and Juventus and earned 72 international caps. 1980 Terry McDermott - Liverpool fan McDermott was initially overlooked by his local club and was signed to Newcastle in 1973. He met Liverpool in the 74 FA Cup final which Newcastle lost 3-0, but McDermott's dreams were fulfilled when six months later Liverpool manager Bob Paisley signed him to the Merseyside club. 1981 John Wark - John Wark was a defensive midfielder with an astonishing goals coring record - 165 over 22 years. He began his career at Ipswich, returned there after four years at Liverpool and finished his career there after a spell at Middlesbrough. 1982 Kevin Keegan - Kevin Keegan is widely regarded as one of the greatest English footballers - and the only one to be named European Footballer of the Year twice. He finished his playing career at Newcastle United where he is currently manager. He has also managed Fulham, Manchester City and the senior England team. 1983 Kenny Dalglish - Former Scottish international Kenny Dalglish is renowned for his success with both Celtic and Liverpool in the 1970s and 80s. He was the first player to win 100 caps for Scotland, and with 20 goals he shares the top scorer title with Dennis Law. 1984 Ian Rush - Welsh striker, Ian rush was well known for his partnership with Kenny Dalglish at Liverpool. He scored 254 goals over a 21-year career at eight different clubs: Chester, Liverpool, Juventus, Leeds, Newcastle, Sheffield, Wrexham and Sydney Olympic. 1985 Peter Reid - Peter Reid started his playing career in 1974 at Bolton, he also spent a number of years with Everton and Queens Park Rangers. He won 13 caps for England and was one of the players passed by Diego Maradona when he scored his second goal of the quarter-final of the same tournament. 1986 Gary Lineker - Former England striker Gary Lineker, scored 10 goals in two World Cups and is currently a sports broadcaster for the BBC. He had a prolific career at a number of clubs, including; Leicester, Everton, FC Barcelona and Tottenham Hotspur. During his career he was never cautioned or sent off by the referee. 1987 Clive Allen - Son of former Spurs forward Les Allen, Clive Allen enjoyed a career as a prolific goals corer at a number of clubs. He made big headlines in 1980 when as a teenager he was sold for £1.25 million. 1988 John Barnes -Former Liverpool player John Barnes was scouted by Watford as a schoolboy playing for non-league Sudbury Court - his signing fee was a set of kit. He is currently acting as a part-time scout in the Caribbean for Sunderland and is also a broadcaster channel Five. 1989 Mark Hughes - nicknamed 'S	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,784	What was the name given to an insurrection (the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798) led by schoolteacher and barrister Patrick Pearse from 24 April to 30 April 1916, with the aim of establishing the Irish Republic?	Easter Rising 1916 \| The Irish War 1916 Easter Rising You are here: Home / History / 1916 Easter Rising The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Cásca), was an insurrection staged in Ireland during Easter Week, 1916. The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans with the aims of ending British rule in Ireland and establishing an Irish Republic. It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798. Organised by the Military Council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Rising lasted from Easter Monday 24 April to 30 April 1916. Members of the Irish Volunteers, led by schoolteacher and barrister Patrick Pearse, joined by the smaller Irish Citizen Army of James Connolly, along with 200 members of Cumann na mBan, seized key locations in Dublin and proclaimed an Irish Republic independent of Britain. There were some actions in other parts of Ireland but, except for the attack on the RIC barracks at Ashbourne, County Meath, they were minor. O’Connell Street, Dublin after the Easter Rising The Rising was suppressed after seven days of fighting, and its leaders were court-martialled and executed, but it succeeded in bringing physical force republicanism back to the forefront of Irish politics. In the 1918 General Election, the last all-island election held in Ireland, to the British Parliament, Republicans won 73 seats out of 105, on a policy of abstentionism from Westminster and Irish independence. This came less than two years after the Rising. In January 1919, the elected members of Sinn Féin who were not still in prison at the time, including survivors of the Rising, convened the First Dáil and established the Irish Republic. The British Government refused to accept the legitimacy of the newly declared nation, leading to the Irish War of Independence. Planning the Rising Tom Clarke Fenian The Supreme Council of the IRB met on 5 September 1914, a month after the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. At this meeting they decided to stage a rising before the war ended and to accept whatever help Germany might offer. Responsibility for the planning of the rising was given to Tom Clarke and Sean Mac Dermott. The Irish Volunteers, the smaller of the two forces resulting from the September 1914 split over support for the British war effort, set up a “headquarters staff” that included Patrick Pearse as Director of Military Organisation, Joseph Plunkett as Director of Military Operations and Thomas MacDonagh as Director of Training. Eamonn Ceant was later added as Director of Communications. In May 1915 Clarke and MacDermott established a Military Committee within the IRB, consisting of Pearse, Plunkett and Ceannt, to draw up plans for a rising. This dual rôle allowed the Committee, to which Clarke and MacDermott added themselves shortly afterwards, to promote their own policies and personnel independently of both the Volunteer Executive and the IRB Executive—in particular Volunteer Chief of Staff Eoin MacNeill, who was opposed to a rising unless popular support was secured by the introduction of conscription or an attempt to suppress the Volunteers or its leaders, and IRB President Denis McCullough, who held similar views. IRB members held officer rank in the Volunteers throughout the country and would take their orders from the Military Committee, not from MacNeill.Plunkett had travelled to Germany in April 1915 to join Roger Casement. Casement had gone there from the United States the previous year with the support of Clan na Gael leader John Devoy, and after discussions with the German Ambassador in Washington, count von Bernstorf, to try to recruit an “Irish Brigade” from among Irish prisoners of war and secure German support for Irish independence. Together Plunkett and Casement presented a plan which involved a German expeditionary force landing on the west coast of Ireland, while a rising in Dublin diverted the British forces so that the Germans, with the help of local Volunteers, could secure the line of the River Shannon. James Connolly, head of the Irish Citizen Army (ICA), a group of armed social	The Presidents of Ireland: From 1938 Until 2015 The Presidents of Ireland: From 1938 Until 2015 European History Expert By Robert Wilde The Republic of Ireland emerged from a protracted struggle with the British Government during the first half of the nineteenth century, leaving the landmass of 'Ireland' divided into two. Self-government initially returned to Southern Ireland in 1922 when the country became a 'Free State' in the British Commonwealth. Further campaigning followed, and in 1939 the Irish Free State adopted a new constitution, replaced the British monarch with an elected president and became 'Éire', 'Ireland'. Full independence - and complete withdrawal from the British Commonwealth - followed with the declaration of the Republic of Ireland in 1949. This is a chronological list of the presidents of Ireland; the dates given are the periods of said rule. 1. Douglas Hyde 1938 – 1945 An experienced academic and professor rather than a politician, Hyde’s career was dominated by his desire to preserve and promote the Gaelic language. Such was the impact of his work that he was supported by all the main parties in the election which made him the first president of Ireland. continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World 2. Sean Thomas O'Kelly 1945 – 1959 Unlike Hyde, O’Kelly was a long time politician who was involved in the early years of Sinn Féin, fought against the British in the Easter Rising, and worked in succeeding layers of government, including that of Eamon de Valeria, who would succeed him. O’Kelly was elected for the maximum two terms, and then retired. 3. Eámon de Valera 1959 – 1973 Perhaps the most famous Irish politician of the presidential era (and with good reason), Eamon de Valera was taoiseach / prime minister and then president of the sovereign, independent Ireland he did so much to create. A president of Sinn Féin in 1917, founder of Fianna Fáil in 1926, he was also a respected academic. 4. Erskin Childers 1973 – 1974 Eskine Childers was the son of Robert Erskine Childers, an acclaimed writer and politician who was executed in the struggle for independence. After taking a job at a newspaper owned by De Valera’s family, he became a politician and served in many positions, eventually being elected president in 1973. However, he died the next year. 5. Cearbhall O'Dalaigh 1974 – 1976 A career in law saw O'Dalaigh become Ireland’s youngest attorney general, a Supreme Court judge and chief justice, as well as a judge in the burgeoning European system. He became president in 1974, but his fears over the nature of an Emergency Powers Bill, itself a reaction to IRA terrorism, led him to resign. 6. Patrick Hillery 1976 – 1990 After several years of upheaval, Hillery bought stability to the presidency, and after saying he would only serve one term was asked back by the main parties to stand for a second. A medic, he transitioned into politics and he served in the government and the EEC. 7. Mary Robinson 1990 – 1997 Mary Robinson was an accomplished lawyer, a professor in her field, and had a record of promoting humans rights when she was elected president, and she became the most visible holder of the office to that date, touring and promoting Ireland’s interests. When her seven years were up she moved into a role as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, and still campaigns on the issues. 8. Mary McAleese 1997 – 2011 The first president of Ireland to be born in Northern Ireland, McAleese was another lawyer who transitioned into politics, and who turned a controversial start into a career as one of the best regarded presidents of Ireland. 9. Michael D Higgins 2011 - A published poet, respected academic and long-time Labour politician, Higgins was considered an incendiary figure early on but turned into something of a national treasure, winning the election in no small part due to his speaking ability.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,785	In the Bible, who's wife was turned into a pillar of salt?	Who saw Lot's wife become pillar of salt? Submit questions - New Articles QUESTION: Did anyone witness Lot's wife becoming a pillar of salt when she looked back at Sodom ? ANSWER: In regard to anyone seeing Lot's wife becoming salt we sometimes have to simply trust God and the Bible . We could ask a question like this one such as: Who saw God create the universe , all life and even the first man? Another Biblical example is that we have no written eyewitness accounts of a great fish swallowing Jonah or of the same fish being seen spitting him out on some beach three days later. It all comes down to faith. Lot's wife did not merely take a quick glance behind her to see the destruction of the cities. The English word "look" used to describe her action in Genesis 19:17 and 26, comes from the Hebrew nabat ( Strong's Concordance #H5027), which means to look intently at in a favorable manner. In short, she turned to longingly and (no doubt) regretfully witness the destruction of the places she really liked. Lot's wife's attitude about Sodom, and the willingness to minimize or overlook the gross sins and self-destructive behavior occurring where she resided, may have rubbed off on her daughters. It could have played a part in their willingness, just a short time after Sodom's demise, to do whatever it took to ensure they would have children (see Genesis 19:30 - 38). Lot, not suprisingly, hesitated as he left Sodom. The two angels , who were sent to escourt Lot and his family out of Sodom before its destruction, had to grab their hands and lead them quickly out of harm's way. As they dashed out of 'sin city' the angels told the family 'Run for your lives! DON'T LOOK BACK and don't stop in the valley.' (Genesis 19:17). When the family reached the small town of Zoar , just as the sun was rising, 'Suddenly the Lord rained burning sulfur on the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah . . .' (Genesis 19:24). It was then that the wife of Lot turned to look at what was happening and became a pillar of salt (verse 26). Lot's wife stopped running away from the city just long enough to turn around and view the destruction of where she use to live. As she stood amazed at what she saw, many Bible commentaries agree some of the burning or molten sulphur (translated as " brimstone " in the KJV Bible ) likely fell on her from the sky and crystallized her into a salt pillar.	quizballs 50 -- part 2 - Google Groups quizballs 50 -- part 2 41. What Cumbrian town was used as a 2007 pilot for the digital TV switch-over? 42. It was announced in April 2007 that Lord Justice Scott Baker would replace Baroness Butler-Sloss in what position? 43. What remarkable sale price did Damien Hirst's diamond-encrusted skull achieve? 44. Which world champion 400m runner successfully overturned her Olympic Games ban for missing drug tests? 45. Monks featured strongly in the September protests in which country? 46. Which northern England city was flooded by torrential rain on on 25 June 2007? 47. In what US city did Barack Obama announce his presidential candidacy in February 2007? 48. Which Bollywood actor was at the centre of the 2007 Big Brother TV Show racism uproar? 49. Shinzo Abe resigned in September 2007 as prime minister of which country? 50. Which corporation bought 1.6% of Facebook for $240m? 51. The Kate Moss Collection was launched by what store chain? 52. The two CDs lost by the UK department HMRC (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs) contained personal details of 20m people relating to claims of what? 53. Who resigned as England cricket coach after the 2007 Ashes series 5-0 defeat? 54. What nickname was used by the media for the senior policeman in charge of the Cash for Honours investigation? 55. In May 2007 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced the biggest what in history to date? 56. Intensive British forces operations in Afghanistan through 2007 were centred in which province? 57. In what significant UK location was the August 2007 Climate Change Camp sited? 58. Which movie star left the much publicized 'rude pig' phone message for his twelve year old daughter? 59. In a bizarre 2007 confessional frenzy, Ruth Kelly, Jacqui Smith, Harriet Harman, Hazel Blears and Alistair Darling where among several British government ministers to make what admission? 60. At the end of 2007 how many England Premiership football (soccer) clubs were foreign owned? 61. In June 2007 the Millennium Dome re-opened under what name? 62. Which famous aviator and adventurer went missing over the Nevada Desert in September 2007? 63. The perfume brand 'Mwah' was launched in 2007 by which 'celebrity'? 64. What country celebrated on August 15th 2007 its 60th anniversary of independence from British rule? 65. Who resigned as World Bank President after failing to disprove allegations of his nepotism? 66. Which country won the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup? 67. Following an Ofcom investigation which TV company was judged in September 2007 to be the worst offending in the premium line phone-in scandals? 68. What film won the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture? 69. Speculation towards the end of 2007 suggested that Rupert Murdoch's News International Group was in discussion to buy what significant business networking website? 70. Which rapper cancelled his UK tour when refused entry to the country? 71. What was the name of the Space Shuttle which launched on June 8th 2007? 72. Who made this amusing statement: "I have expressed a degree of regret that may be equated with an apology..." ? 73. Whose secret donations of over half a million pounds caused a big problem for the Labour Party when they were exposed in November 2007? 74. Who became the new French president in 2007? 75. Who was charged with fraud when he reappeared five years after going missing in a canoe off the Cleveland coast? 76. Clarence Mitchell was appointed media spokesman for whom in September 2007? 77. Which Formula One racing team was expelled from the 2007 Constructors Championship for spying on a competitor? 78. Blake Fielder-Civil achieved notoriety as whose errant husband? 79. Which former newspaper owner and business mogul was sentenced to 78 months imprisonment for fraud in December 2007? 80. Which major city switched off its lights for an hour on the evening of 31 March 2007 as a political statement about climate change? 81. What was the village and laboratory site na	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,786	Who drinks poison to save Peter Pan?	Saving Tinkerbell - Chris Busch Saving Tinkerbell May 19, 2008 Do you remember the story of Peter Pan? The little fairy Tinkerbell drinks the poison intended for Peter and her light begins to dim and fade as certain death approaches. But, why is she dying? It’s not because she drank poison, oh no, it’s because not enough of us believed in fairies. Peter implores the audience to show their belief in fairies by clapping and as the live audience is worked into a frenzy, Tinkerbell is miraculously revived and averts certain death. We just needed to believe in fairies hard enough. I’ve seen a lot of people in business over the years trying to save Tinkerbell. I’ve done it myself. Made a dumb decision, or two… OK, or three, and then believed that in spite of my own bad judgment I could somehow revive Tinkerbell if I just believed hard enough. I consider myself a person of faith, but there are times if you drink the poison you die. You can’t always believe yourself out of bad decisions. Sometimes you just have to drink the antidote, which is usually a good dose of humility followed with a generous serving of taking responsibility for your choices. And as you slowly climb out of the hole you dug for yourself, you begin to see that all the wildly clapping audiences in the world cannot really save Tinkerbell. Peter Pan lied to us. But we believed it because it was more comfortable than admitting we were wrong. Then there was Jiminy Cricket who sang about wishing upon a star and your dreams would come true. It seems that a lot of his disciples are regulars down at the Creek Nation Casino. And who could forget Old Yeller. A noble and faithful dog, he casts himself into mortal danger to shield his young master. But, the bites lead to rabies and the young boy does the humane thing for his canine friend, he puts him down with a rifle shot to the head. Man I cried when Old Yeller died. I just knew he wasn’t really dead. Maybe if we just clapped wildly and believed in dogs hard enough. It just wasn’t fair. Decisions have consequences. Faith will help us through the process of facing those consequences, but the way of escape is through the consequences, not around them. Life isn’t going to give you or me a pass. We’re not that special. As a teenage lad I was grumbling one day to my dad about how hard life was. A man of few words, he never looked up from the big wheel bearing he was packing with heavy grease, but just said, “It’s supposed to be hard.” Hmmm. Come to think of it, I don’t remember Dad clapping for Tinkerbell.	Peter Pan is the book with the nation's favourite opening line \| Daily Mail Online Peter Pan's opening line of 'All children, except one, grow up', is the nation's most memorable Peter Pan is the book with the nation's favourite opening line, according to a new poll. 'All children, except one, grow up,' wrote JM Barrie in his children's classic which scooped 20per cent of the vote in a poll commissioned to mark World Book Day next month. But it's not just childhood fairytales that adults have fond memories of, as the opening lines from classic 19th Century novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens came second place, while George Orwell's 1984 completed the top three. However, the first words of 50 Shades of Grey did little to inspire as just one in 20 (five per cent) were wooed by EL James' opening line. One in five of those polled admitted they will put a book down if the first line isn't engaging. However, one in four (25per cent) said they will continue reading a novel to the end even if they don't enjoy it and, with complete disregard for the opening line, 15per cent admit jumping to the last chapter first to find out a book's ending. When it comes to reading with their children, one in eight parents (12per cent) say youngsters will switch off if a book doesn't capture their imagination quickly, and one in 10 are forced to adopt the characters' voices to make reading more enjoyable. Parents know when they deserve an Oscar, as one in seven children (14per cent) will enjoy a book so much that they will read it again and 21per cent of people admit they've used a line from a book as their own in order to impress a member of the opposite sex. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share The poll was commissioned by Asda. Laura Grooby, Asda's book buyer, said: 'First impressions are everything, and even though hundreds of new books are released every week, it is clear the nation never forgets a famous opening line. 'This year, we hope by encouraging everyone to pick up and persevere with a book on World Book Day, children and adults alike will enjoy the pleasures reading can bring.' THE NATION'S TOP 10 MOST MEMORABLE OPENING LINES George Orwell's 1984 (left) and J.R.R. Tolkien's The Fellowship of the Ring both feature on the top ten list 1. 'All children, except one, grow up.' - Peter Pan 2. 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.' - A Tale of Two Cities 3. 'It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.' - 1984 4. 'When Mr Bilbo Baggins of Bag End announced that he would shortly be celebrating his eleventy-first birthday with a party of special magnificence, there was much talk and excitement in Hobbiton.' - The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring 5. 'Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, "and what is the use of a book," thought Alice "without pictures or conversation?"' - Alice in Wonderland 6. 'It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of good fortune must be in want of a wife.' - Pride and Prejudice 7. 'Mr and Mrs Dursley, of number four Privet Drive, were proud to say that they were perfectly normal, thank you very much.' - Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone 8. 'Here is Edward Bear, coming down the stairs now, bump bump, on the back of his head, behind Christopher Robin.' - Winne-The-Pooh 9. 'My father got the dog drunk on cherry brandy at the party last night.' - Adrian Mole 10. 'The sun did not shine, it was too wet to play, so we sat in the house all that cold, cold wet day.' - The Cat in the Hat	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,787	In which English palace was British politician Winston Churchill born?	Sir Winston Churchill Biography Often described as “the greatest living Englishman” during his life, Sir Winston Churchill was a British war leader, Prime Minister, author, and Nobel Prize winner. Military and political career Sir Winston Churchill’s military career is extensive. Born Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill on November 30, 1874 in Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, England, Churchill’s military career began with his attendance of the Royal Military College in Sandhurst. He was commissioned in the Forth Hussars in 1895 and was in the Battle of Omdurman, later discussed in an essay. He left the British Army in 1899, then worked as a war correspondent during the Boer War, during which he was captured and subsequently escaped. Churchill had a great presence during both World Wars. He joined the War Council in 1914, and then served as the Minister of Munitions during the last year of war, overseeing the production of tanks, guns, and other sources of artillery. Later, from 1919-1920, he served as the Minister of War and Air. When World War II began, Churchill was called as the First Lord of the Admiralty then later went on to be the chairman of the Military Coordinating Committee in 1940. In the midst of World War II, on May 10, 1940, Churchill was appointed Prime Minister. While Prime Minister, he was often criticized for “meddling” in military affairs; however, he proved to be a great inspiration to the British people in their war-torn country. He also helped to form strong allies with the United States, working closely with President Roosevelt after Pearl Harbor, and with the Soviet Union. Writing career Churchill also had an impressive literary career, and won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. He started by writing military reports in the late 1800s for the army. The Story of the Malakand Field Force was published in 1898 and discussed campaigning in the Sudan and The River War, published in 1899, discussed the Battle of Omdurman. He also wrote a novel in 1900, called Savrola. He also wrote biographies; in fact, what is considered to be his first major work was a biography of his father, the aristocrat Lord Randolph Churchill. He also wrote a biography about the Duke of Marlborough, who was a distant ancestor of his. This was published in four separate volumes. In 1930, he published his own autobiography of his childhood and youth, My Early Life. Churchill also wrote extensively about the World Wars. His account of the first World War was entitled The World Crisis (written and published from 1923-1929) and spanned four volumes. His recollections of his experiences in World War II were comprised of six volumes (published in 1948-53). For these works, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. In 1956-1958, he published a 12-volume set of speeches, the History of the English-speaking Peoples. Churchill was also a painter and wrote a book entitled Painting as a Pastime, published in 1948. Personal life In 1908, Churchill married Clementine Ogilvy Hozier. His health began to deteriorate around 1946, when he suffered the first of a number of strokes. However, he was knighted in 1953, then retired completely from politics in 1955, although he still wrote a number of books. He died on January 24th, 1965. Sir Winston Churchill was a brilliant military leader and author during both World Wars.	The woman who said yes to Winston Churchill \| UK \| News \| Daily Express UK The woman who said yes to Winston Churchill WINSTON CHURCHILL first met Clementine Hozier briefly in 1904 when he was in love with Ethel Barrymore but their next meeting at a dinner party on March 15, 1908, was life changing for both of them. PUBLISHED: 00:01, Fri, Mar 15, 2013 Clementine Hozier was the wife of Sir Winston Churchill He was then 33 and about to enter the Cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. She was 22 and the impoverished granddaughter of the Earl of Airlie. She had a distinct penchant for older men and had already been engaged twice - firstly to a banker 15 years her senior then to a civil servant almost twice her age - and had broken it off both times. No doubt wary of another rejection Winston did not pursue Clemmie with as much ardour as he had his other paramours. In fact, in August 1908 he feared he might have overdone it and she was losing interest. However his narrow escape from death in a house fire brought an anxious telegram from Clemmie. Winston invited her to Blenheim and as they took shelter from the rain in an ornamental Greek temple during an afternoon walk he proposed. She said yes. Her engagement ring - a large ruby with two diamonds - was one of the three Winston’s father had given his mother. The engagement was announced on August 15 and the wedding set for less than a month later on September 12. First though, Winston had to face Violet Asquith, the woman who was in love with him. She was on holiday with her family in Scotland and he ensured that she was told before the official announcement but still felt that he should speak to her face to face. Sir Winston Churchill and his wife Clementine make their way to No 10 Downing Street I do not love and never will love any woman in the world but you Winston Churchill A furious Clemmie threatened to break off their engagement but Winston insisted. Exactly what he said to Violet is unclear but she was distraught when he left and refused to attend the wedding. Days later she was found on a cliff path, having suffered a nervous breakdown. As for Clemmie, Winston assured her: “I do not love and never will love any woman in the world but you.” And right up to his death in 1965 he never did. Related articles	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,788	Ouagadougou is the capital of which country?	Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso All... Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso Ouagadougou, or as the locals simply call it, Ouaga, is a truly African capital. Although it is the political center of one of the world's poorest countries, the city is filled with good restaurants, hotels and nightspots, and the locals are known for their friendly dispositions and upbeat attitudes. Although Burkina Faso is a presidential republic, the emperor of the Mossi people is still one of the most important figures in the country. Moro-Naba, as he is called, is still consulted by the government before any big decisions are made, and an important ritual takes place at his palace every Friday. The formal ceremony lasts less than a half hour, but prominent people from around the country come and sit in rank before a cannon is shot. The Moro-Naba arrives decked out in red costume, symbolic for war, and riding an elaborately decorated horse. The most senior visitors pay their respects to the traditional chief, then His Majesty disappears only to come back again in white clothing, symbolizing peace. The subjects are invited into the palace for milk, Kola nut drinks and millet beer while the chief rules on petty crimes and local disputes. Visitors are welcome to view the fascinating ceremony by entering the compound from the east, but photography is forbidden. The National Museum is located about 10 kilometers outside the city center and is still a work-in-progress. The small but growing collection highlights traditional costumes of the country's major ethnic groups, ancestral statues and various masks. Dusty pavilions host the galleries, and although the labels are solely in French, the museum is still well worth a visit. Visitors interested in traditional music will be delighted by the Museum of Music. The imaginatively designed gallery space is filled with flutes, tambour drums, harps, xylophones and other music-makers from around Burkina Faso. The foot castanets are particularly interesting, and French-speaking guides offer insight into each of the pieces. More musical instruments are on display at the Manega Museum. The collection also includes Mossi rifles and other artifacts from around the country. On the outskirts of the city lies the grave of Thomas Sankara. President of the country from 1983 to 1987, Sankara is regarded as an icon of the revolution as is commonly called the Che Guevara of Africa. The Marxist revolutionary is also beloved for his ambitious social and economic programs. His grave remains a reminder of the most hopeful time in the country's history, and it continues to hold great political significance for locals. Ouagadougou is a fairly green city, and the Bangre Weoogo park is a favorite of locals, especially those with children. The park's small zoo is home to many crocodiles and other indigenous animals, and the area is regarded as sacred to locals. The Garden of Ouaga-Loudun Friendship is also worth exploring. The green space was redone in 1996 and symbolizes the relationship between the capital and its sister city in France. The friendship between France and Burkina Faso is also evident at the Place du Grand Lyon. Located near the Center George Mélies, the monument is one of the most beautiful in the city. Another notable monument in Ouagadougou stands just across from the railway station. The six-meter stone statue depicts a woman pouring water out of a calabash. It is usually the first sight visitors see when they arrive in Ouagadougou. Ouagadougou Geographical Location Ouagadougou is located in the center of Burkina Faso and is it’s largest city. The population of Ouagadougou is approximately 1,730,000 in the metropolitan area. Ouagadougou Language French is the official language of Burkina Faso but the majority of the population speaks native African languages. Ouagadougou Predominant Religion	Game show legends - snopes.com Game show legends 14 September 2007, 09:31 AM F.T.M Just got this in my Inbox, It's long but there's some right crackers in among 'em.... QUIZMANIA (ITV) Greg Scott: We're looking for an occupation beginning with 'T'. Contestant: Doctor. Scott: No, it's 'T'. 'T' for Tommy. 'T' for Tango. Contestant: Oh, right . . . (pause) . . . Doctor. DANNY KELLY SHOW (RADIO WM) Kelly: Which French Mediterranean town hosts a famous film festival every year? Contestant: I don't know, I need a clue. Kelly: OK. What do beans come in? Contestant: Cartons? BEG, BORROW OR STEAL (BBC2) Jamie Theakston: Where do you think Cambridge University is? Contestant: Geography isn't my strong point. Theakston: There's a clue in the title. Contestant: Leicester. Stewart White: Who had a worldwide hit with What A Wonderful World? Contestant: I don't know. White: I'll give you some clues: what do you call the part between your hand and your elbow? Contestant: Arm. White: Correct. And if you're not weak, you're...? Contestant: Strong. White: Correct - and what was Lord Mountbatten's first name? Contestant: Louis. White: Well, there we are then. So who had a worldwide hit with the song What A Wonderful World? Contestant: Frank Sinatra? Alex Trelinski: What is the capital of Italy? Contestant: France. Trelinski: France is another country. Try again. Contestant: Oh, um, Benidorm. Trelinski: Wrong, sorry, let's try another question. In which country is the Parthenon? Contestant: Sorry, I don't know. Trelinski: Just guess a country then. Contestant: Paris. Jeremy Paxman: What is another name for 'cherrypickers' and 'cheesemongers'? Contestant: Homosexuals. Paxman: No. They're regiments in the British Army who will be very upset with you. THE WEAKEST LINK (BBC2) Anne Robinson: Oscar Wilde, Adolf Hitler and Jeffrey Archer have all written books about their experiences in what: prison, or the Conservative Party? Contestant: The Conservative Party. DJ Mark: For Pounds 10, what is the nationality of the Pope? Ruth from Rowley Regis: I think I know that one. Is it Jewish? THE WEAKEST LINK Anne Robinson: In traffic, what 'J' is where two roads meet? Contestant: Jool carriageway? Bamber Gascoigne: What was Gandhi's first name? Contestant: Goosey? Presenter: What happened in Dallas on November 22, 1963? Contestant: I don't know, I wasn't watching it then. RTE RADIO 2FM (IRELAND) Presenter: What is the name of the long- running TV comedy show about pensioners: Last Of The ...? Caller: Mohicans. Greg Scott: We're looking for a word that goes in front of 'clock'. Contestant: Grandfather. Scott: Grandfather clock is already up there, say something else. Contestant: Panda. PHIL WOOD SHOW (BBC RADIO MANCHESTER) Phil: What's 11 squared? Phil: I'll give you a clue. It's two ones with a two in the middle. Contestant: Is it five? Q: Which American actor is married to Nicole Kidman? A: Forrest Gump. : On which street did Sherlock Holmes live? Contestant: Er . . . Presenter: Which is the largest Spanish-speaking country in the world? Contestant: Barcelona. Presenter: I was really after the name of a country. Contestant: I'm sorry, I don't know the names of any countries in Spain. RADIO 1 EARLY MORNING SHOW Presenter: How many toes would three people have in total? Contestant: 23. NOTTS AND CROSSES QUIZ (BBC RADIO NOTTINGHAM) Jeff Owen: In which country is Mount Everest? Contestant (long pause): Er, it's not in Scotland, is it? THE MICK GIRDLER SHOW (BBC RADIO SOLENT) Girdler: I'm looking for an island in the Atlantic whose name includes the letter 'e'. Contestant: Ghana. Girdler: No, listen. It's an island in the Atlantic Ocean. Contestant: New Zealand. Question: What is the world's largest continent? Contestant: The Pacific ROCK FM (PRESTON) Presenter: Name a film starring Bob Hoskins that is also the name of a famous painting by Leonardo Da Vinci. Contestant: Who Framed Roger Rabbit? THE BIGGEST GAME IN TOWN (ITV) Steve Le Fevre: What was signed to bring World War I to an end in 1918? Contestant: Magna Carta. O'Brien: How many kings of England have	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,789	Who is the present King of Jordan?	King of Jordan \| Current Head of State 10.04.2010 - 10:32 \| Tags: King \| Category: 1 Middle East dictators , All , Dictators , Kings , Middle East Leaders His Majesty King Abdullah II bin Al Hussein, King of Jordan His Majesty King Abdullah II bin Al Hussein is the 43rd generation direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). He assumed his constitutional powers as Monarch of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on February 7th, 1999, the day his father, the late King Hussein, passed away. Born in Amman on January 30th, 1962, King Abdullah II is the eldest son of His Majesty the late King Hussein and Her Royal Highness Princess Muna Al Hussein. He began his primary education at the Islamic Educational College in Amman, and later attended St. Edmund’s School in Surrey, England. For his secondary education, he attended Eaglebrook School and Deerfield Academy in the United States of America. He entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (U.K.) in 1980 and was commissioned as second Lieutenant in spring of 81. He then served as a Reconnaissance Troop Leader in the 13/18th Royal Hussars Regiment (British Army) in the U.K. (and West Germany). From 1985 to 1993 he served mainly in the Armourd Corps (3rd Division) in all related command appointments at platoon, company and as battalion second in command positions, until finally commanding the 2nd Armoured-Car regiment, 40th Armoured Brigade with the rank of lieutenant Colonel from January 1992 to January 1993. During this period he attended several military courses in the U.S. and the U.K. including Staff College Camberley (U.K.) 1990-1991. He also has several attachments to the Special Forces and a year as a tactics instructor with Jordan Army’s Anti-Tank, Cobra Helicopter Wing. The beginning of 1993 saw him as Deputy Commander of Jordanian Special Forces till he took full command in November 1993. He commanded these forces till October 1996, when he was instructed to re-organize this and other elite units into the Special Operations Command (SOCCOM). In 1998, as SOCCOM Commander, he was promoted to the rank of Major General and continued this command until the passing away of His Majesty King Hussein in February 1999. In addition to his career as an army officer, King Abdullah II served Jordan many times in the official capacity of Regent in the absence of the late King Hussein, and regularly traveled on official missions. He was proclaimed Crown Prince on the 24th of January 1999 by a Royal Decree. He had also assumed the position of Crown Prince at birth by a Royal Decree until April 1st, 1965. Since his ascension to the throne, King Abdullah II has continued his late father’s commitment to creating a strong and positive moderating role for Jordan within the Arab region and the world, and has worked towards the establishment of a just and lasting comprehensive solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict. King Abdullah II is committed to building on the late King’s legacy to further institutionalize democratic and political pluralism in Jordan. He has exerted extensive effort to insuring sustainable levels of economic growth and social development aimed at improving the standard of living of all Jordanians. He is also working towards modernizing Jordan’s information technology and educational systems. Under King Abdullah’s reign, Jordan was admitted to the World Trade Organization, and ratified agreements for the establishment of a Free Trade Area with the United States of America, the European Union, the European Free Trade Association countries, and sixteen Arab countries. King Abdullah II has also been involved in the drive for national administrative reform, as well as governmental transparency and accountability. He has been working on the advancement of civil liberties making Jordan one of the most progressive countries in the Middle East. Also, he has been involved in enacting the necessary legislations that guarantee women a full role in the Kingdom’s socio-economic and political life. King Abdullah II married Queen Rania on June 10th, 1993. The Royal Couple	General Knowledge Quiz - By Zarbo84 The fictional character John Clayton is better known by what name? La Paz is the administrative capital of which South American country? Actor Charles Buchinsky was better known by what name? The medical condition ‘aphonia’ is the inability to do what? In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was the king of which Island? Who played the title role in the 1953 film ‘The Glenn Miller Story’? A third wedding anniversary is traditionally represented by which material? In the Bible, what sign did God give Noah that the earth would not be flooded again? In August 2011 NASA announced that photographic evidence had been captured of possible liquid water of which planet in our solar system? The restored tomb of which dramatist was unveiled in Paris in November 2011, after being ruined by lipstick smears left by thousands of kisses? What was the name of the hurricane which hit the East Coast of America in August 2011? On 11th March 2011 a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of which country? Convict George Joseph Smith was known as the ‘Brides in the ‘what’ murderer’? In the human body, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known by what name? A peregrine is what type of bird? What is the name of the highly toxic protein obtained from the pressed seeds of the castor oil plant? Which British pop musician/actor was actress Sadie Frost’s first husband? British singer Gaynor Hopkins is better known by what name? Who played Ron Kovic in the 1989 film ‘Born on the Fourth of July’? Ben Gurion International Airport is in which country? Which basketball star is kidnapped by cartoon characters in the 1996 film ‘Space Jam’? In the tv series The A Team, what does B.A. stand for in the name B.A. Baracus? In medicine, metritis is the inflammation of which part of the body? In which year was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in the USA? In the human body, where is the atrium? The OK Corral is in which US town? In Greek mythology, Amphitrite, queen of the sea, was the wife of which god? Which British boxer bought one of the original ‘Only Fools and Horses’ Reliant Robins in 2004? Actor Roy Harold Scherer was better known by what name? Anna Gordy was the first wife of which late soul singer? Who played Heinrich Himmler in the 1976 film ‘The Eagle Has Landed’? Which is the fastest rotating planet in our solar system? Which country was invaded by Iraq in 1990? Cobalt, Cyan and Cerulean are shades of which colour? In 1936, Joseph Bowers was the first inmate to attempt an escape from which prison? In the 18th Century, the British Royal Navy ordered limes and lemons to be carried on board ships as a remedy for which disease? In which US state were the 1692 Witch Trials held? Question Who was the father of English monarch Edward VI? Vermicide is a substance used for killing which creatures? Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs were two elderly residents in which UK tv sitcom? Who was US actor Mickey Rooney’s first wife? The resort town of Sliema is on which Mediterranean island? In the Bible, what is the Decalogue more commonly known as? In Greek mythology, Hypnos was the god of what? Which real-life couple starred in the 1994 remake of the film ‘The Getaway’? American 1940′s murder victim Elizabeth Short was known by what posthumous nickname? British monarch Henry VIII married which of his wives in 1540? In February 1983 which US writer choked to death on the cap from a bottle of eye drops? Which US gangster was released from Alcatraz prison in November 1939? Who built the Roman wall which divided England and Scotland? In the human body, the hallux is more commonly known by what name? The liqueur Maraschino is flavoured with which fruit? Which famous US outlaw shot the cashier of a savings bank in Gallatin Missouri in 1869? Kathmandu is the capital of which country? TAP is the chief airline of which European country? In November 2002, which member of the British royal family was convicted and fined for violating the Dangerous Dogs Act? Tommy Lee plays which instrument in the band Motley Crue? The Wang River i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,790	Which unseeded player won this year's Ladies Australian Open Tennis Championship?	How often has an unseeded woman player gotten to/won the Finals in a Grand Slam tournament? \| Your athletic trainer Questions › tennis › How often has an unseeded woman player gotten to/won the Finals in a Grand Slam tournament? How often has an unseeded woman player gotten to/won the Finals in a Grand Slam tournament? 1 Of the 4 majors - Roland Garros (clay) seems to me to have produced the biggest share of "one slam wonders" or, players that only one 1 grand slam title. Some recent names that come to mind are Gaston Gaudio, Albert Costa and Andres Gomez. "Who?", you ask? Exactly. To answer your question: Clay: Favors "grinders" and players that are willing to play longer, more drawn out points. Since clay is a slower surface the ball doesn't move through the court as quickly and so players are able to move to get certain shots that wouldn't be as easy to get to on faster surfaces like hard courts. Players that move well and have great footwork also flourish on clay (like Nadal, Djokovic, Murray, etc.). Clay also tends to favor players from nations where clay is the most common court surface found and so the players "grew up" playing on it and were more familiar with how to play on it. Grass: Favors serve and volley players (though not as much now as it used to) and players... 0 0 2 My answer addresses tennis. Perhaps the most important advice is mental. If you want to improve, do not have an arrogant or superior mindset on court. Focus on improving yourself. If your partner is not able to consistently return your balls, you are essentially limited to polishing your own footwork, technique, accuracy, and feel. Otherwise, there are many additional things you can practice - depending on your own level. For low-level players, I suggest focusing on technique, footwork, and accuracy. For mid-level players, force yourself to work on the strokes you're less comfortable with e.g volleys, slices etc. Eliminating gaping weaknesses is the main obstacle to becoming a high(er)-level player. When you feel more-or-less comfortable everywhere in the court, work more on your feel. If you are a high-level player you will find it surprisingly difficult to play normally against much weaker opponents, since you'll have far less pace to work with. Given... 0 0 More 3 David Goffin is only 21 years old. It is hard to get past his age. Before his fourth-round match against Roger Federer, he mentioned that he used to have posters of his idol plastered on the walls of his childhood room. Who believed the posters weren’t still up, that he wasn’t still sleeping in that room? With his unaffected face, wide-set eyes, floppy blond hair, bony shoulders, and narrow chest, he makes a baby face like Ryan Harrison look geriatric. Goffin seemed just happy to be there. He was what’s known as a “lucky loser.” Ranked 109th in the world, he didn’t qualify for the main draw, sneaking in only when a player withdrew at the last minute, yet he had somehow made it into the second week at Roland Garros. Goffin hung with Federer — in fact, played better than Federer through the first set, winning it 7-5. Goffin struck the ball early, fearlessly, and threw himself into his swing with such force that his torso sometimes twisted in the air, his hair flying. He wasn’t afraid... 0 0 More 4 An unassuming 17-year-old Chinese-American Michael Chang, standing at just 5'7", had done well to reach the 1989 French Open fourth round against then three-time French Open winner Ivan Lendl. But Lendl was expected to dish out a tennis lesson. Chang had his back against the wall, and he would do something that became a part of tennis folklore. He baited Lendl with balloon balls and even used the under-arm serve. The normally ice-cold Lendl cracked under the pressure. A week later, Chang became the youngest male Grand Slam winner ever by defeating Stefan Edberg 6-1, 3-6, 4-6, 6-4, 6-2. A record that still stands. Please also read The 20 Worst Temper Tantrums in Tennis... 0 0 7 Story highlights Williams trailed 5-3 in first set Muguruza eased past Samantha Stosur Djokovic makes men's fin	Match Points: WTA Highlights from the 2016 Australian Open \| Moo's Tennis Blog Match Points: WTA Highlights from the 2016 Australian Open James / January 30, 2016 The first Grand Slam for the women is in the books after Angelique Kerber won her first Grand Slam title, beating Serena Williams in Saturday’s final. This is my tournament round-up, Match Points, picking out the most memorable moments of the Australian Open through tweets, pictures, GIFs, videos and plenty more… The Final Kerber d. S.Williams, 6-4 3-6 6-4 If there is a perfect photo, this is the one #AusOpen pic.twitter.com/ADMQs7cZRu — José Morgado (@josemorgado) January 30, 2016 Angelique Kerber is a Grand Slam champion… it’s slowly sinking in! This was my favourite match of the year so far. Kerber played a tremendous match, considering the circumstances and the opponent. She had to go for her shots to stand a chance and I think she did that for the most part, staying close to the baseline. Serena didn’t play her best and a big factor was her serve not firing but Kerber really did deserve this win. She picked off Serena at the net and even had the nerve to produce a pair of magical drop shots in a monumental game up 3-2 in the third set. This is the first ever time that Serena has lost a Grand Slam final in three sets and Kerber is now the world number two! She can only consolidate her position over the next few months with few points to defend up to Charleston… Tennis worth catching up with… Johanna Konta d. Ekaterina Makarova (4-6 6-4 8-6, R4) – A great match, super rallies and edge-of-your-seat tension. Agnieszka Radwanska d. Anna-Lena Friedsam (6-7(6) 6-1 7-5, R4) – Friedsam really took it to Radwanska and was so close to the upset. In particular, the first set was brilliant. Daria Gavrilova d. Kristina Mladenovic (6-4 4-6 11-9, R3) – Extra time finishes are always entertaining. Didn’t expect that to happen… Yulia Putintseva d. (16) Caroline Wozniacki, 1-6 7-6(3) 6-4 (R1) Qiang Wang d. (24) Sloane Stephens, 6-3 6-3 (R1) Johanna Konta d. (8) Venus Williams, 6-4 6-2 (R1) Shuai Zhang d. (2) Simona Halep, 6-4 6-3 (R1) Kateryna Bondarenko d. (23) Svetlana Kuznetsova, 6-1 7-5 (R2) Laura Siegemund d. (19) Jelena Jankovic, 3-6 7-6(5) 6-4 (R2) Anna-Lena Friedsam d. (13) Roberta Vinci, 0-6 6-4 6-4 (R3) Barbora Strycova d. (3) Garbiñe Muguruza, 6-3 6-2 (R3) (7) Angelique Kerber d. (14) Victoria Azarenka, 6-3 7-5 (QF) (7) Angelique Kerber d. (1) Serena Williams, 6-4 3-6 6-4 (Final) Pictures There are so many fabulous pictures from the trophy ceremony. THIS IS THE BEST. (via AP) pic.twitter.com/CoGS6TqTsc — Lindsay Gibbs (@linzsports) January 30, 2016 Here’s Shuai Zhang after winning her first ever Grand Slam main draw match. Shuai Zhang wins first ever GS MD match to upset #2 seed Halep. Oh tennis, the stories you provide.. pic.twitter.com/I0AuOIA1Tt — Jimmie48 Photography (@JJlovesTennis) January 19, 2016 And Zhang after winning her second match… Shuai Zhang continues remarkable #AusOpen run, upsets Hobart champ Cornet in R2 after kicking out Halep in R1 pic.twitter.com/mBjD4IM1cl — Jimmie48 Photography (@JJlovesTennis) January 21, 2016 And Zhang after winning her third match… The curious case of Shuai Zhang continues in Melbourne. From almost retired to R4 of a Grand Slam.. pic.twitter.com/s7AoYxw1UW — Jimmie48 Photography (@JJlovesTennis) January 23, 2016 And Zhang after winning her fourth match… that’s where the winning came to a halt for the Chinese player but what a super story. From Qs all the way into the QF. Shuai Zhang certainly is the story of this year’s #AusOpen pic.twitter.com/D2lfnSBnCw — Jimmie48 Photography (@JJlovesTennis) January 25, 2016 I LOVE this picture from the Kerber-Doi first round match. Kerber and Doi pic.twitter.com/m5P4ztVXvE — Kat (@katshearts) January 19, 2016 Poots looks like she is up for a fight! It was a 3:12hr test of will inside Hisense Arena and @Yulka1995P had the upper-hand against Wozniacki pic.twitter.com/nW1isWhb3j — Jimmie48 Photography (@JJlovesTennis) January 18, 2016 Laura Siegemund was happppy. — Jimmie48 Photography	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,791	What is the only malt whisky distilled on the Isle of Skye?	Talisker Distillery & Visitors Centre \| VisitScotland Talisker Distillery & Visitors Centre Isle Of Skye Highlands The only distillery on the Isle of Skye, set on the shores of Loch Harport with dramatic views of the Cuillins. This alluring, sweet, full-bodied single malt whisky is so easy to enjoy, and like Skye itself, so hard to leave. Classic tours available during opening times below - Adults £7.00, Children 8 - 17 year old £3.00, tour lasts approximately 45 minutes. Tasting Tour available Monday, Tuesday, Thursday & Friday (Subject to availability). This experience will start at 1.30pm and finish at 3.45pm to coincide with local buses running between Portree and the Distillery. The tour is £30 per person and we advise you book in advance to save disappointment. Enjoy the only Single Malt whisky from the Isle of Skye. Children under 8 years are welcome in our Visitor's Centre but are not admitted to the production areas Accessible parking or drop-off point Accessibility Accessible parking or drop-off point Lift or stairlift 1 Nov 2016 - 31 Mar 2017 Day 1 Apr 2017 - 31 May 2017 Day 1 Jun 2017 - 30 Jun 2017 Day 1 Jul 2017 - 31 Aug 2017 Day 1 Sep 2017 - 30 Sep 2017 Day 1 Oct 2017 - 31 Oct 2017 Day Skip to content Cookie Policy VisitScotland uses cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By using our website you consent to our use of cookies. Please read our new privacy and cookies statement for more information. I agree © 2017 VisitScotland. All rights reserved. You will now be directed to our partner's site to complete your booking Terms and conditions This booking system and any information appearing on this page relating to the availability of any accommodation is provided by third parties and not by VisitScotland. It is intended to provide real time availability information relating to accommodation which is also provided by third parties. You may use this booking system to place direct bookings with third party accommodation providers. Any booking you make will not be placed with VisitScotland and we will have no liability to you in respect of any booking. If you proceed to make a booking you will leave our Website and visit a website owned and operated by a third party. VisitScotland does not have any control over the content or availability of any external website. This booking system and any information appearing on this page is provided for your information and convenience only and is not intended to be an endorsement by VisitScotland of the content of such linked websites, the quality of any accommodation listed, or of the services of any third party.	Sgurr Alasdair (Walkhighlands) Sgurr Alasdair Hear pronunciation Press to hear pronunciation Sgurr Alasdair is the highest peak on Skye - and indeed, the highest UK island summit. The tiny summit is an amazing viewpoint but reaching it involves an arduous slog up scree. Terrain The Great Stone Chute is an extremely steep and loose scree chute whose ascent requires much effort and care. The final climb to the summit is a straightforward scramble. Public Transport None to start. Traveline Scotland . Start Parking at Glen Brittle above the beach. Map and directions . Hillwalking in Winter Please note that hillwalking when there is snow lying requires an ice-axe, crampons and the knowledge, experience and skill to use them correctly. All route descriptions and difficulties given here are for summer conditions. See our Winter Essentials page for basic information on the skills, techniques and knowledge needed for winter hillwalking. Users' reports As well as reading our description of each walking route, you can read about the experiences of others users on this walk and others. There are 22 user reports for this walk - click to read them. Write your own report - there's £90 to win at Webtogs each month Currently 3.43/5 Walk Description Stage 1 Park just before the campsite at the end of the Glen Brittle road. From here Sgurr Alasdair looks particularly impressive. The walk starts through the campsite and small gate to keep left of the toilet block and up the prominent path. Go straight across at a rough track. The early part of the route was once an eroded swamp, but following extensive works there is now an excellent pitched-stone constructed footpath. Stage 2 Ignore a path forking off to the right. As height is gained, great views open up of the Isle of Rum and, later, Eigg . At a large cairn keep straight ahead; from this point the going becomes much rougher. At one point the path heads up a gully between two slabs of rock, scrambling slightly. Stage 3 After the gully, the Loch is only short distance beyond. This is one of the most impressive places in Britain, with the small and beautiful blue lochan surrounded by great sweeps of rock. There are huge slabs, vertical precipices and gigantic stone chutes. Go round the loch to the left and begin the ascent of the most obvious worn scree fan, which is the foot of the Great Stone Chute. Stage 4 The lower part of the chute is extremely loose - very much a case of two steps forward, one back, helmets are a sensible precaution. Higher up the chute narrows dramatically and becomes steeper. On this upper section most of the smaller stones have gone and great care must be taken not to dislodge rocks onto any climbers below. Stage 5 The saddle at the very top of the stone chute will be a welcome sight. The ridge heading off to the right towards the summit looks fairly scary but turns out to be quite straightforward. The top itself is soon reached; at 992 metres this is the highest mountain on the Isle of Skye. It is named in honour of Sheriff Alexander Nicolson, the Skyeman who made the first ascent. Stage 6 The summit is dramatic - even smaller than that on Sgurr nan Gillean - and the view across the gulf of Coire Lagan to the Inaccessible Pinnacle is fantastic. The view in the other direction, over Coir a' Ghrunnda with its beautiful lochan, is equally fine, whilst a maze of sea and islands stretches away in all directions. Stage 7 The best descent route is to return by the route of ascent; the Stone Chute being a little easier in this direction. The ridge leading towards Sgurr Sgumain has a difficult section - very keen scramblers can ascend by this route as it could be hard to find in descent. Reaching Sgurr Sgumain from Glen Brittle is straightforward enough (either by the Sgumain stone chute or by ascending over Sron na Ciche). The difficult section is shortly after the Sgumain col when ascending towards Sgurr Alasdair; here an impasse in the ridge is avoided by heading out to the right on ledges before ascending a short chimney, though this is out of bounds except to keen scr	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,792	Which disease is also known as Variola?	Smallpox: Types, Symptoms & Treatments Read This Next What Is Smallpox? Smallpox is an extremely contagious and deadly virus for which there is no known cure. The last known case occurred in the United States in 1949 and due to worldwide vaccination programs, this disease has been completely eradicated. Smallpox is also known as variola. Since the time of ancient Egypt, smallpox has proven to be one of the most devastating diseases to humankind. Widespread smallpox epidemics and huge death tolls fill the pages of our history books. The first smallpox vaccine was created in 1758 . However, the disease continued to infect and kill people on a widespread basis for another 200 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) implemented a strict vaccination standard in order to slow the infection rate. The last known natural case occurred in 1977 in Somalia. By 1980 , the WHO declared that smallpox had been completely eradicated, although government and health agencies still have stashes of smallpox virus for research purposes. People no longer receive routine smallpox vaccinations. The smallpox vaccine can have potentially fatal side effects, so only the people who are at high risk of exposure get the vaccine. What Are the Symptoms of Smallpox? Historical accounts show that when someone was infected with the smallpox virus, they had no symptoms for between seven and 17 days. However, once the incubation period (or virus development phase) was over, the following flu-like symptoms occurred: high fever abdominal pain vomiting These symptoms would go away within two to three days. Then the patient would feel better. However, just as the patient started to feel better, a rash would appear. The rash started on the face and then spread to the hands, forearms, and the main part of the body. The person would be highly contagious until the rash disappeared. Within two days of appearance, the rash would develop into abscesses that filled with fluid and pus. The abscesses would break open and scab over. The scabs would eventually fall off, leaving pit mark scars. Until the scabs fell off, the person remained contagious. Types of Smallpox There were two common and two rare forms of smallpox. The two common forms were known as variola minor and variola major. Variola minor was a less fatal type of smallpox. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that only 1 percent of those infected died. However, it was less common than variola major. The CDC estimates that 90 percent of smallpox cases were variola major. Historically, this type of smallpox killed 30 percent of those infected. The two rare forms of smallpox were known as hemorrhagic and malignant. Both of these rare forms of smallpox carried a very high fatality rate. Hemorrhagic smallpox caused organs to leak blood into the mucous membranes and skin. Malignant smallpox lesions did not develop into pustules or pus-filled bumps on the skin. Instead, they remained soft and flat throughout the entire illness. How Do You Catch Smallpox? One of the reasons smallpox was so dangerous and deadly is because it’s an airborne disease. Airborne diseases tend to spread fast. Coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with any bodily fluids could spread the smallpox virus. In addition, sharing contaminated clothing or bedding could lead to infection. Treatment for Smallpox There is no cure for the smallpox virus. As a result of worldwide, repeated vaccination programs, the variola virus (smallpox) has been completely eradicated. The only people considered to be at risk for smallpox are researchers who work with it in a laboratory setting. In the unlikely event that an exposure to the smallpox virus occurs, vaccination within one to three days can keep the illness from being so severe. In addition, antibiotics can help to reduce the bacterial infections associated with the virus. Article Resources Article resources Riedel, S. (2005, January). Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. Proceedings of Baylor University Medical Center, 18(1), 21-25. Retrieved from http://www.	The Battle for Virunga, Africa's Oldest National Park The Battle for Africa's Oldest National Park The mystery surrounding a wounded conservationist, and the fight for war-torn Virunga The waters of Lake Edward have finally grown calm as Josué Kambasu revs his pirogue's outboard motor, steering the craft past the local pod of hippos before heading toward the fishing boats returning with their previous night's catch. Kambasu, the head of a local fishermen's cooperative, has invited me on an early morning tour of the lake—located within Virunga National Park in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Plagued by decades of overfishing, he tells me, Edward's stocks of tilapia, bagrid catfish, and the eel-like protopteur have begun to recover. To prove it, he’s hoping to show me pêche de Merode—local slang for a bumper catch and a testament to the park’s chief warden, Emmanuel de Merode, whose strong enforcement of fishing regulations has helped drive the industry’s revival. NG Staff Despite de Merode's popularity on the lake, it's a sensitive time to be discussing his record. Two weeks earlier, on April 15, the 44-year-old Belgian had been ambushed while driving to Virunga's Rumangabo headquarters, shot by unknown gunmen. Although he was widely admired for upholding the law in a region long defined by lawlessness, his work also had given him many enemies: poachers, illegal charcoal harvesters, and members of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), a rebel militia founded by the ethnic Hutu perpetrators of Rwanda's 1994 genocide who have long hunted the park's animals for bush meat, cut down its trees, and built bases in its vast remote areas. Along the way, they have often clashed with park rangers and raped and looted local populations. In addition, de Merode had been a leading critic of oil exploration inside the park, currently being carried out by London-based Soco International. Under a contract signed with the DRC government in 2010, Soco has access to a block of land that includes 1,500 square miles of the park—roughly 50 percent—including much of Virunga's southern and central sectors and the two-thirds of Lake Edward that falls within the DRC's borders. Fishermen haul in their nets near the southern shores of Lake Edward in the village of Vitshumbi. They, along with some 20,000 other residents of Vitshumbi, rely on the lake’s resources to earn a living. Photograph by Brent Stirton, Getty Images On May 1, as de Merode was recovering from the shooting in Nairobi, Kenya, and preparing for his eventual return to the park three weeks later, Soco contractors began recording seismic data from the lake floor. In the coming weeks, data they collect will be used to determine whether there are underground formations that might hold extractable oil. It's a prospect, Kambasu tells me, that worries many in his home village of Vitshumbi, located at the southern end of Lake Edward. Almost entirely dependent on fishing, Vitshumbi's 20,000 residents fear a future of invasive rigs, polluted waters, and disrupted fish-spawning zones. But they also worry about potential violence, which has plagued the area for 20 years as multiple militia groups (some backed by neighboring countries) have fought the Congolese military and each other. Now the villagers see potential threats from powerful political actors vying for a piece of possible oil contracts; by armed groups targeting oil infrastructure for profit; and by local youths who, like many across the region, can't find work and often join militias out of desperation. For now, though, there's little Vitshumbi's fishermen can do but cast their nets and hope. Blocked off Virunga National Park stretches along the Albertine Rift in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and includes parts of Lake Edward’s shore. Almost two-thirds of the lake and about half of the park are within Block 5, an oil and gas exploration area accessible to Soco International. NG Staff. Source: Soco International Emmanuel de Merode was driving to Rumangabo station from Goma on	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,793	What did Henry Cavendish describe as 'inflammable air'?	Henry Cavendish - Chemistry Encyclopedia - water, gas, name, mass Henry Cavendish - Chemistry Encyclopedia 1731–1810 English chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish, who discovered hydrogen. Henry Cavendish, born in Nice, France to an aristocratic English family, was an avid and excellent experimenter. At the age of forty, he inherited an immense fortune that afforded him the luxury of pursuing his scientific interests (he was described by some as the "richest of all the learned and the most learned of all the rich"). He was an extraordinarily odd man, whose extreme shyness rendered him a virtual recluse. Despite this, he is remembered as a great, albeit humble, man who devoted his life to science. Cavendish explored all areas of science, including astronomy, optics, electricity, geology, and pure mathematics. Among his accomplishments are the first calculation of Earth's mass (his results were just 10% off modern measurements) and the introduction of the concept of voltage . His principal interest nevertheless was experimental chemistry. His most famous contribution to science was the discovery and description of the properties of hydrogen and its status as a constituent element in water. Cavendish, like many before him, noticed that a gas was produced when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid. He called this gas "inflammable air" (known today as hydrogen). Using his exacting experimental skills, Cavendish was the first to distinguish this inflammable air from ordinary air and to investigate its specific properties. He presented a paper detailing his findings in 1766. The importance of inflammable air became clear about fifteen years after Cavendish presented his paper. Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) was also interested in gases, and in 1781 told Cavendish of the results of some of his own experiments. When Priestley used an electrostatic machine to spark ordinary air with inflammable air, he noticed that water was formed. Cavendish repeated this experiment, as well as others like it, but using oxygen (or, as he called it, "dephlogisticated air") in place of ordinary air. Cavendish's results were the same as Priestley's, but he did not publish or present his findings. Sometime before 1783, however, Cavendish did advise Priestley of his results. Priestley told Charles Blagden, secretary of the Royal Society in London, and Blagden in turn informed Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794) in France. Cavendish did eventually publish his findings on the formation of water in 1784. But Lavoisier claimed that he had discovered how water was formed—in fact, it was Lavoisier who coined the name "hydrogen," which means "water former." It was not until the mid-nineteenth century, when Cavendish's notebooks were published, that he was given sole credit for discovering that water is composed of inflammable air and dephlogisticated air, or hydrogen and oxygen. As may be seen in his collaborative work with Priestley in the investigation of the composition of water, Cavendish did not allow his natural shyness to impede his work. The relationship between him and Priestley demonstrates not only Cavendish's devotion to science, but the general cooperative nature of scientific investigation. By sharing the results of their separate experiments, these two great scientists were able to discover the composition of water. For all of his scientific genius, Cavendish was a pronounced eccentric. He rarely left his house except for weekly meetings of the Royal Society, and even there, despite being one of the most famous scientists of his time, he was known to linger outside the meeting room and enter only when he thought no one would notice. He could barely tolerate the company of women; if any of his female servants happened to cross his path, she was likely to be fired.	Atoms \| Qi-Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia's article " QI (A series) " (view authors here or here ). The main component of air is nitrogen, which accounts for 78% of air. Only just under 21% is oxygen and 3/100ths of 1% is carbon dioxide. [1] [2] The most boring place in Great Britain is a field outside Ousefleet, near Scunthorpe, according to the 1:50,000 Ordnance Survey map. It is the blankest square kilometre in the country, with only part of an electricity pylon in it. Alan suggested Salisbury Plain, forgetting that Stonehenge is on Salisbury Plain. Alan's uncle stood on a land mine on Salisbury Plain during his national service. In 1983, with the aid of a sofa and a hot water bottle, Barbara Cartland wrote 23 novel s, which broke the record for the most novels written in one year. She was buried in a Corrugated cardboard coffin beneath an oak tree planted by Queen Elizabeth I. At her funeral, all the funeral-goers were given a leaf of the tree as a memento. She also said, "I'll keep writing until my face falls off". Clive James once compared Barbara Cartland's face to two crow s that had crashed into the White cliffs of Dover. The ozone layer is fifteen miles (24 km) above the Earth's surface. Ozone smells faintly of geraniums. Film critic John Simon described Walter Matthau as resembling "a half-melted rubber bulldog ". Atom s contain mostly empty space. Ernest Rutherford described the centre of an atom as "flies in a cathedral ". The simplest atom is hydrogen, which has a nucleus with one proton, surrounded by one electron. If the proton was the size of a drawing pin, the electron would be the size of a pinhead and would be one kilometre away. A hydrogen atom has more frequencies than a piano has notes. The discoverer of the hydrogen atom and the inventor of the grand piano lived just 3 minutes away from each other in Soho. General Ignorance This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia's article " QI (A series) " (view authors here or here ). King Henry VIII technically had either Wives of three or four wives, [3] depending on the source. His marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled, the Pope declared his marriage with Anne Boleyn to be void as he was still married to Catherine of Aragon, and the marriage to Catherine of Aragon was declared void by Henry himself (as the new head of the Church of England) as it was illegal to marry the widow of one's brother (Catherine had previously been married to Henry's older brother Arthur). After his death, while being moved to Westminster Abbey, the king's body swelled in the heat and exploded. The word silver rhymes with the English word 'chilver', [4] which is an ewe lamb. All diamond s are created beneath the Earth's surface, and brought to the surface in volcano es. [5] Only 20 countries in the world make diamonds. South Africa is the fifth biggest behind Australia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Botswana and Russia. Diamonds and graphite are both made of pure carbon, but appear at opposite ends of the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Diamond has a score of ten, while graphite's score is around 1.2. When travelling through sodium at -270 degrees, light slows to 38 miles per hour. The speed of light is only constant in a vacuum at 186,000 miles per second. Going through diamonds, the speed of light is only 80,000 miles per second. A chameleon changes colour depending [6] on its mood, temperature and emotions like fear. Their eyes can swivel independently, and it was once believed that they lived on air. Forfeits ↑ Oxygen, said by Davies (-10 points) ↑ Carbon dioxide would have been a -3000 point forfeit, although nobody said this. ↑ Six	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,794	Who or what was Wilberforce who retired from 10 Downing Street In 1987	Wilberforce (cat) brought to you by PhotosofCats Named after William Wilberforce Wilberforce was a cat who lived at 10 Downing Street between 1973 and 1987 and served under four British Prime Ministers: Edward Heath, Harold Wilson, Jim Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher. His chief function was to catch mice, in which role he was the successor to Petra. In life he had been referred to as "the best mouser in Britain" as fit his role. According to Bernard Ingham, the former press secretary to Margaret Thatcher, Wilberforce was a normal cat for whom Thatcher once bought "a tin of sardines in a Moscow supermarket". On the BBC coverage of the 1983 general election, presenter Esther Rantzen was allowed to hold Wilberforce and introduce him to viewers. He retired on 3 April 1987, and was succeeded by Humphrey who was born in 1988, the year Wilberforce died. This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Wilberforce (cat) , which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 . Available on eBay	Do you know...? Do you know...? 1. Over which country did Pan Am flight 103 crash in December 88? 2. Who sang about his Prerogative in the 1980s? 3. Which all-girl group had 80s No 1s with Walk Like An Egyptian and Eternal Flame? 4. Which sitcom, premiered in 1988, featured Dr. Harry Weston? 5. The 1980 Olympics were boycotted because of the USSR's invasion of which country? 6. What kind of Boys had an 80s No 1 with West End Girls? 7. Anwar Sadat was President of which country when he died in 1981? 8. What kind of disaster claimed some 100,000 lives in Armenia in 1988? 9. Where in the Ukraine was there a nuclear explosion in 1986? 10. Which President of the Philippines was deposed in 1986? 11. The increasing scarcity of elephants and rhinos led to a 1989 ban on which substance? I'll post the answers on Friday..... shockhazard Over which country did Pan Am flight 103 crash in December 88? A: Scotland. Who sang about his Prerogative in the 1980s? A: Bobby Brown. Which all-girl group had 80s No 1s with Walk Like An Egyptian and Eternal Flame? A: Bangles. Which sitcom, premiered in 1988, featured Dr. Harry Weston? A: Empty Nest. The 1980 Olympics were boycotted because of the USSR's invasion of which country? A: Afghanistan. What kind of Boys had an 80s No 1 with West End Girls? A: Pet Shop Boys. Anwar Sadat was President of which country when he died in 1981? A: Egypt. What kind of disaster claimed some 100,000 lives in Armenia in 1988? A: Earthquake. Where in the Ukraine was there a nuclear explosion in 1986? A: Chernobyl. Which President of the Philippines was deposed in 1986? A: Marcos. The increasing scarcity of elephants and rhinos led to a 1989 ban on which substance? A: Ivory. Where ever you go, there you are.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,795	Which creature has three species: plains, mountain and Grevy's?	1000+ images about Zebra, Zebras, plains zebra, the Grévy's zebra, mountain zebra on Pinterest \| Unique, Habitats and Stripes Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas Zebra, Zebras, plains zebra, the Grévy's zebra, mountain zebra Zebra, Zebras are several species of African equids (horse family) united by their distinctive black and white stripes. Their stripes come in different patterns, unique to each individual. There are three species of zebras: the plains zebra, the Grévy's zebra and the mountain zebra. various anthropogenic factors have had a severe impact on zebra populations, in particular hunting for skins and habitat destruction. Grévy's zebra and the mountain zebra are endangered. 106 Pins803 Followers	New species of extinct human 'Homo naledi' found in South African cave New species of extinct human 'Homo naledi' found in South African cave Putin doubts Trump met with Moscow prostitutes Play Video New humanoid species found in South Africa New humanoid species found in South Africa Scientists say newly discovered Homo naledi buried their dead, a practice once believed to be exclusive to Homo sapiens. Up Next Putin doubts Trump met with Moscow prostitutes Play Video Putin doubts Trump met with Moscow ... Putin doubts Trump met with Moscow prostitutes At a news conference in Moscow, Russian President Vladimir Putin says he doubts US President-elect Donald Trump met with prostitutes in a Moscow hotel room, referring to an unverified dossier published last week. Up Next Avalanche hits hotel in central Italy Play Video Avalanche hits hotel in central Italy Avalanche hits hotel in central Italy Rescue workers struggle to find survivors in an Italian mountain hotel, after tremors triggered an avalanche on the building. Up Next Iranian building collapses after catching fire Play Video Iranian building collapses after catching fire It's unknown how many people have been killed after Tehran's iconic Plasco building caught fire and collapsed. Up Next Elizabeth Warren slams Betsy DeVos Play Video Elizabeth Warren slams Betsy DeVos Democrats pick apart President-elect's education secretary nominee Betsy DeVos over her lack of experience with financial aid. Up Next Obama 'worried about the Israel-Palestine issue' Play Video Obama 'worried about the Israel-Palestine ... Obama 'worried about the Israel-Palestine issue' President Barack Obama says he remains worried the prospects for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are waning due to growing Israeli settlement of the West Bank, saying the "status quo is unsustainable". Up Next Obama wishes Bushes well, defends free press Play Video Obama wishes Bushes well, defends free ... Obama wishes Bushes well, defends free press In his final news conference, President Barack Obama wishes former President George Bush Snr and Barbara Bush well after news that both were hospitalized before emphasising the need for a free press. Up Next Obama defends commuting Chelsea Manning's sentence Play Video Obama defends commuting Chelsea Manning's ... Obama defends commuting Chelsea Manning's sentence President Barack Obama defends his decision to commute the sentence of convicted intelligence leaker Chelsea Manning, telling reporters at his final press conference that "justice has been served." More videos New humanoid species found in South Africa Scientists say newly discovered Homo naledi buried their dead, a practice once believed to be exclusive to Homo sapiens. On Thursday an international research team announced they had recovered more than 1500 bones, belonging to at least 15 skeletons. The expedition leader, Lee Berger, from the University of the Witwatersrand, said the bones are from a previously unknown early species of the human genus, Homo. SHARE Remarkable find: fossil fragments of a relative of the human species found in Africa. Photo: National Geographic These long-lost cousins have been named Homo naledi. As yet there is no age for the fossils. "We don't know how old these fossils are," Dr Berger said. Advertisement "But based on its anatomy, H. naledi clearly sits near or at the root of the Homo genus," he said. The fossil treasure trove was uncovered in the belly of a cave system known as Rising Star, part of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site in South Africa. SHARE Bones from the newly discovered species of ancient human. Photo: eLife To recover the haul about 60 cavers, including six specialist "underground astronauts", descended into the 30-metre-deep cave. The fossils were recovered in a narrow passage which may suggest the skeletons were deliberately placed there by members of their clan. SHARE Research suggests individuals were, on average, 1.5 metres tall. Photo: AP "Nothing is certain at this early stage, but a lot of the evidence points to the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,796	Apart from the Sun, which is the nearest star to our planet?	The Cosmic Distance Scale The Cosmic Distance Scale The Nearest Star About the Image The image on the preceding page was created to demonstrate that Alpha Centauri is not a star , but really a star system. Of the three stars in the system, the dimmest - called Proxima Centauri - is actually the nearest star to the Earth. The two bright stars, called Alpha Centauri A and B form a close binary system; they are separated by only 23 times the Earth - Sun distance. This is slightly greater than the distance between Uranus and the Sun. The Alpha Centauri system is not visible from much of the northern hemisphere. The below image shows this star system and other objects near it in the sky. Image Credit for Alpha Centauri photo: Copyright Akira Fujii / David Malin Images. Distance Information Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our own, is still 40,208,000,000,000 km away. (Or about 268,770 AU .) When we talk about the distances to the stars, we no longer use the AU, or Astronomical Unit; commonly, the light year is used. A light year is the distance light travels in one year - it is equal to 9.461 x 1012 km. Alpha Centauri A & B are roughly 4.35 light years away from us. Proxima Centauri is slightly closer at 4.25 light years. How Do We Calculate Distances of This Magnitude? The methods astronomers use to measure distances to the stars are pieces of fundamental and active work in astronomy with important implications for how we understand the Universe around us. One of the most accurate methods astronomers use to measure distances to stars is called parallax . If you hold your finger in front of your face and close one eye and look with the other, then switch eyes, you'll see your finger seem to "shift " with respect to more distant objects behind it. This is because your eyes are separated from each other by a few inches - so each eye sees the finger in front of you from a slightly different angle. The amount your finger seems to shift is called its "parallax". Astronomers can measure parallax by measuring the position of a nearby star very carefully with respect to more distant stars behind it, then measuring those positions again six months later when the Earth is on the opposite side of its orbit . If the star is close enough to us, a measurable parallax will be seen: the position of the star relative to the more distant background stars will have shifted. The shift is tiny - less than an arcsecond even for the nearest star. (An arcsecond is 1/60 of an arcminute, which is 1/60 of a degree.) (Imagine the Universe has more information on calculating parallax.) Image Credit: Imagine the Universe, NASA/GSFC Why Are These Distances Important To Astronomers? Stars are not actually stationary objects! The Galaxy is rotating, and the stars are in orbit around its center. Not every star moves at the same rate - how fast they orbit can depend on where the star is located within the Galaxy. Our Sun, being fairly far from the Galactic Center, takes over 200 million years to circle the Galaxy once. Some of the stars near us are moving faster than us, and some slower. As Phil Plaitt, from Bad Astronomy says, "...like cars on a highway, stars continually pass each other as they orbit the Galaxy. They change positions, slowly, but measurably." Image Credit: Frog Rock Observatory, public domain and copyright-free. This animation by Frog Rock Observatory shows the movement of Barnard's Star across the sky from 1985 to 2005. Barnard's Star is approaching the Sun so rapidly that around 11,700 AD, it will be 3.8 light years from the Sun - and thus the closest star to our own! ( Garcia-Sanchez, et al, 2001 ) Travel Time The Voyager 1 spacecraft is on an interstellar mission. It is traveling away from the Sun at a rate of 17.3 km/s. If Voyager were to travel to Proxima Centauri, at this rate, it would take over 73,000 years to arrive. If we could travel at the speed of light , an impossibility due to Special Relativity , it would still take 4.22 years to arrive! Why Can't We Travel Faster Than the Speed Of Light? According to Special	What is this thing? Photo by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio I’m not a big fan of definitions in astronomy. I’ve been pretty clear about this in the past ; Nature is way less anal about boundary lines than humans are. Borders between categories of objects are fuzzy, and while it’s OK to put things in boxes (Jupiter is a planet, the Sun is a star, the Milky Way is a galaxy), it can get tougher when you have two similar objects that you nevertheless think should be on opposite sides of the line. It can be confusing. And then you have what happened on QVC recently. Advertisement QVC is an online and TV shopping channel. Recently, host Shawn Killinger was featuring a line of cardigans by designer Isaac Mizrahi. She described the pattern on one: “It almost kind of looks like what the Earth looks like when you’re a bazillion miles away from the planet moon.” To her credit she laughs at herself and says she just meant to say “looking back at the planet from the Moon,” not “planet moon”. But then the conversation takes an odd turn . Watch: Killinger at first correctly says the Sun is a star, and the Moon is not a star. But then Mizrahi says the Moon is a planet, and she questions that, saying the Moon was never included when you learn the planets. She also goes back to saying it’s a star. Someone off screen then gets on Google, and says “the Moon is a natural satellite.” This confuses both Killinger and Mizrahi, who then quickly move on to selling more clothes. Advertisement Let me cut through the confusion: The Sun is a star, a huge object that has ongoing nuclear fusion in its core. At the lower mass limit, the definition of “star” can get fuzzy , but the Sun is way to one side of that line, so we’re good. Is the Moon a star? No. No fusion in its core, and not even close. It’s not a star. Is the Moon a planet? Well, not really, as a planet is an object that orbits a star, and the Moon orbits the Earth (and yes, wannabe pedants, it really does orbit the Earth and not the Sun ). A satellite is a generic term for an object that orbits another object. You could say the Earth is a satellite of the Sun and be technically correct, though that’s not usually how the term is used. The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth; it orbits Earth, and is not artificial. Another term for “satellite” is (lowercase M) moon, so the Moon is a moon. A weather satellite is then an artificial moon. Advertisement Phil Plait writes Slate’s Bad Astronomy blog and is an astronomer, public speaker, science evangelizer, and author of Death From the Skies! Advertisement By the definition decreed by the IAU, a planet orbits the Sun. But each component of a binary planet orbits the other one. So are they a planet, or two planets, or two satellites, or what? I could argue any and all of these. The fact that the definition falls apart so easily is a pretty good indication that using a definition is a bad idea in the first place. The center of mass of the Earth-Moon system is inside the Earth, so we can safely say the Moon orbits the Earth. But if the Moon were a bit more massive, it wouldn’t be quite so clear. Ceres , the largest asteroid, was thought to be a planet for a few years before it got reclassified into the new category of “asteroid.” And it’s way smaller than the Moon. What if the Earth didn’t exist? The Moon is pretty big, and if it orbited the Sun where the Earth is now, would we call it a planet? I don’t think so, since according to the IAU definition, a planet has to be massive enough to gravitationally affect all the objects that share nearby orbits (it’s “cleared the neighborhood around its orbit” is how it’s confusingly stated), and I think the Moon would fail that criterion. But that’s not a great definition either, to be honest. It’s complicated and weird and still mighty fuzzy along the borders. My gut feeling is that if we saw a solar system exactly like ours, but with a Moon-sized thing where the Earth is now, we might call it a planet. Happily, I have a brain as well as my gut, and my brain says, “So w	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,797	Which shop did Anita Roddick open in Brighton in 1976, leading to a highly successful chain of stores now trading in over 40 countries worldwide?	The Body Shop International Case Study Business Essay The Body Shop International Case Study Business Essay Published: Last Edited: 23rd March, 2015 This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. The Body Shop International (Body Shop) is a multinational company which is mainly producing ecological skin and hair products.The company offers over 1200 naturally produced healthy and beauty products generally target at woman. The products focus is shampoos, conditioners, bath products, soaps and skin creams but also includes fragrance, spa products, and beauty-related accessories. Their products are solely based on natural ingredients and manufactured according to an ethical code which is opposed to animal testing. The cosmetics franchise is considered to be one of the biggest around the globe with a well established reputation in 54 countries. L'Oreal, the dominant company in the beauty industry, acquired Body shop in 2006. Although Body Shop has become a subsidiary of L'Oreal S.A it still acts according to its own policy, values and ethical code. The acquisition has solved Body Shop's financial problems and has provided the means for expansion to a bigger market share.(1*************) The updations since the case study was written can be summarised as: In 2002 Anita Ruddick launched her own website "www.AnitaRoddick.com" in 2001 and an activism portal "www.TakeItPersonally.org" in 2004. At that time number of shops were were1500 Body shop but nowit exceeded over 2500. During 2003 The Body Shop launched a global campaign to raise awareness and funds to help those affected by domestic violence. The Stop Violence in the Home campaign builds on almost a decade of campaigning on the issue in a number of markets, including Canada, the USA, and West Malaysia. The campaign aims to highlight the issue, raise money to support the work of groups. . In 2007 The Body Shop join forces with MTV in a new brand partnership to raise funds and awareness about HIV and AIDS amongst young people, through the Spray to Change campaign. The money raised goes to the Staying Alive Foundation, a charity who fund with grass roots organizations raising awareness and educating young and at-risk groups about HIV and AIDS .(1*************)(2) . Task 2 A brief review and discussion on company's key acheivements and significant changes over the last few years and how the company has adopted to emerging themes like corporate social responsibility ,ethical marketing, globalisation,etc. 800 words Significant Changes: The first The Body Shop store was opened by Anita Rodrick on 26th March 1976 in Brighton, on the south coast of England. It was declared a public company in 1985 and soon after that it created an Environmental Projects Department of its own. The first Community Trade product of The Body Shop was a Footsie Roller which was produced in 1986 by a supplier in southern India. In 2006, as part of the ongoing Stop Violence in the Home and for conducting the study on domestic violence against children, The Body Shop created a partnership with UNICEF and the United Nations Secretary-General's Study on Violence against Children. The Body Shop becomes part of the L'Oréal Group and de-listed from the London Stock Exchange on July 12 2006. It operates independently within the L'Oréal Group and was led by the current management team of The Body Shop. Key acheivements The body shop was the first international cosmetics company to sign up to the Humane Cosmetics Standard, supported by leading international animal protection groups. The Body Shop Values Reports are recognized (1995 & 1997) as trailblazing by United Nations Environmental Program and Sustainability, and ranked highest in their review of International Corporate Environmental Reports. The Body Shop is the first global retailer to join the Board of the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil, working with NGOs and plantations to prot	Artist Shop Domestic Titles - The Latest Releases ARTIST SHOP DOMESTIC TITLES Videos All Things Must Pass: The Story of Tower Records DVD $17.99 Established in 1960, Tower Records was once a retail powerhouse with 200 stores, in 30 countries, on five continents. From humble beginnings in a small-town drugstore, Tower Records eventually became the heart and soul of the music world, and a powerful force in the music industry. In 1999, Tower Records made an astounding $1 billion. In 2006, the company filed for bankruptcy. What went wrong? Everyone thinks they know what killed Tower Records: The Internet. But that's not the story. Directed by Colin Hanks, and featuring music icons like Dave Grohl, Elton John and Bruce Springsteen, All Things Must Pass is a feature documentary film examining this iconic company's explosive trajectory, tragic demise, and legacy forged by its rebellious founder Russ Solomon. Ayreon - The Theater Equation Blu-Ray $18.99 Ayreon is the brainchild of producer Arjen Lucassen and composed of a superstar cast of progressive rock musicians. Contributors include James LaBrie (Dream Theater) and Anneke van Giersbergen (solo artist, Devin Townsend Project, The Gentle Storm, ex-The Gathering). This is a truly special moment for Ayreon, as they had never performed live before in 20 years. The make up of the group consisted of too many active touring artists. Over the course of four sold-out shows in September 2015 Ayreon had their first and last ever performances. On the last night they filmed a performance of their legendary album 'The Human Equation' in Rotterdam. Beach Boys - The Beach Boys: Pet Sounds Classic Album DVD $16.99 Beach Boys - The Beach Boys: Pet Sounds Classic Album Blu-Ray $22.99 The latest addition to the acclaimed & award winning Classic Albums series tells the story behind the making of The Beach Boys ground breaking album Pet Sounds, which celebrates it's 50th anniversary this year. Pet Sounds was recorded in late 1965 and early 1966, about a year after Brian Wilson had withdrawn from playing live with The Beach Boys in order to concentrate on composing and studio work. While the rest of the band were out on tour, Brian Wilson worked in the studio creating multi-layered compositions with painstaking attention to detail utilizing orchestration, sound effects and unusual instruments. When the band returned from tour they went into the studio to add their trademark complex vocal harmonies. - The new direction of the music caused some consternation within the group and the program explores the band's relationship at this time as well as the creation of the music through interviews with all the surviving Beach Boys and others involved in the creation of the album. The US press didn't know what to make of the album at first, although it later became acknowledged as both important and influential. In the UK the album was immediately acclaimed and commercially successful, peaking at No. 2 in the albums chart and remaining in the Top 10 for 6 months. Pet Sounds is now universally regarded as one of the finest albums of the sixties and thoroughly merits it's place in the Classic Albums series. Beatles - Beatles: Scream And Shout DVD $17.99 Six months after their triumphant first U.S. visit in February, 1964 which included their live American television debut on The Ed Sullivan Show The Beatles returned to the States for their first full-fledged North American tour. Starting on August 19, 1964 in San Francisco, they traversed the country. Playing to a half-million fans, breaking attendance records and causing mass hysteria wherever they appeared. By the time the tour ended in New York City on September 20th, they'd performed 32 shows at 25 venues in 24 cities - all in just 31 days. Bowie, David - Bowie: The Man Who Changed the World DVD $13.99 Only true legends of rock music are known by one word. As with "Elvis" everyone knows the name of the most creative and influential rock artist of all time: BOWIE. Bowie was in a state of permanent revolution, constantly re-inventing his persona and sound.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,798	As it 2006, who is the most nominated male actor in Oscar history?	Actors with the most Academy Awards Nominations Of History in the Oscars Jack Nicholson in Easy Rider (Best Actor in Supporting Role Oscar Nomination in 1969) Jack Nicholson in Five Easy Pieces (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1970) Jack Nicholson in The Last Detail (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1973) Jack Nicholson in Chinatown (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1974) JACK NICHOLSON in ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1975) Jack Nicholson in Reds (Best Actor in Supporting Role Oscar Nomination in 1981) JACK NICHOLSON in TERMS OF ENDEARMENT (Best Actor in Supporting Role Academy Award Winner in 1983) Jack Nicholson in Prizzi's Honor (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1985) Jack Nicholson in Ironweed (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1987) Jack Nicholson in A Few Good Men (Best Actor in Supporting Role Oscar Nomination in 1992) JACK NICHOLSON in AS GOOD AS IT GETS (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1997) Jack Nicholson in About Schmidt (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 2002) 10 Laurence Olivier in Wuthering Heights (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1939) Laurence Olivier in Rebecca (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1940) Laurence Olivier in Henry V (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1946) LAURENCE OLIVIER in HAMLET (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1948) Laurence Olivier in Richard III (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1956) Laurence Olivier in The Entertainer (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1960) Laurence Olivier in Othello (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1965) Laurence Olivier in Sleuth (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1972) Laurence Olivier in Marathon Man (Best Actor in Supporting Role Oscar Nomination in 1976) Laurence Olivier in The Boys From Brazil (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1978) 9 Spencer Tracy in San Francisco (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1936) SPENCER TRACY in CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1937) SPENCER TRACY in BOYS TOWN (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1938) Spencer Tracy in Father of the Bride (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1950) Spencer Tracy in Bad Day at Black Rock (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1955) Spencer Tracy in The Old Man and the Sea (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1958) Spencer Tracy in Inherit the Wind (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1960) Spencer Tracy in Judgment at Nuremberg (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1961) Spencer Tracy in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1967) Paul Newman (1 Oscar) Paul Newman in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1958) Paul Newman in The Hustler (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1961) Paul Newman in Hud (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1963) Paul Newman in Cool Hand Luke (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1967) Paul Newman in Absence of Malice (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1981) Paul Newman in The Verdict (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1982) PAUL NEWMAN in THE COLOR OF MONEY (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1986) Paul Newman in Nobody's Fool (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1994) Paul Newman in Road to Perdition (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 2002) 8 Marlon Brando in A Streetcar Named Desire (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1951) Marlon Brando in Viva Zapata! (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1952) Marlon Brando in Julius Caesar (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1953) MARLON BRANDO in ON THE WATERFRONT (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1954) Marlon Brando in Sayonara (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1957) MARLON BRANDO in THE GODFATHER (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1972) Marlon Brando in Last Tango in Paris (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1973) Marlon Brando in A Dry White Season (Best Actor in Supporting Role Oscar Nomination in 1989) Jack Lemmon (2 Oscars) JACK LEMMON in MISTER ROBERTS (Best Actor in Supporting Role Academy Award Winner in 1955) Jack Lemmon in Some Like It Hot (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1959) Jack Lemmon in The Apartment (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1960) Jack Lemmon in Days of Wine and Roses (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1962) JACK LEMMON in SAVE THE TIGER (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1973) Jack Lemmon in The China Syndrome (	1988 Academy Awards® Winners and History Working Girl (1988) Actor: DUSTIN HOFFMAN in "Rain Man", Gene Hackman in "Mississippi Burning", Tom Hanks in "Big", Edward James Olmos in "Stand and Deliver", Max von Sydow in "Pelle the Conqueror" Actress: JODIE FOSTER in "The Accused", Glenn Close in "Dangerous Liaisons", Melanie Griffith in "Working Girl", Meryl Streep in "A Cry in the Dark", Sigourney Weaver in "Gorillas in the Mist" Supporting Actor: KEVIN KLINE in "A Fish Called Wanda", Alec Guinness in "Little Dorritt", Martin Landau in "Tucker: the Man and His Dream", River Phoenix in "Running on Empty", Dean Stockwell in "Married to the Mob" Supporting Actress: GEENA DAVIS in "The Accidental Tourist", Joan Cusack in "Working Girl", Frances McDormand in "Mississippi Burning", Michelle Pfeiffer in "Dangerous Liaisons", Sigourney Weaver in "Working Girl" Director: BARRY LEVINSON for "Rain Man", Charles Crichton for "A Fish Called Wanda", Mike Nichols for "Working Girl", Alan Parker for "Mississippi Burning", Martin Scorsese for "The Last Temptation of Christ" Beginning this year, the trademark phrase: "and the winner is..." was substituted with "and the Oscar goes to..." Director Barry Levinson's critically and financially-successful Rain Man was the major Oscar winner in 1988. It was the buddy-road saga of the human relationship that gradually develops between two sibling brothers: the elder one a TV-obsessed, institutionalized adult autistic (Hoffman), the other an ambitious, hotshot money-maker/car salesman and hustler (Cruise). The autistic savant's kidnapping from an asylum by his fast-talking brother is with the intent to swindle him of his inheritance, but during a cross-country road trip, a loving relationship develops between the brothers with strong blood ties. Rain Man had a total of eight nominations and four wins - for Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay (by Ronald Bass and Barry Morrow). It was the year's highest-grossing picture as well, taking in $173 million (domestic). The other Best Picture nominees included the following: director Lawrence Kasdan's adaptation of Anne Tyler's novel, the psychological drama The Accidental Tourist (with four nominations and one win - Best Supporting Actress), with two co-stars - Kathleen Turner and William Hurt - that Kasdan had teamed together in an earlier film - Body Heat (1981) British director Steven Frears' first American feature film, the lush, pre-Revolutionary France costume drama of competitive sexual seduction Dangerous Liaisons (with seven nominations and three wins - Best Screenplay, Best Art/Set Direction, and Best Costume Design) director Alan Parker's propagandist account of the investigation of the disappearance of three civil rights activists in 1964 in the social drama Mississippi Burning (with seven nominations and only one win - Best Cinematography) director Mike Nichols' sophisticated romantic comedy about 80s corporate ladder-climbing and office politics in Working Girl (with six nominations and one win - Best Song by Carly Simon: "Let the River Run") Two of the five directors of Best Picture nominees were not included in the list of Best Director nominees. The tw	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,799	What part of a bird might also be a term for a magistrate?	Beak - definition of beak by The Free Dictionary Beak - definition of beak by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/beak top to bottom: black skimmer, pileated woodpecker, and American goldfinch beak n. 1. a. The bill of a bird, especially one that is strong and curved, such as that of a hawk or a finch. b. A similar structure in other animals, such as turtles, insects, or fish. 2. A usually firm, tapering tip on certain plant structures, such as some seeds and fruits. 3. A beaklike structure or part, as: a. The spout of a pitcher. b. A metal or metal-clad ram projecting from the bow of an ancient warship. 4. Informal The human nose. 5. Chiefly British Slang [Middle English bek, from Old French bec, from Latin beccus, of Celtic origin.] beaked (bēkt) adj. 1. (Zoology) the projecting jaws of a bird, covered with a horny sheath; bill 2. (Zoology) any beaklike mouthpart in other animals, such as turtles 3. slang a person's nose, esp one that is large, pointed, or hooked 4. any projecting part, such as the pouring lip of a bucket 5. (Architecture) architect the upper surface of a cornice, which slopes out to throw off water 6. (Chemistry) chem the part of a still or retort through which vapour passes to the condenser 7. (Nautical Terms) nautical another word for ram 5 [C13: from Old French bec, from Latin beccus, of Gaulish origin] beaked adj a Brit slang word for judge , magistrate , headmaster , schoolmaster [C19: originally thieves' jargon] 1. the bill of a bird. 2. any horny or stiff projecting mouthpart of an animal, fish, or insect. 3. anything beaklike or ending in a point, as the spout of a pitcher. 4. Slang. a person's nose. 5. a projection from the bow of an ancient warship, used to ram enemy vessels. 6. a narrow projecting molding resembling a bird's beak, forming a drip for shedding rainwater, as on a cornice. [1175–1225; Middle English bec < Old French < Latin beccus < Gaulish] beaked (bikt, ˈbi kɪd) adj. beak (bēk) 1. The bill of a bird. 2. A similar, often horny part forming the mouth of other animals, such as turtles and octopuses. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: 1. beak - beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles) mouth - the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth" 2. bird - warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings cere - the fleshy, waxy covering at the base of the upper beak of some birds mouth - the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth" 3. beak - a beaklike, tapering tip on certain plant structures tip - the extreme end of something; especially something pointed 4. schnoz , schnozzle , hooter , nozzle , honker , snoot , snout nose , olfactory organ - the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals; "he has a cold in the nose" U.S.A. , United States , United States of America , US , USA , America , the States , U.S. - North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 Verb strike - deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon; "The teacher struck the child"; "the opponent refused to strike"; "The boxer struck the attacker dead" beak noun 1. bill , nib , neb (archaic or dialect), mandible a black bird with a yellow beak 2. (Slang) nose , snout , hooter (slang), snitch (slang), conk (slang), neb (archaic or dialect), proboscis , schnozzle (slang, chiefly U.S.) his sharp, aristocratic beak 3. (Brit. informal) magistrate , justice , sheriff The beak told him he'd go down if he did anything like it again. beak 1. [of bird] → pico m (= nose) → napia f 2. (Naut) → rostro m beak of land → promontorio m 3. (Brit) (= judge) → magistrado/a m/f beak [ˈbiːk] n [bird] → bec m beak (of bird, turtle) →	Bird Digestion BIRD DIGESTION FOOD'S TRIP THROUGH A BIRD: bill rectum cloaca A typical bird's digestive tract is usually considered to consist of the parts listed at the right. You know what the bill, mouth and tongue are. The pharynx (FAIR-ingx) is the part between the mouth and the esophagus, much involved with swallowing. The esophagus is the tube leading down from the pharynx. THE CROP: Not present in all birds, the crop serves more or less as a "doggy bag" when the bird eats. Notice the crop in the picture above. Let's say you're a Song Sparrow and you discover a weed just loaded with delicious-looking seeds, but the weed grows in the open. If you flit into the open area to eat the weed's seeds, you're making yourself vulnerable to predators who want to eat you. What to do? What you do is to flit into the open and gobble up those seeds far faster than any stomach could possibly handle them, then fly to safety. You can do this because of your crop. For, as you cram in those seeds, a few at first go straight to the gut but, when that fills, further seeds begin detouring to the bag-like crop. Once the crop is full of seed, you fly to your favorite perch, and now there's not much to do but let your stomach digest. As those first seeds in the stomach begin working their way through the rest of the body, seeds stored in the crop automatically refill the stomach. If someday you pick up a bird, perhaps one that has flown into a window and you want to save it from the cat, if that bird has recently eaten, you well may be able to feel the crop in the chest area, feeling like a bag filled with grit right below the feathers. Actually, specialists in the field of bird guts would want to insist that some birds have real crops, other birds have "pseudocrops," and that there are other croplike variations, but we don't want to get too confused so we'll just leave it at that. THE TWO-CHAMBERED STOMACH: The proventriculus: The stomach is an amazing affair consisting of two chambers. The proventriculus is the first chamber. It secretes an acid for breaking down food, and is best developed in birds that swallow entire fish and other animals containing bones which must be digested. If you know a little chemistry, you'll know how amazing it is that bird stomach-acid can have a pH as low as 0.2. In most of North America there's a kind of bird known as a shrike, which eats small animals, especially rodents and songbirds. A shrike's well developed first stomach-chamber can digest an entire mouse in only three hours! The gizzard: The bird stomach's second chamber is known as the gizzard. If you've ever eaten a chicken gizzard you know how tough and rubbery it is. To accomplish what the gizzard does, it absolutely must be tough, for the gizzard's main function is to grind and digest tough food. Though the gizzard consists of very powerful muscles, it alone can't pulverize everything the typical bird eats; you know how hard uncooked rice and corn kernels are, and these aren't even considered hard types of grain. OWL PELLETS products of a special gizzard Several hours after an owl eats, the fur, bones, teeth & feathers of its prey still in the gizzard are compressed into a pellet the same shape as the gizzard. In the above photo you can see white bones enmeshed in a mass of fur and feathers. Once formed, the pellet moves up from the gizzard to the proventriculus, where it remains for up to 10 hours before being regurgitated. Owls can't eat while a fully formed pellet is present, blocking the digestive track. When an Owl is ready to produce a pellet it usually closes its eyes, gets a funny luck in its face, doesn't want to fly and, when the pellet is ready to come out, the beak is opened and the pellet simply drops out. Other birds of prey, such as hawks, also produce pellets but the owl's digestive juices are less acidic than those of other birds of prey, so there is more material present to form a pellet. The pellet above is from a Barn Owl found in a barn near my own home. Something other than muscle power is needed. This "something else" is	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,800	What was the last of these Star Wars films to be released?	Star Wars \| Wookieepedia \| Fandom powered by Wikia ―Ebert & Roeper [src] The Star Wars story has been presented in a series of American films , which have spawned a large quantity of books and other media, which have formed the Expanded Universe . The Star Wars mythos is also the basis of many toys and games of varying types. The films and novels employ common science fiction motifs. Whereas Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek , a science fantasy franchise that has enjoyed long-lasting popularity in American popular culture , is portrayed by its makers to appear as a rational and progressive approach to storytelling, Star Wars has a strong mythic quality alongside its political and scientific elements. Unlike the heroes of earlier space set sci-fi/fantasy film and TV series such as Flash Gordon , the heroes of Star Wars are not militaristic types but romantic individualists. College literature professors have remarked that the Star Wars saga, with its struggle between good and evil, democracy and empire , can be considered a national epic for the United States . The film has many visual and narrative similarities to John Ford's "The Searchers" that also provides a clue to the relationship between Leia Organa and Luke Skywalker . The strong appeal of the Star Wars story probably accounts for its enduring popularity; it has also been postulated that this popularity is based on nostalgia. Many Star Wars fans first saw the films as children, and the revolutionary (for the time) special effects and simple, Manichean story made a profound impact. The Star Wars films show considerable similarity to Japanese Jidaigeki films, as well as Roman mythology. Lucas has stated that his intention was to create in Star Wars a modern mythology, based on the studies of his friend and mentor Joseph Campbell . He has also called the first movie's similarity to the film The Hidden Fortress ( Akira Kurosawa ) an "homage". The Star Wars films portray a world full of grime and technology that looks like it has been used for years, unlike the sleek, futuristic world typical of earlier science fiction films. In interviews, Lucas tells of rubbing the new props with dirt to make them look weatherworn. Lucas may have been inspired by the Sergio Leone Spaghetti Western films of the 1960s , which performed a similar function on the Western many years earlier. It is tempting to speculate that this break from traditional science fiction film influenced the cyberpunk genre that emerged around 1984 . Officially-licensed Star Wars novels have been published since the original movie was released in 1977 . Although these novels are licensed by Lucas (meaning he shares in the royalties), he retains ultimate creative control over the Star Wars universe, forcing Lucas Licensing to devote considerable ongoing effort to ensuring continuity between different authors' works and Lucas' films. Occasionally, elements from these novels are adopted into the highest tier of Star Wars canon , the movies. Books, games, and stories that are not directly derived from the six movies of Star Wars are known as the Extended or Expanded Universe (EU for short). Lucas has said that he does not deeply involve himself in the EU, choosing instead to concentrate mainly on his movies instead of "…the licensing world of the books, games and comic books." The original (1977) Star Wars ( A New Hope ) has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 1978 , Lucas sued the creators of Battlestar Galactica for its similarity to Star Wars, although the case was dismissed as having no merit in 1980 by a U.S. Federal judge . History Before Star Wars Although George Lucas had made a name for himself among some industry insiders for his work at USC, it was not until the release of American Graffiti in August of 1973 that he reached stardom. The film grossed over $115 million at the box office and was dollar-for-dollar the most profitable film in the history of Hollywood at the time. Lucas' profit participation in Graffiti earned him over $7 million. Lucas was now a millio	Death Star Privacy Death Star The Death Star is a fictional moon-sized spacestation and superweapon appearing in the Star Wars movies and expanded universe. It is capable of destroying a planet with a single destructive energy beam. Lego Star Wars - Films and Videos ... A short video clip is included as a special feature in the Star Wars Clone Wars animated series' second season DVD, titled Revenge of the Brick ... In 2009, a short movie titled Lego Star Wars The Quest for R2-D2 was aired on Cartoon Network and uploaded to the LEGO Star Wars website ... In 2010, another CGI LEGO film was made titled Lego Star Wars Bombad Bounty where Vader hires Boba Fett to track down the gungan Jar Jar Binks for an accident he caused to Vader ... Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode II - Synopsis ... Robot Chicken Star Wars Episode II is a 22-minute long special episode of Robot Chicken List of Skits in the Broadcast Version Boba Fett kills many Ewoks using his laser blasters, lightsabers, and a ... Opening sequence, redone from the previous special Robot Chicken Star Wars, based on the end sequences of Star Wars Episode III Revenge of the Sith but modified ... Parody of the Geonosian arena scene from Star Wars Episode II Attack of the Clones, as an over-the-top commercial for a monster truck event ... Star Wars (Namco Video Game) - Gameplay ... Star Wars plays like a side-scrolling platformer with two difficulty settings- the Novice Mission and the Pro Mission ... In two levels (the Death Star and Yavin IV) the player actually does get to fight the real Darth Vader ... The final level involves using the X-Wing against the Death Star ... Death Star - Cultural Impact - Merchandise ... playset and a model, respectively, of the first Death Star ... In 2005 and 2008, Lego released models of Death Star II and Death Star I, respectively ... Palitoy created a heavy card version of the Death Star as a playset for the vintage range of action figures in 1979 in the UK, Australia and Canada ... List Of Star Wars Superweapons - Death Star ... The Galactic Empire's ultimate terror weapon, the Death Star is a giant spherical military station with a superlaser weapon capable of destroying a planet ... A Death Star appears in Star Wars Episode IV A New Hope and another in Star Wars Episode VI Return of the Jedi ... The designs for the Death Star are visible in Star Wars Episode II Attack of the Clones, and a Death Star appears under construction at the end of Star Wars ... Famous quotes containing the words star and/or death: “The professional celebrity, male and female, is the crowning result of the star system of a society that makes a fetish of competition. In America, this system is carried to the point where a man who can knock a small white ball into a series of holes in the ground with more efficiency than anyone else thereby gains social access to the President of the United States.”	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,801	Teutonic/Teutons refers mostly and typically to what ancient race of people?	Germanic People - Tribes and Races The History of The Term Germanic Various etymologies for Latin Germani are possible. As an adjective, germani is simply the plural of the adjective germanus (from germen, "seed" or "offshoot"), which has the sense of "related" or "kindred" or "authentic". According to Strabo, the Romans introduced the name Germani, because the Germanic tribes were the authentic Celts (γνησίους Γαλάτας; gnisíous Galátas). Alternatively, it may refer from this use based on Roman experience of the Germanic tribes as allies of the Celts. The ethnonym seems to be attested in the Fasti Capitolini inscription for the year 222, DE GALLEIS INSVBRIBVS ET GERM(aneis), where it may simply refer to "related" peoples, namely related to the Gauls. Furthermore, since the inscriptions were erected only in 17 to 18 BCE, the word may be a later addition to the text. Another early mentioning of the name, this time by Poseidonios (writing around 80 BCE), is also dubious, as it only survives in a quotation by Athenaios (writing around 190 CE); the mention of Germani in this context was more likely inserted by Athenaios rather than by Poseidonios himself. The writer who apparently introduced the name "Germani" into the corpus of classical literature is Julius Caesar. He uses Germani in two slightly differing ways: one to describe any non-gaulic peoples of Germania, and one to denote the Germani Cisrhenani, a somewhat diffuse group of peoples in north-eastern Gaul, who cannot clearly be identified as either Celtic or Germanic. In this sense, Germani may be a loan from a Celtic exonym applied to the Germanic tribes, based on a word for "neighbour". Tacitus suggests that it might be from a tribe which changed its name after the Romans adapted it, but there is no evidence for this. The suggestion deriving the name from Gaulish term for "neighbour" invokes Old Irish gair, Welsh ger, "near", Irish gearr, "cut, short" (a short distance), from a Proto-Celtic root gerso-s, further related to ancient Greek chereion, "inferior" and English gash. The Proto-Indo-European root could be of the form khar-, kher-, ghar-, gher-, "cut", from which also Hittite kar-, "cut", whence also Greek character. Apparently, the Germanic tribes did not have a self-designation ("endonym") that included all Germanic-speaking people but excluded all non-Germanic people. Non- Germanic peoples (primarily Celtic, Roman, Greek, the citizens of the Roman Empire), on the other hand, were called walha- (this word lives forth in names such as Wales, Welsh, Cornwall, Walloons, Vlachs etc.). Yet, the name of the Suebi - which designated a larger group of tribes and was used almost indiscriminately with Germani in Caesar - was possibly a Germanic equivalent of the Latin name (swē-ba- "authentic"). The Term of Teutonic or Deutsch Trying to identify a contemporary vernacular term and the associated nation with a classical name, Latin writers from the 10th century onwards used the learnèd adjective teutonicus (originally derived from the Teutones) to refer to East Francia ("Regnum Teutonicum") and its inhabitants. This usage is still partly present in modern English; hence the English use of "Teutons" in reference to the Germanic peoples in general besides the specific tribe of the Teutons defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae in 102 BCE. The generic þiuda- "people" occurs in many personal names such as Thiud-reks and also in the ethnonym of the Swedes from a cognate of Old English Sweo-ðēod and Old Norse: Sui-þióð (see e.g. Sö Fv1948;289). Additionally, þiuda- appears in Angel-ðēod ("Anglo-Saxon people") and Gut-þiuda ("Gothic people"). The adjective derived from this noun, *þiudiskaz, "popular", was later used with reference to the language of the people in contrast to the Latin language (earliest rec	Local Historic Interest - Volunteer Inn, Marden, Hereford Volunteer Inn, Marden, Hereford local historic interest Sutton Walls Hillfort Sutton Walls Hillfort is an elongated ovoid Iron Age Hill fort located four miles north of the city of Hereford, England. It has been quarried for gravel, leaving behind a quarry that was used as a dump for toxic waste during the 1960s and 70s. It was added to the Sites and Monuments Record in 1988. The Sutton Walls hillfort dates back to the Iron Age, at which time it did not have any defences. As time went on, defences began to be added, and by 100BC, the fort had a V shaped ditch and an internal bank, which was revetted with timber and stone. Huts were then constructed later on. The defences were then strengthened around AD25, however archaeological digs have revealed that around AD 48, 24 people were killed in the fort (probably by Romans) and thrown into the ditch. The skeletons show the wounds received, and some were decapitated. This did not end occupation, however, and the fort remained in use until around the 3rd century. Hereford Old house The Hereford Old House is a historic and distinctive black and white half-timbered house in High Town, Hereford, England, built in 1621 and it is now a museum. The Old House is a well-preserved half-timbered Jacobean building in the centre of Hereford. It was built in 1621 as part of Butchers' Row. In 1816, other buildings on the row started to be demolished. It has been used by butchers, ironmongers, and bankers during its existence. Old House is now the only remaining house in the original row, surrounded by more modern buildings. Since 1929, the Old House has been a museum presenting life in Jacobean times. The house is furnished in the style of the period. Objects on display include baby walkers, beds, and wall paintings. Hampton Court Castle Hampton Court is a castellated country house in the English county of Herefordshire. The house is located in the village ofHope under Dinmore, near Leominster. Hampton Court dates from 1427, when a Sir Rowland Lenthall built the original house on an estate which had been granted to him some years previously by King Henry IV on the occasion of his marriage to the king's cousin Margaret Fitzalan, a daughter of the Earl of Arundel. Sir Rowland's house was a quadrangular courtyard house, and despite numerous alterations over the centuries the house has retained this basic form. It was owned by the Coningsby family from 1510 until the early 19th century when the estate was purchased by John Arkwright, the grandson of the inventor and industrialist Richard Arkwright. Some of the original oak panelling was removed, probably during the 17th century, to the private house Wickton Court near Leominster (grid SO525500) where it still adorns the living room. The house was remodelled in the 1830s and 1840s to give it more of a castle air, reversing earlier attempts to make it appear more regular and domestic. It has changed hands several more times. Between 1924 and 1972 it was the seat of Viscount Hereford and was bought by American businessman Robert Van Kampen in 1994. He died in 1999. The formal gardens were still opened with a celebration by the Van Kampen family in the year 2000, where the Indiana Wesleyan University Chorale was featured as a sacred choir and some members as a small madrigal choir. Hampton Court Castle and grounds were sold by the Van Kampen family in 2008. hereford cathedral At a glance: 3 choirs festival · Mappa Mundi · Map of the world · Library building · chained library. Address: 5 College Cloisters, Cathedral Close, Hereford HR1 2NG mappa mundi When you visit Hereford Cathedral - On the wall of the opposite choir aisle, the celebrated Hereford "Mappa Mundi", dating from the later years of the 13th century, hung, little regarded, for many years. It is the work of an ecclesiastic who is supposed to be represented in the right-hand corner on horseback, attended by his page and greyhounds. He has commemorated himself under the name of Richard de Haldingham and Lafford in Lincolnshire, but	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,802	What is a word for giddiness, often associated with a disease of the inner ear?	Giddiness \| definition of giddiness by Medical dictionary Giddiness \| definition of giddiness by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/giddiness Definition As a disorder, dizziness is classified into three categories-vertigo, syncope, and nonsyncope nonvertigo. Each category has a characteristic set of symptoms, all related to the sense of balance. In general, syncope is defined by a brief loss of consciousness ( fainting ) or by dimmed vision and feeling uncoordinated, confused, and lightheaded. Many people experience a sensation like syncope when they stand up too fast. Vertigo is the feeling that either the individual or the surroundings are spinning. This sensation is like being on a spinning amusement park ride. Individuals with nonsyncope nonvertigo dizziness feel as though they cannot keep their balance. This feeling may become worse with movement. Description The brain coordinates information from the eyes, the inner ear, and the body's senses to maintain balance. If any of these information sources is disrupted, the brain may not be able to compensate. For example, people sometimes experience motion sickness because the information from their body tells the brain that they are sitting still, but information from the eyes indicates that they are moving. The messages do not correspond and dizziness results. Vision and the body's senses are the most important systems for maintaining balance, but problems in the inner ear are the most frequent cause of dizziness. The inner ear, also called the vestibular system, contains fluid that helps fine tune the information the brain receives from the eyes and the body. When fluid volume or pressure in one inner ear changes, information about balance is altered. The discrepancy gives conflicting messages to the brain about balance and induces dizziness. Certain medical conditions can cause dizziness, because they affect the systems that maintain balance. For example, the inner ear is very sensitive to changes in blood flow. Because medical conditions such as high blood pressure or low blood sugar can affect blood flow, these conditions are frequently accompanied by dizziness. Circulation disorders are the most common causes of dizziness. Other causes are head injury , ear infection, allergies, and nervous system disorders. Dizziness often disappears without treatment or with treatment of the underlying problem, but it can be long term or chronic. According to the National Institutes of Health, 42% of Americans will seek medical help for dizziness at some point in their lives. The costs may exceed a billion dollars and account for five million doctor visits annually. Episodes of dizziness increase with age. Among people aged 75 or older, dizziness is the most frequent reason for seeing a doctor. Causes and symptoms Careful attention to symptoms can help determine the underlying cause of the dizziness. Underlying problems may be benign and easily treated or they may be dangerous and in need of intensive therapy. Not all cases of dizziness can be linked to a specific cause. More than one type of dizziness can be experienced at the same time and symptoms may be mixed. Episodes of dizziness may last for a few seconds or for days. The length of an episode is related to the underlying cause. The symptoms of syncope include dimmed vision, loss of coordination, confusion, lightheadedness, and sweating. These symptoms can lead to a brief loss of consciousness or fainting. They are related to a reduced flow of blood to the brain; they often occur when a person is standing up and can be relieved by sitting or lying down. Vertigo is characterized by a sensation of spinning or turning, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, ringing in the ears, headache , or fatigue . An individual may have trouble walking, remaining coordinated, or keeping balance. Nonsyncope nonvertigo dizziness is characterized by a feeling of being off balance that becomes worse if the individual tries moving or performing detail-intense tasks. A person may experience dizziness for many reasons.	From Bernard Jewry to Alvin Stardust \| Shane Fenton \| People \| Our Mansfield and Area 'Pop goes Mansfield' exhibition at Mansfield Museum From Bernard Jewry to Alvin Stardust By Alvin Stardust Bernard William Jewry BBernard William Jewry was born in the Muswell Hill district of London on September 27th 1942 . At the age of two the family moved to Mansfield , where his mother ran a boarding house. Many of the guests were either artists or musicians appearing at the Mansfield Theatre and in this sort of atmosphere, it's not surprising that although only a toddler, he took an avid interest in music and stage work. At four he made his first vocal stage appearance in "Babes In The Wood"; five years later he made his straight acting debut in the Carl Jenner Mobile Theatre ' s presentation of "No Room At The Inn"; and three years on, whilst attending boarding school he fronted his first band at local fetes and garden parties. Aged 17, he took part in a talent showcase at the Mansfield Palais. Also appearing were a group who ' d evolved from the remnants of the Diamond Skiffle Group and Roger Lymer and his Crusaders. Johnny Theakston with his Beat Boys newly re-named the Tremeloes won the competition and Bernard threw his lot in with the group as their road manager, occasionally joining them onstage. The original shane Fenton - johnny Theakston By the turn of the 1960's Theakston had assumed a more 'Americanised' stage persona from an amalgam of the lead character from the western "Shane" and a local printer firm, Fentons' . The newly re-christened and now fully professional "Shane Fenton and the Fentones" went from strength to strength in the Nottinghamshire area an d b, and encouraged the group to submit a tape recording to the BBC Light Programme (forerunner of Radio 1). Although granted a coveted audition tragedy struck just days before the event: 17-year old Johnny Theakston was taken seriously ill with rheumatic fever and was rushed into hospital, where he died two days later. The band, whose line-up had long settled of Jerry Wilcock and Mick Eyre on lead and rhythm guitars, Bill Bonney on bass and Tony Hinchcliffe on drums were ready to quit, but with some persuasion from Johnny ' s Mother they steeled their resolve and coerced Bernard into full-time singing by taking over the Shane Fenton role.Passing the audition with flying colours, they were given a slot on the two-hour "Saturday Club", a show recorded in Birmingham but transmitted nationally. The gig went so well they became regular guests on the series and the programme's musical director, Tommy Sanderson became their manager. He got them a long-term recording contract with EMI's Parlophone label, the eccentric relation to its associate labels, Columbia (Cliff Richard, the Shadows) and HMV (early Elvis, Johnny Kidd and the Pirates). True, George Martin ' s roster consisted of more unusual signings on the company like established comedy acts, like Bernard Cribbins, Charlie Drake and Peter Sellers, although their current biggest and consistent seller was teen idol Adam Faith. The bulk of the groups' production work was handled by George Martin (the man behind the Beatles' hits), occasionally handing over to others. first single A breezy rendition of the George Formby novelty number "Five Foot Two, Eyes Of Blue" was the original choice for the first single but the topside was eventually written by fellow Parlophone artist Jerry Lordan. He was already responsible for a string of hits including "With A Girl Like You" for Cliff Richard, also the Shadow's "Apache"; he would go on to pen many others, including "Diamonds" and "Scarlett O' Hara", top five smashes for Jet Harris and Tony Meehan in 1963. Sharing the same Manager, Tommy Sanderson, Lordan and fenton met each other in the offices of music publisher Francis, Day and Hunter. Fenton's natural shyness and laid back demeanour inspired Lordan to cus tom write "I'm A Moody Guy" which contains his distinctive trademarks; a shifting chord sequence line with unexpected extra beats and notes (a style not dis-similar to Burt	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,803	In which Indian city in 1984 was a toxic cloud of methyl isocynate accidentally released from a pesticide plant killing a least 15,000 people?	The 1984 Bhopal Gas Disaster: Three Decades After \| ANSER The 1984 Bhopal Gas Disaster: Three Decades After By N. Vinod Chandra Menon, Founder Member, National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India Published: June 16, 2015 An earlier version of this paper was presented by the author at the “International Conference on CBRNe Response: Identifying Challenges to Delivering Capabilities,” organized by Banyan Analytics, in Washington, DC, on April 14, 2014. The chemical gas leak on the night of December 2, 1984, and in the early hours of December 3, 1984, at the Union Carbide factory in Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India provides valuable lessons on the need to strengthen disaster preparedness, risk reduction, preventive maintenance, and emergency response capacities among various stakeholder groups. Background Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) was formed in the early part of the 20th century by the merger of four U.S. companies that manufactured batteries, arc lamps for street lighting, and headlights for cars. “By the second half of the 20th century, UCC had 130 subsidiaries in 40 countries, approximately 500 production sites, and 120,000 employees.” [i] UCC’s India operations began with “an assembly plant for batteries” in Calcutta in 1924. “By 1983, UCC had 14 plants in India manufacturing chemicals[,] pesticides, batteries and other products.” [ii] In 1954, UCC had begun experiments to manufacture a chemical pesticide, codenamed “Experimental Insecticide Seven Seven.” This pesticide was later named Sevin, and its manufacturing process involved a reaction of phosgene gas with monomethylamine to create a new molecule called methyl isocyanate (MIC). This compound was found to be highly toxic and dangerous, and the results of UCC’s toxicology experiments on rats were “so terrifying that the company banned publication of” the work. The compound was also found to be volatile, reacting violently on “contact with a few drops of water or a few ounces of metal dust” and emitting “a fatal cloud into the atmosphere,” and it had to always be kept at temperatures close to 0° C to prevent this. [iii] In 1966, Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL, an Indian subsidiary of UCC who owned 50.9 percent stakes) signed an agreement with the Government of India to “import 1,200 tons of Sevin” from UCC and establish a factory in India at Kali Grounds in Bhopal “to produce Sevin within five years.” [iv] Bhopal was selected “because of its central location and access to transport infrastructure” [v] for distribution across the country. However, the site where the factory was set up “was zoned for light industrial and commercial use, not for hazardous industry.” [vi] The application for setting up the factory did not reveal the hazardous nature of the pesticides that would be produced using highly toxic chemicals such as MIC, chloroform, and phosgene that could cause harm to neighboring settlements, and the local communities were not warned of any possible danger. [vii] The Argentinian UCC engineer Eduardo Munoz, tasked with making the UCIL project a success, had expressed serious concerns about siting the dangerous industry in such an inhabited area and about the large quantities of MIC being stored. However, his concerns were reportedly brushed aside with the words “You have absolutely no need to worry, dear Eduardo Munoz. Your Bhopal plant will be as inoffensive as a chocolate factory.” [viii] The plant was approved initially only for formulation of pesticides from component chemicals, such as MIC imported from the parent company, in relatively small quantities.… pressure from competition in the chemical industry led UCIL to implement “backward integration”—the manufacture of raw materials and intermediate products for formulation of the final product within one facility. This was inherently a more sophisticated and hazardous process. [ix] In 1969, the UCIL pesticide unit was set up in Bhopal with a license “to manufacture 5,000 tons of Sevin per year,” [x] and the pesticide unit of UCIL for manufacturing Sevin was commis	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,804	Who composed the Christmas Oratorio in 1734?	Christmas Oratorio - World Digital Library World Digital Library Christmas Oratorio Description Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) composed six cantatas for the Christmas holidays in 1734, one to be performed on each of the individual feast days during the services in Leipzig’s main churches, Saint Thomas and Saint Nicolai. The running narrative of the Gospel, as well as the keys in which the framing musical statements were composed, give the cantatas the character of a self-contained cycle. For most of the arias and choruses, Bach added new text to music derived from his earlier compositions, most notably from two congratulatory cantatas written for the Saxon court in 1733. In parts of the opening chorus, “Jauchzet, frohlocket,” Bach also at first transferred the text from the original “Tönet, ihr Pauken” but later crossed this out and substituted the religious text. Of the oratorio’s six sections, part one, which celebrates the birth of Christ, begins with the cantata “Jauchzet, frohlocket, auf, preiset die Tage”; part two, which describes the annunciation to the shepherds, has as its opening recitative the cantata “Und es waren Hirten in derselben Gegend auf dem Felde”; part three, which relates the adoration of the shepherds, starts with “Herrscher des Himmels, erhöre das Lallen”; part four, celebrating the circumcision and naming of Jesus, begins with “Fallt mit Danken, fallt mit Loben”; part five, which recounts the journey of the Magi, starts with “Ehre sei dir, Gott, gesungen”; and part six, which describes the adoration of the Magi, opens with “Herr, wenn die stolzen Feinde schnauben.” Instruments used include: trumpets, timpani, transverse flutes, oboes, oboes d'amore, violins, viola, continuo group, oboes da caccia, flutes, and horns. There are four vocal parts (soprano, alto, tenor, and bass). Shown here is Bach’s autograph copy of the score.	TSO - Belshazzar’s Feast - Roy Thomson Hall TSO - Belshazzar’s Feast Toronto Mendelssohn Choir & Huddersfield Choral Society Hindemith: Concert Music for Brass and Strings Berg: Violin Concerto Walton: Belshazzar’s Feast Sir William Walton’s spectacular biblical oratorio—tracing the liberation of the Hebrew slaves from captivity in Babylon and powered by a 200-voice mass choir—is the climax of a program conducted by TSO Conductor Laureate Sir Andrew Davis that includes the eloquent violin concerto that Alban Berg composed in tribute to a young woman who had died at eighteen.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,805	What is the name of Harry Potter's godfather, played on film by Gary Oldman?	Gary Oldman \| Harry Potter Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] Acting career Oldman made his first significant impact upon Hollywood when he was cast as Sid Vicious, the bassist of the Sex Pistols, in Alex Cox's Sid and Nancy (1986). He gained critical acclaim for the role, as did his next significant role – playwright Joe Orton in Prick Up Your Ears (1987). In 1990, he appeared with Tim Roth and Richard Dreyfuss in the Tom Stoppard comedy Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead. He also played Lee Harvey Oswald, the suspected assassin of John F. Kennedy, in Oliver Stone's 1991 drama JFK. Oldman is best known portraying villains. Throughout the 1990s, he made appearances as villains in several blockbusters including Dracula (1992) with Anthony Hopkins; Leon (1994) with Jean Reno; Air Force One (1997) with Harrison Ford; The Fifth Element (1997) with Bruce Willis; and Lost in Space (1998) with William Hurt. Having become acquainted with Matt LeBlanc on the set of Lost in Space, Oldman agreed to appear in a 2001 episode of the sitcom "Friends". The memorable two-part episode "The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding" featured a much talked-about spitting scene between Oldman and LeBlanc, after Oldman's character claimed that "real" actors spat on each other when they enunciated. For his role, Oldman earned an Emmy Award nomination. In 2003, he was cast as Sirius Black in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ; he reprised the role in the following two films. And in 2005, he co-starred in Christopher Nolan's "Batman" reboot Batman Begins as James Gordon. He played Gordon twice more, in 2008's Oscar-winning The Dark Knight and 2012's The Dark Knight Rises. In 2009, Oldman played the roles of Jacob Marley, Bob Cratchit, and Tiny Tim in A Christmas Carol , and in 2010, he played the role of Carnegie in The Book of Eli with Denzel Washington. In 2011, Oldman reprised the role of Sirius Black in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 . [2] He also played George Smiley in Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (with John Hurt , Toby Jones , Ciarán Hinds , Simon McBurney , and Roger Lloyd-Pack ), for which he earned the first Academy Award nomination of his career. Personal life Oldman has been married four times, first to British actress Lesley Manville (who co-starred with Jim Broadbent , Shirley Henderson , and Timothy Spall in the film Topsy-Turvy) and most famously to Oscar-nominated actress Uma Thurman —who co-starred with Ralph Fiennes in The Avengers—from 1990 to 1992. Since 2008, he has been married to Alexandra Edenborough. He has three sons from two other marriages: Alfie (b. 1988) from his marriage to Lesley Manville, and Gulliver (b. 1997) and Charlie (b. 1999) from his marriage to Donya Fiorentino. Behind the scenes Gary gave Daniel Radcliffe a bass guitar as a gift when they first met. Filmography	2001 KO Final February, which ex-PM was awarded an earldom on his 90th birthday ? Harold Macmillan B1 A member of the House of Lords and an ex-MP, who celebrated his 100th birthday in November 1984 ? Mannie Shinwell Which government department banned trades unions causing a national outcry ? GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters) Outside which foreign government building was policewoman Yvonne Fletcher shot and fatally wounded ? Libyan People's Bureau or Libyan Embassy A3 In the course of a violent argument in April, which recording artist was shot and killed by his father ? Marvin Gaye In October, who was killed by members of her own bodyguard ? Indira Ghandi A4 In March the British government announced its approval of the sale of which shipyard on the lower Clyde to Trafalgar House ? Scott Lithgow B4 In October which bank, a bullion dealer, was rescued from debts of around ï¿½250 million by a Bank of England buy-out ? Johnson Matthey Subject: ï¿½One Word Cinemaï¿½ Answers A1 A 1992 Oscar winning Clint Eastwood film in which a former hired killer turned unsuccessful farmer returns to his old ways in pursuit of a $1,000 reward ? Unforgiven B1 A 1972 John Boorman film in which a leading character, played by Ned Beatty, is raped by a ï¿½Hillbillyï¿½ ? Deliverance A2 A 1929 film, Hitchcockï¿½s first talkie, in which a Scotland Yard Inspector is placed in a difficult position when he discovers his girlfriend has committed a murder ? Blackmail B2 Set in Rio, a 1946 Hitchcock film with Cary Grant & Ingrid Bergman in which a woman marries a Nazi renegade to help the US Government ? Notorious A3 A 1916 film by D.W. Griffith starring Lillian Gish in one of four intercut stories including Balshazzarï¿½s Feast and the St Bartholomewï¿½s Day Massacre ? Intolerance B3 A 1967 camped-up version of Faust in which a short order cook is saved from suicide by Mr Spiggott - who offers him 7 wishes in exchange for his soul ? Bedazzled A4 A 1924 Erich von Stroheim film in which an ex-miner turned dentist kills his avaricious wife and her lover ? Greed B4 Set in the mid 19th century, a 1999 film starring Guy Pearce & Robert Carlyle in which a cannibalistic officer commands an isolated army outpost ? Ravenous Answers A1 The liqueur Curaï¿½ao (say ï¿½Koor-a-sowï¿½) is traditionally flavoured with sugar & which fruit ? Orange B1 Which spirit takes its name from a place near Guadalajara (say ï¿½Gwadlaharaï¿½) where the conquistadors first developed it from a variety of Aztec drink ? Tequila A2 With a peculiar but agreeable taste, which coarse & potent liquor is made in the East Indies from a variety of sources, including fermented rice & coconut juice ? Arrack B2 Used to season food & fruit as well as alcoholic drinks, which flavouring is prepared with oil distilled from the aromatic bark of two S. American trees blended with herbs, and bears the former name of a port in Venezuela ? Angostura (now called Cuidad Bolivar) A3 Derived from a town in north east Hungary, what name is shared by a grape variety and a golden-yellow coloured, sweet, aromatic wine ? Tokay (from Tokaj) Subject: Wordgame ï¿½Noï¿½ as in ï¿½Noteï¿½ Answers ï¿½ a spout on a hose etc. from which a jet issues ? Nozzel ï¿½ a small round piece of meat or a chocolate made with hazelnuts ? Noisette ï¿½ something or someone absolutely un	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,806	Which cathedral houses the bones of the Venerable Bede?	The Venerable Bede - Durham World Heritage Site The Venerable Bede The Venerable Bede Bede was known as the Father of English History. How did he come to gain that title? Who Was the Venerable Bede? The Venerable Bede – also known as St Bede – is widely regarded as the greatest of all the Anglo-Saxon scholars. He lived and died in between the twin monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow in the North East of England between 673 and 735 AD and wrote or translated some forty books on practically every area of knowledge, including nature, astronomy, and poetry. He also wrote the first martyrology (a chronicle about the lives of the saints). However, his most famous writing was on theology and history and his best known work is The Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Read more about the Life and Death of Bede . Why Was the Venerable Bede Important? Although Bede was a polymath and religious figure who described himself as having “devoted [his] energies to the study of the scriptures, observing monastic discipline, and singing the daily services in church” and for whom “study, teaching, and writing had always been [his] delight", he is remembered today as the earliest English historian, whose work has shed light on a period of English history that would have otherwise been unknown. He is often referred to as ‘The Father of English History.’ Bede’s Association with Durham The Venerable Bede’s bones have been in Durham Cathedral since 1022. They were brought from Jarrow by a monk called Alfred who had them buried alongside Cuthbert’s relics, where they remained until they were moved to the Cathedral’s Galilee Chapel in the 14th century. Why is Bede called the ‘Venerable’ ? In fact, ‘the Venerable Bede’ comes from the Latin inscription on Bede’s tomb in Durham Cathedral, reading: HIC SUNT IN FOSSA BEDAE VENERABILIS OSSA Here are buried the bones of the Venerable Bede Bede's tomb in Durham Cathedral. © Durham Cathedral and Jarrold Publishing	Reginald Pole (1500 - 1558) - Genealogy Reginald Pole Stourton Castle, Stourton, Staffordshire, England Death: Half brother of Thomasine Broadhurst Occupation: The last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury during the Counter Reformation against the Church of England, Archbishop of Canterbury Managed by: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, Sir Richard Pole Siblings: Reginald Pole (12 March 1500 – 17 November 1558) was an English Cardinal in the Catholic Church, and the last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, holding the office during the Counter Reformation. To the reign of Queen Mary I Pole was born at Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, on 12 March 1500.[1][2] to Sir Richard Pole and Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury. His maternal grandparents were George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville, Duchess of Clarence; thus he was a grandnephew of kings Edward IV and Richard III and a great-grandson of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. His nursery is said to have been at Sheen Priory.[3] He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1512, and at Oxford was taught by William Latimer and Thomas Linacre, graduating BA on 27 June 1515. In February 1518, King Henry VIII granted him the deanery of Wimborne Minster, Dorset; after which he was Dean of Exeter.[4] In 1521, Pole went to Padua, where he met leading Renaissance figures, including Pietro Bembo, Gianmatteo Giberti (formerly pope Leo X's datary and chief minister), Jacopo Sadoleto, Gianpietro Carafa (the future Pope Paul IV), Rodolfo Pio, Otto Truchsess, Stanislaus Hosius, Cristoforo Madruzzo, Giovanni Morone, Pier Paolo Vergerio the younger, Peter Martyr (Vermigli) and Vettor Soranzo. The last three were eventually condemned as heretics by the Roman Catholic Church, with Vermigli - as a well-known Protestant theologian - having a significant share in the Reformation in Pole's native England. Styles of Reginald Pole Informal style Cardinal See Canterbury His studies in Padua were partly financed by his election as a fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, with more than half of the cost paid by Henry VIII himself[5] on 14 February 1523, which allowed him to study abroad for three years. Pole returned home in July 1526, when he went to France, escorted by Thomas Lupset. Henry VIII offered him the Archbishopric of York or the Diocese of Winchester if he would support his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Pole withheld his support and went into self-imposed exile in France and Italy in 1532, continuing his studies in Padua and Paris. The final break between Pole and Henry followed upon Thomas Cromwell, Cuthbert Tunstall, Thomas Starkey, and others addressing questions to Pole on behalf of Henry. He answered by sending the king a copy of his published treatise Pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione which, besides being a theological reply to the questions, was a strong denunciation of the king's policies. The incensed king, with Pole himself out of his reach, took a terrible revenge on Pole's family. Though Pole's mother and his elder brother had written to him in reproof of Pole's attitude and action, they were not spared by the king. In November 1538, Pole's eldest brother Henry Pole, Baron Montagu, another son of Margaret Pole, and other relations were arrested on a charge of treason, although Cromwell had previously written that they had "little offended save that he [the Cardinal] is of their kin", they were committed to the Tower of London, and in January, with the exception of his brother Geoffrey Pole, they were executed. Reginald Pole's mother Margaret was also arrested, kept for two years under severe conditions in the Tower, and finally executed (her execution was dreadfully botched and horrifying even for those brutal times) in 1541, protesting her innocence until the last - a highly publicised case which was considered a grave miscarriage of justice both at the time and later. Pole is known to have said that he would "...never fear to call himself the son of a marty'r"". She was beatified some 350 years later, in 1886, by Pope Leo	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,807	Which US state is nicknmaed the 'Centennial State'?	Colorado State Nickname \| The Centennial State Colorado State Nickname Quarter-coloradoquarterlg.jpg The U.S. Mint's bicentennial commemorative quarter for Colorado features the Rocky mountains, pine trees , and one of the state's nicknames; "Colorful Colorado." Colorado became the 38th state in 1876 . Public domain image on Wikipedia . The U.S. Mint's bicentennial commemorative quarter for Colorado quarter; Colorado became the 38th state in 1876. The Colorado quarter features the Rocky mountains, pine trees, and one of the state's nicknames: Colorful Colorado. Photo by United States Mint/ Wikipedia (Public Domain Image). Nicknames for the State of Colorado Colorado is nicknamed "The Centennial State" because it became the 38th state of the United States in 1876 (one hundred years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence ). All State Nicknames Colorful Colorado Another well- known nickname is "Colorful Colorado" because of the state's magnificent scenery of mountains, rivers and plains. Colorado	Quiz: How well do you know the 50 states? - CSMonitor.com Quiz: How well do you know the 50 states? For kids: Test your knowledge of the nifty 50 states and their capitals. By Felice Prager Save for later Saved Here's a quiz about the United States. "Not geography," you protest! Not at all. Try this first without a map. Then, take out a map and see how many of these you can do as you hunt for clues. 1. Do you know the state names that are made up of more than one word? One fifth of the 50 states have names with two words. 2. Can you name state capitals that resemble seasons or months of the year? Photos of the Day Photos of the day 02/08 4. Which state names begin and end with the same letter? Hint: There are four. 5. Although the spelling of this state has 11 letters in total, it actually only uses four letters of the alphabet. What is it? 6. This state's name is nine letters long and uses only four letters of the alphabet. Name that state! 7. What is the only state whose capital's name is made up of three words – with each of the three words having four letters in them? 8. How many states can you name that have only one vowel? Hint: The vowel can be repeated. 9. What states have their names as part of the names of their state capital? Hint: There are two. 10. Can you name the four sets of states and capitals that have the state and the capital names beginning with the same letter? 11. Can you name the four state capitals (and the state in which the city is found) that have "city" in their names? Answers: 1. New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, and West Virginia. 2. Augusta (Maine) and Springfield (Illinois). 3. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Charleston, West Virginia, both have 22 letters each. 4. Alabama, Arizona, Alaska, and Ohio. 5. Mississippi. 7. Utah (Salt Lake City). 8. There are six: Alabama, Alaska, Kansas, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee. 9. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and Indianapolis, Indiana. 10. Dover, Delaware; Honolulu, Hawaii; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 11. Jefferson City, Missouri; Carson City, Nevada; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Salt Lake City, Utah. Next up	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,808	In which Formula One team did Damon Hill replace Nigel Mansell?	Formula 1 - Nigel Mansell, Damon Hill, Ayrton Senna etc \| eBay Formula 1 10 January 2009 Formula 1 This is one of many illustrated classic F1 racing guides I've created for the community. I hope you enjoy it. If you wish to find out more about the classic F1 racing art featured in this guide please click here. This guide features several legendary F1 drivers. Satoru Nakajima Satoru Nakajima was Honda's representative on the grid in the late eighties and was Japan's first regular Formula One Grand Prix driver. Ayrton Senna's team-mate at Lotus in 1987 and then teamed with Nelson Piquet in 1988 and 1989 (Lotus), Satoru was a worthy ambassador for the Honda company without posing a threat to his more highly regarded team-mates. His best finish was fourth at Adelaide in 1989 and his last two seasons were spent with the Tyrrell team before he quit at the end of 1991. His best finish in the championship was eleventh position overall in 1987 driving a Lotus. Total Grand Prix drives, 74. Since his retirement from Formula One, he has run a team in both Japanese Formula 3000 and Formula Three developing the next generation of Japanese racing drivers. Andrea de Cesaris World champion in karts and a strong contender in British Formula Three, Andrea made his Formula One debut with Alfa-Romeo in 1980. He soon became known for his somewhat unpredictable driving style racing for McLaren in 1981. 1982 and 1983 were spent with Alfa-Romeo, where he produced third place at Monaco (a race he could have won), before moving to Ligier for 1984. Two seasons with Ligier produced little so it was on to Minardi, then Brabham, then Rial, then Dallara, then Tyrrell, Jordan again and finally to Sauber before his Formula One career ended in 1994. The second most experienced Formula One driver behind Riccardo Patrese, although without a win. Best race result, a second place in the German Grand Prix of 1983 and finished eighth for the title overall in 1983. Total Grand Prix drives, 208. Nigel Mansell Nigel's Formula One debut was for Lotus in 1980 and his first Grand Prix victory was for williams in 1985. 1986 saw five Grand Prix victories yet through cruel luck, no title. An accident in qualifying ruined his title hopes again in 1987 after six wins and it was beginning to look as if Nigel Mansell was to be the "nearly man" of Formula 1. In a bold move to Ferrari in 1989 he won his first race and the instant adoration of the Italian fans, but only finished fourth. 1990 with Ferrari was a disaster finishing ninth overall so it was back to Williams and winning ways in 1991. Five wins however were not enough with Nigel still having to play second fiddle to Ayrton Senna's McLaren. Finally in 1992 it all came right, Mansell storming to nine victories in a Williams-Renault that was in a class of its own. He still drove magnificently. After moving to Indy Cars in 1993 and incredibly taking the title at his first attempt, Mansell returned to Williams mid-season in 1994 before joining McLaren in 1995. He retired after just two races. Damon Hill As a relatively late starter to car racing in 1984 with Formula Ford, Damon soon progressed into British Formula Three and then Formula 3000 before gaining his first F1 drive in 1992. Signed by Williams in 1993 to drive alongside three-time world champion Alain Prost, he gained three victories and finished third overall. Staying with Williams in 1994, this time with Ayrton Senna as team-mate, Damon was thrust into the role of team leader after the Brazillian's death and in a season burdened with Michael Schumacher's disqualifications closed a huge points gap to set up a grand finale at the Australian Grand Prix. Sadly for Hill, Schumacher's now famous chopping move just before mid-distance took out both himself and Hill, leaving Schumacher as champion by just one point. There were only four wins for Damon in 1995, enough to give him second place in the championship again. Johnny Herbert Johnny Herbert's talent was recognised when he won-from-the-back during the 1985 Formula Ford Festival. In 1987 he took the British Formul	quizballs 50 -- part 2 - Google Groups quizballs 50 -- part 2 41. What Cumbrian town was used as a 2007 pilot for the digital TV switch-over? 42. It was announced in April 2007 that Lord Justice Scott Baker would replace Baroness Butler-Sloss in what position? 43. What remarkable sale price did Damien Hirst's diamond-encrusted skull achieve? 44. Which world champion 400m runner successfully overturned her Olympic Games ban for missing drug tests? 45. Monks featured strongly in the September protests in which country? 46. Which northern England city was flooded by torrential rain on on 25 June 2007? 47. In what US city did Barack Obama announce his presidential candidacy in February 2007? 48. Which Bollywood actor was at the centre of the 2007 Big Brother TV Show racism uproar? 49. Shinzo Abe resigned in September 2007 as prime minister of which country? 50. Which corporation bought 1.6% of Facebook for $240m? 51. The Kate Moss Collection was launched by what store chain? 52. The two CDs lost by the UK department HMRC (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs) contained personal details of 20m people relating to claims of what? 53. Who resigned as England cricket coach after the 2007 Ashes series 5-0 defeat? 54. What nickname was used by the media for the senior policeman in charge of the Cash for Honours investigation? 55. In May 2007 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced the biggest what in history to date? 56. Intensive British forces operations in Afghanistan through 2007 were centred in which province? 57. In what significant UK location was the August 2007 Climate Change Camp sited? 58. Which movie star left the much publicized 'rude pig' phone message for his twelve year old daughter? 59. In a bizarre 2007 confessional frenzy, Ruth Kelly, Jacqui Smith, Harriet Harman, Hazel Blears and Alistair Darling where among several British government ministers to make what admission? 60. At the end of 2007 how many England Premiership football (soccer) clubs were foreign owned? 61. In June 2007 the Millennium Dome re-opened under what name? 62. Which famous aviator and adventurer went missing over the Nevada Desert in September 2007? 63. The perfume brand 'Mwah' was launched in 2007 by which 'celebrity'? 64. What country celebrated on August 15th 2007 its 60th anniversary of independence from British rule? 65. Who resigned as World Bank President after failing to disprove allegations of his nepotism? 66. Which country won the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup? 67. Following an Ofcom investigation which TV company was judged in September 2007 to be the worst offending in the premium line phone-in scandals? 68. What film won the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture? 69. Speculation towards the end of 2007 suggested that Rupert Murdoch's News International Group was in discussion to buy what significant business networking website? 70. Which rapper cancelled his UK tour when refused entry to the country? 71. What was the name of the Space Shuttle which launched on June 8th 2007? 72. Who made this amusing statement: "I have expressed a degree of regret that may be equated with an apology..." ? 73. Whose secret donations of over half a million pounds caused a big problem for the Labour Party when they were exposed in November 2007? 74. Who became the new French president in 2007? 75. Who was charged with fraud when he reappeared five years after going missing in a canoe off the Cleveland coast? 76. Clarence Mitchell was appointed media spokesman for whom in September 2007? 77. Which Formula One racing team was expelled from the 2007 Constructors Championship for spying on a competitor? 78. Blake Fielder-Civil achieved notoriety as whose errant husband? 79. Which former newspaper owner and business mogul was sentenced to 78 months imprisonment for fraud in December 2007? 80. Which major city switched off its lights for an hour on the evening of 31 March 2007 as a political statement about climate change? 81. What was the village and laboratory site na	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,809	Which British monarch made Leamington Spa royal?	Britain's Royal Boroughs - British Monarchy Family History British Monarchy Family History A Royal Borough is designated with royal status by way of an express wish of a monarch. There are eight Royal Boroughs situated within the United Kingdom, seven in England and one in the Principality of Wales. Found below is a short overview of each one of them. THE ROYAL BOROUGH OF GREENWICH Image courtesy of C.G.P Grey, wikimedia commons Greenwich was designated as a royal borough in 2012 to mark the diamond jubilee of Queen Elisabeth II. Greenwich is situated in south east London on the south bank of the River Thames and is possibly the most famous of all the Royal Boroughs as it is home to the world renowned Greenwich Meridian and Greenwich Mean Time. Before the advent of the Greenwich Meridian, the borough was renowned for being the birthplace of most of the Tudor monarchs at the former Greenwich Palace which once stood in the grounds of Greenwich Park. Today the borough is an UNESCO World Heritage Site which is home to Greenwich Royal Park, The Royal Observatory, The Royal Naval College, the National Maritime Museum, the Queen’s House and the seventeenth century clipper, the Cutty Sark. THE ROYAL BOROUGH OF KENSINGTON AND CHELSEA Image courtesy of myk reeve, wikimedia commons This Royal Borough covers four point seven square miles of central London, and with it's population of nearly one hundred and sixty thousand people, it is the most densely populated borough in the United Kingdom. The borough was designated with royal status in 1965, because it was the birthplace of Queen Victoria at Kensington Palace in 1819. The borough is home to many London tourist attractions including Earls Court Exhibition Centre, Harrods department store, Kensington Palace and it's gardens, The Royal Chelsea Hospital, home of the annual Chelsea Flower Show, The Saatchi Gallery, The Science Museum, The Natural History Museum, The Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Albert Hall. This borough is also classified as being the wealthiest borough in the United Kingdom with seventeen districts, some of which have the most prestigious post codes in the land, which include the elite areas of Bayswater, Belgravia, Chelsea, Knightsbridge and West Kensington, and the iconic streets of Sloan Square, the King’s Road, Kensington High Street, Portobello Road and Notting Hill Gate. Of all the Royal Boroughs Kensington and Chelsea is the easiest to access as it is served by no less than twelve London Underground stations and six underground lines. THE ROYAL BOROUGH OF KINGSTON - UPON - THAMES Image courtesy of Kreepin Deth, wikimedia commons Kingston - Upon - Thames is the United Kingdom's oldest Royal Borough, having been designated as such in 925 AD by Saxon, King Athelsen. The town has been the location of the coronations of seven former Saxon kings of England. These kings were - Edward the Elder in 900 AD, Athelsen in 925 AD, Edmund in 939 AD, Eadred in 946 AD, Eadwig in 956 AD, Edward the Martyr in 975 AD and Ethelred the Unready in 979 AD. Today Kingston – Upon - Thames consists of fourteen districts that cover an area of fourteen point four square miles and includes a picturesque town centre which is home to the medieval, Saxon Coronation Stone and a three mile stretch of the River Thames' south bank, which is believed by many to be the most picturesque route along England's longest river. The borough is located in south, west London and is situated within easy access of Richmond Royal Park, Hampton Court Palace, The Rose Theatre, the All England Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon and the Chessington World of Adventure theme park and zoo. THE ROYAL BOROUGH OF WINDSOR AND MAIDENHEAD Image courtesy of WyrdLight.com Situated twenty five miles west of central London, Windsor is renowned for it's world famous castle which was built by King William the Conqueror which has been the home of every British monarch since. The town is also situated within walking distance of the small town of Eton, home to the United K	Netty Royal uploaded: 2 January 1999 / last modified: 1 January 2000 Archived royal news from my old website for the year 1999. January 2nd Anne of Great Britain, the Princess Royal, has retained her position as the royal family's busiest member in 1998. She carried out 679 engagements; the Queen herself in second place only had 574 engagements. In total the British royal family carried out 3705 engagements (all together 13 members). January 3rd The British Queen Elizabeth wants to open the art collection of the royal family for the public. Therefore an architect is going to design a new gallery in Buckingham Palace. The collection contains paintings of Rembrandt, Johannes Vermeer, Michelangelo, Raphael and others. It should be opened in February 2002, in the year the Queen hopes to celebrate her 50th reign anniversary. January 4th If necessary King Sihanouk of Cambodge wants to testify himself if the UN should establish an international court of justice to trial the Red Khmer leaders arrested for two weeks. He would even give up his royal and constitutional immunity and even accept an eventually imprisonment himself. King Sihanouk has also been King for a short while during the Red Khmer domination in the 70's. According to some reports the British Princes William and Harry and about 20 friends celebrated a party at Windsor Castle on December 20th after Queen Elizabeth and her husband Prince Philip went to bed. It seems they played music and drank alcohol. They should have gone sleighing in the garden on serving-trays from the kitchen. During a ski trip in Are, Sweden, King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden gave first aid to a Japanese tourist who lost his friends out of sight. They stayed with him until there came some help. When the friends and the Japanese man wanted to thank the rescuers they had already disappeared. January 5th Princess Juliana of the Netherlands (89) was taken to hospital in Utrecht yesterday, after she felt unwell at her home. It seems it goes about hart problems. After some examinations she went home in the evening today. January 6th The news everybody was waiting for has been announced finally by Buckingham Palace: Prince Edward, youngest son of the Queen, is finally getting married. The happy girl is Sophie Rhys-Jones, his girlfriend since at least 1993. The wedding will probably take place in the late spring or early summer, with the couple favouring St.George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. It seems Edward finally asked Sophie to marry him just before Christmas and she was fully surprised. Sophie Rhys-Jones was born in Oxford on January 20th 1965 as the only daughter of Christopher and Mary Rhys-Jones. She attended Dulwich College in Cranbrook and West Kent College in Pembury. She worked for Capital Radio and Jet Services before going into PR-business. She runs her own company now. January 7th On New Year's Day Prince Bernhard jr. of the Netherlands broke his left leg during snowboarding in Austria. January 9th In St.Michael's Church in Ghent, Belgium (and not Antwerp), Arch Duchess Catharina of Habsburg married Count Massimiliano Secco di Aragona. In 1500 the Roman Emperor Charles V (from whom Catharina descents) was born in this parish. Hundreds of guests from the European nobility, amongst them members of the Belgian royal family, joined the celebration. On December 4th the couple had celebrated their civil wedding in Woluwe, Brussels, Belgium. January 10th No one will be officially blamed for the accident in which Princess Diana, Dodi El-Fayed and driver Henri Paul found the death. However the Court of Justice in Paris says they didn't finish the case yet. One of Britains most notorious aristocrats, the Marques of Bristol (44), died in his sleep at his home Little Horringer Hall, on the Ickworth estate in Suffolk. After inheriting lots of money from his	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,810	'Britain's Got Talent' judge Amanda Holden's first TV appearance was in 1991 on which programme?	Amanda Holden 1991 Blind Date UK TV (Britain's Got Talent judge) 'Before they were famous' - YouTube Amanda Holden 1991 Blind Date UK TV (Britain's Got Talent judge) 'Before they were famous' Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Apr 19, 2009 An early 1991 appearance on UK TV's Blind Date programme. Then unknown trying to get famous! Now known as a judge on Britain's Got Talent. Category	List of television programmes broadcast by the BBC - WikiVisually FEATURED ARTICLES · CHANGE LANGUAGE · hover over links in text for more info click links in text for more info List of television programmes broadcast by the BBC From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2014) Children's television programmes can be found at List of BBC children's television programmes . Contents Comedy[ edit ] The Catherine Tate Show (BBC Two 2004–2007, BBC One 2009 and 2013–present) (From 2013 as Catherine Tate's Nan) Not Going Out (BBC One 6 October 2006–present) Citizen Khan (BBC One 27 August 2012 – present) Cuckoo (BBC Three 25 September 2012 – present) Blandings (BBC One 13 January 2013–present) Count Arthur Strong (BBC Two 8 July 2013 – 13 August 2013, BBC One 6 January 2015 – present) Badults (BBC Three 23 July 2013 – present) Still Open All Hours (BBC One 26 December 2013 – present) Boomers (BBC One 15 August 2014 – present) Uncle (BBC Three 13 January 2014 – present) Inside No. 9 (BBC Two 5 February 2014–present) W1A (BBC Two 19 March 2014 – present) continuation of Twenty Twelve (otherwise known as Two Thousand Twelve) (BBC Two 14 March 2011 – 24 July 2012) Tracey Ullman's Show (BBC One 11 January 2016–present) Mum (BBC Two 13 May 2016–present) Love, Nina (BBC One 20 May 2016–present) Drama[ edit ] Doctor Who (BBC One 23 November 1963 – 6 December 1989; 27 May 1996; 26 March 2005 – present) Silent Witness (BBC One 21 February 1996 – present) Jonathan Creek (BBC One 10 May 1997 – present) Inspector George Gently (BBC One 8 April 2007 – present) Sherlock (BBC One 25 July 2010 – present) Case Histories (BBC One 5 June 2011 – present) Call the Midwife (BBC One 15 January 2012 – present) The Syndicate (BBC One 27 March 2012 – present) Line of Duty (BBC Two 26 June 2012 – 2016, BBC One 2017-present) Murder (BBC Two 26 August 2012–present) Last Tango in Halifax (BBC One 20 November 2012 – present) Ripper Street (BBC One 30 December 2012 – present) Father Brown (BBC One 14 January 2013 – present) Shetland (BBC One 10 March 2013 – present) WPC 56 (BBC One 18 March 2013–present) Our Girl (BBC One 24 March 2013 – present) The Village (BBC One 31 March 2013 – present) The Fall (BBC Two 13 May 2013 – present) Peaky Blinders (BBC Two 12 September 2013–present) Hinterland (BBC One Wales 4 January 2014 – present, BBC Four 28 April 2014 – present) Happy Valley (BBC One 29 April 2014 – present) In the Club (BBC One 5 August 2014 – present) The Missing (BBC One 28 October 2014 – present) Poldark (BBC One 8 March 2015 – present) Ordinary Lies (BBC One 17 March 2015 – present) Doctor Foster (BBC One 9 September 2015 – present) River (BBC One 13 October 2015 – present) The A Word (BBC One 22 March 2016 – present) New Blood (BBC One 9 June 2016 –present) Class (BBC Three 22 October 2016) [1] Have I Got News for You (BBC One & BBC Two 28 September 1990–present, repeated on Dave) QI (BBC One, BBC Two & BBC Four 11 September 2003–present, repeated on Dave) Mock the Week (BBC Two 5 June 2005–present, repeated on Dave) EastEnders (BBC One 19 February 1985–present) Casualty (BBC One 6 September 1986–present) Holby City (BBC One 12 January 1999–present) Doctors (BBC One 27 March 2000–present) For What It's Worth (BBC One 4 January 2016–present) Think Tank (BBC One 21 March 2016–present) The Code (BBC One 18 April 2016–present) Blue Peter (BBC One 1958–2012, CBBC 2013–present) Countryfile (BBC One 1988–present) Celebrity Mastermind (BBC One 2004–present) The Apprentice (BBC Two 2005–2006, BBC One 2007–present) The Graham Norton Show (BBC One February 2007–present) Backchat (BBC Three 2013-2014, BBC Two 2014-present) Revenge of the Egghead (BBC Two 2014–present) Killer Magic (BBC Three March 2015 – present) Anansi Boys (BBC One 2017) Taboo (BBC One 2017) 199 Park Lane (BBC One 1965) 1990 (BBC Two 1977–1978) 2000 Today The BBCs Millennium Broadcast (BBC One 31 December 1999 –	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,811	The hypnotist Svengali is a character in which 1894 novel by George du Maurier?	Svengali - definition of Svengali by The Free Dictionary Svengali - definition of Svengali by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Svengali Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Related to Svengali: Rasputin n. pl. Sven·ga·lis A person who manipulates or controls another, especially by force of personality for malicious purposes. [After Svengali, , the hypnotist villain in the novel Trilby by George du Maurier.] Svengali (Psychology) a person who controls another's mind, usually with sinister intentions [after a character in George Du Maurier's novel Trilby (1894)] Sven•ga•li n. a person who completely dominates another, usu. with selfish or evil motives. [1940–45; after the evil hypnotist of the same name in the novel Trilby (1894) by German. Du Maurier] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Svengali - someone (usually maleficent) who tries to persuade or force another person to do his bidding persuader , inducer - someone who tries to persuade or induce or lead on 2. Svengali - the musician in a novel by George du Maurier who controls Trilby's singing hypnotically Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: trilby References in periodicals archive ? 8DA YESTERDAY'S SOLUTIONS WEE THINKER ACROSS: 7 Revolve 9 Nicks 10 Inner 11 Thermal 12 Era 13 Irritate 16 Disagree 17 Nit 19 Rotates 21 Visor 22 Forgo 23 Screech DOWN: 1 Braised 2 Svengali 3 Blur 4 Unsettle 5 Scam 6 Psalm 8 Enterprises 13 Inaction 14 Tungsten 15 Starchy 18 Craft 20 Tarn T 21 Vera QUICKIE ACROSS: 1 Advertising 8 Use 9 One 11 Liaison 12 Essay 13 Car 14 Ewe 15 Fine art 17 Rub 19Warp 21 Obey 23 Spot 25 Star 27 Elm 29 Attempt 31 Ape 34 End 36 Koala 37 Twirled 38 T Yes 39 Say 40 Teetotaller T DOWN: 1 Asia 2 Dear 3 En suite 4 Tanker T 5 Shear 6 Nose 7 Gnaw 8 Ulcer 10 Eye up 16 Two T 18 Boa 20 Ate 22 Bra 24 Pep pill 25 Shaky 26 Beat it 28 Muddy 30 Toast 32 T Poet 33 Ease 34 Else 35 Near	Jim Broadbent \| Biography and Filmography \| 1949 Voiced the character of Santa in the animated feature "Arthur Christmas" 2010 Re-teamed with director Mike Leigh for "Another Year" 2009 Played King William IV, opposite Emily Blunt as Queen Victoria, in "The Young Victoria" 2009 Joined the cast of "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" as Horace Slughorn, the newly appointed Hogwarts Potions master 2008 Cast in the fourth film in the Indiana Jones series, "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull" 2007 Cast as chief Inspector Butterman in the U.K. comedy "Hot Fuzz" 2007 Portrayed the Earl of Longford in the HBO original movie "Longford"; earned an Emmy nomination for Best Actor 2006 Cast in Terry Zwigoff's adaptation of Daniel Clowes' comic story "Art School Confidential" 2005 Voiced Madame Gasket in the animated feature "Robots" 2005 Cast in Andrew Adamson's adaption of C.S. Lewis' children's novel "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe 2004 Cast as Lord Kelvin in Disney's live action feature "Around the World in 80 Days" based on the classical novel by Jules Verne 2004 Reprised his role as Bridget's dad in "Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason" 2003 Received a Grammy nomination for Best Spoken Word Album for his work on Winnie-The-Pooh 2002 Cast as Desmond Morton in the HBO miniseries "The Gathering Storm"; earned a Golden Globe nomination 2002 Cast as Boss Tweed in Martin Scorsese's "Gangs of New York" 2001 Won an Oscar playing John Bayley, the husband of writer Iris Murdoch, in the biopic "Iris" 2001 Portrayed Zidler, the owner of the titular establishment, in "Moulin Rouge!" 2001 Played the title character's father in "Bridget Jones's Diary" 2000 Co-starred as William Gilbert in Mike Leigh's biopic of Gilbert & Sullivan "Topsy-Turvy" 1998 Offered a fine supporting turn as a sleazy nightclub owner in "Little Voice" 1996 Landed featured role in "The Secret Agent" 1995 Reunited with Loncraine for "Richard III"; played the Duke of Buckingham 1994 Featured in Woody Allen's "Bullets Over Broadway" 1994 Directed by Richard Loncraine in BBC's "Wide-Eyed and Legless" (released theatrically in the U.S. as "The Wedding Gift") 1992 Penned (also acted) the comedy short "A Sense of History" (aka "Two Mikes Don't Make a Wright"), again directed by Mike Leigh 1991 Played first leading role in a feature "Life is Sweet," directed by Mike Leigh 1991 Acted in the British six-part comedy-drama series "Gone to Dogs" 1989 Acted in London at the Old Vic in a revival of the Georges Feydeau comedy, "A Flea in Her Ear" 1988 Cast as Prince Albert in the BBC comedy "Blackadder's Christmas Carol" 1987 First American film, "Superman IV: The Quest for Peace" 1986 Most prominent feature role up to that time, "The Good Father"; also first feature film for director Mike Newell 1985 Had featured role in the BBC adaptation of "Silas Marner" 1983 Acted in Leigh's TV production "Birth of a Nation: Tales Out of School" 1979 Earliest collaboration with Mike Leigh was a stage production of Leigh's "Ecstasy" 1978 Earliest feature film appearances included small roles in the British films, "The Life Story of Baal" and "The Shout" 1977	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,812	What is a seismometer used to measure?	How does a seismograph work? What is the Richter scale? \| HowStuffWorks How does a seismograph work? What is the Richter scale? Jason Reed/ Getty Images A seismograph is the device that scientists use to measure earthquakes. The goal of a seismograph is to accurately record the motion of the ground during a quake. If you live in a city, you may have noticed that buildings sometimes shake when a big truck or a subway train rolls by. Good seismographs are therefore isolated and connected to bedrock to prevent this sort of "data pollution." The main problem that must be solved in creating a seismograph is that when the ground shakes, so does the instrument. Therefore, most seismographs involve a large mass of some sort. You could make a very simple seismograph by hanging a large weight from a rope over a table. By attaching a pen to the weight and taping a piece of paper to the table so that the pen can draw on the paper, you could record tremors in the Earth's crust (earthquakes). If you used a roll of paper and a motor that slowly pulled the paper across the table, you would be able to record tremors over time. However, it would take a pretty large tremor for you to see anything. In a real seismograph, levers or electronics are used to magnify the signal so that very small tremors are detectable. A big mechanical seismograph may have a weight attached that weighs 1,000 pounds (450 kg) or more, and it drives a set of levers that significantly magnify the pen's motion. Up Next How Volcanoes Work The Richter scale is a standard scale used to compare earthquakes. It is a logarithmic scale, meaning that the numbers on the scale measure factors of 10. So, for example, an earthquake that measures 4.0 on the Richter scale is 10 times larger than one that measures 3.0. On the Richter scale, anything below 2.0 is undetectable to a normal person and is called a microquake. Microquakes occur constantly. Moderate earthquakes measure less than 6.0 or so on the Richter scale. Earthquakes measuring more than 6.0 can cause significant damage. The biggest quake in the world since 1900 scored a 9.5 on the Richter scale. It rocked Chile on May 22, 1960. 1	Seattle Earthquake - Feb. 28, 2001 Strong Quake Rattles Seattle, Buildings Emptied 2-28-2001 updated 4-20-2001 250 injuries - no deaths attributed to the quake A strong earthquake measuring 6.8 in magnitude and lasting about 45 seconds rocked Seattle on February 28, knocking chunks of masonry from skyscrapers and forcing thousands to flee their homes, schools and offices. (Reuters Graphic) An aftershock of 3.4 occurred early in the morning of March 1, 2001 AFTERSHOCKS So far the aftershocks have been mild. 2.7 2001/03/01 06:23:34 47.180N 122.729W 51.3 19 km (12 mi) NE of Olympia, WA 1.4 2001/03/01 01:45:01 47.449N 122.928W 8.6 26 km (16 mi) WSW of Bremerton, WA 1.2 2001/03/01 01:38:39 46.344N 122.260W 13.4 17 km (11 mi) NNW of Mount St. Helens 3.4 2001/03/01 01:10:20 47.197N 122.713W 54.3 21 km (13 mi) W of Tacoma, WA 2.0 2001/02/28 16:50:09 47.438N 122.913W 15.3 26 km (16 mi) SW of Bremerton, WA 1.2 2001/02/28 15:45:35 47.224N 122.678W 25.9 19 km (12 mi) W of Tacoma, WA 1.4 2001/02/28 11:49:48 46.851N 121.751W 0.0 1 km ( 0 mi) ESE of Mount Rainier. WA 6.8 2001/02/28 10:54:32 47.149N 122.727W 51.9 18 km (11 mi) NE of Olympia, WA PREPARE FOR ANOTHER QUAKE Jim Berkland's primary earthquake window for March 7-14th, likely site is Seattle. Be prepared for another quake, no matter when it should occur. 1)Put little latches on all your kitchen cabinets. 2) small angle brackets securing your book shelves to the wall. 3) velcro the bottom of knick knacs, sm. statuary or vases to their placements. 4) velcro corners of paintings on walls to prevent them from slipping or sliding off their picture hooks. 5) Sun screen vellums applied to inside of windows will prevent glass from shattering inward. 6) lg angle brackets to secure supporting exterior posts to either side of beam. 7) extra large tarps to lay over roofed areas that may have cracked and be exposed to rain. 8) Clorox for purifying contaminated water. 9: hammer and long nails to re-secure exterior siding. 10) criss cross X inside windows with wide strapping tape. Do not be embarrassed to leave it applied during any suggested earthquake window. 11) several jugs of vodka and a goodly supply of chips and dips. 12) know how to turn off the valves to your incoming water and fuel supply. 13) Empty clorox jugs filled with water will flush your toilets. 14) 3 hour logs cut into 3 sections will provide 9 hours of heat or flame to warm an elevated closed pot of water. (logs can be sawed into smaller slices, or 20 minute logs are also available at most stores. These can also be divided to 2 or 3 sections. You will need a lighter! 15) do you have survival gear in the trunk of your car? Warm jacket, blanket, walking shoes, med supplies, tarps, etc? Plastic garbage bags can be rain blankets. 16) keep your gas tank full and a couple of cans of compressed air for your tires. 17) portable radios, a cell phone and flashlights 18) porta-potty, aka, zip loc bags, kleenex 19) add your own needs to this list. 20) check on the welfare of your neighbors SHARING LIGHT, LEE GUILMETTE CHIN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Posted Feb. 4, 2001 FEBRUARY 22 - MARCH 6 DOG - South & Central America, Gulf of Mexico Solar flares will be high during this window with an increase in volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions in Mexico, Central America and Caribbean will increase at the same time as volcanic eruptions in the Equatorial Pacific areas of Indonesia and Philippines. Surprise storms and flooding will continue through this window. La Nina is looking at us. If solar activity reaches Class X flare levels, earthquakes will decrease. But if solar activity is only moderately high moderately large earthquakes can be expected in areas of the Pacific. Very large earthquakes could occur between 60 and 77 degrees west longitude. Equal & Opposite - Equatorial Pacific to Japan: Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, China Best regards, Posted by Bob in Pacifica at February 19, 2001 at 01:30:58 AM CST Posting: At 10.22 pm. had a 20 second stong right ear tone, the SAF had what may have been a foreshock at 8.38 pm. earlier tonight. Rig	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,813	What is the name of the high speed train service that connects London to Paris and Brussels?	Eurostar high-speed train \| Eurail.com Eurostar Eurostar high-speed train Eurostar is a high-speed train connecting Great Britain to Continental Europe. The Eurostar travels via the Channel Tunnel, and brings you from London to Paris or Brussels in less than 2,5 hours. The Eurostar also travels direct to Calais, Lille, and Disneyland Paris (Marne-la-Vallée). Facilities and Services Eurostar high-speed train routes Eurostar operate almost hourly departures with regular direct routes to and from central London to the heart of Paris (France) and Brussels (Belgium). Eurostar services also connect with many TGV and Thalys services to transport you to many cities across France and the Benelux. The Eurostar offers the following routes: London - Paris R Reservation: mandatory When a reservation is mandatory you must reserve a seat in advance. It's not possible to board the train without this reservation. Reservations on the Eurostar are mandatory. You can start making your reservations 3 months in advance. Your Eurail Pass needs to be valid in either France or the Benelux. How to make your reservations for the Eurostar You can reserve your seat on the Eurostar in the following ways:	RMS St Helena will make historic visit to London before retirement in 2016 - Captain Greybeard RMS St Helena will make historic visit to London before retirement in 2016 The last sailings of RMS St Helena next year will include a rare visit to the UK. The two-week trip from the remote South Atlantic island, via Tenerife, used to be a feature of the ship’s regular service, but in recent years it has been confined to a shuttle between Cape Town and Ascension, with an occasional diversion to Tristan da Cunha. The island’s first airport will open for business in May and the ship, which is the only regular link to the outside world for the 4,000 islanders, will be retired in July. The 6,700-ton vessel was built in Aberdeen in 1989, and until 2011 ran a service from Portland, Dorset, to the south Atlantic. It is one of only two vessels still to carry the Royal Mail Ship designation – the other is Cunard’s Queen Mary 2. On her visit to London, the ship will pass under Tower Bridge and be moored alongside HMS Belfast from 5 to 14 June. The vessel, which carries cargo as well as passengers, will be at anchor in St James Bay for the airport opening and for five days in July before the final sailing, which arrives in Cape Town on 15 July. Construction of St Helena’s airport, at Prosperous Bay Plain, has involved the movement of millions of tons of rock to create a 5,000-ft runway. A weekly flight will operate to Johannesburg, much to the dismay of the islanders, whose previous connections with South Africa have all been through Cape Town. Talks are continuing in attempts to establish a regular service to the United Kingdom, and to Ascension Island, where many Saints find employment on the military base.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,814	Florimania is a passion for what?	Florimania \| Define Florimania at Dictionary.com florimania a passion for flowers, flowering plants Dictionary.com's 21st Century Lexicon	Coronation Street \| Television New Zealand \| Entertainment \| TVNZ 1, TVNZ 2 In the beginning… Coronation Street began at 7pm on Friday 9 December 1960. The first episode was transmitted live. Nearly 8000 episodes later Coronation Street continues to be a ratings success, captivating audiences worldwide. A young scriptwriter called Tony Warren created the series, originally titled Florizel Street. The first episode was penned within 24 hours, 13 episodes were commissioned and the face of British television was set to change forever. Broadcast facts Viewers were given their first glimpse of Coronation Street in full colour when the first colour episode was transmitted on 3rd November 1969. A live episode was broadcast to mark the series' 40th anniversary in December 2000 - the first time the show had been broadcast live since 1960 and 1961. Another live episode aired to mark the 50th anniversary in 2010. The 1000th episode was transmitted on 24th August 1970. Famous fans include: Anthony Hopkins; Michael Parkinson; Julie Walters; Cliff Richard; Victoria Wood; Cilla Black; Cheryl Cole; Snoop Dogg. A number of famous faces have paid visits to the set including: Diana Dors; Dustin Hoffman; Alfred Hitchcock; Howard Keel; Boy George; Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair; Queen Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh. On 8 August 1979, the programme was taken off air as part of an ITV strike. It returned to the screen on 24 October. The series originally aired twice a week. A third weekly episode was introduced in 1989, and a fourth in 1996. Coronation Street has broadcast five times a week since 2002. The production team has travelled abroad to film at foreign locations on seven occasions: Majorca (1974); Torremolinos (1987); Normandy (1994); Amsterdam (1998); Paris (2000 and 2006); Malta (2007). There have been five spin-off video/DVD releases: The Feature Length QE2 Special (1995); Viva Las Vegas (1997); Out of Africa (2008); Romanian Holiday (2009); A Knight's Tale (2010). A six-part series ('After Hours') set in Brighton, featuring the returns of Bet Gilroy and Reg Holdsworth, aired in November 1999. Cast facts William Tarmey and Elizabeth Dawn both appeared as background artists for several years before making their debuts as Jack and Vera Duckworth. Rita ( played by Barbara Knox ) first appeared on screen on 2 December 1964. Famous faces who have walked on the Weatherfield cobbles include: Joanna Lumley; Ben Kingsley; Ian McKellen; Stephanie Beacham; Patricia Routledge; Patrick Stewart; Martin Shaw; June Whitfield; Anna Friel; Nigel Havers. Celebrities who have appeared as background artists on the show include: Cliff Richard; Mel B; Peter Schmeichel. Roy Barraclough played three different characters during the 1960s, before first appearing as Alec Gilroy on 26 June 1972. After 13 years, Patricia Phoenix (Elsie Tanner) left the programme on 8 October 1973. She returned in 1976 and remained for 8 more years, appearing in 1641 episodes. Mike Baldwin made his first appearance on 11 October 1976 and bowed out 30 years later on 7 April 2006 after 2383 episodes. He remains one of the 10 longest-serving cast members in the show's 53 year history. Doris Speed was awarded an MBE by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 29 November 1977. Violet Carson made her last appearance as Ena Sharples after 1150 episodes on 4 April 1980. Jean Alexander made her last appearance as Hilda Ogden on 25 December 1987 - an episode watched by 26 million people. In 1988, she became the first soap opera performer to be nominated for a BAFTA award. HRH The Prince of Wales made a pre-recorded cameo appearance in the 40th anniversary live episode on 8th December 2000. In HM Queen Elizabeth II's 2010 birthday honours, Barbara Knox and Eileen Derbyshire were awarded MBEs. Corrie firsts First birth: Elsie Tanner's grandson Paul Cheveski on 12 June 1961. First marriage: Jack and Annie Walker's daughter Joan to Gordon Davies on 8 March 1961. First death: The first death was the original resident of No.13, May Hardman, in Episode 7 on 31 December 1960	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,815	What hard candy, with a hole in the middle, comes in a foil roll and features the 5 standard flavors of cherry, pineapple, raspberry, watermelon, and orange?	Is This A Yummy Gummy For Your Tummy? - Read expert review at epinions.com Is This A Yummy Gummy For Your Tummy? Review by Freak369 in Books, Kids & Family, Wellness & Beauty, Music, Restaurants & Gourmet, Home and Garden, Online Stores & Services, Business & Technology in Kids & Family, Wellness & Beauty, Online Stores & Services June, 24 2008 Pros: Five flavors, cool packaging, 130 calories for the 1.5 ounce serving. Cons: Tray is a waste of plastic, 30 grams of carbohydrates. Being a slight fan of certain gummy treats, when I saw the Life Savers Gummies on sale I had to grab a few packs to try them out. I had them before in the bagged format and didn't like the way that they would clump together. I figured that the individual serving style would be a little easier to pick through to get my favorite flavors out and it would be interesting to see how they compared to other gummy treats as well as the flavor of the original hard candy Life Savers. How was the taste? Well, it was like a watered down generic version of a Life Saver but you do have to keep in mind that you are dealing with a gummy candy so it isn&#146t going to have the same exact taste. If you are into gummy foods and snacks then these are a pretty nice thing to check out and try but if you are expecting them to have any type of strong flavor to them, you will be disappointed. Yeah, that sort of sucks to have to admit that but its better to know what these taste like upfront than to get all jacked up about them and wonder where all the flavor is. Life Savers 'Five Flavor' Gummies The five flavor pack contains the following assortment; watermelon, cherry, green apple, blackberry and strawberry. One of the hardest things is trying to tell the flavors apart from each other based on their color. One thing that did irk me was there were more green apple gummies than any other flavor and, as luck would have it, its not one of my favorites. As a whole the flavors are appealing but they aren't very strong so when you are chewing on them it doesn't seem like you are getting any type of true fruit flavor from them. Oh sure, you get a little but not nearly as much as you would from a hard candy Life Saver. One of the redeeming things about these is they get softer and softer as you suck on them; I tried to slip my tongue completely through the hole but never managed to get it the whole way on so either I have a really fat tongue or these aren't as gummy as other round solid gelatinous treats I have had in the past. The packaging is a little better than other roll styled gummy treats; they are packaged on a plastic tray and set at a slight angle. This makes for good presentation but at the same time it does make them hard to tell the different colors / flavors apart. The plastic tray does help to keep them from sticking to each other but it does cut down on the actual amount of product that they could potentially fit into the foil sleeve. These are packaged in 1.5 ounce wrappers and if they omitted the plastic tray they could easily bump that up to two ounces but that would make too much sense and save unnecessary plastic from being added to landfills. Of course if the tray wasn't there the gummies would have a much greater chance of sticking to each other and that could make them just as horrible to have to deal with as the bagged version. Under normal conditions the gummies shouldn't stick to each other but in warmer weather they can get a little tacky. Likewise, they will be harder in the colder months, at least that was what I noticed when I had these in December in the bagged version. Because they are gummy they are a good treat for younger kids; usually I warn against giving these to kids in case they bite off too much or swallow them without chewing them completely. In the case of the Life Saver Gummies there's no real danger of them choking because of the hole in the middle. If you do swallow one they will still be able to get some air into their lungs so any drama you see will be a reaction to having something stuck in their throat. These do start to get a	Jacques Cartier \| Exploration \| France Jacques Cartier You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 7 to 102 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 106 to 110 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,816	Who was on the English throne at the time of the 'Battle of Trafalgar'?	England Expects: Nelson and the Battle of Trafalgar Ancient Britain ï¿½ Castles ï¿½ Churches/Cathedrals ï¿½ Houses/Manors ï¿½ Museums ï¿½ Towns ï¿½ Countryside ï¿½ London ï¿½ History & Folklore ï¿½ Travel Tips Test daily news England Expects: Nelson and the Battle of Trafalgar by Dawn Copeman Thanks to ABBA, we all know that in 1815 "at Waterloo Napoleon did surrender", yet in Britain the Battle of Trafalgar is the most celebrated of the Napoleonic battles. So why do the British make such a big deal of Trafalgar? Well, firstly, it was at the close of this battle that a national hero, Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson, died. Secondly, the Battle of Trafalgar secured for Britain supremacy of the seas and ensured that the French could not proceed with their intended invasion of Britain. Yes, you read that right. In 1804 when Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of the French he also drew up plans for an invasion of Britain and assembled his "Army of England" at Boulogne. Napoleon tried to invade England on several occasions, but was thwarted each time. The first attempt in February 1804 was abandoned due to a royalist plot against Napoleon. The second planned invasion in summer 1804 was cancelled when Admiral Latouche-Treville, the commander of the French fleet in Toulon, died and had to be replaced with Admiral Pierre de Villeneuve. The third planned invasion early in 1805 failed due to bad weather. It was because of the threat of a French invasion that the 74 Martello Towers that line the South Coast of England -- from Folkestone to Seaford -- were constructed. The towers were built every quarter of a mile except where cliffs protected the coast. They were named after the Tower of Mortella in Corsica which, despite being manned by only 38 men, survived an attack by two ships and a detachment of troops in 1794. Napoleon was determined to invade Britain in 1805, but many of his fleets had been blockaded in their ports by the British fleets. So he tried to lure the British out to the east, which would enable his fleets to escape and converge on Britain. Whilst he was a brilliant military strategist, however, he was no naval man and had no real understanding of naval warfare. He expected his ships to be at specific locations by certain dates and made no allowances for winds or for the British fleet anticipating his moves. Thus in reality his elaborate plans were impractical. Nevertheless Nelson was kept busy throughout most of 1805 chasing the French fleet around the Mediterranean. In fact Nelson had been at sea almost continuously from 1803 to 1805, a mammoth achievement considering the lack of British bases at which to take on supplies. This alone helped to raise Nelson's profile amongst the normal British population, as this letter to Nelson from Hugh Elliot of Naples shows: "to have kept your ships afloat, your rigging standing, and crews in health and spirits is an effort such as was never realized in former times, nor I doubt, will ever again be repeated by any other admiral. You have protected us for two long years, and you have saved the West Indies." Nelson was renowned for ensuring the health and welfare of his men. He insisted that all sailors suck lemons, oranges or limes every day to prevent scurvy -- which is why British sailors were known as limeys. And he was very good at keeping their morale up -- all this despite suffering almost continuously from sea-sickness, an ailment he was determined not to let stand in the way of his naval career. That career was an odd choice for a son of a Norfolk village parson! Horatio Nelson was born on the 29th September 1758 in the village of Burnham Thorpe in Norfolk. He entered the navy in 1770 aged just twelve and progressed quickly through the ranks. He was made admiral in 1797. Nelson paid dearly for his rank: he lost his right eye at Corsica in 1794, suffered an internal rupture at St Vincent in February 1797, lost his right arm at Tenerife in July, and finally suffered a head wound in 1798 during the Battle of the Nile. Some historians believe this head wound caused a mental im	London 2012: Faster, higher stranger – quirky offcuts of the Olympics \| Sport \| The Guardian London 2012: Faster, higher stranger – quirky offcuts of the Olympics A sideways look at reaction to the London Olympic Games Kenneth Branagh, top left, starring as Isambard Kingdom Brunel, starring as Abraham Lincoln at the London Olympics opening ceremony. Photo: Paul Gilham/Getty Images Observer Sport staff Saturday 28 July 2012 12.09 EDT First published on Saturday 28 July 2012 12.09 EDT Close THE CEREMONY: BEST INSTANT REACTIONS US viewers reacting on Twitter to Kenneth Branagh's Isambard Kingdom Brunel: "The Olympics lost me ... why is Abraham Lincoln dancing?"; "Is that Abraham Lincoln speaking right now?"; "Why is abraham lincoln at the olympics?" BEST PACE CHANGE NBC – the American broadcaster getting the most out of the ceremony by showing it on delay, chopping it up for ad breaks and replacing the far-too-downbeat segment featuring the "memorial wall" tribute to the dead and Abide with Me with an upbeat Ryan Seacrest interview. BEST COMEBACK Aidan Burley MP, sacked by David Cameron last year for "offensive" behaviour during a Nazi-themed stag party, apologising for his Twitter verdict on the ceremony ("leftie multi-cultural crap"): "Seems my tweet has been misunderstood." THE BIG FIGURES The biggest ever British TV audiences: ■ 32.3m: 1966 World Cup final. ■ 32.1m: Diana's funeral, 1997 ■ 30.69m: Royal Family documentary, 1969 ■ 30.15m: EastEnders (Den v Angie), 1986; ■ 28.6m: Apollo 13, 1970 ■ 28.49m: 1970 FA Cup final replay (Chelsea v Leeds) ■ 28.4m: Wedding of Charles and Diana, 1981 ■ 27.6m: Wedding of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips, 1973 ■ 27m: Olympic opening ceremony, 2012 PLUS: THE CEREMONY'S UNANSWERED QUESTIONS 1. Just how big is Trevor Nelson's family? 2. Who would have rung the bell at the start if Bradley Wiggins had not won in the Tour? 3. Does Danny Boyle get knighted now or in the New Year? 4. What acting projects does the Queen have lined up next? LAST WEEK'S OTHER HIGHLIGHTS Thursday: Five Live's Nicky Campbell asked listeners: "Do you have the Olympic tingle?", then unwittingly read out a tweet from a spoof account in the name of Twenty Twelve character Siobhan Sharpe: "Like totes, for real." DRIVER OF THE WEEK Wednesday, 6pm: a driver on the Victoria line near Kings Cross provoking groans by telling delay-weary London Underground passengers: "Ladies and gentlemen, some Olympic news." Then he told them: "In women's football, Great Britain have beaten New Zealand 1-0!" GUIDE OF THE WEEK CNN – talking American visitors through how to fit in to life in London. "The secret to blending in with locals lies solely in the use of one word: 'innit' – a colloquial abbreviation of 'isn't it?' Confusingly, although 'innit' implies a query, this uniquely London method of punctuating sentences is a purely rhetorical device. Thus, 'Time for drink, innit?' is wrong but 'I've had four pints and no dinner, innit' is grammatically perfect." Plus: "In some bars you may see something called 'Pork Scratchings' for sale. These are not for you." BEST PUBLICITY MACHINE Boris Johnson: operating in full calculated buffoon mode. Earned some headlines on Thursday with his defence of sponsor McDonald's. "This is bourgeois snobbery … classic liberal hysteria about very nutritious, delicious, food – extremely good for you I'm told. Not that I eat a lot of it myself." APOLOGY OF THE WEEK The Westfield Stratford shopping centre: "sincerely sorry" for creating Arabic welcome banners that were "pretty much unintelligible" to speakers of the language. The error also appeared on staff uniforms. The Council for Advancing Arab-British Relations said the banners were the equivalent of signs supposed to read "WELCOME TO LONDON" being printed: "N O D N O L O T E M O C L E W." NAME OF THE WEEK Australian eventing horse Allofasudden: called up to the team as a surprise last-minute replacement, and withdrawn injured again days before the competition. WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH THE DRUNKEN SAILOR? The South Korea Sailing Federation apologising on Fri	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,817	How are Florence Welsh and her backing artists known collectively?	1000+ images about Florence Welsh on Pinterest \| Florence the machines, Its always and Maximalism The Florence + the Machine singer has a taste for theatrical maximalism that's bewitched both music and fashion lovers alike. In a showstopping melange of bronze, brass, and brocade, the otherworldly beauty casts a spell. See More	1966 Performers British Chartbusters of the 60s & 70s 1966 The British charts of 1966 saw the Beatles concentrate on albums while the Beach Boys, Spencer Davis and the Troggs stole the singles charts. The Beatles were once again biggest artists of the year - the same year that John Lennon made his disastrous claim that they were more popular than Jesus. They had number one hits with "Paperback Writer" and then "Yellow Submarine/Eleanor Rigby" (third biggest single of the year) but their days of million selling singles in Britain were over. However, they were selling ever more copies of their albums. First "Rubber Soul" and then "Revolver" topped the album charts on the few occasions that "The Sound of Music" film soundtrack moved from the top spot. Buy the Greatest Hits Second place for 1966 belongs to the Beach Boys. They finally broke into the UK charts with a trio of top three hits led by "Barbara Ann" then "Sloop John B" and "God Only Knows" before making number one with "Good Vibrations". Their LP, "Pet Sounds" was also a big success in 1966 and went on to be one of the most acclaimed albums of the decade. Buy the Greatest Hits In third for the year were the Spencer Davis Group. They had an excellent run following a January number one, "Keep on Running" with another chart topper "Somebody Help Me". Later in the year they were at number two with "Gimme Some Loving". And they found time for a top twenty position with "When I Come Home". Buy the Greatest Hits The Troggs became the number four act of the year thanks to a series of big selling singles starting with a number two, "Wild Thing" then a number one for "With a Girl Like You" and another number two with "I Can't Control Myself" and finishing with a top ten position for "Any Way That You Want Me". Buy the Greatest Hits Number five spot was held by the Rolling Stones. In addition to a long running number one spot for album "Aftermath" the band managed a number one single with "Paint It Black". They also had top ten success with "Nineteenth Nervous Breakdown" and "Have You Seen Your Mother Baby" in 1966.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,818	What is the family name of the ruling dynasty of Monaco?	History of Monaco HISTORY Since ancient times, Monaco has always been at the crossroads of history. Initially the Ligurians, the ancient people who first settled Monaco, were concerned with the strategic location of the Rock of Monaco. Evidence of the Ligurian occupation of Monaco was found in a cave in the Saint Martin’s Gardens. Originally a mountain-dwelling people, they were known for their hard work and their frugality, two traits by which Monegasque citizens are known for today. Founded by the Phocaeans of Massalia during the 6th century, the colony of Monoikos became an important port of the Mediterranean coast. Monoikos, from Greek roughly translates to "single house," enforcing the ideas of sovereignty, self-sufficiency and self-reliance. Ancient myths venerate Hercules as having passed through this area.. To this day there is evidence of an admiration of Hercules: the largest port is named Port Hercule. Julius Caesar stopped in Monoecus after the Gallic Wars on his way to campaign in Greece. After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476, Monaco was ravaged by Saracens and barbarian tribes. After the Saracens were expelled in 975, the depopulated area was reclaimed by the Ligurians. In 1215, construction began on a fortress atop the Rock of Monaco by a detachment of Genoese Ghibellines. With the intention of turning the Rock of Monaco into a military stronghold, the Ghibellines created a settlement around the base of the Rock to support the garrison. To draw in residents from Genoa and other surrounding cities, the Ghibellines offered land grants and tax exemptions to newcomers. Civil strife in Genoa between the Guelph and Ghibelline families resulted in many taking refuge in Monaco, among them the Guelph family. Son of Otto Canella, Consul of Genoa in 1133, Grimaldo began the House of Grimaldi, the future ruling family of Monaco. In 1297, François Grimaldi ("Malizia", translated from Italian as "The Cunning") disguised as a Franciscan monk alongside his cousin Rainier I and his men captured the fortress atop the Rock of Monaco. At his death in 1309, François Grimaldi was succeeded by his cousin, Rainier I. His son, Charles Grimaldi, who would come to be known as Charles I, is considered by historians to be the real founder of the Principality. He added the areas of Menton and Roquebrune, increasing the size of the Principality. Charles I had an important role in the court of the King of France. Rainier II never entered Monaco, and divided the land between his three sons, Ambrose, Antoine, and Jean. Jean I, who died in 1454, was succeeded by a son, Catalan. Catalan’s daughter, Claudine, married a Grimaldi of the Antibes branch, Lambert. It was under his rule that Monaco was recognized as independent by King Charles VIII of France in 1489. Almost two centuries after François Grimaldi first captured the fortress atop the Rock of Monaco, the Grimaldi's had achieved indisputable sovereignty over the Principality. Repeated attempts by the Genoese to recapture the fortress proved unrewarding. Louis XII confirmed Monaco's independence, establishing an alliance between the Princes of Monaco and the King of France. Then, disputes with the French authorities ended in Monaco being placed under the protection of Spain. This resulted in many financial burdens for the Principality, including shouldering the costs of a garrison Spain placed in the fortress from 1524 for more than a century. Lambert Grimaldi d’Antibes had three sons, Jean, Lucien, and Augustin. Lucien’s son, Honoré I had two sons, Charles II and Hercule, and enjoyed a peaceful reign towards the end of his lifetime. However, both of his sons ruled one after the other, neither for very long. Prior to this point, the ruler of Monaco was referred to as “Lord of Monaco”. In 1612, Hercule’s son Honoré II, was first given the title of "Prince of Monaco", which became the official title of the ruler of Monaco and would be passed on to his successors. Honoré II led Monaco through a brilliant period; his chief c	1511st (2) by Mike Hall (page 23) - issuu issuu IN THE KNOW INTERACTIVE Trivia Quiz If you think you’ve got what it takes to beat our monthly brain buster, take our quiz and prove your intellectual talents! 1 What code name was given to Nazi Germany's plan to invade Britain during the Second World War? 11 12 Which country only switched to the modern Gregorian Calendar on January 1, 1927? Olibanum is the Medieval Latin alternative English word for which Biblical aromatic resin? The splanchnocranium refers to the bones of which defining part of the human body? 13 Which city, mythically founded by a twin saved by a shewolf, was built on the seven hills, east of the River Tiber called Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Palatine, Quirinal and Viminal? 3 Used to measure the height of horses, how many inches are there in one hand? 14 On which Mediterranean island is the famous nightlife holiday resort of Magaluf? 4 5 Apiphobia is the fear of what creatures? What are metal rope-fixings on a boat and cyclist's shoes? Occurring twice yearly, what name is given to a day consisting of twelve hours of daylight and twelve hours of darkness? 6 Which country is the natural habitat of the emu? 16 How many times does the second-hand of a clockwork clock 'tick' (move) while the hour hand completes one full rotation? 7 8 17 What's the common technical term for the removal of a president from office, due to wrongdoing? How many hurdles are there in a 400 metres hurdles race? 18 Which famous corporate logo changed to a flat colour/colour sans serif font in its first major change since 1999? K'ung Futse (Venerated Master Kong) is better known as which major philosopher and religious founder? 9 19 Japan's NTT DoCoMo mobile phone company developed which texting icon 'pictograph' series, Japanese for 'picture' and 'character'? 20 The flags of China, Japan, Argentina, Uruguay, Greenland and Bangladesh share what common feature? 1. Operation Sea Lion. 2. Turkey. 3. Four. 4. Bees. 5. Equinox. 6. Australia. 7. Ten. 8. Google. 9. Emoji. 10. Geronimo. 11. Frankincense. 12. Face. 13. Rome. 14. Majorca. 15. Cleats. 16. 43,200 (12 hours x 60 minutes x 60 second 'ticks'). 17. Impeachment. 18. Confucius. 19. Mexico City. 20. Sun. Answers: 10 What Native American Apache Indian chief 's name became an exclamation of exhilaration? What's the largest capital city without a river, and also the oldest capital of its continent? November15 TalkMagazine	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,819	The Cochiti Dam is in which US state?	Facility Details - COCHITI AREA, NM - Recreation.gov COCHITI AREA, NM part of Cochiti Lake , US Army Corps of Engineers 192 Ratings Overview Cochiti Recreation Area is located in Sandoval County, New Mexico, within the boundaries of the Pueblo de Cochiti Indian Reservation. The lake offers two public recreation areas: Cochiti on the west side of the lake and Tetilla Peak on the east side. Both sides offer spectacular scenic views of the water and surrounding mountains. The Cochiti Dam is one of the ten largest earth-fill dams in the United States, and also one of the largest in the world. The lake derives its name from the Indian Pueblo on the Cochiti Reservation. Natural Features: Cochiti Lake is in a high desert environment, and the dominant vegetation is desert scrubland. There are many opportunities for wildlife viewing. Four osprey nesting platforms have been erected around the lake to provide nesting sites, as well as viewing opportunities. On the east side of the lake, deer, coyote and rabbit are often sighted. Recreation: Wind surfing is a favorite pastime for visitors. The lake is also a popular fishing spot for species such as bass, crappie, walleye, catfish, sunfish and trout. Cochiti Recreation Area has a swim beach and playground for the convenience of families with children. Facilities: The campground consists of four loops. Juniper Loop campsites have electric hookups and some have water. Elk Run and Ringtail Loops are non-electric and have community water spigots. All sites in Buffalo Grove Loop have water and electric hookups. The Cochiti Recreation Area and boat ramp are open year-round and are accessed by a paved road. The ramp has four concrete lanes for loading and unloading. Nearby Attractions:	The State of Colorado - An Introduction to the Centennial State from NETSTATE.COM The State of Colorado Garden of the Gods, Colorado Springs - Pike's Peak Colorado has become known as a skier's paradise, perhaps destined after words from President Theodore Roosevelt, "Passing through your wonderful mountains and canyons I realize that this state is going to be more and more the playground for the whole republic... You will see this the real Switzerland of America." Colorado is the highest state and has more mountains reaching 14,000 feet than any other state. "Grand Mesa", the world's largest flat-top plateau is also found in Colorado. Her mountain scenery is some of the most beautiful and dramatic in the United States and Colorado is a center for vacationers taking advantage of the pleasant summer climate and the ample supplies of powdered snow in the winter. The Rocky Mountain State is a leader in manufacturing of scientific and medical instruments and is also a major agricultural and mining state. Its gold and silver mining boom days are well known. Mrs. J. Brown, socialite wife of a Colorado mining tycoon was immortalized in the Broadway Musical, "The Unsinkable Molly Brown" so called after she survived the sinking of the ocean liner "Titanic". Her home in Denver has been maintained as a museum. THE STATE QUARTER: United States Mint Image The third commemorative quarter-dollar coin released in 2006 honors Colorado, and is the 38th coin in the United States Mint's 50 State Quarters® Program. The Colorado quarter depicts a sweeping view of the state's rugged Rocky Mountains with evergreen trees and a banner carrying the inscription "Colorful Colorado." The coin also bears the inscriptions "Colorado" and "1876." Colorado's Rocky Mountains are home to some of the Nation's most majestic natural wonders. Among these, rising approximately 10,000 feet from the valley floor in Northwest Colorado, Grand Mesa is the largest flat-top mountain in the world, and is home to more than 200 lakes and many miles of scenic hiking trails. Colorado was admitted into the Union on August 1, 1876, becoming our Nation's 38th state. With statehood gained less than one month after the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State." The Colorado Commemorative Quarter Advisory Commission was formed by an Executive Order issued by Governor Bill Owens. Colorado First Lady Frances Owens served as Commission Chair, and design narratives were accepted from citizens. From more than 1,500 submissions accepted by the Commission, five concepts were forwarded to the United States Mint. The sculptor-engravers of the United States Mint and artists in the United States Mint's Artistic Infusion Program developed the candidate designs from the narratives provided, and the designs were returned to Colorado in May 2005. On May 31, 2005, Governor Owens announced "Colorful Colorado" as his recommendation for the Colorado commemorative quarter-dollar. The Department of the Treasury approved the design on July 20, 2005. The four other design concepts considered during the final selection process were "Mesa Verde," featuring Mesa Verde National Park with cliff dwellings; "10th Mountain Division Birthplace," depicting a soldier/skier of the famed United States Army Division that originated in Colorado; "The Centennial State," which features a stylized letter "C" entwined with a mountain columbine flower; and the Rocky Mountains and "Pikes Peak," featuring the gold rush slogan "Pikes Peak or Bust" and a prospector's pick and shovel. For more about the state commemorative quarters, visit this page . This 50 State Quarter Map is a great way to collect and display all 50 State Quarters. Sources... Colorado (World Almanac Library of the States) , by Megan Elias. 48 pages. Gareth Stevens Publishing (July 2002) Reading level: Grades 4-6. Filled with the most up-to-date information, including the latest Census results. Full-color photos bring to life the story of Colorado. In addition to an in-depth factual pro	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,820	Which World War 2 event of May 1943 was called Operation Chastise?	World War 2 Events of 1943 World War 2 Events of 1943 World War 2 Events of 1943 1943 finally showcased consistent and notable Allied gains against the Axis powers - Italy would fall before the end of the year. There are a total of (127) entries in the World War 2 Events of 1943. Entries are listed below by earliest date to latest date. January 1st German forces at Terek retreat. January 1st The H2S navigation system is delivered to the RAF for installation into bombers. January 3rd American forces lay claim to Buna. January 8th 1943 Soviet generals send in the formal request for surrender of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad, a request which is formally rejected. January 10th The decision to abandon Guadalcanal is made by Japanese autorities. January 10th 1943 Soviet General Rokossovsky unleashes hell on the German 6th Army through thousands of artillery cannons and Katyusha rockets. January 12th German Caucasus elements make it to their bridgehead over the Kuban River. January 12th 1943 Soviet troops make headway against the defensive lines at the Don River held by Hungarian and Italian troops. January 12th 1943 The Soviets enact Operation Spark and cut a path through the German lines clearing a path to Leningrad. This offers the citizens of the city some much needed foot rations. January 13th German Army elements at Terek retreat to the Nagutskoye-Alexsandrovskoye position. January 14th U-boat bases at Cherbourg and Lorient are targeted by the Royal Air Force. January 14th 1943 In an effort to replenish and build up their army ranks along the East Front, German Generals proposed conscription service of the Baltic people for service . January 17th The Japanese begin to withdraw their battered army units from Guadalcanal. January 17th The German Panzer Corps at the Don are officially surrounded. January 19th The Soviets retake the city of Shlusselburg. January 25th A Soviet offensive splits the German 6th Army at Stalingrad. January 25th German forces at Armavir retreat. January 25th German forces at Voronezh retreat. January 31st German General Paulus formally surrenders his southern Stalingrad army to the Soviets. January 31st Sananada is officially in Allied hands. January 31st The Kokoda Trail is firmly in Allied hands by this date. February 1st 1943 A Presidential directive calls for some 250 American aircraft to begin offensive actions in the Atlantic. February 1st A massive evacuation effort sees some 11,000 Japanese personnel moved fom Tenaro, Gaudalcanal. February 2nd The German Army north pocket at Stalingrad formally surrenders to the Soviet Army. February 2nd The liberation of Stalingrad is officially over. February 7th The last remnants of the Japanese Army on Guadalcanal is evacuated from the island. February 7th Gaudalcanal officially falls to the Americans. February 14th 1943 At 4AM, elements of the 10th Panzer Division and 21st Panzer Division under General von Arnim, launch their attack at Allied forces near Sidi Bou Zid and Bir el Hafey. February 15th 1943 German General Erwin Rommel commences with his assault through Operation Morgenluft. His attack takes him towards Gafsa, Feriana and Thelepte. February 18th General von Arnim and General Rommels forces finally meet at Kasserine. February 19th American armored forces hold up the German advanced at Kasserine Pass. February 20th US forces move in to stop the German advance around Tebessa. February 20th The British 6th Armored Brigade moves towards Thala and Sbiba. February 20th Allied units move from Le Kef for the counter-attack. February 20th The Americans fold under the immense German assault and Kasserine Pass falls to the invaders. February 21st The German forces at Kasserine Pass under Rommel await the Allied counter-offensive that never materializes. February 22nd 1943 Allied forces hold the Germans in check at Sbiba, Tebessa and Thala, inflicting 2,000 German casualties and forcing Rommel to call for a retreat. February 25th 1943 Kasserine is now firmly in Allied control, the Germans having retreated and Rommel's attention now elsewhere. Febru	World War II Bomber Command Dambuster Raids 19 aircraft Operation Chastise Overview: During the early days of World War II, the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command sought to strike at German dams in the Ruhr. Such an attack would damage water and electrical production, as well as inundate large areas of the region. Assessing the feasibility of the mission, it was found that multiple strikes with a high degree of accuracy would be necessary. As these would have to take place against heavy enemy resistance, Bomber Command dismissed the raids as unpractical. Pondering the mission, Barnes Wallis, an aircraft designer at Vickers, devised a different approach to breaching the dams. While first proposing the use of a 10-ton bomb, Wallis was forced to move on as no aircraft capable carrying such a payload existed. Theorizing that a small charge could break the dams if detonated below the water, he was initially thwarted by the presence of German anti-torpedo nets in the reservoirs. Pushing on with the concept, he began developing a unique, cylindrical bomb designed to skip along the surface of the water before sinking and exploding at the dam's base. To accomplish this, the bomb, designated Upkeep, was spun backwards at 500 rpm before being dropped from low altitude. Striking the dam, the bomb's spin would let it roll down the face before exploding underwater. Wallis' idea was put forward to Bomber Command and after several conferences was accepted on February 26, 1943. While Wallis' team worked to perfect the Upkeep bomb design, Bomber Command assigned the mission to 5 Group. For the mission, a new unit, 617 Squadron, was formed with Wing Commander Guy Gibson in command. Based at RAF Scampton, just northwest of Lincoln, Gibson's men were given uniquely modified Avro Lancaster Mk.III bombers. Dubbed the B Mark III Special (Type 464 Provisioning), 617's Lancasters had much of the armor and defensive armament removed to reduce weight. In addition, the bomb bay doors were taken off to allow the fitting of special crutches to hold and spin the Upkeep bomb. As the mission planning progressed, it was decided to strike the Möhne, Eder, and Sorpe Dams. While Gibson relentlessly trained his crews in low-altitude, night flying, efforts were made to find solutions to two key technical problems. These were ensuring that the Upkeep bomb was released at a precise altitude and distance from the dam. For the first issue, two lights were mounted under each aircraft such that their beams would converge on the surface of the water then the bomber was at the correct altitude. To judge range, special aiming devices which utilized towers on each dam were built for 617's aircraft. With these problems solved, Gibson's men began test runs over reservoirs around England. Following their final testing, the Upkeep bombs were delivered on May 13, with the goal of Gibson's men conducting the mission four days later. Flying the Dambuster Mission: Taking off in three groups after dark on May 17, Gibson's crews flew at around 100 feet to evade German radar. On the outbound flight, Gibson's Formation 1, consisting of nine Lancasters, lost an aircraft en route to the Möhne when it was downed by high tension wires. Formation 2 lost all but one of its bombers as it flew towards Sorpe. The last group, Formation 3, served as a reserve force and diverted three aircraft to Sorpe to make up for losses. Arriving at Möhne, Gibson led the attack in and successfully released his bomb. He was followed by Flight Lieutenant John Hopgood whose bomber was caught in the blast from its bomb and crashed. To support his pilots, Gibson circled back to draw German flak while the others attacked. Following a successful run by Flight Lieutenant Harold Martin, Squadron Leader Henry Young was able to breach the dam. With the Möhne Dam broken, Gibson led the flight to Eder where his three remaining aircraft negotiated tricky terrain to score hits on the dam. The dam was finally opened by Pilot Officer Leslie Knight. While Formation 1 was achieving success, Formation 2 and its reinforcements c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,821	Nelson Evora won which country's only gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics?	Olympic highlights: August 21, 2008 - Wikinews, the free news source Olympic highlights: August 21, 2008 From Wikinews, the free news source you can write! This is the stable version , checked on 25 February 2009. Template/file changes await review. Accuracy Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Summer Games Other stories from the 2008 Olympic Games August 21, 2008 is the 12th major day of the 2008 Olympic games. The below article lists some of the highlights. Contents Events Women's 20km walk Olga Kaniskina , who represents Russia, has set a new Olympic record in the women's 20km walk with her time of 1 hour and 36 minutes. After the race Kaniskina said that the weather did not affect the record. "I think my regular training is the most important factor contributing to my victory," she said, explaining the factors that she believes led her to victory. Star class sailing Britons Iain Percy and Andy Simptson won the gold medal in the star class sailing event after a successful performance in the final round, which took place today. The pair started today in silver medal position, and gained one place in the final round to win the gold medal. Tornado class sailing Spanish Fernando Echavarri and Anton Paz won an Olympic gold medal in Sailing's fast Tornado catamaran class. Darren Bundock and Glenn Ashby from Australia finished in second place and the Argentinean pair of Santiago Lange and Carlos Espinola won the bronze medal. Men's marathon 10 km swimming Maarten van der Weijden, a long distance swimmer from the Netherlands, beat the favorites in the men's marathon 10 km swimming event to secure the gold medal with a time of 1:51:51.6. David Davies, who was one of the favourites to win the gold medal, was overtaken by Weijden in the final 500 metres of the race. Davies finished 1.5 seconds behind Weijden. Women's beach volleyball Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh won the Olympic gold medal for the United States in the women's beach volleyball competition by winning every set in the final against the Chinese Tian Jia and Wang Jie . Both sets were won 21-18. Men's 400 meters sprint American LaShawn Merritt won the final of the Men's 400 meters in an event which saw all three of the medals going to the American team. Women's 200m sprint Jamaican Veronica Campbell-Brown won the gold medal in the final of the women's 200m sprint with a time of 21.74 seconds. Allyson Felix , the defending Olympic champion, who was representing United States, won the silver medal, with her time being approximately 0.2 seconds behind the time of the winner. Men's Triple Jump Nelson Evora won the men's triple jump at the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. Evora won the gold medal with a jump of 17.67 meters beating silver medalist Phillips Idowu of Great Britain by 5 centimeters (17.62 meters). Leevan Sanders of the Bahamas won the bronze medal with a triple jump of 17.59 meters. link Nelson Evora of Portugal Wins Men’s Triple Jump Gold Medal Medal Table	Olympics Timeline: 1990s to the Present Day Barcelona Games For the first time in decades, every single nation with an Olympic Committee shows up, even Cuba, North Korea, and South Africa. A record 172 nations participate, represented by 10,563 athletes. With the door open to professional athletes, the U.S. sends a Dream Team including Charles Barkley, Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, and Karl Malone. As expected, they go undefeated. Carl Lewis wins two more gold medals, bringing his total to eight. 13-year-old Fu Mingxia of China wins the platform diving event, making her the second-youngest person to win an individual gold medal. World Cup athletes are now allowed to compete in soccer, but only three players over the age of 23 are allowed on each team, effectively making the Olympic event the under-23 championship. Gymnast Vitaly Scherbo of the Unified Team wins six gold medals in gymnastics. Cuba wins seven gold medals in boxing, and the first one ever awarded in baseball. In the end, the Unified Team takes home 112 medals, the United States has 108, and Germany has 82. A total of 64 nations win at least one medal, the highest number yet. Atlanta Games Muhammad Ali lights the cauldron at the start of the Centennial Games. 179 nations participate; 79 win medals. A pipe bomb in Centennial Olympic Park kills one person and injures 111, but the Games go on. America's Michael Johnson wins both the 200m and 400m races ; France's Marie-José Perec does the same. Carl Lewis gets his ninth gold medal by winning the long jump. Amy Van Dyken of the U.S. wins four gold medals in swimming, while Ireland's Michelle Smith wins three golds and a bronze. Smith is accused of using performance-enhancing drugs; this remains unproven, but she is suspended in 1998 for tampering with a urine sample. The American women's teams win the first-ever softball and women's soccer events. They also win gymnastics, with the help of Kerri Strug , who nails her second vault despite a sprained ankle. The United States returns to the top of the standings, followed by Russia and Germany. 10,651 athletes (4,069 of them women) from 199 nations participate; the only nation excluded is Afghanistan. North and South Korea enter the stadium under one flag. Australian Aboriginal Cathy Freeman lights the cauldron at the start of the game, and goes on to win the 400m race. British rower Steven Redgrave becomes the first athlete to win gold medals in five consecutive Olympics. The U.S. softball team defends its title; Michael Johnson does the same in the 400m race. 17-year-old Ian Thorpe of Australia wins four medals (three gold) in swimming, breaking his own world record in the 400m freestyle. American Marion Jones wins five track medals, three of them gold. Russian gymnast Alexei Nemov takes home six medals, as he had done in Atlanta in 1996. Eric "the Eel" Moussambani of Equatorial Guinea is this year's lovable loser, taking 152.72 seconds in the 100m freestyle swim. This is more than twice as long as Pieter van den Hoogenband's gold-winning performance. There are 165 events for men, 135 for women, and 12 mixed events. Women are excluded from boxing and baseball; men are excluded from synchronized swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, and softball. The United States, the Russian Federation, and the People's Republic of China lead the medal-winners. Salt Lake City Winter Games These Games are controversial starting about three years before they begin, as it is revealed that several IOC members accepted inappropriately large gifts in exchange for voting to hold the Games in Salt Lake City. At least four IOC members resign, as do top Salt Lake City committee offic	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,822	The International Court of Justice, otherwise known as the World Court, is located in what country?	International Court of Justice legal definition of International Court of Justice International Court of Justice legal definition of International Court of Justice http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/International+Court+of+Justice Related to International Court of Justice: International Criminal Court , European Court of Human Rights International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the main judicial tribunal of the United Nations , to which all member states are parties. It is often informally referred to as the World Court. The ICJ was established in 1946 by the United Nations (Statute of the International Court of Justice [ICJ Statute], June 26, 1945, 59 Stat. 1055, 3 Bevans 1179). It replaced the former Permanent Court of International Justice, which had operated within The Hague, Netherlands, since 1922. Like its predecessor, the headquarters of the ICJ is also located in the Peace Palace at The Hague. The function of the ICJ is to resolve disputes between sovereign states. Disputes may be placed before the court by parties upon conditions prescribed by the U.N. Security Council. No state, however, may be subject to the jurisdiction of the court without the state's consent. Consent may be given by express agreement at the time the dispute is presented to the court, by prior agreement to accept the jurisdiction of the court in particular categories of cases, or by treaty provisions with respect to disputes arising from matters covered by the treaty. Article 36(2) of the court's statute, known as the Optional Clause, allows states to make a unilateral declaration recognizing "as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other state accepting the same obligation, the jurisdiction of the Court in all legal disputes." Many states have accepted the court's jurisdiction under the Optional Clause. A few states have done so with certain restrictions. The United States, for instance, has invoked the so called self-judging reservation, or Connally Reservation. This reservation allows states to avoid the court's jurisdiction previously accepted under the Optional Clause if they decide not to respond to a particular suit. It is commonly exercised when a state determines that a particular dispute is of domestic rather than international character, and thus domestic jurisdiction applies. If a state invokes the self-judging reservation, another state may also invoke this reservation against that state, and thus a suit against the second state would be dismissed. This is called the rule of reciprocity, and stands for the principle that a state has to respond to a suit brought against it before the ICJ only if the state bringing the suit has also accepted the court's jurisdiction. Under the ICJ Statute, the ICJ must decide cases in accordance with International Law . This means that the ICJ must apply (1) any international conventions and treaties; (2) international custom; (3) general principles recognized as law by civilized nations; and (4) judicial decisions and the teachings of highly qualified publicists of the various nations. One common type of conflict presented to the ICJ is treaty interpretation. In these cases the ICJ is asked to resolve disagreements over the meaning and application of terms in treaties formed between two or more countries. Other cases range from nuclear testing and water boundary disputes to conflicts over the military presence of a foreign country. The ICJ is made up of 15 jurists from different countries. No two judges at any given time may be from the same country. The court's composition is static but generally includes jurists from a variety of cultures. Despite this diversity in structure, the ICJ has been criticized for favoring established powers. Under articles 3 and 9 of the ICJ Statute, the judges on the ICJ should represent "the main forms of civilization and … principal legal systems of the world." This definition suggests that the ICJ does not represent the interests of developing countries. Indeed, few Latin American countri	Cricket World Cup History Cricket World Cup History Cricket World Cup 2015 A short history of cricket world cup with list of past winners The ICC Cricket World Cup is the premier international championship of men's One Day International (ODI) cricket. The event is organised by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC), with preliminary qualification rounds leading up to a finals tournament which is held every four years. The tournament is the world's fourth-largest and fourth-most-viewed sporting event. According to the ICC, it is the most important tournament and the pinnacle of achievement in the sport. The first Cricket World Cup contest was organised in England in 1975. A separate Women's Cricket World Cup has been held every four years since 1973. The finals of the Cricket World Cup are contested by all ten Test-playing and ODI-playing nations, together with other nations that qualify through the World Cup Qualifier. Australia has been the most successful of the five teams to have won the tournament, taking four titles. The West Indies and India have won twice, while Pakistan and Sri Lanka have each won once. The 2011 Cricket World Cup was co-hosted by Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka from 19 February to 2 April 2011. 14 countries participated in the tournament. India won the cup by defeating Sri Lanka by 6 wickets in the final in Mumbai on 2 April and became the first team to win the World Cup final on home soil. As of 2011 World cup, Australia remains winner of four World cup tournaments with India and West Indies both winning twice. Pakistan and Sri Lanka are the other teams who were crowned World champions before. The next World Cups will be hosted by Australia and New Zealand in 2015, and England and Wales in 2019. Cricket World Cup History	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,823	By what name was the pop star Mark Feld better known?	Marc Bolan - Biography - IMDb Marc Bolan Biography Showing all 27 items Jump to: Overview (4) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (1) \| Trade Mark (3) \| Trivia (15) \| Personal Quotes (3) Overview (4) 5' 5" (1.65 m) Mini Bio (1) Mark Feld, born in London, was always destined to be a star. Even as a teenager he was already seeking fame. Well known as a sharp dresser, he was employed by a modeling agency and became a "John Temple Boy", wearing John Temple suits in their catalogs as well as becoming a cardboard cutout displayed in their shop windows. Many initial attempts to get into the music business failed, and so he turned to acting, landing several character parts in some TV shows including a juvenile delinquent on the Sam Kydd TV series Orlando (1965). His first recording, "The Wizard", was released in 1965 and resulted in an appearance on the TV music show Ready, Steady, Go! (1963). He briefly became a member of 1860s group John's Children before forming his own group, Tyrannosaurus Rex. The group's first single was "Debora", also a track on the album "My People Were Fair", released in July 1968. Although not a hit the first time around, on its re-release in 1972, when Bolan was at his peak, "Debora" made the UK top 10. In July of 1969 the group dropped its folksy, hippie sound to go electric with the single "King of The Rumbling Spires". Unfortunately, like his other singles, it failed to take off, only reaching #44. The group shortened its name to T. Rex and finally broke through with the single "Ride a White Swan" in 1970. This opened the door to a whole series of hit singles, including "Bang a Gong, Get It On"--on which Elton John played keyboards--which reached the US top 10 in 1971, as well a series of highly acclaimed albums. At the height of his popularity Bolan had a string of #1 hit singles in the UK and became a teen idol as well as a leader of the glam rock movement. In 1972 he released his own movie, Born to Boogie (1972), featuring Ringo Starr , among others. However, due to the rise of 1970s soul music, by 1975 Bolan's career was in decline, at least sales-wise. As a leading figure of the punk movement in the UK, he provided a forum for new acts to appear on TV via his own music program. Cruelly, just when he was on the rebound, Marc died in a car crash in 1977. - IMDb Mini Biography By: A. Nonymous Spouse (1) His curly mop of cork-screw hair Trivia (15) Father of Rolan Bolan . Contrary to popular belief, the inspiration for his professional name was not Bob Dylan but his roommate at the time, fellow actor James Bolam . Name evolution: Bolam > Bowland > Boland > Bolan. Came to fame with his acoustic band Tyrannosaurus Rex. With his electric band T. Rex , he started the Glam Rock movement in the United Kingdom. Marc Bolan passed away on September 16, 1977, only two weeks from what would have been his 30th birthday on September 30. He was cremated after death and his ashes were interred at Golders Green Crematorium in North London, England. His song "Jeepster" was covered by former Marillion singer Fish on his 1993 album "Songs from the Mirror". His father Simeon Feld was a lorry driver. Parents were Simeon and Phyllis Feld; had one younger brother: Harry Feld.	Collection - Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous Sexual Healing What's Going On (Motown 25) Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr. (April 2, 1939 – April 1, 1984), better known by his stage name Marvin Gaye, was an American singer-songwriter and musician with a three-octave vocal range . [2] Starting his career as a member of the doo-wop group, The Moonglows in the late 1950s, he then ventured into a solo career after the group disbanded in 1960, signing with Motown Records subsidiary, Tamla. He started off as a session drummer, but later ranked as the label's top-selling solo artist during the 1960s. He was crowned "The Prince of Motown" [3] and "The Prince of Soul". [4] because of solo hits such as " How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You) ", " Ain't That Peculiar ", " I Heard It Through the Grapevine ," and his duet singles with singers such as Mary Wells and Tammi Terrell . His work in the early and mid-1970s included the albums, What's Going On , Let's Get It On , and I Want You , which helped influence the quiet storm , urban adult contemporary , and slow jam genres. After a self-imposed European exile in the early 1980s, Gaye returned on the 1982 Grammy-Award winning hit, " Sexual Healing " and the Midnight Love album before his death. Gaye was shot dead by his father on April 1, 1984. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. [5] In 2008, the American music magazine Rolling Stone ranked Gaye at number 6 on its list of the Greatest Singers of All Time, [6] and ranked at number 18 on 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. [7] He was also ranked at number 20 on VH1's list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. [8] Collection - Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous What do John Waters, Robert Goulet, and New Kids on the Block have in common? Appearances on "Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous!" Curated by Whitney Weiss Total Runtime: 0:38:10 Collection 1980s 1990s caviar dreams champagne wishes heartthrobs john waters lifestyles of the rich and famous models money opulence pro wrestlers wealth Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous is an American television series that aired in syndication from 1984 to 1995 . The show featured the extravagant lifestyles of wealthy entertainers , athletes and business moguls . It was hosted by Robin Leach for the majority of its run. When Leach was joined by Shari Belafonte in 1994, the show was renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte. Leach ended each episode with a wish for his viewers that became his signature phrase, "champagne wishes and caviar dreams." Claymation celebrities pitted against each other almost always ending in the loser's gruesome death. Curated by Jason Forrest Collection 90s celebrity celebrity deathmatch eric fogel mtv Celebrity Deathmatch is a claymation television show that depicts celebrities against each other in a wrestling ring , almost always ending in the loser's gruesome death. It was known for its excessive amount of blood used in every match and exaggerated physical injuries (e.g., one person cuts off a participant's foot, living through decapitations, impalement, etc.). The series was created by Eric Fogel ; with the pilots airing on MTV on January 1 & 25 1998. The initial series ran from May 14, 1998 to October 20, 2002, and lasted for a 75-episode run. There was one special that did not contribute to the final episode total, entitled "Celebrity Deathmatch Hits Germany", which aired on June 21, 2001. Professional wrestler Stone Cold Steve Austin gave voice to his animated form as the guest commentator. Early in 2003, a film based on the series was announced by MTV to be in the making, but the project was canceled by the end of that year. In 2005, MTV2 announced the revival of the show as part of their " Sic 'Em Friday " programming block. Originally set to return in November 2005, the premiere was pushed back to June 10, 2006 as part of a new "Sic'emation" block with two other animated shows, Where My Dogs At and The Adventures of Chico and Guapo . The show's fifth season was produced by Cuppa Coffee Studios and t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,824	Marshall McLuhan was named as the 'patron saint' of which magazine that had his quote on its masthead for the first ten years of its publication?	Marshall McLuhan M Marshall McLuhan Herbert Marshall McLuhan, CC (July 21, 1911 – December 31, 1980) was a Canadian educator , philosopher, and scholar — a professor of English literature, a literary critic , a rhetorician , and a communication theorist . McLuhan's work is viewed as one of the cornerstones of the study of media theory. McLuhan is known for the expressions "the medium is the message" and "global village". McLuhan was a fixture in media discourse from the late 1960s to his death and he continues to be an influential and controversial figure. More than ten years after his death he was named the " patron saint " of Wired magazine. Life and career McLuhan was born in Edmonton , Alberta , to Methodist parents Elsie Naomi (née Hall) and Herbert Ernest McLuhan. His brother, Maurice, was born two years later. "Marshall" was a family name: his maternal grandmother's surname. Both of his parents were born in Canada. His mother was a Baptist schoolteacher who later became an actress. His father had a real estate business in Edmonton. When war broke out, the business failed, and McLuhan's father enlisted in the Canadian army. After a year of service he contracted influenza and remained in Canada, away from the front. After Herbert's discharge from the army in 1915, the McLuhan family moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, where Marshall grew up and went to school, attending Kelvin Technical High School before enrolling in the University of Manitoba in 1928. McLuhan earned a BA (1933) — winning a University Gold Medal in Arts and Sciences — and MA (1934) in English from the University of Manitoba, after a one year stint as an engineering major. He had long desired to pursue graduate studies in England and, having failed to secure a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford , McLuhan was accepted for enrollment at the University of Cambridge. Although he already had earned BA and MA degrees at Manitoba, Cambridge required him to enroll as an undergraduate "affiliated" student, with one year's credit toward a three-year Cambridge Bachelor's degree, before any doctoral studies. He entered Trinity Hall, Cambridge in the Fall of 1934, where he studied under I. A. Richards and F. R. Leavis, and was influenced by New Criticism . Upon reflection years after, he credited the faculty there with influencing the direction of his later work because of their emphasis on the training of perception and such concepts as Richards's notion of feedforward. These studies formed an important precursor to his later ideas on technological forms. He received his bachelor's degree from Cambridge in 1936 and began graduate work. Later, he returned from England to take a job as a teaching assistant at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, which he held for the 1936-37 academic year, unable to find a suitable job in Canada. While studying the trivium at Cambridge he took the first steps toward his eventual conversion to Roman Catholicism in 1937, founded on his reading of G. K. Chesterton . At the end of March 1937, McLuhan completed what was a slow but total conversion process when he was formally received into the Roman Catholic Church. After consulting with a minister, his father accepted the decision to convert; his mother, however, felt that his conversion would hurt his career and was inconsolable. McLuhan was devout throughout his life, but his religion remained a private matter. He had a lifelong interest in the number three - the trivium, the Trinity - and sometimes said that the Virgin Mary provided intellectual guidance for him. For the rest of his career he taught in Roman Catholic institutions of higher education. From 1937 to 1944 he taught English at Saint Louis University (with an interruption from 1939 to 1940 when he returned to Cambridge). At Saint Louis he tutored and befriended Walter J. Ong, S.J. (1912-2003), who would go on to write his Ph.D. dissertation on a topic McLuhan had called to his attention, and who would himself also later become a well-known authority on communication and technology. While in St. Louis, he also met his futur	2001 KO Final February, which ex-PM was awarded an earldom on his 90th birthday ? Harold Macmillan B1 A member of the House of Lords and an ex-MP, who celebrated his 100th birthday in November 1984 ? Mannie Shinwell Which government department banned trades unions causing a national outcry ? GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters) Outside which foreign government building was policewoman Yvonne Fletcher shot and fatally wounded ? Libyan People's Bureau or Libyan Embassy A3 In the course of a violent argument in April, which recording artist was shot and killed by his father ? Marvin Gaye In October, who was killed by members of her own bodyguard ? Indira Ghandi A4 In March the British government announced its approval of the sale of which shipyard on the lower Clyde to Trafalgar House ? Scott Lithgow B4 In October which bank, a bullion dealer, was rescued from debts of around ï¿½250 million by a Bank of England buy-out ? Johnson Matthey Subject: ï¿½One Word Cinemaï¿½ Answers A1 A 1992 Oscar winning Clint Eastwood film in which a former hired killer turned unsuccessful farmer returns to his old ways in pursuit of a $1,000 reward ? Unforgiven B1 A 1972 John Boorman film in which a leading character, played by Ned Beatty, is raped by a ï¿½Hillbillyï¿½ ? Deliverance A2 A 1929 film, Hitchcockï¿½s first talkie, in which a Scotland Yard Inspector is placed in a difficult position when he discovers his girlfriend has committed a murder ? Blackmail B2 Set in Rio, a 1946 Hitchcock film with Cary Grant & Ingrid Bergman in which a woman marries a Nazi renegade to help the US Government ? Notorious A3 A 1916 film by D.W. Griffith starring Lillian Gish in one of four intercut stories including Balshazzarï¿½s Feast and the St Bartholomewï¿½s Day Massacre ? Intolerance B3 A 1967 camped-up version of Faust in which a short order cook is saved from suicide by Mr Spiggott - who offers him 7 wishes in exchange for his soul ? Bedazzled A4 A 1924 Erich von Stroheim film in which an ex-miner turned dentist kills his avaricious wife and her lover ? Greed B4 Set in the mid 19th century, a 1999 film starring Guy Pearce & Robert Carlyle in which a cannibalistic officer commands an isolated army outpost ? Ravenous Answers A1 The liqueur Curaï¿½ao (say ï¿½Koor-a-sowï¿½) is traditionally flavoured with sugar & which fruit ? Orange B1 Which spirit takes its name from a place near Guadalajara (say ï¿½Gwadlaharaï¿½) where the conquistadors first developed it from a variety of Aztec drink ? Tequila A2 With a peculiar but agreeable taste, which coarse & potent liquor is made in the East Indies from a variety of sources, including fermented rice & coconut juice ? Arrack B2 Used to season food & fruit as well as alcoholic drinks, which flavouring is prepared with oil distilled from the aromatic bark of two S. American trees blended with herbs, and bears the former name of a port in Venezuela ? Angostura (now called Cuidad Bolivar) A3 Derived from a town in north east Hungary, what name is shared by a grape variety and a golden-yellow coloured, sweet, aromatic wine ? Tokay (from Tokaj) Subject: Wordgame ï¿½Noï¿½ as in ï¿½Noteï¿½ Answers ï¿½ a spout on a hose etc. from which a jet issues ? Nozzel ï¿½ a small round piece of meat or a chocolate made with hazelnuts ? Noisette ï¿½ something or someone absolutely un	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,825	In bookmaking how many times would an quarto sheet be folded?	In bookmaking how many times would an quarto sheet be folded? View the step-by-step solution to: In bookmaking how many times would an quarto sheet be folded? This question was answered on Sep 06, 2015. View the Answer In bookmaking how many times would an quarto sheet be folded? ghyujinkolp posted a question · Sep 06, 2015 at 11:04pm Top Answer The way to answer this question is ... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(26243582) ]} Tutor_will_solve answered the question · Sep 06, 2015 at 11:05pm Other Answers Let me explain the... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(26243588) ]} It should be folded twice to produce... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(26244369) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions 5 English experts found online! Average reply time is 5 mins Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. - Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! - Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!	1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? 10. From what ancient activity does the word ‘crestfallen’ come? 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? 14. What did Britain’s roads first acquire in 1914? 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children’s TV programme How? 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? 19. Who were Tom and Barbara’s neighbours in The Good Life? 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your ‘Daisy Roots’? 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? 22. Which actor played Columbo? 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White Lines; 15. Robbie Fowler; 16. Hearsay; 17. Jack Hargreaves; 18. Dawn French; 19. Margo and Jerry Leadbetter; 20. Boots; 21. McWhirter (Ross and Norris); 22. Peter Falk; 23. Two; 24. The Clock Tower on the Palace of Westminster in London (Big Ben is the nickname for the bell); 25. The National Trust; 26. Brough Superior; 27. Yellow; 28. Fungi; 29. Nelson Mandela House; 30. Universal Serial Bus Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,826	A grimoire is a book of what?	Grimoire or Book of Shadows - Your Sacred Book of Witchcraft - GothWitch THE GRIMOIRE The Ancient Book of Forbidden Magic Text One of the most important items you will ever create is your Grimoire, Book of Shadows or Journal if you prefer. This is where you should record everything associated with your journey; rituals, spells, thoughts, inspirations, and any other information you deem needful. It can be in any form you choose; 3-ring binder, journal, note book, computer file(!), etc... Ok, lets introduce you to your M Example of what an Ancient Spellbook could look likeagic Book. Wicca practitioners use a Book of Shadows, but if you are here there is a chance you are looking for something other than the Wicca path. So what is a Grimoire? What Is A Grimoire? Lets look at an official definition - A Grimoire is a textbook of magic. It is a magic book, a life collection of spells, recipes, secrets of nature and sometimes even science, advice, ancient wisdom and instructions. Such books typically include instructions on how to create magical objects like talismans and amulets, how to perform magical spells, charms and divination and also how to summon or invoke supernatural entities such as angels, spirits, and demons. In many cases, the books themselves are also believed to be imbued with magical powers, though in many cultures, other sacred texts that are not Grimoires, such as the Bible, have also been believed to have magical properties intrinsically; in this manner while all books on magic could be thought of as Grimoires, not all magical books could. Many of these have been handed down through generations, others are created by new members to the Magic family researching old traditional methods of living and healing. Many of the contents of these books are simple traditional recipes using time honoured ingredients often referred to as complementary or alternative medicine. Book of Shadows or Grimoire? Wiccan's use a Book Of Shadows. Witches use, well whatever works! Some call their book a Book of Shadows, Grimoire, Diary, Journal or many other names exist, just use whatever works best. Do what feels right! There is no right or wrong way, you keep your book in a way and manner that works for you, and call it what you will! A Book of Shadows or BoS contains everything you do, including observance, very much like a diary or journal etc. The Book of Shadows came into being with the invention of Wicca by Gerald Gardner. The book contains your views on your deities, information on the Sabbats, details of your coven's rules and practices if in one, it containing the core rituals, magical practices, magical and religious texts, ethics and philosophy of a Wiccan. A Grimoire is more exact, being like an instruction book of information, a textbook. They contain very detailed instructional guides often with images, also included is the theory and practice of the witchcraft or magic it is explaining. It holds "recipes" for things like spells and invocations, performing divination, even instructions for invoking angels or demons. It can contain the symbols, protocol and invocations of the specific class of magic for either the Sorcerer, Necromancer or Witch. For those like myself who are not Wicca and embrace the darker side of magic as well as the lighter side in equal parts, the modern Grimoire is probably the best option for magic book, keeping within the tradition of the ancient sorcerers, but within evolution of modern magic practices. Remember that Wicca is not the only path, though in today's magic world it is very hard to find anything that is not influenced by Wicca or the rules and Rede it is bound by. You do not have to be evil to follow a darker path, witches like me study to understand more the dark arts as you can not deny its existence. I use a Grimoire, that is MY way. So I am using a book similar to a Book of Shadows but it still contains my entire life of being a Witch but its focus will be less predefined and will not contain such things as the Wicca Rede. Remember, you do not need to call your book a Grimoire	Alexander McCall Smith Biography. Bibliography. AUTHOR PROFILE Author Biography Alexander McCall Smith was born in Zimbabwe and educated both there and in Scotland. He worked as a Professor in Law in Scotland after graduating, also returning to the University of Botswana to work for several years in the Law Faculty he helped to set up there. He retired from his post as Professor of Medical Law at the University of Edinburgh in 2005, in order to concentrate on his writing career. He has been a visiting Professor at various other universities including in Italy and the USA. He is an international authority on genetics and advisor to UNESCO and to the British government on bioethics. His books include many specialist titles, for example, The Criminal Law of Botswana (1992), the only book on the subject, and Forensic Aspects of Sleep (1997), again the definitive title on this area of knowledge. He has written many popular children's novels and picture books, as well as collections of short stories such as The Girl Who Married a Lion: And Other Tales From Africa (2004), based on African stories handed down to him. In 1998, he wrote The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency, a novel about Precious Ramotswe, an amateur sleuth turned professional detective in Botswana. It became the first of a series of novels which have since become extremely popular worldwide, and have been translated into many languages. The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency gained two Booker Prize for Fiction Judges' Special Recommendations, made the New York Times Bestseller list and was voted one of the International Books of the Year and the Millennium by the Times Literary Supplement. It was adapted for television by Anthony Minghella and broadcast on BBC1 in 2008. Tears of the Giraffe (2000), its sequel, was named one of The Guardian's top ten fiction books of 2000 and the fifth book in the series, The Full Cupboard of Life (2003) won the 2003 Saga Award for Wit. In 2004, Alexander McCall Smith also won the British Book Awards Author of the Year award. The latest book in the series of ten is Tea Time for the Traditionally Built(2009). In 2004, the first of a new series of novels was published - The Sunday Philisophy Club - featuring Isabel Dalhousie, a Scottish-American Professor of moral philosophy. The second in the series, Friends, Lovers, Chocolate, was published in 2005, the third, The Right Attitude to Rain, in 2006, the fourth, The Careful Use of Compliments, in 2007, and the fifth, The Comforts of a Muddy Saturday, in 2008. Alexander McCall Smith lives in Edinburgh, plays in the Really Terrible Orchestra and wrote a serial novel in daily episodes through the pages of The Scotsman newspaper entitled '44, Scotland Street'. 44 Scotland Street was published in book form in 2005, and has been followed by several other books in the same series, the latest being The Unbearable Lightness of Scones (2008). He is currently writing Corduroy Mansions in 100 episodes - a serial novel for the Telegraph website. Bibliography Power and Manoeuvrability (edited with Tony Carty) Q Press, 1978 So You Want to Try Drugs? (with Fiona Foster) Macdonald, 1980 The White Hippo (illustrated by Michael clifford) Hamish Hamilton, 1980 All About Drinking (with Fiona Foster) Macdonald, 1981 The Little Theatre (illustrated by Peter Rush-Jansen) Macdonald, 1982 The Perfect Hamburger (illustrated by Laszlo Acs) Hamilton, 1982 Law and Medical Ethics (with J. K. Mason) Butterworth, 1983 Y blas sy'n cyfri (with Alwena Williams; illustrated by Lazlo Acs) Gomer, 1983 Butterworths Medico-Legal Encyclopaedia (with J. K. Mason) Butterworths, 1986 On the Road Chambers, 1987 Alix and the Tigers (illustrated by Jon Miller) Young Corgi Books, 1988 Film Boy (illustrated by Joanna Carey) Methuen Children's, 1988 Mike's Magic Seeds Young Corgi, 1988 Children of Wax: African Folk Tales (editor) Canongate, 1989 Uncle Gangster Methuen Children's, 1989 Akimbo and the Elephants Mammoth, 1990 All about Drink and Drug Abuse Macmillan, 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,827	What is the name of fictional character Dr Doolittle’s parrot?	The Adventures of Doctor Dolittle Submissions The Adventures of Doctor Dolittle "My community in San Rafael, CA just finished a 3 weekend run, and it was fantastic. Furthermore, the entire cast is considering going into group treatment to help us stop singing the play's songs day and night, to anyone who will listen. Just yesterday, I picked up my seven-year-old and started singing "Yo-ho, yo-ho..." And she was like, "Oh no, Mommy, I just finally got it out of my head and now you put it in again!" This play is so extremely well written, so full of wonderful characters and top notch, clever, and uplifting songs." —Julie Fingersh, San Rafael Community Services, Calif. "Get ready for the most exciting musical production to hit the Glenrock Auditorium Stage in years! Elliott B. Baker's music and lyrics, in his play as adapted from the book by Hugh Lofting, are captivating, exciting, and just downright fun. Make it a point not to miss this unbelievable, enjoyable, and delightful home-town production." —Casper Star Tribune American Stage Festival—2009 By Elliott Barry Baker. Adapted from the book by Hugh Lofting. Cast: 16-26+ actors (gender flexible) with as many villagers, animals, pirates, and Jolliginki as desired. "Who would have believed that animals have their own side of things?" One very special doctor with a deep understanding and love of animals finds he is able to speak with them. This one moment of comprehension is a light that carries John Dolittle, M.D., from one adventure to the next. Doctor Dolittle, Polynesia the parrot, Gug-Gub the pig, Jip the dog, Dab-Dab the duck and Chee-Chee the monkey travel to Africa to save the monkeys from a terrible plague. Once there they are captured and escape from the Jolliginki who want to serve them for dinner, elude misguided pirates who want to ransom them, and discover wild and wonderful never-before-seen animals. Even the famous African cannibal food critic, Mimi Eataton, makes an appearance. Doctor Dolittle comes to see that his love of learning coupled with his love of animals affords him a unique opportunity to speak on behalf of all animals. With the cooperation of all the animals of Africa, the doctor creates a solution that in the end protects the animals while providing new and better employment for the pirates and Jolliginki. Perseverance, patience and creativity win over ignorance every time." Area staging with set props. Approximate Running Time: 1 hour and 40 minutes. Also Available: An optional accompaniment CD is available for use with this show. See Rental Info for details. Music Samples	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 12th February–the questions Macclesfield Pub Quiz League SET BY THE LAMB SHANKS Vetted by the Plough Horntails and Ox-Fford ART AND LITERATURE 1 Which poet versified about a “dirty British coaster with a salt-caked smokestack” in the poem Cargoes? (John Masefield) 2 Which modern Poet Laureate was commemorated with a memorial stone in Westminster Abbey in December 2011? (Ted Hughes) 3 Octarine (the colour of magic) is the eighth colour of the spectrum on which world? (The Discworld – as written about by Terry Pratchett) 4 Who (or what) complained “Here I am, brain the size of a planet, and they ask me to take you to the bridge. Call that job satisfaction, 'cause I don't”? (Marvin, the paranoid android, in Douglas Adam’s Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy) 5 What musical instrument of the woodwind family is an aerophone , or reedless wind instrument producing its sound from the flow of air across an opening? (Flute, or piccolo) 6 Who sculpted the version of the Three Graces statue commissioned by John Russell, the 6th Duke of Bedford that is now on display alternately in the National Gallery of Scotland and the Victoria and Albert Museum? (Antonio Canova) 7 Kubla Khan and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner are two of the main works of which poet? (Samuel Taylor Coleridge) 8 Pablo Picasso created which painting in response to the bombing of a Basque town by warplanes from Germany and Italy in 1937. What is the name of the painting? (Guernica) 9 Who are the Samuel Becket characters Vladimir and Estragon waiting for? (Godot – in the play waiting for Godot) 10 The ‘trio’ to March No. 1 in D of the Pomp and Circumstance Military Marches is better known as the music to which song? (Land of Hope and Glory) ‘ELF N’SAFETY (Most questions are taken from the health and safety test labourers on a construction site have to pass. They are mostly Health and Safety related, but the odd one does mention “Elf” as well) 1 Fire extinguishers can contain one of four substances – water, powder, foam and what? (Carbon dioxide – CO2 – accept also Halon or wet chemicals) 2 Which part of your body is most likely to be injured if you lift heavy loads? (Your back) 3 Name one of the two animals that carry Weil’s Disease, also known as Leptospirosis, in their urine? (Rats or Cows) 4 The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act is the primary piece of legislation regulating workplace health, safety and welfare within the United Kingdom. In which decade was it passed into law? (1970s - 1974 ) 5 What is sort of creature is Dobbie in the Harry Potter books and films? (A House Elf – full name required) 6 If someone is injured at work who should record it in the accident book? (The injured person or someone acting for them) 7 Which colour identifies the ‘live’ wire in a modern (new) 240 volt electricity supply? (Brown) 8 Which 1960s car (sister to the Wolseley Hornet) was also a ‘mini with a boot’? (Riley Elf - full make and model required) 9 How are legionella bacteria passed on to humans? (Through fine water droplets such as sprays or mists) 10 What is the early sign of noise damaging your hearing? (Temporary deafness) GEOGRAPHY 1 What is the name of the village near Dorchester, built at the instigation of Prince Charles as a response against “modernist” architectural design? (Poundbury) 2 Which member of the Commonwealth is formed of ten Provinces and three Territories? (Canada) 3 In which range of Irish mountains does the River Liffey rise? (Wicklow Mountains) 4 What is the capital of Burkina Faso? (Ouagadougou) 5 In which English county is most of the Forest of Dean? (Gloucestershire) 6 What colour is a Geography pie in Trivial Pursuits? (Blue) 7 Cape York is the northernmost point of which Commonwealth country? (Australia) 8 Which African country was called Nyasaland until 1964? (Malawi) 9 What country is Budejowice in (pronounced boo day yo vit ze)? (The Czech Republic – it is also known as Budweis) 10 The River Hafren flows out of Wales near Crew Green in Shropshire. What is it called in English? (River Severn) HISTORY 1 What	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,828	Which Benjamin Britten opera was composed to commemorate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth the Second?	Britten, Benjamin \| San Francisco Classical Voice San Francisco Classical Voice Twentieth-century English composer of opera and other works. Many of his operas have become standard repertory. Vital Statistics Born: Lowestoft, Suffolk, Nov 22, 1913 Died: Aldeburgh, Dec 4, 1976 Nationality: English Genre: 20th Century Performed as: Pianist, conductor During the composer's lifetime: Both World Wars and the reconstruction of Europe that took place after the second. Biographical Outline Early years: Son of a dentist, his mother an amateur musician, Britten shows musical talent and begins composing at age five or six. Higher education: Britten enters the Royal College of Music, London, on a composition scholarship in 1930, studies with the modernist composer Frank Bridge, and graduates in 1932. That year, his Opus 1 (Sinfonietta) attracts notice for the 19-year-old composer. First gig, 1935: Britten composes film music for the General Post Office Film Unit, which made public-information documentaries. Here Britten meets several friends and collaborators, including W.H. Auden and Montagu Slater. Love and art, 1937: Britten meets the tenor Peter Pears, with whom he forms an enduring artistic relationship. Shortly afterward, the pair become lovers and then life partners. The war years, 1939-45: Due in part to Britten's pacifism, he and Pears travel to Canada and America. In 1942, Britten returns to England to work on his opera Peter Grimes, which premieres at Sadler's Wells Theatre in 1945. Opera and festival, 1946-50: The success of Peter Grimes brings Britten to the forefront of English composers. In 1947, he and his supporters found the English Opera Group, touring the composer's new operas, The Rape of Lucretia and Albert Herring. He and Pears also plan a musical festival at Aldeburgh, a town on the English Channel coast where the pair settle. The annual festivals spur Britten's creativity and quickly become important to British music in general. National composer, 1951-62: For the Festival of Britain, a national exhibition that promoted postwar recovery and redevelopment, Britten is commissioned to compose the opera Billy Budd (1951). For the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, he writes Gloriana (1953). In 1962, another important, commissioned work premieres: the War Requiem, written for the re-consecration of Coventry Cathedral, which had been destroyed in WWII. Change of pace, 1963-69: His 50th birthday celebrations are the high point of recognition for Britten as an "official" English composer. In the rest of the decade, he returns to instrumental music, works on smaller scale, more severe pieces, such as the "Church parable" operas, and travels with Pears. Last works, 1970-76: Britten composes his last works, including the opera Death in Venice, the String Quartet No. 3, the dramatic cantata Phaedra, and three works for Peter Pears, the final notes in a remarkable string of works for the tenor. He dies of heart failure in Pears' arms. Fun Facts Youth focus: Britten was intensely interested in childhood and children. In his many works for children's voices, in his emphasis on that world, Britten developed a style that was distinctly more accessible than many composers of his era. Accessibility: Noye's Fludde (Noah's Flood, 1957) is conceived for audience participation. It's one of a number of Britten's works, such as The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra (1946), that are educational and reach out to the larger community. Eminent citizen: Britten was awarded the Order of Merit in 1965, a highly prestigious honor. Only 24 living British citizens may belong to the Order at any given time. Britten replaced T.S. Eliot, who died in 1965. Britten also held other dignities, including a Barony of the United Kingdom. Antiwar politics: Britten was a staunch pacifist, and several of his works convey pacifist messages. Symbolic soloists: The soloists for the 1962 premiere performance of War Requiem were the British tenor Peter Pears, the German baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, and the Russian soprano Galina Vishnevskaya. The	Elgar - His Music : Symphony No 2 in E flat major (to the memory of) King Edward VII A more detailed account of the Second Symphony can be found elsewhere on this site. Although the second symphony followed the first by only three years, in the intervening period the world and Elgar had changed. The ebullient, confident mood of the early years of the century was dying, the tensions that culminated in the First World War were beginning to emerge and, by the time of the symphony's first performance, King Edward VII had also died. While the symphony was well received by most standards, the audience's response to the first performance was polite and restrained in comparison to the uninhibited reception given to its predecessor, leading Elgar to liken them to stuffed pigs. In some respects, this symphony has never fully recovered from that start - it is probably the less popular and less frequently performed of the two symphonies despite being melodically more inventive and varied than the first symphony . This may be because it is the more complex work. Rather than a single theme recurring in all four movements, structural unity is achieved through extensive cross-references between movements, most dramatically when the rather ghostly theme from the first movement re-emerges as a frenzied outburst in the middle of the rondo. And there is a marked contrast in mood. In place of the lyrical dreaminess of the first symphony 's adagio, the second contains a somewhat sombre funeral march. (Many assumed this to be in memory of the recently deceased king, but sketches of the movement exist from some years before. Elgar probably composed the theme as a tribute to his friend Alfred Rodewald, the Liverpool businessman who conducted the first performance of the first two Pomp and Circumstance marches in 1901 and who died two years later at the age of 43.) And in contrast to the jaunty confidence of the first symphony , the second has an inner restlessness and mood of conflict which is only resolved when, in the closing minutes, the "spirit of delight" theme which opens the symphony returns to bestow a satisfying tranquility. Return to :	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,829	What is the main ingredient of the Indian dish dhal	Indian Dal \| Whole Foods Market Whole Foods Market Tweet Serves 6 Nutritious and flavorful, with added heat from a jalapeño, this recipe is an ideal choice for a quick evening meal. Dal is one of the principal foods of the Indian subcontinent where the term can be used to mean either an ingredient or the dish made from it. If using green or black beluga lentils instead of red, the cooking time should be increased by 10 to 15 minutes. 2 cups red lentils, sorted and rinsed 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil 1 yellow onion, finely chopped 1 teaspoon whole cumin seeds 1/4 teaspoon ground cardamom 4 cloves garlic, finely chopped 2 tablespoons finely chopped ginger 4 cups low-sodium vegetable broth 1 1/2 cup chopped tomatoes, with their juice 1/3 cup chopped fresh cilantro 1 teaspoon ground turmeric 1/4 teaspoon fine sea salt 1 jalapeño pepper, stemmed, seeded and finely chopped You must be signed in to use shopping lists. Sign in or create account Create a new list: Cancel Method: Heat oil in a large pot over medium high heat. Add onions and cook until softened, about 5 minutes. Add cumin, cardamom, garlic and ginger and cook, stirring often, until fragrant, about 2 minutes. Add lentils, broth, tomatoes, cilantro, turmeric, salt and jalapeño and bring to a boil. Reduce heat to medium low, cover and simmer, stirring often, until lentils are soft, about 15 minutes. Ladle into bowls and serve. Nutritional Info: Per Serving: 310 calories (60 from fat), 6g total fat, 0.5g saturated fat, 300mg sodium, 43g carbohydrates, (10 g dietary fiber, 4g sugar), 18g protein. Special Diets: Sugar Conscious Note: We've provided special diet and nutritional information for educational purposes. But remember — we're cooks, not doctors! You should follow the advice of your health-care provider. And since product formulations change, check product labels for the most recent ingredient information. See our Terms of Service. Limit To Recipes Featured In Health Starts Here® Get seasonal recipes and cooking tips delivered to your inbox! Email Address User Login Select a store Selecting a store allows you to see that store's content throughout the site, such as sales, store events, and more. Select Your Location "Whole Foods Market" is a registered trademark of Whole Foods Market IP, L.P. Sign in with a social account {* loginWidget } Sign in with your social account Welcome back { welcomeName }! Almost Done! Please confirm the information below before signing in. { #socialRegistrationForm } { socialRegistration_firstName } { socialRegistration_lastName } { socialRegistration_emailAddress } { socialRegistration_displayName } { socialRegistration_postalCode } By clicking "Sign in", you confirm that you accept our terms of service and have read and understand privacy policy . { backButton } { /socialRegistrationForm } Thank you for registering! We have sent a confirmation email to { emailAddressData }. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. Almost Done! Please confirm the information below before signing in. Already have an account? Sign In. { #registrationForm } { traditionalRegistration_firstName } { traditionalRegistration_lastName } { traditionalRegistration_emailAddress } { traditionalRegistration_password } { traditionalRegistration_passwordConfirm } { traditionalRegistration_displayName } { traditionalRegistration_postalCode } { captcha } By clicking "Create Account", you confirm that you accept our terms of service and have read and understand privacy policy . { backButton *}	A Guide to Ordering Indian Food: Indian Menu Terms & Dishes (Part-I) A Guide to Ordering Indian Food: Indian Menu Terms & Dishes (Part-I) In my previous post- A Guide to Ordering Indian Food: What You Need to Know Before You Order I started you off with the basics of Ordering from an Indian Menu, the components of an Indian Meal and how it’s served to access how much to order. In this post I’ll cover roughly what some of the names you may come across on an Indian Menu and their meanings which will help you decide what you’d like to Order the next time your at an Indian restaurant. The Names of Indian Dishes The naming of Indian foods is not nearly as complex as it looks or sounds! The dishes are often named by the cooking process involved in preparing them (like Tandoori Chicken), or from the place the food originated from (like Kashmiri Aloo from the Kashmir region), or the culture it was adapted from (like Mughlai Biryani which comes from the famous Mughal culture), or the main ingredient in it (like Chicken Adraki which is made with mainly ginger and chicken)or the texture or dominant flavor of the finished dish (for example Reshmi Kabab with literally means Silken or smooth referring to the succulent bits of chicken or Achaari Murg with its pickle-style flavors). Indian Menus generally list dishes as two word options, usually the first word telling you what is cooked, the second word describing how it is cooked or any of the above references. General Terms Translated Murg or Murgh: is the Hindi word for Chicken Gosht or Gosh: is the Urdu word for meat mainly lamb, beef or mutton (which is goats meat…more commonly used across Indian instead of lamb). In India with it’s vast majority of Hindu’s that don’t eat beef it is usually means mutton or lamb. Keema/Kheema: is the Hindi word for mince (it could be mice chicken, mutton, lamb or beef) Aloo: is the Hindi word for Potato Mutter: is the Hindi word for Peas Palak: is the Hindi word for Spinach Chole or Channa: is the Hindi word for Chickpeas. Malai: is the Hindi word for Cream. It signifies a dish thickened or enriched with fresh Cream. Ghee: is the Hindi word a type Clarified Butter Chai: is the Hindi word for Tea with milk Common Dishes on Indian Menu’s Appitizers or Starters Indian Appetizers or starters as they are known are usually dry dishes that come in bite sized portions on a platter. The following dishes are often found on Indian Menu’s under Starters. Tandoori Kebabs These are marinated meat pieces cooked on metal skewers in an Indian clay oven called tandoor, which is where the word tandoori comes from. The secret of the marinade is the use of yogurt which binds the spices to the meat and acts as a tenderizer. The most popular Tandoori dish is the Tandoori Chicken. Other tandoori dishes you’ll find on the menu include Malai Kebab (creamy kebab), Reshmi Kebab(meaning succulent kebab) and Sheekh Kebab(spiced mince meat kebab). Tikka Tikka means bits or chunks. A marinade made with spices and yogurt, often used on cubes of chicken or paneer (Indian cottage cheese), Tikkas are often mild due to the yogurt. The pieces marinated in a Tikka Masala(spice mix) are also cooked in a tandoor. Pakoras or Pakodas Crunchy batter fried fritters of various vegetables like cauliflower, Spinach, potato, eggplant, capsicum or whole chillies, onion or paneer (Indian cottage cheese). The batter is usually made of besan (gram flour) and a few spices. The vegetables are dipped in the batter to coat them completely and then deep fried. It’s served with a chutney or ketchup. Papad The Papad or Papadum as it’s also known can best be described as a type of Tortilla. Typically it is made from lentil, chickpea, black gram or rice flour. The dough of a Papad is shaped into a thin, round flat breads and then dried (traditionally in the sun) and can be cooked by deep-frying, roasting over an open flame, toasting, or microwaving, depending on the desired texture. It can be served plain as a crunchy snack or is sometimes topped with a kind of salsa of tomato, onion, coriander and chilli wh	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,830	"""Tell Me Why"" is featured in which Beatles film?"	Tell Me Why \| The Beatles Bible One of the more uptempo rockers on the A Hard Day's Night album, Tell Me Why was written by John Lennon for the concert sequence in the film. They needed another upbeat song and I just knocked it off. It was like a black-New-York-girl-group song John Lennon All We Are Saying, David Sheff Although Lennon dismissed Tell Me Why as a throwaway, Paul McCartney later suggested the song, along with others written for A Hard Day's Night, was partly autobiographical. I think a lot of these songs like Tell Me Why may have been based in real experiences or affairs John was having or arguments with Cynthia or whatever, but it never occurred to us until later to put that slant on it all. Paul McCartney Many Years From Now, Barry Miles Tell Me Why was featured in the 'studio performance' sequence of the A Hard Day's Night film. The Beatles mimed to it in front of 350 screaming fans at the Scala Theatre, London, on 31 March 1964. There are four I really go for [in the film]: Can't Buy Me Love , If I Fell , I Should Have Known Better - a song with harmonica we feature during the opening train sequence - and Tell Me Why, a shuffle number that comes at the end of the film. John Lennon, 1964 Anthology For reasons unknown, John Lennon's vocals in the film are different from either the mono or stereo studio versions. In the studio The Beatles recorded Tell Me Why on 27 February 1964 in Abbey Road's Studio Two. It took the group eight takes to perfect.	1962 Academy Awards® Winners and History Actor: GREGORY PECK for "Lawrence of Arabia" Actress: ANNE BANCROFT in "The Miracle Worker", Bette Davis in "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?" , Katharine Hepburn in "Long Day's Journey Into Night", Geraldine Page in "Sweet Bird of Youth," Lee Remick in "Days of Wine and Roses" Supporting Actor: ED BEGLEY in "Sweet Bird of Youth", Victor Buono in "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?" , Telly Savalas in "Birdman of Alcatraz", Omar Sharif in "Lawrence of Arabia" , Terence Stamp in "Billy Budd" Supporting Actress: PATTY DUKE in "The Miracle Worker", Mary Badham in "To Kill a Mockingbird" , Shirley Knight in "Sweet Bird of Youth", Angela Lansbury in "The Manchurian Candidate" , Thelma Ritter in "Birdman of Alcatraz" Director: DAVID LEAN for "Lawrence of Arabia" , Pietro Germi for "Divorce - Italian Style", Robert Mulligan for "To Kill a Mockingbird" , Arthur Penn for "The Miracle Worker", Frank Perry for "David and Lisa" At the height of his directorial career, British director David Lean (and producer Sam Spiegel) repeated their collaborative victory of five years earlier (as director and producer of The Bridge On The River Kwai (1957) - a seven Oscar winner) in 1962. Their new, monumental historical film, Lawrence of Arabia , with ten nominations and seven Oscars, was a blockbuster and deserving Best Film winner. The over three-hour long spectacle/epic of desert pageantry about the adventures of British officer and Arabian desert guerrilla leader T. E. Lawrence (1888-1935) who led the Arab revolt against the Turks in 1917, was derived from Robert Bolt's screenplay. [This was the first of four British-made films that won the top Best Picture Oscar in the decade of the 1960s. The other three were Tom Jones (1963), A Man For All Seasons (1966), and Oliver! (1968).] The 1962 Best Picture winner's seven awards included Best Picture, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, Best Sound, Best Film Editing, and Best Musical Score. Naturally, one of its Oscars was for the photography of its magnificent locale - the desert. It remains the only Best Picture winner to have credited roles for actors of only one gender. There was not a single female speaking role - except for a camel named Gladys! It was Spiegel's third Oscar for Best Picture (earlier wins for the producer were for On The Waterfront (1954) and The Bridge On The River Kwai (1957) ). From the 1951 Academy Awards through to the present, according to the Academy's rules, the Best Picture nomination went to the individual producer(s) credited on the film, not to the production company or studio that produced the film. Note: Spiegel became (and remains) the only producer to have his name - and his name only - associated with three Best Picture Oscars, due to this Oscar win. The other Best Picture nominees included: Darryl F. Zanuck's 20th Century Fox epic production based on Cornelius Ryan's book, The Longest Day (with five nominations and two wins), another star-studded, documentary-style action/war film about the preparations and events of the Normandy/D-Day Allied landings on June 6	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,831	Which team won the Hockey World Cup the most times in the first 30 years of competition, which has been held every 2 to 3 years since 1971?	Cricket World Cup Winners Home > Events > Cricket > Cricket World Cup > Winners World Cup Results In the eleven ICC Cricket World Cups held so far, five different teams have won the tournament. Australia is the most successful World Cup team having won the tournament five times, and were runner up another two times. West Indies won the first two tournaments, and India have also won it two times. Pakistan and Sri Lanka have won one tournament each. Sri Lanka (1996) and India (2011) are the only hosts to win, when they co-hosted the tournament. Winners List The following is a list of the winning country and runner up for each Cricket World Cup. Click on the country names for more country information, or click on the year for more information about the tournament for that year. year	World Cup Golden Boot Winners - Historical World Cup Top Scorers Argentina 5 One of the most active markets for any World Cup is the Golden Boot with a number of players vying for an award which is presented to the highest goal scorer in the tournament. Over the years, there have been some incredible goal scoring feats at World Cup finals but who are the individuals that have made their mark in previous tournaments and what indicators can they give those of us who are making predictions for 2014? The Record Breaker France’s Just Fontaine holds the record for the most goals in a single World Cup tournament and it’s one that may never be broken. In current World Cup competitions, the most successful teams could play as many as seven games but could any of the current players match the 13 strikes that Fontaine achieved in Sweden in 1958? The striker was prolific in club football and averaged nearly a goal a game during his eight years with Stade Reims. His ratio at international level was even better and his performances at the 1958 finals would leave Fontaine with a record of 30 goals from 23 appearances. It’s claimed that he was playing in a pair of borrowed boots when he began his campaign with a hat trick in a 7-3 defeat of Uruguay. The Frenchman followed that achievement with a brace against Yugoslavia and a single, winning goal against the Scots which allowed his country to progress to the next phase. Three goals followed over two matches against Northern Ireland and Brazil before Fontaine netted no less than four times in the third place play off against West Germany. Behind this incredible achievement, Sandor Kocsis managed eleven strikes in the finals of 1954 but since Gerd Muller’s 10 in 1970, no player has managed more than eight in a single tournament. The Prolific Nations Aside from Just Fontaine’s magnificent 13 back in 1958, no Frenchman has taken the Golden Boot award. In fact, after the Stade Reims centre forward, there is a considerable gap in the country’s all time list. The finals in Sweden were the only time that Fontaine appeared in a tournament so he finished seven clear of Thierry Henry who scored six goals – three in 1998 and three in 2002. Other countries have been more prolific over a longer span and they tend to be the more successful nations in terms of World Cup victories. Brazil are well represented when it comes to the tournament’s leading goal scorers and out of eighteen finals, five Brazilians have either shared the Golden Boot or won it outright. The most successful of these was Ronaldo who currently holds the overall record for goals scored at the World Cup finals. The former Real Madrid target man has 15 strikes, spread over three tournaments, including a top scoring effort of eight as his country lifted the trophy in 2002. Behind Ronaldo, the legendary Pele has 12 goals in four tournaments although the man who many believe was the greatest to ever play the game, never actually won a Golden Boot. Germany also feature heavily in the list of all time leading scorers and Miroslav Klose has a chance of eclipsing Ronaldo’s record at the 2014 tournament. Along with the great Gerd Muller , the Lazio centre forward has 14 goals in World Cup finals and is set to be Germany’s first choice front man in Brazil. In total, German or West German players have finished as top scorer in three tournaments. Gerd Muller recorded an impressive ten goals in 1970 before Klose took an outright win in 2006. Thomas Muller completes the trio although the Bayern Munich man shared the award in 2010 with David Villa and Wesley Sneijder. An unlikely hero After West Germany’s Gerd Muller took the prestigious Golden Boot in 1970, he joined up with the national squad as they looked to win the World Cup on home soil four years later. The host nation duly completed a win after edging past the Netherlands by two goals to one in the final and while the man they called ‘Der Bomber’ scored four times, the top scorer accolade finished in the hands of an unlikely recipient. Poland’s Grzegorz Lato featured in three FIFA World Cup	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,832	The last two editors of which reference book, known as the ‘Bible of Cricket’ have been Lawrence Booth and Scyld Berry?	Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2010: Amazon.co.uk: Scyld Berry: 9781408124666: Books Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2010 Add all three to Basket Buy the selected items together This item:Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2010 by Scyld Berry Hardcover Â£45.00 Only 1 left in stock (more on the way). Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery in the UK. Details Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2011 by Scyld Berry Hardcover Â£42.30 Only 1 left in stock (more on the way). Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery in the UK. Details Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2012 by Lawrence Booth Hardcover Â£30.00 Only 1 left in stock (more on the way). Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery in the UK. Details Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Apple To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. or Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . Product details Publisher: A & C Black Publishers Ltd; HB edition edition (15 April 2010) Language: English Product Dimensions: 11.2 x 5.6 x 16.6 cm Average Customer Review: Product Description Review 'There can't really be any doubt about the cricket book of the year, any year: it's obviously "Wisden"' --Andrew Baker in the "Daily Telegraph" 'A charming read!' --Hartlepool Mail - 2010 About the Author Scyld Berry Mayfield is an international expert on cricket. What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item? By Quiverbow TOP 1000 REVIEWER on 14 April 2010 Format: Hardcover Well there's something I didn`t expect to see; the opening fixtures of the domestic season have already been played and it hasn't rained. The second bit of good news is that the 147th edition of Wisden is now available. It isn't really worth going through what this book contains, as those of you whom are no doubt perusing its pages know what it contains. However, for those unfamiliar, in a nutshell it's 1728 pages of match reports and figures pertaining to last season at home (April to September), with a similar section for overseas cricket (January to December). Sounds boring, I know, but you really cannot put this book down. The editorial in the first part is what you have come to expect, including an excellent piece on cricket during WW2, and the usual complaints from Scyld Berry - and rightly so - this time concerning the ludicrous decision of the ECB to ditch the 50-over tournament; something Duncan Fletcher also sees as short sighted in his two page article on the very same subject. Nevertheless, as each year passes, it gets harder to include everything in the way the publisher and editor would probably wish. (Moreover, who knows what 2012 will bring when the ECB can't even decide the format of next season.) My only gripe is that this edition of Wisden was issued after the season had started, which isn't really the fault of the publisher; it's more a problem with those who administer the game not knowing what they're doing. Will the institution that is Wisden be around for many more years? I hope so, but I fear that as the sport of cricket consumes itself with overkill - the minimum number of matches played by each county this season is 44, as opposed to 34 last year - everything connected will go the same way. By Susie on 23 Sept. 2010 Format: Hardcover We have been purchasing Wisdom as a family since its inception but regrettably have a few years missing around the time of World War 11. I think that speaks for itself. A wonderful record of cricket for the enthusiast and amateur alike. It sits on the table by my husband's chair during the cricket season. In recent years it is son and grandson who are involved in Irish cricket. Comment 3 people found this	Test Cricket Tours - Cancelled Tours England to South Africa 1890-91 Political tension in South Africa A proposed tour of South Africa in 1889-90, which would have included Lancashire professional Johnny Briggs, had come to nothing. Then in February 1890 James Lillywhite and George Lohmann started to organise a team to tour South Africa during the next winter. Lillywhite assured the South Africans that the team 'will be much more powerful than Major Warton's'. He continued that tourists 'in all probability … will have been secured' before his letter arrived 'as possibly an attempt to get a team for Australia might be made'. Yet in September 1890 the proposed tour was abandoned due to the ongoing political tension in South Africa. In January 1891 Cricket reported that George Lohmann was again making preparations to take a powerful side and the South African Cricket Association had voted in of such a tour. However, on 26 February it was announced that the project had been abandoned having 'passed out of the scope of practical politics'. From 'The Beau Ideal' (Ric Sissons). Rival W W Read took his own English side in 1891-92. South Africa to England 1911 Australia to England 1913 The Triangular Tournament To accommodate the Triangular Tournament, South Africa deferred its visit in 1911 to 1912 while Australia brought forward its visit to England from 1913 to 1912. The 1912-13 series between South Africa and Australia was dropped. 1915 South Africa to England 1915-16 England (M.C.C) to Australia 1916 Second triangular contest 1916-17 South Africa to Australia 1917 Australia to England 1917-18 England (M.C.C.) to South Africa Australia to England 1920 In February 1919 the Australian Board of Control inquired whether the Marylebone Cricket Club (M.C.C.) would send an English team to Australia in 1920-21 if the Australians sent a team to England. M.C.C. considered the question of hosting an Australian team but decided it was unable to do so but might obtain the English counties’ agreement to a tour in 1920. Postponed I.C.C. tours in the 1920s Postponed The Imperial Cricket Conference set down a programme of Test tours at its meeting on 6 June 1921: 1923 South Africa to England 1923-24 England to Australia 1925 Australia to England All three tours were subsequently deferred for one year. At its meeting (at Lord’s) on 1 June 1926 it set down a further programme of Test tours, one of which (South Africa to England 1928) was subsequently deferred for one year to 1929 to allow new ICC member West Indies to tour England South Africans to India 1929 Anthony De Mello (who became Indian Board secretary) and the Board’s first chairman R.E..Grant-Govan were in England in 1928 making plans for tours to India by South Africa in 1929 and by England in 1930-31. Meanwhile so little progress was made forming an Indian Board of Control that by the time it was done in 1929, the momentum had gone, and South Africa never went to India until 1992 (for a one-day series) or 1996 (for Test matches) Rearranged I.C.C. tours in the 1930s Postponed to accommodate a full Indian tour of England The ICC meeting at The Oval in 1929 drew up a programme of tours New Zealand and possibly India to England 1931 : the Indian tour was deferred to 1932 West Indians to England 1932 was deferred to 1933 South Africa to England 1933 was deferred to 1935 England (M.C.C) to India 1930-31 Civil disturbances M.C.C. was forced to put off its visit to India in 1930-31 in the face of civil disturbances arising from the independence movement. The Maharajkumar (Prince) ‘Vizzy’ organised a replacement team, Vizianagram’s XI. “The cancellation of the M.C.C. tour gave the greatest disappointment to Indian cricketers,” he said. “I was fired with a passion to compensate India.” His team inc	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,833	In which year was Marie Antoinette executed?	10 Things You May Not Know About Marie Antoinette - History in the Headlines 10 Things You May Not Know About Marie Antoinette October 16, 2013 By Christopher Klein Share this: 10 Things You May Not Know About Marie Antoinette Author 10 Things You May Not Know About Marie Antoinette URL Google On the morning of October 16, 1793, Henri Sanson entered the prison cell housing Marie Antoinette, the 37-year-old former queen of France who only hours before had been convicted of treason and sentenced to death. The red-hooded executioner sheared Marie Antoinette’s beloved locks to allow for a quick, clean cut of his guillotine blade. Moments after cutting her hair, Sanson cut off her head as a joyous crowd cheered, “Vive la nation!” More than 220 years after her execution, learn 10 surprising facts about Marie Antoinette. 1. Marie Antoinette was born an Austrian princess. Born in Vienna, Austria, in 1755, Archduchess Marie Antoinette was the 15th and last child of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and the powerful Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa. 2. She was only 14 years old when she married the future Louis XVI. To seal the newfound alliance between longtime enemies Austria and France that had been forged by the Seven Years’ War, the Austrian monarchs offered the hand of their youngest daughter to the heir apparent to the French throne, Dauphin Louis-Auguste. On May 7, 1770, the 14-year-old royal bride was delivered to the French on an island in the middle of the Rhine River, and a grand procession escorted the archduchess to the Palace of Versailles. The day after Marie Antoinette met the 15-year-old future king of France, the two were wed in a lavish palace ceremony. 3. It took seven years for the future king and queen to consummate their marriage. Politics literally made strange bedfellows in the case of Marie Antoinette and Louis-Auguste. Just hours after they first met, the young teenagers were escorted to the bridal chamber on their wedding night by the groom’s grandfather, King Louis XV. After the king blessed their bed, gave both a kiss and left the room to allow them to start work on producing a royal heir, nothing happened between the two relative strangers that night. Apparently, nothing happened for the next seven years either. The dauphin suffered from a painful medical condition that rendered him impotent, and the palace gossip soon circulated around Europe. Finally in 1777, Maria Theresa dispatched one of her sons, Emperor Joseph II, to Versailles to intervene, and the problem was rectified either because the now King Louis XVI underwent surgery to correct the problem or because, in the words of the emperor, the couple had been “two complete blunderers.” Within a year, Marie Antoinette bore the first of the couple’s four children. 4. Marie Antoinette was a teen idol. Unlike during her years as queen, Marie Antoinette captivated the French public in her early years in the country. When the teenager made her initial appearance in the French capital, a crowd of 50,000 Parisians grew so uncontrollable that at least 30 people were trampled to death in the crush. 5. Her towering bouffant hairdo once sported a battleship replica. As Will Bashor details in his new book, “Marie Antoinette’s Head,” royal hairdresser Léonard Autié became one of the queen’s closest confidants as he concocted her gravity-defying hairdos, which rose nearly four feet high. Autié accessorized the queen’s fantastical poufs with feathers, trinkets and on one occasion even an enormous model of the French warship La Belle Poule to commemorate its sinking of a British frigate. 6. A fairy-tale village was built for her at Versailles. While peasants starved in villages throughout France, Marie Antoinette commissioned the construction of the Petit Hameau, a utopian hamlet with lakes, gardens, cottages, watermills and a farmhouse on the palace grounds. The queen and her ladies-in-waiting dressed up as peasants and pretended to be milkmaids and shepherdesses in their picturesque rural retreat. Marie Antoinette’s elaborate spending on frivolities such as the Pet	The Aristocats \| Disney Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Plot Title Card for The Aristocats In Paris, France , in 1910, a mother cat named Duchess and her three kittens -- Marie , Berlioz and Toulouse -- live in the mansion of retired opera singer Madame Adelaide Bonfamille , along with her English butler, Edgar Balthazar . She early on settles her will with her lawyer, Georges Hautcourt - an aged, eccentric old friend of hers - stating that she wishes the "faithful" Edgar to look after her beloved cats until they die. Only then will he inherit the fortune himself. Edgar hears this from his own room and believes he will be dead before he inherits Madame Adelaide's fortune, and so plots to remove the cats from a position of inheritance (clearly not thinking about how he would be essentially in control of the fortune, despite having to take good care of them). Edgar sedates the cats by putting an entire bottle of sleeping pills into their food and then heads out into the country side to dispose of them. However, two hound dogs named Napoleon and Lafayette attack him. After the conflict, Edgar escapes, leaving behind his umbrella, hat, the cats' bed-basket and the sidecar of his motorcycle in the process. The cats are left alone and afraid in the countryside, while Madame Adelaide, Roquefort the Mouse and Frou Frou the horse discover their absence. In the morning, Duchess meets an alley cat named Thomas O'Malley , who offers to guide her and the kittens to Paris. They have a struggle returning to the city, briefly hitchhiking on the back of a milk cart before being unfortunately chased off by the driver. Marie subsequently falls into a river and is saved by O'Malley. They then meet a pair of British white geese, Amelia and Abigail Gabble, who are travelling to Paris. The group head off, marching like geese, until they reach Paris and come across the girls' drunken Uncle Waldo. Abigail and Amelia then depart to take Waldo home. Travelling across the rooftops of the city, the cats meet Scat Cat and his band, close friends to O'Malley, who perform the song Everybody Wants to Be a Cat . After the band have departed and the kittens lie in bed, O'Malley and Duchess spend the evening on a nearby rooftop and talk, while the kittens listen at a windowsill. The subject of their conversation is the question of whether Duchess can stay and be with Thomas. Reluctantly, Duchess sadly turns him down, largely out of loyalty to Madame Adelaide, pointing out that Madame really does love her and her kittens - some cuts to Madame Adelaide show that she truly is very unhappy without her cats, and feeling very much alone. The listening kittens are disappointed, although they too wish to go home. Edgar, meanwhile, retrieves his sidecar, umbrella, and hat from Napoleon and Layafette with some difficulty. The cats make it back to the mansion, whereupon O'Malley departs sadly after he and Duchess have heartfelt farewell moment. Edgar sees Duchess and Kittens coming and suddenly captures them, places them in a sack and briefly hides them in an oven. The cats tell Roquefort to pursue O'Malley and get help. He does so, whereupon O'Malley races back to the mansion, ordering Roquefort to find Scat Cat and his gang. Edgar places the cats in a trunk which he plans to send to Timbuktu, Africa so they can never come back. O'Malley, Scat Cat and his gang, and Frou-Frou all fight Edgar, while Roquefort frees Duchess and kittens. In the end, Edgar is tipped into the trunk, locked inside, and sent to Timbuktu himself. Madame Adelaide's will is rewritten to exclude Edgar and include O'Malley. She starts a charity foundation providing a home for all of Paris' stray cats. The grand opening thereof, to which most of the major characters come, features Scat Cat's band, who perform a reprise of Ev'rybody Wants to Be a Cat. Production Story development On December 9, 1961, Walt Disney suggested that Harry Tytle and Tom McGowan find some animal stories to adapt as a two-part live-action episode for the Wonderful World of Color television program. By New Year's 1962, McG	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,834	What is the currency of the United Arab Emirates?	AED - Emirati Dirham rates, news, and tools Emirati Dirham History In the early 20th century, the United Arab Emirates began using British Sovereign gold coins and Maria Theresa Thalers; other currencies, such as the Indian Rupee , also circulated within the country. In 1959, they adopted the Persian Gulf Rupee, issued by the central bank of India, at a value equal to the Indian Rupee. The Indian Rupee devaluation of 1966 directly affected the value of the Gulf Rupee, so the UAE responded by introducing its own currency. They adopted the Saudi Riyal as an interim currency and that same year, they replaced it with the Qatar and Dubai Riyal at par. All the emirates - with the exception of Abu Dhabi, which used the Bahrain Dinar - used the Qatar and Dubai Riyal until 1973, when the United Arab Emirates Dirham was established. In 1978, the Dirham adopted a fixed exchange rate to the International Monetary Fund's special drawing rights. It was then re-pegged to the US Dollar in 1997 at a rate of 1 USD to 3.6725 AED. Paste link in email or IM Link Url	Ringgit Is The Best Performing Currency In Asia \| iMoney Written by Iris Lee After months of being in a currency quagmire, due to the 1MDB scandal and also the sliding price of crude oil affecting Asia’s only net oil exporter, the Ringgit has now become the region’s “best performing currency” overnight. However, analyst said it still remains the least attractive. According to Bloomberg News, the Malaysian currency has climbed by 9.7% this quarter, the most in 43 years. This can be due to several factors such as tax increases, spending cuts, oil recovering and the agreement by 1MDB to sell energy assets and to repay RM6 billion in debts in weeks. Earlier forecasts predicted that the Ringgit would weaken by 8.4% this year, the biggest dive in the region, even going beyond the 17-year low in September (RM4.48 to US$1), when the Swiss Attorney-General said that the US$4 billion may be missing from 1MDB. “The Ringgit is going to be one of the out performers in the region in 2016,” said Divya Devesh, the Singapore-based foreign-exchange strategist for Asia at Standard Chartered Plc. “We are looking for a good rebound in oil prices. The market is still short on Ringgit. So, we might see continued covering of positions, which should also be supportive.” Ringgit was forecasted by Macquarie Bank Ltd, the most accurate in Bloomberg’s ranking for last year, to trade at RM3.90 to US$1 by June 30. However, this projection has more to do with the US dollar potential weakening rather than Malaysia’s fundamentals, said Nizam Idris, Macquarie’s Singapore head of foreign exchange and fixed income strategy. The gradual increase in interest rates by the US Federal Reserve has driven emerging market currencies to perform their best in 18 years. The Ringgit reached 3.91 to US$1 on Thursday, the highest in eight months. Even Standard Chartered, the most bullish in the Bloomberg survey of 27 forecasts, has upgraded its estimate of the second quarter made on March 22, from RM4.30 to US$1 to RM4 per US$1. This upgrade was due to the projected Brent crude to reach US$60 per barrel by end of the year, as well as the Federal Reserve keeping its interest rates for the rest of the year. The Royal Bank of Canada was less optimistic in its forecast of RM4.60 to US$1 by June 30, which is even worse than the low reached in September, when the Swiss froze assets linked to 1MDB. The Ringgit’s sustainability relies largely on the rally in oil, gas and petrochemicals, palm oil and electronics, the bulk of shipments abroad, besides concerns on US interest rates and scandals. The country’s exports grew at less than half the 10-year average last year, said Bloomberg News. “Broadly, we feel that oil prices have bottomed and that is the key indicator,” said Mirza Baig, the Singapore-based head of Asia Pacific currency and interest-rate strategy at BNP Paribas SA. He sees the Ringgit continuing to trade around RM4 per US$1. “The other positive factor is the resumption of inflows to emerging markets.” Malaysian exports could be more resilient than we thought initially, said Trang Thuy Le, a Hong Kong-based macro strategist at Credit Suisse Group AG, which raised its three-month Ringgit forecast in March to RM4 per USD1 from 4.30. “I would think a lot of the stability in the political situation has already been priced in.” “Given the dovish tone of the Fed, we think that the dollar will likely continue to drift in the coming months and, because of the energy prices.”	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,835	Who married tennis player John McEnroe in 1986?	SPORTS PEOPLE - McEnroe Marries - NYTimes.com SPORTS PEOPLE; McEnroe Marries Published: August 2, 1986 The tennis star John McEnroe married the actress Tatum O'Neal in a private ceremony yesterday at St. Dominic's Roman Catholic Church in Oyster Bay, L.I. The 27-year-old groom, whose parents live in Oyster Bay Cove, has been living with the actress since 1984, She had a son by him on May 23. Another tennis player, Peter Rennert, was best man. Serving as ushers were Peter Fleming, who teamed with McEnroe to form the world's top doubles team, and McEnroe's brothers, Mark and Patrick. In January, McEnroe began a self-imposed sabbatical that will end next week when he competes in the Volvo International Tournament in Stratton Mountain, Vt. Photo of John McEnroe and Tatum O'Neal leaving church (NYT/Cyrena chang)	John McEnroe - IMDb IMDb Actor \| Soundtrack John McEnroe was born on February 16, 1959 in Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany as John Patrick McEnroe Jr. He is an actor, known for Wimbledon (1937), McEnroe/Borg: Fire & Ice (2011) and The Chair (2002). He has been married to Patty Smyth since May 23, 1997. They have two children. He was previously married to Tatum O'Neal . See full bio » Born:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,836	By the end of the 20th century how many times had Meryl Streep been nominated for an Oscar?	Meryl Streep praises Margaret Thatcher as 'figure of awe' \| Film \| The Guardian Meryl Streep Meryl Streep praises Margaret Thatcher as 'figure of awe' Awarded an Oscar for her portrayal of the former PM in The Iron Lady, actor pays tribute to her 'grit' and model as a female leader, while Arnold Schwarzenegger adds to chorus of praise and Ken Loach calls for her funeral to be privatised 'A pioneer for women in politics' … Margaret Thatcher (Meryl Streep) in The Iron Lady. Photograph: Weinstein/Everett/Rex Tuesday 9 April 2013 05.19 EDT First published on Tuesday 9 April 2013 05.19 EDT Close This article is 3 years old Meryl Streep, who won an Oscar for her portrayal of Margaret Thatcher in the 2011 biopic The Iron Lady , has described the late former prime minister as a "figure of awe" . The actor issued a statement after Thatcher's death at the age of 87 on Monday, which followed a stroke. Streep said her subject had been a pioneer – "willingly or unwillingly" – for the role of women in politics, allowing females from across the globe to dare to dream of leadership. "It is hard to imagine a part of our current history that has not been affected by measures she put forward in the UK at the end of the 20th century," wrote Streep. "To me she was a figure of awe for her personal strength and grit. To have come up, legitimately, through the ranks of the British political system, class-bound and gender-phobic as it was, in the time that she did and the way that she did, was a formidable achievement." The Iron Lady received criticism in some quarters for initially portraying Thatcher in her dotage as a forgetful old woman suffering from dementia. The film, directed by Mamma Mia's Phyllida Lloyd and written by Abi Morgan, then swept through the life of the Grantham grocer's daughter from her early years in politics to her 1980s heyday. The biopic received mixed reviews , but Streep was widely praised for her note-perfect turn as the former prime minister, a performance which saw her win her third Oscar, eighth Golden Globe and second Bafta. Jim Broadbent played Thatcher's husband, Dennis, and Anthony Head played her longest-serving cabinet member (and eventual deputy) Geoffrey Howe. The full text of Streep's statement following Thatcher's death is as follows: Margaret Thatcher was a pioneer, willingly or unwillingly, for the role of women in politics. It is hard to imagine a part of our current history that has not been affected by measures she put forward in the UK at the end of the 20th century. Her hard-nosed fiscal measures took a toll on the poor, and her hands-off approach to financial regulation led to great wealth for others. There is an argument that her steadfast, almost emotional loyalty to the pound sterling has helped the UK weather the storms of European monetary uncertainty. But to me she was a figure of awe for her personal strength and grit. To have come up, legitimately, through the ranks of the British political system, class-bound and gender-phobic as it was, in the time that she did and the way that she did, was a formidable achievement. To have won it, not because she inherited position as the daughter of a great man, or the widow of an important man, but by dint of her own striving. To have withstood the special hatred and ridicule, unprecedented in my opinion, levelled in our time at a public figure who was not a mass murderer; and to have managed to keep her convictions attached to fervent ideals and ideas – wrongheaded or misguided as we might see them now – without corruption – I see that as evidence of some kind of greatness, worthy for the argument of history to settle. To have given women and girls around the world reason to supplant fantasies of being princesses with a different dream: the real-life option of leading their nation; this was groundbreaking and admirable. I was honoured to try to imagine her late life journey, after power; but I have only a glancing understanding of what her many struggles were, and how she managed to sail through to the other side. I wish to convey my respectful con	1998 Academy Awards® Winners and History The Thin Red Line (1998) Actor: ROBERTO BENIGNI in "Life is Beautiful", Tom Hanks in "Saving Private Ryan", Ian McKellen in "Gods and Monsters", Nick Nolte in "Affliction", Edward Norton in "American History X" Actress: GWYNETH PALTROW in "Shakespeare in Love", Cate Blanchett in "Elizabeth", Fernanda Montenegro in "Central Station", Meryl Streep in "One True Thing", Emily Watson in "Hilary and Jackie" Supporting Actor: JAMES COBURN in "Affliction", Robert Duvall in "A Civil Action", Ed Harris in "The Truman Show", Geoffrey Rush in "Shakespeare in Love", Billy Bob Thornton in "A Simple Plan" Supporting Actress: JUDI DENCH in "Shakespeare in Love", Kathy Bates in "Primary Colors", Brenda Blethyn in "Little Voice", Rachel Griffiths in "Hilary and Jackie", Lynn Redgrave in "Gods and Monsters" Director: STEVEN SPIELBERG for "Saving Private Ryan", Roberto Benigni for "Life is Beautiful", John Madden for "Shakespeare in Love", Terrence Malick for "The Thin Red Line", Peter Weir for "The Truman Show" There were two notable firsts for this year's Oscars awards ceremony broadcast on ABC-TV. The 71st annual Academy Awards show was held on March 21, 1999 and hosted by Whoopi Goldberg to honor 1998's films. It marked the first time the ceremony was held on a Sunday, and it was the longest ceremony ever held up to this point, clocking in at 4 hours and 2 minutes. The Best Picture nominees for 1998 included five films with only two major subjects areas or settings: World War II and Elizabethan England. The Best Picture Oscar winner and over-all Oscar champ, in a major darkhorse upset, was the light-hearted, factual and fanciful romantic comedy/costume drama Shakespeare in Love about the struggling, writing-blocked, and romantically-afflicted bard in 16th century London. It told the fanciful background story of how the romantic love story, Romeo and Juliet, was composed, when the the bard was writing an earlier version titled "Romeo and Ethel, the Sea Pirate's Daughter". The film was a hybrid blend, but could be considered the first romantic comedy to win Best Picture since Annie Hall (1977) . [It was the last comedy film, to date, to win Best Picture.] The film had thirteen nominations and seven Oscars (Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Original Screenplay (co-written by Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard), Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Musical or Comedy Score). [It has the most Oscar awards (7) for a film that didn't win Best Director.] Shakespeare in Love gave Britisher John Madden his first Best Director nomination - his previous work consisted of only three little-known feature films, one of which was Mrs. Brown (1997). [Only two other films in Oscar history have had more nominations: Titanic (1997) and All About Eve (1950) - each with 14.] Two of the film's three performance nominations were awarded Oscars - only Geoffrey Rush failed to win his bid. The second runner-up in Oscar awards and nominations was Best Director-winning Steven Spielberg's realistic war epic Saving Private Ryan with eleven nominations and five awards - mostly in technical categories (Best Director, Best Cinematography (Janus	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,837	The International Society of Krishna Consciousness, also known as The Hare Krishna Movement, has its headquarters in which Indian city?	About Us - ISKCON Malaysia About Us About Us Background The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), also known as ‘the Hare Krishna’ movement, was founded in 1966 in New York City by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. While some classified it as a new religious movement, its core philosophy is based on scriptures such as the Bhagavad-Gita and Srimad Bhagavatam, both of which date back more than two millennia. The distinctive appearance of the movement and its culture come from the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition, which has had adherents in India ever since the late 1400s. Early converts to the movement were dated to early 1930s. Non-sectarian in its ideals, ISKCON was formed to spread the practice of ‘Bhakti yoga’ (The Yoga of Devotion); wherein aspirant devotees (Bhaktas) dedicate their thoughts and actions towards pleasing Supreme Lord, Krishna (seen as non-different from God). About ISKCON Malaysia ISKCON Malaysia was established in 1980. Today, there are over 20 registered branches and over 9 active preaching centres nationwide, not including the innumerable number of get-togethers. Most of these centres are managed by congregation devotees who volunteer their time and resources for the service of Lord Krishna. ISKCON worldwide is managed by the Governing Body Commission comprising of more than 30 elected members. They meet once a year in Sri Mayapur Dham, India , the ISKCON headquarters, for the annual meeting. Members of the GBC are in charge of overseeing preaching activities in different parts of the world. They are called Governing Body Commissioners. The Governing Body Commissioners allocate Zonal Secretaries to govern various zones around the world. The Zonal Secretaries for Malaysia are Jayapataka Swami and Bhanu Swami. The Regional Secretary is Simhesvara dasa. ISKCON Malaysia’s President is Bhaktivrajendranandana Swami and the Vice-President is Vrindavana Candra dasa. Each of the branches or centres in Malaysia, is managed by a committee comprising of elected members. The centres are financially self-sufficient and manage their affairs independently. Periodically, all the local leaders convene to discuss matters of individual and collective concern. The total number of congregants nationwide (those who are chanting the Hare Krishna Mahamantra and accept Lord Sri Krishna as Supreme Lord and Srila Prabhupada) is circa 10,000. Activities The core activity is to teach, train and disseminate Vedic culture and philosophy as presented in Bhagavad-gita and Srimad Bhagavatam. This is achieved through various means, such as:- Providing place for worship and learning. Distribution of spiritual books and learning tools. Free food distribution to the needy. Organising Vedic festivals. Spiritual counselling at prison and drug rehabilitation centres. Spiritual counseling for individuals and families. Care for the old. Welfare and charitable activities. SJMKL History The first preaching centre in Kuala Lumpur also known as Sri Jagannatha Mandir, SJMKL, was established in Jalan Anak Gasing, Petaling Jaya in 1981. His Grace Ramasharan prabhu was the first Temple President. In 1984, the centre was relocated to Taman Kanagapuram, Petaling Jaya, and since 1985, we have established our headquarters in Taman Yarl, Off Old Klang Road, Kuala Lumpur. Vrindavan Candra dasa took over the leadership for a brief period. During his time, many life-members were made whose contribution helped the movement financially. Simhesvara dasa was the third temple president and he managed for 13 years. During this time many young men joined as residential devotees or brahmacaris. Preaching expanded throughout the country vigorously. New preaching centres mushroomed from North to South of Malaysia and as well as to Kuching. Since the beginning, Sri Jagannatha Mandir operated from residential premises with limited facilities. Nevertheless that did not hamper the growth of our ISKCON in all sectors – congregation, book distribution, preaching activities, festivals, etc. Uttama Caitanya dasa became the fourth temple president from 2001 u	Rio Rio You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 3 to 24 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,838	What was the name of the ship that picked up over 700 survivors from the Titanic?	Titanic \| National Museum of American History Titanic Titanic Clearing Southampton, SI Negative #34,460 Since the ocean liner Titanic sank on its maiden or first voyage, there are very few original pictures of the ship in existence. Most of the photographs that do exist were taken in the Harland and Wolff Shipyard in Belfast, Ireland, while the ship was under construction. There is one that shows the new ocean liner entering the port of Southampton, England with the help of tugboats, several weeks before the ship was to take on passengers. There are also a few taken of the huge new ship as it cleared that port on its maiden voyage on 10 April 1912 with a full load of passengers. The Smithsonian owns one of the last of these photographs, showing the starboard or right side of the ship against the wharf. The wave at the bow of the vessel indicates that it is already picking up speed, as it readies for the open ocean. Carpathia, the ship that rescued the Titanic survivors Both the British and the Americans held formal inquiries and hearings on the Titanic loss. The investigations revealed that although several vessels heard Titanic's distress call and one was closer even than Carpathia when the call went out, only Carpathia responded in time to rescue survivors. As a result, Carpathia saved more than 700 Titanic passengers. The ships that returned to the area of the wreck site later only found bodies and debris from the Titanic that had floated up from the depths. "Titanic - Introduction" showing 9 items.	Seventies-Related Movies (1980-present) presents Seventies-Related Movies (1980-present) ere's a list of movies released after 1979 that are set in -- or otherwise with a strong connection to -- the 1970s. ALIVE Action/Adventure/Drama, 1993, US, R, * * * Ethan Hawke, Vincent Spano, Josh Hamilton, Bruce Ramsay, John Haymes Newton, David Kriegel, Nando Parrado, Antonio Balbi, Roberto Canessa, Carlitos Paez, Tintin, Gustavo Zerbino. Directed by Frank Marshall. 127 min. Queasy movie about the rugby team that survived 72 days in the Andes Mountains in 1972 when their plane crashed on its way from Uruguay to Chile. A half-good movie encumbered by clunky dialogue (or its delivery) -- but physically impressive beyond the astonishing particulars of its story (which involves cannibalism). Unquestionably the most chilling portrayal of a plane crash in movie history. Scripted by John Patrick Stanley, from the book by Piers Paul Read. John Malkovich appears unbilled. Same story previously filmed as Survive!, a 1976 Mexican-produced movie that was dubbed into English and shown on American TV in 1977. Buy the DVD/Blu-ray/VHS at Amazon.com. ALMOST FAMOUS Comedy/Drama, 2000, US, R, * * * 1/2 Billy Crudup, Frances McDormand, Kate Hudson, Jason Lee, Patrick Fugit, Anna Paquin, Fairuza Balk, Noah Taylor, Zooey Deschanel, Bijou Phillips, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Peter Frampton, Jimmy Fallon. Directed by Cameron Crowe. 122 min. Crowe won an Oscar for writing this appealing autobiographical story about a guileless 15-year-old boy who wants to write about rock music and goes on the road with a band for Rolling Stone magazine in the 1970s. Newcomer Fugit is perfect as the boy, McDormand a delight as his overprotective mother, Hudson adorable as the band follower who wins him over, and Crudup right on target as a charismatic musician. Layered with telling details; this one's from the heart. An alternate version (the so-called "bootleg cut") runs 159 min. Buy the DVD/Blu-ray/VHS at Amazon.com. AMERICAN GANGSTER Drama, 2007, US, R, * * * Denzel Washington, Russell Crowe, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Idris Elba, Ruby Dee, Cuba Gooding, Jr., Josh Brolin, RZA, John Ortiz, John Hawkes, Ted Levine, Yul Vazquez, Armand Assante. Directed by Ridley Scott. 157 min. Two parallel stories begin in the late 1960s. Washington is Frank Lucas, who figures the way to rule Harlem is to import heroin directly from Southeast Asia. But scrupulously honest cop Crowe can't bring down the man who's spreading pure heroin around the streets until he can identify him. Not the visceral gangland movie you might expect, but a methodical saga of two determined men who use their brains -- and know when to bend the rules. Screenplay by Steven Zaillian, based on Mark Jacobson's article "The Return of Superfly." Clarence Williams III appears untitled. Unrated version runs 176 min. Buy the DVD/Blu-ray/VHS at Amazon.com. Drama, 2013, US, R, * * * * Christian Bale, Amy Adams, Bradley Cooper, Jennifer Lawrence, Jeremy Renner. Directed by David O. Russell. 138 min. David O. Russell's gonzo tale of '70s-era tricksters is a swirling amphetamine high of a movie. Brilliant con man Irving Rosenfeld (Christian Bale), who along with his equally cunning and seductive British partner Sydney Prosser (Amy Adams) is forced to work for a wild FBI agent Richie DiMaso (Bradley Cooper). DiMaso pushes them into a world of Jersey powerbrokers and mafia that's as dangerous as it is enchanting. Jeremy Renner is Carmine Polito, the passionate, volatile, New Jersey political operator caught between the con-artists and Feds. Irving's unpredictable wife Rosalyn (Jennifer Lawrence) could be the one to pull the thread that brings the entire world crashing down. Buy the DVD/Blu-ray/VHS at Amazon.com. Comedy/Drama, 1991, US, PG-13, * * 1/2 Michael Landes, Brian Austin Green, Joanna Kerns, Brian Krause. Directed by James Slocum. 100 min. Transplanted midwestern teen Tom (Landes) and his friend Fin (Green) find adventure, danger, and the hottest babes on the beaches of L.A. in a coming-of-age story set in the late '70s and insp	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,839	What is the name of a free improvisatory passage inserted near the end of a composition to create a feeling of suspense before the final cadence?	Notes for the the first half of Unit 1 textbook - Music 10 with David Josephson at Brown University - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. Notes for the the first half of Unit 1 textbook Notes for the the first half of Unit 1 textbook Bryan C. File Size: 12 Views: 48 Related Textbooks: Advertisement Advertisement Instruments (string, woodwind, brass, percussion) Pizzicato- On bowed string instruments it is a method of playing by plucking the strings with the fingers, rather than using the bow. This produces a very different sound from bowing, short and percussive rather than sustained. On a keyboard string instrument, such as the piano, pizzicato may be employed (although rarely seen) as one of the variety of techniques involving direct manipulation of the strings known collectively as "string piano". On the guitar, it is a muted form of plucking, which bears an audible resemblance to pizzicato on a bowed string instrument with its relatively shorter sustain. For details of this technique, see palm mute. Viola - The viola is a bowed string instrument. It is the middle voice of the violin family, between the violin and the cello. The casual observer may mistake the viola for the violin because of their similarity in size, closeness in pitch range (the viola is a perfect fifth below the violin), and nearly identical playing position. However, the viola's timbre sets it apart: its rich, dark-toned sonority is more full-bodied than the violin's. The viola's mellow voice being frequently used for playing inner harmonies, it does not enjoy the wide solo repertoire or fame of the violin. It has a throaty quality in is lowest range range, from middle c down an octive Bass Viol- also called: Bass, string bass and double bass. This deep instrument is used to back up the violin family in the orchestra. However it differs from violins in construction and actually belongs to the viol family Harp- A harp is a stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. As many other non-percussion instruments, it can also be used as a percussion instrument. [2] All harps have a neck, resonator and strings. Some, known as frame harps, also have a forepillar; those lacking the forepillar are referred to as open harps. Depending on its size (which varies considerably), a harp may be played while held in the lap or while stood on the floor. Harp strings can be made of nylon (sometimes wound around copper), gut (more commonly used than nylon), wire, or silk. A person who plays the harp is called a harpist or a harper. Folk and Celtic musicians often use the term "harper," whereas classical/pedal musicians use "harpist." Woodwinds= flute, piccolo, alto flute and bass flute, recorder, Clarinet, Oboe, E flat Clarinet, bsoon, Saxophone Brass= trumpet, French Horne, Trombone, Tuba, Brass Tuba (random ones: fluglhorn, cornet, baritone horne, euphonium, saxhorn, bugle Percussion = Timpani- Timpani (also known commonly as kettledrums or kettle drums) are musical instruments in the percussion family. A type of drum, they consist of a skin called a head stretched over a large bowl traditionally made of copper, and more recently, constructed of more lightweight fiberglass. They are played by striking the head with a specialized drum stick or timpani mallet. Unlike most drums, they are capable of producing an actual pitch when struck, and can be tuned, often with the use of a pedal mechanism to control each drum's range of notes. Timpani evolved from military drums to become a staple of the classical orchestra by the last third of the 18th century. Today, they are used in many types of musical ensembles including concert, marching percussion, and even some rock bands. Glockenspiel Xylophone Marimba Vibraphone Celesta Tubular bells or chimes Unpitched Percussion Cymbals Triangle Tam-tam Snare drum Tenor drum Brass drum Keyboard instrument Piano Harpsicord Clavicord Organ Electronic keyboard instruments Plucked string instrument	4'33" John Cage and 4'33" copyright � 1998, rev 2002 by Larry J Solomon ABSTRACT: The purpose of this essay is to examine the aesthetic behind Cage's "silent" composition, 4'33", to trace its history, and to show that it marked a significant change in John Cage's musical thought -- specifically how it forms a point-of-no-return from the conventional communicative, self-expressive and intentional purpose of music to a radical new aesthetic that informs the field of unintentional sound, interpenetration, chance, and indeterminacy. The compositional process is described, both the writing of 4'33" and its evolution from past thought. Implications for performance are examined, and recommendations are made. Contents translation into Romanian by Alexander Ovsov 1. Brief Description and the Historic First Performance "Good people of Woodstock, let's run these people out of town" (artist at the premiere performance of 4'33") 1. The first performance of John Cage's 4'33" created a scandal. Written in 1952, it is Cage's most notorious composition, his so-called "silent piece". The piece consists of four minutes and thirty-three seconds in which the performer plays nothing. At the premiere some listeners were unaware that they had heard anything at all. It was first performed by the young pianist David Tudor at Woodstock, New York, on August 29, 1952, for an audience supporting the Benefit Artists Welfare Fund -- an audience that supported contemporary art. Tudor placed the hand-written score, which was in conventional notation with blank measures, on the piano and sat motionless as he used a stopwatch to measure the time of each movement. The score indicated three silent movements, each of a different length, but when added together totalled four minutes and thirty-three seconds. Tudor signaled its commencement by lowering the keyboard lid of the piano. The sound of the wind in the trees entered the first movement. After thirty seconds of no action, he raised the lid to signal the end of the first movement. It was then lowered for the second movement, during which raindrops pattered on the roof. The score was in several pages, so he turned the pages as time passed, yet playing nothing at all. The keyboard lid was raised and lowered again for the final movement, during which the audience whispered and muttered. 2 Cage said, "People began whispering to one another, and some people began to walk out. They didn't laugh -- they were just irritated when they realized nothing was going to happen, and they haven't fogotten it 30 years later: they're still angry." 3 Maverick Concert Hall, the site of the first performance, was ideal in allowing the sounds of the environment to enter, because the back of the hall was open to the surrounding forest. When Tudor finished, raising the keyboard lid and himself from the piano, the audience burst into an uproar -- "infuriated and dismayed," according to the reports.4 Even in the midst of an avant garde concert attended by modern artists, 4'33" was considered "going too far"5. Note that 4'33" is incorrectly listed as "4 pieces" on the printed program. It is easy to see how the original list of timings, listed under the heading 4'33", would have been confused by someone who typed the program as being four pieces with their timings as titles. Nevertheless, the timings of the movements are a crucial record. History and Philosophy Before writing 4'33" Cage had written many musical compositions in the 1930s and 1940s. Most of these had evocative, romantic titles, like Amores, Daughters of the Lonesome Isle, and The Perilous Night. Many of these early works were for prepared piano, a Cage invention that made the piano into a kind of miniature gamelan orchestra. He had already become well known as a musical innovator, one on the cutting edge of the American avant garde. Cage was one of the first composers to write electronic music, with his "Imaginary Landscapes". And in 1937 he predicted the future of electronic musi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,840	Who wrote 'Down And Out In Paris And London', and 'The Lion And The Unicorn'?	The Political Ideas of George Orwell \| The Socialist Party of Great Britain The Political Ideas of George Orwell George Orwell George Orwell is the pseudonym of Eric Blair who was born at Mothari, India on 25 June 1903; educated at St Cyprian's preparatory school, Eastbourne where he won a scholarship to Eton and. after completing his education, worked as a policeman in Burma, attaining the rank of sub-divisional officer, a private tutor, school teacher and an assistant in a book shop. He fought against the fascists in Spain in 1935-37, worked for the BBC for a time during the Second World War and for Tribune after the war. From about 1930 he tried to earn his living as a writer, finally achieving outstanding success with his last two novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty Four ( 1949). His last years were dogged by tuberculosis and he died in London on 21 January 1950. Orwell was a fine, though somewhat confused, journalist who became famous for the plain style of writing evident in his essays; his successful attempt to make political writing an art; his famous satires on totalitarianism; his search for objectivity and honesty in journalism depicted most graphically in Homage to Catalonia (1938). Many of Orwell's experiences are captured in his books and essays. Indeed any study of Orwell must keep in mind the fact that there is some fiction in all his autobiography and some autobiography in all of his fiction. Orwell described himself as lower-upper-middle class, failing to realise that there are only two classes: the capitalist class which possesses but does not produce and the working class which produces but does not possess. Nevertheless, the myths that have sprung up about his poverty are incorrect. His father's pension was £438-10/- (£438.50) a year compared with the average annual wage of about £l00 for a skilled manual worker in 1913-14. Some twenty years later Orwell was commissioned by Victor Gollancz to write about conditions in the coal mining areas of the industrial north with an advance of £500 spread over two years – a considerable sum when Orwell himself stated that the miners earned less than £3 a week in 1934 (even allowing for expenses incurred in obtaining material for the book). Although Orwell did not make a great deal of money from his writing until the publication of Animal Farm in 1945, he was able to keep his head above water with a standard of living, although far from luxurious and certainly spartan by today's standards, that would have been the envy of many miners in the 1930s. Throughout his novels, documentaries, essays and journalism Orwell relentlessly and uncompromisingly criticised imperialism, nationalism, capitalism, political dishonesty, power, totalitarianism, privilege and private education. He claimed to be a democratic socialist, joining the Independent Labour Party in June 1938 until after the outbreak of the Second World War, but his confused notions of socialism can be read in The Lion and the Unicorn (1941) in which he states: “In England there is only one Socialist party that has ever seriously mattered, the Labour Party. It has never been able to achieve any major change, because except in purely domestic matters it has never possessed a genuinely independent policy. It was and is primarily a party of the trade unions, devoted to raising wages and improving working conditions. This meant that all through the critical years it was directly interested in the prosperity of British capitalism.” Thus Orwell describes the Labour Party as “socialist” and continues in the same paragraph to describe, quite accurately, why it is not and cannot be socialist. He also suggested that there should be “Limitation of incomes, on such a scale that the highest tax-free income in Britain does not exceed the lowest by more than ten to one", which even the majority of Conservatives would recognise as unsocialist. He also described Russia as "the only definitely socialist country”, although it is true he had many harsh things to say concerning the perversion of socialism in Russia in man	The Parisian Girl The Parisian Girl Yves Saint Lauren Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent, known as Yves Saint Laurent (August 1, 1936 – June 1, 2008), was an Algerian-born French fashion designer who was considered one of the greatest figures in French fashion in the 20th century. In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, "The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture's rise from its sixties ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable". Yves Mathieu-Saint-Laurent was born in Oran, Algeria, which at the time was a French colony. According to Alice Rawsthorn, his family was among the most prominent in Oran. His father, Charles, a descendant of Baron Mathieu de Mauvières (who officiated at the wedding of Napoleon Bonaparte and Josephine de Beauharnais), was the president of an insurance company and the owner of a chain of movie theatres. His mother, Lucienne-Andrée (née Wilbaux), the daughter of a Belgian engineer and his Spanish wife, passed her sense of fashion and style on to her son. Yves was the oldest child, born just over a year after his parents' marriage; two daughters, Michèle and Brigitte, followed. Unlike most French children, Yves and his sisters were not directly affected by World War II, as their father was not called up and Algeria was far enough away from France that it was spared the worst of its defeat and occupation. Yves was severely bullied while at school; he once told a reporter, "Whenever they picked on me, I'd say to myself, 'One day you'll be famous'. That was my way of getting back at them." He found a refuge at home, where his parents allowed him to use an empty room to act out performances of plays by Molière and Giraudoux for his family. He eagerly devoured the theatre reviews in the French magazine Vogue, and became fascinated not just by the descriptions of the plays but also by the descriptions of the costumes. This led him to study the fashion sections of Vogue as well, and soon he was as interested in fashion design as he was in the theatre. In 1950, Yves submitted three sketches to a contest for young fashion designers organized by the International Wool Secretariat. He won third prize and was invited to attend the awards ceremony in Paris in December of that year. While he and his mother were in Paris, they met Michel de Brunhoff, editor-in-chief of the Paris edition of Vogue. de Brunhoff, a kindly man who enjoyed encouraging new talent, was impressed by the sketches Yves brought with him and suggested he eventually consider a course of study at the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture, the council which regulated the haute couture industry and provided training to its employees. Yves followed his advice and, leaving Oran for Paris after graduation, began his studies at the Chambre Syndicale, but he found the syllabus frustrating and left after a few months. Later that same year, Yves entered the International Wool Secretariat competition again and won, beating out his friend Fernando Sanchez and a young German student named Karl Lagerfeld. Shortly after his win, he brought a number of sketches to de Brunhoff who recognized in them close similarities to sketches he had been shown that morning by Christian Dior, a leading haute couturier. Knowing that Dior had created the sketches that morning and that the young man could not have seen them, de Brunhoff sent him to Dior, who hired him on the spot. Although Dior recognized his talent immediately, Yves spent his first year at the House of Dior on mundane tasks, such as decorating the studio and designing accessories. Eventually, however, he was allowed to submit sketches for the couture collection; with every passing season, more of his sketches were accepted by Dior. In August 1957, Dior met with Yves's mother to tell her that he had chosen Yves to succeed him as designer. His mother later said that she had been confused by the remark, as Dior was only 52 years old at the time. Both she and her son were surprised wh	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,841	What day of the week was the Wall Street Crash?	The Wall Street Crash, 1929 The Wall Street Crash, 1929 Printer Friendly Version >>> The "Roaring 20s" that followed the end of World War I was a period of prosperity for most Americans. As the economy grew, stock prices soared. By the end of the decade, as many as 25 million Americans had placed money in the stock market in order to share in the wealth. The best part of the process was that you didn't need a lot of cash to join the party. You could buy your stock on margin. That is, borrow the money for your stock purchase using the value of the stock itself as collateral. It is estimated that by 1929, the total amount of debt amassed by the practice had reached six billion dollars. It was a house of cards that remained erect as long as stocks continued to increase in value. However, if stock prices plummeted, the whole rickety structure could collapse. Variety's headline after the Crash The tremors that would eventually destroy this flimsy economic edifice made their first rumblings in September 1929. The market dropped sharply at the beginning of the month but rose again only to drop and rise again. The rollercoaster ride continued in October as the beginning of the month saw another drop followed by another burst of strength. Then came Black Thursday � October 24 � when a drop in stock prices triggered a burst of panic-selling so frantic that it overwhelmed the Stock Exchange's ability to keep track of the transactions. Wall Street financers were able to reverse the downward plunge only by buying as many shares of stock as they could over the next two days. It was a temporary victory. Monday's opening bell unleashed a frenzy of selling that soon turned into an uncontrolled panic that continued for the rest of the trading day. The following day � Black Tuesday, October 29 � saw the previous day's panic turn into bedlam on the trading floor. According to one observer, traders "hollered and screamed, they clawed at one another's collars. It was like a bunch of crazy men. Every once in a while, when Radio or Steel or Auburn would take another tumble, you'd see some poor devil collapse and fall to the floor." This was the Crash, although few could see it at the time. The Market continued its decline but never as dramatic. Thirty billion dollars had been lost - more than twice the national debt. The nation reeled, and slipped into the depths of the Great Depression. "This was real panic." Jonathan Leonard was a reporter who was on the scene as Wall Street tumbled. We join his story following "Black Thursday." "That Saturday and Sunday Wall Street hummed with week-day activity. The great buildings were ablaze with lights all night as sleepy clerks fought desperately to get the accounts in shape for the Monday opening. Horrified brokers watched the selling orders accumulate. It wasn't a flood; it was a deluge. Everybody wanted to sell-the man with five shares and the man with ten thousand. Evidently the week-end cheer barrage had not hit its mark. ADVERTISMENT Monday was a rout for the banking pool, which was still supposed to be 'on guard.' If it did any net buying at all, which is doubtful, the market paid little attention. Leading stocks broke through the support levels as soon as trading started and kept sinking all day. Periodically the news would circulate that the banks were about to turn the tide as they had done on Thursday, but it didn't happen. A certain cynicism developed in the board rooms as the day wore on. Obviously the big financial interests had abandoned the market to its fate, probably intending to pick up the fragments cheap when the wreck hit the final bottom. 'Very well,' said the little man, 'I shall do the same.' When the market finally closed, 9,212,800 shares had been sold. The Times index of 25 industrials fell from 367.42 to 318.29. The whole list showed alarming losses, and margin calls were on their way to those speculators who had not already sold out. That night Wall Street was lit up like a Christmas tree. Restaurants, barber shops, and speakeasies were open and doing a roaring bus	"Masterminds" - Manchester Evening News, November 7, 2015 \| Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt 1. Playboy Russia covergirl Maria Kozhevnikova, boxer Nikolai Valuyev, and tennis player Marat Safin shared which honour in December 2011? 2. What William S Burroughs 1961 book popularised the rock music term 'heavy metal', and provided the names for at least two rock bands of the 1970s? 3. What main religion celebrates festivals including Nuakhai, Yatra (or Zatra/Jatra), Pongal, Holi and Shigmo? 4. Which country experienced the Velvet Revolution in Nov-Dec 1989? 5. According to the UK General Teaching Council how many of the 28,000 newly qualified teachers in 2010 had a computerrelated degree: 3; 30; 300 or 3,000? 6. Spell the word: Remanisence; Reminissense; Remeniscence; or Reminiscence? 7. What ancient Sanskrit word loosely meaning 'region' commonly now refers to people (and culture, products, etc) of Indian sub-continent origins? 8. Whom did Forbes Magazine list as the most powerful woman in the Southern Hemisphere in 2011? 9. Unrelated, what is a set of slats and a museum? 10. What ship, whose name means thunderbolt, was Nelson's flagship 1799-1801, and later a training ship for boys? 26 11. The Showa period of Japan coincided with what Emperor's reign? 12. Michael Morpurgo, author of the children's book War Horse, on In state Luther which the 2012 Spielberg film (of the same name) is based, held what UK position from 2003-5? 13. What fashionable Mediterranean resort hosted the G20 international economics conference at the height of the Greek Euro membership crisis? 27 14. How many cubic metres is the space in a room four metres square and three metres high? 15. Which politician bowled faster than Dennis Lillee and Andy Roberts? 16. What element is also known as hydrargyrum? David shows around 17. Whose father wrote and sang the popular Secret Lemonade Drinker song in the award-winning British 1970s-80s R Whites Lemonade TV advert ? … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details Newspapers Encyclopedia Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,842	Which opticians, known in short as 'D&A', merged with Boots in 2009?	Dollond & Aitchison disappers from the high street with Boots Opticians merger - Telegraph Retail and Consumer Dollond & Aitchison disappers from the high street with Boots Opticians merger The Dollond & Aitchison name will disappear from the high street after more than 250 years with the optician chain agreeing to merge with rival Boots Opticians. By Jonathan Sibun 6:09PM GMT 29 Jan 2009 Alliance Boots and De Rigo, the European eyeware group that owns Dollond & Atchison (D&A), have agreed to combine the two businesses under the Boots Opticians name. Alliance Boots, owned by US private equity group KKR, will take a majority stake in the new company. The financial details of the deal – such as whether it involves any cash payment or the size of the stake retained by De Rigo – remain unclear. Sources close to Boots said De Rigo's stake was "substantial". The merger will create a chain with 690 shops across the UK and annual sales of £350m. The catalyst for the merger is unclear but one leading industry source suggested it would "not be unrelated to the recession", adding: "Economic challenges have probably brought the situation to a head more rapidly." Stefano Pessina, executive chairman at Alliance Boots, said: "Our plan is to grow and develop the new business, building on the strengths of the Boots brand." Between them the two chains employ 5,000 staff. While sources close to Boots suggested the overlap between the companies' stores was minimal and therefore that job cuts would be limited, the industry source disputed that claim. "Anyone with an A-Z of the UK would dispute that the overlap is minimal. It is significant," he said. "The overlap is a mathematical fact." Initial job cuts look likely to fall at D&A's Birmingham base with the new company set to be headquartered in Boots' base in Nottingham. The deal is subject to anti-trust clearance. It is not clear whether Boots and De Rigo could be forced to offload stores to secure approval. D&A was founded in 1750 when James Dollond set up shop in London. It now operates more than 400 stores across the UK.	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 8th December The Questions Macclesfield Pub Quiz League Set by the Harrington Academicals vetted by the Dolphin Art and Entertainment – All Creatures Great and Small Dumb Britain History – A Hard Act To Follow Sport Vetted by: The Dolphin Arts and Entertainment – All Creatures Great and Small All of the answers contain the name of an animal – we just need to know that animal. 1 What is the alternative title of Wimoweh, a hit for the Karl Denver Trio in 1961 and Tight Fit in 1982. The song has been recorded (too) many times before and since The Lion sleeps tonight 2 This piece of music by Ralph Vaughn Williams was inspired by a poem by George Meredith The Lark Ascending This Janáček opera, based on a folk tale, was first performed in 1924 Cunning little vixen This rather nasty Ian Banks novel was his first to be published, in 1984 The Wasp factory An appalling song by Tom Jones, taken from the 1965 film of the same name What’s new pussycat This 1969 Hollywood film about dance marathons starred Jane Fonda They shoot horses, don’t they This Henry Williamson novel was made into a film in 1979 Tarka the Otter 8 This Mark Haddon novel was adapted for stage and is currently playing at the National Theatre The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time This Puccini opera was set in Japan Madame Butterfly This scatological track by the Macc Lads referred to a journey up the A537 No sheep ‘til Buxton Dumb Britain These questions have all been answered in UK quiz shows, and reported in Private Eye. Give either the correct answer to the question or the actual answer given by the contestant, shown in brackets. 1 At the battle of Trafalgar, what was Nelson‘s flagship? Victory Which company, founded in 1841 operated the first ever package tours? Thomas Cook What is the only Commonwealth country whose official language is Portuguese? Mozambique What was the reigning royal house at the start of the 20th century? Saxe Coburg Gotha Artist Ben Nicholson married which sculptress in 1938? Barbara Hepworth 6 What was the surname of the French revolutionary with Christian names Jean Paul who was assassinated in his bath? Marat Who composed Aida and La Traviata? Verdi Which ballroom dance represents the letter F in the Nato phonetic alphabet? Foxtrot What is the name of the herb that means wise or clever? Sage S2 Which American folk hero rode from Boston to Lexington in April 1775 to warn of British troop movements? Paul Revere Soda, lime and which other ingredient make glass? Silica (accept sand) Common, water and pygmy are which kinds of British mammal? Shrew 3 Which subatomic particle has a name first used by James Joyce in the novel Finnegans Wake? Quark 4 The existence of which particle, also known as the God Particle, was recently confirmed in a Large Hadron Collider experiment? Higgs boson For which kind of activity is a bathyscaphe used? Underwater exploration In cell biology, for what does the R in RNA stand? Ribo( nucleic Acid) 7 What is the molecule, used in AirWick as a deodorant, that is at the heart of plant photosynthesis? What is the branch of mathematics that deals with angles and lengths of a triangle? Trigonometry How many walking legs has a lobster? 10 What is the tallest grass? Bamboo History : A Hard Act To Follow. Who directly preceded the following in office? Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, 1812 (Name required, not just “The 1st Earl” !) Spencer Percival 1 Sam Burgess has recently returned to Rugby League with which club?(subject to resolving a salary cap issue) South Sydney Rabbitohs 2 Four British boxers held versions of the World Heavyweight Title in the 90’s. Lennox Lewis and Frank Bruno were two, name either of the others. Herbie Hide and Henry Akinwande 3 In which sport has Brit Jonathan Marray been a champion? Tennis. He won the Wimbledon Men’s Doubles in 2012 together with the Dane Frederik Nielsen 4 13 years after originally closing due to financial problems, which Manchester sport	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,843	How many tiles are at there in a Double-12 set of dominoes?	Double-12 Dominoes - Standard Set Double-12 Dominoes The tiles in a standard set of Double-12 Dominoes Double-12 Dominoes. Andrew Unangst / Getty Images Share By Erik Arneson Here's a list of the 91 tiles (with a total of 1,092 pips) included in a set of Double-12 Dominoes: blank-blank	Sports Sports With which sport would you most associate the commentator Ted Lowe? The 'Green Jacket' is presented to the winner of which sporting event? From what bridge does the Oxford/Cambridge boat race start? In which Olympics did Steve Redgrave win his first Olympic gold medal? In what sport do players take long and short corners? By what name is Edson Arantes do Nascimento better known? For half a mark each, give the nationality and the team (2003) of Fernando Alonso, the youngest-ever grand prix winner? What is the 'perfect score' in a game of Ten Pin Bowling? Which current premier league football team had an obsolete nickname of the Glaziers? What is the name of the new Leicester Football club stadium? What is the highest-achieveable break in snooker?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,844	Who wrote the play 'Private Lives'?	"Private Lives": Themes and Characters Finale of "Private Lives" by Noel Coward Themes and Characters Plays/Drama Expert By Wade Bradford The following plot summary covers the events during the last part of Act Three of Noel Coward's comedy, Private Lives. The play, written in 1930, details the humorous encounter between two ex-spouses who decide to run away together and give their relationship another shot, much to the shock of the newlyweds they leave behind. Read the plot summary of Act One and Act Two. Act Three Continues: Outraged by Elyot's insults at Amanda, Victor challenges Elyot to a fight. Amanda and Sybil leave the room, and Elyot decides not to fight because it's what the women want. Victor plans to divorce Amanda, and he expects that Elyot will remarry her. But Elyot claims that he has no intention of marriage and he sulks back into the bedroom, and is soon followed by the eager-to-please Sybil. Alone with Amanda, Victor asks what he should do now. She suggests that he divorce her. For her sake (and perhaps to spare his own dignity) he offers to stay married (in name only) for a year and then divorce. continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States Sybil and Elyot return from the bedroom, pleased with their new found arrangement. They also plan to divorce in one year's time. Now that they know their plans, this seems to ease the tension between them, and they decide to sit down for coffee. Elyot tries to converse with Amanda, but she ignores him. She won't even serve him coffee. During the conversation, Sybil begins to tease Victor about his serious nature, and when he becomes defensive , criticizing her in return, their argument escalates. In fact, Victor and Sybil's heated bickering seems very similar to the antics of Elyot and Amanda. The older couple notices this, and they quietly decide to leave together, allowing the blossoming love/hate romance of Victor and Sybil to develop unabated. The play does not end with Victor and Sybil kissing (as I had guessed it would when I first read Act One). Instead, it ends with shouting and fighting, as the grinning Elyot and Amanda shut the door behind them. Domestic Violence in "Private Lives": Back in the 1930s, it may have been common in romantic stories for women being violently grabbed and tossed around. (Think of the famous scene in Gone with the Wind in which Scarlet fights Rhett as he takes her upstairs to the bedroom, against her will.) Noel Coward was not trying to endorse domestic violence, but it's hard not to read the script of Private Lives without applying our 21st Century views regarding spousal abuse. How hard does Amanda strike Elyot with the gramophone record? How much strength does Elyot use to slap Amanda's face? How violent is their ensuing struggle. These actions can be played for slapstick (Three Stooges), dark comedy (War of the Roses), or - if the director so chooses - this is where things can suddenly become quite serious. Most productions (both modern and from the 20th century) keep the physical aspects of the play light-hearted. However, in Amanda's own words she feels that it is "beyond a pale" to strike a woman (though it should be noted that in Act Two she is the first to use violence; therefore she seems to think it fine for men to be victims). Her words during that scene, as well other during other moments in Act One when she recounts her tumultuous first marriage, reveal that, despite Amanda's infatuation with Elyot, she is unwilling to be submissive; she will fight back. Biography of Noel Coward: Born in 1899, Noel Coward led a fascinating and surprisingly adventurous life. He acted, directed, and wrote plays. He was also a movie producer and a song-writer. He began his theatrical career at a very young age. In fact, he played one of the Lost Boys in the 1913 production of Peter Pan. He was also drawn into lascivious circles. At the age of fourteen he was lured into a relationship by Philip Streatfield, a man twenty years his elder. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s Noel Coward's plays became smashing succe	Chicago Shakespeare Theater: The Taming of the Shrew adapted and directed by Rachel Rockwell A Look Back at The Taming of the Shrew in Performance Though readers and scholars never lost sight of Shakespeare's text since it was first published in the first Folio in 1623 (at least 30 years after it was first seen on stage), the stage history of The Taming of the Shrew has been less faithful to Shakespeare's text. Shakespeare's play was popular at least into the 1630s when it was printed again as a separate "quarto"—the equivalent to our paperback books. John Fletcher, Shakespeare's successor as the resident playwright for the King's Men, offered a sequel to Shrew that he called The Woman's Prize or the Tamer Tamed, in which Petruchio suffers "taming" by his second wife, Maria, who uses sexual denial to challenge his views of marriage. Between 1663 when Shakespeare's version of The Taming of the Shrew last appeared on London's stage as an "old revival," and 1844, when it was finally restaged in its original, Shakespeare's text disappeared in performance for 181 years. Its story, however, remained popular and was borrowed and adapted frequently by other playwrights. In 1663, following the reopening of London's theaters—and a failed revival of A Midsummer Night's Dream—the King's Company made a final attempt to produce a Shakespearean comedy, using an adaptation of Shrew written by an actor named John Lacy. Renamed Sauny the Scot and set in London, this adaptation excluded the Christopher Sly Induction, and portrayed Grumio as a stereotypical Restoration Scotsman. Fifty-three years later in 1716, Charles Johnson produced a farcical version, The Cobbler of Preston, in which Christopher Sly would become the hero of this tale. David Garrick, the famous actor and director of London's Drury Lane, returned to an abbreviated version of Shakespeare in his Catherine and Petruchio, first produced in 1754. Garrick's play, which eliminated Christopher Sly, Bianca, and her suitors completely, remained popular for more than a century, serving as a "star piece" for famous lead actors. An opera written in 1828 was based on Garrick's rendition of the story, not Shakespeare's—by then long silenced. It was not until Benjamin Webster revived Shakespeare's text in 1844 that The Taming of the Shrew reclaimed its place in live performance—but still it competed against Garrick's adaptation for the next 40 years. Shrew was considered the Birmingham Repertory Theatre's most successful experiment in presenting Shakespeare in modern dress. In addition to the modern costumes, the 1928 production featured press photographers and a movie camera in the wedding scene, and a young Laurence Olivier in a small role. Here in the United States, the play has evolved its own unique history. Shrew was the first Shakespearean film with sound to be made in America. It starred Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford—the leading couple in 1929. In 1930 the famous husband-wife acting duo, Alfred Lunt and Lynne Fontanne, toured The Taming of the Shrew throughout the United States. The production included a clown band, dwarves and acrobatics. It is commonly held stagelore that the offstage relationship of the couple, as witnessed by stagehand-turned-producer Saint Subber, was the inspiration for the Cole Porter musical Kiss Me, Kate. Shakespeare's text takes a backseat in the musical adaptation in which a divorced couple, cast as Kate and Petruchio, push each other's buttons throughout the rehearsals for a play. In the twentieth century, The Taming of the Shrew proved as popular as it was controversial. Franco Zeffirelli created his famous version for the screen in 1967, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton. Like Pickford and Fairbanks before them, Taylor Kathryn Grayson and Howard Keel in the 1953 movie, Kiss Me, Kate and Burton were the most famous Hollywood couple of the mid- Sixties; their tumultuous off-screen relationship brought new levels of ferocity to their on-screen battles. This work, like Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet, is characterized by the relatio	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,845	In 1980 Lech Walesa co-founded what trade union in Poland?	Poland: Solidarity -- The Trade Union That Changed The World Poland: Solidarity -- The Trade Union That Changed The World August 24, 2005 Lech Walesa (left) with former Solidarity activist Bogdan Lis Share Print The strike that changed the world began around dawn on 14 August 1980. Some 17,000 workers seized control of the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk to protest, among other things, a recent rise in food prices. Their leader, Lech Walesa, had narrowly avoided arrest by secret police that morning, and had managed to scale the shipyard gate and join the workers inside. Soon, workers in 20 other area factories joined the strike in solidarity. Seventeen days later, after negotiations with Poland's Communist government, the burly, mustachioed Walesa appeared before the workers in the shipyard with an historic message: "We have an independent, self-governing trade union! [crowd cheers] We have the right to strike!" Walesa and Poland's first deputy prime minister, Mieczyslaw Jagielski, had signed a deal granting the workers their main demands: the right to organize freely and to strike. Those were rights accorded under conventions by the International Labor Organization, of which Poland was a signatory. But this was the first time that any Communist government had put them into practice. Solidarity's underground efforts were also greatly aided by financial help from American trade unions, as well as moral support from Pope John Paul II. The workers had other demands, such as better wages and benefits, posted in a list of "21 postulates" on the shipyard door. But none was as crucial as the right to organize and strike. Radek Sikorski, a former deputy foreign and defense minister of postcommunist Poland, was a high school student at the time of the Gdansk accord. He recalled the famous day in an interview with RFE/RL. "[There was] tremendous hope and a kind of electricity between people. You know, it's said that we Poles become a nation once a generation, just like we did recently when the pope died, and that was one of those moments when, suddenly, millions of people felt that they wanted the same thing, which was free trade unions to represent them against the [Communist] Party. It gave people hope that perhaps communism could be reformed. We now know that it couldn't," Sikorski said. In September 1980, the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union Solidarity -- or NSZZ Solidarnosc -- was officially formed. Over the next 15 months, the union's membership grew from 1 million to 9 million people -- a quarter of the country's population. But across the Russian border, Poland's Soviet masters were growing increasingly alarmed. And in early December 1981, the Warsaw Pact issued a statement at a summit in Moscow stating "fraternal solidarity and support" with Poland's communist leaders in overcoming what it called the country's "present difficulties." Days later, on 13 December, General Wojciech Jaruzelski, the Polish prime minister, declared martial law and outlawed Solidarity. The military, in a plan hatched over the previous months, arrested most of Solidarity's leaders, including Walesa. Walesa would spend nearly a year in jail. And for the next seven years, he would be under constant watch and harassment by secret police. When he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, he sent his wife to collect the award in Oslo, fearing he would not be let back into the communist country. In the long, dark period leading up to the radical changes of 1989, Solidarity worked in the underground. But, as Sikorski recalls, it never wavered from one its key principles -- nonviolence. "It was a peaceful movement which actually realized all its objectives and more. So I think the path of nonviolence is certainly an important Solidarity legacy. And if you look at what happened in other countries -- in the Czech Republic, and more recently in Serbia or in Ukraine -- that message has been successfully imitated," Sikorski said. Solidarity's underground efforts were also greatly aided by financial help from American trade unions, as well as moral support from Pope Jo	Solidarity Gdansk Poland 57 The Story of the Solidarity Movement Established in September of 1980 at the Gdansk shipyards , Solidarity was an independent labour union instrumental in the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union, and the primary catalyst that would transform Poland from a repressive communist satellite to the EU member democracy it is today. The Solidarity movement received international attention, spreading anti-communist ideas and inspiring political action throughout the rest of the Communist Bloc, and its influence in the eventual fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe cannot be understated or dismissed. Solidarity's cohesion and initial success, like that of other dissident movements, was not created overnight, nor the result of any specific event or grievance. Rather, the emergence of Solidarity as a political force in Poland was spurred by governmental and economic difficulties that had continued to deepen over the course of an entire decade. Poland's 'shortage economy' put stress on the lives of everyday people who were unable to purchase daily necessities, such as bread or toilet paper, and faced endless queues for which there was rarely a reward. In July of 1980, the Polish government - facing economic crisis - was again forced to raise the price of goods while curbing the growth of wages. This was essentially the "last straw" for much of Poland's labour force, with strikes spreading almost at once across the country, in spite of the absence of any organized network. In Gdansk, at the then 'Lenin Shipyards', the shipyard workers were unified by the additional outrage of Anna Walentynowicz's firing. The dismissal of Walentynowicz - a popular crane-operator and activist, combined with the previous firing of Lech Walesa - an outspoken electrician, galvanised the workers into taking action. A strike began on August 14th, led by Walesa, who gave voice to the workers' demands for the legalisation of independent labour unions, the raising of a monument to the 80 workers brutally murdered in a 1970 labour dispute in Gdansk, and the rehiring of both Walesa and Walentynowicz. Despite nation-wide censorship and the severance of all phone connections between Gdansk and the rest of the country, several underground presses succeeded in covering the story and spreading the shipyard workers' message throughout Poland and the Eastern Bloc. On August 16th, several other strike committees joined the Gdansk shipyard workers and the following day 21 demands of the unified strike committee were put forward. These demands went far beyond the scope of local concern, calling for the legal formation of independent trade unions, an end to media censorship, the right to strike, new rights for the Church, the freeing of political prisoners, and improvements in the national health system. The movement's news-sheet, Solidarnosc, began being printed on the shipyard printing press at a run of 30,000 copies. On August 18th, the Szczecin shipyard joined the Gdansk shipyard in protest, igniting a wave of strikes along the Polish coast. Within days, most of Poland was affected by factory shutdowns, with more and more unions forming and joining the Gdansk-based federation on a daily basis. With the situation in Gdansk gaining international support and media coverage, the Gdansk shipyard workers were able to hold out longer than many of their compatriots. Poland's Soviet government capitulated, sending a Governmental Commission to Gdansk, which on September 3rd signed an agreement ratifying many of the workers' demands. This agreement, known as the Gdansk Agreement, became recognised as the first step in dismantling Soviet power. Achieving the right to form labour unions independent of Communist Party control, and the right to strike, workers' concerns would now receive representation; common people were now able to introduce democratic changes into the communist political structure. With an upsurge of momentum in the wake of their success, workers' representatives - with Walesa on the pulpit - formed a national labour union on	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,846	How wide, in metres, is an Olympic swimming pool?	Volume of a Swimming Pool - The Physics Factbook Volume of a Swimming Pool Standardized Result AM-02: School Swimming Pools Guidelines for Operators . The State of Queensland (Department of Education and the Arts). 2002. "Example 1: Pool Dimensions: Length 25 metres Width 10 metres Depth 1 metres to 2 metres (average 1.5 metres) Volume = 25 × 10 x 1.5 = 375 cubic metres One cubic metre is equal to 1000 litres therefore the volume of the example above is 375 000 litres." 375,000 liters Recreonics Inc. Calculating Swimming Pool Water Volume . 2005. "Example: The water volume of a pool 60 ft. long, 30 ft. wide and that slopes in depth from 3 ft. to 10 ft. is as follows: 30 x 60 x ((10 + 3)/2) = 11,700 cubic ft. of water 11,700 x 7.5 = 87,750 gallons." 332,170 liters Decatur/Morgan County Convention & Visitors Bureau. Point Mallard Park Fact Sheet . 2005. "Wave Pool Capacity: 300 persons. Wave Pool Volume: 450,000 gallons …. Olympic Pool Capacity: 250 persons. Olympic Pool Volume: 648,000 gallons …. Duck Pond Volume: 26,000 gallons." 1,703,435 liters Cooke Associates. Sportscience and Engineering in Education . 2005. "Mathematics: Pool volume. One Olympic pool design is 25 metres wide and 50 metres long. The pool is 3 metres deep at the starting end of the pool and slopes down (linearly) to 2 metres deep at the far end of the pool. How many litres of water are needed to fill this pool?." 3,125,001 liters "An Olympic Pool must be 25 m wide with a depth of 2.0 m (min) at all parts of the course and must be 50 m in length." 2,500,000 liters Ever wonder how much water it takes to fill up an entire swimming pool? I know I did. That's why I did some research to come up with that information and now I am sharing that information with you. The volume of a swimming pool is quite simple to determine. Every pool has certain measurable factors; however, these factors differ depending on the shape of the pool. The most common and most basic is the rectangular swimming pool. To determine the volume of rectangular pools, multiply the length of the pool by its width and by its average depth. For a circular pool, multiply the squared radius of the pool by π (pi) and by its average depth. For an elliptical pool, multiply π/4 by the major diameter, minor diameter, and average depth. For irregular shapes, calculating the volume is less accurate. You will need to determine of volume of a normal shape within the given area and then approximate the volume of the remaining parts of the pool. Volume of a swimming pool is given in units of cubic meters, liters, or gallons. Jeffrey Gilbert -- 2005	Index-a This Week's Puzzles So You Think You Know Soccer A soccer goal is what dimensions, yards wide and feet high: 8x7; 7x8; 8x8 or 9x8? According to FIFA World Cup rules which flag must be displayed inside each match stadium besides those of FIFA/Fair Play, and the two competing nations? Approximately how many million people play regular organized football in the world (at the early 2000s): 5; 25; 65; or 250? The word soccer derives from: Sock; Association; Kosher; or Socrates? What is not required by the rules of soccer: Goal net; Penalty spot; Specified ball pressure; or Shin guards? The 2014 World Cup Finals allocated European and African teams respectively how many places: 3 and 9; 4 and 10; 5 and 13; or 6 and 15? What city/club football rules, which spread widely in the late 1800s, introduced heading, corners, throw-ins, changing ends, and the goal crossbar: Sheffield; Paris; Milan; or Berlin? FIFA's 2014 World Cup Finals/Qualifying rules dictate a match squad of how many players: 18; 23; 26; or 30? In the 2010 World Cup Final, Jo'bulani was the: Winner's national anthem; Winning goalscorer; Ball; or Trumpet-like horn blown by fans? The minimum rest-period between two games for any team at the 2014 World Cup is how many hours: 24; 36; 48; or 72? Soccer rules award what after an 'own goal' directly from a throw-in: Goal; Penalty; Corner; or Drop-ball? The headquarters of FIFA are in Brussels; London; Zurich, or Oslo? Who has made the World Cup footballs since 1970: Adidas; Puma; Umbro; or Nike? The World Cup Qualifiying matches between El Salvador v Honduras in 1969 coincided with what mutual event: Independence; Earthquake; Drought; or War? The first ever ï¿½100,000 (or above) football transfer, in 1961, was: Bobby Moore; Pele; Dennis Law; or Eusebio? A white ball was first used in a World Cup in: 1930; 1950; 1966; or 1982? The centre circle of a soccer pitch is used only at kick-offs/re-starts, and in which other game feature? Matthias Sammer, Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane, Rivaldo, and Luis Figo won what between 1990-2002: European Cup; World Cup; Golden Boot; or European Footballer of the Year? The first, second and third placed teams at the 2014 World Cup receive how many medals: 20; 30; 40 or 50? Soccer has been an Olympic event since: 1900; 1964; 1992; or 2002? PAGE 6	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,847	What personality disorder is characterized by destructive excitement seeking and a lack of empathy?	Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms \| Psych Central Home » Disorders » Personality » Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms By Steve Bressert, Ph.D. ~ 4 min read Antisocial personality disorder is a disorder that is characterized by a long-standing pattern of disregard for other people’s rights, often crossing the line and violating those rights. A person with antisocial personality disorder (APD) often feels little or no empathy toward other people, and doesn’t see the problem in bending or breaking the law for their own needs or wants. The disorder usually begins in childhood or as a teen and continues into a person’s adult life. Antisocial personality disorder is often referred to as psychopathy or sociopathy in popular culture. However, neither psychopathy nor sociopathy are recognized professional labels used for diagnosis. Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder frequently lack empathy and tend to be callous, cynical, and contemptuous of the feelings, rights, and sufferings of others. They may have an inflated and arrogant self-appraisal (e.g., feel that ordinary work is beneath them or lack a realistic concern about their current problems or their future) and may be excessively opinionated, self-assured, or cocky. They may display a glib, superficial charm and can be quite voluble and verbally facile (e.g., using technical terms or jargon that might impress someone who is unfamiliar with the topic). Lack of empathy, inflated self-appraisal, and superficial charm are features that have been commonly included in traditional conceptions of psychopathy and may be particularly distinguishing of Antisocial Personality Disorder in prison or forensic settings where criminal, delinquent, or aggressive acts are likely to be nonspecific. These individuals may also be irresponsible and exploitative in their sexual relationships. A personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from the norm of the individual’s culture. The pattern is seen in two or more of the following areas: cognition; affect; interpersonal functioning; or impulse control. The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations. It typically leads to significant distress or impairment in social, work or other areas of functioning. The pattern is stable and of long duration, and its onset can be traced back to early adulthood or adolescence. Symptoms of Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial personality disorder is diagnosed when a person’s pattern of antisocial behavior has occurred since age 15 (although only adults 18 years or older can be diagnosed with this disorder) and consists of the majority of these symptoms: Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying , use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults Reckless disregard for safety of self or others Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another There should also be evidence of Conduct Disorder in the individual as a child, whether or not it was ever formally diagnosed by a professional. Because personality disorders describe long-standing and enduring patterns of behavior, they are most often diagnosed in adulthood. It is uncommon for them to be diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, because a child or teen is under constant development, personality changes and maturation. According to the DSM-5, antisocial personality disorder cannot be diagnosed in people younger than 18 years old. Antisocial personality disorder is 70 percent more prevalent in males than females. Accordin	Asperger’s Syndrome - Autism Society Asperger’s Syndrome Asperger’s Resources History Asperger’s syndrome (also known as Asperger’s Disorder) was first described in the 1940s by Viennese pediatrician Hans Asperger, who observed autism-like behaviors and difficulties with social and communication skills in boys who had normal intelligence and language development. Many professionals felt Asperger’s syndrome was simply a milder form of autism and used the term “high-functioning autism” to describe these individuals. Uta Frith, a professor at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience of University College London and editor of Autism and Asperger Syndrome, describes individuals with Asperger’s as “having a dash of autism.” Asperger’s Disorder was added to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) in 1994 as a separate disorder from autism. However, there are still many professionals who consider Asperger’s Disorder a less severe form of autism. In 2013, the DSM-5 replaced Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders with the umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder . Characteristics What distinguishes Asperger’s Disorder from classic autism are its less severe symptoms and the absence of language delays. Children with Asperger’s Disorder may be only mildly affected, and they frequently have good language and cognitive skills. To the untrained observer, a child with Asperger’s Disorder may just seem like a neurotypical child behaving differently. Children with autism are frequently viewed as aloof and uninterested in others. This is not the case with Asperger’s Disorder. Individuals with Asperger’s Disorder usually want to fit in and have interaction with others, but often they don’t know how to do it. They may be socially awkward, not understand conventional social rules or show a lack of empathy. They may have limited eye contact, seem unengaged in a conversation and not understand the use of gestures or sarcasm. Their interests in a particular subject may border on the obsessive. Children with Asperger’s Disorder often like to collect categories of things, such as rocks or bottle caps. They may be proficient in knowledge categories of information, such as baseball statistics or Latin names of flowers. They may have good rote memory skills but struggle with abstract concepts. One of the major differences between Asperger’s Disorder and autism is that, by definition, there is no speech delay in Asperger’s. In fact, children with Asperger’s Disorder frequently have good language skills; they simply use language in different ways. Speech patterns may be unusual, lack inflection or have a rhythmic nature, or may be formal, but too loud or high-pitched. Children with Asperger’s Disorder may not understand the subtleties of language, such as irony and humor, or they may not understand the give-and-take nature of a conversation. Another distinction between Asperger’s Disorder and autism concerns cognitive ability. While some individuals with autism have intellectual disabilities, by definition, a person with Asperger’s Disorder cannot have a “clinically significant” cognitive delay, and most possess average to above-average intelligence. While motor difficulties are not a specific criterion for Asperger’s, children with Asperger’s Disorder frequently have motor skill delays and may appear clumsy or awkward. Diagnosis Diagnosis of Asperger’s Disorder has increased in recent years, although it is unclear whether it is more prevalent or more professionals are detecting it. When Asperger’s and autism were considered separate disorders under the DSM-IV, the symptoms for Asperger’s Disorder were the same as those listed for autism; however, children with Asperger’s do not have delays in the area of communication and language. In fact, to be diagnosed with Asperger’s, a child must have normal language development as well as normal intelligence. The DSM-IV criteria for Asperger’s specified that the individual must have “severe and susta	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,848	What is a device that allows electric current to pass through it in one direction only, used for converting AC to DC?	Electrical Terms Z A ACTUATOR SOLENOID - The solenoid in the actuator housing on the back of the injection pump which moves the control rack as commanded by the engine controller. ALTERNATOR - A device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) - A flow of electrons which reverses its direction of flow at regular intervals in a conductor. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE - The temperature of the surrounding medium, such as gas, air or liquid, which comes into contact with a particular component. AMMETER - An instrument for measuring the flow of electrical current in amperes. Ammeters are always connected in series with the circuit to be tested. AMPERE - A unit of measure for the flow of current in a circuit. One ampere is the amount of current flow provided when one volt of electrical pressure is applied against one ohm of resistance. The ampere is used to measure electricity much as "gallons per minute" is used to measure water flow. AMPERE-HOUR - A unit of measure for battery capacity. It is obtained by multiplying the current (in amperes) by the time (in hours) during which current flows. For example, a battery which provides 5 amperes for 20 hours is said to deliver 100 ampere - hours. AMPLIFIER - A device of electronic components used to increase power, voltage, or current of a signal. AMPLITUDE - A term used to describe the maximum value of a pulse or wave. It is the crest value measured from zero. ANALOG IC - lntegrated circuits composed to produce, amplify, or respond to variable voltages. They include many kinds of amplifiers that involve analog - to - digital conversions and vice versa, timers, and inverters. They are known as Operational Amplifier Circuits or OP - Amps. ANALOG GAUGE - A display device utilizing a varying current to cause a mechanical change in the position of its needle. ARMATURE - The movable part of a generator or motor. It is made up of conductors which rotate through a magnetic field to provide voltage or force by electromagnetic induction. The pivoted points in generator regulators are also called armatures. ARTIFICIAL MAGNETS - A magnet which has been magnetized by artificial means. It is also called, according to shape, a bar magnet or a horseshoe magnet. ATOM - A particle which is the smallest unit of a chemical element. It is made up mainly of electrons (minus charges) in orbit around protons (positive charges). AUXiliARY SPEED SENSOR - The engine speed sensor located on the engine timing gear cover. It serves as a back - up to the primary engine speed sensor. Back to Top B BENDIX DRIVE - One type flywheel engaging device for a starting motor. It is said to be mechanical because it engages by inertia. BREAK - See " Open ." BRUSH - A device which rubs against a rotating slip ring or commutator to provide a passage for electric current to a stationary conductor. CALIBRATION - The determination or rectification of the graduations used on a testing instrument. CAPACITOR - A device which stores electrical energy. Commonly used for filtering out voltage spikes. CHARGE - To restore the active materials in a storage battery by the passage of direct current through the battery cells in a direction opposite that of the discharging current. CURRENT - Movement of electricity along a conductor. Current is measured in amperes. CURRENT FLOW - The flow or movement of electrons from atom to atom in a conductor. CYCLE - The change in an alternating electrical sine wave from zero to a positive peak to zero to a negative peak and back to zero. CYCLING - The process by which a battery is discharged and recharged. Back to Top D DIAGNOSTIC CODE - A number which represents a problem detected by the eng	Professor of Accounting and Finance Department: Business Administration Welcome Everybody. I hope you enjoy the benefits of using the LAVC PORTAL. Throughout the semester I will be adding course content and information to help you succeed. Don’t give up Often life doesn’t go in the direction we want it to. Does that mean our lives are doomed and we can’t achieve the success we dream of? Let’s be realistic: Everybody fails. Consider the following: Walt Disney was fired by a newspaper? Editor because “he lacked imagination and had no good ideas.” Disney went bankrupt several times before he built Disneyland. In fact, the proposed park was rejected by the city of Anaheim, California, on the grounds that it would only attract “riffraff”. Thomas Edison’s teacher said he was “too stupid to learn anything.” He was fired from his first two jobs for being “nonproductive.” As an inventor Edison made more than 1,000 unsuccessful attempts to invent the light bulb. When a reporter asked him how it felt to fail 1,000 times, Edison said that he didn’t fail all those times but that the light bulb was an invention of 1,000 steps. Albert Einstein did not speak until he was 4 years old and did not read until he was 7. His parents thought he was “subnormal,” and one of his teachers describe him as “mentally slow, unsociable and adrift forever in foolish dreams.” He was expelled from school. Every cartoon that Charles Schulz, creator of the comic strip Peanuts, submitted to the yearbook staff at his high school was rejected. After Fred Astaire’s first screen test, the memo from the testing director of MGM, dated 1933, read “Can’t act. Can’t sing. Slightly bald. Can dance a little.” Astaire kept that memo over the fireplace in his Beverly Hills home. Decca Records turned down a recording contract with The Beatles with this fascinating evaluation: “We don’t like their sound. Guitar groups are on their way out.” A friend of mine in the music industry personally auditioned a singer by the name Reg Dwight in the 1960s. He unceremoniously shoved the singer out of his office for wasting his time. That singer is now better known as Elton John. Imagine if these individuals had given up, believing they were doomed to failure and would never achieve success. Do you think they ever felt down and depressed? Sure. But they didn’t allow a gloomy state to overtake them, to overpower their desire to succeed. In every case they did succeed - in a huge way, far greater than their wildest dreams. Bad experiences can be viewed as positive in hindsight. They can be stepping stones rather than stumbling blocks. It’s your choice. But be determined to never give up. Class Listing	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,849	Which member of the House of Lords and an ex-MP, celebrated his 100th birthday in November 1984?	BRITISH LIFT A GLASS AS AN EX-FIREBRAND TURNS 100 - NYTimes.com BRITISH LIFT A GLASS AS AN EX-FIREBRAND TURNS 100 By R. W. APPLE Jr. Published: October 19, 1984 LONDON, Oct. 18— Sixty years ago, in the heyday of left-wing agitation on the River Clyde, Manny Shinwell was one of the fiercest of the ''Red Clydesiders,'' the radicals who wanted to change the world, or at least the part they knew. At bedtime, Glasgow mothers used to tell their children to go to sleep or Manny would get them. Today, as Baron Shinwell, the Grand Old Man of British politics celebrated his 100th birthday. Still a Labor loyalist although dissatisfied with the course his party has taken in recent years, he marked the occasion with a stirring speech counseling Parliament to cherish patriotism and to adopt as the guiding principle of its defense policy the motto, ''No surrender.'' Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stood at the bar of the House of Lords - members of the House of Commons never enter the House of Lords itself - to listen with 300 other guests to Lord Shinwell. She must have welcomed his implicit rebuke to Labor's policy of nuclear disarmament and his attack on Socialists who ''infringe on Utopia.'' ''This occasion,'' said Viscount Whitelaw, the Deputy Prime Minister and leader of the Lords, ''is unique in the history of Parliament. He is not quite the first peer to reach 100, but he is certainly the first to have been an active member of this House.'' 'Nothing New to Say' Lord Shinwell, a bit bent, a bit hard of hearing, dependent upon a walking stick to get about, but still ruddy of cheek, mocked himself as ''an old dodger who has passed his prime with nothing new to say.'' But he confided that his doctor gave him ''another 10 years to live.'' ''At times my behavior has been, in my thoughts, shocking,'' the old agitator confessed. ''It should never have happened - no restraint, just wanting my way - many of us are like that. As we grow older we lose the need for aggression, for attack. We want to listen more to learn more, to play some part in a civilized society.'' But his caustic tongue has not left him. Not long ago, on the terrace of the Commons, with television cameras in attendance, he told Neil Kinnock, the Labor leader: ''Neil, take that grin off your face. You've got a serious job facing you after the last election. You can grin like a Cheshire cat - but it's not going to get you anywhere.'' Emanuel Shinwell, to give him the formal name that almost no one ever used, was born the son of a poor immigrant tailor in the East End of London in the year that Gordon was besieged in Khartoum. He entered Labor politics in 1903, the year the Wright Brothers made the first flight. He was first elected to Parliament in 1922, when Andrew Bonar Law was Prime Minister and Warren G. Harding was President. A Punch for a Tory He went to prison after the Glasgow unemployment riots of 1919. He earned the lifelong enmity of Ernest Bevin, the trade unionist who served as Foreign Secretary after World War II, by organizing a breakaway seaman's union during World War I; decades later, when someone told Mr. Bevin that ''Manny is his own worst enemy,'' Mr. Bevin replied, ''Not while I'm alive.'' Once he even punched, in the august purlieus of the House of Commons, a Conservative M.P. who dared to tell him to ''go back to Poland,'' from where his father had emigrated. His Cabinet colleagues blamed Mr. Shinwell, as he then was - he was made a baron 14 years ago - for failing to anticipate, as Minister of Fuel and Power, the bitterest winter of the century, that of 1947-48. ''Shiver with Shinwell,'' people said, and an unfriendly commentator wrote, ''He is the Donald Duck of the Socialist Government.'' So unpopular was he with the establishment in those days that when he was taken to lunch at the Caledonian Club his host was rebuked and warned never to do it again. But it was Manny Shinwell, the old- timers remembered today, who rallied the divided party after its disastrous defeat of 1931 and who trounced his erstwhile hero, Ramsay MacDonald, at the Sea	Arts and Music 101: Edward Elgar's Works Saturday, June 2, 2012 Edward Elgar's Works Sir Edward William Elgar was born on June 2, 1857 and died on February 23, 1934. He was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire. Among his best-known compositions are orchestral works including the Enigma Variations, the Pomp and Circumstance Marches, concertos for violin and cello, and two symphonies. He also composed choral works, including The Dream of Gerontius, chamber music and songs. He was appointed Master of the King's Musick in 1924. Selected Words Froissart, concert overture, Op. 19 (1890) Serenade for Strings, Op. 20 (1888 1892) Variations on an Original Theme (Enigma), Op. 36 (1899) includes Variation 9 Nimrod Cockaigne (In London Town), concert overture, Op. 40 (1900 1901) Pomp and Circumstance, five marches, all Op. 39 (1901 1930) March No. 1 in D (1901) (The trio contains the tune known as Land of Hope and Glory) In the South (Alassio), concert overture, Op. 50 (1903 1904) Introduction and Allegro for strings (quartet and orchestra), Op. 47 (1904 05) The Wand of Youth, suites Nos. 1 and 2, Opp. 1a/b (1867 71, rev. 1907/8) Symphony No. 1 in A-flat, Op. 55 (1907 1908) Violin Concerto in B minor, Op. 61 (1909 1910) Romance for bassoon and orchestra, Op. 62 (1910) Symphony No. 2 in E-flat, Op. 63 (1909 1911) Falstaff, symphonic study, Op. 68 (1913) Cello Concerto in E minor, Op. 85 (1918 1919) The Severn Suite, Op. 87 (1930) (for brass band, trans. for orchestra 1932) Cantatas and Oratorios The Black Knight, symphony/cantata for chorus and orchestra, Op. 25 (1889 1892) The Light of Life (Lux Christi), oratorio for soprano, alto, tenor and bass soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 29 (1896) Scenes From The Saga Of King Olaf, cantata for soprano, tenor and bass soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 30 (1896) Caractacus, cantata for soprano, tenor, baritone and bass soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 35 (1897 1898) The Dream of Gerontius, for mezzo-soprano, tenor and bass soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 38 (1899 1900) The Apostles, oratorio for soprano, contralto, tenor and three bass soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 49 (1902 1903) The Kingdom, oratorio for soprano, contralto, tenor and bass soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 51 (1901 1906) The Music Makers, ode for contralto or mezzo-soprano soloist, chorus and orchestra, Op. 69 (1912) Songs "The Wind at Dawn", poem by C. Alice Roberts (1888) Sea Pictures, (Sea Pictures: A Cycle of Five Songs for Contralto), Op. 37. (1897 1899) "Land of Hope and Glory", words by Arthur Christopher Benson (1902) Seven Lieder of Edward Elgar (1907) Partsongs "O Happy Eyes", SATB unacc., words by C. Alice Elgar, Op. 18 No.1 (1890) "My Love Dwelt in a Northern Land", SATB unacc., words by Andrew Lang, dedicated to Rev. J. Hampton (1890) "The Snow", SSA acc. 2 violins and piano, words by C. Alice Elgar, dedicated to Mrs. E. B. Fitton, Op. 26 No.1 (1894) (also with orchestral accompaniment, 1903, and various other combinations of voices SATB etc.) "Go, Song of Mine", SSAATB unacc., words by Cavalcanti, tr. D. G. Rossetti, dedicated to Alfred H. Littleton, Op. 57 (1909) "The Shower" and "The Fountain", SATB unacc., words by Henry Vaughan, Op. 71 Nos.1 and 2 (1914) Sacred Music Three motets: "Ave verum corpus", "Ave Maria" and "Ave Maris Stella", Op. 2 (1887) Te Deum and Benedictus, Op. 34 (1897) Chamber Music Romance, violin and piano, Op. 1 (1878) Salut d'Amour (Liebesgruss), violin and piano, Op. 12 (1888) Chanson de Nuit and Chanson de Matin, violin and piano, Op. 15 Nos. 1 and 2 (1897/1899). Violin Sonata in E minor, Op. 82 (1918) String Quartet in E minor, Op. 83 (1918) Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 84 (1918 1919) Keyboard Organ Sonata in G, Op. 28 Concert Allegro, piano, Op. 46 (1901; unpublished) Arrangements J. S. Bach, Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 537, tr. for orchestra, Op. 86 (1921 1922) Handel, Overture in D minor (Overture to Chandos Anthem "In the Lord put I my Trust", HWV247), tr. for orchestra (1923)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,850	Where would you find the Machu Picchu mountain?	Climbing machu picchu mountain - Machu Picchu Forum - TripAdvisor Climbing machu picchu mountain - Machu Picchu Forum Review a place you’ve visited JOIN Which Machu Picchu hotels are on sale? mm/dd/yyyy mm/dd/yyyy Climbing machu picchu mountain Jul 16, 2009, 10:07 PM I am doing the 4 day Inka Trail treck with Llamapath at the end of August. I am concerned that I may not get to Machu Picchu early enough to get a permit to climb Huayna Picchu . Would Machu Picchu mountain (sometimes called Apu Machu Picchu) be a good substitute? I am trying to avoid spending a night in Agua Caliente, since all the hotels seem dismal, and my clean clothes will be in Cuzco. Also, I am not sure that I will want to wake up at the crack of dawn after the treck to arrive in time to get the permit. Finally, what do you think the chances are that on August 30 the weather will be rainy or cloudy? The odds seem very low to me, based on what I have read, but I wanted to check. If the weather turned out to be terrible, I would want to spend the night in Agua Caliente to have another shot at seeing MP in good weather. Thanks so much for your help! One attraction mentioned in this post Travelers interested in this topic also viewed... Show Prices 11. Re: Climbing machu picchu mountain Jul 21, 2009, 12:21 PM I should have added that we will be travelling with two sons in their early 20s, one of whom is an avid photographer and will want to take many many photos. Should we stay overnite to increase our chances of catching 'better' weather? As you can probably tell, despite reading Lonely Planet and watching this site, I'm still feeling unsure how to structure this vacation! Report inappropriate content 12. Re: Climbing machu picchu mountain Jul 21, 2009, 1:04 PM Runningboy's insights are excellent. Traveling these days so often seems to consist of a checklist--the ol' "been there, done that" syndrome. And why does the OP think the hotels are all dismal? The one I was in was clean and comfortable, with a very accommodating staff. Report inappropriate content 13. Re: Climbing machu picchu mountain Jul 21, 2009, 4:15 PM You can get great pictures of Machu Picchu from the site near the Funerary Rock or the Watchman's Hut -- this is the viewpoint for taking the most famous photos of Machu Picchu. There is even a little outcropping where you can stand in front, with the amazing view of Machu Picchu behind & below you. In this view, Huayna Picchu is in the background. This is where my profile photo was taken. You can also get get photo ops hiking up to the Sun Gate, then turning back to see Machu Picchu spread out before you. You can also climb Putukusi -- I've heard you can get great photo views from there, too. (no permits needed) The weather changes throughout the day, so if you want a variety of photos -- Machu Picchu shrouded in mist, then in full sun, spend all day, or even two days, in case it rains one day. As for all the Aguas Calientes hotels being dismal, not so. We stayed at the lovely Inkaterra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel, which had great photo ops on its own. And there are many other less expensive hotels that come highly recommended. In general, Aguas Calientes doesn't have much going for it, except as a staging point for Machu Picchu, though we did enjoy the little market on our way to the train station. Indio Feliz also is a highly recommended restaurant there. The town reminds me a lot of U.S.-Mexican border towns like Nogales or Tiajuana, but much, much smaller. One destination mentioned in this post 14. Re: Climbing machu picchu mountain Jul 22, 2009, 7:31 AM The Huayna Picchu climb is not difficult or dangerous. You're just walking up steps for about an hour at most. There are even ropes and banisters along the way to help you along. When I went up, there were quite a few older people who seemed to manage the walk fine. Yes it is tiring but its a good experience. Yes if you go all the way up to the top there are some more dangerous bits but that is if you are going climbing over the rocks right up the top, etc... Report inappropriate content 1	Index-a Don't Forget To Hit <ESC> before going to a different page. Let's play a game of 30 questions. No, not that old standard of 20 questions, but one with an extra 10 questions added in and one that uses numeric answers (from 1 to 30). If you get stumped, go on to the next one. Perhaps the answer you need will be one of those left over when you complete all the questions you're sure of. Each answer is a number. The answers are the numbers 1-30. Each number appears only once. (Obviously) the questions are not in the right order.. 1. Aside from an extra 385 yards, how many miles is a marathon race? 2. If 27 solid cubes are formed into one big 3x3x3 cube how many individual cubes, at most, are visible from any single angle? 3. In the movie Spinal Tap what number is: "Well, it is one louder.."? 4. 'Via Dolorosa' is the (how many) Stations of the Cross, the Christian ritual tracing the key stages of the death of Jesus, beginning with his condemnation and ending with his being laid in the tomb? 5. How many dots are on a (standard 1-6) die? 6. The Russian 'Crimea Highway' trunk road from Moscow to the Crimea in Ukraine is the M (what)? 7. What number, between two hyphens, is used by journalists, etc., to mark the end of a newspaper or broadcast story? 8. How many unique dominoes are in a standard 'double six' set? 9. What number turned on its side (rotated 90 degrees) is the symbol for infinity? 10. The Marvel Comics superhero team led by Mr Fantastic was the Fanstastic (what)? 11. What is the larger number of the binary system? 12. Japanese haiku poems loosely comprise how many syllables? 13. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are respectively (what number)-and-half degrees north and south of the Equator? 14. What number is Hurricane on the Beaufort Scale? 15. Greek deka, and Latin decem, are what number? 16. Conventionally how many books are in the Bible's New Testament? 17. How many legs (or arms) are most usually on a starfish? 18. A lunar month is an average (how many) days plus 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 seconds? 19. 'Roaring' refers to what pluralised number in describing a 1900s decade of western world prosperity? 20. Traditionally what number of years anniversary is symbolized by silver? 21. What is generally stated to be the number of major joints in the human body? 22. What number is the French coded slang 'vingt-deux!', which warns that police are coming? 23. What is the only number that equals twice the sum of its digits (digit means numerical symbol)? 24. The early/mid-1900s American vaudeville comedy act was called the (how many) Stooges? 25. Any line of three numbers in the 'magic square' (a 3 x 3 grid of the numbers 1-9) adds up to what? 26. What is the international SPI resin/polymer identification coding system number (typically shown within a recycling triangle symbol) for polystyrene? 27. Traditionally the diameter of the 45rpm gramophone record is (how many) inches? 28. Pure gold is (how many)-carat? 29. The expression 'On cloud (what)' refers to being blissfully happy? 30. Each player begins with (how many) pieces in a game of chess? Daniel David "Danny" Kirwan (born 13 May 1950) is a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. Kirwan's first recorded work with the band was on the huge instrumental hit single "Albatross". Green later stated that, "I would never have done "Albatross" if it wasn't for Danny. I would never have had a number one hit record." The B-side of the single was Kirwan's first published tune, the instrumental "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues". This was an old clarinet piece, written by Joe Venuti and Adrian Rollini, and recorded by the Joe Venuti / Eddie Lang Blue Five in 1933. Kirwan had adapted the piece for himself and Green to play on	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,851	In which battle of World War I were angels reported to have fought beside British troops?	Alan S. Coulson, MD, PhD. and Michael E. Hanlon, Website Editor One of the abiding legends of the Great War is of an intercession by a heavenly agent -- allegedly observed by many soldiers -- during the opening action at Mons, Belgium, part of the larger action known as the Battle of the Frontiers in August 1914. In his book ANGELS A TO Z Matthew Bunson recounts, 'One of the most famous episodes of angelic intervention, [was] the supposedly widely reported descent of an angelic army in August 1914, which came to the aid of the British forces against the Germans in Mons. . . The angelic host's assistance could not have come at a more propitious moment as the British were being driven back by the relentless German advance." Bunson also relates one version supposedly corroborated by German prisoners describing a force of phantoms armed with bows and arrows and led by a towering figure on a shining white horse who spurred on English forces during an assault on German trenches. Another story spoke of three angelic beings seen by the British, hovering in the air over German lines, providing a source of deep inspiration for them. Aside from these beings, Bunson states that soldiers later claimed to have seen St. Michael the Archangel, the Virgin Mary, even Joan of Arc. [D See reference list at end of article.] Present day writer Philip Haythornthwaite gives a curious example of the story's lasting power. An employee of his grandfather, a veteran of Mons, became convinced that he had seen the angel. He had recounted that before this he had been a hard drinker. After, he apparently became not only a teetotaler but a pillar of the community. [M] British Tommy On His Way to the Front Chats with a Life Guard in London None of these eyewitnesses, however, who later asserted having viewed the Angel came forward in 1914 and had his name recorded in any log or document. British Army veterans who later told of seeing the Angel were suspect.. Few who fought at Mons survived the war. Most of the "Old Contemptibles", the regulars who fought in the early actions of the Great War, were killed off early. It would be expected that if some dramatic event had occurred and the men of a particular battalion or company had seen something unusual around Mons, it would be would be mentioned somewhere. In the histories of the regiments most seriously involved in the fighting there is no mention of any events that could be construed as a distraction or an intervention in the fighting. The Units that suffered most heavily on the 23rd, the 4th Royal Fusiliers and the 4th Middlesex did not record any peculiar events whatsoever. Nor did such regiments active in the battle or retreat such as the West Kents and the 2nd Scots Borderers chronicle anything but the brutal combat. Nevertheless, the Angel did leave a trail. The contemporary diaries and letters of many sane, sober people show that by 1915, in something of a focusing of national collective consciousness, the British had accepted that a supernatural event had taken place at Mons. In the consensus version, the nature of the apparition was angelic rather than, say, saintly or ghostly. Henceforth, Tommy Atkins and his family on the homefront believed in a somewhat standardized legend of the Angel of Mons whose timely appearance showed the Lord's sanction and active support for the opponents of the Kaiser's legions -- at least the British opponents. German Forces Advancing Furthermore, military historians who have studied Mons have enthusiastically incorporated the legend of the Angel of Mons into their writings up to the present day. Trevor Wilson and Martin Gilbert mention the apparition in their recent works. Daniel David in his bock, THE 1914 CAMPAIGN reports that "Some beleaguered soldiers reported being rescued by angels and ghostly bowmen." Arch Whitehouse in an earlier book, HEROES AND LEGENDS OF WORLD WAR I. states that after the battle on what is known as the Retreat from Mons some Coldstream Guards being the last to withdraw, got lost in the area of the Mormal Forest and had d	Battle of Blenheim Battle of Blenheim The Duke of Marlborough’s spectacular defeat of the hitherto invincible French army of Louis XIV The Duke of Marlborough leads the attack at the Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession: picture by Harry Payne The previous battle in the British Battles series is the Siege of Basing House The next battle in the War of the Spanish Succession is the Battle of Ramillies Battle: Blenheim War: Spanish Succession Date of the Battle of Blenheim: 2nd August 1704 (Old Style) (13th August 1704 New Style). The dates in this page are given in the Old Style. To translate to the New Style add 11 days Place of the Battle of Blenheim: On the Danube in Southern Germany. Combatants at the Battle of Blenheim: British, Austrians, Hungarians, Hanoverians, Prussians, Danes and Hessians against the French and Bavarians. John Churchill Duke of Marlborough: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession Generals at the Battle of Blenheim: The Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy against Marshall Tallard, Marshall Marsin and the Elector of Bavaria. Size of the armies at the Battle of Blenheim: There is considerable dissent on the size of the respective armies. The French and Bavarian armies probably comprised 60,000 men (69 battalions of foot and 128 squadrons of horse) and around 60 guns. The Allied army comprised 56,000 men (51 battalions of foot and 92 squadrons of horse), of which 16,000 (14 battalions of foot and 18 squadrons of horse and dragoons) were British and 52 guns. There is considerable variation in the numbers attributed to the French and Bavarian armies: some authorities put their strength as high as 72,000 men with 200 guns. French sources quoted by Sullivan in his book “The Irish Brigades” give the relative strengths as: French and Bavarians: 43,900 men, in 78 battalions and 127 squadrons, with 90 cannon. British and Allies: 60,150 men in 66 battalions and 181 squadrons, with 66 cannon (French battalions having 400 men to the Allied 500 and the French squadrons 100 to the Allied 150). Prince Eugene of Savoy: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession Uniforms, arms and equipment at the Battle of Blenheim: The British Army of Queen Anne comprised troops of Horse Guards, regiments of horse, dragoons, Foot Guards and foot. In time of war the Department of Ordnance provided companies of artillery, the guns drawn by the horses of civilian contractors. These types of formation were largely standard throughout Europe. In addition the Austrian Empire possessed numbers of irregular light troops; Hussars from Hungary and Bosniak and Pandour troops from the Balkans. During the 18th Century the use of irregulars spread to other armies until every European force employed hussar regiments and light infantry for scouting duties. Horse and dragoons carried swords and short flintlock muskets. Dragoons had largely completed their transition from mounted infantry to cavalry and were formed into troops rather than companies as had been the practice in the past. However they still used drums rather than trumpets for field signals. Infantry regiments fought in line, armed with flintlock musket and bayonet, orders indicated by the beat of drum. The field unit for infantry was the battalion comprising ten companies, each commanded by a captain, the senior company being of grenadiers. Drill was rudimentary and once battle began formations quickly broke up. The practice of marching in step was in the future. French soldiers marching to join their regiment: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession: picture by Jean Anthoine Watteau The paramount military force of the period was the French army of Louis XIV, the Sun King. France was at the apex of her power, taxing to the utmost the disparate groupings of European countries that struggled to keep the Bourbons on the western bank of the Rhine and north of the Pyrenees. Marlborough and his British regiments acted as an uncertain mortar in keeping	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,852	'Who was appointed Secretary of State for Work and Pensions after the 2010 General Election?	Cabinet reshuffle as it happened: Tories 'declare war on BBC' with John Whittingdale appointment - Telegraph Conservative Cabinet reshuffle as it happened: Tories 'declare war on BBC' with John Whittingdale appointment The Prime Minister forms his government, with John Whittingdale, the former chair of the DCMS committee and critic of the BBC, is appointed as Culture Secretary By Emily Gosden , and Rosa Prince 8:05PM BST 11 May 2015 • New MPs arrive in Westminster Get in touch: Tweet @emilygosden or email emily.gosden@telegraph.co.uk Latest 20.05 That's all for tonight, folks... Thanks for reading, we'll be back tomorrow for more reshuffling. In the meantime, here are some of today's key stories: Nigel Farage: Why I decided I had to stay on as Ukip leader 20.02 It's a timing thing George Osborne opts to tweet his congratulations on Robert Halfon becoming deputy chairman several hours after the move is announced... and just minutes after Shapps is demoted. Huge congratulations to my former PPS @Halfon4HarlowMP who will do a brilliant job as deputy chairman of the party. — George Osborne (@George_Osborne) May 11, 2015 20.00 Carswell keeps schtum on Farage Douglas Carswell fails to back Farage as leader when asked at Q&A: "You're going to need to ask about this later." — Ben Riley-Smith (@benrileysmith) May 11, 2015 UKIP's one and only MP learned about his leader's unresignation "on Twitter". — Robert Hutton (@RobDotHutton) May 11, 2015 19.57 Feldman now sole Tory party chairman Lord Feldman is Conservative Party Chairman and will attend Political Cabinet. — David Cameron (@David_Cameron) May 11, 2015 19.52 Whither Desmond Swayne? The minister of state for international development said he was tweeting in jest earlier... but now Grant Shapps does actually appear to have taken his job. No calls. Arrived DFID: Pass didn't work; All my stuff packed in boxes. The End? — Desmond Swayne (@DesmondSwayne) May 11, 2015 Explaining Shapps move. Senior Tory: "The campaign was run by Crosby, Textor & Gilbert reporting to Cameron & Osborne, paid for by Feldman." — Tim Shipman (@ShippersUnbound) May 11, 2015 19.49 Grant Shapps demoted — David Cameron (@David_Cameron) May 11, 2015 Grant Shapps is now a minister of state at DFID. This isn't what the party chairman in an election winning campaign would expect as a reward — James Forsyth (@JGForsyth) May 11, 2015 19.46 Britain loves an underdog The Lib Dems have been boasting about a surge in membership since their crushing electoral defeat last week. They're now on 8,000 new members... More than 8,000 people have joined us since Thursday! Welcome! #LibDemFightback http://t.co/uhtmkgT1D2 pic.twitter.com/kEzdOI8wwb — Liberal Democrats (@LibDems) May 11, 2015 While Labour is on some 20,000: More than 20,000 people have joined the Labour Party since polling day. Get involved in what happens next: http://t.co/DDlbDUnVQf — The Labour Party (@UKLabour) May 11, 2015 19.45 Chris Leslie considers Labour leadership bid New shadow chancellor Chris Leslie refuses to rule out Labour leadership bid when asked by BBC News: "One day at a time". — George Eaton (@georgeeaton) May 11, 2015 19.42 Harriet Harman: you can ignore Mandy Acting Labour leader Harriet Harman addressed the Parliamentary Labour Party a little earlier. Highlights: Cheers from Labour MPs as Harriet Harman says "you don't have to listen to Peter Mandelson" — Sophy Ridge (@SophyRidgeSky) May 11, 2015 Harriet Harman tells Labour MPs to stop bloodletting: "We have got to look deep into our souls, but we mustn't open our veins." — Matthew Holehouse (@mattholehouse) May 11, 2015 Harriet Harman: 'We have got to throw off any sense of loss or mourning' — Chris Mason (@ChrisMasonBBC) May 11, 2015 19.33 Hancock gets heckled Tough gig, the TPA. Matt Hancock is getting heckled over his support for HS2. Matt Hancock repeatedly heckled for suggesting HS2 is value for money. "No!" groan audience members at #PEC15 . — Ben Riley-Smith (@benrileysmith) May 11, 2015 And worse he may have just picked up an unfortunate nickname.. This is how nicknames ar	Deputy Leaders of the Labour Party - Young Fabians Young Fabians Deputy Leaders of the Labour Party Deputy Leaders of the Labour Party by Alex Bjarnason Posted on 17 January, 2014 · Follow Alex on Twitter Deputy Leaders of the Labour Party have included some of the most important and interesting figures in our movement's history. Throughout the year we will profile each of the 16 Deputy Leaders in separate blogposts. The first Deputy Leader was J.R. Clynes (1922-1932), a Fabian and Trade Unionist, who began working in a cotton mill when he was ten years old, helped form the Piercers' Union at seventeen years old, leading the Labour party in the 1922 elections before becoming Deputy Leader. In his final years as Deputy, Clynes shared the position with Scottish MP William Graham (1931-1932). Clement Attlee (1932-1935), Herbert Morrison (1945-1955) and Aneurin Bevan (1959-1960), three big beasts integral to implementing the welfare state, each served as Deputy Leader, with Attlee going on to became Leader and later Prime Minister. They were joined as Deputy by Arthur Greenwood (1935-1945), a working class intellectual and fierce opponent of Nevile Chamberlain's policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany, and Jim Griffiths (1955-1959), the first Secretary of State for Wales. Following Aneurin Bevan’s death in 1960, George Brown (1960-1970) became Deputy. Born into a working class family in South London, Brown left school at 15, became an organiser in the trade union movement, and went on to be Foreign Secretary. He was replaced by the Welsh son of a coal miner Roy Jenkins (1970-1972), who served as Home Secretary, and later left the Labour Party to form the Socialist Democratic Party. After Jenkins, Edward Short (1972-1976) was voted new Deputy. A proud northerner and party loyalist, he introduced statutory funding of opposition parties ("Short money") as leader of the House of Commons . Afterwards, the Deputy Leadership was held by Michael Foot (1976-1980), a gifted intellectual, journalist and writer who became leader and led the party to one of its worst electoral defeats in 1983. His election manifesto was dubbed “the longest suicide note in history” for its advocacy of nuclear disarmament, withdrawal from the European Economic Community, and introduction of a minimum wage. Foot was succeeded by Denis Healey (1980-1983), a Yorkshireman who became a communist party member and fought for 5 years with the Royal Engineers in World War II. During the war, Healey left the communists, joined Labour upon his return, and after entering parliament in 1952 had long periods as Deputy Leader, Chancellor, Defence Secretary, and was a member of the Fabian Society executive. He was replaced by the prolific writer and journalist Roy Hattersley (1983-1992), whose 9 years as Deputy were spent entirely in opposition. Labour elected Margaret Beckett (1992-1994) as their first female Deputy Leader. A scientist by training, she became Acting Leader following the death of John Smith, was Britain's first female Foreign Secretary, and a minister for both Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. Beckett was followed by John Prescott (1994-2007), who worked in the Merchant Navy and was a trade union official before entering parliament. He was the Labour's longest serving Deputy Leader, and Deputy Prime Minister between 1997-2007. The current Deputy Leader, Harriet Harman (2007-Present), was a successful solicitor and worked for Liberty before becoming an MP. She became Secretary of State for Social Security in 1997, was sacked but returned to government as Solicitor General for England and Wales between 2001-2005. Harman was Acting Leader following Gordon Brown's resignation, and is currently Shadow Secretary for Culture, Media and Sport. Do you like this post?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,853	The Kiel Canal connects the North Sea with which other sea	Baltic Sea Cruises, Baltic Sea Cruise, Cruises From the Baltic Sea, Cruise Baltic Sea, Cruise From the Baltic Sea, Baltic Sea Cruise Line, Baltic Sea Cruise Lines, Cruises to the Baltic Sea, Cruises Visiting the Baltic Sea Kiel Canal For discounted Baltic Sea cruises that visit Kiel Canal, click The Kiel Canal is a freshwater canal that connects the Baltic Sea to the North Sea through Germany. It was created not only to shorten travel time, but also to allow ships to avoid the storm-prone and often dangerous seas around the Jutland Peninsula. The canal was widened between 1907 and 1914 so that Dreadnought-sized battleships could pass through. Despite this action, most large cruise ships are still unable to fit under the clearance limits of many of the bridges today. Language: N/A Currency: N/A	List of British Sea Areas as listed in the weather report for shipping on BBC Radio4 Here's a nice but big (162K) map I scanned it from the Radio Times, they managed to forget Bailey so I had to edit it in, which is why the lines and font are a bit dodgy there. Here's one from the Met Office , a lot smaller but not as pretty, but it DOES have Trafalgar on it, and it makes the Lat and Longs more obvious. South East Iceland: 64N18W..65N14W..63N7W..62N11W (roughly) Faeroes: 63N7W..62N3W..59N7W..62N11W (roughly) Fair Isle: 62N3W..61N00..58N00..58N5W..59N7W (roughly) The above 3 form a diagonal band from the coast of Iceland down to the Greenwich Meridian at the Shetlands on the northern edge, and the Scottish coast on the southern edge. Fair Isle is 5 sided to get back into the normal squarish grid. Bailey: Between 10W and 15W from South East Iceland down to about 58N Rockall: Between 10W and 15W from Bailey (58N) down to 53N Shannon: Between 10W and 15W, from Rockall down to 50N, and including the bits off the Irish coast. Hebrides: The bit between Faeroes and Fair Isle, the Scottish coast, 10W, and 57N Malin: Below Hebrides, between Rockall and the coasts, down to the narrowest point between England and Ireland Irish Sea: The Irish Sea from Malin down to the narrowest point between Wales and Ireland Lundy: Bounded by the south Welsh and north Cornish coasts, out to about 6.5W Fastnet: Between Lundy and Shannon, with the south Irish coast above and 50N below Sole: 6.5W..15W and 50N..48.27N, below Shannon and Fastnet Finisterre, now renamed Fitzroy: Below Sole Biscay: From Finisterre to the French coast Plymouth: The mouth of the Channel to about 8W, Biscay below, Sole to the left Portland: Up the channel from Plymouth to about 2W Wight: From Portland to a line from about 50N2E(France) to 51N1E(England) Dover: From Wight to a line matching the latitude 51N, near enough Thames: Moving out towards the North Sea, as far as about 52.5N Humber: Up to 54N, but loses a degree of its eastern extent halfway up Tyne: A tiny bit about a degree wide along the coast from Humber up to about 56N Dogger: Tyne to the left, Humber below, 4E at the right, up to about 56N German Bight: From Humber and Dogger on the left to the continental coast Forties: Directly above Dogger, ie about 56N..58.5N and 1W..4E Forth: Between Forties and the Scottish coast, stopping at 57N Cromarty: Between Forties and the Scottish coast, from Forth up to 58.5N or so, where it meets Fair Isle Viking: Above Forties with Fair Isle to the west Fisher: East of Forties and north of German Bight, but only as far as about 57.5N North Utsire, South Utsire: The last bit between Viking and Forties and the Scandinavian coast I appear to have listed them in the reverse order to that used by the weather forecasters. Never mind!	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,854	What is the correct name for an ant’s nest?	Ants - Facts About Ants - Types of Ants - PestWorldforKids.org Red Imported Fire Ants There are more than 12,000 species of ants all over the world. An ant can lift 20 times its own body weight. If a second grader was as strong as an ant, she would be able to pick up a car! Some queen ants can live for many years and have millions of babies! Ants don’t have ears. Ants "hear" by feeling vibrations in the ground through their feet. When ants fight, it is usually to the death! When foraging, ants leave a pheromone trail so that they know where they’ve been. Queen ants have wings, which they shed when they start a new nest. Ants don’t have lungs. Oxygen enters through tiny holes all over the body and carbon dioxide leaves through the same holes. When the queen of the colony dies, the colony can only survive a few months. Queens are rarely replaced and the workers are not able to reproduce. Although ants are frustrating when they get into your home or when you’re having a picnic, ants do help the environment. They are social insects, which means they live in large colonies or groups. Depending on the species, ant colonies can consist of millions of ants. There are three kinds of ants in a colony: The queen, the female workers, and males. The queen and the males have wings, while the workers don’t have wings. The queen is the only ant that can lay eggs. The male ant’s job is to mate with future queen ants and they do not live very long afterwards. Once the queen grows to adulthood, she spends the rest of her life laying eggs! Depending on the species, a colony may have one queen or many queens. Ant colonies also have soldier ants that protect the queen, defend the colony, gather or kill food, and attack enemy colonies in search for food and nesting space. If they defeat another ant colony, they take away eggs of the defeated ant colony. When the eggs hatch, the new ants become the "slave" ants for the colony. Some jobs of the colony include taking care of the eggs and babies, gathering food for the colony and building the anthills or mounds. Find information on ant control at the official NPMA website. Species: Linepithema humile Diet: Argentine ants prefer sweet substances but will eat almost anything including meats, eggs, oils and fats. Also, when foraging for food, Argentine ants leave pheromone trails everywhere they go, instead of just from nest to food source. This habit ensures they do not waste time visiting the same area twice. While in other ant species worker ants are primarily responsible for gather food, Argentine queens also assist with foraging for food. Habitat: Argentine ant colonies are located in wet environments near a food source. These colonies can grow to monumental size, sometimes covering entire habitats, such as an entire garden or your whole back yard. Impact: Argentine ants do not pose a health threat, but they can contaminate food by leaving their bodily waste behind. Prevention: Eliminate standing water. Pests, such as ants, mosquitoes and termites, are attracted to moisture. Keep tree branches and other plants cut back from the house. Sometimes pests use these branches to get into your home. Make sure that there are no cracks or little openings around the bottom of your house. Sometimes pests use these to get into your home. Make sure that firewood and building materials are not stored next to your home. Pests like to build nests in stacks of wood. Species: Camponotus Diet: Carpenter ants do not eat the wood they remove during their nest-building activities, but deposit it outside entrances to the colony in small piles. The diet of carpenter ants includes living and dead insects, meat, fats and sugary foods of all kinds, including honeydew and nectar from plants. Habitat: Carpenter ants build nests anywhere they can find water and moldy or damp wood, such as tree stumps, firewood or in the plants around your house. Carpenter ants also build nests inside, usually entering buildings through wet, damaged wood, although it isn’t uncommon for them to adapt to drier environments. Impact: Carpenter a	Oodles Of Fun: April 2010 Oodles Of Fun Are You Using Your nOodle? Pages Question of the Day - On this day in 1931, what 102-story, 1,046-foot building was dedicated in New York City? Empire State Building Bon Jovi sang "You Give Love a ____ Name". Bad Bing Crosby's real name was: Harry Which is the only Marx Brothers film to feature on the AFI's top 100? Duck Soup The Broadway show Movin' Out featured the songs of: Billy Joel The tagline "Die Harder" comes from which 1990 movie? Die Hard 2 Which film has the line, "I can't have a baby, because I have a 12:30 lunch meeting"? Baby Boom In An Affair to Remember, where did the lovers decide to meet six months later? New York Where do the scientists first find a mysterious monolith, in 2001: A Space Odyssey? The Moon Which actress stars in the film Mean Girls? Lindsay Lohan This horror classic is called: Invasion of the Body ________. Snatchers Whose real name is Eric Bishop? Jamie Foxx Who said: "Whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done"? George W. Bush Bruce Springsteen says "Everybody's got ________". A hungry heart Who had the 1976 hit: "Play That Funky Music"? Wild Cherry Al Pacino and Matthew McConaughey starred in: Two for the Money In the "Rock DJ" video, what former Take That singer literally sheds layers of clothes and layers of flesh? Robbie Williams Which film is a love story between the King of Siam and a British schoolteacher? Anna and the King What former star of Broadway's Annie married Matthew Broderick, who starred in The Producers? Sarah Jessica Parker What was the last Beatles' album to be recorded before the band's split? Abbey Road Which actress' father is well-known actor Jon Voight? Angelina Jolie What was the name of Herman's wife on The Munsters? Lily On the TV series Heroes, the character Hiro Nakamura is able to: Stop time The music to the U.S. Navy song "Anchors Aweigh" was written by: Charles Zimmerman Talk show host Rosie O'Donnell changed hats to play which narrating character in "Seussical the Musical"? The Cat in the Hat All members of The Monkees have what same color of eyes? Brown The tagline, "Resistance is Futile", comes from which 1996 movie? Star Trek: First Contact One of the longest movie song titles, as sung by Julie Andrews in Mary Poppins, was: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" Who played Truman Capote in Capote? Philip Seymour Hoffman Which Scottish actor voiced a dragon called Draco in the movie Dragon Heart? Sean Connery Question of the Day - Willie Nelson turns 77 today. What is NOT one of his songs? Hit the Road, Jack Which character sings "Over the Rainbow" in The Wizard of Oz? Dorothy Finish this line from The Godfather: "Leave the gun. Take _________". The cannoli Name the ship commanded by Russell Crowe in Master and Commander. HMS Surprise In which of the Rocky movies was the statue of Rocky unveiled? Rocky III Where was the character Elijah Prince, aka "Mr. Glass", from Unbreakable born? A department store Who sang "When You Wish upon a Star" in the 1940 Walt Disney film Pinocchio? Jiminy Cricket What was the name of the woman Dustin Hoffman played in Tootsie? Dorothy Michaels What comedian actress shared Steve Martin's body in All of Me? Lily Tomlin Who played Starsky in the film Starsky and Hutch? Ben Stiller In 1995, what Irish New Age musician released the album The Memory of Trees? Enya Which best describes Kiefer Sutherland? Agent Jack Bauer on 24 Which Beatle sang "My Sweet Lord"? George Harrison In which movie does Kevin Bacon discover the secret of invisibility? Hollow Man Antonin Dvorak's most famous symphony is known as Z Noveho Sveta in his native language. What do we call it? From the New World Which actor played the monster in the original film of Frankenstein? Boris Karloff The movies Courage Under Fire and A Soldier's Story featured which actor? Denzel Washington Angela Lansbury was in which movie? Bedknobs and Broomsticks What film is showing at the Bedford Falls theater at the end of It's A Wonderful Life? The Bells of St. Mary's What sport is pla	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,855	‘The Valley of the ‘what’ is a 1966 novel by US author Jacqueline Susann?	Valley of the Dolls:A Novel by Jacqueline Susann (1966, Hardback) \| eBay Valley of the Dolls:A Novel by Jacqueline Susann (1966, Hardback) Free Shipping Was $21.69 Save 20% What does this price mean?This is the price (excluding shipping and handling fees) this seller has provided at which the seller has sold the same item, or one that is virtually identical to it, in the recent past. The "off" amount and percentage simply signifies the calculated difference between the seller-provided original price for the item and the seller's current discounted price. If you have any questions related to the pricing and/or discount offered in a particular listing, please contact the seller for that listing. Condition Very Good A book that does not look new and has been read but is in excellent condition. No obvious damage to the cover, with the dust jacket (if applicable) included for hard covers. No missing or damaged pages, no creases or tears, and no underlining/highlighting of text or writing in the margins. May be very minimal identifying marks on the inside cover. Very minimal wear and tear. See the seller’s listing for full details and description of any imperfections. Sold by itsnatural ( 3034 )99.5% Positive Feedback Delivery Est. Jan 23 - Jan 30From Hollywood, Florida Returns	Shakespeare's Fools - Touchstone in As You Like It Shakespeare's Fools: Touchstone in As You Like It From The Fools of Shakespeare by Frederick Warde. London: McBride, Nast & company. "A Worthy Fool" To term Touchstone a clown, as he is called in the cast of characters of "As You Like It," seems to me both a misnomer and an injustice. His knowledge, his wisdom, his wit and his faculty - of observation, raise him far above the condition that such a term would imply. Fool to the court of The Duke, whose dukedom is not named, the character of Touchstone is a most positive and complete conception of the mediaeval jester, and he more fully realizes the accomplishments essential to that office, as described by Viola in the "Twelfth Night," than any other of the motley-minded gentlemen that the poet has created. He is a man of considerable learning, his wit is never lacking in wisdom, he chooses the object of his jests with prudence, the time with discretion, the matter with judgment, and he is never at a loss for a reply that is apt and to the point. Touchstone scorns mere persiflage, is happily free from the punning habit, and is seldom a corrupter of words; he makes his jests by logical deductions, with a good premise, a sound argument, and a positive conclusion. This same happy quality may be found in his encounters with the gentlemen of the court, the ladies in their disguises, the simple shepherds in the forest, and with the grave philosopher Jaques; indeed, it is the latter gentleman who most accurately summarizes the accomplishments, and gives the keynote to the jester's character, when he presents him to the Duke: "Is not this a rare fellow, good my lord? he is as good at anything, and yet a fool." The wit of Touchstone does not scintillate, but burns with a steady flame; it is not like the sparks that fly from the contact of tempered steel, but the bright and ruddy glow that radiates from molten metal in the crucible. It is sententious rather than brilliant, more philosophic than frivolous, and invariably epigrammatic. His hutpor is never malicious, nor his satire bitter; he shoots his wit at every mark that presents itself, but his shafts are harmless; they have no barb and leave no sting. Touchstone is not a buffoon, he does not play practical jests nor indulge in such pranks as did that "mad rogue" Yorick. Had it been. Touchstone in the churchyard at Elsinore when the sexton was digging a grave, he would not have poured a flagon of wine over the old grave-digger's head; he would probably have leaned against one of the old yew trees, watched the proceedings with quiet reflection, and if the old sexton had advanced any of his socialistic theories, the jester would have argued the matter to the end, and no doubt have beaten him on his own proposition. There are no demonstrations or expressions of affection by Touchstone, as by the fool in "King Lear," yet he is not lacking in loyalty; he leaves the court of Duke Frederick to follow the fortunes of Celia, the Duke's daughter, out of sincere regard, running the risk of the Duke's displeasure and probably of punishment if discovered; he accepts the fatigues of the journey and the discomforts of life in the forest of Arden without hesitation or complaint; he readily adapts himself to his new environment, keeps his own counsel, as well as that of his mistress, and holds the secret of the disguises of Celia and Rosalind inviolate. My first acquaintance with Touchstone was made many years ago, at Manchester, in England. A very elaborate production of "As You Like It" was presented at the Prince's Theater there. I played the part of Orlando to the Rosalind of that beautiful and incomparable actress, Miss Adelaide Neilson. Mr. Compton was the fool. I cannot imagine a more adequate and effective performance of the part than Mr. Compton gave; his quaint personality, his unctuous humor, his artistic instinct, added to his ripe experience, combined to present a complete embodiment of the poet's design. The mobility of his features	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,856	Pewter is an alloy of tin and which other metal?	Pewter Alloys - NEY Metals & Alloys Pewter Alloys Pewter Alloys to meet your needs Leverage our expertise to create the most eye catching products NEY 4-5 Ingot prev next Pewter Alloys Pewter and alloys made from Tin have been in existence for more than 2000 years and NEY has been manufacturing them for almost 150 years. There are many good publications available that describe the history of Pewter, but before the use of Pewter in British culture, records of early Pewterware were not historically well documented. What is known is that, when compared to other casting alloys with an ancient metallurgical history, Pewter with its’ low melting temperature (450F, 232C) allows for a variety of manufacturing techniques. It was an inexpensive, versatile metal used in the manufacture of functional, as well as decorative Pewter items and beautiful pieces of Pewter art. Antique Pewter items have been created since the Bronze Age but it is rare to find ancient artifacts produced from Pewter. One of the earliest pieces of antique Pewter was the Abydos Bottle found in an Egyptian tomb dating back to 1450 BC. Some experts attribute the lack of ancient artifacts to the fact that Tin is highly resistant to tarnishing and has a low melting point with little dross. This would allow ordinary people to “recycle” the metal and easily recast their old Pewterware into new shapes without special equipment or skills. Pewter also has a rich history in British tradition. It was used as everyday tableware before ceramics became available. It had the look of sterling silver without the cost or constant upkeep. Lower class citizens could copy the silver designs of the day and produce something affordable and lasting to them that could be easily cleaned with soap ad water. This ability to mimic precious metals was expanded upon in the 20th Century when forming Fashion (Costume) Jewelry out of Pewter like alloys became the norm. Pewter items could be cast in molds of bronze or sand using the gravity method. It could also be produced by centrifugal (spin) casting, using rubber or silicone molds which became abundant in the 1960’s and beyond. By pressing, rolling, spinning on a lathe or hand forming, it could be manipulated into many beautiful forms and designs. These processes are still the primary techniques found in manufacture today. In the early 1970’s, The Association of British Pewter Craftsmen created a strict guideline for the range of elements: Tin (Sn) 91.5% minimum, Antimony (Sb) 8% maximum, Copper (Cu) 2.5% maximum, Bismuth (Bi) 0-5% maximum. A casters stamp (mark) was issued to assure that these guidelines were met. The American Pewter Guild set their own limits along with the Federal Trade Commission by defining Pewter as a “metal alloy product of which the chemical composition shall be not less than 90% Grade A Tin, with the remainder composed of metals appropriate for use in Pewter.” This opened the door to many new alloys that were then used to produce Pewter Figurines, Fashion Jewelry, Ornamental Items, Plates, Flatware, Charms, Goblets and Tankards. It is interesting to note that Bismuth was not a common metal found in Pewter. Only in the Mid 1980’s did it become a valuable addition. NEY Smelting & Refining Co. Inc. was instrumental in designing new alloys in 1989 that would cast well and be certified Lead free. With much time and patience, NEY worked with prestigious casting houses in Manhattan, (the hub of Pewter casting, until it was moved to Rhode Island) to formulate a Lead Free Pewter that casts well. It was determined that Bismuth could be used to replace the Lead and Silver could be used to replace the Toxic Cadmium, found in many Pewter Alloys. The Silver acted like Cadmium in the alloy which was used as a metal grain refiner. This allowed a smoother surface for polishing or plating. Today those formulas are still the building blocks for our NEY Lead Free alloys, such as our best-selling ENTB alloy, with less than 40 ppm (parts per million) Lead and certified food grade safe. Whatever type of Pewter or	Passable Literature Trivia Quiz In which book would you find a Heffalump? Which detective had a landlady called Mrs. Hudson? Who wrote the Booker Prize winning novel The Life of Pi? Which of Alexandre Dumas' 'Three Musketeers' real identity is Comte de la Fère? In which language did Vladimir Nabokov write Lolita? Which 1949 novel begins 'It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen?' How many lines are there in a sonnet? Don Diego de la Vega is the secret identity of which hero? In which novel does an alien invasion commence in Woking, England? In the title of a Shakespeare play, who are Valentine and Proteus? In which George Bernard Shaw play are Professor Henry Higgins and Eliza Doolittle central characters? Which fictional Count's real name is Edmond Dantès? What was the name of Captain Nemo's submarine in Jules Verne's novel? Which poet wrote the Canterbury Tales? Who was Ebenezer Scrooge's deceased partner in 'A Christmas Carol?' Question Who created the fictional town of Middlemarch? In which novel would you find the exceedingly strong drink called the 'Pan-galactic Gargle Blaster?' In which Jane Austen novel do the Bennet family appear? Who is the title hobbit in 'The Hobbit?' Which author used the pseudonyms Isaac Bickerstaffe and Lemuel Gulliver among others? What is the name of the sequel to John Milton's 'Paradise Lost?' In which novel does the character Major Major Major Major appear? Who went on a circumnavigation of the world from the Reform Club as the result of a bet? Which Ray Bradbury novel opens 'It was a pleasure to burn?' Which novel was subtitled 'The Modern Prometheus?' Who wrote the short story 'I, Robot' in 1950? In the Harry Potter novels, as whom did Tom Riddle become infamous? Which novel takes place in the Year of Our Ford 632? Who taught children to fly using 'lovely thoughts' and fairy dust? Which John Steinbeck novel centers on the characters George and Lennie? Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? How are the sisters Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy collectively known? Which mythological figure 'Shrugged' in the title of an Ayn Rand novel? How many syllables are there in a haiku? 'Workers of the world, unite!' is the last line of which work? What real-life Soviet organisation is James Bond's nemesis in the early novels? In which fictional country is the castle of Zenda to be found? Who is the chief protagonist in John Buchan's The 39 Steps? How is David John Cornwell better known? What is the name of Long John Silver’s parrot? At what age do Adrian Mole's diaries start? Who lived the last few years of his life in Paris under the pseudonym 'Sebastian Melmoth'? Who created Noddy?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,857	Name the island separated from the mainland by the Juan de Fuca, Georgia and Queen Charlotte Straits?	Vancouver Island \| island, British Columbia, Canada \| Britannica.com Vancouver Island Courtenay Vancouver Island, island lying off of southwestern British Columbia , Canada . With an area of 12,079 square miles (31,285 square km), it is the largest island on the Pacific coast of North America . Vancouver Island is separated from mainland Canada by the straits of Georgia, Johnstone, and Queen Charlotte and from the United States by Juan de Fuca Strait . The island, averaging 50 miles (80 km) in width and extending for 285 miles (460 km) along a northwest–southeast axis paralleling the mainland, is actually the top of a partially submerged mountain system. It has a deeply dissected, heavily wooded, mountainous interior with several peaks of more than 7,000 feet (2,100 metres). Flanked on the east by a coastal plain, its coastline, especially on the west, is deeply indented with fjords. Strathcona Provincial Park occupies 847 square miles (2,193 square km) in the central part of the island, while Pacific Rim National Park (193 square miles [500 square km]) is in three sections along the west coast, and Cape Scott Provincial Park (58 square miles [151 square km]) is at its northwestern tip. Shoreline of Kennedy Lake, south-central Vancouver Island, B.C., Can. © Index Open First discovered by Captain James Cook (1778), the island was surveyed in 1792 by George Vancouver and was held by the Hudson’s Bay Company until it was made a British crown colony in 1849. In 1866 it was united with the mainland colony of British Columbia, which entered (in 1871) the Dominion of Canada as a province, with Victoria , the island’s chief city, as the provincial capital. The island’s main industries include lumbering, fishing , mining (coal, iron ore, and copper), agriculture (dairy products, fruits, and vegetables), and tourism. The major population centres, situated predominantly along the east coast, apart from Victoria, are Duncan, Nanaimo , Port Alberni, Courtenay , North Cowichan, Port Hardy, and Campbell River . The island is served by air and ferry service to mainland Canada and the United States. Logging boat in Ucluelet Inlet, western Vancouver Island, B.C., Can. © Index Open	Isle of Jura - Island of Deer Isle of Jura A Guide to the Southern Inner Hebridean Isles of Argyll Isle of Jura – Island of Deer The name Jura is believed to come from the Norse meaning ‘Deer Island’ although it is also said that Jura got it’s name from an earlier language. In Gaelic the word ‘diura’ itself means ‘tough, or durable’. Early writers speak of a few herds of deer numbering about 300, but the present day population is about 7,000. Meeting any of these majestic animals is likely while peace, isolation and tranquility are other attractions of this remote and wild island. Jura is sparsely populated and is currently inhabited by a little over 200 people. The main settlement is Craighouse on the east coast, in fact almost all the people live on the south and east coast. The west of the island is hard to access but offer some of the finest raised beaches in the world. The only road on the island, single track all the way, starts at the ferry terminal near Feolin. On the opposite side of the Sound of Islay, the narrow strait with its fast currents, is Port Askaig Islay, a car and passenger ferry links both. The road ends in the north of Jura, near Barnhill. Barnhill is also known for the cottage where Eric Blair, better known as George Orwell, lived from 1946-48 while writing his novel 1984. Orwell had first visited the island in 1945 and had an almost fatal encounter in the Gulf of Corryvreckan that separates Jura from the smaller island of Scarba to the north. The Corryvreckan Whirlpool as it is called is caused by an underwater mountain reaching almost to the surface of the strait causing the whirlpool to activate when the tides change. Especially with a strong westerly wind and upcoming tide the whirlpool is best visible. Jura Hotel runs Landrover trips from Craighouse to Kinuachdrach. Craighouse seen from the Stone Pier Jura is ideal for walking and the visitor has almost unlimited freedom to walk almost everywhere and climb the Paps of Jura, visit the Wild west coast with it’s amazing wildlife or visit the Corryvreckan Whirlpool in the north. These are all tough hard walks. If you wish to walk during the stalking season, please check with the gamekeepers concerned. The main stalking season is from August to the end of October. From a historical point of view one can say that Jura’s history is in many ways similar to the other islands of the Hebrides. At some point the Norseman ruled the island from the Isle of Man until Somerled, whose steady rise to power in the Hebrides was cemented in the famous sea-battle of 1156 of Islay, ended Norse power in the Hebrides. Somerled’s descendants, named Clan Donald, and more commonly known to history as the “Lords of the Isles” grew to control all of the west coast and parts of north Scotland. In 1506 the Treaty of Camus an Staca took away all MacDonald rights to land and power on Jura and gave them to a cadet branch of the House of Campbell. The Macleans in the meanwhile constantly strove to keep the Campbells out of north Jura. The island entered an era in which it was controlled for a longer period by the Campbell Clan in the early 1600s from which 11 lairds ruled the island. When explorer Martin Martin visited the Isle of Jura in 1703 he wrote an interesting account of the island and its people. According to explorer Thomas Pennant, who visited Jura twenty years later, the island “carried a fairly large population right through the period of Campbell domination into the era of emigration and clearance.” The Campbell dominance lasted until 1938 when Charles Campbell, the last Laird of Jura, sold the remaining parts of the Jura Estate and houses. Paps of Jura Dominating the view of Jura from almost any direction are the three, distinctive and easily recognised, Paps of Jura found in the southern half of the island. The highest of the three is Beinn an Oir, the Mountain of Gold, is 785m/2576 ft is the only Corbett, a mountain in Scotland between 2500 and 3000 ft. Beinn Shiantaidh, the Sacred Mountain, is 757m/2477 ft and stands to the east of Beinn an Oir, while Beinn a’	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,858	Catherine Hogarth was the wife of which British novelist?	Catherine Dickens finds a 21st century ally in Lillian Nayder \| Bates Magazine \| Bates College A memorial page for Bates community members Catherine Dickens finds a 21st century ally in Lillian Nayder After 22 years of marriage and 10 children, Charles Dickens famously dumped his wife, Catherine Dickens, in 1858. Wielding the power of his pen, he alleged that Catherine was mentally unbalanced and an unfit wife and mother; in truth, he wanted to take up with a younger woman, actress Ellen Ternan. For years, critics and biographers took his word for it. Now, Professor of English Lillian Nayder has debunked the novelist’s unkind portrayal of his wife with her 2010 biography, The Other Dickens: A Life of Catherine Hogarth. Professor of English Lillian Nayder, photographed by Phyllis Graber Jensen. How did you get interested in Catherine Dickens? It was curious to me that Catherine was always dismissed by critics, while Dickens’ side of the story was always accepted — even though there was plenty of evidence to suggest that he had fabricated tales about his wife. Critics just didn’t want to go there. Charles Dickens has shaped the language of her story — and he told a lot of lies about her. Such as? He wrote a letter that made its way into the New York Tribune, the so-called “Violated Letter,” in which he said that the “peculiarity of her character” had “thrown all the children” onto the care of Catherine’s sister Georgina, the Dickens family housekeeper. Untrue. It’s a complicated family plot. Catherine’s sisters — Mary and Georgina — have always been portrayed as taking his side. Dickens’ various claims to and about them have cheapened and obscured the relationships among all the sisters. After the 1858 separation, Georgina chose to stay in Charles Dickens’ household, so that’s always been a particularly gnarly issue. There was a third sister, Helen — Catherine’s close friend and ally — but she’s been ignored until now. Why did Charles Dickens treat his wife that way? He had some real explaining to do if he was going to force his wife out of the house. But he couldn’t admit publicly that it was because he was interested in a young woman the same age as one of his daughters. Divorce wasn’t an option because one had to show that adultery had been committed by the husband or the wife. Dickens didn’t want to go there. He was the novelist of hearth and home. You looked at the couple’s sex life, too. By knowing the time intervals between a woman’s deliveries and conceptions, we can use mathematical models to determine the sexual activity of a couple that isn’t using contraception. Critics have always claimed that Dickens, by 1850, had lost interest in his wife, but their sex life was as active in the early 1850s as it was in the early 1840s. To give you one example, the 310-day interval between Catherine’s eighth delivery and her next conception in 1849 is about the same as the interval after her second delivery in 1838 and suggests four acts of intercourse per month. What did you interpret from Charles’ practicing mesmerism, what we call hypnotism today? He did mesmerize Catherine — initially in Pittsburgh during the 1842 American tour — but it didn’t have any therapeutic rationale because Catherine wasn’t ailing. I think he wanted to demonstrate that he could, in fact, control the very consciousness of his wife. In a similar way, Dickens has mesmerized generations of biographers. He’s a very powerful influence, and I’m trying to resist that. So when Catherine wrote a cookbook, later critics dismissed it as bad food from an unstable fat woman? The book mostly offers meal plans, or bills of fare, and Dickens biographers have used it against her, as more evidence of why the marriage “didn’t work out.” Her husband was seen as light and mercurial, and she was seen as this burdensome body weighing him down with macaroni and cheese. Modern critics looking at Victorian meals are bound to be put off. The dishes have heft — fricassee chicken, fried potatoes, marrow pudding, macaroni and cheese, a lot of bacon, and Italian cream — but peo	Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen · OverDrive: eBooks, audiobooks and videos for libraries Classic Literature Fiction "Northanger Abbey" was the first of Jane Austen's novels to be completed for publication, though she had previously made a start on "Sense and Sensibility" and "Pride and Prejudice". According to Cassandra Austen's "Memorandum, Susan" (as it was first called) was written circa 1798–99. It was revised by Austen for the press in 1803, and sold in the same year for £10 to a London bookseller, Crosby & Co., who decided against publishing. In the spring of 1816, the bookseller was content to sell it back to the novelist's brother, Henry Austen, for the exact sum—£10—that he had paid for it at the beginning, not knowing that the writer was by then the author of four popular novels. The novel was further revised by Austen in 1816/17, with the intention of having it published. Among other changes, the lead character's name was changed from Susan to Catherine, and Austen retitled the book "Catherine" as a result. Austen died in July 1817. "Northanger Abbey" (as the novel was now called) was brought out posthumously in late December 1817 (1818 given on the title page), as the first two volumes of a four-volume set that also featured another previously unpublished Austen novel, "Persuasion". Neither novel was published under the title Jane Austen had given it; the title "Northanger Abbey" is presumed to have been the invention of Henry Austen, who had arranged for the book's publication.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,859	What Washington D.C. landmark is depicted on the reverse of the US $5 bill?	Historic woman promoted to $20 bill, Alexander Hamilton to remain on $10 bill - UPI.com Comments 1 of 3 WASHINGTON, April 18 (UPI) -- The U.S. Treasury is expected to announce this week that its plan to prominently feature a woman on the $10 bill will change in favor of replacing former President Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill. Instead of making a historically important woman the main image on the $10, relegating Alexander Hamilton to the back of the bill, the founder of the United States' financial system will likely remain where he is, with a number of other important figures or slices of U.S. history on the back. An announcement is expected later this week, an anonymous U.S. official told CNN . The source also told CNN that the $20 bill would feature an American woman who represents the struggle for racial equality in the United States. The soonest the new note would be issued is 2030 because of a lengthy process to deter counterfeiting in currency design. Critics said early on that Jackson doesn't belong on U.S. currency because of his vigorous advocacy of the Indian Removal Act, which purged tribes from the South and into Oklahoma in what became the devastating Trail of Tears that killed large segments of tribes being forced to relocate. Jackson also loathed paper money and the central banking system. Last year's announcement of a proposed overhaul of the $10 bill to feature a woman quickly found a national audience eager to suggest appropriate honorees -- former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt and female leaders of the suffrage and abolitionist movements were often mentioned. Fans of Hamilton, and of a currently popular Broadway play based on his life, Hamilton, also weighed in, saying the less-popular Jackson should be replaced instead . It's not just the $10 and $20 bills that could receive a new treatment. Abraham Lincoln is currently depicted on the $5 bill and will likely remain there but with the back of the bill redesigned to reflect historical moments occurring at Washington's Lincoln Memorial.	United States Bullion Depository The United States Bullion Depository, commonly called Fort Knox, is a fortified vault building located near Fort Knox, Kentucky, which is used to store a large portion of United States official gold reserves and, occasionally, other precious items belonging or entrusted to the federal government. The United States Bullion Depository holds about 4,603 tons of gold bullion (147.4 million troy ounces). It is second in the United States only to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's underground vault in Manhattan, which holds about 5,000 metric tonnes of gold in trust for many foreign nations, central banks and official international organizations. In 1936, the U.S. Treasury Department began construction of the United States Bullion Depository at Fort Knox, Kentucky, on land transferred from the military. The Gold Vault was completed in December 1936 at a cost of $560,000, or about $7.5 million in 2007 dollars. The site is located on what is now Bullion Boulevard at the intersection of Gold Vault Road. The first gold shipments were made from January to July 1937. The majority of the United States' gold reserves were gradually shipped to the site, including old bullion and more newly made bars made from melted gold coins. Some intact coins were stored, as well. The transfer needed 500 rail cars and was sent by registered mail, protected by the U.S. Postal Inspection Service. During World War II, the repository held the original U.S. Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution. It also held the reserves of several European countries and several key documents from Western history; for example, it held the Crown of St. Stephen, part of the Hungarian crown jewels, given to American soldiers to prevent them from falling into Soviet hands. The repository also held one of four known copies of Magna Carta, which had been sent for display at the 1939 New York World Fair, and which, when war broke out, was kept in America for the duration. Below the fortress-like structure lies the gold vault, which is lined with granite walls and which is protected by a blast-proof door that weighs 22 tons. No single person is entrusted with the entire combination to the vault. Various members of the Depository staff must dial separate combinations known only to them. Beyond the main vault door, smaller internal cells provide further protection. The facility is ringed with several fences and is under armed guard by officers of the United States Mint Police. The Depository premises are within the site of Fort Knox, a United States Army post, allowing the Army to provide additional protection. The Depository is protected by numerous layers of physical security, alarms, video cameras, armed guards, and the Army units based at Fort Knox, including Apache helicopter gunships of 8/229 Aviation based at Godman Army Airfield, the 16th Cavalry Regiment, training battalions of the United States Army Armor School, and the 3rd Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Infantry Division, totaling over 30,000 soldiers, with associated tanks, armored personnel carriers, attack helicopters, and artillery. [ READ THE REST OF THIS ARTICLE ] wikisnap.com is not affiliated with or endorsed by wikipedia. wikipedia and the wikipedia globe are registered trademarks of wikipedia.org .	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,860	Which New Zealand Rugby player also has a professional boxing record of 7 wins 0 losses and 3 knockouts as a heavyweight professional boxer?	sonny bill williams : definition of sonny bill williams and synonyms of sonny bill williams (English) (30) correct as of 30 July 2012. Sonny William 'Sonny Bill' Williams (born 3 August 1985) is a New Zealand rugby union player, heavyweight boxer and former rugby league player. He is only the second person to represent New Zealand in rugby union after first playing for the country in rugby league. In rugby union he usually plays as a centre . He is particularly known in rugby league and rugby union for his ability to offload the ball in the tackle and, in rugby league, for his shoulder charges . [5] [6] [7] He started his professional rugby league career with the Canterbury Bulldogs in the Australian NRL . In 2008 he controversially left the Bulldogs mid-season to play rugby union with French club Toulon . In 2010 Williams signed with the New Zealand Rugby Union in an ultimately successful bid to play for the All Blacks at the 2011 Rugby World Cup . He played for Canterbury in the 2010 ITM Cup before being selected for the All Blacks' end of year tour in 2010, making his debut against England at Twickenham . He played for the Crusaders in the 2011 season of Super Rugby and plays for the Chiefs in the 2012 Super Rugby season . He was a member of the All Blacks squad that won the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Since 2009 he has boxed five times, winning all five of his heavyweight bouts. He is the current New Zealand Professional Boxing Association (NZPBA) Heavyweight Champion. Contents 10 External links Early life Williams was born on 3 August 1985, in Auckland , New Zealand , the son of John and Lee. [8] He is of Samoan descent on his father's side. [9] He grew up in the Auckland suburb of Mount Albert and attended Owairaka Primary School, [10] Wesley Intermediate and Mount Albert Grammar School . Though his father was an accomplished rugby league player, Williams has said it was his mother who introduced him to the game. [8] Career Rugby league Williams was a Marist Saints junior [11] when he was spotted playing in Auckland by Bulldogs talent scout John Ackland . In 2002 he was offered a contract and moved to Sydney (as the youngest player to ever sign with the Bulldogs) [12] to play in the Bulldogs junior grades. [13] He advanced up the ranks quickly, becoming a starting player in the forward pack for the Bulldogs Jersey Flegg Cup side in his first year. The following year Williams cemented a starting spot in the Premier League side. In 2004 , when only 18 years old, he made his National Rugby League debut against the Parramatta Eels at Telstra Stadium . In 2004, he was selected by New Zealand after only a handful of NRL matches and on 23 April made his debut for the Kiwis as their youngest-ever Test player in the 2004 ANZAC Test against Australia . [12] Williams played 15 NRL premiership matches during the season, firmly establishing himself in the Bulldogs squad. He also experienced Premiership success in his rookie year and became the youngest person to play for the Bulldogs in a Grand Final [12] when playing off the bench in the Bulldogs' 16–13 victory over the Sydney Roosters in the 2004 NRL grand final . Williams capped off a successful debut season by receiving the International Newcomer of the Year Award and being named in Rugby League World magazine's 2004 World XIII. [14] Williams' contract was due to expire in 2005 and he reportedly received several lucrative offers to attempt to lure him away from the Bulldogs, with the largest rumoured to be about $3 million from Super League club St Helens in the UK. [15] Williams decided to stay with the Bulldogs and signed on for a further two years. St Helens chairman Eamonn McManus later said the club had not made an offer to him. [16] Williams playing for the Canterbury Bulldogs. Williams had a shortened 2005 season after sustaining a severe knee injury plus several other minor injuries. Williams only played five games through the year and he subsequently missed several internationals for New Zealand. Williams publicly expressed his frustration, stating "You've got to	Lennox Lewis, Heavyweight Boxing Champion \| Lennox Lewis, Heavyweight Boxing Champion Leave a comment Lennox Claudius Lewis, CM, CBE (born September 2, 1965) is a retired boxer and the most recent undisputed world heavyweight champion. He holds dual British and Canadian citizenship. As an amateur he won gold representing Canada at the 1988 Olympic Games after defeating future heavyweight champion Riddick Bowe in the final. Lewis turned professional in 1989, winning his first 21 fights. In 1992 he knocked out Donovan Ruddock to take over the number one position in the World Boxing Council (WBC) rankings and eventually be declared WBC heavyweight champion in 1993. Lewis lost the title to Oliver McCall in 1994 but defeated McCall in a rematch to win the vacant WBC title in 1997. Lewis went on to defend the title four times, becoming the Lineal Champion after beating Shannon Briggs by KO in 1998. He became undisputed champion after defeating Evander Holyfield in November 1999. After defeating Mike Tyson by KO in 2002 and stopping Vitali Klitschko in 2003, Lennox Lewis retired from boxing in 2004. Throughout his professional career, Lewis suffered two losses, both of which he avenged in rematches, both by knockout. Lewis won the heavyweight championship three times and was the fourth man to reclaim the lineal championship. Lewis is 6 ft 5 in (196 cm) tall and has an 84-inch (213 cm) reach, much longer than average for his height. During his boxing prime, he weighed about 250 pounds (113 kg). Lewis often referred to himself as “the pugilist specialist.” Early lifeLewis was born on September 2, 1965, in West Ham, London, England to Jamaican-born parents.[2] At birth he weighed 10 pounds 10 ounces (4.8 kg), and was given the name Lennox by the doctor, who said he looked like a Lennox.[3] Lewis moved to Kitchener, Ontario, Canada in 1977 at the age of 12. He attended Cameron Heights Collegiate Institute for high school, where he excelled in Canadian football, soccer and basketball.[4] Amateur careerLewis eventually decided that his favourite sport was boxing. He became a dominant amateur boxer and won the world amateur junior title in 1983.[5] At the age of 18, Lewis represented Canada as a super heavyweight at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He advanced to the quarter-finals, where he lost a decision to American Tyrell Biggs, the eventual gold medalist. Lewis chose not to turn professional after the Olympics, and instead fought four more years as an amateur, hoping for a second chance to win a gold medal. After winning several more amateur titles during those years, he travelled to Seoul, South Korea for the 1988 Summer Olympics and achieved his goal. In the gold medal match, Lewis defeated future world champion Riddick Bowe by a second round technical knockout (TKO). Professional boxing careerHaving achieved that goal, Lewis declared himself a professional boxer and moved back to his native England. He claimed he’d always considered himself British,[6][7][8] but many British fans regard him as “a Canadian at heart and a Briton for convenience”, as he had trained only in Canada and the United States and already lived half his life in North America.[9] He signed with the boxing promoter Frank Maloney and the early part of his pro career was filled with knockouts of journeymen. After he signed with American promoter Main Event[citation needed] he captured the European heavyweight title late in 1990 against Frenchman Jean Maurice Chanet. In his next fight in March 1991, Lewis won the British title against the undefeated world ranked Gary Mason, then won the Commonwealth title in April 1992 against Derek Williams. By this time, Lewis was a consensus top-five heavyweight in the world. During this period Lewis defeated former WBA heavyweight champion Mike Weaver, 1984 Olympic Gold medalist Tyrell Biggs, former world cruiserweight title holders Glenn McCrory and Osvaldo Ocasio, and journeymen Levi Billups and Mike Dixon. WBC championOn 31 October 1992, Lewis knocked out Canadian Donovan “Razor” Ruddock in two rounds for the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,861	In what film did the character Vincent Vega played by John Travolta appear?	(Character) - Biography biography (Character) from The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. Warning! This character biography may contain plot spoilers. Visit our Character Biography Help to learn more. Character Biography History Discuss Vincent Vega is a character in Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction, portrayed by John Travolta in an Academy Award-nominated performance. He is the only character to appear in all story lines in the movie (aside from Marsellus Wallace and Mia Wallace). He is the brother of Sadistic Psychopath Vic Vega, a character from Reservoir Dogs remembered for Torturing a Cop for Fun. Vincent is a hitman working for mob boss Marsellus Wallace (Ving Rhames). He is usually partnered with Jules Winnfield (Samuel L. Jackson) when he is ordered to kill someone. Vincent is an "Elvis man": He wears a bola tie with his suit, he has long hair pulled back into a ponytail, and he orders his Douglas Sirk Steak "bloody as hell." Despite being a hitman, Vincent shows some signs of humanity, such as scrupulous loyalty and a general concern for the few people he cares about. He is also a heroin user. He resides in Redondo Beach, as he mentions to Winston Wolfe when Wolf offers him a ride home. Does not Believe in God, Miracles, & is a Hit-Man. Killing a Person for no other Reason then He is the brother of Reservoir Dogs-character Vic Vega, played by Michael Madsen. Page last updated by donniebaseball87871 , 2 years ago	TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? In Living Color. Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? David Schwimmer. What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? Paul McCartney. What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? Paul McCartney. What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? What's My Line? What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? Mission: Impossible. Consumer News and Business Channel. How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? Eight. What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? Dr. Frasier Crane. What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? Phil Hartman. What MAS*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? Alan Alda. What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? The Discovery Channel. What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? John Tesh. What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? Friends. What MTV twosome are known as "The Bad Boys" in Mexico? Beavis and Butt head. What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail "the size of canned hams"? David Letterman. What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? Sesame Street's. What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? Homicide. What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? Tiny Tim's. What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? Night Court. Who once observed: "This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself"? Mr. Ed. What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? Harpo's. Who began his radio shows with: "Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press"? Walter Winchell. What TV star said of his worldwide fame: "I didn't know I could top Knight Rider"? David Hasselhoff. What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? The Cosby Show. Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? Charles Grodin. What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? All in the Family. What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? Donna Abandando. What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? The Smurfs. What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? The Cosby Show. What Muppet advised: "Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift"? Miss Piggy. What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? Walter Cronkite. What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? Felix the Cat. What's the "dimension of imagination, "according to the host of a classic TV series? The Twilight Zone. Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed a role on ER? George Clooney. What 250-pound star of Hairspray shed half her weight to host a TV talk show? Ricki Lake. What Mayberry resident once hijacked a bull when he'd had too much to drink? Otis Campbell. What four-word TV slogan did Sting add to the Dire Straits hit Money for Nothing? "I want my MTV". What Mary Tyler Moore Show character's blue blazer made it into the Smithsonian? Ted Baxter's. Who was a cheerleader for the San Francisco 49ers before she became TV's Lois Lane? Teri Hatcher. What was Redd Foxx's last name before show business beckoned? Sanford. Who's been Saturday Night Live's most frequent host? Steve Martin. What town did Howdy Doody live in? Doodyville. What sitcom star advised: "It's okay to be fat. So you're fat. Just be fat and shut up about it"? Roseanne. What Richard Chamberlain vehicle is second only to Roots in total viewers for a miniseries? The Thorn Birds. What media award was derived from the slang term for the 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,862	On which river is Warsaw?	Vistula River \| Wisla \| Warsaw Life 58 The Wonderful Wisla The longest river in Poland, the Vistula (Wisla) winds its way from the Beskidy mountains of southern Poland, through Krakow and Warsaw and up the the bay in Gdansk to the Baltic Sea. At 1,047 kilometers (678 miles) long and draining an area of 194,424 km (75,067 sq. miles), no wonder the Vistula has become the stuff of Polish legend . While the written history of the Vistula is sketchy at best, speculative at worst, we do know that the origin of the river's name is probably Indo-European, though its current moniker is the Polonized version. In past times, the Vistula used to be connected to the Dnieper River, and through it to the Black Sea, where it was part of the Amber Road, an ancient river trade route from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Today, it's part of the landscape of Poland's most important cities, and while it used to be a point of recreation for Poles young and old, we wouldn't recommend dipping even your toes in it today - the communist era has rendered it as dirty as the Hudson or Thames unfortunately. However, if you really want to explore Poland's mighty river up close, why not take a Vistula cruise , or check out the Vistula River Museum in Gdansk ? Enjoyed it?	European Rivers - Rivers of Europe, Map of Rivers in Europe, Major Rivers in Europe - Worldatlas.com Hundreds of rivers and their tributaries cross the European continent. Here we highlight those over 600 miles in length, and a few others of note. DANUBE Beginning in the Black Forest region of Germany, it flows across central Europe and the countries of Austria, Hungary, Croatia and Yugoslavia. It then forms the border between Romania and Bulgaria, turning north across Romania to eventually end in the Black Sea. It's (1,771 miles) (2,850 km) in length, and one of the most significant commercial waterways on the continent. DNIEPER Rising in the southwestern part of the Russian Federation, it flows generally south through Belarus, then southeast through Ukraine, ending in the Black Sea. Overall it's (1,420 miles) (2,285 km) in length. DON Beginning it the southwestern Russian Federation, to the south of Moscow, it flows southeasterly towards the Volga, then turns abruptly west, ending in the Sea of Azov. Overall it's (1,224 miles) (1,969 km) in length. ELBE Rising in the Czech Republic, the Elbe River then flows north through Germany, ending in the North Sea near Cuxhaven. It's (724 miles) (1,165 km) in length LOIRE Recognized as the longest river in France, the navigable Loire begins in the foothills of the Massif Central, then flows north and west across the heartland of France, finally ending in the Bay of Biscay. It's (634 miles) (1,020 km) in length. ODER Rising in the rugged mountains of the eastern Czech Republic, it flows west and north through south-central Poland, eventually emptying into the Baltic Sea. It's (567 miles) (912 km) in length. PO Italy's longest river begins in the upper reaches of the Alps, flowing west to east across northern Italy, ending in the Adriatic Sea. It's (405 miles) (652 km) in length. RHINE Forming in the mountains of southeastern Switzerland, this legendary river flows west, forming Switzerland's northeastern border with Germany, then runs directly north through western Germany forming part of that country's border with France, then finally dissecting the Netherlands and ending in the North Sea. Numerous tributaries and branches run in all directions, and in overall length is (820 miles) (1,319 km). RHONE Begin high in the Swiss Alps, this fast moving river flows into the eastern end of Lake Geneva, then south through south-eastern France, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. Small branches run in all directions, and in overall length, it's (300 miles) (485 km). SHANNON Rising in northwestern Ireland, it flows south through a series of lakes, then turns west to eventually empty into the Atlantic Ocean. It's 230 miles (370 km) in length. TAGUS The Tagus River rises in the central highlands of Spain, flowing southwest across Portugal, then south to Lisbon and the Atlantic Ocean. It's 626 miles (1,007 km) in length. Volga The Volga is the largest river in European Russia in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. It's 3,692 km (2,294 mi) long	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,863	"Hamlet's thought: ""The play's the thing wherein I'll catch the conscience of ...""?"	No Fear Shakespeare: Hamlet: Act 2, Scene 2, Page 24 No Fear Shakespeare Home → No Fear Shakespeare → Hamlet → Act 2, Scene 2, Page 24 Hamlet May be the devil, and the devil hath power T' assume a pleasing shape. Yea, and perhaps Out of my weakness and my melancholy, As he is very potent with such spirits, Abuses me to damn me. I’ll have grounds More relative than this. The play’s the thing Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king. Murder has no tongue, but miraculously it still finds a way to speak. I’ll have these actors perform something like my father’s murder in front of my uncle. I’ll watch my uncle. I’ll probe his conscience and see if he flinches. If he becomes pale, I know what to do. The ghost I saw may be the devil, and the devil has the power to assume a pleasing disguise, and so he may be taking advantage of my weakness and sadness to bring about my damnation. I need better evidence than the ghost to work with. The play’s the thing to uncover the conscience of the king. Exit	Hamlet Character Essay - 1198 Words Hamlet Character Essay Please sign up to read full document. Text Preview The Troubled Prince: An Analysis of Hamlet “To be, or not to be: That is the question”(3.1.58). This is probably the most famous quote in all of Shakespearean literature and was uttered by the main character, Hamlet, of the play “Hamlet” written by Shakespeare. It demonstrates his instability and suicidal thoughts. Throughout the play he comes off as a very unpredictable and complex character. He makes many rash decisions, but at the same time often takes a lot of time to contemplate many of his choices. Through Hamlet’s language and voice, we can examine what type of character Shakespeare created. Hamlet acts differently towards people in contrast to his actual thoughts, which are projected through his soliloquies. Due to the insanity caused by his father’s death, Hamlet becomes a very complex and surprising character, which is apparent through Hamlet’s actions and words. The feelings presented by Hamlet in his soliloquies gives insight into his forever-troubled mind. A soliloquy is when a character in a play says out loud what they are thinking and nobody in the room can hear it. Throughout this story, the majority of the soliloquies were said by Hamlet, who used them to project his deep emotions and feelings that would have never been spoken to other characters. However, they also demonstrated his insanity. The first of these was near the beginning of the story. Hamlet’s father has just died and his uncle has just married his mother, there is much troubling him. Hamlet says, “O that this too too solid flesh would melt” in the first line of his first soliloquy (1.2.129). This immediately shows how dramatic a character Hamlet is and is an example of how he often uses figurative language to present his emotions. In the same soliloquy he says how his father love his mother so much he prevented the “winds of heaven” from blowing on her too hard (1.2.144). In his most famous soliloquy he begins with, “to be, or not to be” he ironically uses the most basic words... Please sign up to read full document. YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL Essay on Characters in Hamlet ...Hamlet Seminar Discussion Questions Act 1 1. What is the purpose of the two discussions of the crowing of the cock, Horatio’s pagan one (1.1.130-37) and Marcellus’ Christian one (1.1. 138-45)? (1.1.) 2. What is Claudius telling the court in the first part of his speech (1.2.1-16)? What does he say about young Fortinbras and his uncle the king of Norway (1.2.17-41)? How is Claudius responding to the threat? (You may also want to keep in mind that the name “Claudius”... 2007 Words \| 6 Pages Characters in Hamlet Essay ...Quotes: Quote #1: P. 31 (Hamlet I: ii, 129- 132) Quote #1 is spoken by Hamlet. Hamlet was just criticized in public by the king for still being sad about the king’s death two months later. Hamlet tells the audience how he truly feels about his father’s death and his mother’s marriage. He wants to die. He would commit suicide if God wouldn’t have a rule against it. If you commit suicide you go straight to hell. Quote number one is... 930 Words \| 3 Pages Characters in Hamlet Essay ...Essay By Enika-Jevgenia Lauri The theme of love and friendship in Hamlet. ( A-act S-scene ) I find, that ones of the main themes in tragedy ,,Hamlet,, by Shakespeare are love and friendship. Abhorring and treachery neighbour with them , what makes the play so exciting. The whole plot of the work is based upon the Hamlet,s love for his father King Hamlet. Son avenges his murder, goes against the ruler ,risking all. The... 785 Words \| 2 Pages Characters in Hamlet Essay ...William Shakespeare uses various elements, themes and connections between them to present ideas of enduring value in ‘Hamlet. His character development in Hamlet &Claudius and use of dramatic techniques present values in ‘Hamlet’ those of which are timeless. These enduring values include guilt, corruption and life & death. Shakespeare has used various dramatic techniques	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,864	The two best selling singles in 1964 in the UK were by the recently deceased singer Jim Reeves. What were the titles?	DID YOU KNOW? In the years since Leo Jackson's death, the fan club has received fewer requests for unknown or rarely published information and/or stories about Jim Reeves and the people who were associated with him. The 'DID YOU KNOW?' section has been up & running for a similar period and what began as a trivia format, is now much more sophisticated with exclusive world firsts & hitherto unpublished facts & previously unknown information appearing frequently for the entertainment & education of the fans. This continuing series will continue to bring you the very best of Jim Reeves & related historical details which other sites are unaware of. DID YOU KNOW THAT JIM REEVES DID SOME RADIO SPOTS FOR KSTL IN ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI ? Jim Reeves recorded three spots for radio station KSTL in St. Louis, Missouri, one for three shows on 27 May 1956, and two spots to promote the Johnny Rion program. These three spots were issued on a CD with spots by other artists by a record dealer as a Christmas gift for its customers in 2005. We were able to obtain a few hundred copies and included a copy gratis with an issue of the fan club magazine two years later. We have some left for new members of the fan club. These recordings have not been released commercially. DID YOU KNOW THAT JIM REEVES SOMETIMES WAS GREETED WITH A CADILLAC LIMOUSINE WITH LIVERIED CHAUFFEUR? "As Reeves's national acclaim jumped by leaps and bounds, in every city where he stopped men sought to do him honor. Here, on arrival , he is greeted with a Cadillac limousine with liveried chauffeur." Picture and text from the "JIM REEVES - Memorial & Souvenir Photo Album, volume 1". DID YOU KNOW THAT JIM REEVES RECORDED HIS ALBUM "TALL TALES AND SHORT TEMPERS" ON OCTOBER 4 AND 5, 1960? At the recording session on October 4, 1960 from 8.30PM to 11:30PM, Jim recorded THE FOOL'S PARADISE, THE BLIZZARD, THE WRECK OF THE NUMBER NINE, THE LETTER EDGED IN BLACK, and THE TIE THAT BINDS . The next day it took 3 hours to record two songs, which was very unusually long time for Jim. From 2:00PM to 5:00PM Jim recorded DANNY BOY, STREETS OF LAREDO and RODGER YOUNG. Jim recorded the two remaining songs, THE MIGHTY EVERGLADES and IT'S NOTHIN' TO ME in a three hour session in the evening, from 8:30PM to 11:00PM. Chet Atkins was the producer, and the musicians on all three recording sessions were Hank Garland [guitar], John D. Loudermilk [guitar], Velma Smith [guitar], Bob Moore [bass], and Buddy Harman [drums] + vocal chorus. We learned that John D. Loudermilk died on September 21, 2016 at the age of 82. He was not only a talented guitar player but also a songwriter of quite a few classic hit songs such as "A Rose and a Baby Ruth", and "Waterloo. In fan club magazine issue # 86, of September 1996, I wrote a review of a 90 minute Jim Reeves special, broadcasted on BBC radio on August 22nd, 1996. John D. Loudermilk, mentioned he was part of a search party looking for Jim and Dean Manuel and for "a briefcase with very important papers that we didn't want people to see". DID YOU KNOW IN MARCH 1972, MARY REEVES HAD 44 MORE JIM REEVES TRACKS IN THE CAN? PART ONE In the Record Mirror of March 29, 1972, in his COUNTRY STYLE column Tony Byworth wrote about the fanclub meeting of the OFFICIAL JIM REEVES FAN CLUB, held on 11th of March 1972 in the West Kensington's Nashville Room in his column. Gilbert Gibson, a South African songwriter, and in charge of public relations of the movie "Kimberley Jim", the only movie Jim Reeves featured in, told mr. Byworth that he was planning to retire at a cattle ranch at the age of 40. He would not go into the studio anymore but songs would be released from a stockpile of songs he had recorded, which had not been released. At the time of filming the movie "Kimberley Jim" in 1963, there were 39 tracks in the can. Gilbert believed that (at the time of that interview) 44 songs were in the can. DID YOU KNOW JIM REEVES RE-JOINED THE GRAND OLE OPRY IN AUGUST 1959? Did you know that in earl	The UK Number Ones : 1975-1979 Week Ending ACT + Links TITLE Weeks TALLY COMMENT 18 Jan 1975 Status Quo Down Down 1 Only No 1 This famous band of head bangers had 22 Top 10s out of 52 hits between 1968 and 1996, but only this No 1. 25 Jan 1975 Tymes Ms Grace 1 Only No 1 US group that first charted in 1963. They had only two other hits before this No 1. 1 Feb 1975 Pilot January 3 Only No 1 British group whose two follow-ups failed even make the Top 30. 22 Feb 1975 Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel Make Me Smile (Come Up And See Me) 2 Only No 1 They had two Top 10s before this. Harley went solo in 1976 but never made the big time. 8 Mar 1975 Telly Savalas If 2 Only No 1 Actor who starred in the tv cop show "Kojak". He spoke his way through this song by David Gates from Bread. 22 Mar 1975 Bay City Rollers Bye Bye Baby 6 1st No 1 Scottish band that dressed in tartan and built up a fanatical teen following. Best-selling single of 1975. 3 May 1975 Mud Oh Boy 2 3rd & last No 1 Buddy Holly hit from 1958. They had a further 4 Top 10 hits by the end of 1976. 17 May 1975 Tammy Wynette Stand By Your Man 3 Only No 1 Legendary US country music singer for whom this song became a trade mark. 7 Jun 1975 Windsor Davies & Don Estelle Whispering Grass 3 Only No 1 Spin-off from the BBC sitcom " It Ain't Half Hot Mum ". This pair were the stars. 28 Jun 1975 10 CC I'm Not In Love 2 2nd No 1 Classic love song and radio play list favourite. They were major stars of the 1970s. 12 Jul 1975 Johnny Nash Tears On My Pillow 1 Only No 1 Texan who specialised in soft reggae arrangements, and had much success in the UK. 19 Jul 1975 Bay City Rollers Give A Little Love 3 2nd & last No 1 "Rollermania" had been coined by this time, but by mid-77, it was all over. 9 Aug 1975 Typically Tropical Barbados 1 Only No 1 Two recording engineers created this reggae dance hit, but became One-hit Wonders. The song, with new words and title made No 1 again in 1999. 16 Aug 1975 Stylistics Can't Give You Anything (But My Love) 3 Only No 1 Philadelphian satin soul group who charmed the UK with a succession of smooth ballads. 6 Sep 1975 Rod Stewart Sailing 4 3rd No 1 One of his classic anthems, which returned to No 3 the following year, after use in a tv documentary series. 4 Oct 1975 David Essex Hold Me Close 3 2nd & last No 1 He was at the height of his popularity at this time. In the 1980s he concentrated on stage musicals. 25 Oct 1975 Art Garfunkel I Only Have Eyes For You 2 1st No 1 Having separated from Paul Simon, he recorded mostly MOR standards. 8 Nov 1975 David Bowie Space Oddity 2 1st No 1 He made No 5 with this in 1969. Rick Wakeman provides synthesiser backing. 22 Nov 1975 Billy Connolly D.I.V.O.R.C.E. 1 Only No 1 Scottish comedian who made this parody of a Tammy Wynette hit. 29 Nov 1975 Xmas No 1 Queen Bohemian Rhapsody 9 1st No 1 All-time classic which was accompanied by a video, and was the first No 1 to benefit from tv exposure. In 1991, the record was back at No 1. 31 Jan 1976 Abba Mamma Mia 2 2nd No 1 Two years after their first No 1 they were back, and their careers took off. 14 Feb 1976 Slik Forever And Ever 1 Only No 1 Scots band led by Midge Ure . He went on to groups Visage and Ultravox , but his next No 1 was solo in 1985. 21 Feb 1976 Four Seasons December '63 2 Only No 1 Major 60s act, with falsetto vocalist, Frankie Valli, who made a strong return in the 70s with the band and solo. 6 Mar 1976 Tina Charles I Love To Love 3 Only No 1 She once recorded budget cover versions and was in band 5000 Volts. Solo, she had two other Top 10 hits. 27 Mar 1976 Brotherhood Of Man Save Your Kisses For Me 6 1st No 1 UK Eurovision winner, which shot them to stardom for a couple of years. Best-selling single of 1976. 8 May 1976 Abba Fernando 4 3rd No 1 The momentum was now picking up - Abbamania began. 5 Jun 1976 J J Barrie No Charge 1 Only No 1 Slushy, sentimentality from the Canadian. Female vocals are by Vicky Brown, late wife of 60s' rocker Joe Brown . 12 Jun	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,865	In 2009, Michael Perham, at the age of 17 years and 164 days, became the youngest person to do what?	5 teens who have sailed around the world solo \| MNN - Mother Nature Network MNN.com > Lifestyle > Eco-Tourism 5 teens who have sailed around the world solo These young sailors braved months at sea (and in one case, a fight against the government) in pursuit of a dream. 65 AHOY: On Jan. 21, Laura Dekker became the youngest person to circumnavigate the globe alone. (Photo: Agence France-Presse) The first people to sail a ship around the world were the handful of survivors of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, which was completed in 1522. Joshua Slocum set the record for the first solo trip around the world on his boat Spray in 1898. Since then, circumnavigation has become a badge of honor with sailors chasing the dream of taking certain routes and completing the journey in the least amount of time. Most people who even think about steering a boat around the world by themselves via [skipwords]wind power[/skipwords] have many years, sometimes decades, of sailing experience under their belts. But for every 10 gray-haired circumnavigators there's one teenager willing to risk his or her life for the thrill of the ultimate adventure. The governing body of around-the-world sailing, the World Sailing Speed Record Council , no longer recognizes the category of youngest (or oldest, or any other "human condition category") to sail around the world for two reasons: "Almost anyone would be able to claim a record of some sort," and "the verification of age/disability/marital status etc. is a less exact science" than monitoring and ratifying speed/time records. Even still, teen sailors continue to make the trip, content to simply be known as the youngest person to sail solo around the planet. Here's the story behind the adventurers 18 years old and younger who have completed the trip. David Dicks Photo: Greg Wood/Getty Images David Dicks set out on his trip in February 1996 from Fremantle, Australia, on a 34-foot boat named Seaflight. He spent the next nine months fighting his way through bad weather (four-story-high waves!), mechanical breakdowns and food poisoning, overcoming each challenge to grab the unofficial record for a solo, nonstop assisted circumnavigation. Unfortunately David lost the chance to claim his voyage as non-assisted when he accepted a bolt from the British Royal Navy mid-ocean to complete a repair vital to his continued efforts. Nevertheless, David, who was 18 when he completed his journey in November 1996, was hailed a hero in his native Australia. * Jesse Martin Photo: jessemartin.net Though Australian Jesse Martin was a couple of weeks older than David Dicks when he completed his trip around the world in 1999, he grabbed the spot as the youngest person to sail around the world nonstop, unassisted and solo by avoiding taking help of the kind that David was forced to take. Jesse made his trip in his 34-foot boat, Lionheart-Mistral, documenting his journey in the book "Lionheart: A Journey of the Human Spirit." He traveled 27,000 nautical miles from December 1998 to October 1999, and was the impetus behind the World Sailing Speed Record Council discontinuing recognition for the youngest sailor to make a circumnavigation. * Zac Sunderland Photo: Hans Gutknecht/ZUMA Press In 2009, Zac Sunderland became the first person younger than 18 to sail solo around the world when he successfully completed his 13-month trip in Intrepid, the 36-foot boat he bought with $6,500 that he had saved up from after-school jobs. (He completed his trip without any major corporate sponsorship.) The California native set out on his trip in June 2008 when he was still 16 and finished in July 2009 before he became legally eligible to vote. He snatched the now-unrecognized record of youngest circumnavigator from Jesse Martin and held it for all of six weeks before losing it to 17-year-old English sailor Michael Perham, who was a few months younger when he completed his trip. (Zac's sister Abby attempted the same feat in January 2010 but was thwarted more than halfway through her quest when the mast of her boat Wild Eyes collapsed in heavy sea	Oodles Of Fun: April 2010 Oodles Of Fun Are You Using Your nOodle? Pages Question of the Day - On this day in 1931, what 102-story, 1,046-foot building was dedicated in New York City? Empire State Building Bon Jovi sang "You Give Love a ____ Name". Bad Bing Crosby's real name was: Harry Which is the only Marx Brothers film to feature on the AFI's top 100? Duck Soup The Broadway show Movin' Out featured the songs of: Billy Joel The tagline "Die Harder" comes from which 1990 movie? Die Hard 2 Which film has the line, "I can't have a baby, because I have a 12:30 lunch meeting"? Baby Boom In An Affair to Remember, where did the lovers decide to meet six months later? New York Where do the scientists first find a mysterious monolith, in 2001: A Space Odyssey? The Moon Which actress stars in the film Mean Girls? Lindsay Lohan This horror classic is called: Invasion of the Body ________. Snatchers Whose real name is Eric Bishop? Jamie Foxx Who said: "Whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done"? George W. Bush Bruce Springsteen says "Everybody's got ________". A hungry heart Who had the 1976 hit: "Play That Funky Music"? Wild Cherry Al Pacino and Matthew McConaughey starred in: Two for the Money In the "Rock DJ" video, what former Take That singer literally sheds layers of clothes and layers of flesh? Robbie Williams Which film is a love story between the King of Siam and a British schoolteacher? Anna and the King What former star of Broadway's Annie married Matthew Broderick, who starred in The Producers? Sarah Jessica Parker What was the last Beatles' album to be recorded before the band's split? Abbey Road Which actress' father is well-known actor Jon Voight? Angelina Jolie What was the name of Herman's wife on The Munsters? Lily On the TV series Heroes, the character Hiro Nakamura is able to: Stop time The music to the U.S. Navy song "Anchors Aweigh" was written by: Charles Zimmerman Talk show host Rosie O'Donnell changed hats to play which narrating character in "Seussical the Musical"? The Cat in the Hat All members of The Monkees have what same color of eyes? Brown The tagline, "Resistance is Futile", comes from which 1996 movie? Star Trek: First Contact One of the longest movie song titles, as sung by Julie Andrews in Mary Poppins, was: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" Who played Truman Capote in Capote? Philip Seymour Hoffman Which Scottish actor voiced a dragon called Draco in the movie Dragon Heart? Sean Connery Question of the Day - Willie Nelson turns 77 today. What is NOT one of his songs? Hit the Road, Jack Which character sings "Over the Rainbow" in The Wizard of Oz? Dorothy Finish this line from The Godfather: "Leave the gun. Take _________". The cannoli Name the ship commanded by Russell Crowe in Master and Commander. HMS Surprise In which of the Rocky movies was the statue of Rocky unveiled? Rocky III Where was the character Elijah Prince, aka "Mr. Glass", from Unbreakable born? A department store Who sang "When You Wish upon a Star" in the 1940 Walt Disney film Pinocchio? Jiminy Cricket What was the name of the woman Dustin Hoffman played in Tootsie? Dorothy Michaels What comedian actress shared Steve Martin's body in All of Me? Lily Tomlin Who played Starsky in the film Starsky and Hutch? Ben Stiller In 1995, what Irish New Age musician released the album The Memory of Trees? Enya Which best describes Kiefer Sutherland? Agent Jack Bauer on 24 Which Beatle sang "My Sweet Lord"? George Harrison In which movie does Kevin Bacon discover the secret of invisibility? Hollow Man Antonin Dvorak's most famous symphony is known as Z Noveho Sveta in his native language. What do we call it? From the New World Which actor played the monster in the original film of Frankenstein? Boris Karloff The movies Courage Under Fire and A Soldier's Story featured which actor? Denzel Washington Angela Lansbury was in which movie? Bedknobs and Broomsticks What film is showing at the Bedford Falls theater at the end of It's A Wonderful Life? The Bells of St. Mary's What sport is pla	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,866	"What philosopher is credited with the phrase ""I think therefore I am""?"	"I Think, Therefore I am" Confused: What does this Phrase Mean? - Unenlightened English by centrelli We have all heard this phrase in some form or another but even when I, myself, tried typing this little sentence into google to see what would come up, I was surprised to see that no one could give an explanation that wasn’t lengthy or straightforward. So I’m going to try my hand at explaining this classic statement. Who said it? Rene Descartes is the man credited to these few words. The quote, originally written in french, comes from The Discourse on Method, but also appears written as the famous Latin, “Cogito ergo sum,” in his Meditations on First Philosophy, which was an attempt to find foundational truths for knowledge. The book contains six meditations that attempt to discover what is real by first doubting absolutely everything and starting from scratch. In this way, Descartes starts at the bottom and works his way up into believing in the existence of worldly things. What else do I need to know? In the First Meditations Descartes explains why he can call his beliefs into doubt, since his beliefs have deceived him before — I think we can all relate to one experience where our beliefs have been totally wrong and we feel the way old Descartes feels here. He argues that perhaps he is currently dreaming or that God is actually a deceiving demon, or that he is simply crazy. This gives him reason to be skeptical of all his beliefs, which leads us into the Second Meditations. Here is where he convinces himself that nothing of the world is real. He essentially disbelieves everything that can possibly be called into question and whittles existence down into nothing. Then, he says as follows: I have convinced myself that there is nothing in the world — no sky, no earth, no minds, no bodies. Doesn’t it follow that I don’t exist? No, surely I must exist if it’s me who is convinced of something. But there is a deceiver, supremely powerful and cunning whose aim is to see that I am always deceived. But surely I exist, if I am deceived. Let him deceive me all he can, he will never make it the case that I am nothing while I think that I am something. Thus having fully weighed every consideration, I must finally conclude that the statement “I am, I exist” must be true whenever I state it or mentally consider it. (Descartes, Meditation II: On the Nature of the Human Mind, Which Is Better Known Than the Body). Wait a minute, Where’s the quote!? It’s there, trust me! “I am, I exist,” is used here by Descartes to express the same thing. Meditation II is often called the cogitio for the reason that the words “I think, therefore I am,” can readily be explained with this passage. Essentialy, “I think, therefore I am” and “I am, I exist,” mean the same thing. Okay, So what does it mean? If you read the above quote from the Meditation II you see that Descartes has disproved everything that he is used to believing in. When there’s nothing left he still is left with himself and nothing else. Regardless of whether or not he is being deceived by some demon or his beliefs are wrong, he is able to see that even if he has the ability to doubt something he must be existing to even doubt it in the first place. The fact that he can think is what assures himself of his own existence, and a deceiving god cannot negate that. From this point on, Descartes can continue in his examination of reality without worry that he is by all means existing. Conclusion “I Think, Therefore I am” is used in most intro classes to gets across the real meaning of what the cogito (Meditation II) means — A deceiver can’t deceive me of my existence, for if he were I wouldn’t exist! Although, the true quote comes from Descartes Discourse on Method, it is easier to explain it with this example. The Meditations on First Philosophy is a wonderful piece of literature that’s extremely interesting for anyone to read. If anything I said in this post sparks your interest, then I suggest you read this whole thing through yourself. That’s all for now, I hope you all now have a bette	Quotes Uncovered: Death and Taxes - Freakonomics Freakonomics Quotes Uncovered: Death and Taxes February 17, 2011 @ 1:30pm I’m back to inviting readers to submit quotations whose origins they want me to try to trace, using my book, The Yale Book of Quotations , and my more recent research. Ewout asked: Who was the first to say these famous words: “Nothing is certain except for death and taxes.” Some sources mention Ben Franklin, others say Mark Twain or Daniel Defoe. Thanks! This is usually attributed to Benjamin Franklin, who wrote in a 1789 letter that “Our new Constitution is now established, and has an appearance that promises permanency; but in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes.” However, The Yale Book of Quotations quotes “‘Tis impossible to be sure of any thing but Death and Taxes,” from Christopher Bullock, The Cobler of Preston (1716). The YBQ also quotes “Death and Taxes, they are certain,” from Edward Ward, The Dancing Devils (1724). Do any readers have any other quotations whose origins they would like me to attempt to trace? Ben Ramsey February 17, 2011 @ 6:47pm Where does the quote "A coward dies a thousand deaths, a hero but only one" come from? Sam Adams sounds like Tennyson to me, we'll see how the expert responds... Don Rodriguez "Death and Taxes", or, in other words, "Freud and Marx". = "The only two certainties in life are Freud and Marx." Leland G February 17, 2011 @ 7:54pm The internets seem to attribute the following quote to Einstein: "The intuitive mind is a sacred gift and the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created a society that honors the servant and has forgotten the gift." But I can't find ANY specific citation for it - not from Einstein's writings or a lecture/appearance, etc. It seems to have appeared out of thin air sometime in the late 90s. Any idea whence it comes? Joshua Northey February 17, 2011 @ 7:57pm What is with the strange fixation with written citations? I realize that allows you to have a point of reference, which is nice, but isn't it clear from the historical record that a huge number of these famous quips were already circulating before pen was put to paper? JimFive February 17, 2011 @ 8:47pm Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act II, Scene 2: "Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once." -- Drew February 18, 2011 @ 12:07am Was "Statistics are like ladies of the night...Once laid out you can do anything with them." really Mark Twain? Eric M. Jones February 18, 2011 @ 12:55am @4- Leland G I'll bet Albert Einstein never said such a thing. Furthermore until the year 2000 (and beyond) Google Books says he never said it either. Marcus Bruté February 18, 2011 @ 1:26am How about "the _____ from Hell" (e.g. "the mother-in-law from Hell")? Was Richard Lewis really the first to use the expression? John Torrey February 18, 2011 @ 4:34am A review of a movie or play: "When it wasn't putting me to sleep it was keeping me awake." CaÃ±ada Kid February 18, 2011 @ 7:12am "Home is where the heart is." I've not put much research into this one, but ever since you located my quote's origin (If at first you don't succeed...) I have been hearing this one bounce around, from books and novels to friends and family members. Thanks! Casey February 18, 2011 @ 1:38pm I agree with the quote "Nothing is certain except for death and taxes." Everyone one dies, but not everyone lives. No matter what, you will always have to pay taxes. There will never be a time where this won't occur. Eric M. Jones February 18, 2011 @ 2:00pm @11- CaÃ±ada Kid: "Home is where the heart is" seems to have arisen almost spontaneously in 1847. But my guess is it could be found as latin engraved on some Roman doorway or such. It would be easy to believe that this kind of motto is a translation from Latin or Spanish or Yiddish. One also has to wonder about the hearth-heart similarity. Duncan Miller February 18, 2011 @ 4:56pm "Let's blow this popsicle stand" I had heard something about it pertaining to a Jamaican man in the 40s storing radioactiv	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,867	What is the name for a blood-sucking monster common in Mexican folklore?	Texas' Blood-Sucking Monster Vallarta Living \| Art Talk \| March 2006 Texas' Blood-Sucking Monster Joy Victory - ABC News "The Harvest" by artist Carlos Gomez features El Chupacabra, a monster rumored to feed on livestock along the U.S.-Mexico border. Gomez recently created a series of works about the creature. (Carlos G. Gomez) In south Texas, its frightening name resurfaces in the news every few months - especially after another neighborhood pet or farm animal mysteriously dies. "El Chupacabra," they say, "is back." Parents are cautious, warning their children to stay inside at night or risk a face-to-fang encounter with the chupacabra - a red-eyed, spiky-haired, blood-sucking creature with a green-blue tint to its hide. The chupacabra haunts the minds of the residents in La Frontera, the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. Here, an amalgamation of cultures blend, represented by Gulf shrimp tacos, polka-inspired Tejano music, and young, white girls who also hold quinceneras, the Mexican teen rite-of-passage celebration. Amid this mostly peaceful cultural mishmash, the chupacabra - translates to goat-sucker - replaces the boogeyman. Rumored to be originally of Puerto Rican folklore, the chupacabra and its reign spread to Central America in the '80s and '90s, and has moved northward through Mexico and Texas, where it has quickly been embraced and has lately been portrayed in artwork and film. Is It Real? Like other mythic monsters, the chupacabra has its believers - just ask www.elchupacabra.com Webmaster and science-fiction buff Dave Pettis. "I just believe there can be something out there like that," said Pettis, who lives in Northern California. "I don't think every animal in the world has been classified." Pettis said he gets lots of e-mails from people. Some are curious about the creature, while others want to submit their own sightings. "Some people think it's some [lab] experiment that escaped, but other people think it's some animal that's been around for a long time, like in South America. The clearing of the rain forests has made it come out," he said. The Mexican Boogeyman It's these sorts of theories that make anthropologist Tony Zavaleta chuckle. He loves the chupacabra myth, but it's for different reasons. It's simply a great part of Mexican-American folklore, he said. While the chupacabra is by far the most popular myth, it is just one of several indigenous monsterlike creatures. There's also El Cucuy, or a small humanlike demon that also goes after kids at night. "It's so universal. ï¿½ Every group of people, regardless of where they are, they have what I define or describe as the boogeyman - the story you use to keep children in line and inside at night," said Zavaleta, a professor and vice president for external affairs at the University of Texas at Brownsville. Zavaleta's favorite encounter with the chupacabra came while walking through Mexico City a few years ago. He spotted a mask for sale - one that looked partly like a chupacabra and partly like the Mexico president at that time. He had to laugh. "It's the metaphor for the evil president: the blood sucker," he said. The Whimsical Monster High in the mountains of northern Mexico, not far from the Texas border, many of the farmers do not laugh about the chupacabra, said artist and fellow Texas professor Carlos Gomez. There, the chupacabra is blamed for killing cattle and other livestock. While traveling around the El Cielo cloud forest a few years ago, he tried to joke with the locals about the blood-sucking monster. He received a cool response. "There had been some sightings. People were panicking," he said. "Their livestock is their livelihood. They really depend on that." His trip inspired him to create a recent set of paintings about the chupacabra. Instead of portraying it as a monster, he took a whimsical approach, defying local perceptions. "Some are old. Some are young and showboating," he said. "Some are blue with red moles, or red with freckles." A Cult Favorite Henry Serrato, who works for a south Texas television station and is an amateur filmmaker,	1511st (2) by Mike Hall (page 23) - issuu issuu IN THE KNOW INTERACTIVE Trivia Quiz If you think you’ve got what it takes to beat our monthly brain buster, take our quiz and prove your intellectual talents! 1 What code name was given to Nazi Germany's plan to invade Britain during the Second World War? 11 12 Which country only switched to the modern Gregorian Calendar on January 1, 1927? Olibanum is the Medieval Latin alternative English word for which Biblical aromatic resin? The splanchnocranium refers to the bones of which defining part of the human body? 13 Which city, mythically founded by a twin saved by a shewolf, was built on the seven hills, east of the River Tiber called Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Palatine, Quirinal and Viminal? 3 Used to measure the height of horses, how many inches are there in one hand? 14 On which Mediterranean island is the famous nightlife holiday resort of Magaluf? 4 5 Apiphobia is the fear of what creatures? What are metal rope-fixings on a boat and cyclist's shoes? Occurring twice yearly, what name is given to a day consisting of twelve hours of daylight and twelve hours of darkness? 6 Which country is the natural habitat of the emu? 16 How many times does the second-hand of a clockwork clock 'tick' (move) while the hour hand completes one full rotation? 7 8 17 What's the common technical term for the removal of a president from office, due to wrongdoing? How many hurdles are there in a 400 metres hurdles race? 18 Which famous corporate logo changed to a flat colour/colour sans serif font in its first major change since 1999? K'ung Futse (Venerated Master Kong) is better known as which major philosopher and religious founder? 9 19 Japan's NTT DoCoMo mobile phone company developed which texting icon 'pictograph' series, Japanese for 'picture' and 'character'? 20 The flags of China, Japan, Argentina, Uruguay, Greenland and Bangladesh share what common feature? 1. Operation Sea Lion. 2. Turkey. 3. Four. 4. Bees. 5. Equinox. 6. Australia. 7. Ten. 8. Google. 9. Emoji. 10. Geronimo. 11. Frankincense. 12. Face. 13. Rome. 14. Majorca. 15. Cleats. 16. 43,200 (12 hours x 60 minutes x 60 second 'ticks'). 17. Impeachment. 18. Confucius. 19. Mexico City. 20. Sun. Answers: 10 What Native American Apache Indian chief 's name became an exclamation of exhilaration? What's the largest capital city without a river, and also the oldest capital of its continent? November15 TalkMagazine	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,868	"Who wrote the fantasy book ""Puck of Pook's"" Hill published in 1906?"	Puck of Pook's Hill : Rudyard Kipling : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive Topics librivox , audiobook , puck , children , short stories , LibriVox recording of Puck of Pook's Hill, by Rudyard Kipling. Read by icyjumbo (1964-2010). Puck of Pook's Hill is a children's book by Rudyard Kipling, published in 1906, containing a series of short stories set in different periods of history. The stories are all told to two children living near Pevensey by people magically plucked out of history by Puck. (Summary from Wikipedia) For further information, including links to online text, reader information, RSS feeds, CD cover or other formats (if available), please go to the LibriVox catalog page for this recording. For more free audio books or to become a volunteer reader, visit LibriVox.org . Reviewer: Scott S. Lawton - favoritefavoritefavoritefavorite - March 1, 2012 Subject: interesting set of short stories Very nicely read by icyjumbo (1964-2010); see his Librivox page for more: https://catalog.librivox.org/people_public.php?peopleid=1938 An enjoyable set of mini adventures that also convey some history. Personally I would skip the poems that introduce each chapter, but that probably says more about me than about the book... Also: much to my disappointment, Kipling's "sequel" (Rewards and Fairies) didn't measure up at all. Reviewer: katknit - favoritefavoritefavoritefavorite - August 11, 2009 Subject: Fanciful yet factual With all the renewed interest in fantasy over the past decade, the 102 year old historical fantasy, Puck of Pook's Hill, deserves consideration. Two early 20th century children, living in Pevensey, England, have a chance encounter with the legendary Puck, who undertakes to bring them a series of first hand accounts of the history of their region. Puck introduces them to eye witnesses to such events as the Norman Conquest, the waning of the Roman occupation, and the dissolution of the monasteries. As the historic individuals relate their tales, they are suitable impressed with the children's abilities to resolve some of the mysteries that were not understood in their times. The selections of Kipling's poetry that accompany each chapter are related thematically, and pleasingly rhythmic. Recommended for grade level 4 and up through adults. DOWNLOAD OPTIONS	Free Flashcards about GK 3 Semantics is the branch of logic concerned with what? Meaning Which Northumberland castle, located between Craster and Embleton, is closely associated with the legend of Guy the Seeker? Dunstanburgh Castle Whose poem is "The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket"? Robert Powell Which poem did Milton write about the drowned fellow poet Edward King? Lycidas What was England's second-largest and second-most commercially important city for the bulk of the 14th century? Norwich Which sea battle was fought on 24 June 1340 as one of the opening salvoes of the 100 Years War? Sluys In which county are Chipchase and Belsay Castles? Northumberland In England, often associated with the wool trade, what European historiography term refers to the entire medieval system of trade and its taxation? Staple The narrator of Anthony Burgess's 'Earthly Powers' is generally held to have been a lampoon or caricature of which real-life author? W Somerset Maugham Maria Edgeworth is a character in which literary work? Castle Rackrent In which play does the line "to thine own self be true" appear? Hamlet In which Graham Greene novel is Scobie a character? The Heart of The Matter Paul Morel is the protagonist of which novel? Sons and Lovers Gerald Crich appears in which DH Lawrence novel? Women In Love Stephen Blackpool is the hero of which Dickens work? Hard Times Which fictitious Northern city is scene of much of the action in 'Hard Times'? Coketown In which novel is Paul Pennyfeather a character? Decline and Fall (Waugh_ In which century was the Sorbonne founded? 13th (1253) Dorothea Brooke appears in which classic novel? Middlemarch In a church, what is the chancel? The space around the altar at the liturgical East end of a church. Give a year in the reign of Philip II (Phillipe Auguste) of France. 1180-1223 Which perfume house introduced the 'Gentleman' brand in 1974? Givenchy Which word can refer to a bomber aircraft, a radio call sign and the Z-Cars code-name? Victor What was Eleanor Thornton the model for in 1911? The Spirit of Ecstasy Liverworts and green leaves are both rich in which vitamin group, including retinol, retinal, retinoic acid? Vitamin A Which Englishman designed the first modern steam turbine in 1884? Parsons Which foodstuff is prepared from Hydrocarbon toluene? Saccharine Which company made the 'Forester' car model? Subaru Which American first used the term 'torpedo' for a naval explosive? Fulton Which element is atomic number 9? Fluorine Highland Dirks and Stilettos are both types of what? Daggers Fish-oils and egg yolk are both rich in which Vitamin? Vitamin D Plasterers and Diggers are both types of what sort of insect? Wasps How long is a vicennial? Every 20 years What name is given to a female badger? Sow If a male cat is a tom, what is a female? Queen A musquash fur comes from which animal? Musk Rat What was unusual about the UK Nobel Prize Winner stamps issued in 2001? Scented What type of animals are cervidae? Deer The first UK self-adhesive stamps depicted what? Cats Gypsum is more correctly known by what chemical name? Hydrated calcium sulphate What is the chemical symbol of promethium? Pm Which Miletus-born Presocratic philosopher is sometimes called 'The Father of Science'? Thales The quagga is a subspecies of which animal? Zebra Which class of subatomic particles is named from the Greek for 'heavy'? Baryons Which Ancient Greek astronomer both discovered the precession of the equinoxes, and may have compiled the first star catalogue? Hipparchus Which kitchen appliance did Denis Papin introduce in 1679? Pressure Cooker Which vitamin deficiency causes beri-beri? B1 Which class of subatomic articles is named from the Greek for 'thick'? Hadrons In which year were self-adhesive stamps introduced to the UK? 2001 Which type of creature has the largest brain relative to body size yet known? Ant Asparagus, leeks and tulips are all part of which plant family? Lily Archangel and Havana Brown are both breeds of what animal? Cat Which mathematician is (possibly fancifully) often credited with inventing roul	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,869	A young man and woman sitting back-to-back is the logo of which company?	Kappa Sportswear - Home Kappa Sportswear INTRODUCING OUR NEWEST ADD! BREAKING: KAPPA TRACK SUITS COMING BACK! In early 2013, we are rolling out the very famous Kappa Tracksuits again! As they were a once one of our most prominent and succesful pieces, we have decided that by bringing them back would make our followers extremely happy! INTRODUCING OUR NEWEST ADDITION TO OUR LINE: "KAP'S BACK" BLAZER! AS A WAY TO INTRODUCE THE OPENING OF OUR NEW SITE, WE ARE INTRODUCING THE NEWEST ADDITION TO THE KAPPA CLOTHING LINE, "KAP'S BACK" BLAZER! CONTINUE COMING BACK TO OUR SITE AND WE WILL KEEP YOU FOCUSED ON THE RELEASE DATE OF THIS PRODUCT! History Of Kappa Kappa® was founded as a sock and underwear company in Turin, Italy, in 1916. The Kappa® brand became officially registered in 1967, yet it did not feature the current and infamous Omini logo, the silhouette of a man (left) and woman (right) sitting back-to-back in the nude, until two years later. Kappa® became a brand dedicated to sportswear and technical sports gear in 1968 and has since been a Top 10 Global Sports Brand. In 1979, the brand (formerly Robe di Kappa Sport) sponsored a sporting association, Juventus Football Club, for the first time. In the years and decades to follow, Kappa sponsored some of the world’s top football teams such as A.C. Milan, F.C. Barcelona and the Italian National team for the UEFA Euro Cup in 2000. The brand gained popularity five years later during the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, when the American Track and Field Team wore Kappa® sportswear and took home a grand total of 50 medals; 26 gold, 15 silver and nine bronze. Today, Kappa® is the sponsor of associations such as the famous football teams A.S. Roma, Fulham F.C., the Jamaican National football team and many others. Kappa® has not limited its sponsorships to football clubs around the world, but also sponsors reputable rugby, baskeyball, volleyball, rally, skiing, golf, fencing and martial arts teams, as well as many sports federations. Kappa® is unique because we possess characterists such as being nonconformist, flexible, competent, coloured and Italian. Kappa® is truly a global brand that is available in over 120 countries. MEN Kappa's male clothing has had a major impact all around the world. Our clothing line has many different styles which have had major success all around the world. These styles include pur famous tracksuits, which is our biggest seller worldwide, jersey's from teams which our company sponsor, and our very stylish shoes, ranging from regular, everyday shoes, and cleats. WOMEN Not only is our clothing for women comfy, it is also stylish in every way. Just like the men's clothing, it has made an impact all over the world. Women in countries like Canada, United States and Italy have been wearing the many different styles Kappa has to offer. Styles include the famous tracksuits, the beautiful t-shirts and polos, and shoes which are very chic. KIDS Kappa's clothing for children is all about making you're child look as adorable and stylish as possible. Becasue we at Kappa care about how you feel while wearing our clothing, we make sure that our clothing is as comfortable as possible, especially for the toddlers. Create a free website	DKNY - Official Site and Online Store I want to receive DKNY news. Back to login Forgot password Go back icon Please enter the email address you registered with, and we will send you a link to reset your password. Email Address	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,870	Which family of birds has species called Little, Common and Glaucous?	The RSPB: Browse bird families: Gulls Browse bird families Image: Graham Catley Small to large seabirds, many of which also live inland for at least part of the year; some are strictly marine. Most are grey, black and white when fully mature, but extensively marked with various shades of brown during from one to four years of immaturity. They have long, slim wings and can fly exceptionally well, but also strong legs, which give them reasonably good mobility on the ground. They swim buoyantly and often resort to water to roost at night. There are many other gulls around the world that do not visit the UK.	Identify a bird seen in British Columbia by color Fulvous Whistling-Duck Fulvous Whistling-Duck: Large, long-legged, long-necked duck with dark brown back and white V-shaped rump patch. Head and underparts are buff to cinnamon with white throat and vent. The white-edged side and flank feathers form a striking border between sides and back. Tail is black with white undertail coverts. Emperor Goose Emperor Goose: This small goose has slate-gray plumage that is subtly barred in white and black. It has a white head and hindneck, a dark foreneck, a short pink bill, and a white tail with black under tail coverts. The legs are bright yellow-orange. It feeds on plants, crustaceans and mollusks. It has a direct flight with rapid wing beats. The sexes are similar, with the female slightly smaller. Ross's Goose Ross's Goose: Small, white goose with black primary feathers and stubby gray-based red-orange bill. Red-orange legs and feet. Eats mostly fresh grasses and grains, often in the company of Snow Geese. Rapid direct flight with strong wing beats. Flies in a V formation. North America's smallest goose. American Black Duck American Black Duck: Stocky, medium-sized dabbling duck with dark brown body, paler face and foreneck, and purple speculum bordered with black. Head is finely streaked; dark eyestripe is distinct. White underwings contrast with dark brown body in flight. Legs, feet are orange. Swift direct flight. Garganey Garganey: This small dabbling duck has black-streaked, gray upperparts, chestnut-brown mottled face and breast, pale gray flanks, and a white stripe above the eye that runs down the neck. The wings have pale blue shoulder patches and a dark green speculum with white borders visible in flight. Fast direct flight with rapid wing beats. Diet includes aquatic invertebrates. Baikal Teal Baikal Teal: Small dabbling duck, head pattern of pale brown, green, white, and black. Pink breast has dark spots, flanks are gray bordered with vertical white stripes, scapulars are brown, black, and white. Wing speculum is green with buff upper and white lower border. Black undertail coverts. Steller's Eider Steller's Eider: Small eider with black back and collar, white sides, buff-brown underparts with small but distinct black spot on side. White head has a dark tuft, black eye patch and chin. Wings are white with black primaries and a white-bordered blue speculum. Blue-gray bill, legs and feet. Spectacled Eider Spectacled Eider: Smallest of the Eiders, has orange bill, white upperparts, black underparts, breast, sides, black pointed tail, yellow-green head and large white "goggles" bordered with black. White feathers on the upper mandible extend past nostril. Rapid direct flight in straight line formation. King Eider King Eider: Large diving duck with black body and white breast, back. The crown and nape are pale blue; distinct bill is orange-red, sweeping upward into a large, orange basal knob outlined in black. Wings are black with large white patches visible in flight. Tail has white patches at the base. Common Eider Common Eider: Large diving duck (v-nigrum), with distinctive sloping forehead, black body, white breast and back. Crown is black and nape is pale green. Wings are white with black primary and secondary feathers. Tail and rump are black. Bill is dull yellow to gray-green (eastern) or orange-yellow (western). Smew Smew: Small merganser, mostly white body except for black back, mask, breast bar, and V-shaped nape patch. Wings are dark with large white patches. Gray legs, feet. Feeds on fish, aquatic insects, and their larvae. Swift direct flight with rapid wing beats. Flies in straight line or V formation. Mountain Quail Mountain Quail: Large,striking quail with long elegant black head plume, white-bordered rufous-brown face and throat, gray-brown upperparts, blue-gray breast, and rufous-brown belly and sides with distinct white bars. Rapid direct flight, series of several stiff wing beats followed by a short glide. Northern Bobwhite Northern Bobwhite: Medium, morphologically variable quail, most with unique head p	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,871	In Australian slang what is a sanga	Dictionary of Australian Slang Dictionary of Australian Slang Aggro - abbreviation for aggravated, aggressive, aggression. Ankle biter - a small or young child. Arvo - afternoon. Av-a-go-yer-mug - a phrase used to encourage someone to put more effort into something. Aussie - an Australian. Beano / Beanfeast - a festivity, celebration. Beanie - a small close fitting knitted cap often with a pom pom on top. Big smoke - the city. Billabong - a waterhole. Billy - a container, usually makeshift, for boiling water or tea; a receptacle used for smoking marijuana. Bloke - a man. Bludger - a lazy person who evades responsibilities, often applied to one who collects the dole and doesn't try to find work. Blue - to fight, a dispute; depressed in spirits; a mistake; . Bluey - a nickname for a red-headed person; a breed of Australian work dog. Bonza - excellent, attractive, pleasing. Bottlo - a Bottle shop or Liquor store. Bush telegraph / bush wire - unofficial communication network by which rumours are spread. Bushwhacker - one who lives in the bush. Bushwacked - extremely fatigued or exhausted. Bush week - a fictitious week when country people come to town; a time of year when stupid things happen. Bushytailed - full of health and good spirits. Bust - to apprehend for an illegal activity; to go bankrupt; a police raid. Butt - the buttocks, bottom. Cockeyed - twisted or slanted to one side; foolish, absurd. Codger - a bloke, fellow, especially elderly and a little odd. Compo - compensation for injury; workers compensation. Corker - something striking or astonishing; something very good of its kind. Crapper - toilet. Crook - sick, disabled, bad inferior; a thief; to get angry. Crown Jewels - the testicles. Cut up - to cause distress to; to criticise severley. D Dag - a person with little or no dress sense, uncouth. Date - buttocks; a date roll is a roll of toilet paper. Dick stickers - mens brief style bathers. Digger - an Australian soldier, especially one who served in World War I. Ding - a dent or damaged section of a car, bike, surfboard, etc. Dinkum / dinki-di - true, honest, genuine. Down the road - term indicating distance but no particular distance, it could be a few hundred metres but may be a few hundred miles. Drongo - slow-witted or stupid person. Dunny - an outside toilet, lavatory. E Earbash - to talk incessantly, someone who talks too much. F Fair dinkum - real, genuine, true. Few sandwiches short of a picnic - slow witted, not all together. Footy - rugby league. Full as a boot - intoxicated. Full of it - someone is full of it if they are a liar. G G'day, gidday - a greeting meaning good day. Gee-whiz - an expression indicating astonishment. Get stuffed - go away. Get the shits - to become angry, upset or short tempered. Gnarly - difficult, awkward; terrific, excellent. Go a meal or drink - could eat a meal or have a drink. Go for broke - to risk all ones capital. Greenie - deprecatory term for an environmentalist. Grog / booze - alcohol. beer, spirits. Grommet - an idiot; a young surfer Grouse - very good. On a good lurk - on to a good thing. On ya mate - usually means well done but often used sarcastically. Open slather - free-for-all, anything goes. Oz - Australia. Piker - someone who doesn't want to do something especially within a group. Pissed - drunk. Pissed off - disgruntled, fed up. Plonk - any alcoholic liquor, especially cheap wine. Poddy-dodger - a cattle rustler, one who steals unbranded calves. Pollie / polly - a politician. Pommie / Pom - English person (usually whinging pom). Prawn - a shrimp. Pub - a hotel, short for public house. Usually taken to mean the bar or drinking area in a hotel. R Rack off - go away, get lost. Rag - a newspaper or a woman who sleeps around. Ratbag - rascal, rogue. Ripper / rip snorter - great, terrific. Roo - short for kangaroo. Sanga - a sandwich or sausage. Schooner - a large-sized (425ml) glass of beer. Scrub up - dress up. Seppo / Septic tank - an American (rhyming slang for yank). Servo - a petrol / service / gas station. Sheila - girl, woman. She'll be apples - all is	Poll system, 2 new trivia lists · Twentysix26/Red-DiscordBot@9ce74b6 · GitHub 75 trivia/2015.txt @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +In China in 2015 the record for the longest mating session between two giant pandas was broken at?`18 minutes`18 mins +Ford claimed to launch the first 'e-(What?)' at the 2015 Mobile World Congress Show?`Bike +A 2015 intensive listening study discovered that giraffes actually?`Hum +Name the last US president to meet the leader of Cuba before Barack Obama did in 2015?`Eisenhower +Jay Z and Beyonce launched a music streaming service in 2015 called? `Tidal +At auction in 2015, $1.2m was paid for Don McLean's original handrwitten lyrics for which 1971 big hit song? `American Pie +In 2015 what global contest ruled against the use of swimsuits for its 114 competitors, for the first time since 1951 inception? `Miss World +Which vast tech corporation opened its first 'Nest' branded intelligent home store in Palo Alto California in 2015?`Google +In 2015 Japan lowered its voting age to what?`18`eighteen +The abbreviation MERS, significantly impacting South Korea 2015, is otherwise known as?`Camel Flu +Christian is the lead character in the film 2015 adaptation of what extraordinarily successful book?`Fifty Shades of Grey`50 shades of grey +Who stepped down as chief of 21st Century Fox in 2015?`Rupert Murdoch`murdoch +In 2015 a new North Korean schools curriculum reportedly included that leader Kim Jong-un learnt to drive at age?`3`three +Which car company launched the Avensis model in 2015?`Toyota +In 2015 evidence of water was found on which planet?`Mars +Which 'BRIC' country launched the Astrosat space lab in 2015?`India +Who won the 2015 men's tennis French Open?`Stan Warwinka`warwinka +What company launched the S6 Edge smartphone?`Samsung +Which leading professional networking tech corporation, whose main revenue is selling user access/details to recruiters, bought the Lynda learning company for $1.5bn in 2015?`Linkedin`linked in +'Dismaland' was the temporary theme park/exhibition of which famous 'anonymous' artist?`Banksy +Matthais Muller was made chief of which troubled car company in 2015?`Volkswagen`vw +In 2015 the World Anti-Doping Agency suggested banning which nation from the 2016 Olympics?`Russia +The game of Monopoly celebrated what anniversary in 2015?`eighty`80`80th +Name the Princess born 4th in succession to the British throne in 2015, to Britain's Duke and Duchess of Cambridge?`Charlotte +The 2015 Mad Max movie is sub-titled?`Fury Road`mad max: fury road`mad max fury road +The Magna Carta, signed in London, and inspiring constitutional rights globally thereafter, was how many years old in 2015?`eight hundred`800 +In 2015 the Sinabug volcano erupted in what country?`Indonesia +Olav Bjortmont became 2015 world champion in?`Quizzing`quiz +Lars Lokke led his centre-right party to 2015 government election victory in what country?`Denmark +Blackberry's new phone for 2015 was called the...?`Priv +Facebook's new music sharing/streaming feature launched in 2015 was called "Music... "?`Stories +Eddie Jones was appointed head coach of which English sporting team in 2015?`Rugby Union`rugby +According to 2015 survey what fruit was most popular among USA children?`Apples`apple +Celebrity chef Gordon Ramsey celebrated what birthday in 2015?`49`fourty-nine`fourty nine`49th +Jon Snow was killed off in what TV series in 2015, adapted from GRR Martin's 'A Song of Ice and Fire'?`Game of Thrones +Finance minister Yanis Yaroufakis caused comment for not wearing a tie in February 2015 when negotiating the debts for which nation?`Greece +What nation hosted the 2015 Women's World (soccer) Cup?`Canada +What iconic equine-alluding company, in countless books/films/cowboy holsters, filed for bankruptcy in 2015?`Colt +Due to a 2015 contamination scandal in India/Afica, which corporation destroyed 400 million packets of Maggi noodles?`Nestle +How many years old was the McDonalds fast food company in 2015?`60`sixty +It was announced in 2015 that Alexander Hamilton would be replaced on?`$10 bill`$10`tendollars`ten dollar bill`ten	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,872	What disease caused US president Franklin D Roosevelt to use a wheelchair?	Did FDR Really Have Polio? \| Mental Floss UK Did FDR Really Have Polio? Jill Harness google+ Despite trying his best to hide his handicap during his lifetime, it's now common knowledge that Franklin Delano Roosevelt was in a wheelchair because he was paralyzed by the polio virus. But a new study suggests that the president may have actually been paralyzed by Guillain-Barre Syndrome . If true, it would make his polio diagnosis one of the most famous misdiagnoses in history. The problems started in 1921, when the 39-year-old former Vice Presidential nominee went on a family retreat in Canada. Over the next two weeks, he started to become paralyzed and soon lost control of his bowels after the paralysis spread into his torso. After his party lost to the Republicans, Roosevelt retreated into private life to deal with his condition. By the time he was elected president in 1933, he was rarely seen in his wheelchair, though he did sometimes use a cane. Roosevelt's doctor had extensive experience working with polio patients and believed that FDR had been exposed to the virus during a visit to a Boy Scout camp a few weeks earlier. But there are a number of issues with the polio diagnosis. For one, polio primarily affects children. The disease generally only affects one side of the body, not both—and it usually doesn't affect the intestinal tract. Finally, throughout his life, the future president continued to feel pain in his legs, but polio patients lose all sense in the affected areas. Guillain-Barre Syndrome was a rather obscure condition at the time, so even if that is what FDR suffered from, it's entirely possible that his doctors had never even heard of the disease. While it was too late to obtain a spinal fluid sample for official testing, a 2012 study published in the Journal of Medical Biography concluded that the president almost certainly suffered from Guillain-Barre Syndrome, not polio, based on his symptoms. Even if his doctors did properly identify what FDR was suffering from, there still wasn't much they could have done to treat it—so at least the probable misdiagnosis didn't dramatically change Roosevelt's quality of life. Additionally, knowledge of the president's condition helped bring polio into the public consciousness, and his founding of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1937 eventually led to Jonas Salk receiving the grants he needed to develop a vaccine to prevent the disease. In this way, this possible misdiagnosis ended up saving thousands of lives. Read more about:	Free Flashcards about GK 6 Which horse was involved in the 1913 incident that killed Emily Davison? Anmer What is the meaning of "discursive"? digressing from subject to subject What was the German 'Jugendstil' known as in Britain and the USA? Art Nouveau The artists Odilon Redon and Fernand Khnopff were most closely associated with which artistic movement? Symbolism What nationality was artist Fernand Khnopff? Belgian What is the meaning of 'post hoc, ergo propter hoc'? "After which, therefore because of which" In which year did BBC Radio 2, in the guise of the BBC Light Programme, start broadcasting? 1945 What radio programme used the signature tune "At The Sign Of The Swinging Cymbal" by Bryan Fahey? Pick of The Pops Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was which Roman writer's father-in-law? Tacitus Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was recalled in disgrace by which Emperor? Domitian Which Iron Age tribe had a capital at Emain Macha in Ulster? Ulaid Who had a 1955 Number 1 with "Softly, Softly"? Ruby Murray Who had UK hits with "Be My Love" and "Because You're Mine"? Mario Lanza Who took "Rose Marie" to No 1 spot in the UK IN 1954? Slim Whitman In 1955 Jimmy Young had a No 1 single with "The Man From..." - where? Laramie Which singer was the indirect cause of 1944's Columbus Day Riot? Frank Sinatra In which year did "Rock Around The Clock" hit No 1 in both the UK and the US? 1955 Both "boogie-woogie" and "rock and roll" supposedly got their names from what? Euphemisms for sex Who coined the term "Rhythm and Blues"? Jerry Wexler Which Cleveland DJ is usually credited with coining the term "rock n roll" to apply to the music of that style? Alan Freed Which band were originally called "The Rambling Yodeller And The Sandmen"? Bill Haley & The Comets Who had a 1950s hit with "Be-Bop-A Lula"? Gene Vincent and The Blue Caps Which chemical elements occupy positions 89-103 on the Periodic Table? Actinides What name is given to a 3D co-ordinate system with three planes, x, y, and Z? Cartesian What are the names given to the three sides of a right-angled triangle? Hypotenuse, Base, Altitude If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is sinθ equal to? a/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is cosθ equal to? b/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is tanθ equal to? a/b (or sinθ/cosθ) What is the meaning of sin(squared)θ? sinθsinθ An object that has both magnitude and direction in space Which letters are traditionally used for the three base vectors? i, j, k Who had a 1962 Number 1 with "Wonderful Land"? The Shadows Which artistic group was founded in 1911 by Kandinsky and Marc? Der Blaue Reiter Artist Franz Marc was born in wRhich country? Germany Who painted "Luxe, Calme et Volupte"? Matisse Who is generally held to be the originator of the Suprematist art movement? Malevich The artists Boccioni, Carra and Severeni, all Italians, belonged to which movement? Futurism What was the real name of The Big Bopper, who died in a plane crash along with Buddy Holly? JP Richardson What was the stage name of the singer Rosemary Brown? Dana Which country singer got to No. 1 in the UK with "Coward Of The County"? Kenny Rogers Who composed "The Stars And Stripes Forever"? John Phillip Sousa Who composed the waltz "Tales From The Vienna Woods"? Johann Strauss Robert-Francois Damiens attempted to assassinate (and failed, although he did wound) which king? Louis XV of France When was the Seven Years' War? 1756-63 Whose final work was 1804's "Opus Postumum"? Kant The Pregolya River, which features in Euler's 'Seven Bridges'problem, runs through which city? Kaliningrad Who wrote 1848's "The Principles Of Political Economy"? John Stuart Mill What is defined as "the composite of an organism's observable traits"? Phenotype The Japanese word 'hara',	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,873	Who composed the 19th Century opera ‘La Boheme’?	opera: Opera in the Nineteenth Century Opera in the Nineteenth Century The Romantic Movement in Germany Hero worship, a return to nature, idealism, and fantasy are elements of late 18th-century romanticism that found their way into 19th-century German opera. Ludwig van Beethoven 's only opera, Fidelio (1805, rev. 1814), is set against the background of French rescue opera and the theme of personal freedom versus political tyranny. But it was Mozart's Die Zauberflöte, which rested on the foundations of singspiel, that was really the point of departure for German romantic opera—for E. T. A. Hoffmann 's Undine (1816) and Carl Maria von Weber 's Der Freischütz (1821) and Oberon (1826). These operas, although somewhat limited in melodic invention, fused in their plots the natural and the supernatural and paved the way for the grandiose music dramas of Richard Wagner , who also wrote his own librettos. Wagner's early operas, such as Rienzi (1842), based on Edward Bulwer-Lytton's novel of the same name, and Der Fliegende Holländer ( The Flying Dutchman, 1843) are Italian-style operas, with arias, duets, trios, and choral pieces. In the romantic tradition, he turned to medieval lore for Tannhäuser (1845) and to tales of chivalry and knighthood for Lohengrin (1850), Tristan und Isolde (1865), and Parsifal (1882). Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (1868), Wagner's only comic opera, used the real-life cobbler and poet Hans Sachs as the central character. The set pieces of the Italian school were put aside in favor of leitmotifs (leading motifs) that were used to identify individual characters and situations and present a continuous flow of music, at times almost symphonic in nature, which was uninterrupted by recitative. The culmination of this technique was Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelungs ), a tetralogy composed of Das Rheingold (1869), Die Walküre (1870), Siegfried (1876), and Götterdämmerung (1876). The Development of French Grand Opera and Opéra Comique After the French Revolution (1789), spectacular and melodramatic operas became popular. Outstanding examples are by Luigi Cherubini , Étienne Nicolas Méhul , Jean François Lesueur , and Gasparo Spontini . Extensive use was made of plots involving rescue. Paris had now become the center of operatic activity, and the performance there of Daniel François Esprit Auber 's La Muette de Portici ( The Mute Girl of Portici, 1828), also known after its hero as Masaniello, Gioacchino Rossini 's Guillaume Tell ( William Tell, 1829), Giacomo Meyerbeer 's Robert le Diable (1831), and Jacques Halévy 's La Juive ( The Jewess, 1835) established the grand opera tradition. Grand opera, of which Meyerbeer's works are the outstanding examples, typically feature historical subjects with pointed reference to contemporary issues, religious elements, and violent passions. The influence of French grand opera was enormous, reaching even to the early works of Wagner and Verdi. Hector Berlioz 's masterpiece Les Troyens ( The Trojans, 1856–58), while owing nothing to Meyerbeer, may also be considered grand opera. Opéra comique (distinguished from grand opera in that it had spoken dialogue) took two directions in the middle of the 19th cent., one lead toward operetta, the other toward a more serious, lyrical opera. Of that genre Ambroise Thomas , Charles Gounod , Georges Bizet , Léo Delibes , and Jules Massenet were the chief composers. Gounod's Faust (1859) and Bizet's Carmen (1875), two of the most popular French operas ever written, actually had spoken dialogue in their original versions, but this qualification for works given at the Opéra Comique Theater was ultimately dropped. The operas of Emmanuel Chabrier and Vincent D'Indy show the influence of Wagner, while Gustave Charpentier 's Louise (1900) is representative of naturalism. Perhaps the most complete realization of the ideals that had marked French opera from its beginning was Claude Debussy 's Pelléas et Mélisande (1902). Early-Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera In Italy, the voice remained master of the orchestra, and melody, prese	The Phantom of the Opera (1986 Musical) \| Phantompedia Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia The Phantom of the Opera (1986 Musical) The Phantom of the Opera (1986 Musical) 13pages on Share The musical's iconic logo. The Phantom of the Opera is a musical/opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber , based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux . The music was composed by Lloyd Webber, and most lyrics were written by Charles Hart. Additional lyrics were written by Richard Stilgoe. Alan Jay Lerner was an early collaborator, but he withdrew after completing work on a single song, Masquerade, and died shortly thereafter. The central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé , who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius. The Phantom of the Opera opened in the West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988. It is the longest-running musical in Broadway history, the second-longest-running West End musical, and arguably the world's most financially successful single entertainment project to date. Phantom won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical, and Michael Crawford (as the phantom) won the 1986 Olivier and 1988 Tony for Best Performance by an Actor in a Musical. The show has been seen in 149 cities in 25 countries, and has played to over 100 million people. With total worldwide box office receipts of over £3.5bn ($5.1bn), Phantom is the highest-grossing entertainment event of all time. The New York production alone has grossed US $715 million, making it the most financially successful Broadway show in history. Contents Edit Inspired by an earlier musical version of the same story by Ken Hill, Phantom began previews at Her Majesty's Theatre in London's West End on 27 September, 1986 and opened on 9 October under the direction of Hal Prince. It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge.[10] Michael Crawford starred as the titular character, Sarah Brightman as Christine, and Steve Barton as Raoul . The show is still playing at Her Majesty's, celebrating its 24th anniversary in October 2010, and celebrated its 10,000th performance at the matinée on 23rd October, 2010; both Andrew Lloyd Webber and the original Phantom, Michael Crawford, were in attendance. It is the second longest-running West End musical in history behind Les Miserables. Broadway Edit Phantom began Broadway previews at the Majestic Theatre on 9 January, 1988 and opened on 26 January. Crawford, Brightman and Barton reprised their respective roles from the London production. In 2009 the Broadway production marked its nine thousandth performance and is currently the longest-running musical in Broadway history celebrating 23 years in January of 2011. Development of the Musical Edit In the northern hemisphere winter of 1984, Cameron Mackintosh, the co-producer of Cats and Song and Dance received a phone call. Andrew Lloyd Webber was looking to create a new musical. He was aiming for a romantic piece, but having trouble reining in a worthwhile idea, and, hitting upon the idea of using Gaston Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera as a base, he pitched the idea. Mackintosh and Lloyd Webber screened both the 1925 Lon Chaney and the 1943 Claude Rains versions but neither were able to gain any material that might be useful in making the leap from book to stage. While in New York, Lloyd Webber tracked down a second hand copy of the long out-of-print original Leroux novel, from which his attitude to the material was transformed; “ I was actually writing something else at the time, and I realized that the reason I was hung up was because I was trying to write a major romantic story, and I had been trying to do that ever since I started my career. Then with the Phantom, it was there!" ” From there, Lloyd Webber began work developing Phantom of the Opera to fit into musical form. Lyricists and Lyrics Edit Lloyd Webber approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his "dark obsessive side", but the writer/producer declined in order to fulfil his com	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,874	Which Japanese mountaineer was the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest?	The first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest, The First Female to scale Mount Everest Home > China Travel Guide > Mount Everest The First Woman to Reach the Summit of Mount Everest Junko Tabei, a Japanese mountaineer, is the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest. She climbed to the top on May 16, 1975. Early Expeditions When Tabei studied in Showa Women's University, she had already been a member of the Mountain Climbing Club. After she got the English literature degree and graduated from University, she formed the "Ladies Climbing Club: Japan (LCC)" in 1969. Before climbing Mount Everest, she climbed Mount Fuji, Matterhorn in Swiss Alps and other mountains. Tabei was recognized as a mountain climber in Japan in 1972. Climbing Mount Everest Nihon Television and Yomiuri newspaper joint to sent an all-woman team to attempt an Everest expedition. They selected 15 women from hundreds of applicants, Tabei was one of them. They had trained for a long period, and began to climb in 1975. There are 9 Sherpa guide with them. The route they used was the same one Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay took in 1953. It was in early May. With the help of the nine Sherpa guide, they began the expedition. Unfortunately, only a few days later, they came across and avalanche, and the 9 guides and all the climbers were buried under the snow. A guide dug Tabei out when she was unconscious for several minutes. But the avalanche did not beat her down. 12 days later, Tabei became the first woman set on the summit of Mount Everest. “The mountain teaches me a lot of things. It makes me realize how trivial my personal problems are,” she said. “It also teaches me that life should not be taken for granted.” The Seven Summits Tabei had scaled Junko Tabei is also known as the first female to scale the “Seven Summits”, which are the highest mountains separating on seven continents. Mount Everest, world’s highest mountain, 8848m (29,029 ft), on the border of China’s Tibet and Nepal Denali, or Mount Mckinley, highest mountain in North America, 6193m (20,320ft), in night the temperature go down to -40℃ Elbrus, an inactive volcano in Russia, 5642m (18,442 ft) above the sea level Aconcagua, a part of Andes in South America, 6959m (22,841ft) above the sea level Carstensz Pyramid, in Indonesia, 4883.4m (16,023ft) above the sea level Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania of Africa, with a height of 5963m (15,092 ft) Vinson Massif, in Antarctica, with a height of 4892m (16,050 ft)	quizballs 50 -- part 2 - Google Groups quizballs 50 -- part 2 41. What Cumbrian town was used as a 2007 pilot for the digital TV switch-over? 42. It was announced in April 2007 that Lord Justice Scott Baker would replace Baroness Butler-Sloss in what position? 43. What remarkable sale price did Damien Hirst's diamond-encrusted skull achieve? 44. Which world champion 400m runner successfully overturned her Olympic Games ban for missing drug tests? 45. Monks featured strongly in the September protests in which country? 46. Which northern England city was flooded by torrential rain on on 25 June 2007? 47. In what US city did Barack Obama announce his presidential candidacy in February 2007? 48. Which Bollywood actor was at the centre of the 2007 Big Brother TV Show racism uproar? 49. Shinzo Abe resigned in September 2007 as prime minister of which country? 50. Which corporation bought 1.6% of Facebook for $240m? 51. The Kate Moss Collection was launched by what store chain? 52. The two CDs lost by the UK department HMRC (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs) contained personal details of 20m people relating to claims of what? 53. Who resigned as England cricket coach after the 2007 Ashes series 5-0 defeat? 54. What nickname was used by the media for the senior policeman in charge of the Cash for Honours investigation? 55. In May 2007 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced the biggest what in history to date? 56. Intensive British forces operations in Afghanistan through 2007 were centred in which province? 57. In what significant UK location was the August 2007 Climate Change Camp sited? 58. Which movie star left the much publicized 'rude pig' phone message for his twelve year old daughter? 59. In a bizarre 2007 confessional frenzy, Ruth Kelly, Jacqui Smith, Harriet Harman, Hazel Blears and Alistair Darling where among several British government ministers to make what admission? 60. At the end of 2007 how many England Premiership football (soccer) clubs were foreign owned? 61. In June 2007 the Millennium Dome re-opened under what name? 62. Which famous aviator and adventurer went missing over the Nevada Desert in September 2007? 63. The perfume brand 'Mwah' was launched in 2007 by which 'celebrity'? 64. What country celebrated on August 15th 2007 its 60th anniversary of independence from British rule? 65. Who resigned as World Bank President after failing to disprove allegations of his nepotism? 66. Which country won the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup? 67. Following an Ofcom investigation which TV company was judged in September 2007 to be the worst offending in the premium line phone-in scandals? 68. What film won the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture? 69. Speculation towards the end of 2007 suggested that Rupert Murdoch's News International Group was in discussion to buy what significant business networking website? 70. Which rapper cancelled his UK tour when refused entry to the country? 71. What was the name of the Space Shuttle which launched on June 8th 2007? 72. Who made this amusing statement: "I have expressed a degree of regret that may be equated with an apology..." ? 73. Whose secret donations of over half a million pounds caused a big problem for the Labour Party when they were exposed in November 2007? 74. Who became the new French president in 2007? 75. Who was charged with fraud when he reappeared five years after going missing in a canoe off the Cleveland coast? 76. Clarence Mitchell was appointed media spokesman for whom in September 2007? 77. Which Formula One racing team was expelled from the 2007 Constructors Championship for spying on a competitor? 78. Blake Fielder-Civil achieved notoriety as whose errant husband? 79. Which former newspaper owner and business mogul was sentenced to 78 months imprisonment for fraud in December 2007? 80. Which major city switched off its lights for an hour on the evening of 31 March 2007 as a political statement about climate change? 81. What was the village and laboratory site na	trivia_qa.jsonl

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