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1,509,075	Which artist painted the 'Man in a Red Turban'?	Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban, Jan Van Eyck: Analysis, Interpretation How to Appreciate Paintings . Analysis of Portrait of a Man by Jan van Eyck This famous Flemish painting , known officially as Portrait of a Man, but commonly referred to as Man in a Red Turban, or Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban, is one of several famous panel paintings by the Flemish painter Jan Van Eyck (1390-1441), one of the foremost pioneers of the early Netherlandish Renaissance . Supposedly a self-portrait , it is believed to have been purchased by Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, during his period of exile in Antwerp around 1644, before being acquired by the National Gallery in London, in 1851. Along with Van Eyck's other masterpieces - such as The Ghent Altarpiece (1432, Cathedral of St Bavo, Ghent), The Arnolfini Portrait (1434, National Gallery, London), and The Madonna/Virgin of Chancellor Rolin (1435, Louvre, Paris) - Portrait of a Man in Red Turban is one of the most famous examples of Northern Renaissance art of the 15th century. Self-Portrait Jan Van Eyck's Man in Red Turban was first described as a self-portrait in 1655, although this view was not unanimous and the identification remains tentative. The inscription at the top of the frame has been cited as strong evidence in favour. It reads "Als Ich Can" (as I/Eyck can) - which is a pun on the painter's name. Van Eyck apparently depicted himself in two other works; he seems to be reflected in the mirror in the Arnolfini Marriage (1434, National Gallery, London) and in the shield of St George in The Madonna Of Cannon Van Der Paele (1436, Musee Communal Des Beaux-Arts, Bruges). Whether it is a self-portrait or not, the man - whoever he is - is not actually wearing a turban, but a chaperon - with its ends tied across the top. Similar headgear can be seen in the background of Van Eyck's Madonna of Chancellor Rolin - another alleged self-portrait. Oil Painting Technique Van Eyck's technical contribution to the art of oil painting - notably his meticulous use of thin layers of transparent colour pigments for maximum luminosity - made possible the precise optical effects and mirror-like polish that make this portrait so lifelike. Note, for example, the effects of the two-toned stubble or the capillaries on the white surface of the left eye. His use and application of colour has been commented on by numerous artists and critics: here, for instance, the white colour of the eye is mixed with tiny amounts of red and blue. A very thin layer of red is dragged over this underlayer, but in such a way as to leave the underlayer exposed in several places. The iris of the eye is painted ultramarine - with additions of white and black towards the pupil, which is painted in black over the blue of the iris. The main highlights are four touches of lead white - one on the iris and three on the white. The variation of focus between the two eyes suggests that Van Eyck, may have used a mirror to create this image: his right eye is slightly blurred around the edges, appearing to be only passivly engaged in sight, while the outline of the left eye is clearly delineated and focused on a specific object. This effect probably resulted from the artist observing himself in the mirror; when viewing oneself from an angle both eyes cannot be seen simultaneously. Through his control of the medium, Van Eyck becomes ineffably present in the image, if not through his physical likeness, then through the way in which he alone has the skill to render invisible the mark of each brushstroke. As in all his paintings, Van Eyck designs his composition with great care. Here, for instance, he r	Ceci n’est pas une pipe \| museum-exhibitions.com by Paula Terán New York, from 28. September 2013 to 12 January 2014 René Magritte (1898-1967) is probably the most famous Belgian artist of the 20th century, whose works have been massively used, adapted or imitated in advertisements, posters, albums or book covers, decorative objects etc., so that some of them have become authentic icons of the last century. As the Warhol’s prints of Marilyn or the Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. Le faux miroir (The False Mirror), 1929, René Magritte. Oil on canvas. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. He is considered as a Surrealist painter who usually represented a collection of ordinary objects in an unusual context or space (like a train coming out of a chimney, or a glass of water placed on an unbrella), giving new meanings to familiar things, and challenging the viewer preconditioned perceptions of reality and the ‘real world’ itself, in his words. He would paint a simple object like a pipe or an apple and then write below ‘‘Ceci n’est pas une pipe’’ or ‘‘Ceci n’est pas une pomme’’ (‘‘This is not a pipe’’ or ‘‘This is not an apple’’), denying what was obvious to be seen. Only an apparent contradiction as indeed, he was pointing out that no matter how realistic the object represented seemed to be, the painting could never catch the pipe or the apple itself. Magritte’s would describe his art as “visible images which conceal nothing; they evoke mystery and, indeed, when one sees one of my pictures, one asks oneself this simple question, ‘What does that mean?’. It does not mean anything, because mystery means nothing either, it is unknowable.” La trahison des images (Ceci n’est pas une pipe) (The Treachery of Images [This is Not a Pipe]), 1929, René Magritte. Oil on canvas. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California. The Museum of Modern Art of New York, MoMA, will be presenting the exhibition ‘‘Magritte: The Mystery of the Ordinary, 1926-1938’’. It has been organized in collaboration with the Menil Collection in Houston and the Art Institute of Chicago, where it will be shown as well (at The Menil Collection between 14th February – 1st June, 2014, and at The Art Institute of Chicago between 29th of June -12th October 2014). The retrospective is focused on Magritte’s essential works from the 1920’s and 1930‘s, and shows over 80 paintings, collages, drawings, and objects, along with a selection of photographs, periodicals, and early commercial work, exploring and tracing his development as a definitive Surrealist painter. In addition to works from MoMA’s collection, the exhibitions includes many loans from public and private collections all over the world. L’assassin menacé (The Menaced Assassin), 1927, René Magritte. Oil on canvas. Museum of Modern Art, New York. The retrospective begins in 1926, with the paintings and collages that Magritted created in Brussels which, in his own words, “challenged the real world”, and that would gained him recognition as a Surrealist painter. It also follows Magritte to Paris, where he lived from 1927 to 1930, essential years where he met Surrealists like André Breton, Salvador Dalí, and Joan Miró, and created his first word-image paintings. At that moment, his art was at times violent and disturbing. He started then using methods that included the misnaming of objects, doubling, repetition and mirroning. Some of Magritte’s most radical and famous works are from that period in Paris. Paintings like ‘’The Lovers’’ (1928) where he invokes de cliché of a close-up kiss, but radically changing the voyeuristic side of the image by covering the faces with a cloth. Or ‘’The Treachery of Images ‘’(1929) representing the ‘‘Ceci n’est pas une pipe’’ pipe, or the female nude ‘‘The Eternally Obvious’’ (1930). These paintings will be shown together in this exhibition for the first time since 1931. Les amants (The Lovers), 1928, René Magritte. Oil on canvas. Museum of Modern Art, New York. In 1930 he returned to Brussels where he continued searching for new forms of image making and created paintings that depic	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,076	Who was the first woman to reach the summit of Mt. Everest?	The first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest, The First Female to scale Mount Everest Home > China Travel Guide > Mount Everest The First Woman to Reach the Summit of Mount Everest Junko Tabei, a Japanese mountaineer, is the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest. She climbed to the top on May 16, 1975. Early Expeditions When Tabei studied in Showa Women's University, she had already been a member of the Mountain Climbing Club. After she got the English literature degree and graduated from University, she formed the "Ladies Climbing Club: Japan (LCC)" in 1969. Before climbing Mount Everest, she climbed Mount Fuji, Matterhorn in Swiss Alps and other mountains. Tabei was recognized as a mountain climber in Japan in 1972. Climbing Mount Everest Nihon Television and Yomiuri newspaper joint to sent an all-woman team to attempt an Everest expedition. They selected 15 women from hundreds of applicants, Tabei was one of them. They had trained for a long period, and began to climb in 1975. There are 9 Sherpa guide with them. The route they used was the same one Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay took in 1953. It was in early May. With the help of the nine Sherpa guide, they began the expedition. Unfortunately, only a few days later, they came across and avalanche, and the 9 guides and all the climbers were buried under the snow. A guide dug Tabei out when she was unconscious for several minutes. But the avalanche did not beat her down. 12 days later, Tabei became the first woman set on the summit of Mount Everest. “The mountain teaches me a lot of things. It makes me realize how trivial my personal problems are,” she said. “It also teaches me that life should not be taken for granted.” The Seven Summits Tabei had scaled Junko Tabei is also known as the first female to scale the “Seven Summits”, which are the highest mountains separating on seven continents. Mount Everest, world’s highest mountain, 8848m (29,029 ft), on the border of China’s Tibet and Nepal Denali, or Mount Mckinley, highest mountain in North America, 6193m (20,320ft), in night the temperature go down to -40℃ Elbrus, an inactive volcano in Russia, 5642m (18,442 ft) above the sea level Aconcagua, a part of Andes in South America, 6959m (22,841ft) above the sea level Carstensz Pyramid, in Indonesia, 4883.4m (16,023ft) above the sea level Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania of Africa, with a height of 5963m (15,092 ft) Vinson Massif, in Antarctica, with a height of 4892m (16,050 ft)	#question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in - Pastebin.com raw get clone embed report print text 2.69 KB #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles #question=The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield #question=In British currency slang, how much is a ‘lady’ worth?#answer=Five pounds #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it ‘The Biggest Little City in the World’?#answer=Reno #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film ‘Goldeneye’?#answer=Alec Trevelyan #question=‘Pro pace et fraternitate gentium’ is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel Peace Prize Medal #question=The city of Hollywood, Broward County, is in which US state?#answer=Florida #question=Hermit, Spider and Blue are all types of which creature?#answer=Crab #question=Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 1939 novel ‘Gadsby’, containing over 50,000 words, leaving out which letter of the alphabet?#answer=;The letter ‘E’;e;letter e; #question=How many finger holes does a penny whistle have?#answer=Six #question=What is the collective name for a group of toads?#answer=Knot #question=What is the only English word, and its derivatives, to end in ‘mt’?#answer=Dreamt #question=In the UK, in which year was the voting age lowered from 30 to 21 for women?#answer=1928 #question=What is the most times a piece of paper can be folded in half?#answer=Seven #question=Ablutophilia is the sexual arousal from what?#answer=Water #question=How many goals did footballer Gary Lineker score for England?#answer=48 #question=What was the middle name of actor Laurence Olivier?#answer=Kerr #question=The ship ‘Cutty Sark’ was built in which Scottish dockyard town?#answer=Dumbarton #question=Who composed the romantic opera ‘Lohengrin’?#answer=Richard Wagner #question=What are the Secret Service names for Barack and Michelle Obama?#answer=Renegade and Renaissance #question=Lotus Air airlines is based in which African country?#answer=Egypt #question=Texas Hold ‘Em is a variation of which card game?#answer=Poker RAW Paste Data #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles #question=The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield #question=In British currency slang, how much is a ‘lady’ worth?#answer=Five pounds #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it ‘The Biggest Little City in the World’?#answer=Reno #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film ‘Goldeneye’?#answer=Alec Trevelyan #question=‘Pro pace et fraternitate gentium’ is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,077	I which country will you find the 'Great Victoria Desert'?	Great Victoria Desert, Australia - The Largest Desert In Australia Great Victoria Desert, Australia The Largest Desert In Australia Great Victoria Desert About the Great Victoria Desert Size and Location The Great Victoria is the largest Australian desert. Its size is 424,400 km2 (163,900 miles2) according to most sources (though I've seen anything between 348,750 km2/134,655 miles2 and 250,000 miles2). If the last number is correct then the Great Victoria Desert in Australia is the third largest desert in the world, after the Sahara and the Arabian Desert. If the first number is correct it would still make it to number eight on the list, followed by the Great Sandy Desert . Two Western Australian deserts in the top ten... I didn't go out and measure. Either way the Great Victoria Desert is the largest desert in Australia. It spans over 700 km/435 miles from west to east, with the western part of it belonging to Western Australia, and the eastern part extending into South Australia. It can take several days to cross this desert, but more about that later. On the borders of the Great Victoria Desert you find... more deserts. The Gibson in the north, the Little Sandy Desert to the north-west, the Nullarbor Plain in the South, and the Tirary and the Sturt Stony Desert to the east. Australia is a dry country once you leave the coasts. No wonder people always talk about "the Outback desert" (which I guess sums up all the Australian deserts...). Return to top History The Great Victoria Desert in Australia was first crossed by the European explorer Ernest Giles in 1875 and named after Queen Victoria. David Lindsey's expedition crossed the area from north to south in 1891. Lime Juice Camp is named to remind us of one of their mishaps: it was there that the party decided to have a celebration and open their supply of lime juice. It was mixed with whiskey and water in a galvanized tin, with the result that everybody became rather sick with zinc poisoning. Ah well... The next explorer to leave his mark was Frank Hann, who was looking for pastoral lands and for gold in the area between 1903 and 1908. He named a few more places and features. And last but not least there is the famous Len Beadell. He worked as a surveyor for the Australian army, and surveyed and build roads in the 1960s. If you read any of the many books he wrote about his time in the Great Victoria Desert then you can guess that the Anne Beadell Highway (named after his wife) is not exactly a highway... Return to top Climate The Great Victoria Desert receives only little rain, though not as little as one might suspect for a desert. The rainfall range is 200 - 250 mm a year, but the rain is unreliable. Southern parts receive some winter rainfall, further north the only water source are thunderstorms. And they are isolated and unpredictable. The days in summer are hot, anything between 30 and 40°C (90 - 105F), but the dry heat is not as uncomfortable as the humid swelter of tropical Australia. Winter temperatures range from a comfortable 20 to 25°C, but the nights can be freezing. And I do mean freezing, frosts are common. Return to top Environment Many people hear the word desert and expect endless sand dunes, or barren stony plains without vegetation. The Great Victoria Desert looks nothing like that. It's called a desert because there is little rain, not because it is dead or boring. The amount of vegetation may surprise you. Australia has always been a dry continent, and the plants are well adapted to living with very little water. Not only marble gums, mulga and spinifex grass thrive here. You will find a huge variety of shrubs and smaller plants. When it does rain the transformation is total. The desert bursts into bloom seemingly over night. Fields of wildflowers, accentuated with flowering grevilleas and acacias, yellows, whites and mauves against the red sands... I was lucky enough to cross the Great Victoria Desert after a big rain. The sight of the blooming desert is something I will never forget. (And the fact that I didn't have a camera on the trip is some	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 12th October – The Questions 12th October – The Questions Specialist questions set by Waters Green Rams. General knowledge questions set by Church House, Bollington. All vetted by Harrington Academicals. SPECIALIST ROUNDS- 1. SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE 2. SCIENCE 5. TIME FOR THE KIDS 6. POLITICS ROUND ONE - SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE – News stories of the summer 1. Which actor, born Bernard Schwartz in 1925, died in September 2010? TONY CURTIS 2. In June, Princess Victoria married her former personal trainer Daniel Westling. Of which country is she a princess? SWEDEN 3. Which 74 year-old singing Dame received poor reviews when she appeared on a UK stage for the first time in 30 years at the London O2 in May? JULIE ANDREWS 4. What name was given to the tent city that was set up at the top of the San Jose pit shaft in Chile, where 33 miners were trapped? CAMP ESPERANZA (original Spanish name) or CAMP HOPE 5. Goodluck Jonathan became President of which country in May? NIGERIA 6. The Savile Enquiry finally delivered its findings on which event of 38 years ago? BLOODY SUNDAY (January 1972 in Derry) 7. Why was Mary Bale in the news in August? She was filmed on CCTV putting a CAT into a WHEELIE BIN in Coventry. 8. Which major New Zealand city was hit by an earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale? CHRISTCHURCH Supp 1 Which company, with its head-quarters in Windermere, was declared the UK’s best retailer by Which? Magazine? LAKELAND Supp 2 Why was Terry Jones of Gainesville, Florida in the news in September? He planned to BURN copies of the KORAN outside his church. ROUND TWO – SCIENCE 1. Which scientist was born in Shrewsbury in 1809 and died at Down House in Kent in 1882? CHARLES DARWIN 2. Which acid was traditionally known as Oil Of Vitriol or Spirit Of Vitriol? SULPHURIC ACID 3. Which heavenly body has moons called Charon, Nix and Hydra? PLUTO 4. William was in prison in 1770, when he invented the toothbrush. What was his surname, still famous in that field today? ADDIS 5. Besides the elephant, which other African mammal is a source of ivory? HIPPOPOTAMUS 6. An amalgam is a compound containing which metal? MERCURY 7. What name is given to a triangle with sides of unequal length? SCALENE 8. What does a Campbell-Stokes Recorder Record? SUNSHINE (not temperature) Supp 1 Scientist William Harvey (born 1578) is famous for his research into what? THE BLOOD (circulation etc.) Supp 2 What is the more common name for triatomic oxygen? OZONE ROUND THREE – SPORT 1. Tony McCoy finally won his first Grand National in 2010 on his 15th ride in the race. Which horse did he ride? DON’T PUSH IT 2. Name either of the 2008 Ryder Cup captains. PAUL AZINGER or NICK FALDO 3. Which sport would you be taking part in if you used a monkey climber, waggler and a plumb? ANGLING / COARSE FISHING 4. Which county won the 2010 County Cricket Championship? NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 5. Which team won the 2010 Rugby League Challenge Cup? WARRINGTON WOLVES ( bt. Leeds Rhinos 30-6 in the final). Accept WARRINGTON. 6. Where will the final race in the 2010 Formula One Series be held? YAS MARINA circuit in ABU DHABI (accept either) 7. According to Wikipedia, which English football ground has the widest pitch and boasts the tallest floodlights? EASTLANDS (home of Manchester City) 8. Which football club holds the record for the fewest wins in a season in the Premier League? DERBY COUNTY – in 2007/8, their record was Played 38, Won 1, Drawn 8, Lost 29. Supp 1 How many times did Alex Higgins win the World Snooker Championship? TWO Supp 2 Which Rugby Union club has made their Premiership debut in the 2010/11 season? EXETER (Chiefs) ROUND FOUR – GEOGRAPHY 1. Which Irish port was known as Kingstown from 1821, after a visit by George IV, until 1921? DUN LAOGHAIRE (pronounced DUNLEARY) 2. Between 1947 and gaining independence in 1971, by what name was the present-day country of Bangladesh known? EAST PAKISTAN 3. Name an African country that, in its normal English spelling, contains the letter Q. MOZAMBIQUE or EQUATORIAL GUINEA. 4. The islands of Hokkaido a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,078	When she died how old was Karen Carpenter?	Karen Carpenter - Biography - IMDb Karen Carpenter Biography Showing all 119 items Jump to: Overview (5) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (1) \| Trade Mark (2) \| Trivia (100) \| Personal Quotes (10) Overview (5) 4 February 1983 , Downey, California, USA (heart failure caused by chronic anorexia) Birth Name 5' 4" (1.63 m) Mini Bio (1) Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Karen Carpenter moved with her family to Downey, California, in 1963. Karen's older brother, Richard Carpenter , decided to put together an instrumental trio with him on the piano, Karen on the drums and their friend Wes Jacobs on the bass and tuba. In a battle of the bands at the Hollywood Bowl in 1966, the group won first place and landed a contract with RCA Records. However, RCA did not see a future in jazz tuba, and the contract was short-lived. Karen and Richard formed another band, Spectrum, with four other fellow students from California State University at Long Beach that played several gigs before disbanding. In 1969, Karen and Richard made several demo music tapes and shopped them around to different record companies; they were eventually offered a contract with A&M Records. Their first hit was a reworking of The Beatles hit "Ticket to Ride", followed by a re-recorded version of Burt Bacharach 's "Close to You", which sold a million copies. Soon Richard and Karen became one of the most successful groups of the early 1970s, with Karen on the drums and lead vocals and Richard on the piano with backup vocals. They won three Grammy Awards, embarked on a world tour, and landed their own TV variety series in 1971, titled Make Your Own Kind of Music! (1971). In 1975 the story came out when The Carpenters were forced to cancel a European tour because the gaunt Karen was too weak to perform. Nobody knew that Karen was at the time suffering from anorexia nervosa, a mental illness characterized by obsessive dieting to a point of starvation. In 1976 she moved out of her parents' house to a condo of her own. While her brother Richard was recovering from his Quaalude addiction, Karen decided to record a solo album in New York City in 1979 with producer Phil Ramone. Encouraged by the positive reaction to it in New York, Karen was eager to show it to Richard and the record company in California, who were nonplussed. The album was shelved. In 1980, she married real estate developer Thomas J. Burris. However, the unhappy marriage really only lasted a year before they separated. (Karen was to sign the divorce papers the day she died). Shortly afterward, she and brother Richard were back in the recording studio, where they recorded their hit single "Touch Me When We're Dancing". However, Karen was unable to shake her depression as well as her eating disorder, and after realizing she needed help, she spent most of 1982 in New York City undergoing treatment. By 1983, Karen was starting to take control of her life and planning to return to the recording studio and to make public appearances again. In February of 1983, she went to her parents' house to sort through some old clothes she kept there when she collapsed in a walk-in closet from cardiac arrest. She was only 32. Doctors revealed that her long battle with anorexia nervosa had stressed her heart to the breaking point. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Matt Patay <pataygs@voicenet.com> Spouse (1) Trivia (100) In her mid 20s, she was still living with her parents. At age 30, she made a solo album with producer Phil Ramone in 1980, titled "Karen Carpenter". However, it was shelved by A&M executive Herb Alpert . 16 years later in 1996, it was finally released. Was married at the Beverly Hills Hotel in the Crystal Room. On Thursday, December 11, 2003 she, Agnes and Harold were exhumed from Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Cypress, California and were moved to Pierce Brothers Valley Oaks Memorial Park in Westlake Village, California. Agnes, Karen and Harold remained in their original caskets. At 12:30pm PST, they were all re-interred and entombed in a private family mausoleum in the Tranquility Gardens section of the cemetery. Ranked #2	name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories \| fasab Home Posts tagged 'name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories' name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories “Fight Against Stupidity And Bureaucracy” . Welcome to another quiz day on the fasab blog. As usual a random selection of questions, some quite difficult, but some that you should find easy enough. When you are done check the answers which are waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaay down below – but NO cheating! Enjoy. Q. 1: What is the name of the art form that translated means ‘beauty writing’? . . Q. 2: The Blue Fairy is a kindly figure in which Disney classic? (Now you knows this!) . Q. 3: What is the name of the Spanish soup served cold? . Q. 4: What is the longest poisonous snake in the world? . . Q. 5: Eric Weisz is still believed by some to have made the first successful powered flight in Australia on March 18, 1910. Weisz was better known around the world under which stage name? . . Q. 6: Which region in the Pacific ocean is also the name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories? . . Q. 7: What is the name of the world’s oldest licensed whiskey distillery and in which country is it located? (a point for each answer) . Q. 8: Contestants from which three countries have won the most Miss Universe titles? (Take some bonus points if you know how many titles they have won.) . . Q. 9: Which word, used in the world of espionage, stems from John Le Carre’s 1974 novel ‘Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy’? . Q. 10: ‘Kristal’ and ‘Krug’ are examples of which wine? . Q. 11: In space an ‘Event Horizon’ surrounds what kind of region? . Q. 12: Who was the first Hollywood actress to appear on a postage stamp? . . Q. 13: When the definition of a desert is ‘an area with an average annual precipitation of less than 250 millimetres per year’; on which continent is the largest desert in the world? . Q. 14: ‘Varig’ is the national airline in which country? . . Q. 15: Name the American artist who uses Campbell’s Soup cans in his pop art? . . Q. 16: What did American POW’s call the Hoa Lo prison camp in North Vietnam? . . Q. 17: Widely used to orient buildings and even furniture, the term ‘Feng shui’, what is the English translation of this term? (Two words.) . Q. 18: Which breed of horse is also the name for a kind of bean? . . Q. 19: Who was the only heavyweight champion to finish his boxing career with a perfect record? (49 wins-0 defeats). . . Q. 20: Which film producer with a vegetable as a last name, was, until his death, involved in most of the James Bond films? > Q. 4: What is the longest poisonous snake in the world? A. 4: The King Cobra. . . Q. 5: Eric Weisz is still believed by some to have made the first successful powered flight in Australia on March 18, 1910. Weisz was better known around the world under which stage name? A. 5: Harry Houdini. . . Q. 6: Which region in the Pacific ocean is also the name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories? A. 6: Polynesia. In the series of books, Polynesia is Doctor Dolittle’s parrot. . . Q. 7: What is the name of the world’s oldest licensed whiskey distillery and in which country is it located? (a point for each answer) A. 7: Old Bushmills Distillery, located at Bushmills, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. . Q. 8: Contestants from which three countries have won the most Miss Universe titles? (Take some bonus points if you know how many titles they have won.) A. 8: USA (8: 1954, 1956, 1960, 1967, 1980, 1995, 1997, 2012), Venezuela (6: 1979, 1981, 1986, 1996, 2008, 2009), and Puerto Rico (5: 1970, 1985, 1993, 2001, 2006). . . Q. 9: Which word, used in the world of espionage, stems from John Le Carre’s 1974 novel ‘Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy’? A. 9: Mole. Q. 11: In space an ‘Event Horizon’ surrounds what kind of region? A. 11: A Black hole. . Q. 12: Who was the first Hollywood actress to appear on a postage stamp? A. 12: Grace Kelly. . . Q. 13: When the definition of a desert is ‘an area with an average annual precipitation of less than 250 millimetres per year’; on which	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,079	In 1946 which specially trained fighting body became an exclusive branch of the Royal Marines	MARSOC Heritage 1. War with Tripoli/Barbary Pirates: Between the War of Independence and the War of 1812, the United States was involved in an extended skirmish with the Barbary Pirates. Utterly cruel and untrustworthy, they were the scourge of the Mediterranean, pillaging ships, capturing and ransoming crews, and demanding tribute. President Thomas Jefferson, outraged that two million dollars had already been paid to the pirates and that they were demanding $250,000 more, decided that no more tribute would be paid. The United States did not end piracy in these waters, but the Marine Corps helped prove that the United States was willing to fight to uphold its honor. While outside the scope of the Small Wars era, the War with Tripoli and the Barbary Pirates is one of the first examples of the Marine Corps use of irregular warfare to accomplish the mission. Lieutenant Presley N. O’Bannon, Battle of Derna 27 March 1805: On 8 March 1805 Lieutenant O’Bannon accompanied by a sergeant and six privates moved out with a polyglot army formed in Alexandria, Egypt, of Arabs, Europeans, and Greek mercenaries began the six-hundred mile trek across an ocean of desert leading to Derna. With 100 camels and some mules slogging through the red, hot sand from Alexandria, Egypt, it took 45 days to complete the journey. On at least four occasions, O’Bannon’s Marines assisted in quelling mutinies among the Arabs caused by internal dissention and short rations. The attack was to be two-pronged: Hamet Karamanli, the brother of the ruling Pasha of Tripoli, was to attack the governor’s castle with his Mamelukes, while O’Bannon would lead the assault on the harbor fort. Leading a frontal assault on the fort, O’Bannon finally drove the Tripolitans from the fort after two hours of desperate fighting and captured the fort’s guns before they could be spiked. O’Bannon had carried a US flag with him, and now, for the first time in history, the Stars and Stripes was raised over foreign soil. Repulsing a number of vigorous assaults on the fort, O’Bannon gave the United States its first victory of American land forces on foreign soil. Hamet Karamanli reputedly gave O’Bannon his personal mameluke sword in recognition of Lt. O’Bannon’s bravery in the engagement. The dress sword with ivory hilt and gold eagle head was adopted for Marine Corps Officer use by Commandant Archibald Henderson in 1825, distributed in 1826, and worn continuously except for years 1859-75 when Marine Officers were required to wear the Army M1850 foot officers’ sword. 2. Spanish-American War 1898 and Philippine Insurrection 1900: In the 30 years following the Civil War, the Marine Corps managed to survive by the skin of its teeth. Only 2000 men remained in the Corps and there was pressure to abolish it altogether. After being appointed the new Marine Corps Commandant by President Ulysses S. Grant, Colonel Charles McCawley spent considerable time on actual recruitment and began to the improve the esprit de corps through new training techniques for recruits, and initiating a new promotion scheme for professional officers. McCawley’s new breed of officers were all graduates of the US Naval Academy at Annapolis, and would dominate the Corps for the next fifty years. Unfortunately, ill health cause McCawley to retire in January 1891, but his successor, Colonel Charles Heywood carried on in his footsteps and improved the efficiency and public image of the Corps. The first test for the new and improved Marine Corps was the Spanish-American War. By the 1890s Spain had lost most of its empire, but in the Caribbean it still had Cuba and Puerto Rico. In the Pacific it retained the Philippines and Guam. The war was sparked by Cuba’s efforts to win its freedom and by the growing nationalism and imperialism sweeping the United States. Spain did not want war with the United States and offered an armistice but after the unexplained sinking on 15 February 1898 of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, war feelings were running high and this was not acceptable. From the very beginnin	RAF - Operation Chastise_new Operation Chastise Attack on Ruhr Dams by aircraft of 617 Squadron on the night of 16-17 May 1943 Concept: The Air Ministry originally considered the Ruhr dams as a possible target early as 1937. A number of proposals and studies were undertaken between 1938 and 1941, though none produced a proper plan with all the necessary components of a viable weapon and feasible means of delivery. Command: Wing Commander Guy Gibson The Squadron: A new squadron was formed at Scampton on 21st March 1943, initially known as “X” Squadron and latterly as 617 Squadron, and the 24 year old Wing Commander Guy Gibson was personally selected to lead it by none other than Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur “Bomber” Harris, the Commander-in-Chief of Bomber Command. Gibson had flown 71 bomber sorties and an entire tour of 99 sorties on night fighters and was already the holder of four gallantry awards - the Distinguished Service Order and bar and the Distinguished Flying Cross and bar. Despite the “elite” tag and the presence of some very experienced airmen – e.g. the two flight commanders, Sqn Ldrs Dinghy’ Young and ‘Henry Maudslay, and experienced pilots such as Dave Shannon, ‘Hoppy’ Hopgood, Les Knight and Joe McCarthy - NOT all 617 Sqn air crew were veterans. Some had flown fewer than 10 missions and one less than 5 and some of the flight engineers on the raid were flying their first operational sortie. Not all had volunteered for 617, and not all were known to or selected by Gibson: one entire flight of 57 Squadron was simply posted en masse to 617 Squadron. The Weapon: Codenamed “Upkeep” The brainchild of Barnes Wallis of Vickers Armstrong, who had been working separately on some method of attacking dasince 1940 but probably did not conceive of the “bouncing bomb” idea until March 1942. He was given access and assistance by a variety of research bodies, including the National Physical Laboratories at Teddington, the Road Research Laboratory at Harmondsworth and the Building Research Station at Garston near Watford. Experiments which involved exploding charges against model dams at these sites, and the destruction of a real 180 foot disused dam in Wales, gave Wallis valuable data, but also showed that the task was far from easy and that any explosion preferably needed to take place in contact with the dam wall. He persisted with a series of experiments and meanwhile attempted to persuade the powers that be of the project’s viability in the face of various bureaucratic hurdles and military scepticism. Nevertheless, prior to final approval on February 26th 1943 a full-scale weapon was, in the words of one noted historian, “scarcely more than an inventor’s dream”. However, because the optimum time to attack the dams was in the spring, when the reservoirs were full, when approval did come it left very little time to design and produce the weapons themselves. On 26th February 1943 there were neither modified aircraft nor weapons, nor drawings of either. Wallis began to draw the first full-scale drawing of an Upkeep mine only on 27th February, just eleven weeks before the raid took place. “Upkeep “was effectively a 9250lb cylindrical mine or depth charge containing 6,600 lbs of Torpex underwater explosive and three hydrostatic pistols set to explode at 30ft below the surface. It was just under five feet long and just over four feet in diameter. The mine was held in the bomb-bay between twin sprung callipers, and a hydraulic motor imparted back spin at a rate of 500 rpm. The mine was intended to bounce across the water rather like a skipping stone, thus avoiding any torpedo nets. When it struck the dam wall the backspin would cause it to remain in contact with the face of the dam as it sank thus focusing the force of the explosion against the wall sufficient to rupture the massive stone structure. Aircraft: Modified Avro Lancaster B Mk III Special known as “Type 464 Provisioning”. The mid-upper gun turret along with the bomb-bay doors was removed and callipers along with a drive motor and belt fitted in th	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,080	What sort of creature is a 'Blue Tongue'?	Why do some animals have blue tongues? \| MNN - Mother Nature Network MNN.com > Earth Matters > Animals Why do some animals have blue tongues? A wide variety of creatures have them, but not for the reason you might think. (Come to think of it, wouldn't it be cool if some humans had them?) Photo: Nagel Photography /Shutterstock I’ve always heard that giraffes had blue tongues, and being a frequent visitor of the giraffe feeding at Lion Country Safari in Loxahatchee, Fla., I was pleased to have had the opportunity to see one up close — though giraffe’s tongues have more of a gray hue than being truly bright blue. One animal with a startlingly bright blue tongue? The aptly named blue-tongue skink , native of Australia and on display in many zoos across the country. The blue-tongue skink is actually a type of lizard and it sticks out its blue tongue when threatened to scare away predators. There are a number of lizards with blue tongues, all found in Australia, all thought to have the blue tongue as a means of protection against predators. Just to name a few: The Eastern blue tongue lizard, the pygmy blue tongue lizard, and the bob-tailed blue tongue lizard. Interesting fun fact? Like other lizards, blue tongue lizards can smell through their tongues, which explain why they stick them out so much (though that still doesn’t explain why Michael Jordan always stuck out his tongue.). Some believe that giraffes have blue tongues to scare away predators too, but that answer doesn’t make much sense to me. Being an avid watcher of the Discovery Channel, I can tell you that a lion about to pounce on an unknowing giraffe doesn’t really get a good look at its tongue before it makes the kill. So why do giraffes have blue tongues? Some say that it provides sun protection for their tongues, since they don’t get much shade up there above the trees — a great answer for why giraffes have blue tongues, but again not an adequate explanation for why okapi (the giraffe’s cousin with shorter necks) have blue tongues too. I can tell you with authority that both okapis’ and giraffes’ tongues are absurdly long, like 20 inches long, like long enough to wrap its tongue around a large leaf of lettuce and still touch your hand at the end of it. Speaking of which, the giraffe feeding at the zoo calls to mind one of the many moments when as a parent, you just have to suck it up and pretend to be brave so your preschooler doesn’t end up being a scaredy-cat just like you. For me, that ranks up there with things like the petting zoo (I hate goats) and picking up lizards in your bathroom and letting them go in your backyard (I hate lizards). All things you do in front of your kids but would never do if you were alone (and frankly, an adult alone in the petting zoo would be kind of weird anyway). Another animal with a blue tongue is the Chow-Chow dog, a sturdy, squarely built dog from China. It’s not known why these dogs have blue tongues, but it is known that Sigmund Freud owned a Chow-Chow himself, and was known to bring him to therapy sessions with him since he believed that dogs had a keen sense when it came to knowing people. I’m just full of fun facts today, aren’t I? There you have it, folks. Why some animals have blue tongues and their (in some cases, lack of) explanation. Related weird animal stories on MNN:	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 2nd February - The Questions Macclesfield Pub Quiz League SET BY THE ROBIN HOOD 1. Arts and Entertainments 8. Sport (Pics) Apologies for the smaller than traditional pictures…we live in austere times. sorry I'm having some problems with the pictures - I'll come back to it but have posted in the meantime - Nick Arts and Ents – Waxing Lyrical. Identify either the song/novel/poem OR the singer/band/author as appropriate. Q1 With reference to our stay in the A-League…. 2002 Song, taken from album “A rush of blood to the head” – Nobody said it was easy No one ever said it would be this hard Oh take me back to the start Coldplay or “The Scientist” 1993 Song taken from album “Pablo Honey” I’m a _BLANK_, I'm a weirdo, What the hell am I doing here? I don't belong here. I only knew what hunted thought quickened his step, and why He looked upon the garish day with such a wistful eye; The man had killed the thing he loved and so he had to die. Oscar Wilde or “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” Q4 My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunkMy heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk Ode to a Nightingale – John Keats Q5 1987 Song taken from the album “Actually” At school they taught me how to be so pure in thought and word and deed They didn't quite succeed Pet Shop Boys or “It’s a Sin” Q6 1967 Song from an eponymous album The room was humming harder As the ceiling flew away When we called out for another drink The waiter brought a tray Procol Harum or “A Whiter Shade of Pale” Q7 "All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way." Leo Tolstoy or “Anna Karenina” Q8 1963 Novel "It was a queer, sultry summer, the summer they electrocuted the Rosenbergs, and I didn't know what I was doing in New York." Sylvia Plath, or “The Bell Jar” S1 Supp 1 1989 Novel "To be born again," sang Gibreel Farishta tumbling from the heavens, "first you have to die." Salman Rushdie or “The Satanic Verses” S2 Song – Original Artist from 1975 or title Required She tied you to a kitchen chair She broke your throne, and she cut your hair Hallelujah or “Leonard Cohen” Geography – Picture Round. Identify the country from the image provided. Q1 S1 / VI 1 SUPP/VISUALLY IMPAIRED 1. Kinshasa is one of the 20 biggest cities (by population) in the world. In which country is it found. DR Congo (accept Zaire with reluctance) S2/ VI 2 Dili is the capital of which country which achieved independence in 2002. East Timor/ ( or Timor-Leste) Runners Up – in honour of the position the Robin keeps achieving on a Tuesday night. In each case you will be given the name of a winner of an event. Name the memorable 2nd placer. Q1 1997 General Election. Enfield Southgate constituency. Winner, Stephen Twigg (Labour) Michael Portillo (..were you still up for him?...) Q2 2015. General Election. Twickenham Constituency. Winner, Tania Mathias (Conservative) Vince Cable 2002 Pop Idol. Winner – Will Young Gareth Gates 2009 Britain’s Got Talent. Winner – Diversity Susan Boyle 2015. General Election. Thanet South Constituency. Winner Craig Mackinlay (Conservative) Nigel Farage 2015 General Election. Bradford West constituency. Winner Naseem Shah (Labour) George Galloway 1990-1994. 5 World Snooker Championship Finals. Winners – Stephen Hendry and John Parrott Jimmy White 1993 Wimbledon Ladies Singles (tearfully). Winner: Steffi Graf Jana Novotna 2000 US Presidential Election. Winner: George W. Bush Al Gore Science – Periodic Table. All of these are chemical elements – but there are other routes to the answer if you are not a scientist. Slight errors in the ending of the name should be tolerated. Q1 Atomic Number 84. Radi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,081	What was the name of the judge, known as 'The Hanging Judge', in the Bloody Assizes of 1685?	Judge Jeffreys of the "Bloody Assizes" (England, 1685) Judge Jeffreys of the "Bloody Assizes" (England, 1685) Was his reputation as an egregious courtroom bully deserved? Copyright � 2003 by Hugo S. Cunningham First posted 20030215 Sir George Jeffreys, Recorder of London 1678-80. Painting by an unknown artist. (National Portrait Gallery) Source of photo -- frontispiece of P. J. Helm, Jeffreys. We scanned the head only from a 3/4 length seated portrait. Index The Whig view , prevalent in literature a moderate view by Whig historian G.M. Trevelyan (1904) ferociously partisan contemporary pamphlets The Merciful Assizes (heavy-handed satire) the unabashedly partisan (but eloquent) Lord Macaulay (1848) Revisionist views: P.J. Helm Biographical summaries Jeffreys, George, first Baron Jeffreys (1644-1689) educated at St. Paul's School, at Westminster, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, was lord chief justice, 1682. He presided at the trial of Titus Oates, and is chiefly notorious for his brutality and as the judge who held the 'Bloody Assizes.' He was arrested in 1688 and died in the Tower after petitioning for a pardon. Source: editor Sir Paul Harvey, The Oxford Companion to English Literature 4th Edition, 1967; p. 428. From BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northeast/guides/halloffame/historical/judge_george_jeffreys.shtml George Jeffreys was born at Acton Park in 1648, the son of John Jeffreys and Margaret Ireland. His grandfather was a judge in North Wales and George eventually decided on a career in law much to his parents' disapproval. Educated at Shrewsbury and St Paul's Westminster and Cambridge. He began his studies in the Inner Temple in 1663 and was acting as an advocate before he was officially called to the bar. He entered Gray's Inn. He was appointed Solicitor General to the Duke of York later James II and was knighted in 1677. He became recorder of London in 1678. At the age of 33 he became Lord Chief Justice of England and a privy counsellor and two years later Lord Chancellor. In 1683 he was created Baron Jeffreys of Wem. He is known as Hanging Judge Jeffreys because of the punishment he handed out at the trials of the supporters of the Duke of Monmouth. In 1688 when James II fled the country, Jeffreys was placed in the Tower of London for his own safety. He died there the following year aged 44 of kidney disease. --Courtesy Wrexham County Borough Council In 1685, Charles II died and his Catholic brother James II succeeded to the throne. He expressed no intention to impose Catholicism on an intensely anti-Catholic England, but militant Whigs distrusted him anyways. Some supported a revolt by Charles II's illegitimate son the Duke of Monmouth (1685), but it was speedily suppressed, confined to the southwest of England. James II send Judge Jeffreys (and a couple of others) to try the defeated rebels; the resulting "Bloody Assizes," especially as written up by Macaulay (see below ), would make Jeffreys's reputation in history. James II now overplayed his hand, dismissing Parliament (1685), appointing Catholics as officials, allying himself with the cruelly despotic Louis XIV of France, dismissing Anglican clergyman who did not support his Catholic policy, and mobilizing large armies in both Ireland (largely Catholic, hence inspiring intense English distrust) and just outside London. In particular, his attack on the Anglican Church neutralized much of his support amoung "Tories." The 1685 execution of the rebel Duke of Monmouth united Whig opinion behind the only remaining Protestant claimant to the throne, William of Orange, husband of James II's daughter Mary. In 1688, Whigs and disaffected Tories invited him to invade England, drive out James II, and assume the English throne with Queen Mary. Since the Whigs won, they got to write English history. Those who had suppressed Whig rebels (eg Judge Jeffreys) now were illegitimate. Jeffreys, lodged in prison and soon dying of ill-health anyways, was also used as a convenient scapegoat by the exiled James II (still hoping for an eventual res	Book Some of the book titles and authors mentioned on the television show Jeopardy Edmund Hoyle, Alfred Nobel, Cecil Rhodes, Joseph Pulitzer, Hugo Awards are a set of awards given annually for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. Books I want to read again by Ray Sahelian, M.D. A collection of sheets of paper bound together to hinge at one edge, containing printed or written material, pictures. I wish i had more time to read books, I tend to gravitate more towards watching the latest news on TV and watch the History channel Bradstreet, to my dear and loving husband Edwards, fire and brimstone lectures, great awakening Thomas Paine 1718-1799 common sense 1776, the American crisis 1776-83-these are the times that try mens souls, the Rights of Man 1791, James Fenimore Cooper 1789-1851 Deerslayer frontiersman Natty Bumppo is the protagonist of pentalogy of novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales. he adopts life of natives. Last of the Mohicans (Unkas is indian during french and indian war). Pathfinder Dew-of-june, an Indian heroine, appears in his novel "The Pathfinder" Pioneers Clement Moore 1779�1863 Professor of Oriental and Greek Literature. yuletide poem "A Visit from St. Nicholas" stockings were hung by the chimney with care Washington Irving 1783-1859 History of New York by Diedrich Kickerbocker was actually written by him Rip Van Winkle fell asleep in Catskill mountains for 20 years Legend of Sleepy Hollow Ichabod Crane terrorized by Brom Bones dressed up as headless horseman to scare the schoolmaster away from Katrina, the almighty dollar that great object of universal devotion throughout our land. Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804-1864 themes of sin and guilt, Massachusetts author whose last completed novel, �The Marbel Faun�, is set in Italy Blithdale romance, House of seven Gables. Colonel Pyncheon is cursed by convicted wizard Matthew Maule Scarlett Letter a, hester prynne is convicted of adultery, Arthur Dimsdale is the father of Hester Prynne's daughter Pearl Twice told tales. collection contains 39 of his stories Richard Henry Dana 1815�1882 lawyer from Massachusetts, the memoir Two Years Before the Mast. voyage he took around Cape Horn 1850 to 1900 Ned Buntline 1823-1886 dime novels and the Colt Buntline Special he is alleged to have commissioned from Colt's Manufacturing Company. Horatio Alger 1832�1899 best known for his many formulaic juvenile novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds. Among his many books for boys are the Ragged Dick and Tattered Tom series Bryant, thanatopsis Herman Melville, 1819-1891 Billy Budd Melville title sailor who personifies innocence Moby Dick white sperm whale, call me Ishmael, first published in 1851, captain Ahab's harpoon. He's a weak-willed king in the Old Testament or a whaler captain in "Moby Dick" Ahab. Queequeg is the first principal character encountered by the narrator, serves as the chief harpooner aboard the Pequod. Omoo", is subtitled "Adventures in the South Seas" Typee He lived for several weeks among the cannibalistic Typee before he wrote the book of the same name Edward Everett Hale 1822 � 1909) Unitarian clergyman. and author of Man without a Country It's where Philip Nolan asked to be buried at sea Lew Wallace, 1827-1905 Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ is a novel published on 1880. Considered the most influential Christian book of the nineteenth century Bret Harte 1836-1902 pioneering life in California. The Outcasts of Poker Flat Mark Twain 1835�1910 Samuel Langhorne Clemens, grew up in Hannibal, Missouri. A reporter for the Virginia City, Nev. Territorial Enterprise first used this byline Mark Twain in 1863, "Always do right." he wrote; "This will gratify some people and astonish the rest" The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is an 1889 novel , Merlin the Magician cast a spell putting this title character to sleep for 1,300 years Innocen	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,082	In the 2003 film Love Actually, which actor plays the part of the pop star Billy Mack who is first seen recording the song Christmas is All Around?	Love Actually (2003) - Bill Nighy info Bill Nighy info Bill Nighy – Billy Mack – Love Actually – as cool as it gets Awards and nominations Bill Nighy won a BAFTA for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role for his role as Billy Mack in Love Actually (2003). He also won the Peter Sellers Award for Comedy for this role. And won a ALFS award (London Critics Circle Film Awards), and a LAFCA Award (Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards). Apart from that he was nominated for a Golden Satellite Award. Bill Nighy about Billy Mack “There’s a frustrated rock’n’roller inside me,” says Bill, 53. “I used to practise in front of the wardrobe mirror with a tennis racquet when was I was 14, trying to throw a few moves that might suggest I could be good in bed. “But I don’t know what I’d do it if really becomes Number One at Christmas. It would be incredibly marvellous.” — Journalist: Bill, you played your part excellent as the rock star. Do you have any dreams of being a rock star, being in a band or something? Bill Nighy: Thank you very much! Yes I dreamed that dream when I was a young boy, like I was a rock star… and I did throw a few shapes in front of the bathroom mirror. I hoped that I might get “selected”, you know… This rock´n´roll life didn’t happen. And I used to be a keen air guitar player and was hoping that at some point visit Finland, where the world championships are found each year. I thought I’d be the first air guitar player that actually takes time to tune the air guitar! They never tune it right… — “I was actually in a band once, in the garage with five guys, but we were all so self-conscious and damaged by it all that we never really saw the light of day – we never got out of the garage.” Trailer The critics: The connecting thread in the film provides some of the funniest moments, thanks in part to a wonderful comic performance from Bill Nighy as ageing pop idol Billy Mack. A former drug addict and reformed hellraiser, he’s on the comeback trail with a sickly seasonal version of ‘Love Is All Around’ that gradually starts to work its way up the charts. As Billy makes the round of television and radio shows (a handy opportunity for cameos from Parky and Ant and Dec), he displays a glorious ability to speak the truth and embarrass with his frankness. It would not be at all surprising if Nighy were to wind up with the genuine Christmas number one. (The Scotsman) Aside from all the hearts and flowers, though, it’s Bill Nighy’s uproarious turn as an over-the-hill rocker promoting a novelty record that really delivers the laughs. Radiotimes.com Bill Nighy gives one of the two memorable performances in Love Actually (the other one is Emma Thompson’s) and the film would collapse without their support. Guardian The best, hands down, involves a former rock star, Billy (Bill Nighy), who wants to have a Christmas hit so badly he’s willing to be honest with his fans and the media. He’s a kick. eugeneweekly.com Now for the good stuff. Bill Nighy as an aging rock star is a comedic delight, with his cheesy Christmas hit video paying brilliant homage to pop star Robert Palmer’s 80s music video for Addicted To Love. It’s also a fabulous send up of any rock star who hasn’t realised he’s well past his sell-by-date. Nighy clearly thoroughly enjoys hamming it up to within an inch of his acting life. […] However the must-see is Billy Mack’s (Nighy) send up of and tribute to Robert Palmer’s video for Addicted To Love, shown in all it’s full hysterical glory. It panders to every aging rocker’s fantasy. moviehole.net – DVD review Plot: Follows the lives of eight very different couples in dealing with their love lives in various loosely interrelated tales all set during a frantic month before Christmas in London, England. It is an English, Portuguese, French movie, released in 2003 and Bill Nighy, Gregor Fisher, Rory MacGregor, Colin Firth played the lead parts. The genre of this movie is Comedy, Drama, Romance. Love Actually has an IMDB Rating of 7.7 and a Metascore of 55. It has been directed by Richard Curtis and is written b	Simon Callow - Biography - IMDb Simon Callow Jump to: Overview (3) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Trade Mark (2) \| Trivia (18) \| Personal Quotes (4) Overview (3) 5' 7" (1.7 m) Mini Bio (1) Simon Callow was born on June 13, 1949 in London, England as Simon Phillip Hugh Callow. He is an actor and writer, known for Amadeus (1984), Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1995) and Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). Trade Mark (2) Often plays Charles Dickens or Dickensian characters His plummy English accent Trivia (18) He was awarded C.B.E. (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in the 1999 Queen's Birthday Honors List for his services to drama. He was awarded the Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 1992 (1991 season) for Best Director of a Musical for "Carmen Jones". He was awarded the Patricia Rothermel Award at the 1999 London Evening Standard Theatre Awards for his outstanding services to theatre. Started acting after Sir Laurence Olivier 's insistence that if he wanted to act, he should take a job at the box office of the Old Vic Theatre in London. Played the role of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in the stage version of "Amadeus" before appearing in the film version, in which he played "Emmanuel Schikaneder", who appeared in the first performance of Mozart's "The Magic Flute" and wrote the opera's libretto. Played Charles Dickens and the voice of "Ebeneezer Scrooge" in the 2001 animated movie, Christmas Carol: The Movie (2001), before playing Charles Dickens once again in the 2006 revival of Doctor Who (2005). In the Independent on Sunday 2006 Pink List - a list of the most influential gay men and women - he came no. 28, down from 26. Callow is the author of numerous books, including a biography of Charles Laughton , a book on acting and, most recently, a multi-volume biography of Orson Welles . His first television role was to have been that of 'First Crew Member' in Carry on Laughing!: Orgy and Bess (1975). His scene was ultimately cut from the episode, although his name remains listed in the closing credits. The names of George Coulouris and Agnes Moorehead are consistently mis-spelled throughout his book "Orson Welles: The Road To Xanadu", which also refers to "Touch Of Evil" as "A Touch Of Evil"; this latter mistake also occurs in his later book about Welles, "Hello, Americans". Has said in interviews, he has not had a television set for a number of decades. His father was of English descent, while his mother was of Danish, French, German, and English ancestry. Release of his book, "Being An Actor". [1986] Performing at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in Ontario, Canada. There Reigns Love - Devised and performed by Simon Callow. July 11 - August 3. [June 2008] He is currently playing "Count Fosco" in "The Woman in White" at the Palace Theatre in London. [September 2005] He appeared in two Best Picture Academy Award winners: Amadeus (1984) and Shakespeare in Love (1998). Has appeared as a character named Kemp in episodes of two different television series, 'Scarecrow and Mrs. King' in 1984 and 'Inspector Morse' in 1987. He's descended from circus performers - his great great grandmother was a bareback rider and his great grandfather was a clown. Personal Quotes (4) [on Alec Guinness ] He wrote to tell me he had just seen A Passage to India (1984), and as the lights had come up he had vomited in shame at his own performance as Professor Godbole. [on receiving the C.B.E. under the Tony Blair government] Being honoured by one's country is even better than winning a Tony Award. But since it comes from Downing Street, I suppose in a sense it is a Tony. I love storytelling and I love just relating directly to an audience. That's why we do theatre, it's because we love contact with the audience. We love the fact that the audience will change us. The way the audience responds makes us change our performance. [on William Shakespeare ] It's the most melodious words ever written in the English language. It's also in rhythm, you know, like music, and people love that. See also	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,083	Angel, Itatinga, Cuquenan, Ormeli, and Tysse are all what?	Waterfall - definition of waterfall by The Free Dictionary Waterfall - definition of waterfall by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/waterfall A steep descent of water from a height; a cascade. waterfall (ˈwɔːtəˌfɔːl) n (Physical Geography) a cascade of falling water where there is a vertical or almost vertical step in a river wa•ter•fall (ˈwɔ tərˌfɔl, ˈwɒt ər-) n. 1. a steep fall or flow of water in a watercourse from a height, as over a precipice; cascade. 2. a simulation of this, as in a garden or hotel lobby. [before 1000] A stream falling over a cliff-like step in the bedrock. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: body of water , water - the part of the earth's surface covered with water (such as a river or lake or ocean); "they invaded our territorial waters"; "they were sitting by the water's edge" cascade - a small waterfall or series of small waterfalls cataract - a large waterfall; violent rush of water over a precipice river - a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek); "the river was navigable for 50 miles" waterfall noun cascade , fall , cataract , chute , linn (Scot.), force (Northern English dialect) Angel Falls, the world's highest waterfall Waterfalls Angel Falls, Churchill Falls, Cleve-Garth, Cuquenan, Iguaçú Falls, Itatinga, Kaieteur Falls, Niagara Falls, Ormeli, Pilao, Ribbon, Roraima, Sutherland Falls, Tysse, Vestre Mardola, Victoria Falls, Yellowstone Falls, Yosemite Falls Translations [ˈwɔːtəfɔːl] N → cascada f, salto m de agua ; (larger) → catarata f waterfall [ˈwɔːtərfɔːl] n → chute f d'eau water feature n → pièce f d'eau waterfall water (ˈwoːtə) noun a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen. She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; (also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water. water ماء вода água voda, vodní das Wasser, Wasser-... vand; vand- νερό agua vesi آب vesi eau מים पानी voda víz air vatn acqua 水 물 vanduo ūdens air water vann , vann- woda água apă вода voda; vodný voda voda vatten น้ำ; เกี่ยวกับน้ำ su 水 вода پانی nước 水 verb 1. to supply with water. He watered the plants. natlei يَرُش، يَسْقي водоснабдявам regar zalévat bewässern vande ποτίζω regar ; abrevar kastma آبياري كردن kastella arroser לְהַשקוֹת सींचना zalijevati, zaliti (meg)öntöz mengairi vökva innaffiare , annaffiare 水を与える 물을 공급하다 (pa)laistyti []laistīt menyiram, menjirus begieten vanne podlewać regar a uda поливать poliať zaliti zalivati vattna ให้น้ำ; รดน้ำ sulamak 澆水 поливати, зрошувати پانی دینا tưới cây; cho uống nước 浇水 2. (of the mouth) to produce saliva. His mouth watered at the sight of all the food. water يَسيلُ اللُعاب увлажнявам със слюнка encher-se de água slinit wässern løbe i vand τρέχουν τα σάλια μου hacerse la boca agua vett jooksma آب آفتادن vesi kielellä saliver לְהַזִיל मुंह में पानी आना curiti (sline) nyáladzik mengeluarkan liur fyllast af vatni avere l'acquolina in bocca よだれが出る 침을 흘리다 prisirinkti seilių (par siekalām) saskriet mutē terliur, kecur watertanden løpe i vann ślinić się encher-se de água a saliva выделять слюну sliniť sliniti se proizvoditi pljuvačku vattnas น้ำลายไหล sulanmak 流口水 виділяти слину منھ میں پانی بھر آنا chảy nước bọt 淌口水 3. (of the eyes) to fill with tears. The dense smoke made his eyes water. laat traan تَدْمَع العُيون сълзя encher-se de lágrimas slzet tränen løbe i vand νερά llorar vett jooksma آبريزش داشتن täyttyä kyynelistä pleurer לְהַזִיל आंसू आना ispuniti suzama könnyezik mengeluarkan air mata tárast, vökna lacrimare 涙が出る 눈물이 고이다 ašaroti asarot berair, mengeluarkan air mata tranen renne łzawić encher-se de lágrimas a plânge слезиться slziť solziti se napuniti suzama tåras น้ำตาไหล yaşarmak 流淚 сльозитися آنکھ میں آنسو آنا làm chảy nước mắt 流泪 ˈwaters noun plural a body of water such as the sea, a river etc. the stormy waters of the ba	Free Flashcards about GK 9 Which science-fiction writer coined the term "cyberspace"? William Gibson What is a male swan known as? Cob What is a female swan known as? Pen Which giant screen film projection system, which gives an enhanced visual impact, has its origins in Montreal's Expo 67? IMAX Which actress was born Lucille Fay LeSueur in San Antonio, Texas, in 1908? Joan Crawford Which military leader poisoned himself in Bithynia in Asia Minor in around 182BCE? Hannibal What is the branch of astronomy that is concerned solely with the moon called? Selenology The mouflon, native to Corsica and Sardinia, is a small, wild form of which animal? Sheep Which religion, founded in 3rdC CE Persia, at its 3rd-7thC height one of the world's biggest, taught an elaborate dualistic cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness? Manichaeism The Loyalty Islands in the Pacific are part of which territory? New Caledonia Which orchestral march by William Walton was first performed at the coronation of King George VI, and was used as the recessional music at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in 2011? Crown Imperial What was the real name of 'Dr Seuss'? Theodore Geisel The sixth labour of Hercules involved defeating what sort of creatures who were destroying the countryside around Lake Stymphalia? Birds The address of which constituent college of the University of London is: Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE? London School of Economics Extending from 500 to 10,000 kilometres above the earth’s surface, what is the uppermost layer of the earth’s atmosphere called – beyond which there is only outer space? Exosphere Which species of cat, with scientific name Acinonyx jubatus, is found in much of Africa, can be known as the hunting leopard, and is unusual among cats in having claws which are not fully retractable? Cheetah At the Academy Awards held in February 2015, Ida became the first film from which nation to win the award for Best Foreign Language Film? Poland What shrub gave its name to the revolution which saw Zine El Abidine Ben Ali overthrown as President of Tunisia in 2011? Jasmine Which musical features numbers including "Gee, Officer Krupke" and "I Feel Pretty"? West Side Story What flower gave its name to the revolution which saw Askar Akayev overthrown as President of Kyrgyzstan in 2005? Tulip What name is given to the Persian language in Afghanistan? Dari How was the Amu Darya river known in Ancient times? Oxus Which mountain range divides the Amu Darya and Indus valleys? Hindu Kush Give a year in the rule of the Achaemenid Empire. 550-330BCE Which large snake-like lake monster said to live in Lake Seljord in Seljord, Telemark, Norway? Selma Which parliament is located in Karasjok, Norway? Sami parliament Which Norwegian figure skater and film star was a three-time Olympic Champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in Ladies' Singles, a ten-time World Champion (1927–1936) and a six-time European Champion (1931–1936)? Sonja Henie Johann Koss of Norway won four Winter Olympic golds at what sporting event? Speed skating Who won a total of 29 medals in the Olympics and World Championships in the period between 1991 and 1999, making him the most successful cross-country skier in history? Bjorn Daehlie Which Dutch city is the home of Rabobank? Utrecht The bulk of the Great Pyramids at Giza are constructed in which stone? Limestone Which Theban king reunited Egypt after the First Intermediate Period and started the Middle Kingdom? Mentuhotep II Which group of "foreign princes" ruled a part of Northern Egypt during the latter Middle Kingdom at the Second Intermediate Period, from their capital at Avaris? Hyksos Which Egyptian deity was god of the afterlife, the underworld and the dead? Osiris What two-word term indicated the "life-force" in Ancient Egypt that would be reunited with the soul by the process of mummification? Ka Hatshepshut was the widow of which Egyptian king who preceded her as ruler? Tuthmosis II In which century was Tutankhamun's rule of Egypt? F	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,084	Who usually flies in an aircraft with the call-sign 'Shepherd One'?	Pope Francis traveling on 'Shepherd One' - CNNPolitics.com Moments from the Pope's White House arrival Story highlights FAA call sign for the American Airlines flight carrying Pope Francis in the United States is "Shepherd One." American Airlines is affixing the papal seal to the plane; has a long history of flying popes within the country. Washington (CNN) The President flies on Air Force One. The Pope flies on "Shepherd One." That's the Federal Aviation-approved call sign for the Boeing 777 in which he'll be traveling around the United States, according to an official from American Airlines, which will be operating the plane. The papal seal will also be affixed to the side of the aircraft, the only major modification that's planned. However, the flight number will be blocked per a Secret Service request, so the public won't be able to track its progress. Once Francis wraps up his Washington visit and returns to Andrews Air Force Base on Thursday to head to New York, he'll ditch the Alitalia jetliner he's been on and pick up the American Airlines plane. Air traffic control officials will use the name "Shepherd One" when speaking to the American Airlines captain flying the plane. Read More	the RAF Aerobatic Team the Red Arrows, history History Since the first aerial pageant at Hendon in 1920, formation aerobatics have been held in high regard by the Royal Air Force. In the barnstorming days before the Second World War no air display would be complete without the sight of two or more biplanes flying in close proximity, often tied together. With the dawn of the jet age, piston engine aircraft were replaced by the faster and more dramatic of the new front-line jet fighters. The first RAF jet team was formed in 1947 and consisted of three Vampires from the Odiham Wing in Hampshire. By 1950 72 Squadron was flying a team of seven Vampires and 54 Squadron, with their five aircraft, were the first to use smoke. This was achieved by injecting diesel into the jet pipe where the high temperature turned it to white smoke. Rivalry between the RAF fighter squadrons was high and it became the trend for each to form its own team. When 54 Squadron re-equipped with the Hawker Hunter in 1955 they put together a four ship team know as the Black Knights. In 1956, 111 Squadron (Tremblers or Treble One) became the official RAF display team with their five gloss black Hunters. After displaying in France they were applauded as Les Fleches Noires and they soon became know throughout the Continent as the Black Arrows. Two of those original aircraft remained in service until 1995, being used for groundcrew training at RAF Scampton. The RAF sold one to The Royal Jordanian Historic Aircraft Flight and the other to a private buyer in South Africa. In 1957 The Black Arrows were increased to nine aircraft. These were supplemented in 1958 by an additional 13 aircraft from other squadrons in order to perform a 22 aircraft loop and barrel roll at the Farnborough Air Show. This is the greatest number of aircraft ever looped in formation and remains a world record to this day. The Tigers, of 74 Squadron, became the official RAF display team in 1962 with nine Mach 2 Lightnings. At that time 92 Squadron, with the Blue Diamonds, and 56 Squadron, with The Firebirds, could also be seen on the display circuit. In 1964 six Jet Provosts of The Central Flying School (CFS) became the official RAF team, known as The Red Pelicans. The RAF were soon to realize that training aircraft were a much cheaper option to operate than the Lightning. The Squadrons, afterall, seemed to be spending more time at airshows and less time flying operational sorties. The Red Pelicans were not without their rivals and in that same year a five ship of yellow Gnats, known as The Yellow jacks, were formed at RAF Valley in North Wales by Flight Lieutenant Lee Jones. The Folland Gnat was the RAFs advanced jet trainer and its speed and agility made it the perfect machine for formation aerobatics. The following year Jones formed the official RAF display team with a seven ship of red Gnats and called them The Red Arrows. Initially The Red Arrows were based at RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire which was operated by CFS. The team was equipped with a total of ten Gnats although they continued to display seven until 1968. Each had its own three colour smoke generation system and a distinctive red, white and blue colours scheme. In that first year The Red Arrows performed 65 displays in the UK, Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. At the end of that year they were awarded the Britannia Trophy by the Royal Aero Club in recognition of their outstanding contribution to British prestige in the field or aviation. Initially The Red Arrows employed a spare pilot, but soon found this practice to be unsatisfactory. The display routine is a complex one and any reserve pilot would be required to learn all the skills of his colleagues. Since he would rarely be called upon to fly in a display it would be difficult to keep him current and in time he would become frustrated. In the nineteen sixties much of the Central Flying	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,085	Which nation has the coastal state of Tabasco?	Tabasco - Mexico - HISTORY.com Tabasco A+E Networks Introduction This low, flat state still has a large indigenous population that lives primarily in rural areas. Contrary to popular belief, Tabasco was not named after the spicy peppers of the same name, though the state is a major producer of other farm products, including cacao, coconuts, corn (maize), sugarcane and tropical fruits. The commercial and manufacturing center of the state is Villahermosa. Food processing plants and companies producing wood products, cigars, soap and clothing are located throughout the city. History Early History Beginning around 1500 B.C., the Olmec civilization established itself in Tabasco, reaching its cultural and economic peak around 500 B.C. The Olmecs were noted for their superb stone carvings, which ranged from small, finely detailed jade objects to colossal carved-basalt heads that frequently combined human and jaguar features. The state was once the location of La Venta, the largest Olmec city, which contained 18,000 inhabitants at its peak between 800 and 500 B.C.Between 100 and 1000 A.D., the Mayans emerged as the dominant culture in the region, followed by the Toltecs in the 13th century. The word Toltec means master builders, and evidence shows that they were brilliantly skilled architects and artists who smelted metals and created highly sophisticated stonework. The Toltec’s polytheistic religion seems to have centered on the god Quetzalcóatl and featured ceremonies that included human sacrifice, sun worship and a sacred ball game. They are believed to have discovered pulque (a fermented drink) and had considerable astronomical knowledge, as shown by their calendar cycle of 52 years of 260 days each. Did You Know? The variety of peppers used in Tabasco sauce (capsicum frutescens) do not actually grow in this Mexican state. In the 14th century, the Chontales appeared in the Tabasco area; historians believe they may have migrated there from Nicaragua. Chontales is the Mayan name for alien, which is probably the origin of the tribe’s name. Commerce between the Chontales and Mayans led to the development and rise of sizeable cities like Cimatán and Teapa. By 1500 A.D., 135,000 people inhabited the area. In the present-day municipality of Nacajuca, the Chontales represent most of the local population; other Chontales communities are scattered throughout Centla, El Centro, Jonuta and Macuspana. Middle History Spanish explorer Juan de Grijalva’s five-ship expedition in the Caribbean was the first to reach the Tabasco territory in 1518. Soon after, the Spaniards made contact with the Chontales natives who gave them utensils made of gold. The gifts motivated the Spaniards to explore the territory in search of gold mines. A year later, Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés reached the region and successfully defeated the Chontales. A native woman named Malinche became Cortés’ mistress and mother of his son Martín. Malinche learned to speak Spanish and is often accused of providing Cortés with information vital to the defeat of the Aztecs . Complete conquest of Tabasco by the Spaniards was delayed until the late 16th century due to indigenous uprisings and the Spanish preoccupation with dominating the central valley of Mexico . By the end of the 16th century, however, the native population had dwindled to less than 7,500, and fewer than 100 Spanish colonists remained in the area. As part of an initiative to promote the development of agriculture, the Spanish introduced African slaves into the region. Uprisings by these slaves and the indigenous population over their deplorable living conditions hindered the area’s economic development. New uprisings during the 18th century provoked the Spaniards to increase the slave trade and promote new settlements by colonists. Recent History Mexico’s 1810 independence movement had little effect on the citizens of Tabasco. Nevertheless, the country’s liberation led to the state’s freedom from Spanish rule in 1821. Three years later, Tabasco joined the federation of states. Like the rest of the country, 19t	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,086	What is the Greek name for Bacchus the god of wine and revelry?	Dionysus or Bacchus: The Greek God of Revelry and Wine Dionysus or Bacchus: God of Revelry and Wine Dionysus was the Greek god of wine, agriculture, and the theater. He was also the protector of vines, and trees. He was mainly associated with the intoxicating effects of wine . His Roman names are Bacchus and Liber. His followers were known as Bacchants, and his female followers were known as Maenads. He hated owls, which, incidentally, were the symbol of his sister Athena (the goddess of wisdom). His symbols were the wine cup, the thyrsus (a staff with pine cones on top), the vine, and the dolphin. Dionysus was the son of Zeus (the ruler of the gods and the god of storms and the sky) and Semele (a mortal woman). Hera (the wife of Zeus and the goddess of marriage) found out about Zeus and Semele before Dionysus was born. She was furious! In disguise, she went to Semele and said that Hera got to see Zeus in all of his splendor, so why shouldn't Semele get to see him also? Seeing a god or goddess in his/her true form was deadly to mortals, but Semele did not know that. The next time Semele met Zeus she told him that if he truly loved her, he would swear on the river Styx (the most serious oath a deity can make) that he would do any favor that she asked. Zeus gladly obliged, but once he heard her request he was very dismayed, for she had asked to see him as he truly was. He had to do it, because he swore on the river Styx, but in doing so he killed her. However, Zeus took Dionysus, unborn, out of her womb while she was dying and put him in his thigh until he was ready to be born. This time spent in Zeus made Dionysus immortal. Another version of the story is that Dionysus was born before Zeus killed Semele and that Hera fed Dionysus to the titans, who ate everything but his heart. When Zeus found out, he recreated Dionysus around his heart. From this myth comes Dionysian epithet "twice-born". When Dionysus was born, Zeus hid him from Hera by dressing him like a girl and bringing him to Ino, Semeleï¿½s sister. Ino raised Dionysus until Hera found out and tried to kill him. Zeus saved him by turning him into a ram. Then he took him to the nymphs of Mount Nysa. Dionysus once fell in love with a mortal man named Ampellos. However Ampellos was gored by a wild boar. As he died, Dionysus turned him into a grape vine. A bit after this, Hera found Dionysus and drove him mad. He wandered over the deserts of Egypt, looking for water. Then a ram sprung up beside him, took one look, and ran away. Dionysus chased the ram, and, in doing so, found water. Dionysus later built a temple to Zeus where he found water and made the ram a constellation. However, at the moment he was still insane. As Dionysus wandered, he met Rhea (mother of Zeus and goddess of agriculture). She cured his madness and taught him her rites. He then went to India and erected pillars to hold up the sky. Then Dionysus went to Western Asia, where Eros (Cupid) shot both he and Poseidon with an arrow that carried love for Beroe, who was a mortal daughter of Aphrodite (the goddess of love). They both declared that she would be their bride. Aphrodite , dismayed by this state of affairs, said that they would battle each other for Beroe, but after the battle they had to be nice to each other and Beroeï¿½s village. They agreed, and Poseidon won. A Thracian king named Lycurgus once drove Dionysus and his followers into the sea, saying that Dionysus was not truly a god. In revenge, Dionysus drove Lycurgus mad and made all the vine plants in the area stop growing. He then had his oracle say that if Lycurgus was killed, the vine plants would grow again. Meanwhile, Lycurgus was killing his own son with an ax, because in his madness he thought his son was a vine plant. These two events conspired to make the subjects of Lycurgus kill him. True to his word, Dionysus let the vine plants grow again once they killed their king. Dionysus then went to Thebes to punish a woman named Agave for spreading rumors that Zeus really was not his father. Her son, Penethus imprisoned Dionysus, but Di	List of Major Roman Gods Apollo Greek (Apollo) Apollo is the son of Jupiter and Leto, and the twin brother of Diana . He is the god of music, playing a golden lyre. The Archer, far shooting with a silver bow. The god of healing who taught man medicine. The god of light. The god of truth, who can not speak a lie. One of Apollo's more important daily tasks is to harness his chariot with four horses an drive the Sun across the sky. He is famous for his oracle at Delphi. People traveled to it from all over the Greek world to divine the future. His tree was the laurel. The crow his bird. The dolphin his animal. Ceres Greek (Demeter) Corn Goddess. Eternal Mother. the Sorrowing Mother. Grain Mother. Goddess of agriculture, grain, crops, initiation, civilization, lawgiver and the love a mother bears for her child. Protectress of women, motherhood, marriage. Daughter of Saturn and Ops. She and her daughter Proserpine were the counterparts of the Greek goddesses Demeter and Persephone. Her worship involved fertility rites and rites for the dead, and her chief festival was the Cerealia. Diana Greek (Artemis) Fertility Goddess. Moon Goddess. Huntress Goddess. Triple Goddess- Lunar Virgin, Mother of Creatures, the Huntress or Destroyer. Goddess of nature, fertility, childbirth, wildwood, moon, forests, animals, mountains, woods, and women. Goddess of the hunt. In Roman art Diana usually appears as a huntress with bow and arrow, along with a hunting dog or a stag. Both a virgin goddess and an earth goddess, she was identified with the Greek Artemis. She is praised for her strength, athletic grace, beauty and her hunting skills. With two other deities she made up a trinity: Egeria the water nymph (her servant and assistant midwife), and Virbius (the woodland god). Juno Greek (Hera) Queen of the Gods. Jupiters wife and sister, sister to Neptune and Pluto, daughter of Saturn, mother of Juventas, Mars, and Vulcan. Protectress of the Roman state. She was the guardian of the Empire's finances and considered the Matron Goddess of all Rome. The Matronalia, her major festival is March 1-2. Her other festival, on July 7-8, was called Nonae Caprotinae ("The Nones of the Wild Fig"). The month of June was named after her. Jupiter Greek (Zeus) Ruler of the Gods. He is the god of Sky, Lightning and Thunder. He is the son of Saturn and brother of Neptune, Pluto and Juno, who is also his wife. His attribute is the lightning bolt and his symbol the eagle, who is also his messenger. He was also considered the Patron god of Rome, and his temple was the official place of state business and sacrifices. Mars Greek (Ares) God of war, spring, growth in nature, agriculture, terror, anger, revenge, courage and fertility. Protector of cattle. The son of Jupiter and Juno, he was the god of war. Mars was regarded as the father of the Roman people because he was the father of Romulus, the legendary founder of Rome, and husband to Bellona. He was the most prominent of the military gods that were worshipped by the Roman legions. The martial Romans considered him second in importance only to Jupiter. His festivals were held in March (named for him) and October. Mercury Greek (Hermes) God of Trade, Profit, Merchants and Travellers. His main festival, the Mercuralia, was celebrated on May 15 and on this day the merchants sprinkled their heads and their merchandise with water from his well near the Porta Capena. The symbols of Mercury are the caduceus (a staff with two intertwined snakes) and a purse (a symbol of his connection with commerce). Minerva	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,087	Hiroshima was the first city to feel the effects of an atomic bomb. What Japanese city was next to be visited on Aug 9, 1945?	Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - World War II - HISTORY.com Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Author Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki URL A+E Networks Introduction On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Japan’s Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s unconditional surrender in World War II in a radio address on August 15, citing the devastating power of “a new and most cruel bomb.” Google The Manhattan Project Even before the outbreak of war in 1939, a group of American scientists–many of them refugees from fascist regimes in Europe–became concerned with nuclear weapons research being conducted in Nazi Germany. In 1940, the U.S. government began funding its own atomic weapons development program, which came under the joint responsibility of the Office of Scientific Research and Development and the War Department after the U.S. entry into World War II . The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was tasked with spearheading the construction of the vast facilities necessary for the top-secret program, codenamed “The Manhattan Project ” (for the engineering corps’ Manhattan district). Did You Know? After World War II, most of Hiroshima would be rebuilt, though one destroyed section was set aside as a reminder of the effects of the atomic bomb. Each August 6, thousands of people gather at Peace Memorial Park to join in interfaith religious services commemorating the anniversary of the bombing. Over the next several years, the program’s scientists worked on producing the key materials for nuclear fission–uranium-235 and plutonium (Pu-239). They sent them to Los Alamos, New Mexico , where a team led by J. Robert Oppenheimer worked to turn these materials into a workable atomic bomb. Early on the morning of July 16, 1945, the Manhattan Project held its first successful test of an atomic device–a plutonium bomb–at the Trinity test site at Alamogordo, New Mexico. No Surrender for the Japanese By the time of the Trinity test, the Allied powers had already defeated Germany in Europe. Japan, however, vowed to fight to the bitter end in the Pacific, despite clear indications (as early as 1944) that they had little chance of winning. In fact, between mid-April 1945 (when President Harry Truman took office) and mid-July, Japanese forces inflicted Allied casualties totaling nearly half those suffered in three full years of war in the Pacific, proving that Japan had become even more deadly when faced with defeat. In late July, Japan’s militarist government rejected the Allied demand for surrender put forth in the Potsdam Declaration, which threatened the Japanese with “prompt and utter destruction” if they refused. General Douglas MacArthur and other top military commanders favored continuing the conventional bombing of Japan already in effect and following up with a massive invasion, codenamed “Operation Downfall.” They advised Truman that such an invasion would result in U.S. casualties of up to 1 million. In order to avoid such a high casualty rate, Truman decided–over the moral reservations of Secretary of War Henry Stimson, General Dwight Eisenhower and a number of the Manhattan Project scientists–to use the atomic bomb in the hopes of bringing the war to a quick end. Proponents of the A-bomb–such as James Byrnes, Truman’s secretary of state–believed that its devastating power would not only end the war, but also put the U.S. in a dominant position to determine the course of the postwar world. “Little Boy” and “Fat Man” Hiroshima, a manufacturing center of some 350,000 people located about 500 miles from Tokyo, was selected as the first target. After arriving at the U.S. base on the Pacific island of Tinian, the more than 9,000-pound uranium	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 2 \| 1945: Japan signs unconditional surrender Search ON THIS DAY by date About This Site \| Text Only 1945: Japan signs unconditional surrender Japanese officials have signed the act of unconditional surrender, finally bringing to an end six years of world war. In the presence of 50 Allied generals and other officials, the Japanese envoys boarded the American battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay to sign the surrender document. Within half-an-hour of the signing, a convoy of 42 US ships entered Tokyo Bay and landed 13,000 American troops. The Supreme Commander of the Allied powers, US General Douglas MacArthur, briefly addressed the dignitaries on the deck of the battleship urging them to comply with the terms of the surrender "fully, promptly and faithfully". I am safe and in good health. I am a prisoner of war in Japan and am being well treated People's War memories » He continued: "It is my earnest hope and, indeed, the hope of all mankind, that from this solemn occasion a better world shall emerge out of the blood and carnage of the past; a world founded upon faith and understanding, a world dedicated to the dignity of man and the fulfilment of his most cherished wish, for freedom, tolerance and justice." He also referred to the nuclear bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, saying they had "revised the traditional concept of war". The world had had its last chance, he said, and if it did not devise some greater and more equitable system Armageddon would be at its door. Under the terms of the ceasefire, Japan has agreed to end all hostilities, release all prisoners of war, and comply with the terms of the Potsdam declaration, which confines its sovereignty to the four main islands which make up Japan. It has also agreed to acknowledge the authority of the US supreme commander. Although Emperor Hirohito will be allowed to remain as a symbolic head of state. From today the occupying force will be rapidly increased to about 500,000. British landing forces are expected to be relieved by US Army troops within a few days. Some will return home to Britain, others may be deployed for the reoccupation of surrendered ports. The Japanese Prime Minister, Prince Higashi Kuni, broadcast an appeal to his people to obey the terms of the surrender. He said the Japanese had to face defeat squarely and "suffer even the insufferable" in seeking to comply with the Emperor's surrender proclamation. Marshal Joseph Stalin has welcomed the unconditional surrender of Japan. Under the terms of the agreement the disputed southern Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands will pass into Soviet hands. The islands have been occupied by Japan since the Russo-Japanese war of 1904.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,088	What is the name of Tintin’s fox terrier dog?	Wire Fox Terrier \| DOGS \| DOGShaadi.com Wire Fox Terrier Home » Breeds » Terriers » Wire Fox Terrier Wire Fox Terrier The Wire Fox Terrier has descended from the old English black and tan, rough-coated terrier from Durham and Wales. Although for many years the Wire and Smooth Fox Terriers were bred and shown together as one breed with two coat varieties, they were recognized as separate breeds in 1985. The Wire Fox Terrier is first and foremost a hunting terrier and should be fit and fast. Its head is long and wedge-shaped, with small dark eyes and V-shaped ears. The body is shorter than it is tall. Its tail is docked. The coat is double, with a soft undercoat and a hard, wiry, broken outer coat. The color should be predominantly white with patches of color. This coat does require dedicated grooming, including regular brushing, combing, and trimming. The undercoat does shed. Show dogs are hand-stripped, although most pets are groomed with clippers. This is a very active breed that requires daily exercise. Walks are not enough; these dogs need to run, play, train, or hunt for small animals and insects in the bush. All exercise should be in a fenced-in yard because if a small animal is seen, the Wire Fox Terrier will be after it immediately. Training is very important, as Wire Fox Terriers are very bright. Training that is fun yet firm and structured can help keep the dog’s mind challenged, and the dog will then be less prone to getting into trouble. When well motivated, these dogs enjoy many canine sports. Tintin’s dog Milou (Snowy) from Adventures of Tintin is a Wire Fox Terrier. Snowy (Milou), an exceptionally white wire fox terrier, is Tintin’s four-legged companion who travels everywhere with him. The bond between the dog and Tintin is deeper than life, and they have saved each other from perilous situations many times. With a few exceptions, Snowy never speaks (although he is regularly seen thinking in human words), since he is “only a dog”. However, he always manages to communicate well with Tintin despite this. Snowy often adds to the story in many interesting ways. For instance, Snowy is the only character in Flight 714 to remember that he was abducted by aliens. Snowy has rescued Tintin (often by gnawing through restraints or seeking help), or gotten him out of a tight spot by biting or distracting a villain, many times throughout the series. Wire Fox Terriers do best in a home where the owner understands the terrier mindset. An active owner can best keep this breed busy and out of trouble. Wire Fox Terriers do well with older children but may be too rowdy for very small kids. They should not be trusted with smaller pets. Health concerns include hip and knee problems, allergies, and Cushing’s disease.	101 Things You Didn't Know About '101 Dalmatians' \| Moviefone 101 Things You Didn't Know About '101 Dalmatians' by Moviefone Staff This week marks the 50th anniversary of the Disney animated classic '101 Dalmatians.' If you've somehow forgotten, the 1961 movie focuses on Pongo and Perdita, two proud Dalmatian parents, and their search for their 15 puppies, who have been kidnapped by the nasty Cruella De Vil. De Vil wants to skin the dogs for her luxurious new fur coat but gets no help from her bumbling sidekicks, Jasper and Horace. Along their adventure, Pongo and Perdy team up with a countryside full of farm animals, rescue 84 additional stray Dalmatian pups, and return to the home of their owners, the Radcliffes, with a family in the triple digits. You may think you know everything about the beloved family film, but did you know about the dogs' alien adventures or their connection to the rock band Styx ? With sequels, TV shows, remakes and a stage show under its belt, '101 Dalmatians' has amassed a long and impressive history, full of surprising nuggets of trivia. In celebration of the film's 50th anniversary, we present you with 101 things you didn't know about '101 Dalmatians.' But first, refresh your memory by watching a trailer for the classic movie. 1. Technically, the official title is 'One Hundred and One Dalmatians,' but since it's a chore to write that out, it often gets shortened to '101 Dalmatians.' 2. The film is based on the 1956 book 'The Hundred and One Dalmatians' by English novelist Dodie Smith. 3. Dodie Smith herself was the proud owner of nine Dalmatians, including one named Pongo. 4. At one point, Pongo did have a litter of 15 puppies. One of them was stillborn, but Smith's husband managed to revive it. 5. Smith was inspired to write the book after a friend told her "Those dogs would make a lovely fur coat." 6. Smith's story was first serialized in 'Ladies' Home Journal' as 'The Great Dog Robbery.' 7. In the book, Pongo and Perdita are not the parents of the puppies. In the book, the couple is Pongo and Missis Pongo; Perdita is a stray, who had her puppies sold away, and she becomes the wet nurse for Missis' 15 pups. 8. Perdita's long-lost love is named Prince. 9. In 1967, Smith published 'The Starlight Brigade,' a sequel. 10. In 'The Starlight Brigade,' the Dalmatian family teams up with a few strays and some "honorary dogs" (aka cats) to investigate the mystery of why every human in the country -- including their owners, the Dearlys, and Cruella De Vil -- has fallen into a deep sleep, unable to wake up. 11. Then they are visited by Sirius, Lord of the Dog Star, an extraterrestrial dog who appears as the breed of whatever dog is speaking to him. 12. He explains that he has come to Earth to rescue all dogs from the threat of nuclear war and owner abuse, by taking them to outer space with him. 13. A council of dogs, led by Pongo, must deliberate on whether to leave the planet or not. 14. They decide to remain on Earth. To ensure their safety, Sirius has all pets returned safely to their owners and gets every stray dog into the Battersea Dogs & Cats Home. 15. Battersea is the United Kingdom's oldest animal shelter. Established in 1860, the shelter survives entirely on public donations; it took in almost $20 million in 2009. 16. One reason Smith wrote the sequel is because Walt Disney kept sending her letters urging her to make more Dalmatian stories they could adapt. 17. '101 Dalmatians' has the distinction of being the first animated Disney film to take place in a contemporary setting. 18. A newspaper gag in the film about Captain Henrik Kurt Carlsen and the Flying Enterprise freighter, which sank into the Atlantic, places the movie's events in 1952. 19. Getting 'Dalmatians' made into a movie was not easy; Disney was undergoing a budget crisis after their previous film, 'Sleeping Beauty,' had been deemed a commercial failure. 20. Prior to the production of this movie, Disney's animation staff had been cut from over 500 to less than 100 animators. 21. Production was finally made possible due to the de	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,089	A pugilist is a competitor in which sport?	Competition - definition of competition by The Free Dictionary Competition - definition of competition by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/competition 1. The act of competing, as for profit or a prize; rivalry. 2. A test of skill or ability; a contest: a skating competition. 3. Rivalry between two or more businesses striving for the same customer or market. 4. A competitor: The competition has cornered the market. 5. Ecology The simultaneous demand by two or more organisms for a limited environmental resource, such as nutrients, living space, or light. competition 1. the act of competing; rivalry 2. a contest in which a winner is selected from among two or more entrants 3. a series of games, sports events, etc 4. the opposition offered by a competitor or competitors 5. a competitor or competitors offering opposition 6. (Environmental Science) ecology the struggle between individuals of the same or different species for food, space, light, etc, when these are inadequate to supply the needs of all com•pe•ti•tion 1. the act of competing; rivalry for supremacy, a prize, etc.: competition between two teams. 2. a contest for some prize, honor, or advantage: to enter a competition. 3. the rivalry offered by a competitor: small businesses getting competition from the chain stores. 4. a competitor or competitors. 5. the struggle among organisms, both of the same and of different species, for food, space, and other vital requirements. [1595–1605; < Late Latin competītiō=competī-, variant s. of competere to meet, come together (see compete ) + -tiō -tion ; sense influenced by competitor ] Competition See Also: BUSINESS , SPORTS As competitive as two dogs after a bitch in heat —Anon Asking him to compete fairly is like asking a hungry lion to leave the lambs alone —Mike Sommer Competition is like sugar sprinkled on cobbler pie —Elmer Kelton A non-competitive businessman is like an honest crook —Elyse Sommer Playing tennis without keeping score is like apple pie sans la mode —Anon Competition the Devil take the hindmost Every man for himself; survival of the fittest; similar to the more current phrase the last one in is a rotten egg, popular among children. This expression is said to have derived from an old legend concerning the Devil’s school at Toledo where students were instructed in the art of black magic. Each year, as a sort of test, the graduating class was made to run through an underground hall. The last one, if caught by the Devil, would then become his servant. The phrase was used as early as 1611. give [someone] a run for [his] money To provide keen and tough competition, thereby inciting one’s opponent to go all out, to “give it all he’s got” to win. Dating from the 19th century, this expression was originally racing slang. The then current have a run for one’s money was suggestive of a determined struggle and subsequent victory or payoff. Today to give [someone] a run for his money means to make that person work for what would otherwise have been an easy victory. jockey for position To maneuver or compete within the ranks for an advantageous position; to manipulate or pull strings to gain a more favorable position. The allusion is to horse racing and the jockeys’ skillful maneuvering. The expression is now frequently applied to any kind of competitive maneuvering although it has been used in reference to sports since the early part of this century. In Alberta when there was no jury, congestion was caused by lawyers jockeying for position in order to appear before the right judge. (The Times, July, 1955) keeping up with the Joneses Trying to maintain the social standing of one’s neighbors; creating the impression that one is on an equal social or economic stratum as one’s neighbors. This expression was coined in 1913 by Arthur “Pop” Momand, a cartoonist for the New York Globe, who satirized his own social pretensions in his long-running comic strip. The surname Jones was undoubtedly picked to represent the average American of Anglo-Saxon descent. Why … does John Doe choose to speculate on margin? …	Rio Rio You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 3 to 24 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,090	Who played both Eddie Shoestring and Peter Boyd on TV?	Trevor Eve - IMDb IMDb Actor \| Producer \| Soundtrack Trevor Eve was born on July 1, 1951 in Birmingham, England as Trevor John Eve. He is an actor and producer, known for Waking the Dead (2000), Troy (2004) and She's Out of My League (2010). He has been married to Sharon Maughan since March 1, 1980. They have three children. See full bio » Born: a list of 46 people created 12 Apr 2011 a list of 47 people created 22 Nov 2011 a list of 199 people created 11 Sep 2012 a list of 39 people created 19 May 2013 a list of 51 people created 13 Jul 2014 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Trevor Eve's work have you seen? User Polls Waking the Dead Detective Superintendent Peter Boyd / DCI Peter Boyd / Det Supt Peter Boyd / DCI (2000-2011) 2012 Playhouse Presents (TV Series) Robert 2011 The Family Firm (TV Movie) Judge Hamilton 2006 The Family Man (TV Movie) Patrick Stowe 1999 Doomwatch: Winter Angel (TV Movie) Neil Tannahill 1999 An Evil Streak (TV Series) Alex Kyle 1995 Screen Two (TV Series) Alex Fisher 1994 Murder in Mind (TV Movie) Malcolm Iverson 1994 Screen One (TV Series) Malcolm Iverson 1992 The President's Child (TV Movie) Paul LaFlore 1992 Jack's Place (TV Series) Max 1992 Murder, She Wrote (TV Series) Julian Fontaine 1990 Coup de foudre (TV Series) Alphonse Malard 1989 The Stone Age (TV Movie) Dave Stone 1989 Dear John (TV Series) Ricky Fortune 1985-1986 Shadow Chasers (TV Series) Dr. Jonathan MacKensie 1983 A Brother's Tale (TV Series) Gordon Taylor 1983 Jamaica Inn (TV Movie) Jeremiah 'Jem' Merlyn 1977 The Sunday Drama (TV Series) Jim 2011 The Family Firm (TV Movie) (executive producer) 2011 The Body Farm (TV Series) (executive producer - 6 episodes) 2003 Twelfth Night, or What You Will (TV Movie) (executive producer) 2000/I Cinderella (TV Movie) (producer) 1998 Alice Through the Looking Glass (TV Movie) (producer) Hide - The Return of Ricky (1989) ... (performer: "Not On My Birthday") Hide 2015 What Is Unforgotten? (Video documentary short) Himself 2014 Britain's Favourite Detectives (TV Movie documentary) Himself (2006) 2011-2012 The One Show (TV Series) Himself - Guest - Episode #6.2 (2011) ... Himself - Guest 2011 Daybreak (TV Series) 2008 The Cult of... (TV Series documentary) Himself 2005-2006 Top Gear (TV Series) Himself 1980 Call My Bluff (TV Series) Himself (audiobook) "Jamaica Inn". Published by Listen for Leasure Ltd. Copywrite 1981. See more » Publicity Listings: 4 Interviews \| 3 Magazine Cover Photos \| See more » Height: Did You Know? Personal Quote: The programme [ Doctor Who (2005)] is great, but it was created for children in 1963. One doesn't need to say more. They spend a lot of money on Top Gear (2002) as well. I'm not saying that everything popular is bad, but it's desperate when nothing can exist unless it achieves financial rewards. See more » Trivia: Did his lap on Top Gear (1978) in 1 minute 48 seconds - after the first couple of laps in which he buried the wheels in grass and mud, and then had to do an emergency stop as his front right tyre sailed off into the distance. See more » Star Sign:	BBC - Capital - Media Centre Media Centre Bafta-winning Peter Bowker’s adaptation of John Lanchester’s critically acclaimed and bestselling novel Capital Category: BBC One ; Drama Set on a single street in South London, Capital is a portrait of a road transformed by soaring property prices: what was once the home of modest lower-middle class families, Pepys Road has been continuously gentrified into a street of multimillion pound houses. Toby Jones (Marvellous, The Girl), Lesley Sharp (Scott And Bailey, The Shadow Line) Wunmi Mosaku (Dancing On The Edge, In The Flesh) and Adeel Akhtar (Utopia, Four Lions) star in Bafta-winning Peter Bowker’s adaptation of John Lanchester’s critically acclaimed and bestselling novel Capital, produced by Kudos for BBC One. Joined by Rachael Stirling (Detectorists, The Bletchley Circle), Gemma Jones (Marvellous, The Lady Vanishes), Robert Emms (Atlantis, War Horse), Bryan Dick (Wolf Hall, Eric And Ernie) and Radoslaw Kaim (Spies Of Warsaw, Wallander), the line-up also includes multi-award-winning Indian actress Shabana Azmi and, fresh from her Olivier award-winning role in West End musical Once, Zrinka Cvitešić. The denizens of Pepys Road include investment banker Roger (Toby Jones), rubbing his hands in anticipation of his £1m bonus; his spendthrift wife Arabella (Rachael Stirling); Polish builder Bogdan (Radoslaw Kaim), who has come from Warsaw to indulge the rich in their interior decoration whims; Quentina, the Zimbabwean refugee with a PhD, working as a traffic warden (Wunmi Mosaku); local newsagent Ahmed (Adeel Akhtar); and OAP Petunia (Gemma Jones), who has lived her entire life on Pepys Road and who is now contemplating death in the house in which she was born. One day, the street’s residents all receive an anonymous postcard through their front doors bearing a simple message: 'We Want What You Have'. Who is behind the anonymous hate campaign? And what do they want? As the mystery of the postcards deepens, we learn more about this vivid and unforgettable ensemble of characters. Interweaving stories reveal lives filled with love and loss, fear and greed, fortune and envy and most recognisable of all, family and home - stories bursting with piercing and funny observations on modern life and urban existence, of ordinary people who find themselves caught and changed by a city at a time of extraordinary flux. Directed by Euros Lyn (Happy Valley, Last Tango In Halifax), Capital is a 3x60 produced by Kudos for BBC One. Executive producers are Derek Wax (The Hour, From There To Here) and Peter Bowker (Marvellous, From There To Here) for Kudos and Lucy Richer (Marvellous, The Casual Vacancy) for the BBC. It is produced by Matt Strevens (Cucumber, An Adventure In Space And Time). Commissioned by Charlotte Moore, Controller of BBC One and Ben Stephenson, Controller of BBC Drama. Filming took place in London. The full Media Pack, including Q&As with the cast, Peter Bowker and exec producer Derek Wax here CK	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,091	What nationality was the artist Hieronymus Bosch?	Hieronymus Bosch on ArtStack - art online Hieronymus Bosch ( /ˌhaɪ.əˈrɒnᵻməs ˈbɒʃ/ ; [1] Dutch: [ɦijeːˈroːnimɵz ˈbɔs] ; [2] born Jheronimus van Aken [3] [jeːˈroːnimɵs fɑn ˈaːkə(n)] ; [4] c. 1450 – 9 August 1516) was an Early Netherlandish painter . His work is known for its fantastic imagery, detailed landscapes, and illustrations of religious concepts and narratives. [5] Within his lifetime his work was collected in the Netherlands, Austria, and Spain, and widely copied, especially his macabre and nightmarish depictions of hell. Little is known of Bosch's life, though there are some records. He spent most of it in the town of 's-Hertogenbosch , where he was born in his grandfather's house. The roots of his forefathers are in Nijmegen and Aachen (which is visible in his surname: Van Aken). His pessimistic and fantastical style cast a wide influence on northern art of the 16th century, with Pieter Bruegel the Elder being his best-known follower. His paintings have been difficult to translate from a modern point of view; attempts to associate instances of modern sexual imagery with fringe sects or the occult have largely failed. Today he is seen as a hugely individualistic painter with deep insight into humanity's desires and deepest fears. Attribution has been especially difficult; today only about 25 paintings are confidently given to his hand [6] along with 8 drawings. Approximately another half dozen paintings are confidently attributed to his workshop. His most acclaimed works consist of a few triptych altarpieces, the most outstanding of which is The Garden of Earthly Delights . Contents Life[ edit ] Hieronymus Bosch was born Jheronimus (or Joen, [7] respectively the Latin and Middle Dutch form of the name "Jerome") van Aken (meaning "from Aachen "). He signed a number of his paintings as Jheronimus Bosch. [8] The name derives from his birthplace, 's-Hertogenbosch , which is commonly called "Den Bosch" ('the forest'). Little is known of Bosch's life or training. He left behind no letters or diaries, and what has been identified has been taken from brief references to him in the municipal records of 's-Hertogenbosch, and in the account books of the local order of the Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady . Nothing is known of his personality or his thoughts on the meaning of his art. Bosch's date of birth has not been determined with certainty. It is estimated at c. 1450 on the basis of a hand drawn portrait (which may be a self-portrait) made shortly before his death in 1516. The drawing shows the artist at an advanced age, probably in his late sixties. [9] Bosch was born and lived all his life in and near 's-Hertogenbosch, a city in the Duchy of Brabant . His grandfather, Jan van Aken (died 1454), was a painter and is first mentioned in the records in 1430. It is known that Jan had five sons, four of whom were also painters. Bosch's father, Anthonius van Aken (died c. 1478), acted as artistic adviser to the Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady . [10] It is generally assumed that either Bosch's father or one of his uncles taught the artist to paint, but none of their works survive. [11] Bosch first appears in the municipal record on 5 April 1474, when he is named along with two brothers and a sister. The Crucifixion of St Julia is attributed to Bosch's Middle period, c 1497 's-Hertogenbosch was a flourishing city in 15th-century Brabant , in the south of the present-day Netherlands, at the time part of the Burgundian Netherlands , and during its lifetime passing through marriage to the Habsburgs . In 1463, 4,000 houses in the town were destroyed by a catastrophic fire, which the then (approximately) 13-year-old Bosch presumably witnessed. He became a popular painter in his lifetime and often received commissions from abroad. In 1488 he joined the highly respected Brotherhood of Our Lady, an arch-conservative religious group of some 40 influential citizens of 's-Hertogenbosch, and 7,000 'outer-members' from around Europe. Sometime between 1479 and 1481, Bosch married Aleyt Goyaerts van den Meerveen, who	Art History 101 – Part IIA: 1400-1499 \| Make Lists, Not War Make Lists, Not War Listing: It's not just my passion, it's also a desperate cry for help. Menu Where Have I Been? Art History 101 – Part IIA: 1400-1499 The following list is Part IIA of my attempt to trace the history of human artistic endeavors by finding the best, most significant, and most highly-regarded works of visual art (primarily painting and sculpture) from all times and places and presenting them in chronological order. The five Art History 101 lists contain every work of art that was on at least two of the 18 ‘Best Works of Art’ lists that I collected from the Internet and books. Although most of the resources available to me focused almost exclusively on the art of Western Civilization, the list does identify some of the most significant artworks produced by the artists of Asia, Africa and South America. Because I believe visuals are essential for discussing the visual arts, I have included images of the art works, In most cases, you can click on the images to enlarge them. (I have tried to use public domain images where possible. In other cases, I believe this is a fair non-commercial use for educational purposes. If there are copyright concerns, please let me know.) Each entry includes the date of the work, the artist’s name, the name (or names) of the work, the style or culture associated with the work, and the location where the work was produced. In addition, I have included a brief essay with description (including measurements), artistic materials used, background and interpretation. Much of the information in these essays comes from Wikipedia or from the website of the museum or other site where the artwork is located. Art History 101, Part I (Prehistoric Era-1399) is here ; Part IIB (1500-1599) is here . Part III (1600-1799) is here . Part IV (1800-Present) is here . For a list of the best works of visual art organized by rank, that is, with the items that were on the most lists at the top, go here . 1400-1499 1395-1405: Claus Sluter: The Well of Moses [International Gothic; Dijon, France] In the late 14th Century, Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, ordered the building and decoration of a Carthusian monastery just outside Dijon so the monks would pray for his soul and to provide a burial site for him and his heirs. A number of artists provided artwork for the monastery, including Dutch sculptor Claus Suter, who created a massive limestone sculpture for the center of the main cloister. It consisted of a crucifixion scene, with Mary Magdalene at the foot of the cross where Jesus was hanging, and below it, a hexagonal base with statues of six prophets who foresaw Christ’s death, each standing about 5 ft., 8 in. tall, and six weeping angels. The sculptures were painted in vibrant colors – some paint remains. Unfortunately, during the French Revolution, the upper portion of the sculpture was destroyed (fragments are on display in a nearby museum), leaving the base, which has acquired the name the Well of Moses. In each of six niches, Suter has created life-sized statues of Moses, David, Jeremiah, Zachariah, Daniel and Isaiah. (Moses’ horns in this and other artworks come from a Hebrew phrase that can be translated as either ‘horn’ or ‘ray of light.’) Each prophet carries his prophecy on a scroll and each one is individually detailed with a unique expression and personality (see Moses in first image; King David and Jeremiah in the second image, and Zachariah in the fourth image above). Unlike Medieval relief sculptures, these figures appear to be independent of the stone behind them, and there is a sense of movement expressed by the bodies beneath the drapery. The angels, who top the slender colonnettes that separate the planes of the hexagon, also have individualized gestures and expressions (see third image above). The Well of Moses is located in the central courtyard of what was the main cloister of Carthusian monastery Chartreuse de Champmol, (now the Hospital de la Chartreuse) outside of Dijon, France. 1395-141	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,092	In May 2001, Christopher Bailey was appointed creative director of which British luxury fashion house that manufactures clothing, fragrances and fashion accessories?	#luxury \| Retail News \| Page 4 Retail News Posted by retail360uk The 124sq m boutique in the CDF Haitang Bay Duty Free Shopping Complex opened on September 1 Italian luxury leathergoods house Furla has opened a 124sq m boutique in the landmark new CDF Haitang Bay Duty Free Shopping Complex, Hainan in collaboration with China Duty Free Group. The boutique officially opened on September 1 with Furla’s AW14 collection at the complex, which at 45,000sq m is the world’s largest duty-free store. Furla Global Travel Retail director Gerry Munday said: “We are always thrilled to announce the opening of a new store because it’s a great moment of pride for the whole team. Given its large scale, this boutique is rather unique as it allows more room to showcase our collections. Working with China Duty Free Group has been a very enjoyable experience and we are honoured to have had the availability of such an extended space. It’s very positive that the Group shows this confidence in Furla’s performance and we share the same expectation”. Posted by retail360uk Prada inaugurated last week a temporary store – entirely dedicated to the men’s collections – in Venice on the Calle Larga XXII Marzo. The store, located inside an elegant Venetian palazzo with exquisitely decorated ceilings, will be open to the public for nine months. Prada has boosted its presence in Taiwan, with a new space in the prestigious SKM Mall in Taichung. Designed by architect Roberto Baciocchi, the store occupies a total area of 520 square metres over two floors and presents the women’s and men’s ready-to-wear, leather goods, accessories, and footwear collections. The striking external façade, which pays tribute to artist Carlos Cruz-Diez, features a series of full-length, backlit golden aluminium and polished-steel blades which create an evocative illusion of perceived movement. Posted by retail360uk Prada inaugurated last week a temporary store – entirely dedicated to the men’s collections – in Venice on the Calle Larga XXII Marzo. The store, located inside an elegant Venetian palazzo with exquisitely decorated ceilings, will be open to the public for nine months. Prada has boosted its presence in Taiwan, with a new space in the prestigious SKM Mall in Taichung. Designed by architect Roberto Baciocchi, the store occupies a total area of 520 square metres over two floors and presents the women’s and men’s ready-to-wear, leather goods, accessories, and footwear collections. The striking external façade, which pays tribute to artist Carlos Cruz-Diez, features a series of full-length, backlit golden aluminium and polished-steel blades which create an evocative illusion of perceived movement. Posted by retail360uk Department store chain House of Fraser has officially been sold to its biggest Chinese rival, despite retailing tycoon Mike Ashley refusing to relinquish a 11pc stake in the retailer. China’s Nanjing Cenbest shook hands on a takeover of the 165-year-old retailer in May but before terms of the deal were finalised Mr Ashley snapped up the stake, throwing the deal into doubt. Nanjing Cenbest’s parent group, Sanpower, had agreed to buy House of Fraser shares from other major shareholders: Karen Millen founder Keith Stanford, Lloyds Banking Group and chairman Don McCarthy. However, Scottish tycoon Sir Tom Hunter sold his 11pc stake to Mike Ashley on the grounds that “Sports Direct offered us certainty of cash now”. A legal row originally broke out about whether Sir Tom had flouted rules requiring him to offer shares to other shareholders first and whether Sanpower could force Sports Direct to sell the shares back to them. However, it is understood that Mr Ashley will be holding on to the shares as a strategic investment and is working on a plan to sell some of his merchandise in House of Fraser department stores. Mr Ashley, who owns the stake via West Coast Capital, a subsidiary of the Sports Direct Group, does not have a board seat or the power to influence board decisions. However, his 11pc stake does entitle him to “observing rights”, meaning he has access to Hou	stumbleupon Email Comment From Coco Chanel’s popularization of the suit to Christian Dior’s full-skirted New Look, the ongoing evolution of fashion has existed largely on the innovations of the visionaries. For those creative and revolutionary enough to concoct an idea backed up only by their own convictions, some have managed not only to enter the mainstream of fashion but be embraced wholeheartedly by its capriciousness. While many designers stay within the familiar bounds of what’s been deemed marketable and find their client base in clothing that is wearable and flattering, there are other designers whose nearly surrealistic convictions have put them a little outside of the mainstream. Though a thick line exists between ready-to-wear and the avant-garde, a few designers have opted to leave their clothing with the mark of something a bit more extraordinary. Dutch designers Viktor & Rolf have made art and the artifice of the fashion world a source of inspiration, creating clothing and runway shows that were not necessarily appreciated or understood, while Vivienne Westwood, a designer who has been in the business for more than four decades, is largely responsible for the development of punk fashion, which is nearly inseparable from its music. Whether they’ve managed to bridge the gap between art and life in the present or changed the shape of fashion’s future possibilities, the following have defined their aesthetic and stood out as the singular purveyors of their own distinct ideas. Yohji Yamamoto Born in Tokyo, Japan on October 3, 1943, designer Yohji Yamamoto obtained a degree in law before he went on to pursue fashion design at Bunka College. With an impetus to change the idea of what could constitute women’s fashion, Yamamoto set out to make “men’s clothes for women” and debuted his first collection in Paris in 1981. Immediately making waves in the fashion world with his oversized silhouettes, Yamamoto’s androgynous style and deconstructed look signalled something of a revolution in design. While Yamamoto has worked with designers like Adidas and Hermès, he remains a distinctive designer for carving out his own voice. Thierry Mugler Born on December 21, 1948 in Strasbourg, France, Thierry Mugler focused more on drawing and dancing for the Rhin Opera in his youth, but upon moving to Paris at age 24, he began his career as a designer. After working with many ready-to-wear fashion houses, Mugler opened his own store in 1978 and won over fans with his clean, sophisticated designs. He eventually gained more notoriety in the 1980’s when his clothes became defined by angular lines, shoulder pads and corsets and were often made with PVC, appearing as a homage to bondage. While Mugler’s has become a recognizable name in recent years for his fragrance Angel, his dramatic sense of the female form and his emphasis on exaggerating those lines has a had a strong impact on fashion. Courrèges Born on March 9, 1923 in Pau, France, it was designer André Courrèges that gave birth to the famed fashion house of Courrèges. After studying civil engineering and moving to Paris in 1925, Courrèges relocated to Spain and began working under the revered designer Cristóbal Balenciaga. Inspired by Balenciaga, Courrèges opened his own design house in 1961 and released the Space Age collection in 1964, which used materials like plastic and metal for garments that consisted of clean lines and geometric shapes, harkening to futurism and architects like Le Corbusier. While the aesthetic hit the fashion world like an explosion before the scene fell to hippie style, Courrèges design of items like go-go boots and the miniskirt have left their mark. Gareth Pugh Born on August 31, 1981, Gareth Pugh started his fashion career early on, working as a costume designer for the English National Youth Theatre before achieving his fashion degree at Central Saint Martins in 2003. Through features with Dazed & Confused magazine and word of mouth, Pugh debuted his first collection during London’s Fall 2006 fashion week. Drawing comparisons to Vivienne Westwood an	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,093	What is the main ingredient in risotto?	Risotto Recipe : Food Network Asian Appetizer Recipes 4.2 17 you always always always after cooking the onion, add white wine and deglaze. artvandelay0001 2014-12-27T03:33:22Z item not reviewed by moderator and published It was very creamy but rather bland. I replaced a cup of chicken stock with a cup of white wine (added in while the rice was cooking with the onions), although next time I'll have to add more wine. Garlic and shrimp (or asparagus, mushrooms, lobster, etc..) would have definitely made this a better dish. As for your basic Risotto recipe, it was alright. foodie418 2011-06-07T21:37:18Z item not reviewed by moderator and published We made this for Mother's Day and it turned out perfect!! I usually do a "box kit", so decided to make it from scratch for mother's day, and I am glad I did. It was so simple, tasted wonderful, and everyone took seconds! We served it with butterflied grilled shrimp, asparagus, a salad, and dessert. I have put this recipe where I store my top 20 "go to" recipes in my kitchen. I agree with other reviewer that it does take longer than it states...plan for about 45min. Guest 2011-05-09T09:38:33Z item not reviewed by moderator and published This was my first attempt ever to make risotto, so I looked for a simple recipe. Even halving the recipe it came out exactly the way it was supposed, and was delicious! I served it with pan seared scallops. Next time I will try more add-ins, like veggies, etc. Laura K. 2008-03-14T19:54:03Z item not reviewed by moderator and published It had a good flavor and everything was as it was explained. The one problem I had was it took about 30 min. more cooking time than was said in the recipe. I would suggest doing about 3 or 4 trial runs with this one before serving guest.I served this with baked chicken and it would have been great if the chicken was planned for with a 50 min. alotment for the rice instead of 30 min. The chicken dried out on the extended wait period. In their defense they did say that stove temp. would vary. Last word Practice . wonderoot 2007-12-17T23:15:34Z item not reviewed by moderator and published The only thing I would change is a small onion vs. the medium one. Other than that, perfeft! Creamy, rich. Simply outstanding! Wade B. 2007-02-26T09:42:38Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Made this tonight for dinner but added garlic to the recipe. I used pecorino romano cheese instead. My boyfriend loved it! It took more like 30 min to cook though. I will make this one again! Jennifer A. 2007-02-21T20:35:59Z item not reviewed by moderator and published I was surprised at how creamy the risotto came out, just by slowly cooking it with chicken broth and a little butter. However, I questioned if all the stirring and pouring was really necessary...I started to wonder how it would turn out if I just threw it all together in my rice cooker. It was really tasty after adding just a little bit of salt, pepper, and cheese. I added the tomatoes and basil, but actually preferred it without. Caroline K. 2007-02-03T23:16:23Z item not reviewed by moderator and published This is the best risotto recipe i've tried, my kids love it, it's very creamy. christina b. 2007-02-01T19:11:41Z item not reviewed by moderator and published I made this with friends and we absolutely loved it. We're all kind of health nuts, so this recipe was great - filling, but tastes light and wholesome, too. DA T. 2006-08-12T15:46:05Z item not reviewed by moderator and published Why does everyone like this ? It looks tastes and smells like Campbell's chicken and rice soup. Except pasty. And bland. I guess I'm more of a rice purist. Tammy C. 2006-06-20T17:05:18Z item not reviewed by moderator and published I did it exactly how the recipe stated, except used all chicken broth, no wine...was afraid to attempt..it was good, but next time, I won't be afraid to alter broth, and cheese...I thought it was a little too cheesy,..but all in all, was the easiest recipe... KIRSTEN H. 2006-06-16T11:33:06Z item not reviewed by moderator and published I wasn't sure ho	Basil Pesto Recipe : Food Network Kitchen : Food Network 2/3 cup extra-virgin olive oil, divided Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste 1/2 cup freshly grated Pecorino cheese Directions Watch how to make this recipe. Combine the basil, garlic, and pine nuts in a food processor and pulse until coarsely chopped. Add 1/2 cup of the oil and process until fully incorporated and smooth. Season with salt and pepper. If using immediately, add all the remaining oil and pulse until smooth. Transfer the pesto to a large serving bowl and mix in the cheese. If freezing, transfer to an air-tight container and drizzle remaining oil over the top. Freeze for up to 3 months. Thaw and stir in cheese. Copyright 2003 Television Food Network, G.P. All rights reserved Recipe courtesy of Food Network Kitchens CATEGORIES:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,094	"What is added to gin to make a ""Gimlet"" cocktail?"	Gimlet - Drink Recipe – How to Make the Perfect Gimlet Gimlet 2 ounces gin -- London dry gin 2/3 ounce Rose's lime juice cocktail glass Shake well with cracked ice, then strain into a chilled cocktail glass. The Wondrich Take: "The bartender set the drink in front of me. With the lime juice it has a sort of pale greenish yellowish misty look. I tasted it. It was both sweet and sharp at the same time. The woman in black watched me. Then she lifted her own glass towards me. We both drank. Then I knew hers was the same drink." --Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye. The gimlets that drew Marlowe and the dame together are 50-50 Rose's lime juice and gin -- unbearably sweet by today's standards. The 1930 Savoy Hotel bar book -- the gimlet's an English drink -- lists one made that way and served on the rocks. It also, however, lists a gimblet, with three parts gin to one part lime juice, shaken together and topped off with soda. Combine these and you get the modern gimlet. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below	The Official Goodies Rule -OK! Fan Club Website - Articles/Guides QUOTE: "Oh that's what it's for. I've just posted two letters in that." (a) Which Goodie says this quote? (b) What has he posted his letters in? (c) Which episode is this quote from? QUIZ: This month's questions are from the episode "Snooze". (d) Which show is on Graeme's radio when he destroys it with an automated hammer? (e) What is the original name of Snooze bedtime drink? (f) What is Graeme's response to Bill saying "I've done a jingle." (g) Which Goodie initially wanders off on a lengthy and eventful sleepwalk? (h) What problem does Graeme encounter when trying to test his antidote? The answers are listed at the end of this newsletter. ************ You can make it happen here. Liven up the club with a boffo idea for bob-a-job week. E-mail <enquiries@goodiesruleok.com> with your comments, ideas or suggestions - meanwhile these are the boffo ideas which our club has been working on this month: A MINI-MILESTONE FOR THE C&G A warm welcome to all Goodies fans to the 150th edition of the Goodies Clarion & Globe newsletter. The Goodies Rule OK fan club was founded by Alison Bean in November 1995 and the monthly newsletter has been a constant fixture ever since then, providing all of the news about The Goodies and Tim, Bill and Graeme's solo projects as well as feature articles, puzzles and plenty of other fun stuff. Thank you to all fan club members, both long-term and recent, for your ongoing support and contributions to the C&G and to the club in general. Special thanks in particular to Lisa Manekofsky for the power of Goodies news items which she invariably contributes to every edition, to regular contributors like Linda Kay, Wackywales, Denise Baran-Unland and the Goodies-l crew, and also to Tim Brooke-Taylor and Graeme Garden for their willingness in responding to fan's questions for the C&G on several occasions and for their support of the newsletter in general. ASK A GOODIE QUESTION We were hoping to be able to include a Q&A session with Tim and Graeme as part of this 150th edition, however the recent passing of their long-time radio colleague Humphrey Lyttelton has meant that this will be delayed for now. All readers questions have been passed on to Tim and Graeme and hopefully we'll be able to publish their replies in the near future. WEBSITE POLLS Last month's poll turned out to be a real one-horse race – it seems as though when it comes to the prospect of new Goodies material, most people would be happy to get their Goodies fix any way they can. Would you want to see a new version of "The Goodies" with Tim, Graeme & Bill, even if it had to be done in a different format/media due to physical limitations? - yes, in any form 154 votes - yes, on television 49 votes - yes, on radio 9 votes - yes, as an animated show 18 votes - undecided 8 votes - only if Rolf Harris was involved 31 votes Total: 278 votes This month we're looking at the musical side of The Goodies, namely: Many Goodies episodes feature the trio performing as a musical act. Which is your favourite? (Use the comments to suggest others not on this list). - The Music Lovers (The Stolen Musicians) - Superstar *********** More exciting than getting your wig-spotters badge! If you've seen the Goodies recently, e-mail <clarion@goodiesruleok.com> with the details. Here's where we've Spotted!!! the Goodies this month: "A RECORD OR AN OBE" REVIEW (Tim Chmielewski – 14th Apr)) A Record or an OBE Trades Hall, Tuesday 25th March 2008 Starring Ben McKenzie as Graeme Garden and Rob Lloyd as Tim Brooke-Taylor What would have happened if Bill had decided to call it quits in 1975, at the height of the Goodies fame? Tim and Graeme are about to find out in a show that reminded me quite a lot of some classic "stuck in a room" episodes of the show such as Earthanasia amongst others. It is more of a drama than a comedy but does have quite a few funny	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,095	Where were the minerals 'Pyroxferroite', 'Armalcolite' and 'Tranquillityite' first discovered in 1969 and 1971?	Tranquillityite: Tranquillityite mineral information and data. Dark red-brown Name: Named in 1971 by J. F. Lovering, D. A. Wark, A. F. Reid, N. G. Bunch, A. El Goresy, Paul Ramdohr, G. M. Brown, A. Peckett, R. Phillips, Eugene N. Cameron, J. A. V. Douglas, and A. G. Plant after its discovery locality at the Sea of Tranquility, the Moon. Lunar rock samples brought back from the Moon by the Apollo 11 mission in 1969 were found to contain three minerals that had never been seen on Earth. Terrestrial occurrences for pyroxferroite and armalcolite were discovered in the next few years, but until 2011, tranquillityite was only known from returned moon rock samples and from lunar and martian meteorites. However, the mineral has now been discovered as an uncommon accessory phase in terrestrial mafic rocks, at six localities in Western Australia. [ http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/40/1/83.abstract ] Classification of Tranquillityite	RadioactiveThings.com RadioactiveThings.com Recommended Films and Books Radioactive Things We sell high quality specimens of Pitchblende, Uraninite, Autunite, Schoepite, Curite, Kasolite, Becquerelite, Cuprosklodowskite, Torbernite and other radioactive minerals containing Uranium or Thorium from many of the world’s most famous mines. We also sell rare collectables from WWII and the early era of the nuclear power industry. We have many satisfied repeat customers as well as those who are new to collecting. We’re owned by Pro Partners & Associates, which has been in business for over 15 years as a provider of unique items for people with unique interests. Believed to have originated in supernova explosions, Uranium is the heaviest natural element on earth, and it continually decays over time with a half-life of 4.5 billion years. It was discovered by Klaproth in 1789 in the black mineral Pitchblende and in 1896 Becquerel demonstrated that Uranium was radioactive. In 1898 Marie Curie discovered a new element in Pitchblende that was a part of the Uranium decay chain. She named the new element Radium and it is incredibly over 2 million times more radioactive than Uranium itself. Fission was discovered in 1938 by Otto Hahn and explained theoretically in 1939 by Lise Meitner. U235, the raw material for fission, was in very short supply at the time as only 0.7% of natural Uranium is composed of U-235 (99% is U-238, and a trace amount is U-234). This photo below shows a large and very active specimen of Pitchblende that dates to Martin Klaproth and the location where he collected the mineral in Jáchymov, in the Czech Republic. Attesting to its very high Uranium content, the specimen measures 200 mR/hr and 500,000 CPM on a Ludlum Model 3 counter with a 44-9 probe. Note: Please read our tips for safe handling before purchasing items from our website. All items are legal to own, and are shipped in accordance with USPS regulations. Most items shipped via USPS Priority Mail. No international shipping . © Pro Partners & Associates 2017	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,096	Who resides at Clarence House?	Residences Residences The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Prince Harry Residences The Prince of Wales has homes in England, Scotland and Wales. Clarence House is the official London residence of The Prince of Wales, The Duchess of Cornwall and Prince Harry. Highgrove House near Tetbury, Gloucestershire, is the family home of The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall. Birkhall is the private residence of The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall in Scotland. The former home of Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother on the Balmoral estate on Royal Deeside, Her Late Majesty described it as a ‘little big house’. The Prince and The Duchess spend their summer break here each year and enjoy the pursuits of fishing and walking in the beautiful countryside. Llwynywermod, near Llandovery in Carmarthenshire, is Their Royal Highnesses' Welsh home. Bought in 2007 by the Duchy of Cornwall, the farmhouse was refurbished using local materials and the skills of Welsh craftsmen and women. Their Royal Highnesses stay at the house when they are on their Annual Tour of Wales and during their many other visits.	Clarence William "Bill" Nelson - Genealogy Genealogy Join the world's largest family tree Gender Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos Orlando, Orange County, Florida, United States Birthdate: Miami, Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States Immediate Family: Husband of <private> Nelson (Cavert) Father of <private> Nelson and <private> Nelson Occupation: Sep 29 1942 Possible relatives: ...son, Charles W Nelson, Clarence William Nelson, Charles W Nelson, Nan E Nelson, Ellen N Nelson, Bill C Nelson, and names of 2 more relati ... Residences: Clarence William Nelson, Nannie Merle Wife: Bill Nelson, Nan Ellen Nelson Residence: Michael E Nelson, Billy Wayne Nelson, Jr, Janice Creech Nelson, Carrie Nelson Radelmiller Residence: Feb 19 1972 - Brevard, Florida, USA Wife: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Nelson_(politician%29 Clarence William "Bill" Nelson (born September 29, 1942) is the senior United States Senator from the state of Florida and a member of the Democratic Party. He is a former United States Representative and former Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner of Florida. In 1986, he became the second sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space. In 1972, Nelson was elected to the Florida House of Representatives. He was re-elected in 1974 and 1976. Nelson was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1978. He served in the U.S. House from 1979 to 1991. In January 1986, he flew as a Payload Specialist on the Space Shuttle Columbia. After a failed gubernatorial race in 1990, he successfully ran for the office of Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner of Florida in 1994 and served for six years. In 2000, Nelson ran for U.S. Senate seat vacated by retiring Republican Senator Connie Mack. In the Senate he is generally considered a social moderate and economic liberal. He was re-elected in 2006 with 60 percent of the vote and is seeking re-election in 2012. Personal life Nelson was born in Miami, the only child of Nannie Merle (née Nelson) and Clarence William Nelson. He spent his youth in Melbourne, Florida, where he attended Melbourne High School. Nelson attended the University of Florida before transferring to Yale University. He subsequently received a law degree from the University of Virginia. In 1965, he joined the U.S. Army Reserve; he served on active duty from 1968 to 1970, attaining the rank of captain, and he remained in the Army until 1971. Nelson was admitted to the Florida bar in 1968, and began practicing law in Melbourne in 1970. In 1971, he worked as legislative assistant to Governor Reubin Askew. In 1972, Nelson married Grace Cavert. The couple has two adult children: Bill Nelson, Jr., and Nan Ellen Nelson. He was baptized as a Baptist, and grew up attending Baptist and Episcopal churches. In 2005, he joined the First Presbyterian Church in Orlando. Spaceflight In 1986, Nelson became the second sitting member of Congress (and the first member of the House) to travel into space. He went through NASA training with Senator Jake Garn of Utah. He was a Payload Specialist on Space Shuttle Columbia's STS-61-C mission from January 12 to 18, 1986. Columbia landed at Edwards AFB at 5:59 a.m. PST, on January 18. Mission elapsed time was 6 days, 2 hours, 3 minutes, 51 seconds. It was the last successful Space Shuttle flight before the Challenger accident, as the disaster occurred only 10 days after Columbia's return. Political career Florida legislature In 1972, Nelson was elected to the Florida House of Representatives. He won re-election in 1974 and 1976. U.S. House of Representatives Nelson was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1978. He served in the U.S. House from 1979 to 1991. Gubernatorial campaign In 1990, Nelson ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Florida. He lost to former U.S. Senator Lawton Chiles, who went on to win the general election. During the primary campaign, Nelson tried to make an issue out of Chiles' health and age, a strategy that backfired on him	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,097	What name was given to a series of confrontations in the 1950s and 1970s between the UK and Iceland?	Cod Wars \| Military Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia 1 Minesweeper 10 RFA Supply vessels Casualties and losses None The Cod Wars, also called the Icelandic Cod Wars (Icelandic language: Þorskastríðin, "the cod war", or Landhelgisstríðin, "the war for the territorial waters" [1] ), were a series of confrontations in the 1950s and 1970s between the United Kingdom and Iceland regarding fishing rights in the North Atlantic. In 1972, Iceland unilaterally declared an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) extending beyond its territorial waters, before announcing plans to reduce overfishing . It policed its quota system with the Icelandic Coast Guard , leading to a series of net-cutting incidents with British trawlers that fished the areas. As a result, the Royal Navy deployed warships and tugboats to act as a deterrent against any future harassment of British fishing crews by the Icelandic craft, resulting in direct confrontations between Icelandic patrol vessels and British warships, which included ramming incidents. The dispute ended in 1976 after Iceland threatened to close a major NATO base in retaliation for Britain's deployment of naval vessels within the disputed 200 nautical mile (370 km) limit. The British government conceded, and agreed that after 1 December 1976 British trawlers would not fish within the previously disputed area. [2] Contents 5 Defence Tugs Casualties and losses 1 engineer killed [8] The primary objective of the Icelandic Coast Guard during the latter two wars was to cut nets in this manner. The Second Cod War between the United Kingdom and Iceland lasted from September 1972 until the signing of a temporary agreement in November 1973. On 1 September 1972, the enforcement of the law that expanded the Icelandic fishery limits to 50 nmi (93 km) began. Numerous British and West German trawlers continued fishing within the new zone on the first day. The Icelandic leftist coalition which governed at the time ignored the treaty that stipulated the involvement of the International Court of Justice. It said that it wasn't bound by agreements made by the previous centre-right government, with Lúdvik Jósepsson , the fisheries minister, stating that "the basis for our independence is economic independence". [9] The next day, V/s Ægir chased 16 trawlers, in waters east of the country, out of the 50 nmi zone. On September 5, 1972, at 10:25, [10] V/s Ægir, under Guðmundur Kjærnested 's command, encountered an unmarked trawler fishing northeast of Hornbanki . The master of this black-hulled trawler refused to divulge the trawler's name and number, and, after being warned to follow the Coast Guard's orders, played Rule, Britannia! over the radio. At 10:40 the net cutter was deployed into the water for the first time and Ægir sailed along the trawler's port side. The fishermen tossed a thick nylon rope into the water as the patrol ship closed in, attempting to disable its propeller. After passing the trawler, Ægir veered to the trawler's starboard side. The net cutter, 160 fathoms (290 m) behind the patrol vessel, sliced one of the trawling wires. As V/s Ægir came about to circle the unidentified trawler, its angry crew threw coal as well as garbage and a large fire axe at the Coast Guard vessel. [10] A considerable amount of swearing and shouting came through the radio, which resulted in the trawler being identified as Peter Scott (H103) . [10] During this war, the Icelandic Coast Guard started to use net cutters to cut the trawling lines of non-Icelandic vessels fishing within the new exclusion zone. On 18 January 1973, the nets of eighteen trawlers were cut. This forced the British seamen to threaten to leave the Icelandic fishery zone unless they had the protection of the Royal Navy . The day after, large, fast tugboats were sent to their defence. The first was the Statesman. The British considered this insufficient, and formed a special group to defend the trawlers. On 23 January 1973, the volcano Eldfell on Heimaey erupted and the Coast Guard needed to divert its attention to rescuing the inhabitants of the small island	List of British Sea Areas as listed in the weather report for shipping on BBC Radio4 Here's a nice but big (162K) map I scanned it from the Radio Times, they managed to forget Bailey so I had to edit it in, which is why the lines and font are a bit dodgy there. Here's one from the Met Office , a lot smaller but not as pretty, but it DOES have Trafalgar on it, and it makes the Lat and Longs more obvious. South East Iceland: 64N18W..65N14W..63N7W..62N11W (roughly) Faeroes: 63N7W..62N3W..59N7W..62N11W (roughly) Fair Isle: 62N3W..61N00..58N00..58N5W..59N7W (roughly) The above 3 form a diagonal band from the coast of Iceland down to the Greenwich Meridian at the Shetlands on the northern edge, and the Scottish coast on the southern edge. Fair Isle is 5 sided to get back into the normal squarish grid. Bailey: Between 10W and 15W from South East Iceland down to about 58N Rockall: Between 10W and 15W from Bailey (58N) down to 53N Shannon: Between 10W and 15W, from Rockall down to 50N, and including the bits off the Irish coast. Hebrides: The bit between Faeroes and Fair Isle, the Scottish coast, 10W, and 57N Malin: Below Hebrides, between Rockall and the coasts, down to the narrowest point between England and Ireland Irish Sea: The Irish Sea from Malin down to the narrowest point between Wales and Ireland Lundy: Bounded by the south Welsh and north Cornish coasts, out to about 6.5W Fastnet: Between Lundy and Shannon, with the south Irish coast above and 50N below Sole: 6.5W..15W and 50N..48.27N, below Shannon and Fastnet Finisterre, now renamed Fitzroy: Below Sole Biscay: From Finisterre to the French coast Plymouth: The mouth of the Channel to about 8W, Biscay below, Sole to the left Portland: Up the channel from Plymouth to about 2W Wight: From Portland to a line from about 50N2E(France) to 51N1E(England) Dover: From Wight to a line matching the latitude 51N, near enough Thames: Moving out towards the North Sea, as far as about 52.5N Humber: Up to 54N, but loses a degree of its eastern extent halfway up Tyne: A tiny bit about a degree wide along the coast from Humber up to about 56N Dogger: Tyne to the left, Humber below, 4E at the right, up to about 56N German Bight: From Humber and Dogger on the left to the continental coast Forties: Directly above Dogger, ie about 56N..58.5N and 1W..4E Forth: Between Forties and the Scottish coast, stopping at 57N Cromarty: Between Forties and the Scottish coast, from Forth up to 58.5N or so, where it meets Fair Isle Viking: Above Forties with Fair Isle to the west Fisher: East of Forties and north of German Bight, but only as far as about 57.5N North Utsire, South Utsire: The last bit between Viking and Forties and the Scandinavian coast I appear to have listed them in the reverse order to that used by the weather forecasters. Never mind!	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,098	To which land did Cain go after killing Abel?	Where Did Cain Get His Wife?: What About Inbreeding? Where Did Cain Get His Wife?: What About Inbreeding? Introduction Cain's Wife? After Cain was sent into exile east of Eden for killing Abel he found a wife and built a city. Even if Cain married one of his sisters, doesn't this produce theological and biological problems? Rich Deem The Bible indicates that Adam and Eve's first son, Cain, slew his younger brother Abel because of jealousy over the acceptance of his brother's offering over his own. Immediately after being banished to the east in the land of Nod, Cain found a wife and raised a family and founded a "city" called Enoch. If Cain was the firstborn of Adam and Abel the second, then how could Cain have found a wife and built a city? Creation of humanity The Bible describes the creation of humanity in Genesis, the first book. According to the chapter one account, God created male and female human beings in His image. 1 Chapter two of Genesis goes into more detail about the creation of mankind. According to the narrative, God created Adam, the first man, 2 then, some time later, created Eve. 3 Adam and Eve sinned and were banished from Eden. 4 They produced two sons, Cain and Abel. 5 Both Cain and Abel presented sacrifices to God, but Cain's was rejected, 6 because he expended a half-hearted effort. 7 So, Cain became angry and murdered his brother in a fit of jealousy. 8 Cain is exiled God confronted Cain about the murder of Abel and banished him to the east of Eden. The problem arises in the next verse, where suddenly Cain is married and builds a city: Then Cain went out from the presence of the LORD, and settled in the land of Nod, east of Eden. (Genesis 4:16) Cain had relations with his wife and she conceived, and gave birth to Enoch; and he built a city, and called the name of the city Enoch, after the name of his son. (Genesis 4:17) Mesopotamia The assumption seems to be that Cain and Abel were the first two children of Adam and Eve. Although Cain does seem to be the firstborn, the text is not clear that Abel was the second born, but only that he was the second son. 5 Later, the narrative indicates that Adam and Eve produced "other sons and daughters." 9 So, it is possible that Adam and Eve produced daughters between the births of Cain and Abel. It is also likely that others sons and daughters were produced after the birth of Abel. We don't know how old Cain and Abel were when Cain murdered his brother, but they seem to be at least young adults, since they are both engage in a trade for their living. 5 The second thing one notices is Cain's seeming paranoia about being found and revenge being taken against his for killing Abel. 10 The only way this makes sense is if the brothers and sisters of Abel were upset that Cain had killed their brother. Although the period of time between the birth of Cain and the death of Abel is not given in the Bible, it would seem that this period was probably over 100 years, since the birth of Adam's next son, Seth is said to have occurred when Adam was 130 years old. 11 Adam and Eve could have produced many daughters during that period of time. Cain builds a "city" So, the Genesis narrative suggests that Cain had other brothers and sisters when he was exiled by God. One of those sisters married Cain (or more likely had already been married to Cain when he killed his brother), became pregnant and gave birth to Enoch somewhere east of Eden. The next problem that arises is the claim that Cain "built a city." To us, in the 21st century, this evokes images of skyscrapers and high density housing. However, the original Hebrew word, translated "city," merely had the meaning of a place that was guarded by a watch or with a wall. 12 At its minimum, the Hebrew root referred to an encampment or post. So, it is entirely possible that Cain could have built such a "city." Theological problems Skeptics have pointed out that the only viable solution to the problem of Cain's wife (Ca	Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The Green Knight In Camelot, the castle was in the midst of Christmas celebration, when a lone knight rode into King Arthur's court. The knight wore clothing that was green. His skin, beard and hair were also green in colour. Even the mane and tail of his horse were green. In the one hand the Green Knight carry a cluster of holly, while in his other hand he carried a great wicked axe. The Green Knight challenged the famous knights of the Round Table in a game of beheading. The Green Knight wanted one of the knights to use his axe on his own neck; in return the other knight must allow him to cut off the other's head, one day and a year from now. The Green Knight offered his axe as a prize. No one thought such game was possible without someone being killed. No brave warrior accepted this challenge until the Green Knight had accused Arthur's knights of cowardice. Arthur felt so shamed that none in his knights in court that would have accept the challenge. Arthur would have offered to accept the challenge, until his nephew, Sir Gawain , decided to step forward to accept the Green Knight's challenge. Gawain agreed to the Green Knight's term, that he would face the blow one-year from now. With this pact sealed, Gawain swung the axe at the Green Knight's neck. Instead of the body collapsing to the floor, the knight bent over and picked up his head. The Green Knight told the hero to find him at the Green Chapel by the time of Christmas, so Gawain could receive the return blow. The Games of the Hunt and Seduction Ten months later, Gawain set out for the Green Chapel. The ladies and damsels grieved for him, since they believed Gawain was going to his death. His journey north brought him to encounters against wild men and enemy knights. Gawain fought off wolves, ogres and dragons in his travel. The winter winds and snow swirled around him as he treads his way through woods or hills. Finally on Christmas Eve, Gawain came upon a castle, where Lord Bertilak de Hautdesert and his beautiful wife greeted the travel-weary hero. Bertilak offered the hero lodging, since the Green Chapel was not too far away. Bertilak told his guest that he would be going on a hunting trip, his wife would entertain the guest during the day. Bertilak told Gawain that they should exchange gifts each day the host returned from hunting. Bertilak would give the hero the gift from his hunt, while Gawain would give to his host anything that the hero would win in his castle. Early the next morning, when Bertilak went out to hunt, the lord's wife kept Gawain's company. Bertilak chased and hunted deers in the forest. The beautiful wife flirted with Gawain and set about seducing the hero into sleeping with her. Gawain cleverly and politely turned aside her advances without offending his hostess. Gawain, however, did accept a kiss from his hostess. In the evening when Bertilak return from the hunt, with all the games he had killed. As they agreed from the previous night, Bertilak gave his kills to Gawain as part of their bargain. Gawain, who had only received a kiss from his host's wife, so Gawain kissed Bertilak upon the lips. Bertilak said it was a fair exchange. The next day, Bertilak set out again with his huntsmen. This time, Bertilak faced a more dangerous beast in the hunt, the wild boar. The boar had injured some hounds. The arrows used by the bowmen proved to ineffective against he boar's hide. Bertilak chased the wild boar all day. Finally cornering the boar at the river. The boar charged at Bertilak. Both Bertilak and the boar fell in the water. Bertilak killed the boar with his sword. At the castle, the host's wife continued her attempts to seduce Gawain. Gawain had more difficulties diverting the beautiful lady. The lady tested Gawain' restraint to the limits, because she was one of the fairest in the land. Again he accepted another kiss, before she departed from his bedchamber. When Bertilak returned to the castle, offering his today's game to Gawain. In return, Gawain kissed his host. The next day, Bertilak hunt the w	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,099	What stereotypical naval beverage was made with water, rum, and lemon juice?	Royal Canadian Navy Drinks&Toasts of the Day 1 pint cold beer or ale Pour into tall glass or mug, the rum first, and do not stir Bombo This was a favorite when the men were ashore in the West Indies. It later became popular as an afternoon drink on the southern plantations in the United States. Tall glass filled with ice cubes 2 ounces Pusser's 1/2 ounce sugar syrup Fill the glass with water, stir, and garnish with an orange slice and cherry. Sprinkle nutmeg and cinnamon on top. Navy Punch This was a drink for the officers and those who came from the quarterdeck. It was popular at dinner parties and balls. Shaker filled with ice cubes 1 ounce lime juice 2 ounces liquid sugar 3 ounces Pusser's Shake well, and pour into tall glass or large old fashioned glass partly filled with ice. Garnish with fruit and sprinkle nutmeg on top. Hot Toddy This was often issued under conditions of cold and fatigue when rounding Cape Horn -- or "old Cape Stiff" as it was often called during the many years before the Panama Canal. 2 ounces Pusser's 1 tablespoon brown sugar Place ingredients in a heavy earthenware mug, pour in hot water, and top off with nutmeg and stick of cinnamon. Grog	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,100	Drum Majorette was until 1970 the theme tune for which long-running TV programme?	Match of the Day Theme Tune (First One Ever made, 1964) by Major Leslie Statham - Drum Majorette - YouTube Close Match of the Day Theme Tune (First One Ever made, 1964) by Major Leslie Statham - Drum Majorette Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Dec 16, 2009 The original theme tune to Match of the Day was written by Major Leslie Statham, the band leader of the Welsh Guards and was entitled "Drum Majorette". This remained the theme tune from 1964 until 1970 when the current tune by Barry Stoller replaced it. At the time Major Statham wrote his original works using the pen-name 'Arnold Stock'. The first edition of Match of the Day was screened on BBC2 at 6:30pm on 22 August 1964. BBC2 had been launched in April that year with Mike Peacock as controller (Sir David Attenborough took over in spring 1965) but the programme's primary purpose was to train up BBC cameramen and technicians so that the BBC could fulfil its duties as host broadcaster to cover every match at the forthcoming 1966 World Cup in England. Kenneth Wolstenholme commentated the first match as seen in the first picture of this video. The first edition showed only one match; highlights of the First Division game between Liverpool and Arsenal at Anfield; Liverpool won 3-2. As seen in Liverpool's "100 Greatest Moments of the Kop" movie, footage of a pitch invasion was caught by the MOTD cameras. It was a black cat (as seen in the video). Category	Filmed in Supermarionation \| Film from RadioTimes Filmed in Supermarionation Video clips are automatically supplied by broadcasters and distributors. RadioTimes.com is not responsible for the clip's contents. Stephen La Rivière (2014) Our Score by Jeremy Aspinall Whether you are young or old, the impact of Gerry Anderson and his iconic TV puppet adventures will have no doubt made an impression. This fabulous documentary charts his career from the early basic puppetry of Twizzle, Torchy the Battery Boy and western show Four Feather Falls via more sophisticated "Supermarionation" in Supercar and Fireball XL5, and peaking with spectacular colour extravaganzas like Stingray and especially Thunderbirds (of which mogul Lew Grade said, "This is not a TV series, this is a feature film."). Those looking for a nostalgic wallow will find plenty to enjoy here, with the now elderly puppeteers and special-effects techies reflecting on a happy history of producing some of the most popular and memorable shows on British TV - even if they were made in a lock-up in Slough. Narrated by Thunderbirds characters Lady Penelope (voiced by Anderson's ex-wife, Sylvia) and Parker (David Graham), it's captivatingly comprehensive, fun and brimming with anecdotes, trivia (Nicholas Parsons voiced Four Feathers' cowboy hero Tex Tucker) and intriguing insights (was Joe 90 merely a nine-year-old brainwashed into killing enemy agents?). Special-effects guru Derek Meddings and composer of rousing scores Barry Gray are also singled out for their crucial contributions. Fans couldn't ask for anything more. Summary Documentary marking the 50th anniversary of the sci-fi puppet show Thunderbirds, featuring clips from the series and interviews with the original cast and crew. Cast & Crew Gerry Anderson Gerry Anderson (1) Sylvia Anderson Sylvia Anderson	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,101	Which British explorer was buried on South Georgia Island in the Atlantic Ocean upon his death in 1922?	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Island Overseas Territories Links South Georgia South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) are a British overseas territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands known as the South Sandwich Islands. South Georgia is 167.4 kilometres (104 mi) long and 1.4 to 37 km (0.9 to 23.0 miles) wide and is by far the largest island in the territory. The South Sandwich Islands lie about 520 kilometres (320 mi) southeast of South Georgia. The total land area of the territory is 3,903 square kilometres (1,507 sq mi). There is no native population on the islands; the present inhabitants are the British Government Officer, Deputy Postmaster, scientists, and support staff from the British Antarctic Survey who maintain scientific bases at Bird Island and at the capital, King Edward Point, as well as museum staff at nearby Grytviken. The United Kingdom claimed sovereignty over South Georgia in 1775 and the South Sandwich Islands in 1908. The territory of “South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands” was formed in 1985; previously it had been governed as part of the Falkland Islands Dependencies. Argentina claimed South Georgia in 1927 and claimed the South Sandwich Islands in 1938. Argentina maintained a naval station, Corbeta Uruguay, on Thule Island in the South Sandwich Islands from 1976 until 1982 when it was closed by the Royal Navy. The Argentine claim over South Georgia contributed to the 1982 Falklands War, during which Argentine forces briefly occupied the island. Argentina continues to claim sovereignty over South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Flag of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands The Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands was granted on 3 October 1985, when the Territory was created. Previously the Territory was a part of the Falkland Islands Dependency and used the same flag. The new territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) was created in 1985, as is evidenced by the letters patent and order in council that are shown in full on the South Georgia government website. Prior to 1985, the area had been administered as a dependency of the Falkland Islands. Id. The arms of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands were granted by Royal Warrant on February 14, 1992. After the arms were granted in February of 1992, the government of SGSSI started using them on the British Blue Ensign as is customary in British dependencies. The Flag Bulletin, XXXII:2 (1993), describes the badge which was granted on 14 February 1992 to celebrate the liberation of the islands from Argentine occupation. It consists of a shield (lozengy argent and azure, on a pile vert a lion rampant or, armed and langued gules, holding a torch or, enflamed gules, and in chief two estoiles or), a reindeer crest, as supporters a fur seal and a macaroni penguin, and the motto ‘Leo Terram Propriam Protegat’ (‘let the lion protect its own land’). The original flag had a smaller version of the coat-of-arms displayed in a white disc, though this was later changed to the current flag. The flag is a blue ensign, with the Union Flag in the canton, defaced with the coat-of-arms. The flag flies over the main government settlements on South Georgia Island, and the scientific bases of the British Antarctic Survey. There is also a flag to represent the Civil Commissioner of the Territory, a Union Flag defaced with the coat-of-arms. As the Civil Commissioner is also the Governor of the Falkland Islands, the flag is only in use when the Commissioner visits the Territory. The original version of the commissioner’s flag just displayed the shield (escutcheon) of the full arms, though it was later changed. Coat of arms of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands The coat of arms of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands was granted in 1985, upon the creation of the territory. Prior to 1985, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands were a dependency of the Falk	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 12th October – The Questions 12th October – The Questions Specialist questions set by Waters Green Rams. General knowledge questions set by Church House, Bollington. All vetted by Harrington Academicals. SPECIALIST ROUNDS- 1. SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE 2. SCIENCE 5. TIME FOR THE KIDS 6. POLITICS ROUND ONE - SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE – News stories of the summer 1. Which actor, born Bernard Schwartz in 1925, died in September 2010? TONY CURTIS 2. In June, Princess Victoria married her former personal trainer Daniel Westling. Of which country is she a princess? SWEDEN 3. Which 74 year-old singing Dame received poor reviews when she appeared on a UK stage for the first time in 30 years at the London O2 in May? JULIE ANDREWS 4. What name was given to the tent city that was set up at the top of the San Jose pit shaft in Chile, where 33 miners were trapped? CAMP ESPERANZA (original Spanish name) or CAMP HOPE 5. Goodluck Jonathan became President of which country in May? NIGERIA 6. The Savile Enquiry finally delivered its findings on which event of 38 years ago? BLOODY SUNDAY (January 1972 in Derry) 7. Why was Mary Bale in the news in August? She was filmed on CCTV putting a CAT into a WHEELIE BIN in Coventry. 8. Which major New Zealand city was hit by an earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale? CHRISTCHURCH Supp 1 Which company, with its head-quarters in Windermere, was declared the UK’s best retailer by Which? Magazine? LAKELAND Supp 2 Why was Terry Jones of Gainesville, Florida in the news in September? He planned to BURN copies of the KORAN outside his church. ROUND TWO – SCIENCE 1. Which scientist was born in Shrewsbury in 1809 and died at Down House in Kent in 1882? CHARLES DARWIN 2. Which acid was traditionally known as Oil Of Vitriol or Spirit Of Vitriol? SULPHURIC ACID 3. Which heavenly body has moons called Charon, Nix and Hydra? PLUTO 4. William was in prison in 1770, when he invented the toothbrush. What was his surname, still famous in that field today? ADDIS 5. Besides the elephant, which other African mammal is a source of ivory? HIPPOPOTAMUS 6. An amalgam is a compound containing which metal? MERCURY 7. What name is given to a triangle with sides of unequal length? SCALENE 8. What does a Campbell-Stokes Recorder Record? SUNSHINE (not temperature) Supp 1 Scientist William Harvey (born 1578) is famous for his research into what? THE BLOOD (circulation etc.) Supp 2 What is the more common name for triatomic oxygen? OZONE ROUND THREE – SPORT 1. Tony McCoy finally won his first Grand National in 2010 on his 15th ride in the race. Which horse did he ride? DON’T PUSH IT 2. Name either of the 2008 Ryder Cup captains. PAUL AZINGER or NICK FALDO 3. Which sport would you be taking part in if you used a monkey climber, waggler and a plumb? ANGLING / COARSE FISHING 4. Which county won the 2010 County Cricket Championship? NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 5. Which team won the 2010 Rugby League Challenge Cup? WARRINGTON WOLVES ( bt. Leeds Rhinos 30-6 in the final). Accept WARRINGTON. 6. Where will the final race in the 2010 Formula One Series be held? YAS MARINA circuit in ABU DHABI (accept either) 7. According to Wikipedia, which English football ground has the widest pitch and boasts the tallest floodlights? EASTLANDS (home of Manchester City) 8. Which football club holds the record for the fewest wins in a season in the Premier League? DERBY COUNTY – in 2007/8, their record was Played 38, Won 1, Drawn 8, Lost 29. Supp 1 How many times did Alex Higgins win the World Snooker Championship? TWO Supp 2 Which Rugby Union club has made their Premiership debut in the 2010/11 season? EXETER (Chiefs) ROUND FOUR – GEOGRAPHY 1. Which Irish port was known as Kingstown from 1821, after a visit by George IV, until 1921? DUN LAOGHAIRE (pronounced DUNLEARY) 2. Between 1947 and gaining independence in 1971, by what name was the present-day country of Bangladesh known? EAST PAKISTAN 3. Name an African country that, in its normal English spelling, contains the letter Q. MOZAMBIQUE or EQUATORIAL GUINEA. 4. The islands of Hokkaido a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,102	Who was appointed manager of West Bromwich Albion FC in January?	West Brom appoint new technical director to oversee transfers « Express & Star Comments Hammond, a former Royals goalkeeper, was handed a coaching role at the Madejski Stadium by Alan Pardew when he retired. He then became director of the club’s academy before he was appointed Reading’s first-ever director of football in 2002, where he has overseen transfer policy and contract negotiations for the last 14 years. Albion chairman Jeremy Peace has revived the club’s technical director role to take charge of recruitment this summer. It was a job so successfully filled by Dan Ashworth during Roy Hodgson’s time as head coach that the FA came calling for both men in 2012. Ashworth is now the FA’s director of elite development and Hodgson is still England manager. Albion’s current director of football administration, Richard Garlick, had an unsuccessful stint overseeing transfers at the Baggies after that, before former first-team coach Terry Burton took over. When Tony Pulis arrived at the club in January 2015 to rescue Albion from relegation he started to take control of recruitment and Burton left Albion in June that year. Since then there has not been a technical director at the club, but Peace has appointed Hammond ahead of this summer’s window to wrestle some control away from Pulis. Hammond, who's due to start next week, will be working alongside Pulis on this summer's transfer business. “I came in with that model,” said Pulis back in February. “As long as there’s no overlapping or interference in certain aspects then it’s not a problem, I think Jeremy understands that.” Pulis wants to freshen up the club’s attacking forces this summer and the club could let James Morrison, Stephane Sessegnon, Saido Berahino, and Victor Anichebe all leave The Hawthorns. “The group needs to be younger,” he said today. “If we're going to sign players we've got to look at that, no question. “We've got good stability and good senior players, people who have been here a long time and understand the DNA of the football club and the way the club runs. “We'll be looking for players and we have to bring players in, you have to try to progress. “It's easy talking about it, it's much more difficult doing it and bringing the quality that you need in.”	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,103	In which city is Wawel Castle?	Zamek Królewski na Wawelu - Castle in Kraków Artyom Fedosov 1 week ago Must see in Krakow. If you're gonna to spend some time in the city, then you can wait for monday or sunday (depends on season) to visit Wawel for free. Upvoted 6 days ago Ioannis Papapetrou December 18, 2016 A must seen attraction if you are in Krakow. You can see one of the four paintings of Leonardo da Vinci in the world inside. Vasek S. December 12, 2016 Amazing place! Very nice view from here Stephanie Reese November 30, 2016 Great to walk around even if you don't go inside. Nazim Karaosmanoglu November 11, 2016 Hmmm pretty good place but I like Wawel because of their chocolate 😁 Patrick Loonstra October 7, 2016 Great! What an awesome castle. Štěpán Víteček September 9, 2016 The view of the Krakow from Wawel Castle is beautiful. Jadwiga Nowierska August 24, 2016 Beautiful place but some of tours are waste of tme and money. Crown Treasury is a joke - no informations about exhibitions and you can't do photos and you have to pay for it... Priya Tungrus July 21, 2016 Lovely castle with an amazing cathedral, doing the tour! Tunc Mart June 29, 2016 Dont forget to see the dragon! Jonie O. June 15, 2016 At 4pm tickets to go in the castle are already sold out. So come earlier as possible of course. Dimitris Kotsios April 29, 2016 Beatiful Castle ! Don't forget to take a walk above the Vistula River! Leanne April 12, 2016 After this being recommended as the #1 attraction, I was disappointed. Queueing for a ticket takes an hour in the low season, it's expensive and to be honest, I found it extremely dull. Greta Gedutytė April 11, 2016 Big castle with different exhibitions to see. Spend here few hours and have a walk with no rush to enjoy this place ibis April 5, 2016 Damianos Aivazidis April 3, 2016 Small castle but so well preserved, there also a great view to the river. Jeremi Podlasek March 3, 2016 Chakra for supercharging your inner self is something you really ought to check out! :^) Jeremi Podlasek March 3, 2016 Chakra for charging Anusjka Veselka January 20, 2016 It's a magical place at any time of the year Lyudmila Korelova January 17, 2016 Very beautiful place. Must to see Vitalii Gryga January 2, 2016 First museum which limits number of visitors, at 12-15 all tickets for royal private rooms were sold!!(( no chance to see it Povilas Ja December 13, 2015 Amazing views Grazy T November 27, 2015 Love this :) Oksana Goncharuk October 19, 2015 On the Monday morning you can get free tickets to several museums. Taylor Kiker August 29, 2015 Wawel is split into different exhibits, a separate ticket is needed for each exhibit. treasury is a must if you get there before it sells out. You can see most of the cathedral without buying a ticket Berliner March 5, 2015 Anna Feruga February 15, 2015 Really nice place to visit while in Cracow. Julia Hr January 27, 2015 Great view Kristina Viento December 17, 2014 If you are in Wawel you can see a lot of things for free, there is no use to buy ticket to the cathedral, you can see everything there and nobody will stop you. Upvoted Nov 30, 2016 Marta Turska November 9, 2014 Old Town, old castle.. Worth your time! Heritage of Poland, famous place to see Rada Kosmin November 3, 2014 Good day in perfect place)) Aleks 777 September 23, 2014 Beautiful view from the castle)) Caro Acevedo September 17, 2014 Awesome castle Grazyna Kosno September 5, 2014 There is a Leonardo in the building:-) Nice view over Kraków. Yosun Chang May 6, 2014 Diverse hodge podge of architecture from many different eras and locations, but leaves you wondering why they didn't develop their own unique roof Katya L. May 4, 2014 If you want to buy a ticket and not to stay in a long line, book it from Reservation on exact day and hour,it is much better,if you will stay and won't get a ticket. Julia Fade May 1, 2014 The place •Must be• in Krakow Matteo April 9, 2014 Beautiful Castle with the 'Da Vinci' picture and beautiful Rooms in 1500-1600 Style! Very Nice the cathedral too or simply have a walk in the garden! Petra U January 27, 2014 Book the da Vinc	Jacques Cartier \| Exploration \| France Jacques Cartier You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 7 to 102 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 106 to 110 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,104	Which Swiss sculptor appears with his creation L’Homme Qui Marche I on the 100 Swiss Franc note?	Alberto Giacometti Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline Painters Alberto Giacometti Biography Alberto Giacometti was a prominent painter and sculptor of Swiss origin. This biography of Alberto Giacometti provides detailed information about his childhood, achievements, life & timeline. Quick Facts Annette Arm Image Credit http://theredlist.com/wiki-2-24-525-970-1070-view-1950s-6-profile-alberto-giacometti.html Alberto Giacometti was a popular Swiss artist and surrealist sculptor. He was son of a non-impressionist painter - it is no wonder Giacometti came up with many groundbreaking concepts in arts and sculpture. He experimented with cubism and surrealism as a student of Antoine Bourdelle. His name was associated with the Existentialist movement. His creation of Slaughtered Woman is considered as a violent surrealist work. Through âThe Palace at 4 a. mâ, he created an open cage like structure. His art is renowned for comprising mainly of human forms that are stretched out with elongated limps. His creation of haunting and anguished images serves as ideal expressions of existentialist pessimism. The themes of his later works were of three types - the seated portrait, the walking man and the standing female nude. He enriched the field of modern sculpture with his creation of imagery and his innovative plastic technique. For his outstanding contribution in the field of sculpture, he received the grand prize for sculpture at the Venice Biennale. âParis sans finâ is a sequence of 150 lithographs in the form of a book, which is his last work. It contains his valuable memories of all the places where he had lived. Childhood & Early Life Born in Borgonovo, which is presently a part of the Swiss municipality of Stampa, near the Italian border, Alberto Giacometti was the son of neo-impressionist painter Giovanni Giacometti. He attended Ecole des Beaux-Arts for art studies. In 1919, he took admission at the Ecole des Arts Industriels in Geneva. After three years, he went to Paris to attend sculpting class of Antoine Bourdelle at the Academie de la Grande Chaumiere Career In 1925, he started his first studio with his brother in Paris. His sculpting style was lavish and spacious. During this period of time, he developed an interest towards the surrealist movement. In 1927, he displayed his first surrealist sculptures at the Salon des Tuileries. At that time, he came in contact with artists like Picasso, Arp, Miro and Ernst. He also met with renowned writers like Prevert, Aragon and Queneau. From 1935 to 1940, he remained busy on the study of human head for which he used to focus on the sitterâs gaze. For this purpose, he used his sister and the artist Isabel Rawsthorne as his models. In some of his sculptures, his statues of Isabel are stretched out as her limbs are elongated. Sometimes, he used to create statues as thin as nails. The figures that he drew during this time were smaller. Sometimes, their size was not bigger than just a few centimeters. Along with his brother, he used to earn by making designs for lamps and furniture for the Parisian interior architect Jean-Michel Frank. In 1948, the Pierre Matisse Gallery in New York organized his first one-man show. In this exhibition, he presented the skinny figures that he created. The show received huge success. From 1958 to 1965, he created a series of 150 lithographs titled Paris sans fin. His painting works consisted of a number of portraits of his brother, his wife and friends, some still lives, landscapes and studio pictures. In 1958, he was entrusted with the responsibility to create a monumental sculpture for the Chase Manhattan Bank building in New York. For this project, he created four figures of standing women and he named this creation âGrande femme debout I through IVâ. In 1959, British arts review âX magazineâ published his article âThe Dream, the Sphinx, and the Death of Tâ. The magazine also published some of his drawings. Later, he exhibited his works through a number of exhibitions across Europe. In 1965, he went to the US for	Image of CHARLOTTE BEYSSER BARTHOLDI. - Mother Of French Sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, And Model For The Face Of The Statue Of Liberty. Oil On Canvas By Ary Scheffer, 1855. From Granger - Historical Picture Archive NEXT NEXT CHARLOTTE BEYSSER BARTHOLDI. Mother of French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, and model for the face of the Statue of Liberty. Oil on canvas by Ary Scheffer, 1855. Image No. 0162988	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,105	Which flower and girl’s name is the equivalent of the French name Marguerite?	Name Marguerite - The Meaning Of The Name The Meaning Of The Name Toggle navigation Name: Marguerite Gender: Female Usage: Marguerite, of Basque origin, is a very popular first name. It is more often used as a girl (female) name. People having the name Marguerite are in general originating from Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America. For another variant of the name Marguerite across the world, see Margarita . Meaning: Pearl Please feel free to read what others say about this name and to share your comments if you have more information. N.B. Sometimes it happens that another name has the same meaning. There is nothing surprising in this: both names have the same origin or the same numbers of numerology. To test the compatibility of this name with another, enter a name and click The Growth number corresponding to this first name is 9. Interpretation: Learn more with our free Numerology Tool Popularity of the Name The name Marguerite is ranked on the 1,683rd position of the most used names. It means that this name is very frequently used. We estimate that there are at least 262900 persons in the world having this name which is around 0.004% of the population. The name Marguerite has ten characters. It means that it is relatively long-length, compared to the other names in our database. The graph below represents the number of people who were given the name Marguerite for each year since 1900 in the U.S.A.: The name day of Marguerite is 16 November. For other names check our Name Day Calendar History and Origin Marguerite is the French form of a female given name (English Margaret, Spanish Margarita) which derives from the Greek Μαργαρίτης meaning "pearl"). See also Margaret (name) and Peggy. French form of Margaret , also used in the English-speaking world, where its use has been reinforced by the fact that the name was adopted in the 19th century for a garden flower, a large cultivated variety of daisy. Margaret was earlier used in English as a dialect word denoting the ox-eye daisy, and the French equivalent was borrowed into English just in time to catch the vogue for deriving female given names from vocabulary words denoting flowers. See also Daisy . The section "History and Origin" of this page contains content from the copyrighted Wikipedia article " Marguerite (given name) "; that content is used under the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) . You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the GFDL.	Ceci n’est pas une pipe \| museum-exhibitions.com by Paula Terán New York, from 28. September 2013 to 12 January 2014 René Magritte (1898-1967) is probably the most famous Belgian artist of the 20th century, whose works have been massively used, adapted or imitated in advertisements, posters, albums or book covers, decorative objects etc., so that some of them have become authentic icons of the last century. As the Warhol’s prints of Marilyn or the Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. Le faux miroir (The False Mirror), 1929, René Magritte. Oil on canvas. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. He is considered as a Surrealist painter who usually represented a collection of ordinary objects in an unusual context or space (like a train coming out of a chimney, or a glass of water placed on an unbrella), giving new meanings to familiar things, and challenging the viewer preconditioned perceptions of reality and the ‘real world’ itself, in his words. He would paint a simple object like a pipe or an apple and then write below ‘‘Ceci n’est pas une pipe’’ or ‘‘Ceci n’est pas une pomme’’ (‘‘This is not a pipe’’ or ‘‘This is not an apple’’), denying what was obvious to be seen. Only an apparent contradiction as indeed, he was pointing out that no matter how realistic the object represented seemed to be, the painting could never catch the pipe or the apple itself. Magritte’s would describe his art as “visible images which conceal nothing; they evoke mystery and, indeed, when one sees one of my pictures, one asks oneself this simple question, ‘What does that mean?’. It does not mean anything, because mystery means nothing either, it is unknowable.” La trahison des images (Ceci n’est pas une pipe) (The Treachery of Images [This is Not a Pipe]), 1929, René Magritte. Oil on canvas. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California. The Museum of Modern Art of New York, MoMA, will be presenting the exhibition ‘‘Magritte: The Mystery of the Ordinary, 1926-1938’’. It has been organized in collaboration with the Menil Collection in Houston and the Art Institute of Chicago, where it will be shown as well (at The Menil Collection between 14th February – 1st June, 2014, and at The Art Institute of Chicago between 29th of June -12th October 2014). The retrospective is focused on Magritte’s essential works from the 1920’s and 1930‘s, and shows over 80 paintings, collages, drawings, and objects, along with a selection of photographs, periodicals, and early commercial work, exploring and tracing his development as a definitive Surrealist painter. In addition to works from MoMA’s collection, the exhibitions includes many loans from public and private collections all over the world. L’assassin menacé (The Menaced Assassin), 1927, René Magritte. Oil on canvas. Museum of Modern Art, New York. The retrospective begins in 1926, with the paintings and collages that Magritted created in Brussels which, in his own words, “challenged the real world”, and that would gained him recognition as a Surrealist painter. It also follows Magritte to Paris, where he lived from 1927 to 1930, essential years where he met Surrealists like André Breton, Salvador Dalí, and Joan Miró, and created his first word-image paintings. At that moment, his art was at times violent and disturbing. He started then using methods that included the misnaming of objects, doubling, repetition and mirroning. Some of Magritte’s most radical and famous works are from that period in Paris. Paintings like ‘’The Lovers’’ (1928) where he invokes de cliché of a close-up kiss, but radically changing the voyeuristic side of the image by covering the faces with a cloth. Or ‘’The Treachery of Images ‘’(1929) representing the ‘‘Ceci n’est pas une pipe’’ pipe, or the female nude ‘‘The Eternally Obvious’’ (1930). These paintings will be shown together in this exhibition for the first time since 1931. Les amants (The Lovers), 1928, René Magritte. Oil on canvas. Museum of Modern Art, New York. In 1930 he returned to Brussels where he continued searching for new forms of image making and created paintings that depic	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,106	Which English Monarch was created ‘Defender of the Faith’ by Pope Leo X?	Is British Monarch 'Defender Of The Faith' Or 'Faiths'? \| The Huffington Post Is British Monarch 'Defender Of The Faith' Or 'Faiths'? 10/11/2012 08:57 am ET \| Updated Oct 15, 2012 Trevor Grundy Religion News Service LONDON (RNS) As Britain awaits the appointment of the next archbishop of Canterbury to lead both the Church of England and the far-flung Anglican Communion, there's renewed attention on the woman who officially gets the final say: Queen Elizabeth II, the "Defender of the Faith." The current archbishop, Rowan Williams, ends his 10-year tenure in December. A Church of England committee is sifting through candidates -- two of whom will be submitted to Prime Minister David Cameron, whose top choice will be submitted to the queen for final approval. When he announced his retirement last March, Williams, 62, famously said his successor will need "the constitution of an ox and the skin of a rhinoceros." Politicians and religious leaders say the next archbishop will need those qualities and more to handle deep divisions in the British church over female bishops and North/South divisions among his 77 million-member global flock over sexuality. But he'll also need something else: the ability to envision life when Elizabeth -- who turns 87 next year -- is no longer on the throne, and when Britain is no longer a Christian-majority country. At her coronation in 1953, Elizabeth swore to "uphold the laws of God and the true profession of the Gospel, maintain the Protestant reformed religion established by law and reserve the settlement of the Church of England." Her son and heir apparent, Prince Charles, has said he's planning a symbolic change if and when he becomes king by taking the title "Defender of Faith" or "Defender of the Faiths" to reflect Britain's multicultural and multifaith society. That change would mean Charles would be the first monarch to not be the standard-bearer for Protestantism for the first time since Henry VIII famously broke from Rome to start his own church. Britons may be on Charles' side: A recent BBC poll found that 73 percent favor Elizabeth remaining "Supreme Governor," but about 50 percent would favor Charles' idea for a title change to Defender of Faith. The royal title "Fidei defensor," usually translated "Defender of the Faith," was bestowed by Pope Leo X on Henry VIII in 1521 in recognition of the king's defense of Roman Catholic teaching against the Protestant ideas of Martin Luther. But after Henry VIII broke with Rome and attacked the pope, the title was later revoked. Henry was excommunicated, but the title was bestowed again on Henry's only son, Edward IV, by Parliament in 1544. Charles caused considerable controversy in 1994 when he first floated the idea in his attempt to embrace the other religions that have become more visible since his mother came to the throne in 1952. "The Queen came to the throne at a time when the Church of England was really the only Christian faith in the country," former Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey said in a 2006 television interview. "And there were no Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus around to be in any way evident in the life of the country," he said. "Now it's a completely different world. Prince Charles put his finger on it and there's no way in which the sovereign can be the defender of one faith." A recent study conducted by the British Parliament showed the number of Christians in Britain has dropped 8 percent, to 69 percent, since 2004. The number of nonbelievers, meanwhile, jumped 49 percent over the same period. At the same time, England's Hindu population rose by 43 percent, and Buddhists by 74 percent. "If these populations continue to shrink and grow by the same number of people each year," the study said, "the number of people with no religion will overtake the number of Christians in Great Britain in 20 years." Vernon Bogdanor, a leading constitutionalist who teaches at Oxford University, said society has changed, and perhaps titles should, too. "In 1952," he said recently, "when the queen came to the throne, it was very much an Anglican	Timeline: 1100-1200 Timeline 1100-1200: 1100 Henry I, (alias "Henry Beauclerc") youngest son of William the Conqueror, becomes the new king of England following the asassination of his older brother, William Rufus. He rules until 1135, and the period is a time of peace and prosperity in Britain marked by legal reforms. Crusaders claim fiefdoms in Holy Land. Baldwin of Bouillon becomes Count of Edessa in the new Holy Kingdom of Jerusalem. Raymond of Toulouse becomes Count of Tripoli. Bohemund of Otranto becomes Prince of Antioch. 1100-1200: French literature dominates Western Europe. 1100-1250: Icelandic sagas, Grettirsaga, Volsungsaga, etc. c. 1100 "Play of Saint Catherine" (performed at Dunstable)--first recorded miracle play in England. c. 1100 Earlier tales in the Welsh Mabinogion written in surviving manuscript forms (but tales probably older than surviving manuscripts) 1106 Henry V becomes Holy Roman Emperor. He rules until 1125. Henry I defeats Robert, Duke of Normandy. He imprisons Robert for the remainder of Robert's life. 1107 Alexander I becomes King of Scotland. He rules until 1124. 1108 Louis VI becomes King of France. He rules until 1137. 1109 England and France begin war with each other. 1111 Emperor Henry V forces Pope Paschal II to acknowledge power of the emperor. 1113 The Papacy acknowledges the Founding of the Order of Saint John. Truce between England and France. 1114 Matilda (alias Maud), princess of England, marries Emperor Henry V of Germany. 1115 Stephen II claims the throne of Hungary. He rules until 1131. Saint Bernard founds the Abbey of Clairvaux in France. 1118 John II Comnenus becomes Emperor of Byzantium. He rules until 1143. 1119 Hugues de Payens founds the Order of the Templar Knights. 1120 Prince William, heir of Henry I of England, drowned in the wreck of the "White Ship" during a storm. 1122 Concordat of Worms: conference of German princes ends the dispute between pope and Holy Roman Emperor over the appointment of Bishops. 1123 Death of Omar Khayyam, Persian poet and writer of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. 1124 David I, younger brother of Alexander I, takes the throne of Scotland. He rules until 1153. c. 1125 Eadmer writes The Life of Anselm 1125 Flourishing of Latin chroniclesi n Britain between 1125-1300. 1126 Alfonso VII becomes ruler of Castille in modern day Spain. He rules until 1157. 1128 Alfonso Henriques becomes Count of Portugal. He works hard to establish Portugal as a kingdom independent of Spain, finally succeeding in 1143. 1130 Empress Matilda, widow of German Emperor Henry V, marries Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou in France. (Geoffrey's nickname is "the Handsome," and the Plantagenet offspring will bear characteristic blond hair that marks them from other dynastic lines in England when the Planatagenets come to power there). 1131 The Almohad Dynasty comes to power in Morocco until 1169. 1135 Stephen of Boulogne seizes the English crown on the death of his uncle, Henry I. Civil war breaks out. Stephen will maintain precarious rule until 1154. 1136 c. 1136, Geoffrey of Monmouth writes the "History of the Kings of Britain," a Latin chronicle. It is the first elaborate account of the Arthurian court. 1137 Louis VII becomes ruler of France. He holds the throne until 1180. 1138 Conrad III becomes Holy Roman Emperor in Germany. He	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,107	Where in London can you find 'Nelson's Column'?	Nelson's Column (London, England): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor Do I have to buy a ticket for my infant? How do I get there using public transportation? Is there a restaurant or café onsite? Staying in Trafalgar Square / Embankment Neighborhood Profile Trafalgar Square / Embankment With its iconic Nelson’s Column, majestic oversized lions and brightly-lit fountains, Trafalgar Square is not just considered the heart of this bustling London hub, but the very core of the city itself. Beyond this esteemed gathering place are more famous icons, as well as a disproportionate numbers of the city’s most popular cultural attractions including the National Gallery and many West End theaters. Along the way to these major sites are quiet lanes and antiquated pubs to discover, as well as riverside vistas to enjoy on the embankment. With a calendar full of celebratory events, any time of year is a fine time to visit.	1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? 3. Will Young has been invited to take part in which panel show after saying he is a fan? 4. Nasty Nick Cotton is to return to which TV soap? 5. Which author earns £3m a week in royalties, it was revealed this week? 6. Which band release the album Dig Out Your Soul on Monday? 7. In which year was a World Cup final first decided on penalties? 8. What is the tallest and thickest kind of grass? 9. Which TV cast had a hit with Hi-Fidelity? 10. What nationality was the composer Handel? 11. What is most expensive property in the board game Monopoly? 12. Which Scandinavian group had a top 20 hit in 1993 called Dark Is The Night? 13. In which century was King Henry IV of England born? 14. Who directed the film Alien? 15. Who was the only person to win a medal for Ireland at the Sydney Olympics in 2000? 16. What did Nicholas Copernicus argue was at the centre of our universe, and what was the common belief before then? 17. Which three American states begin with the letter O? 18. In what year did Ruth Ellis become the last woman to be hanged in England? 19. Who was the first British monarch to choose Buckingham Palace as their home? 20. How many Jack’s eyes are visible in a standard pack of playing cards? 21. What is Britain’s largest lake? 22. Cameroon gained its independence from which European country in 1960? 23. Who had a number one in 1960 called Only The Lonely? 24. The 1964 film My Fair Lady was based on a play by whom? 25. Which of the Bronte sisters wrote the novels Agnes Gray and The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall? 26. Which American president once famously proclaimed: “Ich bin ein Berliner”? 27. Which element has the chemical symbol Pb? 28. What was the name of the murder victim at the beginning of the TV series Twin Peaks? 29. Who directed the 2001 film Mulholland Drive? 30. In horse racing, which three racecourses stage the five English classics? ANSWERS: 1. Rick Astley; 2. Othello; 3. Question Time; 4. Eastenders; 5. JK Rowling; 6. Oasis; 7. 1994; 8. Bamboo; 9. The Kids From Fame; 10. German; 11. Mayfair; 12. A-Ha; 13. 14th; 14. Ridley Scott; 15. Sonia O’Sullivan; 16. The Sun. Before then people believed it was the Earth; 17. Ohio, Oklahoma and Oregon; 18. 1955; 19. Queen Victoria; 20. 12; 21. Loch Lomond; 22. France; 23. Roy Orbison; 24. George Bernard Shaw; 25. Anne; 26. John F. Kennedy; 27. Lead; 28. Laura Palmer; 29. David Lynch; 30. Doncaster, Epsom, Newmarket Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,108	What disability did the wife and mother of inventor Alexander Graham Bell both suffer?	Alexander Graham Bell Facts for Kids - Telephone, Inventions, Quotes Check out our fun facts for kids that feature interesting trivia, quotes and information related to a range of famous scientists. Alexander Graham Bell Facts Learn about the man credited with the invention of the first practical telephone with our Alexander Graham Bell facts for kids. Find out about his life growing up in Scotland, his move to Canada, his study of sound and his many experiments and inventions. Read on and enjoy our range of interesting facts and information related to Alexander Graham Bell. Alexander Graham Bell was an influential scientist, engineer and inventor. He was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He died on August 2, 1922 at the age of 75. He is widely credited with the invention of the first practical telephone. Bell’s mother and wife were both deaf, this had a major influence on his work. He didn’t have the middle name “Graham” until he turned 11 when his father gave it to him as a birthday present. He’d earlier asked to have a middle name like his two brothers. Bell became an excellent piano player at a young age. When he was 23, Bell and his parents moved to Canada. Bell studied the human voice and worked with various schools for the deaf. Bell experimented with sound, working with devices such as a ‘harmonic telegraph’ (used to send multiple messages over a single wire) and a ‘phonautograph’ (used to record sound). He worked on acoustic telegraphy with his assistant, an electrical designer named Thomas Watson. On February 14, 1876, Bell and an American electrical engineer named Elisha Gray both filed patents with the U.S. Patent Office covering the transmission of sounds telegraphically. There is debate about who got there first but the patent was awarded to Bell. A few days later he succeeded in getting his telephone to work using elements similar to those of Gray’s water transmitter. Bell’s first words with the working telephone were spoken to his assistant Watson and were along the lines of “Mr Watson, come here. I want to see you.” Bell improved on the design and by 1886 more than 150000 people owned telephones in the United States. Bell also had a strong interest in other scientific fields, conducting medical research, searching for alternative fuel sources, experimenting with metal detectors, developing hydrofoil watercraft and much more. Famous Alexander Graham Bell quotes include: "Before anything else, preparation is the key to success." "A man, as a general rule, owes very little to what he is born with - a man is what he makes of himself." "The day will come when the man at the telephone will be able to see the distant person to whom he is speaking." "The inventor looks upon the world and is not contented with things as they are. He wants to improve whatever he sees, he wants to benefit the world; he is haunted by an idea. The spirit of invention possesses him, seeking materialization." Alexander Graham Bell	"Masterminds" - Manchester Evening News, December 26, 2015 \| Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt 1. What has been the highest selling album of 2015? 2. Who won this year's Strictly Come Dancing? 3. Ford claimed to launch the first 'e-(What?)' at the 2015 Mobile World Congress Show: Pram; bike; dishwasher; or trousers? 4. A 2015 intensive listening study discovered that giraffes actually: Hum; whistle; laugh; or scream? 5. Name the last US president to meet the leader of Cuba before Barack Obama did this year: Clinton; Reagan; Eisenhower; or Washington? 6. Jay Z and Beyonce launched a music streaming service called: Bridal; Tidal; Widal; or Piddle? 7. At auction, $1.2m was paid for Don McLean's original handrwitten lyrics for which 1971 big hit song? 8. The Save the Children charity said it mistakenly awarded which controversial politician a Global Legacy award? 9. An official investigation as to proof of the US moon landings was demanded in 2015 by: Russia; China; NASA; or Donald Trump? 10. The 2015 Epsom Derby was won by Golden: Eye; Horn; Egg; or Handshake? 11. Who became Labour leader in September? 12. Philae, the spaceprobe thought lost until it recommunicated with controllers in 2015 is on: Mars; The Moon; or Comet 67P? 13. Which vast tech corporation opened its first 'Nest' branded intelligent home store in Palo Alto California in 2015? 14. In 2015 Japan lowered its voting age from what to what: 21-19; 20-18; 18-16; 23-20; or 17-15? 15. The abbreviation MERS, significantly impacting South Korea 2015, is otherwise known as: The Asian financial crash; Typhoon Mandy; Seoul Earthquake; or Camel Flu? 16. Christian is the lead character in the film 2015 adaptation of what extraordinarily successful book? 17. Who stepped down as chief of 21st Century Fox: Rupert Murdoch; Clint Eastwood; Donald Trump; or Warren Buffett? 18. An internet picture of a dress baffled people in early 2015, being which two of these colour combinations: Red/pink; green/orange; white/gold; yellow/copper; or blue/black? … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,109	28th June, 1914, saw the assassination of Austrian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, the triggering event of World War 1. In which European city were the Archduke and his wife, did the assassination take place?	Archduke Ferdinand assassinated - Jun 28, 1914 - HISTORY.com Archduke Ferdinand assassinated Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are shot to death by a Bosnian Serb nationalist during an official visit to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. The killings sparked a chain of events that led to the outbreak of World War I by early August. On June 28, 1919, five years to the day after Franz Ferdinand’s death, Germany and the Allied Powers signed the Treaty of Versailles, officially marking the end of World War I. The archduke traveled to Sarajevo in June 1914 to inspect the imperial armed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908. The annexation had angered Serbian nationalists, who believed the territories should be part of Serbia. A group of young nationalists hatched a plot to kill the archduke during his visit to Sarajevo, and after some missteps, 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip was able to shoot the royal couple at point-blank range, while they traveled in their official procession, killing both almost instantly. The assassination set off a rapid chain of events, as Austria-Hungary immediately blamed the Serbian government for the attack. As large and powerful Russia supported Serbia, Austria asked for assurances that Germany would step in on its side against Russia and its allies, including France and possibly Great Britain. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and the fragile peace between Europe’s great powers collapsed, beginning the devastating conflict now known as the First World War. After more than four years of bloodshed, the Great War ended on November 11, 1918, after Germany, the last of the Central Powers, surrendered to the Allies. At the peace conference in Paris in 1919, Allied leaders would state their desire to build a post-war world that was safe from future wars of such enormous scale. The Versailles Treaty, signed on June 28, 1919, tragically failed to achieve this objective. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s grand dreams of an international peace-keeping organization faltered when put into practice as the League of Nations. Even worse, the harsh terms imposed on Germany, the war’s biggest loser, led to widespread resentment of the treaty and its authors in that country–a resentment that would culminate in the outbreak of the Second World War two decades later. Related Videos	Untitled Page National Capitol: The Washington Monument is dedicated. Government Grover Cleveland (1837-1906) is inaugurated as the 22nd President of the United Staes and Thomas A. Hendricks (1819-1885) in inaugurated as the nation's 21st Vice President. Government President Cleveland (1837-1906) proposes the suspension of the minting of silver dollars, fearing that silver is undermining the nation’s gold reserves. War Indian Wars: Apache Indians leave their reservation in Arizona and continue their war against Whites under Geronimo. Science In memory of ornithologist James Audubon (1785-1851), the National Audubon Society is founded in the United States to study bird species. Science Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) establishes the uniqueness of fingerprints. Medicine The first appendectomy in the United States is performed in Davenport Iowa, by Dr. William Grant. Medicine Vaccines: Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) administers the first anti-rabies vaccine to a nine-year-old schoolboy. Inventions The first motorcycle is patented, built by Gottlief Daimler in Germany. Inventions Karl Benz (1824-1929) builds the world's first gasoline-powered vehicle. It has a traveling speed of nine miles per hour. Inventions The first modern bicycle is built. Bikes are a craze in America and Europe until the end of the century. Inventions The dictaphone, the electric transformer, the electric drill, and the thermos bottle are invented. Inventions African American Inventors: Women’s Firsts: Sarah E. Goode becomes the first African-American woman to receive a patent, for a bed that folds up into a cabinet. Education Children’s Books: Frances Hodgson Burnett (1849-1924), writes "Little Lord Fauntleroy." Education Children's Books: Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) publishes "A Child’s Garden of Verses." Education The Bryn Mawr School for Girls in Baltimore, later joined by Bryn Mawr College for Women near Philadelphia, is founded. Arts and Letters "The Mikado," the comic operetta by William S. Gilbert (1836-1911) and Sir Arthur Sullivan (1842-1900), premieres at the Savoy Theatre, London. Arts and Letters American Theatre: Theatrical lighting with electricity is made available to theatrical productions. Truman, Bess Elizabeth Virginia Wallace Truman (1885-1982), wife of Harry S. Truman, is born in Independence, Missouri, on February 13. Grant, Julia Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885), 18th President of the United States, dies July 23 in Mount McGregor, New York. Economics The first commercially operated electrical streetcar begins operation in Baltimore. Economics Railroad History: The Santa Fe Railroad is completed. Daily Life History of Toys: Crayola Crayons: Edwin Binney (1866-1934) and cousin, C. Harold Smith, begin the partnership of Binney & Smith in Peekskill, N.Y. Early products include red oxide pigments for painting red barns and carbon black for car tires. Daily Life Special delivery mail service begins in the United States. Daily Life Newspapers: Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman (1867-1922), writing as Nelly Bly, becomes a reporter for the Pittsburgh Dispatch, reporting on poor working conditions in factories, problems of working girls, slums, divorce, and political corruption. Sports Golf: Golf is introduced to the U.S. from Scotland by John M. Fox of Philadelphia. Sports A weight-lifting strongman is reported to have lifted 3,239 pounds with a harness. Popular Culture H. Rider Haggard (1856-1925) writes the adventure novel, "King Solomon’s Mines." Popular Culture "A Thousand and One Nights" is translated by Richard Burton (1821-1890); it includes the stories of “Sindbad the Sailor,” “Aladdin and the Magic Lamp,” and Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves.” Religion The U.S. Salvation Army is officially organized. Religion The Mormons divide into polygamous and monogamous factions. 1886 The U.S. Forestry Service is established as part of the Dept. of Agriculture. Government A new Presidential Succession Act is passed providing the presidential succession to go to the Vice President, and then to Cabinet officers in the order that their departments were	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,110	What is the most populous city in Canada, the provincial capital of Ontario, which is on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario?	Toronto, Ontario, Canada \| Flickr Back to albums list Toronto, Ontario, Canada Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth most populous municipality in North America. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which is home to 8.1 million residents and has approximately 25% of Canada's population. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,113,149, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 5,555,912 in the 2006 Census. As Canada's economic capital, Toronto is considered a global city and is one of the top financial centres in the world.Toronto's leading economic sectors include finance, business services, telecommunications, aerospace, transportation, media, arts, film, television production, publishing, software production, medical research, education, tourism and sports industries. The Toronto Stock Exchange, the world's seventh largest, is headquartered in the city, along with a majority of Canada's corporations. Toronto's population is cosmopolitan and international, reflecting its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, as about 49% of the population were born outside of Canada. Because of the city's low crime rates, clean environment, high standard of living, and friendlier attitudes to diversity, Toronto is consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.In addition, Toronto was ranked as the most expensive Canadian city in which to live in 2006. Residents of Toronto are called Torontonians. Show more	London, Ontario - Western University London, Ontario London, Ontario Credit: Story Box Productions Since 1878, the fortunes of Western University and the City of London have been indelibly linked. Western has grown into London's fourth largest employer, home to 4,000 full-time faculty and staff, 35,000 students and 306,000 alumni around the world who are forever connected to the City. The university's teaching, research and service missions encompass a wide range of activities that are an integral part of the London community. Our commitment to London has been steadfast for more than 130 years, and will be absolute for the next 130 years and beyond. Be sure and explore our city. The City Explore London Set in the heart of Southwestern Ontario, London is the region’s economic, entertainment and cultural hub. With a population of more than 366,000, London is Canada’s 11th largest city and an ideal environment to work, play and live. Big enough for the ‘big city’ experience, but still far more affordable in comparison with many other Canadian cities, London boasts an extensive educational and health care community, while providing the safe and clean atmosphere of a small community. Visit the City of London website. Seasons We may be in Canada, but we experience four distinct seasons, ranging from hot, breezy summers to colourful autumns to crisp, snowy winters to refreshing springs. Each brings with it its own beauty and opportunities to enjoy the outdoors. No matter, pick a time of year and you’ll discover London is always busy – be it skiing on Boler Mountain, skating on local outdoor ice rinks or taking a quick trip to nearby beaches including Grand Bend and Port Stanley. Cultural Vitality See What's On Now From Museum London to the main stage of The Grand Theatre , the arts thrive in nearly every corner of the city. London put down its creative roots early, over the years nurturing a heart and soul that has produced some great Canadian talent in both the visual and performing arts. Revolutionary artists like Jack Chambers and Greg Curnoe; performers like actors Kate Nelligan, Ryan Gosling and Oscar-winning screenwriter and director Paul Haggis; dancer Evelyn Hart and musician Guy Lombardo. Today, a new generation of musicians, artists and entertainers of all sorts fuel the city’s tradition of artistic excellence. After Hours Downtown London Shopping. Movies. Theatre. Dancing. London always has something going on. Year-round, London has numerous festivals and cultural events, including Snowfest, Sunfest, Rock the Park, London Film Festival and World Beat and Jazz weekends. Considered a sporting hub, London has hosted the Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Summer Paralympics and the World Lacrosse Championships. Richmond Row, one of the city’s most interesting shopping districts, features more than 200 businesses catering to your every need. Richmond Row is also home to a lively nightlife scene, including night club entertainment, live theatre and jazz as well as casual and fine dining. Sports and Concerts What's on Today Budweiser Gardens is a 10,000-seat, multi-purpose facility focused on major touring acts and sports. Headliners have included Kings of Leon, Sarah McLachlan, The Black Keys, and Kid Rock. It is also home to the London Knights, Ontario Hockey League and Memorial Cup champions. Family Life Things to Do With Kids From Storybook Gardens and the London Regional Children’s Museum to East Park and Fanshawe Pioneer Village , opportunity abounds to keep the family entertained. With several family-friendly services including a variety of schools, health care facilities, after-school and special needs programs, children's camps and community centres, London provides parents, both current and expecting, a safe and desirable community to raise a family. Forest City Blaze Your Trail London manages more than 200 parks. They range from major urban city-wide parks such as the 140-hectare Springbank Park to more intimate neighbourhood green spaces that may be just a small oasis of native species plantings. There are also spec	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,111	Which actress sang ‘Happy Birthday’ to US President John F Kennedy on his 45th birthday?	Happy Birthday Mr. President sung by Marilyn Monroe to President John F. Kennedy - YouTube Happy Birthday Mr. President sung by Marilyn Monroe to President John F. Kennedy Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 21, 2013 "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" is a song sung by actress and singer Marilyn Monroe on Saturday, May 19, 1962, for President John F. Kennedy at a celebration of his forty-fifth birthday, ten days before the actual day of his 45th birthday (Tuesday, May 29). Monroe sang the traditional "Happy Birthday to You" lyrics in a sultry voice, with "Mr. President" inserted as Kennedy's name. Monroe continued the song with a snippet from the classic song, "Thanks for the Memory", for which she had written new lyrics specifically aimed at Kennedy. Thanks, Mr. President For all the things you've done The battles that you've won The way you deal with U.S. Steel And our problems by the ton We thank you so much Afterwards, President Kennedy came on stage and joked about the song, saying, "I can now retire from politics after having had Happy Birthday sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way," alluding to Monroe's delivery, her racy dress, and her general image as a sex symbol.[1] The song and Monroe's performance have been remembered for numerous reasons. First, it was one of her last major public appearances (Monroe died August 5, 1962). In addition, there are persistent rumors that President Kennedy and Marilyn Monroe had an affair,[2] giving Monroe's performance another layer of meaning. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy did not attend the celebration. Monroe's performance was accompanied by jazz pianist Hank Jones. Description courtesy of Wikipedia:	Valérie Trierweiler on François Hollande: 'He was no Cary Grant...' - Telegraph Francois Hollande Valérie Trierweiler on François Hollande: 'He was no Cary Grant...' Valérie Trierweiler, the former ‘First Girlfriend’ of France whom President Hollande swapped for young actress Julie Gayet, talks about betrayal, revenge – and her new search for love France's former first lady Valerie Trierweiler Photo: EPA By Gyles Brandreth Comments I have come to Paris to talk of love, politics and betrayal with Valérie Trierweiler, former First Lady of France and author of Thank You for this Moment, not the title of a song by Charles Aznavour (at least, not yet), but an extraordinary kiss-and-tell memoir that has taken France by storm (650,000 copies sold to date) and is published in Britain this week. It is Mills & Boon- meets-House of Cards, and quite a page-turner. The essence of the story is this: beautiful married female journalist (Valérie) meets ambitious quasi-married politician (François Hollande), sparks fly, love ensues; ambitious politician’s ambitious politician partner (Ségolène Royal) moves out, Valérie moves in; François becomes president of France and meets beautiful young actress (Julie Gayet), sparks fly, loves ensues; Valérie moves out. It’s an old story, but the way Valérie tells it, with no punches pulled and plenty of torrid moments, it will make a gripping film. “That is the hope,” she says demurely, as I perch next to her on the sofa and she opens her iPhone to show me a picture of her eldest son’s spectacularly pretty girlfriend, Maya. Valérie is 49; by her second husband (Denis Trierweiler), she has three sons – aged 17, 20 and 21. Her skin is peachy. Her outfit is chic and understated, her little boots enchanting. “Maya could play the young me, don’t you think?” she asks. “I do,” I reply, adding, truthfully, “any number of beautiful actresses could play you. But who could play François? He’s not…” I hesitate. Related Articles 26 Jun 2014 “He’s not Cary Grant.” “Exactly. He’s not handsome. He’s quite small, and when you first knew him he was several kilos heavier than he is now. I can see what he saw in you, but what on earth did you see in him?” “Ah,” her eyes widen, “the mystery of love.” When I press her, she says: “He made me laugh. His intelligence and sharp mind amazed me. He made me feel I was the only person in the world.” It’s clear he played the politician’s trick of listening to what she said and then replaying it to her. He gave her his total focus and pursued her relentlessly. Valérie and François first met 20 years ago. “The two of us fell in love when we were not free. I had a husband I loved, and three young children.” François had Ségolène and four children, but Ségolène, it seems, did not understand him (yes, that old chestnut), and Valérie did. For a time, she held back. Then, on April 14 2005, he took her hand in his. “You are mad,” she said to herself, “it’s not too late to stop, take your hand back.” But she didn’t, and what followed was “a kiss like no other kiss I’d ever shared with anyone”. At this point, you may say: “Pass the sick bag,” but it’s clear to me that here is a woman who is in love with love. Her first husband, Franck, gave her “l’amour de jeunesse” and she is grateful for that; her second gave her her sons. (“Even before we were in a relationship, I had dreamt Denis would be the father of my children. He had dreamt the same dream.”) And Hollande gave her “that once-in-a-lifetime passion that devours everything”. Once the “electromagnetic spark” between them had been ignited, there was no turning back. “True passion is uniquely intoxicating,” she says. She told Denis what had happened – at once. “I am spontaneous,” she tells me. “I am no deceiver.” François was not so candid, but eventually Ségolène discovered what he was up to. “It was not easy,” Valérie concedes. “Infidelity is an infernal triangle.” In May 2007, Ségolène Royal, then the Socialist candidate in the presidential elections, was defeated by Nicolas Sarkozy. The following month, Ségolène told François t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,112	Who wrote the play ‘Barefoot in the Park’, which premiered on Broadway in 1963?	Barefoot in the Park \| Story \| Broadway.com Barefoot in the Park Browse more shows you may also be interested in. Duration Overview Story Story Young newlyweds Corine and Paul Bratter are back on Broadway for the first time since Neil Simon's Barefoot in the Park premiered in 1963! Up-and-coming stars Amanda Peet (best known for the films The Whole Nine Yards and Something's Gotta Give and recently seen at the Public Theater in Neil LaBute's This Is How It Goes) and Patrick Wilson (a Tony nominee for The Full Monty and Oklahoma! who also starred in the big screen The Phantom of the Opera) will step into the roles played by Jane Fonda and Robert Redford in the well-loved film version of the comedy. Rounding out the leading cast are Jill Clayburgh as Corie's mother and Tony Roberts as the eccentric upstairs neighbor, Victor Velasco. Acclaimed director Scott Elliott (The Women, Hurlyburly) will stage this highly-anticipated revival, which starts previews in late January on Broadway.	Robert B. Sherman, Songwriter for Disney, Dies at 86 - The New York Times The New York Times Music \|Robert B. Sherman, a Songwriter for Disney and Others, Dies at 86 Search Continue reading the main story Photo From left, Richard M. Sherman, Julie Andrews, Dick Van Dyke and Robert B. Sherman on the set of “Mary Poppins,” from the 2009 documentary “The Boys: The Sherman Brothers.” Credit Disney Enterprises Robert B. Sherman, half of the fraternal songwriting team that wrote the ubiquitous paean to togetherness, “It’s a Small World (After All)”, and that in films like “Mary Poppins” and “Chitty Chitty Bang Bang” etched dozens of tunes and volumes of lyrics into the permanent memories of generations of children and their parents, died Tuesday in London. He was 86. His death was confirmed by his son Jeffrey. Mr. Sherman and his brother, Richard M. Sherman, were known for perky tunes and generally cheery lyrics, and their best-loved songs became standards of family entertainment, though their own difficult relationship was marked by decades of strain and periods of estrangement. They won two Academy Awards — for “Chim Chim Cher-ee,” a chimney sweep’s proud anthem from “Mary Poppins,” the celebrated 1964 film about a nanny with magical powers, starring Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke, and for the film’s score, which included the nonsense song “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious,” the spirited theory of child-rearing “A Spoonful of Sugar,” and “Feed the Birds,” a ballad that extols caring for other creatures, said to be a favorite of Walt Disney, their longtime boss. The Sherman brothers worked side by side at the Disney studio from the early 1960s into the 1970s, producing songs for several movie musicals, both live-action and animated — “The Jungle Book,” “Bedknobs and Broomsticks,” “The Sword in the Stone,” “The Aristocats” and “The Happiest Millionaire” — as well as short cartoons based on A. A. Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh stories. Continue reading the main story After Disney died, in 1966, they also wrote the songs for “Chitty Chitty Bang Bang,” produced by Albert R. Broccoli, a film, jovial but with a hint of World War II darkness, about the inventor of a flying car. Adapted for the stage with new Sherman brothers songs, “Chitty Chitty Bang Bang” opened in London’s West End in 2002 and ran for more than three years; it was also on Broadway for eight months in 2005. The stage adaptation of “Mary Poppins” opened in London in 2004 and ran for more than three years; it is now in its sixth year on Broadway. Advertisement Continue reading the main story Both brothers took credit for words and music, though Robert was primarily the word man and Richard, who would sit at the piano as they worked, primarily the music guy. “Their standard line,” Jeffrey Sherman said, “was ‘I write the words and music and he writes the music and words.’ ” All the while they were immersed in a sibling rivalry and personality clash that eventually divided them and their families. Richard, the younger brother by two and a half years, was the more single-minded of the two, devoted to songwriting and little else; he was also known to have a blustery temper. Robert, who survived a harrowing war experience, had more of a wide-ranging curiosity, more of a poet’s probing mind. Friends made parallels to Paul McCartney and John Lennon; Robert was the brooder, the Lennon of the two. In “The Boys” — a 2009 documentary about the brothers made by Jeffrey Sherman and Gregg Sherman, Richard’s son — Walt Disney’s nephew Roy, a former top executive at the Walt Disney Company, said that the difference could be seen in two of their songs from “Mary Poppins”: Richard was more “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious,” Robert more “Feed the Birds.” In any case, though they continued to work together off and on and feigned closeness in public, they rarely spoke, their families did not socialize and the broken relationship was barely ever mentioned, even in private. Photo Robert Sherman, left, and his brother, Richard, in 1965 with Debbie Reynolds when they received the Oscar for be	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,113	Taking place on March 7th 1814, The Battle of Craonne took place in which country?	Battle of Craonne 1814 : Schlacht : Bataille : Batalla : Battaglia "The French [cavalry] charged with such fury that it seemed that nothing could withstand their onlaught, but when the smoke cleared away, the hostile [infantry] squares were still unshaken." - Frederick William Maycock Craonne is " ... one of the most desperately contested battles in which Napoleon had ever taken part ... the casualties among the Guard had been unusually heavy" - British author Frederick William Orby Maycock . "Like Waterloo, Craonne might have proved the last day of Napoleon's career, if during the time he was straining every effort to annihilate the Russians on the plateau, by bringing all his troops into action, Generals Wintzingerode, Kleist and Langeron had charged the French rear as had been ordered." - Russian author Mihailovski-Danilevski Movements of troops before the battle. "If this move on the part of the French had disconcerted Blucher, Napoleon, on the other hand, found his plans upset by the Allies' advance on Craonne." - Houssaye . During the campaign of 1814 Napoleon faced several allied armies. The largest of them was the Army of Bohemia under Schwarzenberg. The most aggressive was the Army of Silesia under Blucher. There were also the Army of the North, Army of Poland, and the Reserves. The enemy was advancing on Paris. In this article we describe Napoleon's movements and actions againt Blucher in the first weeks of March. Napoleon's idea was to cross Aisne River near Fismes and march on Laon to threaten Blucher's cummunication and supply line. This movement would force Blucher to leave the recently captured important French fortress of Soissons and march on Laon with the intention of protecting his lines. In this situation Napoleon would be sure that Blucher was not going to try a move on Paris ! Napoleon however abandoned the original idea because Marshal Marmont reported that Blucher was already marching on Laon. Another reason was that the empreror had no pontoons and had to rely on trestle bridges. Napoleon therefore decided to cross Aisne at Berry-au-Bac, where there was a stone bridge. Since Blucher already left Soissons for Laon there was no reason for Marshals Marmont and Victor to stay any longer in front of that fortress. Napoleon ordered them to join him at Berry-au-Bac. Blucher intended to defend the passage of the Aisne river. He expected however Napoleon to cross the river near Missy and therefore not occupied Berry-au-Bac with stronger force. The bridge at Berry-au-Bac was guarded with only small infantry force and guns and several regiments of Cossacks. On 5 March the emperor learnt from cavalry patrol that the bridge could be captured without difficulty. Napoleon immediately altered his plans, and the corps commanders were ordered to stop the construction of the bridges and to march at once to Berry-au-Bac, where the whole army would cross. General "Nansouty, with the Polish Lancers and the 2nd Guard Cavalry Division, was ordered to seize the crossing; the Cossack vedettes posted on the left bank retired across the bridge at a gallop, with the Poles close on their heels. The attack was so sudden and so fierce that the enemy had no time to man their defences; both cavalry and infantry fled through the village, leaving their 2 guns and 200 prisoners in the hands of the French." (Houssaye - "Napoleon and the campaign of 1814" pp 142-143) At Berry-au-Bac "Major Skarzynski of the Guard Lancers performed prodigies of valor. Overwhelmed and ridden down by a flood of Cossacks, he wrenched an "especially heavy" lance from one of them and - wild with the outraged fury of despair - spurred amuck down the road, bashing every Cossack skull that came within his reach. Rallying and wedging in behind him, his Polish handful cleared the field. The same day Napoleon made Skarzynski the Baron of the Empire. Snatching a lance from a Cossack, he created a void around him by knocking over the fugitives in his path and running the rest through with his lance." - Henri Lachoque) (According to Ronald Pawly, Major Ambrosius	Battle of Blenheim in the War of Spanish Succession 56,000 men, 90 guns Battle of Blenheim - Background: In 1704, King Louis XIV of France sought to knock the Holy Roman Empire out of the War of Spanish Succession by capturing its capital, Vienna . Eager to keep the Empire in the Grand Alliance (England, Habsburg Empire, Dutch Republic, Portugal, Spain, & the Duchy of Savoy), the Duke of Marlborough made plans to intercept the French and Bavarian forces before they could reach Vienna. Executing a brilliant campaign of disinformation and movement, Marlborough was able to shift his army from the Low Countries to the Danube in only five weeks, placing himself between the enemy and the Imperial capital. Reinforced by Prince Eugène of Savoy, Marlborough encountered the combined French and Bavarian army of Marshall Tallard along the banks of the Danube near the village of Blenheim. Separated from the Allies by a small stream and marsh known as the Nebel, Tallard arrayed his forces in a four mile-long line from the Danube north towards the hills and woods of the Swabian Jura. Anchoring the line were the villages of Lutzingen (left), Oberglau (center), and Blenheim (right). On the Allied side, Marlborough and Eugène had decided to attack Tallard on August 13. Battle of Blenheim - Marlborough Attacks: Assigning Prince Eugène to take Lutzingen, Marlborough ordered Lord John Cutts to attack Blenheim at 1:00 PM. Cutts repeatedly assaulted the village, but was unable to secure it. Though the attacks were not successful, they caused the French commander, Clérambault, to panic and order the reserves into the village. This mistake robbed Tallard of his reserve force and negated the slight numerical advantage he possessed over Marlborough. Seeing this error, Marlborough altered his orders to Cutts, instructing him to simply contain the French in the village. At the opposite end of the line, Prince Eugène was having little success against the Bavarian forces defending Lutzingen, despite having launched multiple assaults. With Tallard's forces pinned down on the flanks, Marlborough pushed forward an attack on the French center. After heavy initial fighting, Marlborough was able to defeat Tallard's cavalry and routed the remaining French infantry. With no reserves, Tallard's line broke and his troops began fleeing towards Höchstädt. They were joined in their flight by the Bavarians from Lutzingen. Trapped in Blenheim, Clérambault's men continued the fight until 9:00 PM when over 10,000 of them surrendered. As the French fled southwest, a group of Hessian troops managed to capture Marshall Tallard, who was to spend the next seven years in captivity in England. Battle of Blenheim - Aftermath & Impact: In the fighting at Blenheim, the Allies lost 4,542 killed and 7,942 wounded, while the French and Bavarians suffered approximately 20,000 killed and wounded as well as 14,190 captured. The Duke of Marlborough's victory at Blenheim ended the French threat to Vienna and removed the aura of invincibility that surrounded the armies of Louis XIV. The battle was a turning point in the War of Spanish Succession, ultimately leading to the Grand Alliance's victory and an end of French hegemony over Europe.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,114	Which of Picasso’s ‘periods’ came first - from 1901 to 1904?	Pablo Picasso's Blue Period Biography Pablo Picasso's Blue Period - 1901 to 1904 The Blue Period of Picasso is the period between 1900 and 1904, when he painted essentially monochromatic paintings in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors. These somber works, inspired by Spain but painted in Paris, are now some of his most popular works, although he had difficulty selling them at the time. Picasso settled in Paris in 1904, having spent a few difficult years with no fixed studio and little artistic success. While back in 1903, he had produced his Blue Period works, which seemed to reflect his experience of relative poverty and instability, depicting beggars, street urchines, the old and frail and the blind. This period's starting point is uncertain; it may have begun in Spain in the spring of 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year. In choosing austere color and sometimes doleful subject matter - prostitutes, beggars and drunks are frequent subjects - Picasso was influenced by a journey through Spain and by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas, who took his life at the LHippodrome Cafe in Paris, France by shooting himself in the right temple on February 17, 1901. Although Picasso himself later recalled, "I started painting in blue when I learned of Casagemas's death", art historian Helene Seckel has written: "While we might be right to retain this psychologizing justification, we ought not lose sight of the chronology of events: Picasso was not there when Casagemas committed suicide in Paris ... it was only in the fall that this dramatic event emerged in his painting, with several portraits of the deceased". At this time Picasso was very open to artistic influences around him, and events of these years would have a major effect on his: the exhibition of Fauve works, particularly those of Henri Matisse . Picasso responded to the new avant-grade developments of the Fauve painters in Paris by exploring new directions himself, creating his ground-breaking style. Picasso's depression didn't end with the beginning of his rose period, which succeeded the blue period and in which the color pink dominates in many of his paintings. In fact, it lasted until the end of his cubist period (which followed the rose period) and only in the period thereafter, which was his neo-classicist period, did Picasso's work begin the show the playfulness that would remain a prominent feature of his work for the rest of his life. Picasso's contemporaries didn't even distinguish between a blue and a rose period but regarded the two as one single period. Starting in the latter part of 1901 he painted several posthumous portraits of Casagemas, culminating in the gloomy allegorical painting La Vie , painted in 1903 and now in the Cleveland Museum of Art . The same mood pervades the well-known etching The Frugal Repast (1904), which depicts a blind man and a sighted woman, both emaciated, seated at a nearly bare table. Blindness is a recurrent theme in Picasso's works of this period, also represented in The Blindman's Meal (1903, the Metropolitan Museum of Art) and in the portrait of Celestina (1903). Other frequent subjects include female nudes and mothers with children. A significant influence on Picasso's blue period paintings was his visit to a woman's prison called St. Lazare in Paris, where nuns served as guards. The Two sisters is an example of how Picasso used to mix daily reality with Christian iconography. The po	Fauvism About Watch and Favorite Watch Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. Favorite Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the “My Resources” tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you’re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. Fauvism The Fauves were a group of early 20th century Modern artists based in Paris whose works challenged Impressionist values. Learning Objective Contrast the characteristics of Fauvism, as found in the work of Matisse and Derain, from those of its predecessor Impressionism Key Points The Fauvist movement, led by Henri Matisse and Andre Derain, officially lasted for only four years: 1904–1908. Vivid color, simplification, abstraction, and unusual brush strokes are hallmarks of the Fauvist style . Fauvist influences and references include Van Gogh's Post- Impressionism and the Neo-Impressionist technique of Pointillism . Gustave Moreau, a controversial professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, mentored several of the Fauves, including Matisse, and profoundly influenced their work. Terms Register for FREE to remove ads and unlock more features! Learn more Full Text Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts"), a short-lived and loose group of early 20th century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong color over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism. While Fauvism as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as such lasted only a few years, 1904–1908, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain. The vibrant, surprising use of color in this work is characteristic of the Fauvist style. Apart from Matisse and Derain, other artists included Albert Marquet, Charles Camoin, Louis Valtat, the Belgian painter Henri Evenepoel, Maurice Marinot, Jean Puy, Maurice de Vlaminck, Henri Manguin, Raoul Dufy, Othon Friesz, Georges Rouault, the Dutch painter Kees van Dongen, the Swiss painter Alice Bailly, and Georges Braque (subsequently Picasso's partner in Cubism). The paintings of the Fauves were characterized by seemingly wild brush work and strident colors, while their subject matter had a high degree of simplification and abstraction. Fauvism can be classified as an extreme development of Van Gogh's Post-Impressionism fused with the pointillism of Seurat and other Neo-Impressionist painters, in particular Paul Signac. Other key influences were Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin, whose employment of areas of saturated color—notably in paintings from Tahiti—strongly influenced Derain's work. Gustave Moreau, a controversial professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and a Symbolist painter, was the movement's inspirational teacher. Moreau taught Matisse, Marquet, Manguin, Rouault, and Camoin during the 1890s, and was viewed by critics as the group's philosophical leader until Matisse was recognized as such in 1904. Moreau's broad-mindedness, originality, and affirmation of the expressive potency of pure color was inspirational for his students. Derain and Matisse worked together through the summer of 1905 in the Mediterranean village of Collioure, and later that year displayed their highly innovative paintings at the Salon d'Automne. The vivid, unnatural colors led the critic Louis Vauxcelles to derisively dub their works as les Fauves, or "the wild beasts," which the artists then appropriated as the title for their movement. The painting that was singled out for special condemnation, Matisse's Woman with a Hat, was subsequently bought by the major patrons of the avant-garde scene in Paris, Gertrude and Leo Stein.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,115	It is considered to have been conceived in the West as an idea in 1508 and in its current highly-oxygen-permeable form 490 years later, and is..?	America’s Birth Certificate: The Oldest Globular World Map: c. 1507 America’s Birth Certificate: The Oldest Globular World Map: c. 1507 Stefaan Missinne PhD Copyright © 2015 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). Received 4 June 2015; accepted 30 June 2015; published 2 July 2015 ABSTRACT In 2012, a woodcut print for a c. 11 centimeter globe was discovered in an ancient volume in the University Library in Munich . This pivotal 1 million US$ globular world map, which only differs marginally from four other extant woodcut copies, attracted worldwide media attention. This discovery ignited the search for the date and the origin of an enigma in the form of an intricate secretive small Renaissance map. The aforementioned had been acquired inserted in a French adapted and unauthorised copy of the Introduction to Cosmography dated 1507 and printed in Lyon. The son of a Dutch American immigrant from Flusching, H. C. Kalbfleisch bought it in Paris in 1881 and brought it to New York . The author offers key evidence that this secretive map is an important misinterpreted and misdated cultural historical prototype which antedates five later woodcut copies: gores in Munich UB, Minnesota-Hauslab, Christie’s, SL Munich and Offenburg. He proves that its size and scale are inspired by a calculation of Leonardo da Vinci as described in one of his Codices, and applied on the 1504 Ostrich Egg globe discovered in London 2012. The research methodology used is stemmatics as developed by the German scholar K. Lachmann applied on ancient maps and the evaluation of the scientific aspects and architectural, historical and artistic design. Evidence was offered that the Introduction to Cosmography printed in France in which the engraved map was loosely inserted, together with two additional copper engravings, was printed prior to March 1508. The map research leads to the Benedictine monk and German cartographer, globe constructor and astrologist Donnus Nicolaus Germanus. The latter was the first who constructed a terrestrial and a celestial globe for the library of the Pope Pius IV. The two additional copper engravings lead to the Dutch born medical doctor and astrologer Guillelmus de Wissekerke, supplier of astrological instruments for French kings and the Duke of Milan. The artistic decorator for these copper engravings L. Boulengier was from the city of Albi in France, a possible key stepping-stone to the Papacy in Rome. The cathedral in Albi stood as an architectural symbol against the Cathars. Boulengier drew his inspiration from the Gothic flamboyant style of that world heritage cathedral in his home town Albi. He decorated these engravings on behalf of the powerful and art-loving Florimond de Robertet, Secretary of State for three subsequent French kings including King Francis I, 1515. Robertet was a client of Leonardo da Vinci. A date on two of the three artistic prints is a key date for the royalty of France. The French king Louis XII lost the succession of his House Valois-Orléans to the House of Valois-Angoulême after failing to produce a male heir to the throne. The author concludes that the small globular map naming America is America’s oldest Birth Certificate. A printed letter―early 1508―by Martin Waldseemüller provides the date. The small map precedes by more than eight years the large woodcut world map discovered in 1903 in Castle Wolfegg (Baden-Württemberg) by the Austrian Jesuit priest Dr. J. Fischer and which was sold to the Library of Congress, in 2001 for US $10 million. This research is a reappraisal. It is also a rebuttal of a misdirection in the history of science and a misleading error of 133 years ago. It combines medical, geographical, and cultural history of science. It leads the reader through Italian and French Renaissance and concentrates on aspects of architecture, map design, Leonardo da Vinci, French Royalty, and the early discovery of America. It offers a surprising ending leading to the city of New York, named Nou	Snowy Afternoon quiz [Archive] - CPFC BBS 1. As at 2008 which corporation owns the brands Duracell, Braun and Gillette? 2. Who was the first artist to appear at the new Wembley Stadium? 3. In which year did the first Mersey road tunnel open? 4. In which country was Imry Nagy twice Prime Minister, executed for treason in 1958 and reburied as a hero in 1989? 5. Which English artist and engraver is famed for his paintings of horses? 6. American jazz musician Art Tatum excelled on which instrument? 7. What is the technical term for a solid figure with five plane (flat) faces? 8. A boomslang is what type of creature? 9. What is grandpa's name in the TV show The Munsters? 10. In which country was Greenpeace founded? 11. Who succeeded James Callaghan as leader of Britain's Labour Party? 12. Which student of Socrates, and teacher of Aristole, wrote Republic? 13. What is the name of the assembly of cardinals for the election of a pope? 14. Chiromancy is the technical name for what pseudoscience (claimed but not proven to be scientific)? 15. The Karnak Temple complex, dating back to the ancient city of Thebes, is in which country? 16. As at 2008 what is the most popularly attended concert venue in the world (highest audience numbers per year)? 17. Nanga Parbat, meaning 'naked mountain', the 9th highest in the world, is part of which mountain range? 18. In which year was the United Nations founded? 19. Which American singer's real name was Eunice Wayman? 20. The ghost of great Dane dog Kabur, said to haunt Los Angeles Pet Cemetery, belonged to which 1920s screen idol? 21. Who wrote Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance? 22. What country hosts the World Wife-Carrying Championships? 23. What country temporarily renamed its currency Bolivar Fuerte (meaning strong Bolivar) while phasing out the use of the previous Bolivar alongside it? 24. What vital mechanism did Elisha Otis invent in 1852? 25. What is Earl's band called in the TV series My Name is Earl? 26. Which British MP claims responsibility for introducing speed bumps ('sleeping policemen') to UK roads? 27. Who holds the record for the longest televised successful golf putt (as at 2008)? 28. Harrisburg is the capital of which US state? 29. What are the Italian cheese balls whose name translates as 'small mouthfuls? 30. What did Colonel Thomas Blood attempt to steal in 1671? Psychokiller 02-02-2009, 03:06 PM 1. As at 2008 which corporation owns the brands Duracell, Braun and Gillette? P&G 4. In which country was Imry Nagy twice Prime Minister, executed for treason in 1958 and reburied as a hero in 1989? Hungary 5. Which English artist and engraver is famed for his paintings of horses? Stubbs 11. Who succeeded James Callaghan as leader of Britain's Labour Party? Foot 12. Which student of Socrates, and teacher of Aristole, wrote Republic? Plato 15. The Karnak Temple complex, dating back to the ancient city of Thebes, is in which country? Egypt 18. In which year was the United Nations founded? 1949? 23. What country temporarily renamed its currency Bolivar Fuerte (meaning strong Bolivar) while phasing out the use of the previous Bolivar alongside it? Venezuala (sp) 30. What did Colonel Thomas Blood attempt to steal in 1671? Crown Jewels brighton_eagle 02-02-2009, 03:09 PM The answer I have is elevator brake. Which allowed him to build the safety elevator which is commonly known as the elevator today. So whilst correct, your answer is not the only answer. Sorry. Carry on.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,116	The band Heaven 17 took their name from which Stanley Kubrick film?	From Blur To Bowie, 18 Ingenious Music Moments Inspired By Stanley Kubrick Movies - NME NME 4:54 pm - Nov 27, 2014 0shares 0shares 1/19 Stanley Kubrick is the flavour of the month right now – ‘Barry Lyndon’ is set for a BFI re-release and there’s a new Kubrick-inspired exhibition at Somerset House. To celebrate, we’ve delved into history to find out what influence his movies had on music. Here’s a guide to how Kubrick’s spell has spilled out into rock, pop and hip-hop… Credit: Press 2/19 Blur’s ‘The Universal’ video Blur’s ‘The Universal’ video: An obvious one to kick us off, paying deft homage to the iconic opening scene of ‘A Clockwork Orange’, in the film’s Korova Milk Bar. Shout out to Damon for nailing the movie’s violent leading man Alex’s eye makeup and crooked smiles to the camera, while his ‘droog’ bandmates linger ominously in the background. Credit: Press 3/19 Guns N’ Roses’ ‘Welcome To The Jungle’ video: Guns N’ Roses’ ‘Welcome To The Jungle’ video: In which a straight-jacket-clad Axl Rose is strapped to a device that stretches his eyelids open, forcing him to absorb the TV images of horror in front of him? Sound familiar? It should do to anyone who’s sat through the gristly second half of ‘A Clockwork Orange’. Credit: Press 4/19 Kanye West’s ‘Runaway’ Kanye West’s ‘Runaway’: Yeezy’s sprawling ‘…Dark Twisted Fantasy’ highlight was directly inspired by the angsty eroticism of Kubrick’s last film. Kanye posted screencaps from the movie on Twitter during its recording while the austere piano motif threaded through the track is borrowed from the score: check out 1.53 in this video if you don’t believe us . Credit: Press 5/19 Heaven 17 Heaven 17: Another easy one. Early ’80s Sheffield new wavers Heaven 17 took their name from one of the fictional bands in Kubrick’s ‘A Clockwork Orange’ and Anthony Burgess’ source novel – they’re mentioned at being number 4 in the charts with as Alex roams a record shop with a song called ‘Inside’. Credit: Getty 6/19 Pink Floyd, ‘Echoes’ and ‘2001’ synchronisation rumours Pink Floyd, ‘Echoes’ and ‘2001’ synchronisation rumours: Much like ‘Dark Side Of The Moon’ is said to sync up with ‘The Wizard of Oz’, a long-standing rumour among prog fans is ‘Echoes’ was written to fit the chilling ‘Infinite’ scene in ‘2001’. The band denied it, but later confessed they deeply admired Kubrick and would have loved to soundtrack one of his cinematic masterworks. Credit: Press 7/19 Slipknot’s ‘Spit it Out’ video Slipknot’s ‘Spit it Out’ video: How better to announce your band as new kings of primal horror-rock than with a video channeling the terror of what’s pretty universally agreed upon as the most chilling horror film ever made? One of the Iowa group’s earliest video was a neat remake of ‘The Shining’ – creepy twins and all. Credit: Press 8/19 The Ramones’ ‘Too Tough To Die’ sleeve The Ramones’ ‘Too Tough To Die’ sleeve: “Johnny [Ramone] wanted a picture that would evoke memories of the gang in ‘A Clockwork Orange’,” photographer George DuBose said in 2005 of his shot for the New Yorkers’ eighth album. Thus a dark, starkly illuminated shot that recalls both the movie’s otherworldly blue-hued night sequences and the tunnel in which Alex’s gang beat a homeless man. Credit: Press 9/19 Strangelove Strangelove: Where do you reckon these Bristol ’90s rockers got their name from? Duh! Kubrick’s ‘Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb’ of course. Credit: Getty 10/19 Moloko Moloko: Heaven 17 weren’t the only Sheffield band with ‘A Clockwork Orange’ to thank for their band name. Moloko is Alex and his gang’s slang word for milk in the movie and Burgess’ source novel. It’s also the Russian word for milk but neither Róisín Murphy nor Mark Brydon, the group’s central duo, look like they holiday in St Petersberg so we’ll assume ‘A Clockwork Orange’ is responsible. Credit: Getty 11/19 Bowie’s ‘Space Oddity’ Bowie’s ‘Space Oddity’: We’ll let Dave field this one: “In England, it was always presumed that [‘Space Oddity’] was written about the space landing, because it kind of came t	“To prevent the present heat from dissipating”: Stanley Kubrick and the Marketing of Dr. Strangelove (1964) “To prevent the present heat from dissipating”: Stanley Kubrick and the Marketing of Dr. Strangelove (1964) Peter Krämer Résumé \| Index \| Plan \| Texte \| Bibliographie \| Notes \| Citation \| Auteur Résumé Making extensive use of archival sources, most notably from the Stanley Kubrick Archive at the University of the Arts London, this article examines the production history and marketing of Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and the Love the Bomb (1964), a film based on Peter George’s 1958 novel Red Alert. The focus is on the complex relationship between Kubrick and the people behind a rival project, Eugene Burdick and Harvey Wheeler's nuclear thriller Fail-Safe which was published in 1962 and eventually released as a film a few months after Dr. Strangelove in 1964. The article also outlines two major efforts to promote Kubrick's forthcoming film through press releases and a press book, interviews, contacts with editors and journalists, paid advertisements as well as theatrical and television trailers. The initial promotional campaign took place in the first half of 1963 and fore-grounded the film's director, its serious, topical theme and the unusual, comical treatment of that theme. The second campaign, which started in November 1963 and was necessitated by delays in the film’s production and release, placed more emphasis than the first one on comedy; it also fore-grounded sex and the film's stars, especially Peter Sellers. PDF Signaler ce document 1On 7 March 1963, five weeks into principal photography for Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, the film’s director, producer and co-writer Stanley Kubrick wrote to Columbia Pictures about the marketability of his latest project: 1 Stanley Kubrick to Rube Jackter, March 7, 1963, SK/11/9/27 1/2, Stanley Kubrick Archive (SKA), Univ (...) My original belief that this subject matter would be very commercial, create an almost unprecedented public and critical reaction, and be possibly the most exploitable film of recent times, has, I believe, been largely proven by the tremendous success of its plagiarised cousin Fail-Safe and the very unusual attention which is being given to the dispute between the two films. ... Naturally, I would like to have the film released as quickly as possible in order to prevent the present heat from dissipating. 1 2 In total, the novel sold in excess of 2 million copies, as did Nevil Shute’s post-apocalyptic novel (...) 3 For details on this law suit, see below. 2The “commercial” subject matter of Kubrick’s film was the outbreak of nuclear war. This topic had already been the focus of several bestselling novels, the latest of which had been Eugene Burdick and Harvey Wheeler’s Fail-Safe, published in October 1962. 2 Because Fail-Safe shared many elements with Peter George’s 1958 novel Two Hours to Doom (published in the US as Red Alert), on which Dr. Strangelove was based, Kubrick, George and Columbia had sued Burdick and Wheeler as well as the film production company planning to adapt the novel, for plagiarism. 3 It is this on-going “dispute” which generated the “heat” that Kubrick wanted to exploit, when one might have expected him to refer instead to developments in the nuclear confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, notably the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, which, it was widely perceived, had actually brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. 3In his letter to Columbia, Kubrick acknowledged that the distributor, which had only taken on Dr. Strangelove a few months earlier in November 1962, needed time “for your sales and exploitation forces to manage a co-ordinated national release,” and therefore would have to go “five to six weeks” beyond his preferred release date (which he gave as 15 August 1963) for the as yet unfinished film: If I understand you correctly, your plan is to break the film nationally (...I would assume in somewhere around 50 cities), so	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,117	In what decade rom was the school leaving age raised from 15 to 16?	A History of Education A BRIEF HISTORY OF EDUCATION By Tim Lambert Education in Ancient Egypt Most children in Egypt did not go to school. Instead boys learned farming or other trades from their fathers. Girls learned sewing, cooking and other skills from their mothers. Boys from wealthy families sometimes learned to be scribes. They learned by copying and memorizing and discipline was strict. Teachers beat naughty boys. The boys learned reading and writing and also mathematics . There is evidence that some women in Egypt could read and write. Education in Ancient Greece In ancient Greece girls learned skills like weaving from their mothers. Many girls also learned to read and write at home. Boys were also taught at home when they were very young but they started school at the age of six. Boys from a rich family were escorted to school by a slave. The boys learned reading, writing and arithmetic as well as poetry and music. The Greeks also believed that physical education was very important so boys did dancing and athletics. Discipline was severe in Ancient Greek schools and children were often beaten. In Sparta children were treated very harshly. At the age of 7 boys were removed from their families and sent to live in barracks. They were treated severely to turn them into brave soldiers. They were deliberately kept short of food so they would have to steal - teaching them stealth and cunning. They were whipped for any offence. Spartan girls learned athletics and dancing - so they would become fit and healthy mothers of more soldiers. Education in Rome In rich Roman families children were educated at home by a tutor. Other boys and girls went to a primary school called a ludus at the age of 7 to learn to read and write and do simple arithmetic. Boys went to secondary school where they would learn geometry, history, literature and oratory (the art of public speaking). Teachers were often Greek slaves. The teachers were very strict and they frequently beat the pupils. Children wrote on wax tablets with a pointed bone stylus. (Adults wrote on a form of paper called papyrus, which was made from the papyrus plant). Education in the Middle Ages In the Middle Ages many people were illiterate but not all. Upper class children were educated. Among the Medieval poor the better-educated priests might teach some children to read and write - a little. In many towns there were grammar schools where middle class boys were educated. (They got their name because they taught Latin grammar). Boys worked long hours in the grammar schools and discipline was severe. Boys were beaten with rods or birch twigs. There were also chantry schools. Some men left money in their wills to pay for a priest to chant prayers for their soul after their death. When he was not praying the priest would educate local children. During the Middle Ages education gradually became more common. By the 15th century perhaps a third of the population of England could read and write. From the early 13th century England had two universities at Oxford and Cambridge. At them students learned seven subjects, grammar, rhetoric (the art of public speaking), logic, astronomy, arithmetic, music and geometry. Education in 16th Century England Education flourished in the 16th century. Many rich men founded grammar schools. Boys usually went to a kind of nursery school called a 'petty school' first then moved onto grammar school when they were about seven. The school day began at 6 am in summer and 7 am in winter (people went to bed early and got up early in those days). Lunch was from 11 am to 1 pm. School finished at about 5 pm. Boys went to school 6 days a week and there were few holidays. In the 16th century many children learned to read and write with something called a hornbook. It was not a book in the modern sense. Instead it was a wooden board with a handle. Fixed to the board was a sheet of paper with the alphabet and the Lord's prayer (the Our Father) written on it. The paper was usually protected by a thin slice of animal horn. Discipline in Tudor schools was savage. T	Barbara's Creative Accomplishments - Available Challenges JUMPERS: The Year You Were Born challenge (showing 1-39 of 39) ❇ Rocking Pneumonia & the Boogie Woogie Flu Level II: Scavenger Hunt 1. Cost of Living - Average cost of new house $12,220; average monthly rent $90; average yearly wages $4.550; a gallon of Gas 24 cents ; and a HI FI portable record player $79.95. Read a book that you got cheaper than expected (free, on sale, etc) OR book with a time travel theme. 2. 1957 saw the continued growth of bigger, taller tail fins on new cars and more lights with bigger and more powerful engines. Toyota starts selling cars in the US, the first is the Toyopet Crown and an average car sold for $2,749. Read a book with a car on the cover, a book with "crown" in the title OR a book set in Japan. 3. In the U.S., portable radar devices used to enforce speed limits. Read a book with a character in law enforcement; a book with "speed" in the title OR a book with the letters R-A-D-A-R in the title (any order). 4. On October 4th, the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1. The Soviet Union also launches Sputnik 2 and the first animal to enter space is a dog named Laika. Read a book set in space, a book with a space pirate OR a book with a dog on the cover. 5. Television - Television showed Perry Mason and Maverick for the first time and American Bandstand, the teenagers chart music show makes its network debut on ABC. Leave It to Beaver premieres on CBS, ushering in an era of television shows that depict the ideal American. Read a book where someone watches television, a book where the hero or heroine have a happy home life OR a mystery or western novel. 6. Independence - Malaya gains independence from Britain. Singapore gains self rule from the United Kingdom. Ghana gains independence from Great Britain. Read a book where the characters fight for independence, a book starting with "I" OR a book set in any of the listed countries. 7. Diseases - Asian avian influenza pandemic begins in China and the world-wide death toll reaches 1 million. Foot and Mouth in England reaches epidemic proportions with 30,000 animals slaughtered. Read a post-apocalyptic book that was caused by a disease, a book with an animal on the cover OR a book where a disease/epidemic happens. 8. On October 10th in the UK, the graphite core of the nuclear reactor at Windscale, Cumbria, catches fire, releasing substantial amounts of radioactive contamination into the surrounding area. Read a book with fire on the cover or in the title OR a book set in England. 9. In Vietnam, Viet Cong guerrillas begin a terrorist bombing campaign and assassinate more than 400 South Vietnamese officials in Saigon. Read a book set during the Vietnam War, a book with a mention of gorillas (or monkeys) OR a book with a terrorist theme. 10. The Treaty of Rome, officially the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (TEEC), was an international agreement that led to the founding of the European Economic Community (EEC) on January 1, 1958. The TEEC proposed the progressive reduction of customs duties and the establishment of a customs union. It was signed on March 25, 1957 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. Read a book set in one of these countries, a book where something happens that has world-wide consequences OR a book originally published in 1957. 11. 1957 was the peak of the Baby Boomer years. Most other allied countries followed similar routes creating an environment where couples felt the confidence to set up homes and new families, the increased numbers of children helped to fuel the economic growth with even more consumer demand. Read a book where family plays an important role, a book with the letters B-A-B-Y in the title (any order) OR a book where the hero or heroine has a child. 12. Martin Luther King Jr heads a nationwide resistance to racial segregation and discrimination in the US. Read a book with an African American main character, a book where racial tensions are part of the plot OR a boo	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,118	In which town is the University of Surrey based?	University of Surrey World University Rankings \| THE Working here Wonderful things happen here The University of Surrey is one of the UK’s top professional, scientific and technological universities. Named as The Times and Sunday Times University of the Year 2016, Surrey has a world-class profile and a leading reputation in teaching and research. Since 2000, our estate has been transformed through a £400 million building development and improvement programme – including £130 million on student accommodation , £36 million on Surrey Sports Park , £16 million on the new Library and Learning Centre and £4.5 million on the Ivy Arts Centre. The University of Surrey is a research-led institution pursuing learning, scholarship and research, and advancing and disseminating knowledge. The University is committed to working closely with its students, business, government and civil society to transition knowledge to the benefit of humanity. Campus and location The University of Surrey’s beautiful campus offers students the best of both worlds. Our safe, self-contained student community is just ten minutes’ walk from Guildford town centre, named the eighth best place to live in the UK in the Halifax Quality of Life Survey 2015. It takes just 34 minutes to reach London from Guildford station. Whether heading up for a show, a sightseeing tour, a night on the town or a spur-of-the-moment day trip, Guildford is an ideal base for exploring the city. See what our students think of our campus and take a look around . Rankings In recent years, Surrey has established itself as a top-ten university in major national university league table rankings . Employability We’re proud of our excellent track record for graduate employability . Our Careers Service is available to all Surrey students. Our experts can advise on graduate jobs, further study, graduate schemes and internships. Global Opportunities Internationalisation permeates all that we do at Surrey, contributing significantly to our mission to solve global challenges, lead research and innovation, and fuel generations of students with a spirit of curiosity and a desire to improve the world we live in. We encourage students to take advantage of our international connections and explore the world International Support With students from over 120 different countries, we’re proud to be one of the most culturally-diverse universities in the UK. Specialist staff in our International Office are here to help your throughout the application process – from advising on choosing the right course to applying for a visa and preparing for your first few weeks at Surrey. Research University of Surrey research is addressing this century’s most pressing challenges, fuelling students with a spirit of curiosity and drive to improve the world. In the 2014 Research Exercise Framework (REF), 98 per cent of our research outputs were rated to be world-leading, internationally excellent or internationally recognised in terms of originality, significance and rigour. Facilities Surrey won the award for Best University Facilities at the WhatUni Student Choice Awards 2015. We have invested heavily into our facilities including £36 million into our Sports Park and £16 million into the new Library and Learning Centre. Surrey Sports Park is one of Europe’s leading sports venues and the home of Team Surrey. Whether you’re a complete beginner or an established player, you’ll be welcomed into our friendly sporting community.	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 22nd Feb–Cup/Plate Semi Finals 22nd Feb–Cup/Plate Semi Finals Questions set by Plough Horntails and the Dolphin 1. How many hoops are used in the standard game of Croquet? A, 6. 2. Which African kingdom was known as Basutoland before it gained independence in 1966? A. Lesotho. 3. The work "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures" is the textbook of which religious movement founded in 1879? A. Christian Science. 4. What is the fruit of the Blackthorn called? A. The Sloe. 5. How many countries sit on the full United Nations Security Council? A. 15. 6. According to the book of Genesis, which land lay to the "east of Eden"? A. The Land of Nod. 7. What is the name of the southernmost point of Africa? A. Cape Agulhas (note: The Cape of Good Hope is just south of Cape Town and is NOT correct). 8. Responding to a pressing issue in year 1095, what appeal did Pope Urban II make to Kings, Nobles and Knights in a sermon at the Council of Clermont? A. Please help to regain the Holy Lands… the First Crusade. (Accept any answer relating to freeing Jerusalem from Moslems/ Mohammadens / Turks/ Saracens) 9. Who holds the post of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union? A. Baroness Ashton (Accept Catherine Ashton). 10. Which city was awarded the 1944 Summer Olympic Games? A. London. 11. In which country did the Maoist organization the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) operate? A. Peru. 12. Which major city’s name translates into English as Fragrant Harbour? A. Hong Kong. 13. In which country was the Granny Smith apple first grown? A. Australia (in 1868) 15. Who was the architect of Coventry Cathedral? A. Basil Spence. 16. Who opened an historic address to his people with the following, “In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, I send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if I were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.” A. King George VI (as taken from the King’s Speech) 17. Which car company makes the Alhambra model? A. Seat. 18. Which car company makes a model called the Sirion? A. Diahatsu 19. What is the Nationality of Stefaan Engels who set a World record on Saturday 5th February in Barcelona by completing a marathon every day for a year, a total of 9,569 miles? A. Belgian. 20. Who wrote Memoirs of a Fox-hunting Man and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, as well as collections of poetry? A. Siegfried Sassoon. 21. Approximately what percentage of the planet’s surface is covered by Tropical rainforests? A. 2% (but they are home to more than 50% species on Earth). Accept any figure less than 5%. 22. What is the name of the point on the Celestial sphere directly below an observer or a given position? A. Nadir. (Note this is the opposite of zenith). 23. What is the term, of French origin, loosely translated 'into mouth', for using facial muscles and shaping the lips for the mouthpiece to play a woodwind or brass musical instrument? A. Embouchure (origin, em = into, bouche = mouth) also accept embrasure. 24. In his 2011 memoir, ‘Known and Unknown’, which US ex-politician tries to deflect blame onto others including Colin Powell and Condoleeza Rice, for Iraq War mistakes? A. Donald Rumsfeld. (The book title alludes to Rumsfeld's famous statement: "There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know..." The statement was made by Rumsfeld on February 12, 2002 at a press briefing addressing the absence of evidence linking the Iraq government with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups.) 25. How many vertices (corners) has a regular dodecahedron (a dodecahedron is a 3D form with 12 faces)? A. 20. 26. The Salmon River in Idaho, USA is known by what nickname, It is also the name of a 1954 film, whose title soundtrack was recorded by each of it	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,119	The wool of a Shahtoosh shawl comes from which endangered animal?	Cashmere Shawls of Uncompromising Quality - Sunrise Pashmina What's a shawl? In recent decades, pashmina has become known internationally as a term applied to the wool, and products made from the wool, that is derived from the undercoat of the "Cashmere goat," any of various breeds sometimes referred to as Capra hircus laniger (wool-bearing domestic goat). These breeds are raised primarily at high elevations in Central Asia, particularly Mongolia. Due to the ongoing war in Kashmir, and with the die-off of goat herds in Ladakh due to blizzards, China has been able to dominate pashmina production in past couple of decades. There is a lot of misinformation (or disinformation) about pashmina online. This may be due to the lack of scientific research, and/or to the fact that most production is in out-of-the-way places that are never visited by the staff of pashmina shawl manufacturers or exporters. Claims made about the relative fineness of cashmere and pashmina are false. Claims made that pashmina (or, alternatively, the best pashmina) comes only from the throat and belly of the goat are also false. Shahtoosh (Persian for "King fabric") is a term used for a fiber and fabric derived from the undercoat of an endangered Tibetan antelope, the chiru, and is illegal in most Western countries, but easily obtainable in India. It is much more expensive than pashmina. And did we mention that it is illegal? 20 Myths about pashmina Myth #1: Pashmina is different from, and better than, cashmere. Briefly, pashmina is cashmere, which is the fiber or fabric woven from fiber deriving from the undercoat of certain high-elevation (and therefore long-haired) breeds of domestic goat. Myth #2: Pashmina is produced only by a special goat known as Capra hircus. Capra hircus is just the scientific name for domesticated goats in general. The caprids are those animals belonging to the goat and antelope genus. Wiktionary gives three meanings for hircus: 1) a buck, male goat; 2) (by extension) the rank smell of the armpits; 3) (figuratively) a filthy person. Cashmere goat breeds have been referred to as Capra hircus laniger (laniger means wool-bearing), but this is not an accepted scientific grouping. Myth #3: Pashmina is produced only in the high Himalayas. There are many goat breeds with fine undercoats, and they are raised in China, Mongolia, Australia, the United States, India (particularly Ladakh), and elsewhere. The huge preponderance of cashmere yarn fabric now comes from China. Myth #4: Pashmina wool is plucked only from the undercoat of the throat and chest of the animal. Just not true. The undercoat extends around the whole animal, more or less, and none of it is intentionally wasted. Myth #5: Real pashmina is produced only in Kashmir. Kashmir (in India) has prevailed in an epic trade dispute with the result that the word "pashmina" is considered to belong to Kashmiri cashmere producers. Nepal had to settle for "chyangra pashmina," which means "goat cashmere." Potato, potahto. Myth #6: A fullsize pashmina is too big for a petite woman. Pashmina shawls are customarily quite large. The usual fullsize is 95 X 203 cm (36" x 80"). But even Asian women, who are typically rather small, wear fullsize shawls quite comfortably; because of the light weight of the fabric, the shawls can easily be folded lengthwise and/or widthwise, so that the generous dimensions are never a liability. What we call "medium-size" is not much smaller: the same length, and only 20 cm (8") narrower. Myth #7: In pashmina, more plies is better. Threads can be twisted together to make thicker threads, which can then producer thicker fabrics. On the other hand, there is no need to twist threads together, when the individual thread can be made any desired thickness. Furthermore, fabrics can be made more dense by packing the threads closer together (i.e., using four paddles instead of two). These days very few shawl producers in Kathmandu are using true double-ply yarn. In fact, multiple-ply yarn is now used almost exclusively for knitted goods. One further remark: in pashmina	Free Flashcards about GK 9 Which science-fiction writer coined the term "cyberspace"? William Gibson What is a male swan known as? Cob What is a female swan known as? Pen Which giant screen film projection system, which gives an enhanced visual impact, has its origins in Montreal's Expo 67? IMAX Which actress was born Lucille Fay LeSueur in San Antonio, Texas, in 1908? Joan Crawford Which military leader poisoned himself in Bithynia in Asia Minor in around 182BCE? Hannibal What is the branch of astronomy that is concerned solely with the moon called? Selenology The mouflon, native to Corsica and Sardinia, is a small, wild form of which animal? Sheep Which religion, founded in 3rdC CE Persia, at its 3rd-7thC height one of the world's biggest, taught an elaborate dualistic cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness? Manichaeism The Loyalty Islands in the Pacific are part of which territory? New Caledonia Which orchestral march by William Walton was first performed at the coronation of King George VI, and was used as the recessional music at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in 2011? Crown Imperial What was the real name of 'Dr Seuss'? Theodore Geisel The sixth labour of Hercules involved defeating what sort of creatures who were destroying the countryside around Lake Stymphalia? Birds The address of which constituent college of the University of London is: Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE? London School of Economics Extending from 500 to 10,000 kilometres above the earth’s surface, what is the uppermost layer of the earth’s atmosphere called – beyond which there is only outer space? Exosphere Which species of cat, with scientific name Acinonyx jubatus, is found in much of Africa, can be known as the hunting leopard, and is unusual among cats in having claws which are not fully retractable? Cheetah At the Academy Awards held in February 2015, Ida became the first film from which nation to win the award for Best Foreign Language Film? Poland What shrub gave its name to the revolution which saw Zine El Abidine Ben Ali overthrown as President of Tunisia in 2011? Jasmine Which musical features numbers including "Gee, Officer Krupke" and "I Feel Pretty"? West Side Story What flower gave its name to the revolution which saw Askar Akayev overthrown as President of Kyrgyzstan in 2005? Tulip What name is given to the Persian language in Afghanistan? Dari How was the Amu Darya river known in Ancient times? Oxus Which mountain range divides the Amu Darya and Indus valleys? Hindu Kush Give a year in the rule of the Achaemenid Empire. 550-330BCE Which large snake-like lake monster said to live in Lake Seljord in Seljord, Telemark, Norway? Selma Which parliament is located in Karasjok, Norway? Sami parliament Which Norwegian figure skater and film star was a three-time Olympic Champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in Ladies' Singles, a ten-time World Champion (1927–1936) and a six-time European Champion (1931–1936)? Sonja Henie Johann Koss of Norway won four Winter Olympic golds at what sporting event? Speed skating Who won a total of 29 medals in the Olympics and World Championships in the period between 1991 and 1999, making him the most successful cross-country skier in history? Bjorn Daehlie Which Dutch city is the home of Rabobank? Utrecht The bulk of the Great Pyramids at Giza are constructed in which stone? Limestone Which Theban king reunited Egypt after the First Intermediate Period and started the Middle Kingdom? Mentuhotep II Which group of "foreign princes" ruled a part of Northern Egypt during the latter Middle Kingdom at the Second Intermediate Period, from their capital at Avaris? Hyksos Which Egyptian deity was god of the afterlife, the underworld and the dead? Osiris What two-word term indicated the "life-force" in Ancient Egypt that would be reunited with the soul by the process of mummification? Ka Hatshepshut was the widow of which Egyptian king who preceded her as ruler? Tuthmosis II In which century was Tutankhamun's rule of Egypt? F	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,120	Who preceded Joe Bugner as British heavyweight champion?	Joe Bugner (Heavyweight) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Show Less Born in SzÅreg, a southeastern suburb of Szeged in southern Hungary, Bugner and his family fled after the 1956 Soviet invasion and settled in Britain. … Read More Standing at with a prime weight of around, Bugner twice held the British and British Commonwealth heavyweight titles and was a three-time European heavyweight champion. He was ranked among the world's top ten heavyweights in the 1970s, fighting such opponents as Muhammad Ali, Joe Frazier, Ron Lyle, Jimmy Ellis, Manuel Ramos, Chuck Wepner, Earnie Shavers, Henry Cooper, Brian London, Mac Foster, Rudie Lubbers, Eduardo Corletti, Jurgen Blin and George Johnson. Read Less Joe and his family fled to the United Kingdom in the late 1950s because of the Soviet Union's invasion of Hungary in 1956 after the Hungarian Uprising of that year. … Read More They settled in the Cambridgeshire town of St Ives near the Fens, and so, as local custom dictated, he was known as a Fen Tiger. Read Less TEENAGE 1964 14 Years Old At school Bugner excelled in sports and was the national junior discus champion in 1964. … Read More He lived and trained in Bedford during his early boxing years; he was a regular at Bedford Boys Club under the training of Paul King and attended Goldington Road School in Bedford. Read Less Show Less Bugner had a short amateur career, fighting sixteen times and winning thirteen bouts. He turned professional in 1967 (at the unusually young age of seventeen) on the advice of his then trainer and friend Andy Smith. … Read More Smith was unhappy with the choice of Bugner's opponents and believed that he could better control the quality of his opponents if Bugner turned professional. Read Less He had a losing debut against Paul Brown on 20 December 1967 at the London Hilton, where he suffered a TKO in the third round. 1968 18 Years Old Showing gritty determination, after his debut the teenage Bugner went on to win a remarkable 18 consecutive fights in under two years during 1968 and 1969 (including 13 stoppage victories) before narrowly losing to the older and vastly more experienced Dick Hall. … Read More He bounced back and rounded off the 1960s with three further stoppage victories. Read Less TWENTIES 1970 20 Years Old In 1970 Bugner emerged internationally as an outstanding young prospect, and by the end of the year he was world-rated. … Read More He won nine consecutive bouts that year, including victories over well-known boxers such as Chuck Wepner, Manuel Ramos, Johnny Prescott, Brian London, Ray Patterson, Eduardo Corletti, Miguel Angel Paez, Alberto Lovell, Charley Polite and George Johnson.<br /><br /> Bugner was now positioned to challenge world-rated Englishman Henry Cooper, who had nearly knocked out Muhammad Ali a few years previously, for Cooper's British, British Commonwealth and European titles. However, because Bugner was still too young to fight for the British Commonwealth title (the minimum age was twenty-one years old at the time), this much anticipated bout had to be postponed until the next year. Read Less Show Less He fought for the world heavyweight championship in 1975, losing on points in a second bout with Ali. … Read More Bugner retired from boxing in 1976, but over the next two decades he made sporadic comebacks with varying success. He moved to Australia in 1986, adopting the nickname "Aussie Joe", beating fighters such as Greg Page, David Bey, Anders Eklund and James Tillis before retiring again after a TKO loss to Frank Bruno in 1987. Read Less Bugner challenged Muhammad Ali for the world championship in June 1975, the bout being held in Kuala Lumpur, with Ali winning a relatively one-sided fifteen-round decision. … Read More Bugner performed fairly well, but maintained a strictly defensive posture throughout most of this fight, perhaps due to the blistering tropical heat, and as a result he was widely scorned by the media and public. In an interview during an April 2008 reunion with Henry Cooper, Bugner defended his tactics in the Ali fight as having been necessary du	Sir Henry Cooper obituary \| Sport \| The Guardian Sir Henry Cooper obituary British heavyweight boxing champion known for his warmth, indomitable spirit and a left hook dubbed 'Enry's 'Ammer Muhammad Ali and Henry Cooper before their world heavyweight title fight in London. Photograph: Aubrey Hart/Getty Images Sunday 1 May 2011 17.31 EDT First published on Sunday 1 May 2011 17.31 EDT Share on Messenger Close Sir Henry Cooper , beloved of British postwar generations as no heavyweight boxer before him, has died aged 76. His warmth and indomitable personality, together with his rise from humble roots, gave him a popularity far beyond his sport's normal boundaries. He was never world champion, but his good spirits seemed to hold a gift for everyone, even for his most notable conqueror, Muhammad Ali. At Wembley stadium, on 18 June 1963, Cooper landed Ali, then known as Cassius Clay, on his pants with a punch that made boxing history – a left hook travelling five and a half inches at 30mph with 60 times the force of gravity, striking the side of the American's jaw. The world came to know it as 'Enry's 'Ammer, and it felled Ali as never before. However, in front of 55,000 people, Ali was "saved by the bell" amid unique controversy. Ali, then 21, had fought only one major figure, the ageing Archie Moore, before his arrival in London to meet Cooper, the experienced 29-year-old British and Commonwealth heavyweight champion, over 10 rounds. With a multimillion-dollar syndicate behind Ali's world championship ambition, and Cooper in his prime, it was a fight attracting worldwide interest. Already, the Kentucky fighter's braggadocio ("I am the prettiest ... I am the greatest") had brought him the title of the Louisville Lip. But, after Cooper's hammer blow, Ali's corner were up to various tricks before the Englishman fell victim to a cut eye in the fifth round. In later years, Ali's trainer, Angelo Dundee, admitted tweaking the loose stitching of his fighter's right glove so that the formal minute interval was stretched by six seconds before a replacement was found. His use of smelling salts also defied the rules. "For a fit man," Cooper said later, "seconds are a lifetime. When you are really trained up, you need only 20 seconds and you are back to your old self." Ali's long reach and quickness posed Cooper, himself the lightest of heavyweights, 13st 13lb at his heaviest, some early problems. "For my money, he was the fastest heavyweight of all time, and a stone and a half heavier than me," Cooper acknowledged. "There was never a still target in front of you. He wasn't a counter-puncher, nothing to compare with Floyd Patterson . Nor a puncher like Rocky Marciano. It was a flicker with the left, or a long-arm right that could drag and tear your skin." Ali caught Cooper with a typical blow in the third round. Jim Wicks, Cooper's manager, known as "The Bishop" and always protective of his man, was all for ending the fight as the blood flowed down his fighter's cheek. Cooper, in the corner interval, pleaded for one more round as his "cuts" man, Danny Holland, applied an adrenalin-Vaseline compound. In Cooper's view, he could still take his man – and he very nearly did. The 'Ammer smacked into Ali's chin as he backed into the ropes, the American's speed for once not saving him. Ali slid down the ropes, the slowness helping him. The referee, Tommy Little, reached a count of five, then Ali rose, in Cooper's view like an amateur, his arms dangling, an open target. But the bell rang, and boxing history took another turn. "Oh boy!" was Cooper's autobiographical note. "If it had only happened in the second minute." As it was, Ali took the world title in his next fight, against Sonny Liston. Cooper was to meet Ali – by then, his name had been formally changed after his conversion to Islam – for a world title fight at Arsenal's Highbury stadium, London, on 21 May 1966. Again the fight had to be stopped for a cut eye, this time in the sixth round. The gash was deeper and longer than any of Cooper's career. The Englishman reckoned himself narrowly	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,121	Who was the first National Hunt jockey to ride more than 3000 winners?	Winning Most NH Jockey Stats Winning Most NH Jockey Stats Mon, Apr 2nd, 2012 We have been tracking National Hunt jockeys as they reach new milestones and have updated our winning most National Hunt jockey table to include wins in the UK and Ireland up to 2 April 2012: 719 Ruby Walsh became only the third National Hunt jockey to ride 2000 winners in the UK & Ireland when Balding Banker won the Betfred Goals Galore Maiden Hurdle at Uttoxeter on Saturday 31st March 2012. We expected that the achievement would have got more coverage in the main stream press but didnt expect that it would be overlooked by the man himself ! See our twitter exchange below ! We had asked Ruby how many winners he had in France so we could count back to his 2000th career win. Counting backwards we now calculate that Ruby Walsh's 2000th career win came on Quevega on the opening day of the 2012 Cheltenham Festival. Graham Lee announced his intention to switch to the flat and his 1000th winner under rules was flagged up in January. Our stats have him on 998 in the UK & Ireland under National Hunt rules so we hope there might be another few bumper wins in him ! Tony McCoy and Richard Johnson remain the top two by some distance in overall wins and occupy their usual positions in the race for the UK 2011-12 jockey's title. Jason Maguire though has been banging in the winners and now trails Richard Johnson by just six this season. Davy Russell continues to stay in front in the race for the Irish title and has a lead of fifteen over Ruby Walsh going into the last month of the season. Russell must be hopeful of securing an elusive first champion jockey title.	United Kingdom Horse Racing Greats \| Race Horses \| HorseRacing.co.uk Want your site listed here? Contact Us . United Kingdom Horse Racing Greats Horse racing is one of the few sports which has difficulty identifying the true 'sporting hero'. Trainers, jockeys and horses jostle to be praised for their performances, their skill and the transformations they have achieved. While there is prize money for owners, trainer and jockeys, there are not many ways of congratulating a horse to a win. This side takes a moment to acknowledge the true heroes of equestrian sports - the horses themselves. Famous Flat Race Horses Yeats Foaled in 2001, Yeats is one of the living legends in British flat racing. The Irish-born and trained bay stallion is the only horse to win the Ascot Gold Cup , one of Britain's most prestigious races, four years in a row. In 2006 Yeats embarked on a winning rampage not even the most experienced opponents could stop. He defeated his Ascot crown in 2007,2008 and 2009; making the 2010 Ascot Gold Cup one of the most anticipated races of all time, with a whole nation holding its breath to see if the miracle thoroughbred can top his success with a fifth consecutive win. Nijinsky Although Nijinski was born in Canada, he was shipped to Ireland for training at such an early age that the British racing public happily accepted him as one of their own. Seemingly intent on making his name from the very start, Nijinsky began to built his reputation as a splendid race horse from an early age; and succeeded in becoming the champion two-year-old of both England and Ireland in 1969. The next year, as soon as he had reached racing maturity, Nijinski proceeded to win the 2,000 Guineas Stakes at the Epsom Derby and the Irish Derby . Off to a flying start he continued his winning streak, taking first place at the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, and the Doncaster St. Leger Stakes - which made him the first horse in 35 years to complete a winning English Triple Crown. Nijinsky has been the subject of a documentary narrated by Orson Wells, and was voted 'Horse of the Millennium' posthumously in a 2000 poll of The Sun. Brown Jack Initially, Brow Jack (1924-1948) began his career in jump racing, premiering as a four-year-old in 1928 by winning seven of his ten starts, among them the Cheltenham Champions' Hurdle. Despite his obvious prowess on the jump track, Brown Jack's owner, Sir Harold Wernher, decided to try his charge in the more lucrative flat races. In the same year of his hurdling victories, Brown Jack won the Ascot Stakes on the flat. He then set a record winning the Queen Alexandra Stakes for six consecutive years (1929-1934). 1930 saw Brown Jack racing to victory at the Goodwood Cup and the Doncaster Cup; 1931 he was the first across the line in the Ebor Handicap and the Chester Cup, and also took home the Rosebery Memorial Plate. To salute his stellar career, a bronze statue of Brown Jack was erected at Ascot where it can still be seen today. Famous National Hunt Race Horses Best Mate Born in 1995 and a frequently sick and weakened foal, Best Mate went on to become one of the most revered horses in UK jump racing history. He achieved three consecutive wins at the Cheltenham Gold Cup from 2002 to 2004; matching the thus far unbeaten record of Arkle. Although he started in a comparably small number of 22 races during his career, Best Mate put his best foot forward every time; never finishing worse than second. With 14 wins and seven second places, it was a shock when Best Mate collapsed and died on site at Exeter Race Course on 1st November 2005, after being pulled out of his 22nd race by his jockey Paul Carberry. His ashes were buried beside the winning post at Cheltenham Racecourse. Arkle Until Best Mate came along Arkle was the last horse to have won three consecutive Cheltenham Gold Cups (1964, 1965, 1966). This Irish Thoroughbred was the first horse in British racing history to be recognised and talked about outside 'racing circles' - meaning that anyone who read the paper or listened to the radio knew of th	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,122	Peter Schmeichel joined Manchester United, from which football club?	Club: Former players / edit. Peter Schmeichel. Biography Peter Bolesław Schmeichel is a retired footballer from Denmark. He was born in 1963 and began to play football at the local club Høje-Gladsaxe. Then he joined the youth system Hero, which then became Gladsaxe-Hero, and after graduating he was promoted to the first team. Between 1984 and 1987 he stayed with Hvidovre and then gave a start to his professional playing career joining Brøndby. There he played until 1991 and throughout that period Brøndby was thrice crowned Danish champion in 1987, 1988 and 1990. In 1989 they won Danish Cup and in 1991 they won Danish Superliga. He had a prolific period with the club and the IFFHS named Schmeichel the World’s Best Goalkeeper in 1991. After that he moved to Manchester United for a fee of £505,000. Peter Schmeichel spent eight years with Manchester United and helped his side to win Premier League titles in 1992/93, 1993/94, 1995/96, 1996/97 and 1998/99. They won three FA Cup trophies, in 1991/92 they were Football League Cup winners. In 1991 Manchester United won UEFA Super Cup and in 1998/99 they claimed UEFA Champions League victory. Schmeichel proved himself one of United’s best keepers. At the age of 36 he left England and signed for Sporting CP after the end of the 1998/99 season. There he played until the summer of 2001 and then had a season at Aston Villa, after which he played for Manchester City the last year of his playing career. Schmeichel retired in 2002 and has worked on TV, being a pundit for the BBC, hosted live matches on the Danish TV channel, he was the host of Dirty Jobs on Discovery and had other activities. Between 1987 and 2001 the son of Polish father and Danish mother earned 129 caps for the Denmark national team. Found a mistake? Highlight it with mouse and press CTRL + Enter. Thank you!	100 caps: England's centurions \| Football \| The Guardian 100 caps: England's centurions Wednesday 26 March 2008 20.05 EDT First published on Wednesday 26 March 2008 20.05 EDT This article is 8 years old Billy Wright 105 caps v Scotland, April 11 1959 England 1 Scotland 0 (Wembley Stadium) The first player to reach the milestone did so in in a Home Championship match against Scotland. Wright's defensive qualities were not severely tested in a game England dominated and would have won by more but for some inspired goalkeeping from Bill Brown. Fittingly the winner came from Bobby Charlton, the next England player to join the 100 club. At the end Wright was given a standing ovation and carried off the pitch by his team-mates Bobby Charlton 106 caps v Northern Ireland, April 21 1970 England 3 N Ireland 1 (Wembley Stadium) The Manchester United player was given the honour of captaining England before a full house of 100,000 and he capped a typically imperious midfield display with a goal, sliding in to beat Pat Jennings at the far post. His United team-mate George Best scored a fine individual goal for the visitors but Martin Peters and Geoff Hurst ensured an England victory as they prepared to go to Mexico to defend the Jules Rimet trophy Bobby Moore 108 caps v Scotland, February 14 1973 Scotland 0 England 5 (Hampden Park) England's World Cup-winning captain enjoyed one of the easiest nights of his international career in this friendly at the start of a year that turned sour for him against Poland in Chorzow that June. Moore, Martin Peters and Alan Ball were the only survivors from the boys of '66 but it was the new guard who did the damage in this Valentine's Day mauling with Allan Clarke (2), Martin Chivers, Mick Channon and an own-goal making up the goal total Peter Shilton 125 caps v Holland, June 15 1988 England 1 Holland 3 (Rheinstadion) This turned out to be an afternoon to forget for Shilton although he bore little responsibility for the Marco van Basten hat-trick that sent England crashing out of the 1988 European Championship in their second group game after they had lost their opening match to the Republic of Ireland. England's manager, Bobby Robson, dropped Shilton for the final group game but the goalkeeper remained No1 and played a key role in the 1990 World Cup in Italy	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,123	The city of Cleveland in the USA stands on which of the Great Lakes?	Cleveland, OH (CLE) \| Great American Stations PlayhouseSquare The Lake Shore Limited and Capitol Limited both glide along the shore of Lake Erie before making their early morning stops at Cleveland’s Lakefront Station north of downtown. From 1971-1972, Amtrak served Cleveland Union Terminal on Public Square in downtown Cleveland. Due to the large size of the facility and the requirement for operators to switch to electric locomotives in order to access the enclosed platforms, Amtrak decided to construct a smaller station that could better accommodate passengers and serve its needs. The new depot opened in 1977 and today sits in good company among waterfront attractions such as the Cleveland Browns Stadium, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, and the Great Lakes Science Center. Lakefront Station is a one-story reddish-brown structure constructed of concrete masonry units. A large and prominent porte-cochère protects passengers arriving by car from rain and snow and allows them to pull right up to the entrance. Typical of 1970s design aesthetics, the trussed support system of the porte-cochère is exposed for all to see. Whereas pre-Modern architects would have hidden this portion of the structure, many Modernists celebrated the functional aspects of their buildings. These architects wanted people who were interacting with their structures to understand how they were assembled, and thus essential components of systems like heating and air-conditioning, water, and electrical were left showing. From the porte-cochère, a covered walkway wraps around the corner to the trackside façade and eventually leads to both the Amtrak and local light rail platforms. Trimmed in a vibrant, deep blue, the covered walkway provides a welcome contrast to the subdued tones of the brown walls. The materials used on the exterior continue into the interior. As sunlight streams down through a central skylight, it hits the exposed trusses that support the roof and throws interesting patterns onto the brown brick floor, which is laid in a basket weave pattern. Exposed ductwork snakes its way through the trusses as do the light fixtures. Since all the ceiling elements are painted white, they tend to recede and produce a sense of airiness which is further enhanced by the floor-to-ceiling windows. Banks of seats are located close to public telephones and a vending area. As one of the premier ports on the Great Lakes and one of Ohio’s largest cities, over the years Cleveland has supported a handful of stations served by numerous rail lines. It also boasted dozens of other railroad-related structures such as freight houses, round houses, crew quarters, and repair shops, most of which are now gone as technology changed and railroad mergers resulted in redundant properties. Located where the Cuyahoga River empties its waters into Lake Erie, Cleveland was founded in 1796 and named for General Moses Cleaveland. Before Ohio existed, the land south of Lake Erie—referred to as the “Western Reserve”—belonged to Connecticut, as many of the original thirteen colonies theoretically spanned the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Cleaveland was a shareholder in the Connecticut Land Company which had formed in the late eighteenth century to promote settlement in the Western Reserve. He was appointed by the other stockholders to supervise the surveying of the land, a necessary step in its settlement. The capital city of the Western Reserve was placed at the site of Cleveland and the surveyors named it after their leader. The general laid out the basic street plan which included the ten acre Public Square modeled after New England town greens. Once surveying was complete, Cleaveland went back to Connecticut and never returned to the Northwest Territories. Early settlers developed the harbor to take advantage of Great Lakes trade. Canal building fever excited the new nation in the 1820s and 1830s, and Ohio was not to be left out. By 1827, the Ohio and Erie Canal connected Cleveland with Akron forty miles to the southeast and eventually was comp	1511st (2) by Mike Hall (page 23) - issuu issuu IN THE KNOW INTERACTIVE Trivia Quiz If you think you’ve got what it takes to beat our monthly brain buster, take our quiz and prove your intellectual talents! 1 What code name was given to Nazi Germany's plan to invade Britain during the Second World War? 11 12 Which country only switched to the modern Gregorian Calendar on January 1, 1927? Olibanum is the Medieval Latin alternative English word for which Biblical aromatic resin? The splanchnocranium refers to the bones of which defining part of the human body? 13 Which city, mythically founded by a twin saved by a shewolf, was built on the seven hills, east of the River Tiber called Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Palatine, Quirinal and Viminal? 3 Used to measure the height of horses, how many inches are there in one hand? 14 On which Mediterranean island is the famous nightlife holiday resort of Magaluf? 4 5 Apiphobia is the fear of what creatures? What are metal rope-fixings on a boat and cyclist's shoes? Occurring twice yearly, what name is given to a day consisting of twelve hours of daylight and twelve hours of darkness? 6 Which country is the natural habitat of the emu? 16 How many times does the second-hand of a clockwork clock 'tick' (move) while the hour hand completes one full rotation? 7 8 17 What's the common technical term for the removal of a president from office, due to wrongdoing? How many hurdles are there in a 400 metres hurdles race? 18 Which famous corporate logo changed to a flat colour/colour sans serif font in its first major change since 1999? K'ung Futse (Venerated Master Kong) is better known as which major philosopher and religious founder? 9 19 Japan's NTT DoCoMo mobile phone company developed which texting icon 'pictograph' series, Japanese for 'picture' and 'character'? 20 The flags of China, Japan, Argentina, Uruguay, Greenland and Bangladesh share what common feature? 1. Operation Sea Lion. 2. Turkey. 3. Four. 4. Bees. 5. Equinox. 6. Australia. 7. Ten. 8. Google. 9. Emoji. 10. Geronimo. 11. Frankincense. 12. Face. 13. Rome. 14. Majorca. 15. Cleats. 16. 43,200 (12 hours x 60 minutes x 60 second 'ticks'). 17. Impeachment. 18. Confucius. 19. Mexico City. 20. Sun. Answers: 10 What Native American Apache Indian chief 's name became an exclamation of exhilaration? What's the largest capital city without a river, and also the oldest capital of its continent? November15 TalkMagazine	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,124	What type of weather condition is a harmattan?	The Impact Of The Harmattan Weather On Aviation Operations In Ghana Opinion/Feature \| 8 December 2015 11:02 CET The Impact Of The Harmattan Weather On Aviation Operations In Ghana By Okatakyie Kwasi Adjekum Previous \| Next Aviation, probably more than any other mode of transportation, is greatly affected by weather. From thunderstorms to reduced visibility due to hazy conditions, every phase of flight has the potential to be impacted by weather. Commercial aviation in the West Africa, must deal with these adverse types of weather regularly, and the cost is a significant budget item. One of the perennial weather phenomena that have adverse impact on flight is the hazy condition known as Harmattan. The Harmattan is a cold-dry and dusty trade wind, blowing over the West African subcontinent. This northeasterly wind blows from the Sahara Desert into the Gulf of Guinea between the end of November and the middle of March. The Harmattan blows during the dry season, when the subtropical ridge of high pressure stays over the central Sahara Desert and when the low-pressure Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) stays over the Gulf of Guinea. The low visibility condition brought about by the Harmattan, poses a significant safety hazard as pilots have to stretch their skills and proficiency to land in such conditions. Ghana has a relatively fledgling domestic aviation market, which is constrained by high tariffs, high fuel cost, relatively low load factor and limited routes. A typical domestic operator’s Direct Operational Cost (DOC) per flight can range between $2500 for a regional jet type aircraft with seating capacity of 50-70 passengers to Kumasi and $3000 for a similar flight to Tamale. Direct costs due to weather on airline operations can be separated into several categories: diversion, cancellation and delay. The direct costs sometimes are eclipsed by the cost of rub-off factors. The costs listed are from a variety of areas, some fixed and then others not: fuel, crew time, aircraft operating costs, lost passenger and cargo revenue, ground-based employee overtime pay. In 2014, there were 4,072 domestic flights to Tamale and 8070 flights to Kumasi. The highest domestic movements were in April (Tamale: 388 and Kumasi: 860). The lowest movements were in November/December (292 flights to Tamale and 560 flights to Kumasi). Even though there may be other variables, obviously the effect of weather may have a significant impact on these reductions and the economic effects on domestic operators cannot be downplayed (GCAA, 2015). Though the costs associated with delays and cancellations vary, airlines taking such actions risk eroding passenger goodwill and that results in lost future revenue. The impact goes beyond just the lost revenue from ticket sales. The list includes added costs for rescheduling crews, including transportation and hotel costs. Even if the plane doesn't take off, the airline still incurs maintenance cost to get it ready and stock it with food. Ticket agents still show up for work to deal with stranded passengers at the gate. Even though an argument could be made that airlines save on fuel and landing fees from flights that never took off, there are still issues with crew that were on standby, rescheduling of passengers, and repositioning of aircraft. Ground crews still need to shuffle schedules and try to get planes back where they were headed before the cancellation. Those costs can range from about $2,700 an hour for a carrier operating a regional jet according to masFlight Consultancy and cumulatively lead to loss of millions of dollars in a market where profit margins are rare. The severe Harmattan weather adversely affect operations to Kumasi and Tamale Airports. The irony is that Tamale airport is yet to be upgraded with a precision approach system, such as an Instrument Landing System (ILS) that will provide precision guidance for pilots to land in such low visibility conditions. Recently there were pomp and pageantry during the commissioning of the rehabilitated aeronautical ground lightening system at th	2001 KO Final February, which ex-PM was awarded an earldom on his 90th birthday ? Harold Macmillan B1 A member of the House of Lords and an ex-MP, who celebrated his 100th birthday in November 1984 ? Mannie Shinwell Which government department banned trades unions causing a national outcry ? GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters) Outside which foreign government building was policewoman Yvonne Fletcher shot and fatally wounded ? Libyan People's Bureau or Libyan Embassy A3 In the course of a violent argument in April, which recording artist was shot and killed by his father ? Marvin Gaye In October, who was killed by members of her own bodyguard ? Indira Ghandi A4 In March the British government announced its approval of the sale of which shipyard on the lower Clyde to Trafalgar House ? Scott Lithgow B4 In October which bank, a bullion dealer, was rescued from debts of around ï¿½250 million by a Bank of England buy-out ? Johnson Matthey Subject: ï¿½One Word Cinemaï¿½ Answers A1 A 1992 Oscar winning Clint Eastwood film in which a former hired killer turned unsuccessful farmer returns to his old ways in pursuit of a $1,000 reward ? Unforgiven B1 A 1972 John Boorman film in which a leading character, played by Ned Beatty, is raped by a ï¿½Hillbillyï¿½ ? Deliverance A2 A 1929 film, Hitchcockï¿½s first talkie, in which a Scotland Yard Inspector is placed in a difficult position when he discovers his girlfriend has committed a murder ? Blackmail B2 Set in Rio, a 1946 Hitchcock film with Cary Grant & Ingrid Bergman in which a woman marries a Nazi renegade to help the US Government ? Notorious A3 A 1916 film by D.W. Griffith starring Lillian Gish in one of four intercut stories including Balshazzarï¿½s Feast and the St Bartholomewï¿½s Day Massacre ? Intolerance B3 A 1967 camped-up version of Faust in which a short order cook is saved from suicide by Mr Spiggott - who offers him 7 wishes in exchange for his soul ? Bedazzled A4 A 1924 Erich von Stroheim film in which an ex-miner turned dentist kills his avaricious wife and her lover ? Greed B4 Set in the mid 19th century, a 1999 film starring Guy Pearce & Robert Carlyle in which a cannibalistic officer commands an isolated army outpost ? Ravenous Answers A1 The liqueur Curaï¿½ao (say ï¿½Koor-a-sowï¿½) is traditionally flavoured with sugar & which fruit ? Orange B1 Which spirit takes its name from a place near Guadalajara (say ï¿½Gwadlaharaï¿½) where the conquistadors first developed it from a variety of Aztec drink ? Tequila A2 With a peculiar but agreeable taste, which coarse & potent liquor is made in the East Indies from a variety of sources, including fermented rice & coconut juice ? Arrack B2 Used to season food & fruit as well as alcoholic drinks, which flavouring is prepared with oil distilled from the aromatic bark of two S. American trees blended with herbs, and bears the former name of a port in Venezuela ? Angostura (now called Cuidad Bolivar) A3 Derived from a town in north east Hungary, what name is shared by a grape variety and a golden-yellow coloured, sweet, aromatic wine ? Tokay (from Tokaj) Subject: Wordgame ï¿½Noï¿½ as in ï¿½Noteï¿½ Answers ï¿½ a spout on a hose etc. from which a jet issues ? Nozzel ï¿½ a small round piece of meat or a chocolate made with hazelnuts ? Noisette ï¿½ something or someone absolutely un	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,125	Who is a former British triple jumper who held the Olympic, Commonwealth, European and World records, and has held the world record in the event since 1995?	Jonathan Edwards CBE - Speaker Profile \| Celebrity Speakers Jonathan Edwards CBE 2012 Olympic Games Ambassador, Former BBC Sports Personality of the Year Former Olympic Triple Jumper, Commonwealth, European and World Champion, he has held the world record in the event since 1995. Jonathan Edwards currently sits on the board of LOCOG as their athlete representative. He is Chair of the Sports Advisory Group, having played an important part in the success of the London 2012 bid as an Official Ambassador, and a member of the Athletes Advisory Group. He also is a Lloyds TSB London 2012 Ambassador working closely with the bank up to and beyond the London 2012 Olympic. "He had researched the audience thoroughly and his presentation was both interesting and inspirational" Adecco In detail After a career of fifteen years, and accolades including the BBC Sports Personality of the Year, Jonathan retired from competitive athletics and turned his attention to broadcasting. After a stint presenting Songs of Praise, he joined the BBC commentary team. He was awarded the MBE in 1996 and the CBE in 2001 in recognition of his achievements. What he offers you Jonathan offers a specific presentation on the 'Business of the Bid'. As an integral member of the bid team, he offers behind the scenes, information on the construction and implementation of the bid effort. Jonathan is passionate about everything the 2012 Games will do for sport in this country and he translates this in a genuine and inspiring manner. How he presents Jonathan is an accomplished, comfortable and highly experienced professional speaker. He has a relaxed and natural confidence when he presents and is well known for his eloquent, clear and intelligent style. Languages He presents in English. Want to know more? Give us a call or send us an e-mail to find out exactly what he could bring to your event. How to book Jonathan Edwards CBE? Simply phone, fax or e-mail us. Topics	What sport used the term "home run" long before baseball?Cricket Who was the f - Pastebin.com What sport used the term "home run" long before baseball?Cricket Who was the first U.S. volleyball player to win three Olympic gold medals?Karch Kiraly What was the only team to win two World Series in the 1980's?The Los Angeles Dodgers What NFL team is known as the "ain'ts" when on a losing streak?The New Orleans Saints What's an NBA player deemed to be if he's received the Maurice Podoloff Trophy?The most valuable player What Washington Capitals goalie earned the nicknames "Ace" and "Net Detective"?Jim Carey What NBA team plays home games in the Alamo dome?The San Antonio Spurs Who graciously switched to number 77 so Phil Esposito's number 7 could be retired in Boston Garden?Raymond Bourque What company's logo is called the "swoosh"?Nike's What Rd Sox catcher's erect posture earned him the clubhouse nickname "Frankenstein"?Carlton Fisk's What sport did Herve Filion top with a record of 14,084 wins?Harness racing What team hired the NFL's first professional cheerleading squad, in 1972?The Dallas Cowboys What Native American language was Super Bowl XXX the first to be broadcast in?Navajo What nickname do boxing fans call 300-pound Eric Esch, King of the Four-Rounders?Butterbean What 1995 World Series team were both picketed by the American Indian Movement?The Atlanta Braves and Cleveland Indians What diet drink was hyped by Coca-Cola for having only only calorie, in 1963?Tab What comic actor scored huge sales with his Bad Golf Made Easy instructional videos?Leslie Nielsen What country fielded 1996 Olympic women's teams that won gold in basketball, soccer and softball?The U.S What Grand Slam golf tournament has the most clubhousers sipping mint juleps?The Masters Who is the only tennis player to have won each of the four grand slam events at least four times?Steffi Graf What decade saw names first appear on the backs of NFL jerseys?The 1960's Who was able to set NFL rushing records because of his "big but" according to Chicago Bears trainer Frank Caito?Walter Payton What position must college footballers play to receive the Davey O'Brien Award?Quarterback What disorder did Muhammad Ali develop after years of catching blows?Parkinson's syndrome What are the only three European countries to have won soccer's World Cup?England, Italy, West Germany What is the common term for the tennis ailment "lateral humeral epicondylitis"?Tennis Elbow What racing competition became a best-of-nine series in 1995?The America's Cup Who was the first athlete to rap at a Pro Bowl musical gala in 1995?Deion Sanders What woman won five U.S. figure skating titles from 6 to 173, but never an Olympic gold medal?Janet Lynn Who was the first female jockey to win five races in one day at a New York track?Julie Krone What teams played in the first all-California Super Bowl?The San Francisco 49ers and the San Diego Chargers What two players are tied for second behind Ty Cobb in total career runs?Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth What Indiana Pacer did Knicks fan Spike Lee anger during the 1994 playoffs by calling him "Cheryl"?Reggie Miller What franchise has played in the most NBA finals since 1947?Lakers What two NBA players won the MVP trophy three times each from 1986 through 1992?Magic Johnson and Michael Jordan What player did the Boston Celtics draft between won-lost seasons of 29-53 and 61-21?Larry Bird What Baltic country did Portland Trail Blazer Arvydas Sabonis play for at the 1996 Olympics?Lithuania What NBA team became the first to defeat the Boston Celtics in 12 straight games, in 1995?The New York Knicks Who was the first hoopster to win eight NBA scoring titles?Michael Jordan What NBA team is known in China as "the Red Oxen"?The Chicago Bulls Who was the last Boston Celtics coach to lead the team to two straight NBA titles?Bill Russell What two NBA stars did Forbes list as the highest paid athletes for 1994?*Michael Jordan and Shaquille O'Neal What NBA coach got cosmic by penning the Zen book Sacred Hoops: Spiri	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,126	During which month of 1533 was Queen Elizabeth I of England born?	Elizabeth I (1533–1603) Elizabeth I (1533–1603) Contributed by Mary Hill Cole Elizabeth I was queen of England from 1558 to 1603, and Virginia was named in honor of her. Daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth Tudor became queen at the death of her married but childless half-sister Mary I. Elizabeth remained single, and her image as the "virgin queen" permeated the arts and politics of her reign, even as she used the possibility of marriage to shape foreign policy. Her reign saw the establishment of the Protestant Church of England in a form that has lasted for centuries. She faced a rebellion and plots in favor of her Catholic cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots, whose flight to England and claims to its throne caused Elizabeth first to imprison and then to execute her. Elizabeth oversaw her navy's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, a victory that marked a high point of English protestant and nationalistic fervor. In the 1580s, she encouraged Sir Walter Raleigh 's ventures to the New World, and even though his colonies at Roanoke failed, their brief existence enabled the English explorers to claim much of the eastern coast of North America as "Virginia." Elizabeth's love and patronage of plays, pageants, literature, and the fine arts was at the heart of the English Renaissance. Elizabeth was famous for her linguistic skills, sharp wit and temper, educated mind, frugality, and political caution. In her speeches, civic processions, and travels around the kingdom, she cultivated her popularity with her subjects. Elizabeth died in 1603 and was succeeded by her cousin James VI of Scotland. MORE... In This Entry Early Years On September 7, 1533, Elizabeth Tudor was born a disappointment to all. Her mother, Anne Boleyn, had retired to Greenwich Palace to give birth, confident in her future as the mother of England's next king. Her optimistic father, Henry VIII, had shrugged off papal authority and become Supreme Head of a national church in large part because he wanted a legitimate male heir. The Catholic supporters of Henry's popular, but now discarded, first wife, Catherine of Aragon, saw the punishing hand of God in the arrival of another royal bastard; Protestant reformers joined the royal parents in hoping that the next child would be a healthy boy who would solidify the dynasty and new Church of England. Queen Elizabeth Named for her paternal grandmother, Elizabeth spent her early years away from her parents in a separate household shared with her elder half-sister, Mary Tudor. Under the tutelage of the humanist scholar Roger Ascham, Elizabeth read philosophy and theology and learned Latin, French, Italian, and Greek, intellectual pursuits that complemented her domestic skills in embroidery, dancing, and playing the virginals (an early harpsichord). After Edward VI became king at the death of their father in 1547, she maintained cordial relations with her half-brother, whose Protestant views she shared. But during Mary's five years as England's first ruling queen, from 1553 to 1558, Elizabeth's life was often at risk. The 1554 revolt led by Sir Thomas Wyatt against Mary's Catholicism and her new Spanish husband, Philip of Spain (later King Philip II), resulted in Elizabeth's imprisonment in the Tower of London and then house arrest for her supposed participation in the plot. However, her strategies of politic silence, nominal religious conformity, convenient illnesses, and l	Queen Elizabeth I \| Britroyals Born: September 7, 1533 at Greenwich Palace Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn Relation to Elizabeth II: 1st cousin 13 times removed House of: Tudor Ascended to the throne: November 17, 1558 aged 25 years Crowned: January 15, 1559 at Westminster Abbey Married: Never Married Children: None Died: March 24, 1603 at Richmond Palace, Surrey, aged 69 years, 6 months, and 15 days Buried at: Westminster Reigned for: 44 years, 4 months, and 5 days Succeeded by: her 3rd cousin James of Scotland Queen of England (1558�1603), the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Through her Religious Settlement of 1559 she enforced the Protestant religion by law. She had Mary Queen of Scots executed in 1587. Her conflict with Roman Catholic Spain led to the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. The Elizabethan age was expansionist in commerce and geographical exploration, and arts and literature flourished. The rulers of many European states made unsuccessful bids to marry Elizabeth, and she used these bids to strengthen her power. She was succeeded by James I. Elizabeth was born at Greenwich, London on 7 September 1533. She was well educated in several languages. During her Roman Catholic half-sister Mary's (Mary I) reign, Elizabeth's Protestant sympathies brought her under suspicion, and she lived in seclusion at Hatfield, Hertfordshire, until on Mary's death she became queen. Her first task was to bring about a broad religious settlement. Many unsuccessful attempts were made by Parliament to persuade Elizabeth to marry or settle the succession. She found courtship a useful political weapon, and she maintained friendships with, among others, the courtiers Leicester, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Essex. She was known as the Virgin Queen. The arrival in England in 1568 of Mary Queen of Scots and her imprisonment by Elizabeth caused a political crisis, and a rebellion of the feudal nobility of the north followed in 1569. Friction between English and Spanish sailors hastened the breach with Spain. When the Dutch rebelled against Spanish tyranny Elizabeth secretly encouraged them; Philip II retaliated by aiding Catholic conspiracies against her. This undeclared war continued for many years, until the landing of an English army in the Netherlands in 1585 and Mary's execution in 1587, brought it into the open. Philip's Armada (the fleet sent to invade England in 1588) met with total disaster. The war with Spain continued with varying fortunes to the end of the reign, while events at home foreshadowed the conflicts of the 17th century. Among the Puritans discontent was developing with Elizabeth's religious settlement, and several were imprisoned or executed. Parliament showed a new independence, and in 1601 forced Elizabeth to retreat on the question of the crown granting manufacturing and trading monopolies. Yet her prestige remained unabated, as shown by the failure of Essex's rebellion in 1601. Queen Elizabeth I's Signature Quotes: �I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too� � Queen Elizabeth I (speech as the Spanish Armada approached) �I have already joined myself in marriage to a husband, namely the kingdom of England� � Queen Elizabeth I (on being pressed by Parliament to marry) �There is no marvel in a woman learning to speak, but there would be in teaching her to hold her tongue� � Queen Elizabeth I (on being praised for her linguistic skills by the French ambassador) �Better beggar woman and single than Queen and married� � Queen Elizabeth I (her father Henry VIII had executed her mother Anne Boleyn)� Timeline for Queen Elizabeth I Year	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,127	The River Danube empties into which body of water?	Through what countries does the Danube River flow? \| Reference.com Through what countries does the Danube River flow? A: Quick Answer The Danube River flows through Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine. Its headwaters begin with the confluence of the Brigach and Breg rivers in the town of Donaueschingen in western Germany's mountainous Black Forest region and empties into the Black Sea at the Danube Delta in western Ukraine. Full Answer The Danube River flows for a total of 1,770 miles, making it the European Union's longest river and the European continent's second longest river after the Volga. This river passes through many important cities, including four national capitals: Vienna, Austria; Bratislava, Slovakia; Budapest, Hungary; and Belgrade, Serbia. The Danube's drainage basin covers an area of 315,000 square miles and extends into several more countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Montenegro, Switzerland, Italy, Poland, the Republic of Macedonia and Albania. The Danube was home to some of the earliest human cultures in Europe, and its long navigable length has made it an important highway for trade and war for thousands of years. It was a prize for which the Ottoman, Hungarian and Austrian Empires contended for hundreds of years. Today, it is still a major thoroughfare for trade, and it also provides drinking water for around 20 million people. People also use the Danube for fishing and for tours of the historical riches along its length.	10 Rivers that flow through Europe's Capital Cities - 10 Most Today Leisure & Travel Below is a list of 10 rivers that flow through capital cities in Europe 1. River Thames, London , England – The River Thames flows through London and London’s major attractions are situated right along the banks of the river, such as the Big Ben and Westminster Palace, the Tower Bridge and Tower of London and the London Eye River Thames, London, England 2. The Seine, Paris , France – The Seine flows through Paris and a boat tour of the Seine River is considered one of the best attractions of Paris . A romantic activity in the most romantic destinations in the world. What else do you need? Another romantic activity is to put a love lock on the Pont des Arts Bridge over the Seine The Seine, Paris. Picture taken from the Eiffel Tower 3. The Tiber, Rome , Italy – The history of Rome relates to the Tiber River which flows through the heart of the city, and very close to Vatican City The Tiber and Vatican City, Rome, Italy 4. River Liffey, Dublin , Ireland – The Liffey river supplies much of Dublin’s water, and is also used for recreational purposes. The Temple Bar area lies on the south bank of the Liffey River Liffey, Dublin, Ireland 5. The Danube, Budapest , Hungary – The Danube is the second longest river in Europe, after the Volga. It is 2,872 km (1,785 mi) long and flows through 4 capital cities: Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest and Belgrade. Budapest is the largest city on the Danube and is actually the unification of two parts on both banks of the Danube – Buda on the west bank and Pest on the east bank. They were unified to a single city in 1873 The Danube, Budapest, Hungary The Danube, Budapest, Hungary 6. Moskva River (Moscow River), Moscow , Russia – The Moskva river is 503 km (313 mi) long and flows through Moscow. The Kremlin is situated on the bank of the river Moskva River, Moscow. Picture taken from within the Kremlin 7. The Amstel, Amsterdam , the Netherlands – Amsterdam has countless artificial canals, but the Amstel river is flows naturally through the city The Amstel, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 8. Spree River, Berlin , Germany – The Spree river flows through the German states of Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin. It also flows through the Czech Republic. In Berlin itself, it passes very close to main attractions of Berlin in the heart of the city, such as Brandenburg Gate and the Reichstag Spree River and the Berlin TV Tower, Berlin 9. Vltava River, Prague, Czech Republic – The Vltava river is the longest river in the Czech Republic. In Prague, it flows under Charles Bridge – one of the most famous bridges in the world , and just a short walking distance away from the river is the Old Town Square in Prague , one of the most famous city squares in the world Charles Bridge and Vltava river, Prague 10. Manzanares River, Madrid, Spain – In a way, the city of Madrid was founded thanks to the Manzanares river, as the city was first founded as a citadel overlooking the river by the Moors in the 9th century Manzanares River, Madrid	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,128	If Monday's child is fair of face what is Saturday's child?	Monday's Child Is Fair of Face by Mother Goose Monday's child is fair of face. You are good-looking, especially when you smile! You are beautiful inside and out. TUESDAY: Tuesday's child is full of grace. You have many talents, and are fun to be around. You dance through life! Wednesday's child is full of woe. You are a serious person, and try to change things that seem unfair. You make the world a better place! THURSDAY: Thursday's child has far to go. You have many ideas, and you want to do them all. You will go far in life! FRIDAY: Friday's child is loving and giving. You are caring and sharing. You are kind, you love people, and people love you! SATURDAY: Saturday's child works hard for a living. You are ambitious, enjoy work, and like to accomplish things. You know what you want! SUNDAY: But the child born on the Sabbath day, Is fair and wise and good and gay. You are sunny, fun, and loving. You bring much joy to other people!	TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? In Living Color. Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? David Schwimmer. What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? Paul McCartney. What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? Paul McCartney. What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? What's My Line? What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? Mission: Impossible. Consumer News and Business Channel. How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? Eight. What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? Dr. Frasier Crane. What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? Phil Hartman. What MAS*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? Alan Alda. What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? The Discovery Channel. What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? John Tesh. What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? Friends. What MTV twosome are known as "The Bad Boys" in Mexico? Beavis and Butt head. What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail "the size of canned hams"? David Letterman. What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? Sesame Street's. What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? Homicide. What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? Tiny Tim's. What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? Night Court. Who once observed: "This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself"? Mr. Ed. What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? Harpo's. Who began his radio shows with: "Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press"? Walter Winchell. What TV star said of his worldwide fame: "I didn't know I could top Knight Rider"? David Hasselhoff. What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? The Cosby Show. Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? Charles Grodin. What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? All in the Family. What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? Donna Abandando. What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? The Smurfs. What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? The Cosby Show. What Muppet advised: "Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift"? Miss Piggy. What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? Walter Cronkite. What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? Felix the Cat. What's the "dimension of imagination, "according to the host of a classic TV series? The Twilight Zone. Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed a role on ER? George Clooney. What 250-pound star of Hairspray shed half her weight to host a TV talk show? Ricki Lake. What Mayberry resident once hijacked a bull when he'd had too much to drink? Otis Campbell. What four-word TV slogan did Sting add to the Dire Straits hit Money for Nothing? "I want my MTV". What Mary Tyler Moore Show character's blue blazer made it into the Smithsonian? Ted Baxter's. Who was a cheerleader for the San Francisco 49ers before she became TV's Lois Lane? Teri Hatcher. What was Redd Foxx's last name before show business beckoned? Sanford. Who's been Saturday Night Live's most frequent host? Steve Martin. What town did Howdy Doody live in? Doodyville. What sitcom star advised: "It's okay to be fat. So you're fat. Just be fat and shut up about it"? Roseanne. What Richard Chamberlain vehicle is second only to Roots in total viewers for a miniseries? The Thorn Birds. What media award was derived from the slang term for the 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,129	Phil Collins played drums with which band?	Phil Collins - Biography - IMDb Phil Collins Biography Showing all 170 items Jump to: Overview (4) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (3) \| Trade Mark (7) \| Trivia (64) \| Personal Quotes (91) Overview (4) 5' 6" (1.68 m) Mini Bio (1) Phil Collins was born in Chiswick, London, England, to Winifred (Strange), a theatrical agent, Greville Philip Austin Collins, an insurance agent. He spent most of his early entertainment life as a young actor and model. He played the "Artful Dodger" in the West End production of "Oliver!" alongside the future movie screen "Artful Dodger," Jack Wild . His interest in music and drumming began at school, where he drummed with a stage school band "The Real Thing," subsequently joining "Freehold" and "Flaming Youth." "Flaming Youth" recorded an album to some critical acclaim, although the group disbanded shortly afterward. Collins later successfully auditioned for Genesis , taking over vocals from Peter Gabriel when he left the band in 1975. After separating from his first wife, Collins recorded his first solo album, "Face Value." The album was well received and Collins started to become a household name after the song "In the Air Tonight" was featured on the US TV show Miami Vice (1984). This instigated a guest appearance on the show playing a game show host. His third LP, "No Jacket Required," produced multiple chart hits and awards. Collins is an active musician and entertainer, contributing and guesting regularly on many albums, ranging from Gary Brooker and "Camel" ( Peter Barden 's old band) to Eric Clapton . Current projects include his solo career as a vocalist, recording with Genesis, the Jazz Fusion group Brand X and his Swing Band. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010. Actress Lily Collins is his daughter (her mother is his second wife, Jill Tavelman ). - IMDb Mini Biography By: Julie Lowe-Sanchez Spouse (3) The gated reverberation on his drums Technically complicated drumming in various time signatures Romantic ballads Distinctive singing voice and emotive delivery Using a combination of live drums with drum machines and electric drums on his recordings Fast bass drum technique Writing songs with just three chords Trivia (64) Singer/drummer, former member of the rock band Genesis . He was awarded Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order of the British Empire in the 1994 Queen's Honours List for his services to music and charity. Trustee, Prince's Trust, since 1983. Left Genesis in 1996. Beat South Park (1997) creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone for Best Original Song Oscar in 1999. In return, Trey Parker and Matt Stone have ridiculed Phil Collins in several South Park episodes. Beat out many singers as a replacement for vocalist Peter Gabriel after Peter Gabriel left Genesis for a solo career. Most fans didn't really notice, not only due to the similarity in both singers voices, but because Collins had been singing back up to Gabriel for years in the band. Along with Tony Thompson of Power Station , he sat in for the late John Bonham during Led Zeppelin 's performance at Live Aid. Played at both Wembley Stadium in London and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia segments of Live Aid. He was able to accomplish the feat by hopping on the Concord and flying to Philadelphia as soon as he finished his set in London. Played drums on Robert Plant 's first two solo albums as well as accompanying Plant on his first solo tour. Performed at the BBC's annual Children in Need charity event. [November 2003] Has a son, Simon Collins (born 1976) and a daughter, Joely Collins (born 1973) with his first wife, Andrea Collins ; a daughter, Lily Collins (born 1989) with his second wife, Jill Tavelman and two sons, Nicholas Grev Austin (born 21 April 2001) and Mathew Thomas Clemence (born 1 December 2004) with his third wife, Orianne. He plays the piano. In 2000, Mariah Carey and Westlife had a British number one hit with a cover of his song "Against All Odds" (originally a hit for Collins in 1984). The song became a number one single again, this time for Steve Bro	Phil Collins - Hits - Amazon.com Music Phil Collins Page 1 of 1 Start over Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . Ad feedback Special Offers and Product Promotions Certified Multi-Platinum (2 times) by the RIAA. (2/01) Amazon.com For better or worse, Phil Collins's "In the Air Tonight" was the "Stairway to Heaven" of the '80s, winning radio stations' listener polls and even lending its designer threat to an episode of Miami Vice. Hits recalls the days when the Collins name on a disc ensured its immediate embrace by programmers and the public. How you feel about these songs will depend on how you felt about them then; despite the undeniable niceness of "Take Me Home" and "One More Night," they're unlikely to win over anyone who didn't adore them to begin with. Those who cared, though, will no doubt be gladdened to find most of Collins's biggest tunes together on one disc. --Rickey Wright Track Listings 2. Dance Into The Light 3. Another Day In Paradise 4. Easy Lover 5. You Can't Hurry Love 6. Two Hearts 7. I wish it would rain down 8. Against All Odds (Take A Look At Me Now) 9. Something Happened On The Way To Heaven 10. Separate Lives (Love Theme From White Nights) 11. Both Sides Of The Story 12. One More Night 14. A Groovy Kind Of Love 15. In The Air Tonight (Extended) 16. Take Me Home Audio CD (September 25, 1998) Original Release Date: October 6, 1998 Number of Discs: 1 By Jeff Pearlman on December 26, 2012 Format: Audio CD\|Verified Purchase I resisted this for a long time because of what's missing but finally gave in and got it.* Missing, of course, are "I Missed Again", "Don't Lose My Number", and "Do You Remember?", among several lower-charting hits. But, at 74 minutes, there was probably only room for one more song. I feel that "I Missed Again" should have been that song: it was Collins' first solo hit and one of his best. Over time, "True Colors" pales even more in comparison to the other songs here. However, it was hardly unusual to include a new song on a hits disc and it did become a sizable Adult Contemporary (and minor pop airplay) hit. What's here are the bulk of Collins' biggest chart hits through 1998 ("You'll Be In My Heart" came after this was released), and they are great. This collects soundtrack hits from "Buster" ("A Groovy Kind of Love" and "Two Hearts") and "White Nights" ("Separate Lives", a duet with Marilyn Martin). It also includes "Easy Lover", the #2 duet with Philip Bailey, from Bailey's album "Chinese Wall". When these were hits, I was actually a bit resentful of Phil Collins' saturation airplay. I couldn't understand why other pop/AC icons I enjoyed, such as Barry Manilow, Neil Diamond, and James Taylor, could barely dent the chart while Collins and Lionel Richie were played constantly. Of course, this was a radio programming choice and had nothing to do with the artists. I have grown to appreciate these songs more over time. Phil Collins didn't look like your typical Top 40 pretty boy, and pulled off this string of hits with humor, class, and taste. As of 2012, sadly, pop radio is as deaf to Phil as it was to the above stars back in the day. This should have been a 2-disc set, with all Phil's 28 chart hits plus some LP cuts like "Like China" from "Hello, I Must Be Going". *Now I see that there is an import 2-disc set that has most of the hits this is missing. With the exception, oddly, of "Take Me Home". By Tom Hockman on August 27, 2013 Format: Audio CD\|Verified Purchase I was a big fan of Phil Collins work in Genesis and solo work from 1980 - 85. The guy couldn't miss. Every project he was on was a huge hit. By 1986, Geneisis was getting lamer and I began to get Phil overload. I ignored his work thereafter, but couldn't help hearing some song on the soft rock stations and soundtracks. Listening to t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,130	According to the Bible on what day did God create the beasts of the Earth?	What does the Bible say about Creation of the World? The biblical creation account Gen. 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. Day 1, Light 3 And God said, "Let there be light," and there was light. 4God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5God called the light "day," and the darkness he called "night." And there was evening, and there was morning --the first day. Commentary: Since the beginning of time, a day was defined, considered or "reckoned" as extending from evening to evening. Only since the Gregorian calendar was instituted in 1582 and later adopted by the American Colonies in 1752 was the reckoning of a day changed. The day was then reckoned as extending from midnight to midnight. Day 2, Separation of sky from sea 6 And God said, "Let there be an expanse between the waters to separate water from water." 7So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. And it was so. 8God called the expanse "sky." And there was evening, and there was morning --the second day. Day 3, Dry land & vegetation 9 And God said, "Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear." And it was so. 10God called the dry ground "land," and the gathered waters he called "seas." And God saw that it was good. 11Then God said, "Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds." And it was so. 12The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13And there was evening, and there was morning --the third day. Day 4, Sun, moon & stars 14 And God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years, 15and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth." And it was so. 16God made two great lights --the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. 17God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, 18to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19And there was evening, and there was morning --the fourth day. Day 5, Birds & sea creatures 20 And God said, "Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky." 21So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living and moving thing with which the water teems, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22God blessed them and said, "Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth." 23And there was evening, and there was morning --the fifth day. Day 6, Animals & man 24 And God said, "Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: livestock, creatures that move along the ground, and wild animals, each according to its kind." And it was so. 25God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 26Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground." 27So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. 28God blessed them and said to them, "Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and ove	The History of Earth Day \| Earth Day Network The History of Earth Day Search for: Search Each year, Earth Day—April 22—marks the anniversary of the birth of the modern environmental movement in 1970. The height of counterculture in the United States, 1970 brought the death of Jimi Hendrix, the last Beatles album, and Simon & Garfunkel’s “Bridge Over Troubled Water.” War raged in Vietnam and students nationwide overwhelmingly opposed it. At the time, Americans were slurping leaded gas through massive V8 sedans. Industry belched out smoke and sludge with little fear of legal consequences or bad press. Air pollution was commonly accepted as the smell of prosperity. “Environment” was a word that appeared more often in spelling bees than on the evening news. Although mainstream America largely remained oblivious to environmental concerns, the stage had been set for change by the publication of Rachel Carson’s New York Times bestseller Silent Spring in 1962. The book represented a watershed moment, selling more than 500,000 copies in 24 countries, and beginning to raise public awareness and concern for living organisms, the environment and links between pollution and public health. Earth Day 1970 gave voice to that emerging consciousness, channeling the energy of the anti-war protest movement and putting environmental concerns on the front page. The Idea The idea for a national day to focus on the environment came to Earth Day founder Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after witnessing the ravages of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. Inspired by the student anti-war movement, he realized that if he could infuse that energy with an emerging public consciousness about air and water pollution, it would force environmental protection onto the national political agenda. Senator Nelson announced the idea for a “national teach-in on the environment” to the national media; persuaded Pete McCloskey, a conservation-minded Republican Congressman, to serve as his co-chair; and recruited Denis Hayes from Harvard as national coordinator. Hayes built a national staff of 85 to promote events across the land. April 22, falling between Spring Break and Final Exams, was selected as the date. On April 22,1970, 20 million Americans took to the streets, parks, and auditoriums to demonstrate for a healthy, sustainable environment in massive coast-to-coast rallies. Thousands of colleges and universities organized protests against the deterioration of the environment. Groups that had been fighting against oil spills, polluting factories and power plants, raw sewage, toxic dumps, pesticides, freeways, the loss of wilderness, and the extinction of wildlife suddenly realized they shared common values. Earth Day 1970 achieved a rare political alignment, enlisting support from Republicans and Democrats, rich and poor, city slickers and farmers, tycoons and labor leaders. By the end of that year, the first Earth Day had led to the creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the passage of the Clean Air , Clean Water , and Endangered Species Acts. “It was a gamble,” Gaylord recalled, “but it worked.” As 1990 approached, a group of environmental leaders asked Denis Hayes to organize another big campaign. This time, Earth Day went global, mobilizing 200 million people in 141 countries and lifting environmental issues onto the world stage. Earth Day 1990 gave a huge boost to recycling efforts worldwide and helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It also prompted President Bill Clinton to award Senator Nelson the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995)—the highest honor given to civilians in the United States—for his role as Earth Day founder. Earth Day Today As the millennium approached, Hayes agreed to spearhead another campaign, this time focused on global warming and a push for clean energy. With 5,000 environmental groups in a record 184 countries reaching out to hundreds of millions of people, Earth Day 2000 combined the big-picture feistiness of the fir	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,131	What popular spread is made of hazelnut, milk, and a hint of cocoa?	Recipe: Hazelnut-chocolate spread (homemade Nutella) - California Cookbook California Cookbook Robert Gauthier / Los Angeles Times By Amy Scattergood \| Feb. 11, 2009 Do a Google search for "Nutella," the Italian hazelnut-chocolate spread that comes in a squat jar like peanut butter and is often found right next to it in grocery aisles, and you'll get about 5 million results. Which is about ... Read more ADVERTISEMENT Total time: 20 minutes \| Makes about 1 1/2 cups Note: Use good-quality cocoa powder, such as Scharffen Berger. 1/2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder 1 cup powdered sugar 1/8 teaspoon salt 3 tablespoons hazelnut oil, more as needed Step 1Heat the oven to 400 degrees. Spread the hazelnuts evenly over a cookie sheet and roast until they darken and become aromatic, about 10 minutes. Transfer the hazelnuts to a damp towel and rub to remove the skins. Step 2In a food processor, grind the hazelnuts to a smooth butter, scraping the sides as needed so they process evenly, about 5 minutes. Step 3Add the cocoa, sugar, vanilla, salt and oil to the food processor and continue to process until well blended, about 1 minute. The finished spread should have the consistency of creamy peanut butter; if it is too dry, process in a little extra hazelnut oil until the desired consistency is achieved. Remove to a container, cover and refrigerate until needed. Allow the spread to come to room temperature before using, as it thickens considerably when refrigerated. It will keep for at least a week. Each tablespoon: 109 calories; 2 grams protein; 8 grams carbohydrates; 2 grams fiber; 9 grams fat; 1 gram saturated fat; 0 cholesterol; 13 mg. sodium. Found a problem? Let us know at food@latimes.com This recipe was featured with: By Amy Scattergood \| Feb. 11, 2009 Do a Google search for "Nutella," the Italian hazelnut-chocolate spread that comes in a squat jar like peanut butter and is often found right next to it in grocery aisles, and you'll get about 5 million results. Which is about twice what you get when you Google "chocolate chip cookies" -- and several times as many as the phrase "Valentine's Day chocolates." You might want to remember that this weekend. Because Nutella isn't just junk food with a European pedigree. It can be an obsession, a habit, even a cult. If you think this is foodie hyperbole, you're just not among the initiated. If, however, you're the sort of person who keeps a jar of Nutella hidden under the sink or the mattress; if you've ever carefully spooned all the Nutella out of the center of the jar so that it still looked full to outside observers; if you've asked friends to smuggle Nutella back from Europe (devotees swear European-made Nutella tastes different); if, for heaven's sake, you've ever bought 10 pounds of raw hazelnuts to try to make it at home, then welcome. As members of Nutella's secret handshake society will tell you, it's a blend of hazelnuts and chocolate -- or rather, nuts, cocoa, sugar, skim milk, oil and a few other flavorings and emulsifiers -- that's been ground to a blissfully smooth, creamy spread. Knifed onto a slice of bread, or smeared over crepes or waffles, it's a simple snack that (as my children and the Ferrero Co., which makes the product, like to point out) is even vaguely wholesome. Maybe it's the idea of spreadable chocolate, or maybe it's the deeply satisfying combination of chocolate and hazelnuts, but there's something about Nutella that inspires the kind of devotion usually reserved for federally banned substances. Check out some of those Google results and you find eGullet threads, Flickr galleries, MySpace videos and rapturous blog posts, where recipes that make use of Nutella proliferate in a seemingly endless riff, like conspiracy theories or suggestions for what to name the Obama First Dog. According to allfacebook.com, Nutella's Facebook page ranks third in number of fans, having just moved past Homer J. Simpson with a little more than 2 million. (The two most popular pages, in order: Barack Obama and Coca-Cola.) Two years ago, bloggers Sara Rosso and Michelle Fabio even d	Häagen-Dazs Doesn't Come From Where You Think It Comes From \| The Huffington Post Häagen-Dazs Doesn't Come From Where You Think It Comes From 05/13/2015 07:00 am ET \| Updated Sep 13, 2015 180 Alison Spiegel Food writer and editor Facebook/Häagen-Dazs You think you know somebody: you spend long hours on the couch watching TV together, you celebrate birthdays with one another, you even cry to them on occasion. Then this somebody goes and completely surprises you. Sound familiar? Allow us to introduce you to Häagen-Dazs: the ice cream company you thought you knew, but you really didn't know at all. Häagen-Dazs is not from Denmark. It's not from Germany or Sweden either. It comes from the Bronx. Häagen-Dazs is a New Yorker. Yep, it's true. While some fans may have already known the real origins of this famed ice cream company, for those who always thought Häagen-Dazs was vaguely European, now you know the truth. The company has charming roots to be sure -- they were just planted on this side of the Atlantic. After working in the family ice cream business, Reuben Mattus, along with his wife Rose, started Häagen-Dazs in the 1960s. According to the company's website , Mattus sold "fruit ice and ice cream pops from a horse-drawn wagon in the bustling streets of the Bronx, New York." When Mattus and his wife launched their own ice cream business, they started with three flavors: vanilla, chocolate and coffee. Mattus invented the Danish-sounding Häagen-Dazs name because he thought it conveyed an "aura of the old-world traditions and craftsmanship." He added an umlaut even though that punctuation mark doesn't exist in the Danish language, because he thought it would make his product stand out. Online magazine Tablet says that Mattus was inspired by Denmark because it was "the only country which saved the Jews during World War II." According to The New York Times , the original ice cream cartons carried a map of Denmark to give the impression that the product was European. By 1973, pints were getting shipped around the country and in 1976 the first scoop shop opened. International fame set in after Pillsbury acquired the company in 1983. Today, General Mills owns Häagen-Dazs . All this doesn't make us love the ice cream any less, but we're now adding Häagen-Dazs to the "foods with surprising origins" file, along with the likes of Hawaiian pizza (hint: not Hawaiian), tacos al pastor and Caesar salad . Also on HuffPost:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,132	The occupational surname Fuller, referred to a worker (who used 'Fuller's Earth') of?	30 Discoveries About Family History in Spanish Surnames \| Mental Floss 30 Discoveries About Family History in Spanish Surnames istock Like us on Facebook If your family name represents an occupation, you know something about how one—or likely more—of your ancestors made a living. In English, occupational names, like Smith and Miller, are among the most common . In Spanish, though, patronymics (names derived from a father’s name) like Rodríguez (son of Rodrigo) and Martínez (son of Martín) are far more common. In a Spanish government ranking of surname frequency, you have to scan down to #30 (Molina) before you find a name definitely related to a trade. There are plenty of occupational surnames in Spanish, though. Some, like Barbero and Carpintero, are transparent. Here are a few that are a bit less obvious. 1. ABAD, ABATO, ABADE, ADAT, BADAL, BADIOLA, BADÍAS These surnames all derive from Latin abbas, which in turn comes from Aramaic abba, “father”; all refer to an abbot. 2. BALLESTA, BALLESTER, BALLESTERO, BALLESTEROS These names referred to someone who used a crossbow (ballesta), a bowman. A ballestero came to mean a royal armorer and later someone who assisted with shotguns on royal hunts. 3. BATANERO Batanero, like the English word fuller, referred to someone who beat or agitated cloth (especially wool) in water to remove oil and dirt, making it thicker. 4. BERMEJO Bermejo (vermilion) comes from Latin vermiculus, diminutive of vermis, “worm” and referred to those who made a red dye from an insect Kermes vermilio. 5. BOTERO The Colombian artist Fernando Botero is known for painting and sculpting rotund figures who look as if they might enjoy guzzling wine from a bulging bota. A botero is a maker of wineskins or bottles. Botero can also relate to bote or “rowboat,” however, and some people with this name may have had ancestors who were ferrymen rather than bottle makers. 6. BOYERO A boyero is an ox driver. 7. CABALLERO Although caballero now means “gentleman,” it comes from late Latin caballarius, from Latin caballus, “horse,” and originally meant “knight.” 8. CABRERA, CABRERO, CABRA, CABRAL These names derive from Latin caprarius and mean goatherd. A variant, Cabrisas, is an archaic term for goat pen. 9. CALDERÓN This surname, which is shared by a recent president of Mexico and a poet and playwright of the Golden Age of Spanish literature, means caldron and was given to a maker of cooking pots. 10. CANTERO A cantero is a stonemason. 11. CARRILLO, CARRO, CARRERA, CARRERO, CARRETA, CARRIL These surnames come from Spanish carro, from Latin carrus, “cart,” and refer to cart or wagon makers. Carrillo also means “cheek” and one source says the name was given to those with unusual cheeks. 12. CUBERO Cuba means “cask”; a cubero is a cooper, or barrel maker. 13. ESCRIBANO An escribano was a scrivener—a clerk, scribe or notary who certified documents. 14. ESCUDERO(S), ESCUDILLO From Latin scutarius, escudero means “shield bearer or squire.” 15. FUSTER, FUSTÉ These names relate to fustero, meaning “carpenter,” or more specifically, “turner, lathe operator.” 16. FERRER, FERRERO, FERREIRO, FERREIRA, FERRUFINO, FERRÓN, HERRERA, DE HERRERA, HERRERO, HIERRO, HERRADA These are all historical and regional variants of a word meaning “iron.” The name was applied to blacksmiths, but in some cases may have arisen from a place name. 17. GUERRA , GUERRERO The Spanish word guerra, “war,” comes from Germanic werra. Guerrero means warrior. 18. HIDALGO, FIDALGO From Latin filius aliquid, “son of something [i.e. wealth],” the name was applied to noblemen. 19. JURADO Jurado means “sworn.” The present meaning is “juror,” but earlier on it referred to sworn officials with a variety of duties. 20. LABRADOR From Latin laborātor, “laborer,” labrador refers to someone who works the earth, a plowman or farmer. 21. MARÍN, MARINO, MARINA, MARES, DELMAR From the Latin word marinus, meaning “man of the sea,” these are variants of the word for sailor. 22. MERINO, MERÍN, MERINA, MERINERO From (you guessed it) Latin maiorinus, “something greater,” a merino was	Antarctica2 echoes Sir Edmund Hillary’s 1958 expedition to the South Pole by tractor News 6 November 2014 Antarctica2 echoes Sir Edmund Hillary’s 1958 expedition to the South Pole by tractor The 2014 Antarctica2 mission to take a tractor to the South Pole emulates the achievement of explorer Sir Edmund Hillary who led the first mechanised expedition to the South Pole in 1958 using a fleet of Ferguson TE20 tractors. In 2014, 56 years since Hillary’s journey and 56 years since the birth of the Massey Ferguson brand, an MF 5600 tractor will make a similar trek across the ice. On January 4 1958, driving 28hp TE20 tractors, Hillary’s team became the first overland explorers to reach the South Pole since Captain Scott's expedition in 1912. In his now famous telegram he told the ‘Massey-Harris-Ferguson Farming Company’: “Despite quite unsuitable conditions of soft snow and high altitudes our Fergusons performed magnificently and it was their extreme reliability that made our trip to the Pole possible. Stop. Thank you for your good wishes = Hillary” At the time, the press described this as the ‘The Last Great Journey in the World’, although the expedition’s official title was The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-58. Led by Englishman, Sir Vivian Fuchs, its aim was to be the first to cross the continent overland – 50 years after Shackleton’s ill-fated attempt – while gathering scientific data. In common with Shackleton, Fuchs’ plan was to make the journey from each side of the continent from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea with teams including men from Britain, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. Hillary led the New Zealand team and their primary role was to set up depots and stash supplies of fuel, food and equipment in a line towards the Pole. It was this supply work which first brought Hillary into contact with the Ferguson TE20s. The tractor had already established itself a good Antarctic reputation in 1954 when one tractor worked for 565 hours without the need for a single repair after arriving on the continent on February 13 in temperatures of minus 10° C. When faced with unloading and transporting 500 tonnes of stores across 16 km from the ship to his base camp, it is not surprising Hillary turned again to the ‘Fergie’ “For unloading the ship it was necessary, of course, to have vehicles. Our problem was overcome by the generosity of Massey-Harris-Ferguson in the UK and their agents in C.B. Norwood in New Zealand. These firms lent us five Ferguson tractors modified to operate in snow conditions,” he wrote. The tractors were fitted with full tracks and an extra wheel on each side. The tracks were easily removed so that wheels could be used when conditions allowed. In addition, the tractors were painted red (as opposed to the normal Ferguson grey) to make them easier to spot in the snow. Hillary’s journey across Antarctica traversed deep crevasses in the snow and ice. Eventually the team reached Depot 700 on 15 December 1957 – despite nearly losing a tractor down a crevasse. It (and its driver) was only saved by the roll-bar jamming against the wall of the ice and holding the vehicle up. In reaching this destination, Hillary’s primary role was complete. He had left behind him fully-stocked supply depots stretching all the way back to Scott base – ready for Fuchs and his team. However, he resolved to go south-west to get clear of the crevasses and find a safer route to Depot 700 for Fuchs. Then “fuel and vehicles permitting and if the Trans-polar party required no more assistance,” he would set off for the Pole or meet Fuchs if time allowed. On December 20 1957, he left Depot 700. By skirting around the crevasses he cut a new route for Fuchs. The team carried on for a further ten days – at times struggling through crevasses and thick snow at a crawl. By January Hillary was on his way to the Pole. Just after midday on January 4, the team drove the last few kilometres though soft snow to arrive at the American South Pole Station. On reaching his destination, Hillary commented: “Our Ferguson's had brought us ove	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,133	In what year was the big ball made compulsory in the Open Golf Championship	The British Open Ball: When Golf Balls Came In 2 Sizes By Brent Kelley Updated December 03, 2016. Did you know that until 1990, the R&A and USGA - golf's governing bodies - could not agree on the size of the golf ball? There were two different sizes of golf balls in use around the world, with a very slightly smaller version of the ball available for play in areas governed by R&A rules. The minimum size of golfs balls was not standardized in the Rules of Golf until 1990 (at 1.68 inches in diameter). The 'British Ball' and 'American Ball' For most of the history of the Rules of Golf , the sport's two governing bodies disagreed about the minimum size of golf balls: R&A's minimum golf ball diameter: 1.62 inches USGA's minimum golf ball diameter: 1.68 inches. (The two governing bodies always agreed that the weight of a golf ball should be 1.62 ounces.) The R&A approved golf balls with minimum diameters of 1.62 inches in the early 1900s. But in the early 1930s, the USGA ruled against those smaller balls, sticking with a minimum diameter of 1.68 inches. continue reading below our video Understanding Baseball The larger ball played in USGA-governed areas became known as the "American ball," while the smaller ball golfers in R&A areas had the option to use was known as the "small ball," "British ball" or "British Open ball." (And for good measure, sometimes "European ball.") "British ball" or "British Open ball" was the term for it most commonly used by American golfers and fans because those golfers typically only encountered the ball during the Open Championship . To golfers playing under R&A rules, it was simply the "small ball." (Note that the golf ball sizes above are minimums; golf balls could be - and can be - larger. So R&A golfers always had the option to play the larger American ball if they wished.) American Pros Preferred the Small Ball at the Open The smaller ball was an option for golfers playing under R&A rules; it was not an option for golfers playing under USGA rules. But American pro golfers almost unanimously preferred the smaller ball when playing in the British Open. Arnold Palmer , Jack Nicklaus , et.al., all switched to the British ball when they played the Open Championship (or any other competition governed by R&A rules). The smaller ball went farther and was more workable in the wind. Golf Ball Size Finally Standardized in 1990 Over the years, a desire grew to standardize the rules on golf ball size. The difference in minimum golf ball diameter was one of the last major disagreements between the R&A and USGA that was codified in the rules. The R&A took the first step in 1974, when it decided the small ball could no longer be used in the British Open. That meant that golf's major championships , at least, were all played with the same size golf balls from 1974 onward. But it took all the way until the 1990 update to the Rules of Golf before the R&A and USGA settled on one, single approved minimum size for golf balls, and it was the USGA's: 1.68-inches in diameter. And that relegated the "small ball" or "British ball" to history.	The 2005 PGA Grand Slam of Golf / Players / Michael Campbell Michael Campbell became the first New Zealander to win a major since Bob Charles captured the British Open in 1963. (Photo: Getty Images) Persistence Pays off at Pinehurst When Michael Campbell tamed an ultra-tough Pinehurst No. 2 to win the U.S. Open in June, the New Zealander completed an amazing comeback from a major slump and lifted the spirits of an entire nation back home. By George Willis, New York Post Sure, golf's most famous names were there: Tiger, Phil, Vijay and Ernie. But when the week of the 105th U.S. Open arrived, there was one star that stood above the rest: Pinehurst No.2. The famed course crafted from the genius of Donald Ross had everyone in awe. It's 7,214 yards of firm fairways and crowned greens posed an intimidating challenge to finish four championship rounds at even par or maybe match the 1-under par the late Payne Stewart shot in winning the last Open played there in 1999. "You'll get the best player in the field winning this week," Ernie Els predicted. It was thought only golf's best, the top 10 or so players in the world, would be equipped to handle Pinehurst during a sun-baked week; maybe Tiger, Phil, Vijay or Ernie. But when dusk arrived on Father's Day, it was a longshot New Zealander who stood on the 18th green, crying into his cap, celebrating his first major championship for himself, his family and his country. Michael Campbell barely earned a spot into the U.S. Open. He was a sectional qualifier in England, needing birdie on the final hole to join the 156-player field. And it wasn't until Sunday that he was really noticed, holding steady on the back nine and eventually surviving the ultimate test of golf that all others failed. Wearing a tattoo-like design on the back of his white shirt that means "inner strength, be strong," Campbell was a model of consistency, completing a magnificent 1-under-par 69 on Sunday to outlast Tiger Woods by two strokes. This wasn't one man's victory; it belonged to a nation, as Campbell became the first New Zealander to win a major since Bob Charles captured the British Open in 1963. "I think for the first time I actually made the front page of the newspapers back home with the All Blacks," Campbell said referring to New Zealand's famous rugby team. "They're champions and heroes of mine and to knock them off their pedestal for the one week means a lot to me." It wasn't just the All Blacks Campbell thought about. There was Charles and the Maori people of New Zealand, who needed a golf hero. "To win this major championship, obviously I do it for myself, but also the people back home," he said. "I won this for the people back home, all the sports fans." It was a victory that didn't come easily, not when someone named Tiger is on your tail. Woods, who had won his fourth Masters two months earlier in an epic duel with Chris DiMarco, looked liked he'd played himself out of contention for the second leg of the Grand Slam after starting his final round bogey-bogey. That left him eight strokes behind third-round leader Retief Goosen, who was just beginning his final 18 holes. "After that start, I'm sure most people wrote me off," Woods said. And why not? Facing that kind of deficit with as tough as No. 2 was playing, the gap seemed insurmountable even for the incomparable Woods. But the winner of nine major championships was focusing on a more simplistic goal. "If I could somehow post even par, that might be able to sneak my way into a playoff," he said. Woods would need help and he got plenty. Goosen had won his two previous U.S. Opens at two of the toughest venues in recent years, Southern Hills in 2001 and Shinnecock in 2004, where he carded a final-round 1-over-71 to beat Phil Mickelson by a stroke on a day when the field averaged 78.7. Capturing his third U.S. Open seemed only a formality after Goosen chipped and putted his way to a three-stroke lead after 54 holes. His shiny red 3-under-par offered little evidence he would close with one of the worst rounds of his career. It began with a double-bog	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,134	Brideshead Revisited, written in 1945, was a famous novel by which famous author?	Brideshead Revisited \| novel by Waugh \| Britannica.com novel by Waugh Moby Dick Brideshead Revisited, satirical novel by Evelyn Waugh , published in 1945. According to Waugh, a convert to Roman Catholicism , the novel was intended to show “the operation of divine grace” in the affairs of a particular group of people. This is revealed through the story of the wealthy Roman Catholic Marchmain family as told by Charles Ryder , a friend of the family. Despite the seeming indifference to, or outright repudiation of, the church by various members of the family—particularly Lord Marchmain, his daughter Julia, and his son Sebastian—by the end of the novel each has shown some sign of acceptance of the faith. Learn More in these related articles: in Marchmain family fictional upper-class Roman Catholic English family featured in the novel Brideshead Revisited (1945) by Evelyn Waugh. The family consists of Lord Marchmain, who lives in Italy with his mistress, Cara; Lady Marchmain, a devout Roman Catholic who lives at the country estate of Brideshead; and their children, Brideshead (Bridey), Sebastian, Julia, and Cordelia. 4 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted Reference discussed in biography (in Evelyn Waugh ) character of Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: February 02, 2016 URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brideshead-Revisited-novel-by-Waugh Access Date: January 09, 2017 Share	MCQ-test Questions and Answers \| Library and Information center@KV Peringome Library and Information center@KV Peringome Reader’s Club and Library and Information Center National Library Week celebration 2012 Know Your Literature 1. Who invented movable type printing? (C) Johannes Gutenberg 2. What was the pen-name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson? (D) Lewis Carroll 3. What was Samuel Langhorne Clemens’ pen-name? (B) Mark Twain 4. The ISBN (International Standard Book Number) code was increased to how many digits from 1 January 2007? (A) Thirteen 5. What is the pen-name of novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-80)? (D) George Eliot 6. French writer Sully Prudhomme was the first winner of what prize in 1901? (C) Nobel Prize for Literature 7. “Make then laugh; make them cry; make them wait…” was a personal maxim of which novelist? (B) Charles Dickens 8. Which Indian author wrote the English novel called ‘Untouchable’ (novel) in 1935? (D) Mulk Raj Anand. 9. R.K.Narayan has his stories centered on which imaginary place? (D) Malgudi 10. Which Indian writer has a National Park named after him? (B)Jim Corbett 12. Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel prize for writing: (C) Gitanjali 13. What is the pen name of V V Ayyappan – (B) Kovilan 14. What is the pen name of P C Kuttikrishnan- (D) Uroob 15. ______________is a Malayalam poet and lyricist from Kerala, India, who won Jnanpith Award, the highest literary award in India for the year 2007 (C) O.N.V. Kurupu 16. The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 (C) Mo Yan 17. Hilary Mantel’s book _______________ won Man Booker Prize 2012 (B) Bring up the Bodies 18. _____________________is the autobiography of Adolf Hitler (A) Mein Kampf 19. Who wrote “Glimpses of world history” (A)Jawaharlal Nehru 20. ____________________is the autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi. (D) The Story of My Experiments with Truth 21. The famous book “ The count of Monte Cristo” written by (C) Alexandre Dumas 22. _______________________________is the author of Harry Potter series stories (B) J. K. Rowling 23. Who wrote the English novel called ‘Angry river’ (A) Ruskin Bond 24. ________________________________ is the autobiography of A. P. J Abdul Kalam. (C) Wings of fire 25. The Diary of a Young Girl is a book of the writings from the Dutch language diary kept by ______________while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. (B) Anne Frank 26. The Story of My Life, first published in 1903, is autobiography of ___________ (A) Helen Keller 27. The Evolutionary biology book the origin of species written by________________________________ (A) Charles Darwin 28. Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Latin for “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”, often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by___________________________ (D) Sir Isaac Newton 29. Who was the Indian author won Man Booker Prize for his book “The white tiger” in 2008 (B) Aravind Adiga 30. It is considered to be the first Malayalam novel. (C) Kundalatha	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,135	In which city are the headquarters of Greenpeace International?	Greenpeace - SourceWatch Greenpeace Jump to: navigation , search This article is part of the Coal Issues portal on SourceWatch, a project of CoalSwarm and the Center for Media and Democracy . See here for help on adding material to CoalSwarm. This article is part of the Center for Media & Democracy's focus on the fallout of nuclear "spin." Greenpeace is one of the world's largest environmental organizations. The headquarters of Greenpeace International are in Amsterdam, The Netherlands . It is formally allied with 350.org . Kumi Naidoo , Executive Director, Greenpeace International Gerd Leipold , former Executive Director, Greenpeace International Contents Donald K. Ross , Greenpeace USA chair History Greenpeace was founded in 1971 following a group of activists sailing an old fishing boat, the Phyllis Cormack, from Vancouver towards the island of Amchitka, Alaska in protest against proposed US underground nuclear testing. [1] Current campaigns the oceans - fisheries issues, whaling and pollution toxic chemicals Greenpeace operates a fleet of several ocean-going ships used in protest and awareness raising Funding and expenditures "... Greenpeace does not seek or accept funding from governments , corporations or political parties or any other source that could compromise its aims and objectives, its independence or its integrity. Greenpeace relies wholly upon the voluntary donations of individual supporters and on grant support from foundations ." [3] They also provide a breakdown of their expenditure and income (about $350m in 2003 for Greenpeace international and all regional subsidiaries) [4] Though there does not seem to be any information about the foundations that give them money on their website, the financial breakdown from 2001 for Greenpeace international alone indicates that 118m of 143m came from individuals with 3.9m from foundations, 4.2m from major donors and 4.4m other income. 12.5m was left in legacies and bequests, so foundations constitute a relatively small proportion of income, assuming that the same is roughly true of the subsidiaries. Greenpeace has referred to "independent foundations" [5] . Greenpeace fundraising policies from 1998 state that Greenpeace screens all major donations in order ensure it does not receive unwanted donations. Donations from foundations which are funded by political parties or receive most of their funding from governments or intergovernmental organisations are rejected. Foundation donations are also rejected if the foundations attach unreasonable conditions, restrictions or constraints on Greenpeace activities or if the donation would compromise the independence and aims of Greenpeace. [6] Books Bob Hunter, Warriors of the Rainbow: A Chronicle of the Greenpeace Movement, Henry Holt & Company, October, 1979, ISBN 0030437415 David McTaggart, Greenpeace III: Journey into the bomb, Collins, 1978. ISBN 0002118858 John May and Michael Brown, The Greenpeace Story, Dk Publishing*inc ISBN 086318328X Mark Warford (ed), Greenpeace Witness: Twenty-Five Years on the Environmental Front Line, Andre Deutsch, August 1, 1997. ISBN 0233990240 Contact details	Kumi Naidoo Join the Network Kumi Naidoo Kumi Naidoo is a South African human rights activist and the former International Executive Director of the international environmental group Greenpeace, the first African to head the organization. After battling apartheid in South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s through the Helping Hands Youth Organisation, Naidoo led global campaigns to end poverty and protect human rights. He has served as the Secretary-General of both the Global Call to Action Against Poverty and Civicus, an international alliance for citizen participation. Recently, he has led the Global Call for Climate Action, which brings together environmental, aid, religious and human rights groups; labor unions; scientists; and others and has organized mass demonstrations around climate negotiations. GTI Contributions	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,136	"What does the German word ""Danke"" mean in English?"	What does the word 'danke' mean? - Quora Quora 'Danke' means 'Thank you' in German. I am an intermediate German learner and this is one of the first words taught. It can be used in a sentence e.g: George sagt Danke; which translates to George says thank you. George -George Written Dec 4, 2015 The word Danke is used as an informal way of saying 'thank you' in German. The informal reply, ('you're welcome') is bitte. The most common formal ways of saying 'thank you' are Dankeschön or Danke sehr but these can also mean thanks a lot or thank you very much. More formal replies that go with Dankeschön or Danke sehr are Bitteschön or Bitte sehr. The word Bitte may also mean: 'MayI help you?' 'Pardon?' (as in 'Could you repeat that?') - Ich bin heute einkaufen gegangen. (I went shopping today.) - Wie bitte? (Pardon me?) or 'Here you go' (when handing something over) - Ein Stück Apfelkuchen bitte. (A piece of apple cake please.) - (Waiter serves the cake ) Bitte sehr. For additional information and other ways to say Thank You and You're Welcome formally and informally in German go to: The Many Ways to Say You're Thankful in German Written Aug 17, 2015 Literally translated, it is the first person form of the verb “to thank”, danken. Hence danke just means “thank” in the first person, like “I thank (you)”. The “I” and “you” are implied. The full sentence would be “ich danke dir” or “ich danke Ihnen” or “ich danke euch” depending on the full context. Other variants of saying thank you: Vielen Dank (many thanks) Tausend Dank (a thousand thanks) Vergelt’s Gott (a Southern German variant, more or less meaning “God bless you for it”) Danke sehr or danke vielmals or danke schön or schönen Dank (thank you very much) Herzlichen Dank (heartfelt thanks) Danke is a word of Germanic (and Swedish, too) origin, meaning thanks or thank you. Commonly used in chatrooms and forums, almost singularly as a single-word response, and almost never sarcastically. But it can be an anagram of NAKED. Lol. It also can be use when something is beyond fresh looking. Like, "Yo girl, you look danke tonight". "Danke"(pronounced as da-ank-eh) is a German word which means "Thank you!" in English. So if you're interested in learning some basic German check out the links below The website below has a small course which goes step by step. Written Dec 5, 2015 Bai Enyu pointed out the possibility of using Danke in a sarcastic way. As a native German, I'd like to add another sarcastic usage of this word: Normally, if you care for another person and wanto to know, whether this person is feeling fine, you would ask : Geht es dir gut? (Are you feeling fine? Are you alright?) or, after some smalltalk and talking about some minor problems: Und sonst geht's dir gut? (And besides of all this, you're feeling fine?) If a person is very annoyed and angry about another person's behaviour or words, the angry one could also say (very loud or even shout and a little bit aggressively): Und sonst geht's dir noch danke?! Thus the original word gut (in the meaning of feeeling fine) is replaced by danke. The phrase is very impolite and shouldn't be used as a personal mantra... ;-) 1.2k Views	Learn About Months, Dates, Seasons, and Days in German By Hyde Flippo Updated August 01, 2016. After studying this lesson, you'll be able to: (1) say the days and months in German, (2) express calendar dates, (3) talk about the seasons and (4) talk about dates and deadlines (Termine) in German. Luckily, because they are based on Latin, the English and German words for the months are almost identical. The days in many cases are also similar because of a common Germanic heritage. Most of the days bear the names of Teutonic gods in both languages. For example, the Germanic god of war and thunder, Thor, lends his name to both English Thursday and German Donnerstag (thunder = Donner). The German Days of the Week (Tage der Woche) Let's start with the days of the week (Tage der Woche). Most of the days in German end in the word (der) Tag, just as the English days end in "day." The German week (and calendar) starts with Monday (Montag) rather than Sunday. Each day is shown with its common two-letter abbreviation. Tage der Woche "sun day" The seven days of the week are masculine (der) since they usually end in -tag (der Tag). The two exceptions, Mittwoch and Sonnabend, are also masculine. Note that there are two words for Saturday. Samstag is used in most of Germany, in Austria, and in German Switzerland. Sonnabend ("Sunday eve") is used in eastern Germany and roughly north of the city of Münster in northern Germany. So, in Hamburg, Rostock, Leipzig or Berlin, it's Sonnabend; in Cologne, Frankfurt, Munich or Vienna "Saturday" is Samstag. Both words for "Saturday" are understood all over the German-speaking world, but you should try to use the one most common in the region you're in. Note the two-letter abbreviation for each of the days (Mo, Di, Mi, etc.). These are used on calendars, schedules and German/Swiss watches that indicate the day and date. Using Prepositional Phrases With Days of the Week To say "on Monday" or "on Friday" you use the prepositional phrase am Montag or am Freitag. (The word am is actually a contraction of an and dem, the dative form of der. More about that below.) Here are some commonly used phrases for the days of the week: Day Phrases der EXAMPLES: am Dienstag (on Tuesday, dative), jeden Tag (every day, accusative) NOTE: The masculine (der) and neuter (das) make the same changes (look the same) in the dative case. Adjectives or numbers used in the dative will have an -en ending: am sechsten April. Now we want to apply the information in the chart above. When we use the prepositions an (on) and in (in) with days, months or dates, they take the dative case. Days and months are masculine, so we end up with a combination of an or in plus dem, which equals am or im. To say "in May" or "in November" you use the prepositional phrase im Mai or im November. However, some date expressions that do not use prepositions (jeden Dienstag, letzten Mittwoch) are in the accusative case. The Months (Die Monate) The months are all masculine gender (der). There are two words used for July. Juli (YOO-LEE) is the standard form, but German-speakers often say Julei (YOO-LYE) to avoid confusion with Juni- in much the same way that zwo is used for zwei. The Four Seasons (Die vier Jahreszeiten) The seasons are all masculine gender (except for das Frühjahr, another word for spring). The months for each season above are, of course, for the northern hemisphere where Germany and the other German-speaking countries lie. When speaking of a season in general ("Autumn is my favorite season."), in German you almost always use the article: "Der Herbst ist meine Lieblingsjahreszeit." The adjectival forms shown below translate as "springlike, springy," "summerlike" or "autumnal, falllike" (sommerliche Temperaturen = "summerlike/summery temperatures"). In some cases, the noun form is used as a prefix, as in die Winterkleidung = "winter clothing" or die Sommermonate = "the summer months." The prepositional phrase im (in dem) is used for all the seasons when you want to say, for instance, "in (the) spring" (im Frühling). This is the same a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,137	In what year where the Summer Olympic Games hosted in Munich?	Richard Rothschild: Ranking the five best and five worst Summer Olympic Games \| SI.com Ranking the five best and five worst Summer Olympic Games Share Richard Rothschild Friday July 27th, 2012 Rating Olympic Games is not a cut-and-dried exercise. Even those Games marred by tragedy and/or incompetence contain performances of brilliance that resound decades later. The 1972 Munich Olympics were darkened by the murder of 11 Israeli athletes and the botched ending to the Soviet Union-U.S. basketball final but also featured Mark Spitz, Olga Korbut and Frank Shorter. Olympics have fallen flat in a world-class city like Paris yet bloomed in smaller locales such as Helsinki and Barcelona. What were the best -- and worst -- summer Olympics? Here are a top and bottom five based on athletic performances, historic importance, aesthetics, organization and lasting impact. 1. Rome, 1960 No Olympics has better blended the modern with the ancient. Rome built sparkling new facilities for track and swimming but also recognized its ancient heritage. Wrestling was held in the 2,000-year-old Basilica of Maxentius, gymnastics was conducted in the Baths of Caracalla and the marathon was run along parts of the ancient Appian Way and finished, at night, in front of the massive Arch of Constantine. These were the first Olympic Games televised in North America and viewers received a treasure trove of athletic excellence. Oscar Robertson, Jerry West and Jerry Lucas led the greatest amateur basketball team in Olympic history as the U.S. devoured the competition, winning its nine games by an average of more than 40 points. Glamorous Wilma Rudolph, who overcame polio as a child, became the first U.S. black female Olympic sensation by winning the 100 and 200 meters and anchoring the 4x100 relay to another gold medal. The French called her "The Black Gazelle." One of Rudolph's many admirers was a gregarious 18-year-old boxer named Cassius Clay who talked up a storm while pounding opponents on his way to a light-heavyweight gold medal. He later changed his name to Muhammad Ali and became one of sport's transcendent figures. Otis Davis of the U.S. broke the 45-second barrier in the 400 meters and Australia's Herb Elliot shattered his own 1,500 world record on the same day. In the decathlon world record holder Rafer Johnson of the U.S. went to the final strides of the 10th and final event, the 1,500 meters, before clinching the gold medal over his UCLA teammate Yang C.K. of Taiwan. The two great foes -- and friends -- walked wearily off the track together. Few had heard of Ethiopia's Abebe Bikila before the start of the marathon. Then he began running -- barefoot. Bikila strode through the streets of a darkening Rome, his path lit by thousands of candles and flashlights. He finished first at the Arch of Constantine in a world-best 2 hours 15 minutes 16.2 seconds, the first black African to win a gold medal. 2. Barcelona, 1992 These were the first summer Olympics held after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the end of apartheid in South Africa and the first not to be affected by boycotts since 1972. A record 169 nations traveled to the Catalonian capital, which staged an artistic and athletic hit that revitalized Barcelona -- and the Olympics. Germany fielded its first unified Olympic team since 1964 and the former Soviet republics of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia sent their first squads since 1936. The diving events were held outdoors with the Sagrada Familia church serving as a spectacular backdrop. Twenty years after the Munich massacre of their countrymen, Yael Arad and Oren Smadja became the first Israeli athletes to win Olympic medals with a silver and bronze respectively in judo. The U.S. Dream Team of Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson and Larry Bird helped bring professional basketball to the Olympics and raised the profile of their sport around the world. So dominant was the U.S. that coach Chuck Daly never called a timeout. Equally dominant was gymnast Vitaly Scherbo of Belarus who won six gold medals, four in one day. Carl Lewis won his third of his four st	US-HOSTED OLYMPICS \| Beijing, China - Embassy of the United States Embassy of the United States US-HOSTED OLYMPICS US-HOSTED OLYMPICS The United States has hosted eight times of Olympic Games, four times each for the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. The U.S. hosted its first Olympics in 1904 in St. Louis, Missouri. The last U.S.-hosted summer Olympics were held in Atlanta in 1996, preceded by Los Angeles in 1984 and 1932 and by St. Louis in 1904. The most recent winter Olympics in the U.S. were held in Salt Lake City, Utah in 2002. The International Olympic Committee (IOC), is the umbrella organization for the Olympics. The U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC), the National Olympic Committee for the U.S., is responsible for the training, competition opportunities and welfare of American athletes. The United States is the country that has hosted the Olympic Games the most often. After the USA, France has hosted the most Olympic Games -- five, including the 1992 Olympic Winter Games. US-hosted Summer Olympic Games:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,138	In Greek mythology which son of Telamon fought Hector in single combat?	Ajax Ajax by James Hunter Ajax was the son of Telamon , king of Salamis. After Achilles , he was the mightiest of the Greek heroes in the Trojan War. Ajax was a huge man, head and shoulders larger than the other Greeks, enormously strong but somewhat slow of speech. In the Iliad, he is often called the "wall" or "bulwark" (herkos) of the Greeks. When Achilles had withdrawn from the fighting at Troy, it was Ajax who went forth to meet Hector in single combat; by the time darkness fell the fight was still a stalemate, but Ajax had wounded Hector without sustaining injury himself After Achilles' death, Ajax competed with Odysseus for the ownership of Achilles' armor. Both men delivered speeches explaining their own merits, but Odysseus was by far the more eloquent and won the prize. Ajax was driven mad by his disappointment. According to one account, he vowed vengeance on the Greeks and began slaughtering cattle, mistaking them for his former comrades-in-arms. He finally committed suicide. Ajax is often called "Telemonian Ajax" or "the greater Ajax," to distinguish him from Ajax the Lesser the son of Oileus , who also fought for the Greeks at Troy. Article details:	Castor and Pollux Castor and Pollux Dioscuri (Pollux or Castor), Rome, Capitol Dioscuri (Castor or Pollux), Rome, Capitol In Greek and Roman mythology , Castor [1] and Pollux, [2] or Kastor and Polydeuces, [3] were twin brothers, together known as the Dioscuri or Dioskouroi. [4] Their mother was Leda , but they had different fathers; Castor was the mortal son of Tyndareus , the king of Sparta, while Pollux was the divine son of Zeus , who seduced Leda in the guise of a swan. Though accounts of their birth are varied, they are sometimes said to have been born from an egg, along with their twin sisters or half-sisters Helen of Troy and Clytemnestra . In Latin the twins are also known as the Gemini [5] or Castores. [6] When Castor was killed, Pollux asked Zeus to let him share his own immortality with his twin to keep them together, and they were transformed into the constellation Gemini . The pair were regarded as the patrons of sailors, to whom they appeared as St. Elmo’s fire , and were also associated with horsemanship. They are sometimes called the Tyndaridae or Tyndarids, [7] later seen as a reference to their father and stepfather Tyndareus . Contents 13 External links Birth and functions Castor depicted on a calyx krater of c. 460–450 BC, holding a horse’s reins and spears and wearing a pilos -style helmet The best-known story of the twins’ birth is that Zeus disguised himself as a swan and seduced Leda . Thus Leda’s children are frequently said to have hatched from two eggs that she then produced. The Dioscuri can be recognized in vase-paintings by the skull-cap they wear, the pilos , which was explained in antiquity as the remnants of the egg. Whether the children are thus mortal or half-immortal is not consistent among accounts, nor is whether the twins hatched together from one egg. In some accounts, only Pollux was fathered by Zeus, while Leda and her husband Tyndareus conceived Castor. This explains why they were granted an alternate immortality. It is a common belief that one would live among the gods, while the other was among the dead. The figure of Tyndareus may have entered their tradition to explain their archaic name Tindaridai in Spartan inscriptions or in literature Tyndaridai, [8] in turn occasioning incompatible accounts of their parentage. Castor and Pollux are sometimes both mortal, sometimes both divine. One consistent point is that if only one of them is immortal, it is Pollux. In Homer’s Iliad , Helen looks down from the walls of Troy and wonders why she does not see her brothers among the Achaeans. The narrator remarks that they are both already dead and buried back in their homeland of Lacedaemon, thus suggesting that at least in some early traditions, both were mortal. Their death and shared immortality offered by Zeus was material of the lost Cypria in the Epic cycle . The Dioscuri were regarded as helpers of humankind and held to be patrons of travellers and of sailors in particular, who invoked them to seek favourable winds. [9] Their role as horsemen and boxers also led to them being regarded as the patrons of athletes and athletic contests. [10] They characteristically intervened at the moment of crisis, aiding those who honoured or trusted them. [11] Classical sources Pair of Roman statuettes (3rd century AD) depicting the Dioscuri as horsemen, with their characteristic skullcaps ( Metropolitan Museum of Art ) Ancient Greek authors tell a number of versions of the story of Castor and Pollux. Homer portrays them initially as ordinary mortals, treating them as dead in the Iliad (“…there are two commanders I do not see,/Castor the horse breaker and the boxer/Polydeuces, my brothers…”— Helen , Iliad 3.253-255 ), but in the Odyssey they are treated as alive even though “the corn-bearing earth holds them.” The author describes them as “having honour equal to gods,” living on alternate days due to the intervention of Zeus. In both the Odyssey and in Hesiod , they are described as the sons of Tyndareus and Leda. In Pindar , Pollux is the son of Zeus while Castor is the son of the mortal Tyndar	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,139	Which twice-made movie features the villain Max Cady?	Why Was Robert De Niro's Max Cady Such a Terrifying Villain? Comment Think back to the original Cape Fear from 1962, with silver screen greats Gregory Peck and Robert Mitchum as the leads. The movie was the pinnacle of suspense in the early 60s’ (except Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho) with Mitchum’s Max Cady being the epitome of creepy. His sole intent was to terrorize the family of his former lawyer Sam Bowden, and succeeding, until Bowden pulls a gun and ends the reign of terror without further conflict. Bowden lives happily ever after, Cady goes back to prison, the end. Territory like that was only beginning to be approached in the early 60s’, and viewers were legitimately disturbed by the film’s content; in the era of creature-features and sock hops, the scariest monster was the human one. However, come 1991, the true definition of the human monster was returned to the big screen when Martin Scorcese brought back Cape Fear with Nick Nolte as Bowden and Robert De Niro as Cady. The remake took the extra steps that the original couldn’t, and as a result, the film was much grittier and darker as De Niro’s Cady stole the show with a very terrifying interpretation. “Granddaddy used to handle snakes in church, Granny drank strychnine. I guess you could say I had a leg up, genetically speaking.” – Cady De Niro’s Cady was the perfect villainous specimen. He was lean and muscled from his time in prison, heavily tattooed, eloquently spoken, and (go figure) his heavy Southern accent was both charming and unsettling. But the most unsettling aspect was his intensity. Cady came out of prison a hardened convict bent on revenge. He wanted recompense for the lost years that he received courtesy of Bowden and he wasn’t afraid to cross that line. That’s what defines De Niro’s Cady as a villain. He wasn’t above invading the Bowdens. He invaded them personally, emotionally, mentally, and literally. He invaded their sense of peace, their security, their privacy, and even went as far as seducing Sam’s teenage daughter. He raped their sense of normalcy and forever changed their lives. He was a plague who made your skin crawl just by looking at him. The above clip is from the film’s climactic battle on board the Bowden family’s houseboat. As made obvious, De Niro’s Cady is nothing short of delightfully deranged. Of course, as made obvious in the film, Cady is also an idealist, and when an individual is on a warpath in the name of those ideals others would be hard pressed convincing them that what they are doing isn’t right. More from Horror Movies 12/27 - ‘Resident Evil: The Final Chapter’ Clips Brings On the Zombies Of course, that doesn’t mean we didn’t enjoy De Niro’s Cady. His performance made the film. Only De Niro could properly perform a character as psychotic as Cady. His performance was so in depth that he even playfully tormented Scorcese while in character. De Niro was committed to the role, going as far as having a dentist alter his teeth for the role as well as study the “Southern dialect” by recording a bunch of Southern people talking into a mic. Somehow, someway, everything in the South only adds an element of terror in films. With that being said, smart, ripped, tatted, Southern, and just outright psychotic, De Niro’s Cady is the epitome of a horror villain. He was nominated for an Oscar for his role as Cady, and that’s wasn’t for nothing. Weigh in below on your take of De Niro’s performance as Cady in Cape Fear.	You Only Live Twice (1967) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error You Only Live Twice ( 1967 ) Approved \| Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. Director: Harold Jack Bloom (additional story material), Roald Dahl (screenplay) Stars: From $10.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 23 titles created 05 Mar 2013 a list of 24 images created 25 Jul 2014 a list of 23 titles created 10 Dec 2014 a list of 26 titles created 29 Dec 2015 a list of 26 titles created 3 months ago Title: You Only Live Twice (1967) 6.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. Another 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards » Videos James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. Director: Terence Young A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. Director: Guy Hamilton James Bond woos a mob boss's daughter and goes undercover to uncover the true reason for Blofeld's allergy research in the Swiss Alps that involves beautiful women from around the world. Director: Peter R. Hunt James Bond willingly falls into an assassination ploy involving a naive Russian beauty in order to retrieve a Soviet encryption device that was stolen by SPECTRE. Director: Terence Young Investigating a gold magnate's smuggling, James Bond uncovers a plot to contaminate the Fort Knox gold reserve. Director: Guy Hamilton 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. Director: Guy Hamilton A resourceful British government agent seeks answers in a case involving the disappearance of a colleague and the disruption of the American space program. Director: Terence Young James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. Director: Guy Hamilton James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. Director: Lewis Gilbert Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. Director: John Glen James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. Director: Lewis Gilbert A fake Fabergé egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. Director: John Glen Edit Storyline When an American space capsule is swallowed up by what they believe to be a Russian spaceship, World War 3 nearly breaks out. The British Government, however, suspect that other powers are at work as the space craft went down near Japan. S.P.E.C.T.R.E. is the force behind the theft, as James Bond discovers, but its motives are far from clear, and he must first find out where the captured space capsule is held before America and Russia initiate another world war. Written by Graeme Roy <gsr@cbmamiga.demon.co.uk> You Only Live Twice...and "TWICE" is the only way to live! See more » Genres: 13 June 1967 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Ian Fleming's You Only Live Twice See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The primary reason for converting the Toyota 2000GT coupes into convertibles was Sean Connery 's height; he was simply too tall to fit into the GT which was notoriously too small for anyone over 5'8". Connery's heigh	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,140	Sometimes called a beaver dam, what is the more customary name for a beaver’s home?	Beaver, Castor canadensis, damage management and control information None are registered. Trapping The use of traps in most situations where beavers are causing damage is the most effective, practical, and environmentally safe method of control. The effectiveness of any type of trap for beaver control is dependent on the trapper’s knowledge of beaver habits, food preferences, ability to read beaver signs, use of the proper trap, and trap placement. A good trapper with a dozen traps can generally trap all the beavers in a given pond (behind one dam) in a week of trap nights. Obviously in a large watershed with several colonies, more trapping effort will be required. Most anyone with trapping experience and some outdoor “savvy” can become an effective beaver trapper in a short time. In an area where beavers are common and have not been exposed to trapping, anyone experienced in trapping can expect good success. Additional expertise and improved techniques will be gained through experience. A variety of trapping methods and types of traps are effective for beavers, depending on the situation. Fish and wildlife agency regulations vary from state to state. Some types of traps and trapping methods, although effective and legal in some states, may be prohibited by law in other states. Individual state regulations must be reviewed annually before beginning a trapping program. In some states where beavers have become serious economic pests, special regulations and exemptions have been passed to allow for increased control efforts. For example, some states allow trapping and snaring of beavers and other control measures throughout the year. Others, however, prohibit trapping except during established fur trapping seasons. Some states allow exemptions for removal of beavers only on lands owned or controlled by persons who are suffering losses. In some states a special permit is required from the state fish and wildlife agency. Of the variety of traps commonly allowed for use in beaver control, the Conibear® type, No. 330, is one of the most effective (Fig. 8). Not all trappers will agree that this type of trap is the most effective; however, it is the type most commonly used by professional trappers and others who are principally trapping beavers. This trap kills beavers almost instantly. When properly set, the trap also prevents any escape by a beaver, regardless of its size. Designed primarily for water use, it is equally effective in deep and shallow water. Only one trap per site is generally necessary, thus reducing the need for extra traps. The trap exerts tremendous pressure and impact when tripped. Appropriate care must be exercised when setting and placing the trap. Care should also be taken when using the Conibear® type traps in urban and rural areas where pets (especially dogs) roam free. Use trap sets where the trap is placed completely underwater. Some additional equipment will be useful: an axe, hatchet, or large cutting tool; hip boots or waders; wire; and wire cutters. With the Conibear®-type trap, some individuals use a device or tool called “setting tongs.” Others use a piece of 3/8- or 1/2-inch (9- or 13mm) nylon rope. Most individuals who are experienced with these traps use only their hands. Regardless of the techniques used to set the trap, care should be exercised. Earlier models of the Conibear® type of trap came with round, heavy steel coils which were dangerous to handle unless properly used in setting the trap. They are not necessary to safely set the trap. However, the two safety hooks, one on each spring, must be carefully handled as each spring is depressed, as well as during trap placement. On newer models an additional safety catch (not attached to the springs) is included for extra precaution against inadvertent spring release. The last step before leaving a set trap is to lift the safety hook attached to each spring and slide the safety hook back from the trap toward the spring eye, making sure to keep hands and feet safely away from the center of the trap. If the extra (unattached) safety cat	TV and Movies A Penny For Your Thoughts TV and Movies No one probably reads this page.....except for you and the last person.....lol Frostbite Falls, Minnesota, was home to Rocky and Bullwinkle. Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), the first film featuring the character Indiana Jones, was crawling with four-, eight-, and no-legged creatures: - Number of boas, cobras and pythons used in the film: 7,500 - Number of tarantulas: 50 - Source of the name "Indiana Jones": it was the name of producer George Lucas' pet Malamute. The first ever televised murder case appeared on TV in 1955, Dec. 5-9. The accused was Harry Washburn. Twentieth Century-Fox studio cut all scenes showing physical contact between America's curly-haired darling Shirley Temple and Bill "Bojangles" Robinson in "The Little Colonel" in 1934 to avoid social offense and to assure wide U.S. distribution. Pre-release showings of the film, particularly in the southern U.S., shocked audiences when the two actors touched fingers during their famous staircase dance sequence. Beaver Cleaver graduated in 1953. On Beaver Cleaver's US tour, he visited Albuquerque on a Tuesday. Muppets creator Jim Henson first created Kermit in 1955 - as a lizard. He was made from Henson's mother's coat and two halves of a Ping-Pong ball (no flipper feet or eleven-point collar). The person who performs the Muppets - Miss Piggy, Fozzie, Animal, and Grover is Frank Oz. Oz is also the voice of Star Wars Yoda. By the way, his real name is Frank Oznowicz. The 1997 Jack Nicholson film - "As Good As It Gets", is known in China as "Mr. Cat Poop". Of the six men who made up the Three Stooges, three of them were real brothers (Moe, Curly and Shemp.) The writers of The Simpsons have never revealed what state Springfield is in. A theater manager in Seoul, Korea felt that The Sound of Music was too long, so he shortened it by cutting out all the songs. Bruce was the nickname of the mechanical shark used in the "Jaws" movies. The original title of the musical "Hello Dolly!" was "Dolly: A Damned Exasperating Woman." Why did they change it? The original had such music, poetry, and pizzazz. Donald Duck comics were banned from Finland because he doesn't wear pants. A two hour motion picture uses 10,800 feet of film. Not including the previews and commercials. For many years, the globe on the NBC Nightly News spun in the wrong direction. On January 2, 1984, NBC finally set the world spinning back in the proper direction. In the Mario Brothers movie, the Princess' first name is Daisy, but in Mario 64, the game, her first name is Peach. Before that, it's Princess Toadstool. "60 Minutes" is the only show on CBS that doesn’t have a theme song. Dooley Wilson appeared as Sam in the movie Casablanca. Dooley was a drummer - not a pianist in real life. The man who really played the piano in Casablanca was a Warner Brothers staff musician who was at a piano off camera during the filming. The TV sitcom Seinfeld was originally named "The Seinfeld Chronicles". The pilot which was broadcast in 1989 also featured a kooky neighbor named Kessler. This character later became known as Kramer. In the movie 'Now and Then', when the girls are talking to the hippie (Brenden Fraser), and they get up to leave, Teeny (Thora Birch) puts out her cigarette twice. In Hitchcock’s movie, "Rear Window", Jimmy Stewart plays a character wearing a leg cast from the waist down. In one scene, the cast switches legs, and in another, the signature on the cast is missing. In the movie "Two Jakes," which is set in the 1940's, Jack Nicholson walks right by a B	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,141	Which Member of The SDP failed to win the 1981 Warrington By-Election?	Labour Party (UK) \| Wiki \| Everipedia You can edit something on the page right now! Register today, it's fast and free. Labour Party (UK) Keir Hardie , one of the Labour Party's founders and its first leader Labour Party 27 February 1900; 116 years ago (1900-02-27) [2] Headquarters Social democracy The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom . [4] [5] [6] [7] Growing out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the nineteenth century, the Labour Party has been described as a " broad church ", encompassing a diversity of ideological trends from strongly socialist to moderately social democratic . Founded in 1900, the Labour Party overtook the Liberal Party as the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and from 1929 to 1931 . Labour later served in the wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after which it formed a majority government under Clement Attlee . Labour was also in government from 1964 to 1970 under Harold Wilson and from 1974 to 1979 , first under Wilson and then James Callaghan . The Labour Party was last in government from 1997 to 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , beginning with a landslide majority of 179, reduced to 167 in 2001 and 66 in 2005 . Having won 232 seats in the 2015 general election , the party is the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . Labour is the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , the third largest party in the Scottish Parliament and has twenty MEPs in the European Parliament , sitting in the Socialists and Democrats Group. The party also organises in Northern Ireland , but does not contest elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly . The Labour Party is a full member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in the Socialist International . In September 2015, Jeremy Corbyn was elected Leader of the Labour Party . History Founding The Labour Party's origins lie in the late 19th century, when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat, a demographic which had increased in number and had recently been given franchise . [8] Some members of the trades union movement became interested in moving into the political field, and after further extensions of the voting franchise in 1867 and 1885, the Liberal Party endorsed some trade-union sponsored candidates. The first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, with the intention of linking the movement to political policies. Among these were the Independent Labour Party , the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society , the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party . In the 1895 general election , the Independent Labour Party put up 28 candidates but won only 44,325 votes. Keir Hardie , the leader of the party, believed that to obtain success in parliamentary elections, it would be necessary to join with other left-wing groups. Hardie's roots as a lay preacher contributed to an ethos in the party which led to the comment by 1950s General Secretary Morgan Phillips that "Socialism in Britain owed more to Methodism than Marx". Labour Representation Committee In 1899, a Doncaster member of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants , Thomas R. Steels, proposed in his union branch that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together all left-wing organisations and form them into a single body that would sponsor Parliamentary candidates. The motion was passed at all stages by the TUC, and the proposed conference was held at the Memorial Hall on Farringdon Street on 26 and 27 February 1900. The meeting was attended by a broad spectrum of working-class and left-wing organisations—trades unions represented about one third of the membership of the TUC delegates. [9] After a debate, the 129 delegates passed Hard	Samantha Cameron - Business Leader - Biography.com Samantha Cameron Samantha Cameron is businesswoman and the wife of British Prime Minister David Cameron. IN THESE GROUPS Famous British People Synopsis Samantha Cameron was born on April 18, 1971, in North Lincolnshire, England, and is a descendant of King Charles II. Well educated and successful in her business career, Cameron was already a rising star when she met and married her husband, David Cameron, who became the country's Prime Minister in 2010. Early Life Samantha Cameron, was born Samantha Gwendoline Sheffield on April 18, 1971, in North Lincolnshire, England. She is the elder of two daughters born to Sir Reginald Adrian Berkeley Sheffield, 8th Baronet, a descendant of King Charles II, and Annabel Lucy Veronica Jones. She is a distant cousin of Diana, Princess of Wales . Following her parents' divorce, Cameron's mother married William Waldorf Astor, 4th Viscount Astor. Cameron attended the School of St. Helen and St. Katherine, a private school for girls in Oxfordshire, and later took courses at the co-ed Marlborough College in Wiltshire. She studied at Camberwell College of Arts, and went on to study at the University of the West of England's School of Creative Arts. Family and Professional Career Cameron married her husband, David, a member of the Conservative Party, on June 1, 1996, in Oxfordshire, and they have had four children together. Their first child, Ivan, died at age 6 from a combination of cerebral palsy and a form of severe epilepsy. "I think that ever since the day I met Dave, he has obviously taken his job very seriously and he loves politics," Cameron said of her husband, according to a March 2010 article in The Telegraph. "I think so much of the Dave that I first met and fell in love with is Dave the politician." Before her husband became Britain's prime minister, Cameron was a successful business executive—the creative director of Smythson of Bond Street, a London-based British manufacturer of luxury stationery, leather goods and fashion products. Having been with the company for 14 years, Cameron is said to have contributed in large part to improving Smythson's image, establishing the company as a fashionable and popular brand. Her work with the company won her a British Glamour Magazine Award in 2009 for "Best Accessory Designer." On May 13, 2010—just two days after her husband was elected prime minister—Cameron announced that she was stepping down from her full-time executive role and that she would be taking on a part-time consultancy role. Cameron attributed her decision to a new pregnancy, as well as the difficulty that followed the death of her eldest son, Ivan, in February 2009. "I look forward to my changed role and balancing it with my new day-to-day life, as well as being able to spend more time with my children," Cameron told the BBC in May 2010. Cameron had also worked for a time as the spokesperson for Taiwanese fashion house Shiatzy Chen and does charity work a variety of nonprofits. In late 2015 it was announced that Cameron would also appear on the 2016 installment of popular BBC1 television program The Great British Bake Off. On June 24, 2016, Cameron stood by her husband as he gave an emotional speech announcing his resignation, following the United Kingdom's historic vote to leave the European Union. Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! Citation Information	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,142	In 1922, the magazine The American Girl suggested selling what for fund-raising?	Girls Scout Cookies Girls Scout Cookies Start Your Fundraising Journey Here Believe it or not, Girl Scout cookies can actually be found in the dictionary. This is what the dictionary calls it: A Girl Scout cookie is one of several varieties of cookie. They were sold on neighborhood tours by Girl Scouts of the USA as a fundraiser for their organization. Cookies have become a world wide frenzy. The history of how they came to be is very interesting. In 1922 the American Girl magazine suggested cookie sales as a fundraiser and provided recipes. It was 1933 in Philadelphia, when the first official sale took place. In 1936 they licensed the recipes out so that companies could mass produce them. The girls scouts would usually sell to their relatives and friends. Then they would walk around town to visit people's houses and take their order by paper, just like they do today. As an incentive to sell more cookies, the councils would offer different prizes. The prizes would differ from council to council, but popular prizes were stuffed animals, coupons and uniforms. Today the prizes have grown to scholarships, family trips and other large prizes. For every box sold, the Girl Scout council receives around 40-60 cents. This adds up to millions for the council, and this allows for the council to put the money back into the girl scouts. There are many critics of the cookies. They believe that they are too fatty, and help spread the obese epidemic that has taken over this country. A way that the council helped to dismiss these remarks was to create sugar free and fat free cookies. Not only are these cookies better for us, but they also taste just as good. There are fourteen different types of cookies today: 1. Thin Mints 2. Do-si-dos 3. Trefoils 4. Tagalongs 5. Samoas 6. Golden Yangles 7. Lemon Coolers 8. Lemon Pastry Cremes 9. Thanks-a-lots 10. Allabouts 11. Cartwheels 12. Caf? cookies 13. Classic Cremes 14. Double Dutch Out of these fourteen cookies, four of them are either reduced fat, fat free, or sugar free. Whether you are a lover or critic, there is no denying the popularity of these cookies. With each bite you take, you are sent back into a different time where life was easy and slow. The Top No Upfront Cost Fundraisers in America	Barbara Cartland Barbara Cartland Sitemap Barbara Cartland book Dame (Mary) Barbara Hamilton Cartland, DBE, CStJ (9 July 1901 – 21 May 2000), was an English author, one of the most prolific authors of the 20th century. As Barbara Cartland she is known for her numerous romantic novels, but she also wrote under her married name Barbara McCorquodale. She also became one of London's most prominent society figures and one of Britain's most popular media personalities, appearing often at public events and on television, dressed in her trademark pink and discoursing on love, health, and social and political issues. She is widely regarded as having originated the phrase: "I'm bringing sexy back", as popularised by singer Justin Timberlake. Barbara Cartland is the sixth most translated writer Worldwide , and the third best selling, only William Shakespeare, and Agatha Christie have outsold her. After a year as a gossip columnist for the Daily Express, Cartland published her first novel, Jigsaw (1923), a risqué society thriller that became a bestseller. She also began writing and producing somewhat racy plays, one of which, Blood Money (1926), was banned by the Lord Chamberlain's Office. In the 1920s and 1930s Cartland was a prominent young hostess in London society, noted for her beauty, energetic charm and daring parties. Her fashion sense also had a part and she was one of the first clients of designer Norman Hartnell, remaining a client until he died in 1979. He made her presentation and wedding dresses; the latter was made to her own design against Hartnell's wishes and she admitted it was a failure. Cartland's image as a self-appointed 'expert' on romance drew some ridicule in her later years, when her social views became more conservative. Indeed, although her first novels were considered sensational, Cartland's later (and arguably most popular) titles were comparatively tame with virginal heroines and few, if any, suggestive situations. Almost all of Cartland's later books were historical in theme, which allowed for the believability of chastity (at least, to many of her audience). Despite their tame story lines, Barbara Cartland's later novels were highly successful. By 1983 she rated the longest entry in the British Who's Who (though most of that article was a list of her books), and was named the top-selling author in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records. In the mid-1990s, by which time she had sold over a billion books, Vogue magazine called her "the true Queen of Romance". She became a mainstay of the popular media in her trademark pink dresses and plumed hats, discoursing on matters of love, marriage, politics, religion, health, and fashion. She was publicly opposed to the removal of prayer from state schools and spoke against infidelity and divorce, although she admitted to being acquainted with both of these moral failings. In 1983 Cartland wrote 23 novels, and holds the Guiness World Record for the most novels written in a single year.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,143	What title is used in Scotland for the chief magistrate or convener of a burgh council, the equivalent of a mayor in other parts of the English speaking world?	The Closes of Haddington by Lilian Main - issuu issuu THE CLOSES OF HADDINGTON A WALKING TOUR: Through the backstreets of History 2 Think before you bin this guide! After reading, pass it on to someone else who might find it useful, or recycle it. For electronic copies visit www.visitscotland.com/info/ towns-villages/east-lothian This booklet provides brief histories of the historic closes of Haddington. Each close is connected with a theme that expresses an aspect of cultural or historical life– they are colour coded and correspond with the map that comes as the jacket cover of this booklet. Remember, this only provides a brief snapshot of the burgh- please take your time to explore, experience and enjoy the town of Haddington- we’re sure you’ll keep returning for more! “HADDINGTON IS ONE OF THE SEMI-SECRET JEWELS OF SCOTL AND.” SIR ALISTAIR GRANT WELCOME TO HADDINGTON The Royal Burgh of Haddington, county town of East Lothian, with its medieval ‘herringbone’ street plan and Georgian architecture is centrally positioned in a county famous for agriculture. Nestling beneath the Garleton Hills on the banks of the River Tyne, Haddington is only 17 miles from Edinburgh. Haddington has been a settlement from early times, having been established as a royal burgh in the 12th century during the reign of King David I. It reached the peak of its prosperity in the 18th and early 19th centuries as a major market town. As you would expect of a burgh that is over 800 years old, it has many places of historic and architectural interest. Through this guide however, Haddington’s closes are used to serve as a fresh approach to the telling of Haddington’s history, uncovering stories of some of the town’s lesser known figures. page 8 ROUGHEAD CLOSE 5 While all the closes have historical significance, many have drastically changed or even disappeared over time. A great deal of change has occurred throughout the 19th century, as older dilapidated properties were replaced, creating the townscape much as we see it today. 6 A short history of Haddington Haddington has been a settlement from early times. There are many different explanations as to where the name Haddington came from. In the 5th century, Haden was a Saxon Chief. In Anglo-Saxon, Hadin-tin means ‘town of ordination or holy order’ and in Gaelic - heuedinge-town means ‘princes -town’. Today, almost 9000 people call Haddington home and it is recognised by many as one the most attractive, unspoilt market towns in Scotland. Haddington was established as a royal burgh in the 12th century during the reign of King David I, giving the town important trading privileges. Haddington became an important agricultural market town however when the main railway line by-passed the town, the trade of the burgh was reduced and a period of decline set in. After WWII, the town began to expand and the older part of the town was recognised as a conservation area. 7 Etching of Haddington in 1693, By John Slezer Before we get too up close and personal, letâ€™s first establish a few definitions: CLOSE: An entrance to a tenement, also sometimes providing access to the rear of the building. There is often a gate at the front entrance which is closed at night. WYND: A thoroughfare, open from end to end, often going up or down hill between high buildings, and linking streets at different levels. COURT: A courtyard surrounded on all sides by buildings. LAN D: A tenement block of flats. V ENNE L : A lane or passageway between the gables of two buildings P END : The original Scots word for a covered passageway through a building 8 OPERA CLOSE OPERA CLOSE The origins of the name Opera Close are rooted in Haddingtonâ€™s colourful history of musical performance... 9 Cast of the first performance of The Mikado. The Margaret Pringle Collection, The John Gray Centre THE HADDINGTON AMATEUR OPERATIC SOCIETY Mr Ewen was not only an opera The Haddington Amateur buff, but also a pioneering Operatic Society was Scottish Aviator. In 1911 he formed in 1910 after became the first person to cross the Fir	My Questions - Documents Documents Share My Questions Embed <iframe src="http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html" width="750" height="600" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html" title="My Questions" target="_blank">My Questions</a></div> size(px) Download My Questions Transcript Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line "Stick a pony in me pocket"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show "A Question Of Sport"? Which "Generation Game" presenter was famous for his catchphrase "Shut That Door"? "No Mean City" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as "La Cosa Nostra"? What was the Titanic’s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series "Just Good Friends"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film "The Karate Kid"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means "empty orchestra"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers David Coleman Larry Grayson Taggart The Royle Family Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy True (there is no gravity, so tears cannot flow) The Simpsons Teddy Bear Alabama Minotaur The Netherlands The Bismark The Mafia Cherbourg Ben Nevis The Net Toy Story 2 Paul Nicholas "The Lion King" The Adder 28 Martin Luther King's York Manager of the Spice Girls Cupid Using chopsticks to do it Jaws (in two James Bond films) Dixon - the others are Santa's reindeer Mercury Diet Coke Karaoke October 31st Hammerstein On 11th February 1990, which fam	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,144	Name the venue for the first Winter Olympic Games, held in 1924 ?	First Winter Olympics - Jan 25, 1924 - HISTORY.com First Winter Olympics Publisher A+E Networks On January 25, 1924, the first Winter Olympics take off in style at Chamonix in the French Alps. Spectators were thrilled by the ski jump and bobsled as well as 12 other events involving a total of six sports. The “International Winter Sports Week,” as it was known, was a great success, and in 1928 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially designated the Winter Games, staged in St. Moritz, Switzerland, as the second Winter Olympics. Five years after the birth of the modern Olympics in 1896, the first organized international competition involving winter sports was staged in Sweden. Called the Nordic Games, only Scandinavian countries competed. Like the Olympics, it was staged thereon every four years but always in Sweden. In 1908, figure skating made its way into the Summer Olympics in London, though it was not actually held until October, some three months after the other events were over. In 1911, the IOC proposed the staging of a separate winter competition for the 1912 Stockholm Games, but Sweden, wanting to protect the popularity of the Nordic Games, declined. Germany planned a Winter Olympics to precede the 1916 Berlin Summer Games, but World War I forced the cancellation of both. At the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, ice hockey joined figure skating as an official Olympic event, and Canada took home the first of many hockey gold medals. Soon after, an agreement was reached with Scandinavians to stage the IOC-sanctioned International Winter Sports Week. It was so popular among the 16 participating nations that, in 1925, the IOC formally created the Winter Olympics, retroactively making Chamonix the first. In Chamonix, Scandinavians dominated the speed rinks and slopes, and Norway won the unofficial team competition with 17 medals. The United States came in third, winning its only gold medal with Charles Jewtraw’s victory in the 500-meter speed-skating event. Canada won another hockey gold, scoring 110 goals and allowing just three goals in five games. Of the nearly 300 athletes, only 13 were women, and they only competed in the figure-skating events. Austrian Helene Engelmann won the pairs competition with Alfred Berger, and Austrian Herma Planck Szabo won the women’s singles. The Olympics offered a particular boost to skiing, a sport that would make enormous strides within the next decade. At Chamonix, Norway won all but one of the nine skiing medals. Related Videos	Vancouver 2010 Olympic Games \| Britannica.com Vancouver 2010 Olympic Games Alternative Title: XXI Olympic Winter Games Related Topics Hayley Wickenheiser officially XXI Olympic Winter Games, The XXI Olympic Winter Games opened in Vancouver, B.C., Can., on Feb. 12 and closed on Feb. 28, 2010. To celebrate the Games, Britannica is pleased to offer a broad selection of information on Vancouver and the Olympics, including a video highlighting the city’s history and geography; an interactive map of the Olympic venues; a brief history of the Winter Olympic Games and past Canadian Games, with tables featuring International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidents, sites of the Olympic Games through the years, and medal winners of 2006; a colourful photo gallery; and daily highlights of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. Official logo of the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games. The logo is an interpretation of an … TM/MC and © IOC All Rights Reserved. A snowboarder soaring past the Olympic rings during the opening ceremony of the 2010 Winter Games … Michael Kappeler—AFP/Getty Images Vancouver’s Olympic quest began in 1998, when the Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) selected the city over Calgary and Quebec for Canada’s bid to host the 2010 Winter Games. The bid was technically a joint venture between Vancouver and the Coast Mountains resort town of Whistler, which lies about 70 miles (110 km) north of Vancouver and was the proposed site of most of the Games’ skiing and sliding events. The Vancouver bid to host the Games was shortlisted along with those from Bern , Switz., P’yŏngyang , N.Kor., and Salzburg , Austria , in August 2002. Bern withdrew its bid one month later after a referendum indicated that most Bern voters did not want to pay for the Games. On July 2, 2003, the final vote of the IOC was held in Prague . In the first round of balloting, P’yŏngyang captured 51 votes, while Vancouver trailed in second place with 40 and Salzburg received 16. Salzburg was eliminated for the second round of voting, which Vancouver won 56 to 53, bringing the Olympic Games to Canada for a third time (Montreal had hosted in 1976 and Calgary in 1988). Vancouver City Information Olympic Games: Vancouver, Canada, 2010 Vancouver was originally a small sawmilling settlement, called Granville in the 1870s. It was incorporated as a city in April 1886 (just before it became the western terminus of the first trans-Canada railway, the Canadian Pacific) and was renamed to honour the English navigator George Vancouver , of the Royal Navy, who had explored and surveyed the coast in 1792. In 1929 two large suburbs to the south, Point Grey and South Vancouver, amalgamated with Vancouver, and its metropolitan area became the third most populous in Canada. By the 1930s Vancouver was Canada’s major Pacific coast port. After World War II it developed into Canada’s main business hub for trade with Asia and the Pacific Rim. An introduction to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, with a focus on its history and geography. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. For more Britannica coverage, see Vancouver . Notable Events from the Vancouver Winter Games February 12: Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili died after crashing during a practice run hours before the Vancouver Olympic Games were set to open. Technical difficulties caused delays at the opening ceremonies—the first Olympic opening ceremonies held indoors—which featured Canadian Olympic greats such as skier Nancy Greene , ice hockey player Wayne Gretzky , and basketball player Steve Nash . February 13: Simon Ammann of Switzerland was awarded the first gold medal of the Vancouver Olympics after winning the normal hill ski jumping event. Slovakia’s Anastazia Kuzmina won the first Winter Olympic gold medal in her country’s history by scoring a surprise victory in the women’s 7.5-km biathlon sprint. Short-track speed skater Apolo Ohno took the silver medal in the men’s 1,500-metre race, which was his sixth career Olympic medal, tying speed skater Bonnie Blair ’s record for the most career Winter Olympics medals won by an American.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,145	Which Italian university was founded circa 1088?	Top 10 Oldest Universities Around the World Top 10 Oldest Universities Around the World by Ejaz Khan The word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, roughly meaning “community of teachers and scholars”. The term was coined by the Italian University of Bologna, which, with a traditional founding date of 1088, is considered the first university. The following list of ten oldest universities in the world shows, through their brief histories and trend. Here is a list of the Top 10 oldest universities in the world which are in continuous operation. 10. University of Valladolid (Valladolid, Spain, Founded in 1241) University of Valladolid, Salamanca, Spain and Canary Islands The University of Valladolid is a public university in the city of Valladolid, province of Valladolid, in the autonomous region of Castile-Leon, Spain. The university currently has 31,780 undergraduate students and more than 2,000 teachers. At 10th position among the oldest universities in the world, The University of Valladolid (UVa) is a Spanish public university founded in 1241 as removal of studies at the University of Palencia, founded by Alfonso VIII of Castile, between 1208 and 1212. He is currently responsible for teaching higher education in seven campuses distributed through four cities of Castile and Leon: Valladolid, Palencia, Soria and Segovia. One hypothesis is that its foundation is the result of the transfer of Palencia General Survey between 1208 and 1241 by Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, and Bishop Tello Téllez de Meneses. 9. University of Siena (Siena, Italy, Founded in 1240) University of Siena in Arezzo, Italy The University of Siena in Siena, Tuscany is one of the oldest universities and first publicly funded universities in Italy. Originally called Studium Senese, the University of Siena was founded in 1240. The University had around 20,000 students in 2006 nearly half of Siena’s total population of around 54,000. Today, the University of Siena is best known for its Schools of Law and Medicine. Originally called Studium Senese, was founded by Commune of Siena in 1240. In 1321, the studium was able to attract a larger number or pupils due to a mass exodus from the prestigious neighbouring University of Bologna. Closed temporarily in 1808–1815 when Napoleonic forces occupied Tuscany. On November 7, 1990 the university celebrated its 750th anniversary. 8. University of Toulouse (Toulouse, France, Founded in 1229) Université Toulouse 1 Capitole – The Oldest Universities The Université de Toulouse is a consortium of French universities, grandes écoles and other institutions of higher education and research, named after one of the earliest universities established in Europe in 1229, and including the successor universities to that earlier university. This article describes the institutions that have been called the “Université de Toulouse”. The formation of the University of Toulouse was imposed on Count Raymond VII as a part of the Treaty of Paris in 1229 ending the crusade against the Albigensians. As he was suspected of sympathizing with the heretics, Raymond VII had to finance the teaching of theology. Bishop Foulques de Toulouse was among the founders of the University. Among its first lecturers were: Jean de Garlande, Roland of Cremona. Other faculties (law, medicine) were added later. Initially, the University was located in the center of the city, together with the ancestors of student residences, the colleges. 7. University of Naples Federico II (Naples, Italy, Founded in 1224) The University of Naples Federico II is maybe one of the the oldest universities Founded by Frederick II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The University of Naples Federico II is a university located in Naples, Italy. It was founded in 1224 and is organized into 13 faculties. It is the world’s oldest state university and one of the oldest academic institutions in continuous operation. The university is named after its founder Frederick II. The University of Naples Federico II was founded by emperor of the Holy Roman Emp	Top 10 Oldest Universities in the World: Ancient Colleges List of Smallest Ranked Colleges and Universities Top 10 Oldest Universities in the World: Ancient Colleges Unfortunately, the U.S. will never boast a medieval university, as this country’s origins, established in 1776 with the Declaration of Independence, were formed when the oldest university in the world already was about nine centuries old. If you’re interested, we do have a list of the oldest universities in the U.S. , by accreditation year. The following list of ten oldest universities in the world shows, through their brief histories, a trend: The university as an autonomous self-governing institution first was developed as religious institutions (madrasahs) that originated in the medieval Islamic world. But, Europe did not fall far behind these Islamic developments, as Italy founded its first university approximately two centuries after the first university developed in Morocco. The last university on this list, the University of Padua in Italy, was founded in 1222 — 270 years before Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue in 1492. This list is compiled of extant universities, although a few of them closed for brief periods from the effects of war or local disputes. On the whole, the European universities on this list have expanded their campuses and enjoy high rankings in the world today. The list below is compiled in order of the university’s founding. University of Al-Karaouine : Located in Fes, Morocco, this university originally was a mosque founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri, a woman. It developed into one of the leading universities for natural sciences. It wasn’t until 1957 that the university added mathematics, physics, chemistry and foreign languages. This university is considered the oldest continuously-operating degree-granting university in the world by the Guiness Book of World Records . Al-Azhar University : This university, located in Egypt, is the world’s second oldest surviving degree-granting institute. Founded in 970-972, this university serves as a center for Arabic literature and Sunni Islamic learning. Al-Azhar university concentrates upon a religious syllabus, which pays special attention to the Quranic sciences and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad on the one hand, while also teaching all modern fields of science. Nizamiyya : This series of universities was established by Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk in the eleventh century in what is now present-day Iran. The most celebrated of all the Nizamiyya schools is Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad, established in 1065 in Dhu’l Qa’da and that remains operational in Isfahan. But, this was just one of many Nizamiyyah schools — others were located in Nishapur, Amul, Mosul, Herat, Damascus, and Basra. The Nizamiyya schools served as a model for future universities in the region, and al-Mulk often is seen as responsible for a new era of brilliance which caused his schools to eclipse all other contemporary learning institutions. University of Bologna : This university was the first higher-learning institute established in the Western world in 1088. The term, “university,” was coined at its creation. Located in Bologna, Italy, this university led the Western world in educational innovations until the period between the two World Wars. At that time, leaders called upon the university to forge relationships with institutions in more advanced countries to modernize and re-invigorate its educational philosophies. This university met the call and, today, is considered a leader in the European university system. University of Paris : This university’s exact founding is unclear; however, teaching from this university existed since 1096. The university was reorganized as 13 autonomous universities in 1970. Often referred to as the Sorbonne after the College de Sorbonne (founded about 1257), this institute grew up in the latter part of the twelfth century around Notre Dame Cathedral as a corporation centered on the fields of arts, medicine, law and theology. In 1968 the cultural revolution commonly known as “the French May” resulte	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,146	Robert Langdon is the main character of which famous novel published in 2003 ?	Essay on Angel and Demons Book Report - 360 Words Black Angels Book Report Essay ...Black Angels Particulars: Black Angels, a historical fiction book by Linda Beatrice Brown published in 2009 Main Characters: Luke- An 11-year-old slave who escapes hoping to head north and join the Union Army. Daylily- A 9-year-old slave who is freed by her owner while union troops are destroying the town. She runs into the woods with her grandmother and her friend but both her grandmother and friend die leaving her alone in the woods. Caswell- A... 1312 Words \| 3 Pages Fallen Angels Book Report Essay ...Fallen Angels by Walter Dean Myers is about a young black male named Riche Perry from Harlem who enlists in the Vietnam war to try to help his single mother with bills. But due to misfiling he is sent into combat which he is not mentally ready for and does heavy soul searching into the meaning of life and why he is here. The story takes place in Vietnam several months between 1967 and 1968 during the Vietnam war at an American base at Chu Lai in South Vietnam. The narrator of... 1262 Words \| 4 Pages Essay about Book Report Green Angel ...of Encouragement Dear Readers, As I read the story of the Green Angel, I learned that having a painful past is so hard to face. Whenever someone’s asking you to tell him or her about your past you’re always keeping quite. In the story, green never tell her past until she found out that she was in love with diamond. The guy who changed her and to encourage her to tell the real story behind her past. The story of the Green Angel is full of love and the... 1607 Words \| 6 Pages Angels & Demons from Book to Film Essay ...Miranda Lows Mrs. Crowell Humanities pd. 2 4/24/11 Senior Analytical Paper Angels & Demons In life there are good and evil forces, sometimes they are one and the same. The novel Angels & Demons, by Dan Brown has little good forces and many evil forces bent on destruction. This novel performed well enough to merit a theatrical adaption, Angels & Demons directed by Ron Howard. While the film... 2617 Words \| 7 Pages Angels and Demons- Dan Brown Essay ...Date: 13th April, 2013 Title: Angels and Demons Author: Dan Brown Source: Novel by same title The novel, "Angels And Demons" by Dan Brown, is a story of when a world renowned scientist was found butally murdered and a proffessor named Robert Langdon is summoned to identify the mysterious symbol scared into his chest. His conclusion is it was the work of the Illuminati, a secret brotherhood presumed extinct for nearly four hundred... 321 Words \| 1 Pages Essay on Analysis of "Angels and Demons" ...massacred by giving artistic works of art for symbology. The novel gains interesting factors from this setting because all the sculptures and churches fit exactly into the characters thoughts and beliefs of where to go next. 3.) The novel "Angels and Demons" is told in the third person. The narrator gives the reader the feeling of being near the characters or even next to them from details and thoughts. It makes them an invisible ghost following the characters... 3043 Words \| 7 Pages Angels and Demons Essay 3 ...Dan Brown, Angels & Demons Sequence «Robert Langdon» - part 1 Annotation From the #1 New York Times bestselling author of The Da Vinci Code comes the explosive thriller that started it all. An ancient secret brotherhood. A devastating new weapon of destruction. An unthinkable target. When world-renowned Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon is summoned to his first assignment to a Swiss research facility to analyze a mysterious symbol–seared into the chest of a... 1970 Words \| 6 Pages Essay on Angels and Demons ...Name: John Doe Period: 1 Date: 3/14/05 Title of the book: Angels and Demons Author: Dan Brown Year original book was published: 2000 Four words to describe the author: Cosmopolitan, Witty, Articulate, Sophisticated Characters in the book: The Hassassin: Strong, Merciless Commander Olivetti: Disciplined, Stubborn The Camerlengo/Janus: Deceitful, Powerful Cardinal Mortati: Fortunate, Patient Robert...	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,147	Which English king was born in Bordeaux in 1367?	Richard II Plantagenet, King of England (1367 - c.1400) - Genealogy Richard II Plantagenet, King of England Also Known As: in Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire, England Cause of death: Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England Immediate Family: Jan 6 1367 - Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France Death: Feb 14 1400 - Pontefract Castle, West Yorkshire, England Parents: Edward of England, KG, Joan of Kent Wife: Anne Bohemia, Isabelle Valois, Princess Child: half brother About Richard II of England "Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed on 30 September 1399. Richard, a son of Edward, the Black Prince, was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III. Richard was the younger brother of Edward of Angoulême; upon the death of this elder brother, Richard—at four years of age—became second in line to the throne after his father. Upon the death of Richard's father prior to the death of Edward III, Richard, by primogeniture, became the first in line for the throne. With Edward III's death the following year, Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten. During Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of councils. Most of the aristocracy preferred this to a regency led by the king's uncle, John of Gaunt, yet Gaunt remained highly influential. The first major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381. The young king played a major part in the successful suppression of this crisis. In the following years, however, the king's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent among the influential, and in 1387 control of government was taken over by a group of aristocrats known as the Lords Appellant. By 1389 Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years governed in relative harmony with his former opponents. In 1397, Richard took his revenge on the appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's "tyranny". In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the king disinherited Gaunt's son, Henry of Bolingbroke, who had previously been exiled. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Claiming initially that his goal was only to reclaim his patrimony, it soon became clear that he intended to claim the throne for himself. Meeting little resistance, Bolingbroke deposed Richard and had himself crowned as King Henry IV. Richard died in captivity in February 1400; he is thought to have been starved to death, though questions remain regarding his final fate. Richard was said to have been tall, good-looking and intelligent. Though probably not insane, as earlier historians used to believe, he may have suffered from what modern psychologists would call a "personality disorder" towards the end of his reign. Less warlike than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War that Edward III had started. He was a firm believer in the royal prerogative, something which led him to restrain the power of the aristocracy, and to rely on a private retinue for military protection instead; in contrast to the fraternal, martial court of his grandfather, he cultivated a refined atmosphere at his court, in which the king was an elevated figure, with art and culture at the centre. Richard's posthumous reputation has to a large extent been shaped by Shakespeare, whose play Richard II portrayed Richard's misrule and his deposition by Bolingbroke as responsible for the fifteenth century Wars of the Roses. Modern historians do not accept this interpretation, while not exonerating Richard from responsibility for his own deposition. Most authorities agree that, even though his policies were not unprecedented or entirely unrealistic, the way in which he carried them out was unacceptable to the political establishment, and this led to his downfall." ========================================================================= Wikipedia links: ========================	#OnThisDay in 1377: King Richard II succeeds King Edward III – Royal Central King Richard II; Photo By English: Anonymous - http://www.archist.com.au/assets/images/Richard_II.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5979094 King Richard II; Photo By English: Anonymous - http://www.archist.com.au/assets/images/Richard_II.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5979094 On June 21, 1377, ten-year-old Prince Richard of England succeeded his grandfather, King Edward III, to become King Richard II. At the time of his death, King Edward was 64 years old and had ruled England for half a century. Prince Richard was born in Bordeaux, in France, on January 6, 1367. He was the younger son of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Joan of Kent, and at the time of his birth, he was third in line to the throne after his father and older brother, Edward of Angouleme. It was presumed by all that it would be many years before he was crowned King, if at all. Richard’s paternal grandfather was the illustrious King Edward III, the warrior King who had led the English army in the Hundred Year’s War. In his heyday, King Edward had secured many spectacular victories in France, most notably at Crécy and Poitiers. But by the late 1360s, the King had begun to slow down and was ready to pass the mantle onto his sons. King Edward III ruled England for 50 years. His oldest son, Richard’s father, was known as the Black Prince owing to the dark colour of his armour and was an experienced military commander. Since 1392, the Black Prince had kept a court in France, serving as the King’s representative in Aquitaine. That was where Prince Richard spent the first few years of his life, with his parents and brother. But by his fourth birthday, things had begun to go seriously wrong for the small royal family. In 1370, the Black Prince contracted dysentery while fighting in Spain. Although he returned hold right away, he never really recovered from the illness, which continued to affect him for half a decade. Less than a year later, his older son Edward came down with the plague and died at the age of five. His death was a devastating blow to his parents, who, along with Richard, returned to England right away. Meanwhile, the King’s wife Queen Philippa had also died. In her absence, the ageing King had begun to rely increasingly on his favourite mistress, Alice Perrers. However, his closest advisors decided that Alice had far too much influence over the King, and she was banished from court. With King Edward unable to run the country and the Black Prince incapacitated by illness, it fell to the King’s younger son, John of Gaunt, to look after the welfare of England. For the last few years of his life, King Edward played a limited role in the affairs of the country. In 1376, the Black Prince succumbed to his long illness, predeceasing his father by a year. On June 21, 1377, the King suffered a stroke and died at Sheen Palace. He was succeeded by his grandson, Richard. He was crowned less than a month later and ruled England for 22 years. At the time of his ascension, Richard was popular with the people, who were excited at the prospect of a new, young King who could revive the glory days of his aged grandfather. However, unlike his ancestors, King Richard was not interested in continuing the war. What started off as a bright reign proved to be filled with challenges. In addition to the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 there was the continuous threat of a French invasion, and after the death of his Queen, King Richard began to exhibit signs of a tyrant, sending his cousin, Henry of Bolingbroke into exile. In 1399, the King was deposed by Bolingbroke, who succeeded him as King Henry IV, and he died in captivity a few months later.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,148	Which Biblical king was the son of David and Bathsheba?	Bathsheba - Wife of King David and Mother of Solomon By Jack Zavada Updated December 21, 2015. The relationship between Bathsheba and King David did not begin well, but she later became his loyal wife and mother of King Solomon , the wisest ruler of Israel. David forced Bathsheba to commit adultery with him while her husband, Uriah the Hittite, was away at war. When she became pregnant, David tried to trick Uriah into sleeping with her so it would look like the child was Uriah's. Uriah refused. David then plotted to have Uriah sent to the front lines of battle and abandoned by his fellow soldiers; Uriah was killed by the enemy. After Bathsheba finished mourning Uriah, David took her for his wife. But David's actions displeased God, and the baby born to Bathsheba died. Bathsheba bore David other sons, most notably Solomon . God so loved Solomon that Nathan the prophet called him Jedidiah, which means "beloved of Jehovah." Bathsheba's Accomplishments: Bathsheba was a faithful wife to David. She was especially loyal to her son Solomon, making sure he followed David as king, even though Solomon was not David's firstborn son. Bathsheba is one of only five women listed in the ancestry of Jesus Christ ( Matthew 1:6 ). Bathsheba's Strengths: Bathsheba was wise and protective. She used her position to ensure both her and Solomon's safety when Adonijah tried to steal the throne. Life Lessons: Women had few rights in ancient times. When King David summoned Bathsheba, she had no choice but to sleep with him. After David had her husband murdered, she had no choice when David took her for his wife. Despite being mistreated, she learned to love David and saw a promising future for Solomon. Often circumstances seem stacked against us , but if we keep our faith in God, we can find meaning in life . God makes sense when nothing else does. Hometown: 2 Samuel 11:1-3, 12:24; 1 Kings 1:11-31, 2:13-19; 1 Chronicles 3:5; Psalm 51:1. Occupation: Queen, wife, mother, counselor of her son Solomon. Family Tree: Husbands - Uriah the Hittite, and King David. Sons - An unnamed son, Solomon, Shammua, Shobab, and Nathan. Key Verses: 2 Samuel 11:2-4 One evening David got up from his bed and walked around on the roof of the palace. From the roof he saw a woman bathing. The woman was very beautiful, and David sent someone to find out about her. The man said, "She is Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam and the wife of Uriah the Hittite." Then David sent messengers to get her. She came to him, and he slept with her. ( NIV ) 2 Samuel 11:26-27 When Uriah's wife heard that her husband was dead, she mourned for him. After the time of mourning was over, David had her brought to his house, and she became his wife and bore him a son. But the thing David had done displeased the LORD. ( NIV ) 2 Samuel 12:24 Then David comforted his wife Bathsheba, and he went to her and made love to her. She gave birth to a son, and they named him Solomon. The LORD loved him; ( NIV )	Famous Kings in History - A Knowledge Archive You are here: Home Famous Famous Kings in History Famous Kings in History Posted on May 22, 2012 by DE \| 0 Comments Both kings and dictators are autocrats- the domineering persons invested with absolute authority, but there is a subtle difference between them. Dictators usually snatch power by force without legal, social, religious or moral backing, whereas kings have a strong backing in all these factors. Therefore, kings are generally bound to behave and act in the best interest of their people. Some of the great historical empires are the Roman, Mongol, Russian, British, Hans, Byzantine, Umayyad and Ottoman Empires. The British Empire was probably the greatest as it covered more than a 13,000,000 square mile area, which is almost a quarter of the planet Earth. 1. Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi was born in Babylon in 1792 BC and died in Babylon in 1750. After the abandonment of his father Sin-Muballit, Hammurabi became the 6th king of the first dynasty of Babylonia which prevailed from 1792 BC to 1750 BC. He reigned over 42 years from 1792-1750 BC. He fought and won many wars with neighboring countries and extended Babylonian control all over Mesopotamia, but his successors could not retain it. He is best known for the set of laws, known as Hammurabi’s Code. They are one of the first written laws in recorded history. These laws were written on stelae or the stone tablets standing 2.4 meters or about eight feet. They were discovered in Persia in 1901 and have gained renown all over the world during recent times. The code consists of 282 laws relating to inheritance, divorce, paternity, matters of contract. It also deals with the wages of for example, of an ox driver or a surgeon and the liability of builder for a house that collapses or a property that is damaged when left in someone’s custody. 2. Tutankhamen Tutankhamen Tutankhamen was born to Akhenaton and his wife ‘The younger Lady’ in 1341 BC and died 1323 BC at the age of 18 years. The younger Lady is an informal name given to the mummy discovered in the valley of Kings by the archaeologist Victor Loret in 1898. It has been identified as the mother of Pharaoh Tutankhamen, through recent DNA tests and has been designated as KV35YL; YL standing for ‘Young Lady’. Commonly known as ‘King Tut’ this Pharaoh (King) of Egypt inherited the kingdom from his predecessor Smenkhare and was succeeded by Ay. He belonged to the 18th dynasty and became the king at the age of 9. He reigned from 1332 to 1323 BC. Howard Carter and 5th Earl of Carnaryon; George Herbert discovered the almost intact tomb of Tutankhamen in 1922. The king’s burial mask is a popular symbol present in the Egyptian museum and the artifacts from his tomb has been exhibited all over the world. 3. James VI and I James VI and I James VI and I was born to Henry Stuart; Lord Darnley and Mary; Queen of Scots in Edinburgh Castle, Scotland on June 19, 1566. He died in Theobalds House, England on March 27, 1625 at the age of 58. ‘James VI and I’ was King of Scots from July24, 1567 and King of England and Ireland from March 24, 1603 until his death. England and Scotland were separate sovereign states but both were ruled by James. He became the king at the age of 13. During his minority till 1578 four regents governed the state. In 1603 he succeeded the last Tudor Monarch of England and in Ireland; Queen Elizabeth ÃŽâ„¢, who died without leaving any issue. He reigned from March 24, 1603 to March 27, 1625. This period of 22 years is known a Jacobean era which was an extension of the Golden Age of Elizabethan literature. Great writers like William Shakespeare, John Donne, Ben Johnson and Sir Francis Bacon contributed to a flourishing literary culture. 4. Alexander the Great Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great was born in Pella, Macedon and died in Babylon on June 11,323 BC at the age of 32.He reigned from 336 to 323 BC. He was tutored by Aristotle until 16 years old. Alexander succeeded his Father King Philip II of Macedon. As Ki	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,149	What is the main ingredient of the traditional Scottish soup, 'Partan Bree'?	Traditional Scottish Recipes - Partan Bree Traditional Scottish Recipes - Partan Bree Partan is the Scots word for a crab and bree is a liquid in which something edible has been boiled and left to soak. So partan bree is crab soup! Ingredients: 2 oz (50g or � cup) rice 1 pint (600ml or 2� cups) milk 1 pint (600ml or 2� cups) liquor from boiling the crab � pint (125ml or � cup) single cream Salt and pepper Finely chopped chives Method: Remove all the meat from the crab, keeping the claw meat separate. Cook the rice in a pan with the milk and water until tender. Liquidise this with the brown body meat from the crab. Add the white meat and cream and reheat. Add salt and pepper to taste. If the partan bree is too thick, you can add some more milk if required. Serve garnished with fresh, green, finely chopped chives.	Slang terms at the Front - The British Library Slang terms at the Front Julian Walker explores the growth of slang used by soldiers in the trenches from describing food to alternate names for allies and enemies. Food The limited diet of the British soldier in the front line included Tickler’s Plum and Apple Jam, known as ‘pozzy’ (possibly from a South African word for ‘preserved food’), ‘biscuit’, a hard-baked bread that had seen service for many years in Britain’s armies and navies, and ‘bully beef’, whose name may have come from the French boeuf bouillé (boiled beef) or possibly from the picture of a bull’s head on many tin designs. ‘Gippo’, stew or thick gravy, probably derived from a term used in the 17th and 18th centuries to denote a kitchen servant. Rum was delivered to the front in jars labelled SRD, interpreted as ‘seldom reaches destination’. Available behind the lines in French bars were ‘Bombardier Fritz’ (pommes de terre frites – chips) with ‘oofs’ and ‘pang’, and ‘plonk’ (vin blanc – white wine). Experiences common to European armies at the time – poor food and the logistics of transport – provided similar terms for poor quality butter or margarine: ‘axlegrease’ and the German Wagenschmiere (wagongrease). Soldiers grew adept at getting hold of food by various means; terms included ‘mumping’, ‘winning’, ‘cadging’, ‘humming’, ‘making’, ‘boning’, ‘souveniring’ and ‘hot-stuffing’. Some of these terms were invented at the time while others dated back centuries. Cook book for the trenches Cookbook for soldiers in the trenches published in 1915 giving simple recipes that could be made with few ingredients. Free from known copyright restrictions Materiel Many of the terms for weapons and artillery were remarkably similar on both sides of no man’s land, indicating a similarity of attitude, that the soldier had two enemies, the opposing forces and the war itself. Germans and British used the same terms for the German stick-grenade – a potato-masher – both sides had a ‘Black Maria’, and both sides used a German name for an aeroplane – a ‘Taube’. Some of these terms became indelibly associated with the war: ‘whizz-bangs’ speaks explicitly of the soldier’s experience of knowing how to identify a particular kind of incoming shell, and what action might be worth taking. ‘Jack Johnson’, referencing the black heavyweight champion boxer, was for a shell which created a large amount of black smoke. ‘Moaning Minnie’ referred to the German trench mortar or Minenwerfer, the term carrying overtones of familiarity and humour. Names for troops: ‘Tommy’ and ‘Foot Slogger’ Documentation of ‘Tommy Atkins’, the archetypical name for the British soldier, dates back to 1815. ‘Tommy’ became immortalised in the first of Rudyard Kipling’s Barrack Room Ballads, published in 1892: O it's Tommy this, an' Tommy that, an' “Tommy, go away”; But it's “Thank you, Mister Atkins," when the band begins to play, The band begins to play, my boys, the band begins to play, O it's “Thank you, Mr. Atkins," when the band begins to play. The name ‘Tommy’ was used universally throughout the First World War, by both sides. Some correspondence to The Times in 1914 indicates that not everyone felt well-disposed towards the name. ‘An Ensign of 1848’ wrote on 23 October: ‘May I ... suggest that the time has now come ... to put a period to the use of the nickname ‘Tommies’? ... To hear these British soldiers referred to in depreciatory patronage as ‘Tommies’ by those who stay at home ... is unseemly and exasperating.’ Three days later another reader wrote that if you were to ask ‘a company of Garrison Artillery what they think of the name and of the verses in which it was first enshrined the reply was startling and anything but complimentary to the author of the verses.’ It is possible that this was a matter of opinion which differed between individuals, regiments, platoons, and any groupings of soldiers. Certainly there are clear indications of its being used by soldiers: the trench paper The Salient for Christmas 1915 advertises The Buzzer, the paper of the 49th	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,150	For which film did Julia Roberts win the Best Actress Oscar in 2001?	Julia Roberts winning an Oscar® - YouTube Julia Roberts winning an Oscar® Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Apr 24, 2008 Kevin Spacey presents the Best Actress Oscar® to Julia Roberts for "Erin Brokovich" at the 73rd Annual Academy Awards® in 2001. Category	1991 Academy Awards® Winners and History The Prince of Tides (1991) Actor: ANTHONY HOPKINS in "The Silence of the Lambs" , Warren Beatty in "Bugsy", Robert De Niro in "Cape Fear", Nick Nolte in "The Prince of Tides", Robin Williams in "The Fisher King" Actress: JODIE FOSTER in "The Silence of the Lambs" , Geena Davis in "Thelma & Louise", Laura Dern in "Rambling Rose", Bette Midler in "For the Boys", Susan Sarandon in "Thelma & Louise" Supporting Actor: JACK PALANCE in "City Slickers", Tommy Lee Jones in "JFK", Harvey Keitel in "Bugsy", Ben Kingsley in "Bugsy", Michael Lerner in "Barton Fink" Supporting Actress: MERCEDES RUEHL in "The Fisher King", Diane Ladd in "Rambling Rose", Juliette Lewis in "Cape Fear", Kate Nelligan in "The Prince of Tides", Jessica Tandy in "Fried Green Tomatoes" Director: JONATHAN DEMME for "The Silence of the Lambs" , Barry Levinson for "Bugsy", Ridley Scott for "Thelma & Louise", John Singleton for "Boyz N the Hood", Oliver Stone for "JFK" The five films nominated for Best Picture for 1991 were a very distinctive mix of different types of films: a musical animation, a horror/thriller, a gangster bio, a political conspiracy thriller, and a romantic melodrama. The big winner was director Jonathan Demme's The Silence of the Lambs (with seven nominations and five wins). Its surprise win came for many reasons: it was a 'horror' film - the first of its genre to be named Best Picture it was the first Best Picture nominee to have been commercially-available on videotape before its win it was released in late January of 1991, many months before most Best Picture nominees were released (to keep them fresh in Academy voters' minds) and most importantly, it was the third film to win the top five awards (Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director, and Best Writer/Screenplay - Ted Tally) since two other films had accomplished the same feat: One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (1975) and It Happened One Night (1934) - it was the last Best Picture winner, to date, to win both Best Actor and Best Actress The top-notch film, a shocking psychological horror picture about a cannibalistic killer and his strange relationship with a newbie FBI agent, was based on Thomas Harris's 1988 best-selling novel of the same name. It was a sequel to an earlier film Manhunter (1986) (aka Red Dragon: The Pursuit of Hannibal Lecter), also based on a Thomas Harris novel titled Red Dragon published in 1981. The two nominations without wins were for Best Sound and Best Film Editing. Jonathan Demme (with his first directorial nomination) won the Best Director award for The Silence of the Lambs , a film with uncharacteristic subject matter that was not usually the recipient of so many Oscar awards. The other four Best Picture nominees that spread the nominations fairly evenly were: Walt Disney's feature-length animated musical cartoon Beauty and the Beast (with six nominations and two wins - Best Song "Beauty and the Beast" and Best Original Score) - it was the first hand-drawn animated feature to be nominated for Best Picture. [It would be another ten years before a special Oscar category for an	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,151	"Who wrote the novel ""The Painted Veil""?"	The Painted Veil: W. Somerset Maugham: 9781400034215: Amazon.com: Books W. Somerset Maugham Next Special Offers and Product Promotions Editorial Reviews From Library Journal Shallow, poorly educated Kitty marries the passionate and intellectual Walter Fane and has an affair with a career politician, Charles Townsend, assistant colonial secretary of Hong Kong. When Walter discovers the relationship, he compels Kitty to accompany him to a cholera-infested region of mainland China, where she finds limited happiness working with children at a convent. But when Walter dies, she is forced to leave China and return to England. Generally abandoned, she grasps desperately for the affection of her one remaining relative, her long-ignored father. In the end, in sharp, unexamined contrast to her own behavior patterns, she asserts that her unborn daughter will grow up to be an independent woman. The Painted Veil was first published in 1925 and is usually described as a strong story about a woman's spiritual journey. To more pragmatic, modern eyes, Kitty's emotional growth appears minimal. Still, if not a major feminist work, the book has literary interest. Sophie Ward's uninflected reading is competent if not compelling. Recommended only for large literature collections. I. Pour-El, Des Moines Area Community Coll., Boone, IA Copyright 2002 Cahners Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an alternate Paperback edition. Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . New York Times best sellers Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more Product Details Publisher: Vintage; Reprint edition (February 10, 2004) Language: English Shipping Weight: 7.2 ounces ( View shipping rates and policies ) Average Customer Review: TOP 500 REVIEWER VINE VOICE on December 20, 2006 Format: Paperback I wanted to read this book before seeing the movie, and I must say that I enjoyed it immensely. Having read most of Maugham's short stories but none of his novels, I was taken aback by the sweep and passion of this book, its strong moral center, and above all its sensitivity to feeling. Other readers have called this a feminist work, and so in a halting way it is, in that Kitty Fane, its central character, is a woman and Maugham looks unusually deeply into her soul. But at the beginning of the book she is almost the polar opposite of feminist, having been brought up by her ambitious middle-class mother to be pretty and vapid and catch a good husband. It is only after she has passed through the climax of the story that she begins to see that there can be better goals in life for a woman. My surprise at the depth of Maugham's portrayal of Kitty is in contrast to what I have always seen as the emotional reticence of his male characters, who are portrayed rather in terms of action than of feeling; I see this as a by-product of the author's homosexuality in an era when this had to be kept hidden. Kitty's husband, Walter Fane, a young government doctor and bacteriologist in Hong Kong, though presumably heterosexual, is almost a caricature of this repressed type. Although he obviously has feelings, he is almost incapable of giving voice to them, and neither he nor Kitty can effectively communicate with one another. It is hardly surprising that Kitty should fall into an affair with a married colonial official who is all easy charm. Even when Walter discovers their liaison (masterfully evoked in the opening pages of the book), he remains cold and inscrutable; his response is to volunteer for service in a cholera-ravaged city in the Chinese interior and to take Kitty with him. Read more ›	Kazuo Ishiguro - Literature Literature Rogers, Coleridge & White Ltd Biography Kazuo Ishiguro was born in Nagasaki, Japan, on 8 November 1954. He came to Britain in 1960 when his father began research at the National Institute of Oceanography, and was educated at a grammar school for boys in Surrey. Afterwards he worked as a grouse-beater for the Queen Mother at Balmoral before enrolling at the University of Kent, Canterbury, where he read English and Philosophy. He was also employed as a community worker in Glasgow (1976), and after graduating worked as a residential social worker in London. He studied Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia, a member of the postgraduate course run by Malcolm Bradbury, where he met Angela Carter, who became an early mentor. He has been writing full-time since 1982. In 1983, shortly after the publication of his first novel, Kazuo Ishiguro was nominated by Granta magazine as one of the 20 'Best of Young British Writers'. He was also included in the same promotion when it was repeated in 1993. In 1981 three of his short stories were published in Introductions 7: Stories by New Writers. His first novel, A Pale View of Hills (1982), narrated by a Japanese widow living in England, draws on the destruction and rehabilitation of Nagasaki. It was awarded the Winifred Holtby Memorial Prize. It was followed by An Artist of the Floating World (1986), which explores Japanese national attitudes to the Second World War through the story of former artist Masuji Ono, haunted by his military past. It won the Whitbread Book of the Year award and was shortlisted for the Booker Prize for Fiction. Ishiguro's third novel, The Remains of the Day (1989), is set in post-war England, and tells the story of an elderly English butler confronting disillusionment as he recalls a life spent in service, memories viewed against a backdrop of war and the rise of Fascism. It was awarded the Booker Prize for Fiction, and was subsequently made into an award-winning film starring Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson. His next novel, The Unconsoled (1995), a formally inventive narrative in which a concert pianist struggles to fulfil a schedule of rehearsals and performances in an unnamed European city, was awarded the Cheltenham Prize in 1995.Kazuo Ishiguro's fifth novel, When We Were Orphans (2000), is set in Shanghai in the early part of the twentieth century, and is narrated by a private detective investigating his parents' disappearance in the city some 20 years earlier. It was shortlisted for both the Whitbread Novel Award and the Booker Prize for Fiction. His sixth novel is Never Let Me Go (2005) and he collaborated with George Toles and Guy Maddin on the screenplay for The Saddest Music in the World, a melodrama set in the 1930s, starring Isabella Rossellini. In 2009, his first short story collection, Noctures: Five Stories of Music and Nightfall, was published, and shortlisted for the 2010 James Tait Back Memorial Prize (for fiction). His latest novel The Buried Giant was published in 2015. He has also written two original screenplays for Channel 4 Television, A Profile of Arthur J. Mason, broadcast in 1984, and The Gourmet, broadcast in 1986. He was awarded the OBE in 1995 for services to literature and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He was awarded the Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government in 1998. His work has been translated into over 30 languages. Kazuo Ishiguro lives in London with his wife and daughter. Author statement Critical perspective Ishiguro's novels are preoccupied by memories, their potential to digress and distort, to forget and to silence, and above all to haunt. The protagonists of his fiction seek to overcome loss (the personal loss of family members and lovers; losses resulting from war) by making sense of the past through acts of remembrance. His first two novels, A Pale View of Hills (1982) and An Artist of the Floating World (1986) are typical in this respect. Each book takes the reader on a compelling journey into the mind and memory of	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,152	The Dardanelles in north-western Turkey connect the Aegean Sea to which other sea?	Dardanelles \| strait, Turkey \| Britannica.com Dardanelles Alternative Titles: Çanakkale Bŏgazi, Hellespont Related Topics Northwest Passage Dardanelles, formerly Hellespont, Turkish Çanakkale Boğazı, narrow strait in northwestern Turkey , 38 miles (61 km) long and 0.75 to 4 miles (1.2 to 6.5 km) wide, linking the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara . The city of Dardanus in the Troad (territory around ancient Troy ), where Mithradates VI (king of Pontus ) and Sulla (the Roman general) signed a treaty in 85 bce, gave the strait its name. Dardanelles. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Dardanelles lies between the peninsula of Gallipoli in Europe (northwest) and the mainland of Asia Minor (southeast). It has an average depth of 180 feet (55 metres) and reaches a maximum depth of 300 feet (90 metres) in the narrowest central section. There is a rapid surface current from the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean and a compensatory undercurrent returning more saline water. Important ports along the shores of the Dardanelles are Gallipoli , Eceabat, and Çanakkale . Many famous castles stand along its banks. The waters are rich in various kinds of fish that migrate between the Black and Aegean seas via the Bosporus strait, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles. Çanakkale, Turkey, on the southern coast of the Dardanelles. © William J. Bowe The Dardanelles holds a significant place in history. As the Hellespont, it was the scene of the Greek legend of the two lovers Hero and Leander . The ancient city of Troy defended the strait from its strategic position at the southwest end (Asian side). In 480 bce the Persian army of Xerxes I crossed the strait by a bridge of boats. Alexander the Great did the same in 334 bce on his expedition against Persia. The strait has always been of great strategic and economic importance as the gateway to Istanbul and the Black Sea from the Mediterranean . The strait was forced by a British fleet under Adm. Sir John T. Duckworth in 1807. During World War I the Allies failed to capture it, although a British submarine penetrated the minefields and sank a Turkish battleship off the Golden Horn, an inlet on the Bosporus. The location of the Dardanelles has given it international political importance (see Straits Question ). Map of the Dardanelles (c. 1900), from the 10th edition of Encyclopædia … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Dardanelles - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) A ribbon of water, only 38 miles (61 kilometers) long and from 34 to 4 miles (1.2 to 6.4 kilometers) wide, separates the continent of Europe from the westernmost tip of Asia Minor. This strategically important strait is the Dardanelles, in northwestern Turkey. It leads from the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara and then through the Bosporus strait to the Black Sea. Thus the Dardanelles is the outer gateway to a great productive area. The world’s ships must pass through here to reach the grain ports of Ukraine and the oil ports of Romania and the Caucasus region. The western side of the strait is formed by the Gallipoli Peninsula. Major ports along its shores are Gallipoli, Eceabat, and Canakkale, and many famous castles stand along its banks. Article History	The Seas of Asia : UnderwaterAsia.info The Line & The Triangle Lembeh Strait is considered to be an engine room of evolution. To the south of the Philippines, separated from the Sulu Sea by an ocean ridge, is the Celebes Sea. Part of the Coral Triangle, the Celebes Sea reaches the coast of northern Sulawesi, an incredibly rich & diverse part of Asia that is home to Bunaken National Park and the legendary Lembeh Strait- considered by many to be the earth’s engine room of marine evolution. The Celebes Sea is part of an ancient ocean basin and plummets to depths of over 6km. To the east, the Celebes Sea opens out in the the Pacific Ocean, while to the south, it meets the Makassar Strait. This region sprung to prominence among scientists in the 19th century, when the Wallacea Line theory was proposed. This line passes from the Celebes Sea, through the straits of Makassar & Lomok then out into the Indian Ocean. It marks the boundary between two distinct groups of wildlife. To the south & east, animals are of Australian origin, while to the west, wildlife is distinctly Asian. In days of lower sea levels, many of south east Asia’s islands were linked by land, but this deep stretch of water that marks the line of Wallacea prevented further expansion, explaining the distinct wildlife groups on adjacent islands. Crossing to the southern hemisphere and heading east to Papua New Guinea, we find the Bismark & Soloman Seas. The marine life here bears greater similarities to that of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea off Australia’s north-eastern coast. The area marks the south-eastern tip of the Coral Triangle and, until fairly recently, was thought to possess the greatest diversity of coral & fish species on earth. That accolade is currently held by the tiny Halmahera Sea off the north eastern tip of Western Papua. Sitting almost exactly on the equator, this sea is home to 600 different species of coral and around 1300 fish species. It is possible to dive at Raja Ampat & Fak-Fak, in the Halmahera Sea, by Liveaboard from slightly less remote parts of Indonesia. To the south of here, the shallow Arafura Sea stretches across to the northern coast of Australia and, in the west, meets the Timor Sea. The Timor Sea, like the Arafura, is primarily a shallow sea, with the exception of a deep trough to the north. It empties out into the southern Indian Ocean to the west. To the north of this area, we re-enter the Coral Triangle through the strait of Alor and find the seas Banda & Molucca - home to the Moluccas, a group of islands famed in days gone by as the Spice Islands. The Banda Islands and Ambon are two of the excellent dive spots in the area, along with Alor to the south. Wakatobi, off the south-eastern arm of Sulawesi, lies between the Banda Sea the Flores Sea. Wakatobi is one of the few areas that has all 3 types of reef system - fringing reef, barrier reef and atolls. The Flores Sea is another incredibly productive sea, with spectacular marine life off the southern arms of Sulwesi and all around Flores, Komodo & Sumbawa to the south. The straits between the Nusa Tengarra island chain of Indonesia, including Flores, Sumbawa & Lombok, have some of the strongest currents on earth due to the Indonesia Throughflow. The Indonesian throughflow is a massive transference of water from the Pacific to the Indian Oceans, which has to squeeze through the small channels between the islands. These ripping currents make for tricky diving conditions, but incredibly healthy marine eco-systems as they flood the area with the nutrients required to support a huge array of life. Bali, to the west, is where the Flores Sea meets the Java Sea and marks the south-western tip of the Coral Triangle. The relatively shallow Java Sea separates Java, Indonesia’s most populous island from Borneo, the world’s largest island to the north. To the west, it meets Sumatra, separating it from the Andaman Sea and the Indian Ocean, where our journey began. The Triangle of Life Discovery The underwater world of South-East Asia has long been famed for its wealth &	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,153	Stretching a total of 264 miles, which is New Zealand's longest river?	New Zealand New Zealand Area: 268,680 square kilometers (103,737 square miles) Highest point on mainland: Mount Cook (3,764 meters/12,349 feet) Lowest point on land: Sea level Hemispheres: Southern and Eastern Time zone: 12 midnight = noon GMT Longest distances: 1,600 kilometers (994 miles) from north-northeast to south-southwest; 450 kilometers (280 miles) from east-southeast to west-northwest Land boundaries: None Coastline: 15,134 kilometers (9,404 miles) Territorial sea limits: 22 kilometers (12 nautical miles) 1 LOCATION AND SIZE New Zealand lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and consists of two main islands and a number of smaller ones. The main North and South Islands, separated by the Cook Strait, lie on an axis running from northeast to southwest, except for the low-lying Northland Peninsula on the North Island. With a total area of 268,680 square kilometers (103,737 square miles), New Zealand is roughly the size of the state of Colorado. 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES New Zealand has three island dependencies in the Pacific Ocean. The Cook Islands are located roughly halfway between New Zealand and Hawaii, in the middle of the South Pacific. The islands have local self-government but voluntarily rely on New Zealand to represent their interests in foreign affairs and defense. The Cook Islands consist of two island chains: seven low-lying coral atolls in the north, and eight larger and more elevated volcanic islands in the south. Niue Island, which extends over more than 263 square kilometers (102 square miles), is one of the world's largest coral islands. Located east of the Cook Islands, Niue also governs itself in local affairs but depends on New Zealand in international matters. Tokelau, another territory of New Zealand, is an island chain in the middle of the South Pacific northwest of the Cook Islands. It consists of three small coral atolls and surrounding islets. Besides these three Pacific island groups, New Zealand also claims land in Antarctica in and near the Ross Sea. 3 CLIMATE New Zealand has a mild oceanic climate with little seasonal variation. Mean annual temperatures range from about 11°C (52°F) in the southern part of South Island to 15°C (59°F) in Northland, the northernmost part of the North Island. Daytime high temperatures in summer generally vary from 21°C to 27° C (70° to 81°F); winter highs are usually at least 10°C (50°F). Temperatures rarely extend beyond the extremes of -10°C (14°F) and 35°C (95°F). Due to prevailing westerly and north-westerly winds, the western mountain slopes of both islands receive the heaviest rainfall. Average annual rainfall for the country as a whole ranges from 64 to 152 centimeters (25 to 60 inches). Precipitation amounts vary widely, however; on South Island, for example, central Otago Harbour receives as little as 30 centimeters (12 inches) per year, while southwestern Fiordland can get as much as 800 centimeters (315 inches). 4 TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS New Zealand is very mountainous; more than 75 percent of its land exceeds an altitude of 200 meters (656 feet). The South Island covers an area of 149,883 square kilometers (57,870 square miles). Its major regions are the Canterbury Plains to the east; the central mountain highlands, which cover much of the island; and a narrow western coast. The North Island, which spans an area of 114,669 square kilometers (44,274 square miles), is characterized by hill country. The mountain highland here is narrow and lies to the east. North and west of the Kaimanawa Mountains is a volcanic plateau. There is little coastal lowland; even in Taranaki, where it is widest, Mount Egmont (also called Mount Taranaki) rises well over 2,438 meters (8,000 feet). The narrow northern peninsular	Australian river catchments and the Great Artesian Basin \| australia.gov.au Australian river catchments and the Great Artesian Basin Australian river catchments and the Great Artesian Basin Sydney harbour from 16,000 feet, 1966 by David Moore (1927–2003) Rivers are usually described in terms of their catchment areas. This means that the entire river system - from its source, all its tributaries and down to its mouth are included in any discussion or assessment. Australia has twelve catchment divisions. The biggest of these is the Murray–Darling, beginning in Queensland flowing through New South Wales and Victoria to its mouth in South Australia. The Murray–Darling River is the third longest navigable river in the world, after the Amazon and Nile. On the east coast and in the Murray-Darling Basin many Australian rivers have had their flows changed or regulated by human engineering. The Snowy River has been dammed to provide hydro-electric power and been diverted to irrigate land along the Murray River. In comparison, there are wild rivers in other catchments which are free flowing rivers. Wild rivers exist in the Gulf of Carpentaria, the Timor Sea catchment which contains the Victoria River mouth and the Fitzroy River and there is the Franklin and Gordon in Tasmania - all heritage listed with sites of international significance. In Australia, there are unique dry inland rivers, such as the Diamantina, part of the Lake Eyre catchment. These river catchments are some of the last of the world's unregulated or free flowing dry river systems, which on occasions flow into Lake Eyre in northern South Australia. In the North-western Plateau, the Gascoyne River is a unique example of a dry river yet with an underground flow of water. In other catchment divisions the South-West Division contains the Swan River around which the City of Perth is built, the rivers that flow as part of the South Australian Gulf include the Torrens River, part of Adelaide and the South-east Coast division incorporates the Parramatta river, with Sydney Harbour as its mouth. Australia's drainage divisions or catchments, Bureau of Meteorology A dry continent – reasonable water but with small run-off into rivers Whilst Australia might be described as the driest continent, it does not follow that the country is short of water. For the amount of people that live here, Australia is relatively well endowed with water. If there are problems with water, they lie in the location of the water in relation to the large population centres, the amount of water that is lost in the ‘run-off' and the uses to which the water is put. Rivers form when rain or melting snow runs down the side of a mountain to form streams. Eventually, streams catch more water or join other streams to form a river. Smaller streams that flow into rivers are called tributaries. It can take millions of years for rivers to form. Rivers carve a path through the land as they pass from their headwaters (the place where a river starts) in the mountains to their mouth (the place where a river empties into the ocean). In proportion to its area, Australia has the lowest precipitation and run-off of all continents. Most of the rainwater, an average of 85 per cent across Australia, evaporates, or is used directly by trees and plants, or ends up in lakes, wetlands or the ocean. Less than one-fifth of the rain that falls in Australia ends up in its rivers. Because of this, Australian rivers have very irregular flow patterns. This means that sometimes a river is wide, deep and fast flowing, and sometimes it is shallow, narrow and slow flowing. Most of and the best run-off of water into rivers occurs in only one-quarter of the continent, in northern Australia and Tasmania, and then in the Murray–Darling. Because of the higher mountains in their catchments, with more rain and snow, the Murray and Murrumbidgee rivers have always gathered more run-off than other rivers in the southern landscape. White-necked Heron and Intermediate Egrets fishing on Coopers Creek. Photo by Glenn Walker Most of Australia's best run-	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,154	Who had a UK No. 1 hit in 1960 with Only the Lonely?	Only the Lonely \| The Huffington Post 21/10/2013 17:17 \| Updated 21 December 2013 1.2k Neil Cossar More music trivia than you can shake a stick at - editor of This Day in Music In Oct 1960, Roy Orbison had his first UK No.1 single with Only The Lonely which was the first of 33 UK hits. The song was turned down by The Everly Brothers and Elvis Presley, so Orbison decided to record it himself. Roy had teamed up with songwriter Joe Melson who had recently quit his band The Cavaliers. The pair went on to write a string of hits for Monument Records including: Running Scared, Crying, Blue Bayou, and Only The Lonely, which became Orbison's first major hit. I find it funny to think that various budding English rock musicians were in awe of Orbison, and before they became famous would buy his singles, listening, learning and attempting to copy his singing and writing skills. I am of course taking about The Beatles, who at this time were playing the endless sets in Liverpool and Hamburg, Germany, but would later meet their hero, tour with him and Harrison would end up working alongside Roy in The Traveling Wilburys where Roy was know as 'Lefty Wilbury' and Harrison 'Nelson Wilbury'. Roy Orbison was born in Vernon, Texas, the middle son of Orbie Lee Orbison, an oil well driller and car mechanic. On his sixth birthday, Orbison's father gave him a guitar. He became a fan of Hank Williams, Jimmie Rodgers and country singer, guitarist Lefty Frizzell (who Roy named himself after in the Wilburys). In high school, Orbison and some friends formed The Wink Westerners (what a brilliant name), a band that played country standards and Glenn Miller songs. When they were offered $400 to play at a dance, Orbison realised that he could make a living in music. Later, after hearing about a new rising star by the name of Elvis Presley, Orbison drove 355 miles to Dallas to see the on-stage antics of Presley. Orbison also got to meet Johnny Cash when he toured in 1955, playing on the same local radio show as Roy, who suggested that Orbison approach Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Roy Orbison and the Teen Kings signed to Sun in 1956, and their first release Ooby Dooby became a chart hit, but the follow-up singles failed. Then in 1958 Roy's luck changed. He was offered a spot on an Everly Brothers show in Hammond, Indiana. It turned out The Everlys needed a song for their new single and asked Roy if he had anything. He sang his new composition Claudette and they asked him to write the words down. So he did, on the top of a shoebox. The Everlys' Claudette was released in late March 1958 as the B-side of All I Have To Do Is Dream. The A side went to No. 1 (this song is very special to me - it was at the top of the charts on the day I was born!). Soon Roy's songs had been recorded by Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis, Rick Nelson and Johnny Cash. Orbison had a knack for writing a great pop song. Now signed to Fred Foster's Monument label, Roy was up and running as a solo artist. Only the Lonely peaked at No.2 on the Billboard Charts and became No.1 in the UK. Only the Lonely became the first song that truly probed the frightening potential of Roy Orbison's voice, and established his uniqueness. And then he gave us Oh Pretty Woman which became his biggest hit. Few songs have boasted such a memorable guitar riff; the song sold about seven million copies in 1964 alone. Roy was now a true star; he toured with The Beatles in the UK, The Rolling Stones and toured with The Beach Boys in Australia. Sadly during the mid-'60s Roy suffered two major personal tragedies: Roy and his wife Claudette shared a love for motorcycles; however, tragedy struck on 6 June, 1966, when Orbison and Claudette were riding home from Bristol, Tennessee. Claudette was struck by a semi-trailer truck and died instantly. Two years later, on 14 Sept, 1968, tragedy struck again when, horrifically, two of his three sons lost their lives in a house fire. Roy Dwayne Orbison was ten-years-old; his brother, Anthony, was just six. Unable to write songs in the wake of such crushing loss, Orbison nonetheless	Index-a The live album Beauty and the Beat featured pianist George Shearring and which singer? Peggy Lee Whose band was the Tijuana Brass? Herb Alpert Who were Cliff Richard's backing group through the 60s? The Shadows Who were the famous backing singers on most of Elvis Presley's early hits? The Jordanaires The Stratocaster is a model of which guitar maker? Fender Which piano-playing singer's first hit was The Fat Man? Fats Domino Which American rock'n'roll star caused controversy when he married a young teenager? Jerry Lee Lewis Who made the highly rated 1959 jazz album Kind of Blue? Miles Davis Which iconic British female singer made the highly regarded album titled '(her first name) in Memphis' ? Dusty Springfield Whose band was the All Stars? Junior Walker (Jr Walker) Larry Adler played what instrument? Harmonica Whose childhood hit was Fingertips? Stevie Wonder Which guitar innovator and player has a range of Gibson Guitars named after him? Les Paul The founding brother members of the Kinks were Ray and Dave what? Davies What was Smokey Robinson's most famous band called? The Miracles Kenny Ball and his Jazzmen's 1962 hit was called March of the ... what? Siamese Children Who sang the hit theme song Rawhide? Frankie Laine John Mayall's band which helped launch Eric Clapton's career was called what? Bluesbreakers Rock Around the Clock was a hit for Bill Haley and his ... what? Comets Which comedy actor had a novelty hit with My Boomerang Won't Come Back? Charlie Drake Who sang with Serge Gainsbourg on the hit Je t'aime? Jane Birkin Colin Blunstone fronted which 1960s group? The Zombies What Eastenders star sang on the novelty hit Come Outside? Wendy Richard Jiles Perry (JP) Richardson Jr, who died in the same plane crash as Ritchie Valens and Buddy Holly was better known by what name?Big Bopper Which later-to-be-famous solo singer and guitarist toured as a member of the Beach Boys in the mid 60s? Glen Campbell Who had sang the hit song Little Old Wine Drinker Me? Dean Martin What famous 'two-fingered' jazz guitarist died in 1953? Django Reinhardt (Jean-Baptiste Reinhardt) What song, released to promote the film The Millionairess, featured its stars Peter Sellers and Sophia Loren? Goodness Gracious Me Who managed the Beatles' prior to his early death in 1967? Brian Epstein Whose nickname was a derived from the term satchel-mouth? Louis Armstrong (Satchmo) What's the name of the motorbiker who dies in the Shangri-Las' hit The Leader of the Pack? Jimmy Which singing-songwriting founder of the Flying Burrito Brothers died age 26, after which his body was 'stolen' by a friend and burnt in the Joshua Tree National Park? Gram Parsons Which American singer and entertainer was nicknamed Schnozzola, because of his large nose? Jimmy Durante Who wrote and had a hit with the instrumental Classical Gas? Mason Williams Who wrote Patsy Cline's hit Crazy? Willie Nelson What city hosted the Beatles as the resident band at the Kaiserkeller and Top Ten Club? Hamburg The Isley Brothers' hit was called Behind a ... what? Painted Smile 1950-60s record turntables commonly offered four speeds: 33, 45, 78, and what other? 16 (technically the speeds were 33⅓ and 16⅔ but record decks tended to show only the whole numbers) American DJ Robert Weston Smith was better known by what stage name? Wolfman Jack What ridiculously titled song was a hit in 1954 for Max Bygraves in the UK and the Four Lads in the USA? Gilly Gilly Ossenfeffer Katzenellen Bogen by the Sea Who had the 1965 instrumental hit Spanish Flea? Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass What was Emile Ford and the Checkmates' 1959 hit, supposedly the longest ever question in a UK No1 song title? What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For? Who singer-guitarist's backing band was The Bruvvers? Joe Brown Which Rolling Stones guitarist died in a swimming pool in 1969? Bri	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,155	Which planet in our solar system is known as ‘The Blue Planet’?	Planet Neptune: Facts About Its Orbit, Moons & Rings Planet Neptune: Facts About Its Orbit, Moons & Rings By Charles Q. Choi, Space.com Contributor \| November 25, 2014 05:14pm ET MORE Neptune’s winds travel at more than 1,500 mph, and are the fastest planetary winds in the solar system. Credit: NASA/JPL Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun. It was the first planet to get its existence predicted by mathematical calculations before it was actually seen through a telescope on Sept. 23, 1846. Irregularities in the orbit of Uranus led French astronomer Alexis Bouvard to suggest that the gravitational pull from another celestial body might be responsible. German astronomer Johann Galle then relied on subsequent calculations to help spot Neptune via telescope . Previously, astronomer Galileo Galilei sketched the planet, but he mistook it for a star due to its slow motion. In accordance with all the other planets seen in the sky, this new world was given a name from Greek and Roman mythology — Neptune, the Roman god of the sea. Physical characteristics Neptune's cloud cover has an especially vivid blue tint that is partly due to an as-yet-unidentified compound and the result of the absorption of red light by methane in the planets mostly hydrogen-helium atmosphere. Photos of Neptune reveal a blue planet, and it is often dubbed an ice giant, since it possesses a thick, slushy fluid mix of water, ammonia and methane ices under its atmosphere and is roughly 17 times Earth's mass and nearly 58 times its volume, according to a NASA fact sheet . Neptune's rocky core alone is thought to be roughly equal to Earth's mass , NASA says. Despite its great distance from the sun , which means it gets little sunlight to help warm and drive its atmosphere, Neptune's winds can reach up to 1,500 mph (2,400 kph), the fastest detected yet in the solar system . These winds were linked with a large dark storm that Voyager 2 tracked in Neptune's southern hemisphere in 1989. This oval-shaped, counterclockwise-spinning "Great Dark Spot" was large enough to contain the entire Earth, and moved westward at nearly 750 mph (1,200 kph). This storm seemed to have vanished when the Hubble Space Telescope later searched for it. Hubble has also revealed the appearance and then fading of two other Great Dark Spots over the past decade. Neptune's magnetic poles are tipped over by roughly 47 degrees compared with the poles along which it spins. As such, the planet's magnetic field, which is about 27 times more powerful than Earth's, undergoes wild swings during each rotation. By studying the cloud formations on the gas giant, scientists were able to calculate that a day on Neptune lasts just under 16 hours . Orbital characteristics Neptune's elliptical, oval-shaped orbit keeps the planet an average distance from the sun of almost 2.8 billion miles (4.5 billion kilometers), or roughly 30 times as far away as Earth, making it invisible to the naked eye. Neptune goes around the sun once roughly every 165 Earth years, and completed its first orbit, since being discovered , in 2011. Every 248 years, Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for 20 years or so, during which time it is closer to the sun than Neptune. Nevertheless, Neptune remains the farthest planet from the sun, since Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. Composition & structure Atmospheric composition (by volume): hydrogen, 80 percent; helium, 19.0 percent; methane, 1.5 percent Magnetic field: Roughly 27 times more powerful than Earth's Composition : The overall composition of Neptune is, by mass, thought to be about 25 percent rock, 60 to 70 percent ice, and 5 to 15 percent hydrogen and helium, according to Tristan Guillot, author of "Interiors of Giant Planets Inside and Outside the Solar System" in the journal Science. Internal structure: Mantle of water, ammonia and methane ices; Core of iron and magnesium-silicate Orbit & rotation Average distance from the sun: 2,795,084,800 miles (4,498,252,900 km). By comparison: 30.069 times farther than Earth Perihelion (closest approach to the sun): 2	Pluto and the Solar System \| IAU Pluto and the Solar System Pluto and the Developing Landscape of Our Solar System The discovery of Pluto Nearly eighty years ago an astronomer working at the Lowell Observatory in the United States made a discovery that would ultimately initiate a dramatic change in the way we look at our Solar System. The young astronomer was Clyde Tombaugh, an observing assistant working at the observatory made famous by the great astronomer Percival Lowell. Tombaugh was continuing the search for an elusive planet – planet X – that Lowell had believed (incorrectly) to be responsible for perturbing the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. Within a year, after spending numerous nights at the telescope exposing photographic plates and months tediously scanning them for signs of a planet, Tombaugh saw what he was looking for. At around 4pm on the afternoon of 18 February 1930 Tombaugh began comparing two plates taken in January that year showing a region in the constellation of Gemini. As he flicked from one plate to the other, trying to see if something moved slightly between the two (the tell-tale sign of the planet he was hunting), he spotted something. In one part of the frame a small object flitted a few millimetres as he switched between the two plates. Tombaugh had found his new planet! (Stern & Mitton, 2005) The changing landscape of the Solar System The object Tombaugh had discovered was named Pluto, a name officially adopted by the American Astronomical Society, the Royal Astronomical Society in the UK and the IAU. It is a frigid world, billions of kilometres from Earth, and 30 times less massive than the then-smallest known planet, Mercury. But Pluto was not alone. It was found to have five satellites. The largest, Charon, was discovered in 1978. The smaller four were discovered using the Hubble Space Telescope in 2005, 2011 and 2012 and officially named Nix, Hydra, in early 2006 ( read more ) , Kerberos and Styx in 2013 ( read more ) by the IAU. The view of our Solar System's landscape began to change on August 30, 1992 with the discovery by David Jewitt and Jane Luu from the University of Hawaii of the first of more than 1000 now known objects orbiting beyond Neptune in what is often referred to as the transneptunian region. More generally these bodies are often simply labelled as Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs). With so many Trans-Neptunian Objects being found, it seemed inevitable that one or more might be found to rival Pluto in size. On the night of the 21 October 2003, Mike Brown from Caltech, Chad Trujillo from the Gemini Observatory and David Rabinowitz from Yale University were using a telescope and camera at the Palomar Observatory in the US to search the edge of the Solar System. That night they imaged a region of sky showing an object moving relative to the background stars. Later analysis showed that they had discovered another cold world, around 2500 km across, orbiting the Sun. Subsequent observations showed that the new object, initially named 2003 UB313 according to the International Astronomical Union's protocol on the initial designation of such objects, was more massive than Pluto and that it too had a satellite ( read more ). With an object larger and more massive than Pluto now beyond Neptune and ever more of these Trans-Neptunian Objects being discovered, astronomers were beginning to ask: "Just what constitutes a planet?" A new class of objects and how to define a planet The IAU has been responsible for the naming and nomenclature of planetary bodies and their satellites since the early 1900s. As Professor Ron Ekers, past president of the IAU, explains: Such decisions and recommendations are not enforceable by any national or international law; rather they establish conventions that are meant to help our understanding of astronomical objects and processes. Hence, IAU recommendations should rest on well-established scientific facts and have a broad consensus in the community concerned .( read the full article on page 4 of the IAU GA Newspaper ) The IAU decided to create a commit	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,156	In Britain, the Education Act of March 1944 provided free what in schools to all children in the UK under the age of 18?	Education in England - Timeline Education in England: Chapter 13 2010-2015 Gove v The Blob this is a draft of a chapter which will form part of the revised version currently in preparation BA Hons Editorial Services Gillian Rathbone copy-edits Education in England: a brief history. If you're writing an essay, article, dissertation or thesis and would like to consider using her services, send her an email. Education in England: a brief history Derek Gillard ï¿½ copyright Derek Gillard 2011 Education in England: a brief history is my copyright. You are welcome to download it and print it for your own personal use, or for use in a school or other educational establishment, provided my name as the author is attached. But you may not publish it, upload it onto any other website, or sell it, without my permission. Citations You are welcome to cite this piece. If you do so, please acknowledge it thus: Gillard D (2011) Education in England: a brief history www.educationengland.org.uk/history In accordance with the conventions set out by the Society of Authors and the Publishers Association, you should seek my permission to reproduce any extract of more than 400 words; a series of extracts totalling more than 800 words, of which any one extract has more than 300 words; and an extract or series of extracts constituting a quarter or more of the original work. For shorter extracts you do not need my permission, provided the source is acknowledged as shown above. ï¿½ Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. Timeline education acts, white papers, reports and other key events Notes Prime Ministers (from 1801 onwards) are listed in red Ministers of Education (1945-1964) and Secretaries of State for Education (since 1964) are listed in blue HM Chief Inspectors (HMCI)/Heads of Ofsted (from 1994 onwards) are listed in green Where a number of items are shown in a single year I can't guarantee that I have listed them in the correct chronological order within that year, although I have tried to do so. Where a document is shown as a link, the full text is available online. 600-1800 Beginnings 597 St Augustine arrived in England. 598 First grammar school established at Canterbury. 600s More grammar schools established at Dorchester, Winchester, Hexham, Malmesbury, Lichfield, Hereford and Worcester. 700s Venerable Bede: Ecclesiastical History. 776 Alcuin established school at York. 866 Viking invasions began. 871 Alfred became king of Wessex and showed 'concern for education'. 925 Dunstan born. 1016 Canute became king of England: concerned about the education of poor boys. 1066 Norman invasion: French replaced English as vernacular medium for teaching Latin. 1096 Oxford: evidence of teaching. 1209 Cambridge: scholars arrived from Oxford. 1214 Oxford: post of Chancellor established. 1226 Cambridge: post of Chancellor established. 1249 Oxford: University College established, followed by Balliol 1260, Merton 1264. 1384 Grammar school opened at Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire: first chantry school. 1382 Winchester founded: independent school. 1440 Eton founded: independent school. 1486 Renaissance: Pico della Mirandola's De hominis dignitate. 1509 Henry VIII became king. 1515 Roger Ascham born (d. 1568): called for greater care and respect for education. 1517 Reformation: Luther's protest. 1535 Tyndale's English Bible placed in churches. 1540 Dissolution of the monasteries. 1541 Canterbury grammar school refounded. 1562 Elizabethan Statute of Artificers. 1632 Comenius: Didactica magna championed universal education. 1642 Samuel Hartlib: A Reformation of Schooles. 1693 Locke: Some Thoughts concerning Education. 1660 Restoration of the monarchy: Oxford and Cambridge discriminate against Nonconformists. 1670 Dissenting Academies: established to teach law, medicine, commerce, engineering and the arts. 1700 Charity Schools for the poor. 1760s Thomas Braidwood's Academy for the Deaf and Dumb opened in Edinburgh. 1775 Industrial Revolution began to create demand for mass e	100 children's TV stars .. where are they now? Remember it's Friday, it's five o'clock...? Or Basil Brush's boom-boom? A new BBC4 show takes a nostalgic look at kids' favourite TV shows through the years from the innocent Muffin The Mule to the gritty Grange Hill. Here we find out what 100 famous children's presenters from the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s are up to now... - Free Online Library The Free Library > Date > 2007 > May > 28 > The Mirror (London, England) 100 children's TV stars .. where are they now? Remember it's Friday, it's five o'clock...? Or Basil Brush's boom-boom? A new BBC4 show takes a nostalgic look at kids' favourite TV shows through the years from the innocent Muffin The Mule to the gritty Grange Hill. Here we find out what 100 famous children's presenters from the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s are up to now... Page URL: HTML link: <a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/100+children%27s+TV+stars+..+where+are+they+now%3f+Remember+it%27s+Friday%2c...-a0164089259</a> Citations: MLA style: "100 children's TV stars .. where are they now? Remember it's Friday, it's five o'clock...? Or Basil Brush's boom-boom? A new BBC4 show takes a nostalgic look at kids' favourite TV shows through the years from the innocent Muffin The Mule to the gritty Grange Hill. Here we find out what 100 famous children's presenters from the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s are up to now...." The Free Library. 2007 MGN LTD 10 Jan. 2017 https://www.thefreelibrary.com/100+children%27s+TV+stars+..+where+are+they+now%3f+Remember+it%27s+Friday%2c...-a0164089259 Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. 100 children's TV stars .. where are they now? Remember it's Friday, it's five o'clock...? Or Basil Brush's boom-boom? A new BBC4 show takes a nostalgic look at kids' favourite TV shows through the years from the innocent Muffin The Mule to the gritty Grange Hill. Here we find out what 100 famous children's presenters from the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s are up to now...." Retrieved Jan 10 2017 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/100+children%27s+TV+stars+..+where+are+they+now%3f+Remember+it%27s+Friday%2c...-a0164089259 APA style: 100 children's TV stars .. where are they now? Remember it's Friday, it's five o'clock...? Or Basil Brush's boom-boom? A new BBC4 show takes a nostalgic look at kids' favourite TV shows through the years from the innocent Muffin The Mule to the gritty Grange Hill. Here we find out what 100 famous children's presenters from the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s are up to now.... (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 10 2017 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/100+children%27s+TV+stars+..+where+are+they+now%3f+Remember+it%27s+Friday%2c...-a0164089259 50s Annette Mills Muffin the Mule Annette's last TV appearance was in Muffin The Mule's final show in 1955 - she died days later aged 61. Leila Williams Blue Peter The show's first female presenter, Leila married the lead singer of The Mudlarks and now, at 70, lives in Spain. Christopher Trace Blue Peter Christopher moved into radio and became themanager of an engineering factory. He died in 1992, aged 59. Desmond Morris Zoo Time PRESENTED from a studio inside London Zoo. Writes books on animal behaviour. Now 79, he lives with his wife in Oxford. Nat Temple Telebox Nat and his band were regulars on Telebox. The grandfather of six, 93, now lives in Surrey. His wife died in 2005. Terry Hall Lenny the Lion Puppet master Terry resur rected the hit show in 1977. Battled Alzheimer's in later life and died in April aged 80. Richard Greene Robin Hood Married a Brazilian heiress and retired to Ireland to sail boats and breed horses. Died of a heart attack in 1985. Jane Asher Robin Hood Are cipe book author, the 61-year-old married mumof - three runs a company making novelty cakes. Gerald Campion Billy Bunter Left the industry after being typecast. Ran bars in Soho and died of heart problems in 2002, aged 81. Patricia Driscoll Watch With Mother One of the first presenters of the iconic show, Patricia retired to her native Ireland. She is now 89 years old. Bill and Ben Flowerpot Men T	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,157	Which male name comes from the Greek meaning farmer or agriculture?	Farmer, Peasant Names for Boys Barric [Beric, Barak, Barrick], Bartholomew [Bat, Thole, Bartt, Bertel, Bartow, Bartome, ..], Bartlet [Bartlett, Bartlitt], Beebe , Bond , Bosworth , Calumet [Callumet], Carley [Carleigh], Carlton ▼ [Carlson, Carston, Carleton, Charlton], Chadwick ▼ [Chadwyck], Charlton [Carlton, Carleton, Charleton, Charleston], Cherokee , Chilton [Chill, Chelton], Dell ▼, Diego [Dago], Egor [Igor, Ygor], Fallows [Fallow], Farmer , Franklin ▼ [Frank, Franklyn, Francklyn, Francklin, Franklinn, Franklynn], George ▼ [Yuri, Ygor, Yorik, Yurik, Yuriy, Yorick, ..] 2. Goran - Walworth Goran , Granger [Grange, Grainger], Harcourt , Jerzy , Jordi , Joren [Jorn, Jory, Jorey, Joron, Jorry, Jorian], Jorge [Jorje], Juri [Yuri, Jaris], Kelby [Kelbey, Kelbie, Kellby], Keoki , Koresh [Choresh], Lathrop , Leonard ▼ [Lonny, Leonid, Leonis, Lonnard, Leonidas, Leonides, ..], Mayer [Meir, Myer, Maier, Meyer], Meyer ▼ [Myer, Meir, Mayer, Meier, Mayor, Mayeer], Northrop [Northrup], Paine [Pain, Payne], Spiridon [Spero, Spiro, Spiros, Spyros, Spyridon, Spiridion], Thornycroft [Thorneycroft], Walworth 3.	Behind the Name: Meaning, origin and history of the name Arnold PRONOUNCED: AHR-nəld (English), AHR-nawlt (German) [key] Meaning & History From a Germanic name meaning "eagle power", derived from the elements arn "eagle" and wald "power". The Normans brought it to England, where it replaced the Old English cognate Earnweald. It died out as an English name after the Middle Ages, but it was revived in the 19th century. Saints bearing the name include an 8th-century musician in the court of Charlemagne and an 11th-century French bishop who is the patron saint of brewers. It was also borne by Arnold of Brescia, a 12th-century Augustinian monk who rebelled against the church and was eventually hanged. Famous modern bearers include American golfer Arnold Palmer (1929-) and Austrian-American actor and politician Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-). Related Names	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,158	"What Shakespeare play features the line, ""We few, we happy few, we band of brothers...""?"	Band of Brothers, the Phrase in History and Literature Frederick Douglass \| Bonnie Blue Flag \| Hail Columbia \| 101st Airborne Band of Brothers in History and Literature A fairly thorough search of classical literature archives reveals that the first use of the term, "Band of Brothers" was by perhaps the greatest of English playwrights, William Shakespeare, in his famous history play, Henry V . The lines of the speech (The speech was invented by Shakespeare for the play.) still stir the hearts of men: And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by, From this day to the ending of the world, But we in it shall be remembered- We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; For he today that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile, This day shall gentle his condition; And gentlemen in England now-a-bed Shall think themselves accurs'd they were not here, And hold their manhoods cheap while any speaks That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day. The InDepthInfo History of Modern Europe was designed as a homeschool history textbook . It covers an exciting time in modern Europe between the Renaissance and the End of World War I. It has report suggestions, chapter quizzes, and a final examination. Perfect for high school level study. To get the full effect read the entire speech . Yet we understand here that this "band of brothers" is a martial group, dedicated and loyal. The spilling of their blood, mixed together in desperate battle, makes them a family as close as any blood tie can make them. In their desperation, their comradeship, their shared struggle they become a "band of brothers". The concept surely is as old as man himself. In some pre-Columbian cultures in America "blood brothers" were not brothers by blood in the family sense, but as in Henry V, a fighting sense. The idea has even influenced men at sea. Nelson , after the Battle of Trafalgar referred to his sea captains as a band of brothers. Nelson meant, not only their comradeship, but their elite qualities of seamanship. They were brothers in war and brothers in skill. The wooden ships that sailed the high seas in the early 1800's were driven by men of talent and technical ability. They had to be to survive the tough conditions on the oceans. Beyond comradery and skill, The "band of brothers" also evoked ideas of grim determination that went beyond the struggle. As we see in Schiller's play " Wilhelm Tell " men swear loyalty to each other to fight tyranny in their country. They determine to become a band of brothers: By this fair light which greeteth us, before Those other nations, that, beneath us far, In noisome cities pent, draw painful breath, Swear we the oath of our confederacy! A band of brothers true we swear to be, Never to part in danger or in death! [They repeat his words with three fingers raised.] We swear we will be free as were our sires, And sooner die than live in slavery! [All repeat as before.] We swear, to put our trust in God Most High, And not to quail before the might of man! The American Civil War and the years surrounding it would naturally see much use of the term, "band of brothers." And it would span both sides of the Mason-Dixon line. Stephen Douglas let it slip in a speech during the momentous Lincoln Douglas debates, "...Whigs and Democrats fought fearlessly in old times...united as a band of brothers when the peace, harmony, or integrity of the Union was imperiled." Of course, he was speaking of a previous generation, but the exhortation was meant to rally people, no matter their opinion on slavery to band together to face the threat of disunion. Also, in the North, one of the most prominent men of the age, ironically another Douglass, Frederick Douglass , writes of his time in slavery: It is not uncommon to charge slaves with great treachery toward each other, and to believe them incapable of confiding in each other; but I must say, that I never loved, esteemed, or confided in men, more than I did in these. They were as true as steel, and no band of brothers could have been more loving. There were no mean a	'We few, we happy few, we band of brothers' - the meaning and origin of this phrase Famous Last Words Browse phrases beginning with: We few, we happy few, we band of brothers Meaning One of the well-known lines from the St. Crispin's Day Speech of Shakespeare's Henry V. Origin From Shakespeare's Henry V, 1598: KING HENRY V: This story shall the good man teach his son; And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by, From this day to the ending of the world, But we in it shall be remember'd; We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; For he to-day that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile, This day shall gentle his condition: And gentlemen in England now a-bed Shall think themselves accursed they were not here, And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,159	Which tree is sometimes called the “false plane” tree?	Re: Sycamore vs Sweet Gum? PIC Re: Sycamore vs Sweet Gum? PIC Response To: Sycamore vs Sweet Gum? () John K Jordan >Sweetgum and Sycamore have quite different fruit. (photos below) The bark is much different as well - sycamore bark is very distinctive with mottled "camouflauge" bark that is often peeling - sweetgum is indicated as having deep irregular furrows and ridges. Sweetgum has a fivepointed star leaf; sycamore looks like a maple leaf. According to my references the rays in sycamore are distinctive on a radial section while those in sweetgum are nearly invisible. Note there is another tree commonly known as sycamore: the sycamore maple, acer pseudoplatanus (false plane tree) that has a winged seed like a maple and is sometimes called sycamore plane or plane tree. The common sycamore tree (with the fruit ball) is platanus occidentalis, also called american plane tree, buttonball, buttonwood, water beech. As for sweetgum, I found this in one of my books: "few North American woods equal sweetgum in the beauty of its grain." After working a bit with what I cut yesterday, I can believe it. JKJ	What Tree Is That?™ Mobile What Tree Is That?™ Mobile Does the tree bear cones and have leaves that are needle-like? CLUE: These trees are called CONIFERS (cone-bearing) and most are EVERGREEN (trees with needles or leaves that remain alive and on the tree through the winter and into the next growing season). - OR - Does the tree bear cones that are sometimes berry-like and have leaves that hug the twig and are scale-like or awl-shaped? CLUE: These trees are called CONIFERS (cone-bearing) and most are EVERGREEN. - OR - Does the tree have leaves that are flat and thin and generally shed annually? CLUE: These trees are called BROADLEAF, (a tree with leaves that are flat, thin and generally shed annually) most are DECIDUOUS (shedding all leaves annually) and bear a variety of fruit and flowers.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,160	What city were Cato, Scipio, and Crassus from?	Cato the Younger Cato the Younger Marius Sulla Pompey Crassus Caesar Cicero Cato the Younger Brutus Octavius Marcus Antonius Lepidus Agrippa Cleopatra Introduction Cato the Younger, so called to distinguish him from his famous great-grandfather Cato the Elder, was one of the most fascinating figures of the Late Roman Republic. Cato was a politician, a follower of the Stoic philosophy, and a man renowned for his legendary unyielding nature. He was reputed to be immune to bribes, a paragon of virtue, and possessed of a character that could not abide corruption or graft. For all this, however, it is also arguable that Catoï¿½s legendary stubbornness actually created the conditions that led to the eventual fall of the Republic, as Catoï¿½s unwillingness to compromise in any particular would leave Julius Caesar little choice but to cross the Rubicon. Catoï¿½s extreme character may perhaps best serve as a reminder that, as Friedrich Nietzsche noted, ï¿½Extreme positions are not succeeded by moderate ones, but by contrary extreme positions.ï¿½ As the Republic spiraled ever more out of control, Cato played a powerful role in ensuring that neither side would have any room to compromise. Early Life Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis was born in 95 BCE in Rome. He was the son of Marcus Porcius Cato and Liva Drusa, and was also related to both Servilia (one of Caesarï¿½s lovers) and Marcus Porcius Brutus (who eventually participated in the assassination of Caesar). He lost both of his parents very early and was forced to live in the house of his maternal uncle Marcus Livius Drusus. Drusus also looked after Quintus Servilius Caepio (Catoï¿½s inseparable half-brother) and Servilia. Catoï¿½s uncle Drusus was assassinated when Cato was only four years old. Cato was reputed to be an obedient and questioning child, albeit a bit slow and stubborn. The legendary stubbornness of Cato is attested to in his youth in a story by Plutarch. According to the ancient biographer, Quintus Popaedius Silo (leader of the revolting Marsi) was visiting his friend Drusus and playfully asked for the support of the children. All of them readily agreed with the exception of Cato, who instead stared silently and suspiciously at Silo. Silo demanded an answer from the boy and, upon receiving no response, picked him up and hung him by the feet from the window. Even then, Cato refused to respond, prompting the frustrated Silo to release him. An additional testament to Catoï¿½s fearless stubbornness can be found in his interactions with the dictator Sulla. As a teenager, Cato was often in the company of Sulla and frequently disagreed with the dictator in public. Rather than becoming angered, Sulla delighted in the company of Cato and Caepio. Such was Catoï¿½s youth. Political Growth Upon entering his majorityï¿½and thus his inheritanceï¿½Cato moved from his uncleï¿½s house and began his life as an adult. He intensely studied politics and Stoic Philosophy, and also began to emulate his great-grandfather Cato the Elder in both temperament and action. He exercised vigorously, subjected himself to extreme heat and cold to toughen his body, ate only what was necessary, and drank only the cheapest of wines (of which he was reputed to be overly fond). He even went so far as to wear his toga in the traditional style, without a tunica, in the cold of winter. In short, Cato lived a spartan existence, in line with his vision of the Stoic Philosophy. Significantly, although he remained secluded for an extended period of his life, when he did take his place in the forum his rhetorical skills were admired and applauded. The young Catoï¿½s forthright speech was to stand him in good stead throughout his life. Cato was betrothed to Aemilia Lepida, from a noted patrician family, but she married the famous Caecilius Metellus Scipio instead. Cato threatened to sue both of them, but eventually was convinced to marry Atilia instead. He had a son, Marcus Porcius Cato, and a daughter, Porcia. Porcia would one day marry Marcus Junius Brutus. At the age of 28, Cato was sent to Macedon in 67 BCE a	Octavian - Augustus 'Augustus' Gaius Julius Octavius (63 BC - AD 14) The future emperor Augustus was born into an equestrian family as Gaius Octavius at Rome on 23 September 63 BC. His father, Gaius Octavius, was the first in the family to become a senator, but died when Octavian was only four. It was his mother who had the more distinguished connection. She was the daughter of Julia, sister to Julius Caesar. He was of short stature, handsome and well proportioned and he possessed that commodity so rare in rulers - grace. Though he suffered from bad teeth and was generally of feeble health. His body was covered in spots and he had many birthmarks scattered over his chest and belly. As for his character it is said that he was cruel when young, but became mild later on. This, however, might just be because, as his position became more secure, the need for brutality lessened. For he was still prepared to be ruthless when necessary. He was tolerant of criticism, possessed a good sense of humour, and had a particular fondness for playing dice, but often provided his guests with money to place bets. Although unfaithful to his wife Livia Drusilla, he remained deeply devoted to her. His public moral attitudes were strict (he had been appointed pontifex (priest) at the age of fifteen or sixteen) and he exiled his daughter and his grand-daughter, both named Julia, for offending against these principles. Octavian served under Julius Caesar in the Spanish expedition of 46 BC despite his delicate health. And he was to take a senior military command in Caesar's planned Parthian expedition of 44 BC, although at the time being only 18 years old. But Octavian was with his friends Marcus Agrippa and Marcus Salvidienus Rufus in Apollonia in Epirus completing his academic and military studies, when news reached him of Caesar's assassination. At once he returned to Rome, learning on the way that Caesar had adopted him in his will. No doubt this only increased his desire to avenge Caesar's murder. Though when he arrived Octavian found power in the hands of Mark Antony and Aemilius Lepidus. They were urging compromise and amnesty. But Octavian refused to accept this attitude. With his determined stand he soon succeeded in winning over many of Caesar's supporters, including some of the legions. Though he failed to persuade Marc Antony to hand over Caesar's assets and documents. Therefore Octavian was forced to distribute Caesar's legacies to the Roman public from whatever funds he was able to raise himself. Such efforts to see Caesar's will done helped raise Octavian's standing with the Roman people considerably. Many of the senators, too, were opposed to Antony. Octavian, appreciated as Antony's primary rival by then, was granted the status of senator, despite not yet being twenty. During the summer of 44 BC the senate's leader, Cicero, delivered a series of infamous speeches against Marc Antony which came to be known as the 'Philippics'. Cicero saw in the young Octavian a useful ally. So, when in November 44 BC Antony left Rome to take command in northern Italy, Octavian was dispatched with the senate's blessing to make war on Antony. Marc Antony was defeated at Mutina (43 BC) and forced to retreat into Gaul. But now it showed that Cicero had definitely lost control of the young Octavian. Had the two reigning consuls both been killed in the battle, then in August 43 BC Octavian marched on Rome and forced the senate to accept him as consul. Three months thereafter he met with Antony and Lepidus at Bologna and the three came to an agreement, the Triumvirate. This agreement between Rome's three most powerful men completely cut off the senate from power (27 November 43 BC). Cicero was killed in the proscriptions that followed. Brutus and Cassius, Caesar's chief assassins, were defeated at Philippi in northern Greece. Octavian and Marc Antony, the winners at Philippi, reached a new agreement in October 40 BC in the Treaty of Brundisium. The Roman empire was to be divided between them, Antony taking the east, Octavian the west. The third man, Lepid	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,161	Because of an uprising that began in France and quickly spread to Italy, the Austrian Empire and Germany, which year of the 19'th century became known as the ' Year of Revolutions ' ?	SparkNotes: Europe (1815-1848): Germany and Prussia in 1848 Germany and Prussia in 1848 Germany and Prussia in 1848 → 1848 Revolutions: The Austrian Empire Germany and Prussia in 1848, page 2 page 1 of 2 Summary Prussia In Prussia, the old king, Frederick William III, had always been opposed to giving the Prussian people a constitution. Frederick William IV, who was generally as weak and unskilled as his father, similarly feared giving the people a constitution. However, the success of Prussia in the last few decades had been almost entirely due to the skilled group of bureaucrats and administrators serving the government, and all of these administrators were pushing hard for a constitutional monarchy. In March 1848, rioting began in Berlin, as the 1848 revolution fever crossed from Austria into Prussia. Frederick William IV quickly mobilized the disciplined Prussian army to suppress the revolution. However, he surprised everyone by taking a liberal stance and allowing an election to take place to elect a Prussian assembly. The elected radical revolutionaries wanted to unite Prussia with all of Germany to create a force that could challenge Russia. The Assembly also desired to grant the Polish minorities living in eastern Prussia a right of self-government. Deciding that the experiment in democratic government had gone on long enough, Frederick William IV changed his mind and dissolved the Prussian Assembly. Germany The 1848 revolutions inspired a similar nationalist movement in Germany proper. In May 1848, a group of German nationalists met at the Frankfurt Assembly. The goals of the assembly included creating a unified Germany that was Liberal and constitutionally governed. The Frankfurt assembly argued over various topics, including the question of who (the Prussian or Austrian ruler?) should rule a unified Germany. In December of 1848, the Frankfurt Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of the German People, based on the Declarations of the Rights of Man in France and the Declaration of Independence in the United States. Following the Nationalist rather than Enlightenment ideal, this declaration ignored the universal rights of all mankind and simply proclaimed the rights of Germans. In 1849, the Frankfurt Assembly offered Germany to Frederick William IV. Though he coveted the territory, Frederick William knew that an acceptance would lead to war with Austria and make him into a constitutional monarch, neither of which he desired. He turned the offer down. Thus, all the deliberation of the Frankfurt Assembly resulted in nothing. Germany remained fragmented after 1848, and the small rulers of the various small German states came back to power. Commentary Wanting to maintain the power they held within the loose confederation of the Bund, the leaders of the small German states staunchly opposed revolution. Furthermore, Prussia and Austria, who combined to dominate Germany, liked a weak Germany, primarily because they feared the possibility of a united, powerful Germany on their borders. 1	Boxer Rebellion \| Qing Dynasty Boxer Rebellion View More The Boxer Rebellion, also known as Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement, was a proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. The uprising took place in response to foreign "spheres of influence" in China, with grievances ranging from opium traders, political invasion, economic manipulation, to missionary evangelism. In China, popular sentiment remained resistant to foreign influences, and anger rose over the "unequal treaties", which the weak Qing state could not resist. Concerns grew that missionaries and Chinese Christians could use this decline to their advantage, appropriating lands and property of unwilling Chinese peasants to give to the church. This sentiment resulted in violent revolts against foreign interests. In June 1900 in Beijing, Boxer fighters threatened foreigners and forced them to seek refuge in the Legation Quarter. In response, the initially hesitant Empress Dowager Cixi, urged by the conservatives of the Imperial Court, supported the Boxers and declared war on foreign powers. Diplomats, foreign civilians and soldiers, and Chinese Christians in the Legation Quarter were under siege by the Imperial Army of China and the Boxers for 55 days. The Chinese government was split between destroying the foreigners in the Legation Quarter and extending olive branches. Clashes were reported between Chinese factions favoring war and those favoring conciliation, the latter led by Prince Qing. The supreme commander of the Chinese forces, Ronglu, claimed three years later that he acted to protect the besieged foreigners. The siege was ended when the Eight-Nation Alliance brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and captured Beijing. The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 ended the uprising and provided for severe punishments, including an indemnity of 67 million pounds (450 million taels of silver), more than the government's annual tax revenue, to be paid as indemnity over a course of thirty-nine years to the eight nations involved.[1] Copyright: © All Rights Reserved	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,162	What is the name of the test cricket venue in Leeds, England?	Is the allocation of England's home Test match venues fair? \| Open thread \| Sport \| The Guardian Sportblog Is the allocation of England's home Test match venues fair? Has the ECB got it right by retaining two Tests for Lord's each summer with one for The Oval, and giving Cardiff another Ashes Test after the disappointing Sri Lanka match this year? The Queen meets the England team during the 2009 Ashes Test at Lord's, which retains two Tests per summer until 2015. Photograph: Arthur Edwards/PA Thursday 22 September 2011 12.10 EDT First published on Thursday 22 September 2011 12.10 EDT Share on Messenger Close The England and Wales Cricket Board has announced the venues for the 10 Ashes Tests to be held in 2013 and 2015 . In the first series the five matches will be staged at Lord's, Trent Bridge, Old Trafford, The Riverside and The Oval. In 2015 the hosts will be Lord's, Trent Bridge, Cardiff, Edgbaston and The Oval. With eight counties bidding for the available Tests, one was bound to be disappointed. In this case it was Hampshire. The Rose Bowl will stage a solitary Test, against India in 2014. It will host Australia for a one-day international and a Twenty20 match in 2013, and another ODI in 2015. Gloucestershire will be frustrated that Bristol was not awarded a solitary Test in the latest tender process. Bristol will host three ODIs in the next five years, against New Zealand, India and Sri Lanka. Trent Bridge's status as a major international venue has been confirmed, with Tests due to be held there in both Ashes series, with another match against India in 2014. Lancashire will be relieved to have secured an Ashes Test after the redevelopment of Old Trafford. The county will also hold Tests against India and Pakistan in 2014 and 2016. Edgbaston will go without an England Test in either 2013 or 2014, though it is due to host a semi-final of the inaugural World Test Championship in 2013. The final of that competition will be held at Lord's, which means that New Zealand will become the first touring team ever to play a multi-match series in England without having a game at the "home of cricket". Test cricket fans in Leeds will get used to seeing the same faces, as Headingley hosts Tests against New Zealand in 2013 and 2015, and Sri Lanka in 2014 and 2016. The Yorkshire chairman and chief executive, Colin Graves, had said the county would not bid to host an Ashes Test in 2013 or 2015 because, at a cost of £1m-£2m, "it would represent too great a financial risk". The packages announced on Wednesday will earn the ECB a combined total of around £32m in staging fees. It is estimated that the MCC spent around £12m on the Premium Package. As they always tend to, England fans across the country will question why Lord's is allowed to host two Tests each year every year for the next five years, especially as The Oval is also due to host six Test matches in that time. Cardiff will be a controversial choice for an Ashes venue, especially after the depressing Test against Sri Lanka this summer, which drifted aimlessly through four damp days on a lifeless pitch before coming to a spectacular conclusion in front of a crowd of only 922 spectators. Glamorgan have already had to hand back next season's Test against West Indies, which has been reallocated to Lord's. Like Hampshire, they have been forced to ask the ECB for a time extension for the payment of the staging fees from their Test this summer. Has the ECB got it right? Does Cardiff deserve an Ashes Test ahead of more traditional venues? And should London host three Tests a year? Have your say below …	CRICKET PLAYERS & NICKNAMES ... endless! by Chinaroad Australia's 1948 tour of England ï¿½ The Invincibles Australian national cricket team ï¿½ Baggy Greens Bangladeshi national cricket team ï¿½ The Tigers Canadian national cricket team ï¿½ One Man Band New Zealand national cricket team ï¿½ The Black Caps, The Kiwis South African national cricket team ï¿½ The Proteas West Indian national cricket team ï¿½ The Windies, The Calypsos Indian national cricket team ï¿½ The Men in Blue Pakistani national cricket teamï¿½ The Stars Officials, umpires and commentators Harold Bird ï¿½ Dickie Bird Henry Blofeld ï¿½ Blowers Brent Bowden ï¿½ Billy Steve Bucknor ï¿½ Slow Death Bill Ferguson ï¿½ Fergie Bill Frindall ï¿½ The Bearded Wonder Brian Johnston ï¿½ Johnners Christopher Martin-Jenkins ï¿½ CMJ Don Mosey ï¿½ The Alderman David Shepherd ï¿½ Shep Bryan Waddle ï¿½ Wads Players Bobby Abel ï¿½ The Guv'nor Jimmy Adams ï¿½ Padams Paul Adams ï¿½ Gogga ("insect" in Afrikaans), A frog in a blender (for his unusual bowling action) Ajit Agarkar ï¿½ Bombay Duck (for his horror streak of ducks against Australia) Jonathan Agnew ï¿½ Aggers Shoaib Akhtar ï¿½ Rawalpindi Express Wasim Akram ï¿½ Prince of Pakistan, Was, Sultan of Swing Terry Alderman ï¿½ Clem (after Clem Jones, mayor of Brisbane, curator of Gabba and an alderman) Mark Alleyne ï¿½ BooBoo Mohinder Amarnath ï¿½ Jimmy, Amarnought Surinder Amarnath ï¿½ Tommy Warwick Armstrong ï¿½ the Big Ship Jason Arnberger ï¿½ Cheesy Geoff Arnold ï¿½ Horse Shahid Afridi ï¿½ The Boom Michael Atherton ï¿½ Athers B Trevor Bailey ï¿½ The Boil, Barnacle Omari Banks ï¿½ Bankie, Cowheb Richie Benaud ï¿½ Diamonds Tino Best ï¿½ The Best, Ntini Michael Bevan ï¿½ Bevvo Andrew Bichel ï¿½ Bic Jack Blackham ï¿½ Black Jack David Boon ï¿½ Boonie, Keg on Legs, Stumpy Allan Border ï¿½ A.B., Captain Grumpy Ian Botham ï¿½ Beefy,The Both,Guy Mark Boucher ï¿½ Guinness, Billy Nicky Boje ï¿½ Bodge Nathan Bracken ï¿½ Bracks Don Bradman ï¿½ The Don Ian Bell ï¿½ Belly, the team baby C Andy Caddick ï¿½ Caddyshack Chris Cairns ï¿½ B.A. (Bad Attitude) Shivnarine Chanderpaul ï¿½ Tiger Ian Chappell ï¿½ Chapelli Ewen Chatfield ï¿½ Chats, Farmer (Mer) or The Naenae Express Stuart Clark ï¿½ Sarfraz, Stu Michael Clarke ï¿½ Pup Paul Collingwood ï¿½ Nice Ginger, Colly Herbie Collins ï¿½ Horseshoe Corey Collymore ï¿½ Screw Jeremy Coney ï¿½ Mantis Colin Cowdrey ï¿½ Kipper Jeff Crowe ï¿½ Chopper Martin Crowe ï¿½ Hogan D Adam Dale ï¿½ Chipper Joe Darling ï¿½ Paddy Phillip DeFreitas ï¿½ Half-Chocolate, Daffy Aravinda de Silva ï¿½ Mad Max Fanie de Villiers ï¿½ Vinnige Fanie ("Fast Fanie" in Afrikaans) Kapil Dev ï¿½ The Haryana Express Mahendra Singh Dhoni ï¿½ Mahi Graham Dilley ï¿½ Pica Boeta Dippenaar ï¿½ Dipps Allan Donald ï¿½ White Lightning Brett Dorey ï¿½ Hunky, John J.W.H.T. Douglas ï¿½ Johnny Won't Hit Today Rahul Dravid ï¿½ Jammy, The Wall E Bruce Edgar ï¿½ Bootsy F Damien Fleming ï¿½ Flemo Stephen Fleming ï¿½ Flange Duncan Fletcher ï¿½ Fletch Keith Fletcher ï¿½ The Gnome of Essex Andrew Flintoff ï¿½ Freddy, Twiggy, Fred, family man James Foster ï¿½ The Child Graeme Fowler ï¿½ Foxy C. B. Fry ï¿½ Lord Oxford, Charles III, Almighty G Saurav Ganguly ï¿½ Maharaj, Prince of Calcutta, Dada, Bengal Tiger Joel Garner ï¿½ Big Bird Sunil Gavaskar ï¿½ Sunny, The Little Master Chris Gayle ï¿½ Cramps, Crampy Herschelle Gibbs ï¿½ Scooter, The Sack Man Adam Gilchrist ï¿½ Churchy, Gilly, The Demolition Man Ashley Giles ï¿½ Ash, the King of Spain Jason Gillespie ï¿½ Dizzy Darren Gough ï¿½ Rhino, Goughy, the Dazzler, Dancing Darren E. M. Grace ï¿½ The Coroner W.G. Grace ï¿½ The Doctor Mark Greatbatch ï¿½ Paddy Clarrie Grimmett ï¿½ The Old Fox, Grum Subhash Gupte ï¿½ Fergie H Brad Haddin ï¿½ BJ, Harry, Guildo Richard Hadlee ï¿½ Paddles Andrew Hall ï¿½ Brosh, Merv, Hally Stephen Harmison ï¿½ Harmy (or Harmi), Tinker, GBH (Grievous Bodily Harmison) Chris Harris ï¿½ Harry, Lugs Ian Harvey ï¿½ Freak Nathan Hauritz ï¿½ Horry Matthew Hayden ï¿½ Haydos, Unit	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,163	Which common four letter word takes its name from the Greek meaning 'sound returned'?	What are the most beautiful words in English? \| Dictionary.com Blog Reply MIM - August 16, 2016 - 7:01 pm I could not believe it when I read that “cellar door.” is often held up as an example of the most euphonic sound combination. When I hear /speak those words, all I can think of is the opening to a cold, dark place. Reply Natalie - May 2, 2016 - 9:10 pm There’s something so beautiful about the spoken word, and how those sounds are able to paint pictures in one’s mind. Ever since I was little, I always loved having my mother read to me. There wasn’t anything too special about my mother’s voice, other than the facts that it was familiar and comforting to me. But, I loved hearing the soft “th” sounds in words like wither, and feather. I also loved the hard consonant sounds, like “k”, in the word cook. I don’t know why, but I love hearing that word, especially when being read aloud from a book. Reply Hoober - October 30, 2015 - 7:59 am Since being very young I’ve loved the word calligraphy, pronounced as cOlligraphy though, I purely like it because of how my tongue feels in my mouth as I say it. Also I notice many entries here have some sort of La sound in them. Reply eliza - October 15, 2015 - 1:46 am the most eye catching and breath taking word for me is” imagination” it feeds your creativity and passion for adventures and romance, it is the thing that is still the young child that we all have inside us and gives us will for inspiration . Rebecca - September 17, 2015 - 3:33 pm I like anesthetize. Also partial to i griega, the Spanish word for the letter Y. Blarg - September 17, 2015 - 8:31 am Concatenation is my pick. Goddamn is also a pleasing and infinitely more useful word. Reply Edward Terry - September 15, 2015 - 2:31 pm My favorite word is porte cochere. I know it’s French but so many words in the English are derived from other languages that I think this qualifies.. Reply Jovian - September 11, 2015 - 6:25 am Syphilis was a contender in my American Lit class. At first we were all apalled, but when you think on it, it’s extremely pleasing…to the ear. Sam - September 11, 2015 - 5:05 am “Fruition” is fun to say. Me - June 25, 2015 - 2:06 pm I like the word intricate Reply Brenda - September 7, 2015 - 7:27 pm Even as a child I knew that I loved the sound of two words – hyena and Ethiopia. I was not aware that liking the soud of certain words was associated with something called phonoaesthetics. I was also not aware until I was an adult that viewing letters and numbers as coloured was not so weird but had a name – syneasthesia. Tianna - May 8, 2015 - 6:28 pm My favorite word is passionate. It sounds lovely and gives me a warm feeling inside. Reply Sydney - April 19, 2015 - 4:46 pm I love amethyst… it’s so beautiful and unique that it even has become my favorite color!!!! amethyst also flows off the tongue as well. Amethyst, and iridescence… I love those two words! Wouldn’t any of you agree? Reply Lauren - March 6, 2015 - 12:04 pm Puppy. I’ve ALWAYS thought this was the happiest, warmest, loveliest, most beautiful word in the entire English language. Say it quietly out loud: “Puppy”. I’m smiling just thinking of it. Wesley - February 3, 2015 - 5:15 pm It might sound weird but “Urethra” sounds cool. Bill - March 31, 2014 - 1:21 pm Eschew is fun to say. Lot’s nof the other people’s choics are cool too. Jacqueline - March 31, 2014 - 9:50 am “cellar door” does nothing for me. My favorite word has long been “plethora.” Arlene - March 31, 2014 - 2:31 am Soliloquy. Reply Krista - March 29, 2014 - 3:02 pm Placenta. I have to add this because my friend is a nurse and during the delivery of the baby of a non-English speaking woman, she heard the nurses talking about Placenta, and she thought it was the most beautiful name in the world. They could not talk her out of naming her baby Placenta. Reply Richard - April 9, 2014 - 6:14 am If it is true that you have a friend who named her baby Placenta, then she is a Morontus Maximus as are you for keeping her as your friend. KP - March 29, 2014 - 2	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,164	"Which religious organisation's newspaper is called ""The War Cry""?"	BBC - Religions - Christianity: Salvation Army Salvation Army Last updated 2009-07-30 About the quasi-military Protestant Christian group known as the Salvation Army, its organisation, charity work and famous connection with music. On this page Introduction Introduction The Salvation Army is a Protestant denomination of the Christian Church with over 1.6 million members in 109 countries. In the UK there are over 800 Salvation Army parishes (known as corps), over 1,500 ordained ministers (known as officers) and 54,000 members (including senior soldiers, adherents and junior soldiers). Salvation Army officers wear a military-style uniform, though some officers may wear a more informal uniform when undertaking certain duties. Members of the church often choose to wear a uniform, but are not required to do so. Salvation Army halls are registered as places of worship. Salvation Army officers are ordained ministers of religion, and can conduct weddings and funerals. The Salvation Army is famous for its work with people who have fallen on hard times: it offers help to the elderly, the young, offenders, drug addicts and blind and disabled people; it provides food and shelter for the homeless and operates food distribution centres. The Salvation Army was founded in 1865, in the East End of London, by William Booth. Booth was an evangelist who wanted to offer practical help to the poor and destitute as well as preaching the Gospel to them. It was originally called the Christian Mission, but changed its name to the Salvation Army in 1878. In brief The Salvation Army is an evangelical Protestant denomination of the universal Christian Church It is a 'holiness' movement Its message is based on the Bible Its ministry is motivated by the love of God Its mission is: to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ to meet human needs in His name without discrimination Its theology is mainstream Protestant It is famous for: its family member tracing service its quasi-military structure the uniform worn by members its music It was founded in 1865 in London, England, by William Booth The name Salvation Army dates from 1878 Statistics 1.6 million members (including senior soldiers, adherents and junior soldiers) Found in 109 countries 15,339 corps (parishes or church units) 17,346 full time ministers (officers) 1,000 schools and 250 hospitals and clinics worldwide, in impoverished areas 2,500 bands - both brass ensembles and other styles of music UK Over 54,000 members (including senior soldiers, adherents and junior soldiers) Over 800 corps (parishes or church units) Over 1500 full time ministers (officers) Salvation Army officers with Lorraine Kelly and Philip Schofield launching the annual Pass the Parcel Christmas Toy Appeal © Odds and ends "Strawberry Fields Forever" in the Beatles 1966 song by that name, is John Lennon's nostalgic reference to a Salvation Army orphanage called Strawberry Field in Woolton, England. Lennon is said to have played with childhood friends in the trees behind the orphanage when he was a boy. The phrase 'on the wagon' was coined by men and women receiving the services of The Salvation Army. Former National Commander Evangeline Booth - founder William Booth's daughter - drove a hay wagon through the streets of New York to encourage alcoholics on board for a ride back to The Salvation Army. Hence, alcoholics in recovery were said to be on the wagon. History William Booth The Salvation Army was formed in England in 1865 by William Booth, a former Methodist minister. Booth had his first real religious experiences with the Wesleyan Methodists in his early teens. He was converted to Christianity in 1844, and gave his first sermons at the age of seventeen in Nottingham in 1846. By the 1850s he was working as an evangelist amongst the poor and uneducated. Booth was something of a maverick and didn't fit easily in the ranks of existing religious institutions. After falling out with several churches he decided to strike out alone and launched the 'Christian Mission to the Heathen of our Own Country' in 1865 from a tent in Whitec	General Knowledge #5 - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. General Knowledge #5 What does the legal term �caveat emptor� mean? Let the buyer beware Which Russian author wrote the novel A Month in the Country? Ivan Turgenev What do the initials UNICEF stand for? United Nations International Children�s Emergency Fund. Who was the last king of Rome? Tarquin the Proud. Which opera was composed by Verdi for the opening of the Suez Canal? Aida Which important religious building contains the Kaaba? Great Mosque at Mecca Which French dramatist wrote Tartuffe and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme? Moli�re By what name was William Joyce known in World War II? Lord Haw-Haw A covey is the group name for what type of bird? Partridge Which English poet lived with his sister at Dove Cottage, Grasmere in the English Lake District? Wordsworth What is the medical name for short-sightedness? Myopia What name is given to the magical beliefs and practices associated particularly with Haiti? Voodoo Which fortified palace on a rocky hill in Granada is an outstanding example of Moorish architecture? Alhambra Which female aviator established records with solo flights to Australia, Tokyo and the Cape of Good Hope in the 1930s? Amy Johnson, In which year did Hillary and Tenzing become the first mountaineers to reach the summit of Mount Everest? 1953 What is the English name for the movement in French cinema called �nouvelle vague�? New Wave Who was the first president of the French Fifth Republic? Charles De Gaulle From which country did Iceland win total independence in June 1944? Denmark Which North American aquatic rodent is also known as a musquash? Muskrat What was the name of the raft used by Thor Heyerdahl on his 1947 expedition? Kon-tiki, Who sailed around the world in the yacht Gipsy Moth IV? Sir Francis Chichester In which Middle Eastern country is the Roman city of Jerash? Jordan On which mountain in Ireland (also known as The Reek) did St Patrick fast for 40 days and nights in 441AD? Croagh Patrick On which island is the poet Rupert Brooke buried? Skyros In which US state is the Spurr Volcano? Alaska Who was the first British-born astronaut to walk in space? Dr Michael Foale Which is the world�s second largest desert? Australian Desert, Which flower has the Latin name Bellis perennis? Common daisy, The Ligurian Sea is an arm of which body of water? Mediterranean Sea Mossad is the secret service of which country? Israel In Greek mythology, who was the giant watchman with one hundred eyes? Argos Orly airport serves which city? Paris What �R� is the active form of vitamin A found in margarines, oily fish and dairy fats? Retinol Which South African surgeon performed the world�s first successful heart transplant? Dr Christiaan Barnard. In which 1981 film do Jeremy Irons and Meryl Streep say farewell? The French Lieutenant�s Woman, Named after a town in north-east India, which high quality tea with a delicate taste is known as the �Champagne of teas�? Squid What is the name of the dish, originating from North Africa, that consists of steamed semolina? Couscous Which great circle may be terrestrial or celestial? The Equator, What meat-derived foodstuff did Kenneth Daigneau famously give a name to in 1937 Spam What name is given to members of the United Society of Believers in Christ�s Second Appearing? The Shakers Which Roman historian wrote a history of Rome in 142 volumes? Livy, Lake Taupo is the largest lake in which country? New Zealand Of which republic in the Caribbean is Port au Prince the capital? Haiti, Who succeeded James A Garfield as US president in 1881? Chester A Arthur, In which year was Pompeii destroyed by Vesuvius? 79AD Which studio album by Queen first featured the song We Will Rock You? News of the World, Which is the second largest mountain system in North America? Appalachians, Which is the only seal that feeds on penguins? Leopard seal Which creature of Australia and New Guinea is also called a spiny anteater? Echidna Guernsey, Jersey and Sark are pa	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,165	The headquarters of the International Ice Hockey Federation is in which European city	Champions Hockey League Champions Hockey League Past winners Champions Hockey League The Champions Hockey League was introduced for the 2008/2009 season with champions and top teams from seven European countries. The ZSC Lions Zurich (Switzerland) won the first edition in an exciting home-and-away final against Metallurg Magnitogorsk (Russia). Click here for the 2008/2009 season. Due to the global financial crisis the competition was not played after that season but has been reintroduced for the 2014/2015 season under a new structure. The Champions Hockey League is operated by a new shareholder company in Zurich owned by the IIHF, six founding domestic leagues (Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland) and 26 founding clubs from those leagues. Additional teams from these countries as well as from France, Denmark, Great Britain, Italy, Norway and Slovakia participate in the inaugural season that includes 44 teams. The various stakeholders are represented in the CHL Executive Board that includes IIHF Vice President Kalervo Kummola as representative of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The Champions Hockey League uses infrastructural synergies with the International Ice Hockey Federation with its offices located at the headquarters of the IIHF and the use of the IIHF’s statistical system Hydra. The commercial partner of the CHL is Infront Sports & Media. For more information and updates please visit www.championshockeyleague.net .	Americas \| United Nations United Nations Americas Americas The centre of UN activity in North America is New York City, USA, host of the United Nations Headquarters. The centre of UN activity in South America is Santiago, Chile, home to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean . UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe View of the Gray Lake Glacier in Torres del Paine, Chile. where Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon visited in 2007 to see first hand the effects of the climate change on melting glaciers. United Nations Headquarters UN Headquarters in New York City, USA, is home to the General Assembly , Security Council , Economic and Social Council , Trusteeship Council , and much of the UN Secretariat . New York City also hosts the headquarters of UNDP , UNICEF, UNFPA and UN Women . Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean , in Santiago, Chile contributes to the economic development of Latin America, coordinates actions directed towards this end, reinforces economic ties among countries and with other nations of the world, and promotes the region's social development. Secretary-General UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has Special and Personal Representatives and Envoys to the Americas. Department of Political Affairs (DPA) The UN’s Department of Political Affairs works in many countries, regions, and areas of concern in the Americas. Department of Public Information (DPI) The United Nations has 10 Information Centres in the Americas. UN System Offices in the Americas United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) UNDP works with national and independent partners in countries and territories in the Americas region to promote its main goals, foster knowledge exchange and help countries achieve the MDGs. UNDP's Regional Centre in Panama serves countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. It focuses on strengthening the capacities of the country offices, which in turn assist governments and communities in achieving sustainable development and the MDGs. UNDP Headquarters is in New York City. UN Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) UNCDF has country programmes in the Americas. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) UNICEF has country offices in Latin America and the Caribbean, and a regional office in Panama City, Panama . UNICEF Headquarters is in New York City. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) UNFPA has a regional office in Panama City, Panama and a sub-regional office (Caribbean) in Kingston, Jamaica . The UNFPA Sub-Regional Office for the Caribbean serves countries and overseas territories in the English and Dutch-Speaking Caribbean. UNFPA Headquarters is in New York City. The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) UNHCR works in the Americas in Latin America , North America and the Caribbean . World Health Organization (WHO) WHO works in countries in the Americas Its regional office for the Americas is located in Washington DC (United States) . Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) UNAIDS works in the Americas in the United States and Canada, and has country offices in Latin America and in the Caribbean region . International Labour Organization (ILO) The ILO gives support to the Americas Region through its country offices in Lima, Peru , San José, Costa Rica , Santiago de Chile, Chile , Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago , Buenos Aires, Argentina , Brasilia, Brazil , Mexico City. Mexico , Montevideo, Uruguay and the United States . UN Women UN Women operates in Latin America and the Caribbean through its regional office in Panama City. It has country offices in Bolivia, Brazil, Barbados, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti and Mexico. UN Women Headquarters is in New York City. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) UNIDO has a liaison office in New York and regional and country offices in Latin America and the Caribbean, and a Focal point in Cuba. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) UNESCO has offices in Latin America and the Caribbean and a lia	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,166	A podiatrist works on which part of the human body?	Foot & Ankle Anatomy - Foot Anatomy - HealthCommunities.com Foot & Ankle Anatomy Print Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle The human foot combines mechanical complexity and structural strength. The ankle serves as foundation, shock absorber and propulsion engine. The foot can sustain enormous pressure (several tons over the course of a one-mile run) and provides flexibility and resiliency. The foot and ankle contain: 26 bones (One-quarter of the bones in the human body are in the feet.); 33 joints; more than 100 muscles, tendons and ligaments (Tendons are fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones and ligaments are fibrous tissues that connect bones to other bones.); and a network of blood vessels, nerves, skin, and soft tissue. These components work together to provide the body with support, balance, and mobility. A structural flaw or malfunction in any one part can result in the development of problems elsewhere in the body (such as back pain ). Abnormalities in other parts of the body can lead to problems in the feet. Parts of the Foot Structurally, the foot has three main parts: the forefoot, the midfoot, and the hindfoot. Top View of Foot Bones Side View of Foot Bones Click on the images to view a larger version. The forefoot is composed of the five toes (called phalanges) and their connecting long bones (metatarsals). Each toe (phalanx) is made up of several small bones. The big toe (also known as the hallux) has two phalanx bones—distal and proximal. It has one joint, called the interphalangeal joint. The big toe articulates with the head of the first metatarsal and is called the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ for short). Underneath the first metatarsal head are two tiny, round bones called sesamoids. The other four toes each have three bones and two joints. The phalanges are connected to the metatarsals by five metatarsal phalangeal joints at the ball of the foot. The forefoot bears half the body's weight and balances pressure on the ball of the foot. The midfoot has five irregularly shaped tarsal bones, forms the foot's arch, and serves as a shock absorber. The bones of the midfoot are connected to the forefoot and the hindfoot by muscles and the plantar fascia (arch ligament). The hindfoot is composed of three joints and links the midfoot to the ankle (talus). The top of the talus is connected to the two long bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula), forming a hinge that allows the foot to move up and down. The heel bone (calcaneus) is the largest bone in the foot. It joins the talus to form the subtalar joint. The bottom of the heel bone is cushioned by a layer of fat. Publication Review By: John J. Swierzewski, D.P.M. Published: 30 Dec 1999	Systems of the Body, Body Systems, Human Anatomy, Anatomy After reading one of the Body Systems - Go take a Quiz! Hair is a "keratinized" threadlike outgrowth from the skin of mammals. A mammal is an animal in the class Mammalia that are distinguished by having hair, a self-regulating body temperature, and in females they have milk-producing mammary glands to feed their young. Back to the word "keratinized;" keratain is an extremely tough protein substance in your hair, fingernails and skin. When a tissue is "keratinized," it becomes hard or horny, therefore it is called horny tissue (hair, skin and nails). Human hair is made of the same stuff (keratin) that is found in human fingernails, animal hooves, feathers, antlers, horns, and claws. The body protein, keratin, grows out of a tiny opening in the skin called a follicle. Human hair is a thin, flexible shaft of horny/hard cells that develops from a cylindrical invagination of the epidermis (top layer of the skin). An invagination means that it is ensheathed in something. Each hair follicle (tiny sac) consists of a free portion of shaft (scapus pili) and a root (radix pili) embedded within the follicle. While it may seem as though humans are hairless being, this couldn't be further from the truth. All over your body you have hair except of course for your lips and the palms of your hands and soles of your feet. By the time you reach adulthood, you will have at least 5 million hairs growing out of your skin, all over your body. The odd thing is, this is the same as a gorilla, only the gorilla's hair is thick and long. The human hair on the skin is small and thin making it difficult to detect. The shaft of the hair follicle consists of three layers of cells: The cuticle or outermost layer The cortex, forming the main horny portion of the hair The medulla, which is the central axis When it comes to getting goosebumps, even though human hair is small and thin making it difficult, it is easy to detect your hair when you get goosebumps. Then you'll really notice how much hair your have. When your body becomes, frightened or startled, you may develop goosebumps. They are tiny and temporary bumps on your skin caused by the contraction of the muscles that are attached to the hair follicles. The muscles will tighten on those hairs and WA-LAH, the hairs will stand upright. In animals, the purpose of goosebumps is to fluff up their fur or feathers. This helps them trap air and creates warmth and it also makes them look bigger and scarier. Some hair is curly and some hair is straight. This depends on the actual shape of the follicle (little sac) out of which the hair is growing. Straight hair will lay flat because it is round and grows out of round follicles. Curly hair bends and turns because its cross-section is an oval because it grows out of oval follicles. Some hair is dark, some is white and some hair is completely white or gray. Hair color is dependent on the pigment in the cortex that forms the main horny portion of the hair. Gray or white is simply hair without pigment. This same chemical pigment is what determines our skin color. It is called melanin. Since hair comes out of skin, if you do not have melanin in your body, this gives you white hair; a little more melanin will create a blonde or strawberry blond appearance; more melanin will make you a red-head; and even more melanin will make brown-hair; and further down the line, even more melanin will make your hair black or even blue-black. JUST THE FACTS: Hair of the eyebrow lasts only 3 - 5 months. Hair of the scalp lasts only 2 - 5 years. About 80 - 100 hairs will fall out of your head every day, and you still have over 100,000 hair follicles left. Even where it "appears" you have no hair on your body, there are about 5 million of them. Hair in each part of your body has a definite period of growth after which it will shed. In the adult human there is a constant and gradual loss and replacement of hair.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,167	"Which U.S. born sculptor's works include ""Genesis"", ""The Rock Drill"" and ""Jacob and the Angel""?"	Jacob Epstein: Modern Sculptor, Biography For the evolution of plastic art, see: History of Sculpture . For the world's finest 3-D works, see: Greatest Sculptures . For the best artists, see: Greatest Sculptors . Introduction The American-born British sculptor Sir Jacob Epstein, was one of the most important early pioneers of Modern British sculpture during the 1930s and 40s. Although he was also a successful portraitist, sculpting the portraits of eminent people such as Winston Churchill, TS Eliot and Albert Einstein, his real desire was to create serious and meaningful sculpture that would 'confront our enfeebled generation'. Although a master of stone and marble sculpture , as well as wood-carving , many of his works proved controversial, but his Bohemian appearance and connections to high society ensured that he was not ignored. His Rock Drill (1913, original now lost) astounded many when it was exhibited in 1915, both for its brutality and its use of real mechanical parts. Other noteworthy works include The Tomb of Oscar Wilde (1912, Pere Lachaise Cemetery, Paris) and Jacob and the Angel (1940, Granada Television Studios). He ranks alongside Henry Moore, David Hockney and Lucian Freud as one of the greatest modern artists of 20th century Britain. See also works by his German expressionist contemporary Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919). Early Life and Training Epstein was born in New York. As a child he was quite ill, so he spent long periods indoors, sketching. In 1896 he took classes at the Art Students League and then attended night school to study drawing and sculptural modeling (by day he worked in a bronze foundry). It was here that he began sculpting under George Grey Bernard (1863-1938). With the proceeds of his first commission in illustrating Hutchins Hapgood's The Spirit of the Ghetto (1902), Epstein was able to move to Paris, where he studied at the Academie Julian and the Ecole des Beaux-Arts . It was in Paris that he was greatly inspired by primitivist sculptural forms during a visit to the Trocadero Museum. In 1905 he moved to London, where he was married the following year. He surrounded himself with a bohemian artistic crowd and was determined to distinguish his art from all others. In 1907 he received his first major commission - 18 figures for the facade of the British Medical Association's head office. Instead of using forms from conventional Greek sculpture , he chose to experiment with Indian figures which were considered overtly sensual. The results were loudly deplored. Other works from this period include Maternity (1910, Leeds City); The Tomb of Oscar Wilde (1912) and a bronze Head of the Poet W.H. Davies (1916, Newport Museum of Art, UK). He became a British Citizen in 1910. In 1912 Epstein travelled to Paris, where he met three of the most famous 20th Century sculptors - all members of the Ecole de Paris - namely Modigliani (1884-1920), Picasso (1881-1973) and the Romanian Constantin Brancusi (1886-1957). Returning to England, he became a founding member of the London Group in 1913 which was an amalgamation of the Camden Town group and the English Vorticism movement. The group was reacting to the traditional influence of the Royal Academy, and were determined to organize their own exhibitions, focusing mainly on modern art , including painting and sculpture. Other key members were Percy Wyndham Lewis (18821957), Walter Richard Sickert (18601942) and Henri Gaudier-Brzeska (18911915). The same year Epstein had his first solo exhibition at Gallery Twenty-One. After this he exhibited mainly at the Leicester Gallery. Rock Drill His first celebr	The Virgin of the Rocks Renaissance Blog The Virgin of the Rocks. It seems strange that in The Virgin of the Rocks we see two complete versions of a subject from an artist who failed to finish so many of his commissions. Leonardo's Louvre version of 1483/1486 is the earlier of the two works while the National Gallery painting is dated 1495/1508. Both paintings are oil on panel but the Louvre version has been transferred to canvass. The painting may have suffered some damage during the transfer process but it's condition is now stable. The Leonardo exhibition at the National Gallery in London (Leonardo da Vinci, Painter at the Court of Milan) displayed these two works together in the same room for the first time ever. Although never achieving the same monumental impression gained by seeing the works in the flesh, I have placed images of the paintings side by side so that direct comparisons of the similarities and differences can be made. The Virgin of the Rocks was commissioned (not long after Leonardo's move to Milan) by the Franciscan Confraternity in the Church of San Francesco Grande. Leonardo was assisted by two local artists, the Predis brothers, their task was to create an altarpiece for the recently completed chapel dedicated to the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. The Predis brothers completed two side panels while da Vinci painted the centre panel. Shortly after the altarpiece was finished the artists became embroidered in a dispute about payment resulting in the artists threatening to sell the work to a rival bidder. It is likely that this dispute resulted in the making of the second version of the Virgin of the Rocks, the one now in the National Gallery in London, and in fact it was the London Virgin that was placed in the chapel in San Francesco Grande. The original Paris version was quickly sold to an art lover soon after completion. The Virgin or the Rocks. Leonardo da Vinci. (s) 199 × 122 cm, 78.3 × 48.0 Louvre, Paris. The Virgin of the Rocks. Leonardo da Vinci. (s) 189.5 × 120 cm, 74.6 × 47.25 National Gallery, London. The subject of the paintings is a legendary meeting between the infant Jesus and John the Baptist on the flight into Egypt. The Madonna is at the centre of the composition with Jesus seated with the angel Uriel his arm raised in blessing, John's hands are seen clasped in prayer. Personal Opinion :- I have seen both of these paintings and don't really have a favourite, although the London version seems to be more tightly finished than the one in the Louvre, I like them both. How's that for sitting on the fence? The brushwork and contrast between light and dark (chiaroscuro) is typical Leonardo and standing before these paintings you do feel the power and the presence of the great artist. It really is shiver up the spine time! Enjoy. The Side Panel Musician Angels. Angel playing the Violin. Ambrogio de Predis, oil on wood, 118.7 x 61cm. National Gallery, London (s) These are the two side panels of the Altarpiece, the Angel with the Violin is the left panel and the Lute playing Angel is the right panel. The Angel in Green's attribution to the Predis brothers, Ambrogio and Evangelista, has been disputed in recent times. Possible candidates for the work include Marco d' Oggiono and Francesco Galli, however the debate continues! Virgin of the Rocks. Stylized View of the Altarpiece. (s) This diagram with the paintings in their correct positions gives some insight of how the altarpiece would have looked. Mini Gallery. Jesus and Uriel (Paris) (s) Jesus and Uriel (London) (s) St John (Paris) (s) St John (London) (s) Detail of Uriel (above) and right is a detail of the Christ Child, both from the London version. (s) In the London version halos have been added as has John the Baptist's staff, also John's is pose has changed slightly from the Louvre version. The angel Uriel no longer points at the figure of John and these changes are probably intended to clarify the identity of the two infants. This resolves and dismisses any suggestion that the child closest to the Mad	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,168	Lake Nasser is in which African country?	Lake Nasser \| lake, Africa \| Britannica.com Lake Nasser Alternative Titles: Buḥayrat Nāṣir, Lake Nubia Similar Topics Lake Nyasa Lake Nasser, also called Lake Nubia, reservoir on the Nile River , in Upper Egypt and northern Sudan . It was created by the impounding of the Nile’s waters by the Aswan High Dam , which was built in the 1960s and dedicated in 1971. Lake Nasser has a gross capacity of 136,927,000 acre-feet (168,900,000,000 cubic metres), and its waters, when discharged downstream, have brought 800,000 acres (324,000 hectares) of additional land under irrigation and have converted 700,000 acres (283,000 hectares) from flood to perennial irrigation. The lake has been stocked with food fish. Lake Nasser, Egypt. © hallam creations/Shutterstock.com The creation of the lake threatened to submerge a number of significant historical sites—notably the tombs and temples at Philae and Abu Simbel —under its waters. The Egyptian government appealed to UNESCO , with whose assistance many monuments were dismantled and reconstructed on safer ground. In the early 1980s land-reclamation projects began in the desert around the lake. The northern two-thirds of the lake, lying in Egypt , is named for Gamal Abdel Nasser , president (1956–70); the southern third, in The Sudan, is called Lake Nubia. Learn More in these related articles: Nile River river, the father of African rivers and the longest river in the world. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. It has a length of about 4,132 miles (6,650 kilometres) and drains an area estimated at 1,293,000 square miles... Upper Egypt geographic and cultural division of Egypt, generally consisting of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel N. It thus consists of the entire Nile River valley from Cairo south to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam). This division also includes what some scholars term... Sudan country located in northeastern Africa. The name Sudan derives from the Arabic expression bilād al-sūdān (“land of the blacks”), by which medieval Arab geographers referred to the settled African countries that began at the southern edge of the Sahara. For more... 5 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References physiography of Egypt (in Egypt: Relief ) External Links Lake Nasser - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11) Lake Nasser is an artificial lake in southern Egypt. It was created when the Aswan High Dam was built in the 1960s. The dam held back water from the Nile River and formed the lake. The lake is named after Gamal Abdel Nasser, the president of Egypt from 1956 to 1970. Lake Nasser - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) A reservoir on the Nile River, Lake Nasser is located in Upper Egypt and northern Sudan. It was created by the impounding of the Nile’s waters by the Aswan High Dam, which was built in the 1960s and dedicated in 1971. Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our crit	Presidents of Egypt Presidents of Egypt Egypt's new President, Mohammed Morsi Flag of Egypt Presidents of Egypt President Muhammad Naguib (in office June 18,1953 to November 14, 1954)--Assumed office after leading the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, in which King Farouk was overthown by then-Lieutenant General Muhammad Naguib and Gamel Abdel Nasser. Naguib becomes Egypt's first President. President Gamal Abdel Nasser (in office November 14, 1954 to September 28, 1970)--Nasser became president after forcing President Naguib from office. Nasser served as president until his death. Nasser was succeeded by his vice-president, Anwar Sadat. President Anwar el-Sadat (in office September 28, 1970 to October 6, 1981 )--Sadat became president upon the death of his predecessor, Gamel Nasser. Sadat waged war against Israel in 1973, and made peace with Israel in 1979. In October, 1981 Sadat was assassinated by Muslim militants who were unhappy with his peace treaty with Israel. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Hosni Mubarak. President Hosni Mubarak (in office October 6, 1981 to February 11, 2011 )--Mubarak became president upon the assassination of his predecessor, Anwar Sadat. Mubarak imposed Emergency Rule upon the death of Sadat, and maintained his rule as an autocratic dictator until resignining the presidency in February, 2011 in the face of massive unrest . As of February 11, 2011, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, led by Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Soliman, became the ruling authority upon the resignation of President Mubarak. President Mohammed Morsi--(elected in June, 2012)--Morsi, running as the candidate of the once-outlawed Muslim Brotherhood, won Egypt's first free election with nearly 52% of the vote.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,169	Which is the northernmost Scandinavian country?	The Countries of Scandinavia The Countries of Scandinavia Updated August 30, 2016. Where is Scandinavia: Scandinavia is a region in northern Europe . The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in Europe and it extends from above the Arctic Circle to the North and Baltic Seas. Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region covering much of Northern Europe. In the past, Scandinavia has been defined as the three kingdoms that historically shared the Scandinavian Peninsula. Today, most define Scandinavia as a region which includes: Finland and Iceland are generally included. Greenland , however, is rarely included. If you would like to be introduced to the Scandinavian countries and have ever wondered where exactly Scandinavia is, you have come to the right place... Denmark: The southernmost Scandinavian country, Denmark consists of the Jutland peninsula and over 400 islands, some of which are linked to the mainland by bridge. Almost all of Denmark is low and flat, but there are many low hills as well. continue reading below our video Beware! The 5 Most Common Travel Scams Windmills and traditional thatched cottages can be seen everywhere. Note that the Faroe Islands and Greenland both belong to the Kingdom of Denmark. Official language: Danish . Capital: Copenhagen . Norway: Also called "The Land of Vikings, and the Midnight Sun ," Norway is the northernmost country in Europe. Norway has a jagged expanse of islands and fjords. The maritime industry sustains the economy here. Official language: Norwegian . Capital: Oslo . Sweden: Sweden offers numerous lakes and is the largest of the Scandinavian countries - both in land size and population. Volvo and Saab both originated here and are a big part of the Swedish industry. Swedish citizens are independently minded and highly regard their people-oriented social programs, especially in women's rights. Official language: Swedish . Capital: Stockholm . Iceland: With a surprisingly mild climate, Iceland is Europe's westernmost country, the second largest island in the North-Atlantic ocean. Flight time to Iceland is only 3 1/2 hours from the European mainland. Iceland has a strong economy, low unemployment, and low inflation, and its per capita income is among the highest in the world. Official language: Icelandic . Capital: Reykjavik . Finland: Finland is another country where the weather is better than many tourists expect. Finland also has one of the lowest immigration rates in the world. Official language: Finnish (aka Suomi) . Take a look at the weather in Finland , and learn more about the travel destination Finland and its interesting capital Helsinki . Now that you know more about Scandinavia's countries, take a look at the maps of Scandinavia and learn more about the capitals of Scandinavia . About Scandinavia: Scandinavia is considered to be the northern European peninsula that includes the countries of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and several thousands of islands. In modern times, sometimes Finland is considered to belong to this region, if only partially in terms of either culture, travel or political issues at some point. Also, see Scandinavia or Nordic Countries? Be sure to explore the country-specific categories on the left to learn more about the countries of Scandinavia, their capitals, and more travel tips! You can also take a look at the Maps of Scandinavia !	The Vikings homeland is Scandinavian The Viking Age: 793-1066 AD The Vikings landed in Greenland and parts of Canada 500 years prior to Columbus. They dominated trade and exploration from 793 AD until 1066 AD. This time period was known as the Viking Age. The main reason for Viking success was their ships and navigational skills. The Viking Ships were able to cross the North Atlantic and were also capable of navigated the shallowest waters like rivers of Europe. During the Viking Age overpopulation became a leading reason to search for new lands and the migration to them. The first stage of these migrations was to England and the European mainland. Then in the mid 9th century Vikings turned their attention to uninhabited islands reported further west - first the Faeroe Islands, then Iceland, and later Greenland. On these virgin lands the Vikings had a dramatic impact on the environment by cutting down forests, hunting unsuspecting wildlife, and introducing new animals and plants. This process was known as landnï¿½m, literally ï¿½land-taking.ï¿½ The Vikings homeland was Scandinavian. Scandinavian consisted of three major countries Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Each country extended their power into Europe, and effected three different areas giving them the largest trade network of the time. The Danish Vikings extended to the Eastern coast of England, and the western coast of Europe. They made raids that extended to Spain, the Mediterranean, and Northern Africa. In England they formed the towns of Dublin and York. The Swedish Vikings began to explore, trade, and raid Eastern Europe and Russia. They had economic influence in the Black Sea, the Caspian, and Eastern Mediterranean. In Russia the Swedish Vikings became so powerful they founded a dynasty that ruled Kiev. Then there were the Vikings who explored the North Atlantic and expanded westward to Iceland and Greenland. These were Vikings from Norway. Famous Vikings like Erik the Red and Leif Eriksson were from Norwegian decent. We also get some of the most famous Viking accounts and epic stories from the Icelandic Norwegians in the Vinland Sagas. Vikings influenced many changes in Europe, but the most important change occurred because of Europe's influence on Scandinavia. They went from a polytheistic society to a monotheistic society with in three centuries of the introduction of Christianity . Conversion from the old ways occurred as Scandinavians in the Viking age traveled and traded more with Western Europeans and the British Isles. Christianity had already taken a hold in Europe by the time the Vikings began trade and political relations. Little by little the Old Norse religion was replaced with Christianity, small changes would occur time from time, but finally at the start of the eleventh century Christianity dominated the old Scandinavian ways. Iceland is estimated to have been discovered in the year 870 A.D. by a Norwegian king named Ingolf Arnarson. He lived where the capital is now, and gave it the name Reykjavï¿½k. In 930, the Icelandic parliament in ancient times, Althing was founded. The Althing is the oldest known parliament in the world. It met periodically at a site known as the Thingvellor. The people of Iceland were mainly farmers, sheep herders, and fishermen. They usually gained more wealth once arriving from Norway. The most famous Icelander, and Viking explorer was Erik the Red. He was born in Iceland of Norwegian decent. He was a humble man, a farmer/hunter/fisherman like most of the Icelandic population. He was well liked by many, but like everyone he had enemies. Erik after he felt he was cheated took law into his own hands and murdered a man for the injustice he had caused him. For his crime he was put to trial by the Althing. He was found guilty and as his punishment he was exiled from Iceland for three years. Erik then gathered a crew of men and set off to sea in the summer of 982. His plan was to find and explore lands he	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,170	From which empire did Greece gain its independece, in 1830?	War of Greek Independence \| Britannica.com War of Greek Independence revolution War of Greek Independence, (1821–32), rebellion of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire , a struggle which resulted in the establishment of an independent kingdom of Greece . The rebellion originated in the activities of the Philikí Etaireía (“Friendly Brotherhood”), a patriotic conspiracy founded in Odessa (now in Ukraine) in 1814. By that time the desire for some form of independence was common among Greeks of all classes, whose Hellenism, or sense of Greek nationality, had long been fostered by the Greek Orthodox Church , by the survival of the Greek language , and by the administrative arrangements of the Ottoman Empire. Their economic progress and the impact of Western revolutionary ideas further intensified their Hellenism. The revolt began in March 1821 when Alexandros Ypsilantis , the leader of the Etairists, crossed the Prut River into Turkish-held Moldavia with a small force of troops. Ypsilantis was soon defeated by the Turks, but, in the meantime, on March 25, 1821 (the traditional date of Greek independence), sporadic revolts against Turkish rule had broken out in the Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos), in Greece north of the Gulf of Corinth (Korinthiakós), and on several islands. Within a year the rebels had gained control of the Peloponnese, and in January 1822 they declared the independence of Greece. The Turks attempted three times (1822–24) to invade the Peloponnese but were unable to retrieve the area. Greece: Revolt in the Peloponnese Internal rivalries, however, prevented the Greeks from extending their control and from firmly consolidating their position in the Peloponnese. In 1823 civil war broke out between the guerrilla leader Theódoros Kolokotrónis and Geórgios Kountouriótis, who was head of the government that had been formed in January 1822 but that was forced to flee to the island of Hydra (Ýdra) in December 1822. After a second civil war (1824), Kountouriótis was firmly established as leader, but his government and the entire revolution were gravely threatened by the arrival of Egyptian forces, led by Ibrāhīm Pasha , which had been sent to aid the Turks (1825). With the support of Egyptian sea power, the Ottoman forces successfully invaded the Peloponnese; they furthermore captured Missolonghi in April 1826, the town of Athens (Athína) in August 1826, and the Athenian acropolis in June 1827. Similar Topics	George II (Greek: Γεώργιος Β', Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (20 July 1890 - 1 April 1947) ruled Greece from 1922 to 1924 and from 1935 to 1947. Early life, first period of kingship and exile George was born at the royal villa at Tatoi, near Athens, the eldest son of Constantine I, King of the Hellenes and his wife, Princess Sophia of Prussia. He was a gr...eat-grandson of Queen Victoria and grandson of George I of Greece, the Danish prince of Glucksburg who had been selected as King in 1863. He was a direct descendant of five Greek imperial (Byzantine) dynasties (Monomachos, Comnenos, Laskaris, Angelos, and Paleologos). George pursued a military career, training with the Prussian Guard at the age of 18, then serving in the Balkan War as a member of the 1st Greek Infantry. When his grandfather was assassinated in 1913, George became the crown prince (Diadochos) as well as the Duke of Sparta. After a coup deposed King Constantine during the First World War, Crown Prince George, by then a Major, followed his father into exile in 1917 (see National Schism); his brother Alexander was installed as king by prime minster Eleftherios Venizelos, an avowed Republican. When Alexander I died following an infection from a monkey bite in 1920, Venezelos was voted out of office, and a plebiscite restored Constantine to the throne. Crown Prince George served as a colonel, and later a major general in the war against Turkey. During this time he married, on 27 February 1921 in Bucharest, Princess Elisabeth of Romania, daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie of Romania. When the Turks defeated Greece at the Battle of Smyrna, the military forced the abdication of Constantine, and George succeeded to the Greek throne on September 27, 1922. Following a failed royalist coup (by Ioannis Metaxas) in October 1923, the Revolutionary Committee "asked" him to depart Greece while the National Assembly considered the question of the future form of government. He complied and, although he refused to abdicate, he left on December 19, 1923 for exile in his wife's home nation of Romania. When a republic was proclaimed on March 25, 1924, he was officially deposed, stripped of his Greek nationality and his property confiscated. His wife stayed in Bucharest whilst he spent more and more time abroad visiting Britain, and his mother in Florence. In 1932 he left Romania permanently and moved to Britain. Elisabeth and he had no children, and were divorced on July 6, 1935. Restoration of monarchy and the Metaxas regime In Greece between 1924 and 1935 there were 23 changes of government, a dictatorship and 13 coups. General Georgios Kondylis, a former Venizelist, overthrew the government in October 1935 and appointed himself Prime Minister. He then arranged a plebiscite both to approve his government and to bring an end to the Republic. On November 3, 1935, over 95% of the reported votes supported restoration of the monarchy. The balloting was not secret, and participation was compulsory. As Time magazine described it at the time, "A voter one could drop into the ballot box a blue vote for George II and please General George Kondylis... or one could cast a red ballot for the Republic and get roughed up." George, who had been living at Brown's Hotel in London, returned to Greek soil on November 25. Almost immediately he and Kondylis disagreed over the terms of a general amnesty the King wanted to declare, and George appointed an interim Prime Minister, Professor Konstantinos Demertzis. New elections were held in January, which resulted in a hung parliament with the Communists (who were anti-monarchist) holding the balance of power. A series of unexpected deaths amongst the better-known politicians (including Kondylis and Demertzis) as well as the uncertain political situation, led to the rise to power of Ioannis Metaxas. On August 4, 1936, George endorsed Metaxas's establishment of dictatorship - the "4th of August Regime", signing decrees that dissolved the parliament, banned political parties, abolished the constitution, and created a "Third Hellenic Civilization. The	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,171	Name the musical composer of 'The Mother Goose Suite'?	Ravel's Mother Goose Suite - Delicate Childhood Stories Ravel's Mother Goose Suite Delicate Childhood Stories The Ravel Mother Goose suite (Ma Mere l'Oye) is a charmingly delicate and imaginative little suite of fairytale pieces. At first a four-hand piano suite, Maurice Ravel's orchestral ballet version made it well-known and popular. Although it's whimsical, the music also has a hint of sadness throughout, which I think hints at Ravel's attachment to childhood. I really like the cozy feeling of the suite. It's full of the warmth of childhood fantasies, and of course has Ravel's twin signatures of a luxurious sound and elegance. Ravel first wrote the Mother Goose Suite in 1908 for two children whose parents he was friends with, in a four-hand suite for solo piano. The children, Mimi and Jean Godebski, were extremely fond of him since he told them fairytales, some of which he made up on the spot! The Movements The original five movements of the suite each illustrate fairytales, most of them written by French authors... Sleeping Beauty's Pavane (Slow). This movement describes a procession of mourning for Sleeping Beauty. In the original piano version it was quite a simple piece, but in the orchestral version Ravel uses this simplicity to create a very delicate and moving scene. Little Tom Thumb (Moderate speed). A rather sad little story, in which Tom Thumb leaves a trail of breadcrumbs to find his way back through the forest. But the birds eat the crumbs, leaving Tom lost. Ravel's music has a limping and ungainly rhythm, imitating Tom Thumb wandering around in circles in the forest. Laideronnette ("Little Ugly Girl"), Empress of the Pagodas (March). This is my favorite movement. Inspired by the Orient, this piece describes how little statues on pagodas come to life and play music as their Empress enters the water to bathe. The music is dazzling and glorious, full of oriental harmonies and exciting colors. The conversations of Beauty and the Beast (Waltz). A charming little waltz, full of the nostalgia of awkward love. Beauty sees through the Beast's horrible appearance to his kindness and courage, and eventually he transforms into a handsome prince. The Fairy Garden (Slowly and solemnly). A poetically magical happy ending, but still with a slight tinge of sadness. The orchestral version is much more powerful, since Ravel finally turns to the string section, and gives them the main sweeping and flowering melody. Three years later arranged it for orchestra, and then in 1912 he went even further and transformed it into a ballet. Ravel fleshed out the music for the ballet version, adding in a prelude, a final section, swapping the movements around a bit, and putting in little interludes to connect everything. Since Ravel's sense of sound was so fine and precise, the orchestral versions don't sound like boring rehashes of the piano music. To me they're like re-imaginations of the piano music, inspired by original but with a magical flourish of orchestral color. Ravel's orchestration of the Mother Goose suite actually more depth to the pieces. For instance in the "Beauty and the Beast" movement we get an idea of Beauty's perfect princess character through the low flute and floating strings. In the ballet version, there's one musical theme which ties the whole work together. It's taken from the very end of the piano version - but Ravel starts the ballet version with it: After this "once-upon-a-time" theme starts off the ballet, we gradually hear distant horn sounds and other orchestral images. Each time the little motif appears between the separate movements, it's like we're hearing Ravel say to the children "which story would you like to hear?". This is a great touch! In the finale, this little theme returns triumphantly to celebrate the storyteller's art and the happy ending of this musical storybook... Ravel's music here is, like usual, injected with a lushness and refinement which makes it sound slightly jazz-like. Fittingly, the orchestrated version has no heavy brass intruments (bye bye tubas and trombones!), to keep the	Classical Music Composers :: Chopin An emotional and complex piano solo which is alleged to be Chopin's attempt to reflect his unhappiness in Vienna. It has been widely used in films, (such as 'The Pianist'), and even in video games, 'Fallout 4'). £22.99 Delicate lullaby for piano written by Chopin as variations on a theme. It showcases the inventiveness of the composer as ideas evolve. Lose yourself in this sweet and mellow composition. £22.99 Chopin - Etude Opus 10, No.3 (Tritesse) A serene start with beautiful melodies produces a sentimental and loving atmosphere. This contrasts with the more upbeat, almost dance-like passage which in turns into a dramatic, powerful and forceful section before returning to a calm ending. Used widely in advertising and film and TV productions. £22.99 Bristling with energy, this lively waltz for solo piano surges with huge confidence and presence. Requires great skill from the performer to keep up with the pace. Regarded by some as the first of Chopin's waltzes to be published. £22.99 Chopin composed many mazurkas, (a Polish folk dance), and this is one of his most familiar. Not too fast, but swirling and with a light playfulness, it has a calmer interlude before resuming the dance. £22.99 The tempo instruction on the score is 'molto vivace', (very lively), and it certainly is swift and joyous. A very famous piece which is used as the theme for the hugely popular BBC radio show 'Just A Minute'. £22.99 A tender start to this lovely piano solo. The middle section rises with increasing emotion before settling down with the piece ending very much as it had started in a calm and peaceful way. £22.99 Beautiful melodies glide with effortless grace at the start of this famous Chopin piano solo. It becomes more intense before a soft ending. Used in many productions such as the James Bond film 'The Spy Who Loved Me'. £22.99 A piano solo that starts peacefully and delicately before rising to an emotional crescendo, then dropping back to a serene finish. An atmospheric piece that showcases Chopin's mastery of the piano. £22.99 A very popular composition which has been used on countless productions and adverts. A lilting melody above a waltz like accompaniment gets more complex and intense as we're taken on an emotional journey. £22.99	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,172	Which football club did David Moyes manage before Everton, from 1998-2002?	David Moyes \| Everton Football Club Manager: 2002 - 2013 Former Celtic player David Moyes became Walter Smith's successor on 14 March 2002. A player at Preston North End before taking over as manager from Gary Peters in 1998, the team were promoted to the First Division in May 2000. Preston missed out on promotion to the Premier League the next season with a 3-0 defeat against Bolton Wanderers in the First Division play-off final. Turning down offers from Manchester City, Southampton and West Ham United, it was only the eventual offer from Everton that tempted Moyes away from his beloved Preston. Rumoured as a possible assistant to Sir Alex Ferguson at Manchester United before the appointment of Steve McClaren, Moyes, like so many before him, faced his first challenge of avoiding relegation to the First Division. Welcomed enthusiastically by the Everton fans, the first game under Moyes' leadership saw a David Unsworth goal in the first 30 seconds followed by a superb effort from Duncan Ferguson, giving the Blues a 2-1 win over Fulham. The fine performance from a squad with potential but formerly lacking consistent direction brought not only a vital victory for the new manager, but a new boost of assurance and enthusiasm for his players. On form again, fine performances from the team under the new manager saw Premier League safety once again assured soon after. The 2002/03 season began very brightly as The Toffees signed a shirt sponsorship deal with Chinese firm Kejian and brought in international midfielder Li Tie, Nigerian star Joseph Yobo and England international 'keeper Richard Wright. The Blues were the surprise package of the first half of the season as a run of six consecutive wins - their best since the Championship-winning season of 1986/87 - helped them climb as high as third before Christmas. Everton's form earned David Moyes the Barclaycard manager of the month award for November after his side's 100 per cent record. That month saw them record 1-0 victories over Leeds, Charlton, Blackburn and West Brom. There was disappointment in the cup competitions, as Everton exited the Worthington Cup in the Fourth Round with a 4-1 defeat at Chelsea. And Third Division Shrewsbury provided the biggest shock of the FA Cup in recent years by defeating the Blues 1-2 at Gay Meadow. The upset did not have an adverse effect on Everton's league form however as Goodison's new teenage sensation Wayne Rooney, and some excellent team performances, helped them stay on course for a European spot. Unfortunately for Moyes's men, a 2-1 final day home defeat to champions Manchester United enabled Blackburn to snatch the final UEFA Cup place from their grasp and left them seventh in the Premier League table. It still marked a massive jump of eight places from the previous year and earned Moyes the League Managers Association's Manager of the Year award. That was an accolade he received for the second time in three years at the end of the 2004/05 campaign. It was in recognition of his remarkable achievement in guiding the Blues to a fourth place in the Premier League. Having started the season with many pundits predicting a campaign of hard-slog for the Blues following a 17th place finish in 2004, Moyes galvanised his squad superbly. The signings of Tim Cahill from Millwall and Marcus Bent from Leicester in the summer of 2004 proved inspired. And despite the sale of Wayne Rooney to Manchester United early in the season and the departure of Thomas Gravesen to Real Madrid in January 2005, the side built on a fine start to the season to maintain a tight grip on a place in the top four from September onwards. Moyes' ambition was underlined by a club record £6million deal which brought striker James Beattie to Goodison from Southampton to ease the disappointment of Gravesen's departure. It was Cahill who ended the campaign as top scorer and received the Player of the Season award. The season was also memorable for the 1-0 victory over Liverpool on 11 December 2004 - the club's first win over the local neighbours since 1999. Having defeated Live	1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? 10. From what ancient activity does the word ‘crestfallen’ come? 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? 14. What did Britain’s roads first acquire in 1914? 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children’s TV programme How? 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? 19. Who were Tom and Barbara’s neighbours in The Good Life? 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your ‘Daisy Roots’? 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? 22. Which actor played Columbo? 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White Lines; 15. Robbie Fowler; 16. Hearsay; 17. Jack Hargreaves; 18. Dawn French; 19. Margo and Jerry Leadbetter; 20. Boots; 21. McWhirter (Ross and Norris); 22. Peter Falk; 23. Two; 24. The Clock Tower on the Palace of Westminster in London (Big Ben is the nickname for the bell); 25. The National Trust; 26. Brough Superior; 27. Yellow; 28. Fungi; 29. Nelson Mandela House; 30. Universal Serial Bus Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,173	Which Scottish castle did Queen Victoria and husband Prince Albert buy in 1852?	Balmoral - The history of the Scottish holiday home to the Royal Family. The history of the Scottish holiday home to the Royal Family Balmoral Castle has been the Scottish home of the Royal Family since it was purchased for Queen Victoria by Prince Albert in 1852, having been first leased in 1848. In the autumn of 1842, two and a half years after her marriage to Prince Albert, Queen Victoria paid her first visit to Scotland. They were so struck with the Highlands that they resolved to return. A further visit to Perthshire and then Ardverikie encouraged them to seize the opportunity to purchase Balmoral. After searching enquiries they bought the estate on the 17th February 1848 and on 8th September 1848 they arrived to take possession of a property they had never seen, but to which they had committed themselves for many years to come. They were not disappointed and when they returned South they opened negotiations for the purchase of the land on which Balmoral stood. These protracted negotiations were completed on 22nd June 1852, when the fee simple of Balmoral was purchased by Prince Albert. Once the land was purchased they decided to rebuild as the building was no longer adequate for their needs. The architect selected was William Smith, City Architect of Aberdeen. Soon after the family arrived at the Castle, Mr Smith was summoned from Aberdeen on 8th September 1852. Prince Albert decided to build a new Castle as the current one was considered not large enough for the Royal Family. A new site was chosen, 100 yards to the North West of the building, so that they could continue to occupy the old house while the new Castle was under construction. The foundation stone for Balmoral Castle was laid by Queen Victoria on 28th September 1853 and can be found at the foot of the wall adjacent to the West face of the entrance porch. Before the foundation stone was placed in position Queen Victoria signed a parchment recording the date. This parchment, together with an example of each of the current coins of the realm, was then placed in a bottle, inserted into a cavity below the site prepared for the stone. The Castle was completed in 1856 and the old building was then demolished. This building is commemorated by a stone which is located on the front lawn at a point opposite the tower and about 100 yards from the path. This stone marks the position of the front door to the demolished castle. When Queen Victoria died in 1901 Balmoral Estates passed, under the terms of her will, to King Edward VII, and from him to each of his successors. Balmoral Estates has been more than just a favourite home to successive generations of the Royal Family . Although it remains largely the same as it was in Queen Victoria's reign, successive Royal owners have followed the initiative of Prince Albert in making improvements to the estate.	A Stroll Through The Eccentric Names Of Scottish Football Teams. – A Son of the Rock -- Jack Deighton A Stroll Through The Eccentric Names Of Scottish Football Teams. Posted in Football , Names at 14:00 on 30 September 2009 Last week I watched a TV programme fronted by Jonathan Meades which was an annotated travelogue through post-industrial Scotland. Meades’s starting point was the almost poetic litany of the names of Scottish football clubs as heard in the results on Saturday afternoons. Unlike those from England, very few of whom have names that are geographically indeterminate, at least at first glance* (the exceptions are Arsenal, Aston Villa, Everton, Queen’s Park Rangers, Port Vale, Tranmere Rovers; at a pinch Crystal Palace) and most of which are relatively prosaic (Swindon Town, Derby County, Bristol City) – only Nottingham Forest, Sheffield Wednesday, Plymouth Argyle and Crewe Alexandra have any rhetorical flourish - a disturbingly large number of Scottish teams’ names give no clue to their geographical location. *I know Arsenal were once Woolwich Arsenal and that Everton is a district of Liverpool – as Tranmere is of Birkenhead – but Port Vale (the club plays in Burslem) isn’t on maps any more – if it ever was – and the Crystal Palace is long gone: which just leaves QPR and Villa – which may well be a Birmingham geographical locator of which I am ignorant. The list of obscurely named Scottish clubs is much longer. I have already, of course, mentioned Kirkcaldy’s finest, Raith Rovers ( dancing in the streets of Raith .) There are two Saints – of Mirren and Johnstone (and until World War 2 there was a third; of Bernard’s) – a Clyde, a Hibernian, two Queens, Queen’s Park and Queen Of The South – famously the only football team mentioned in the Bible – an Albion Rovers and two Easts, of Fife and Stirlingshire, which could be located anywhere in their respective counties. In the case of East Stirlingshire their peregrinations actually took them as far west as Clydebank for a season before returning to their Firs Park home in Falkirk, which they have now had to leave; renting space at Stenhousemuir’s ground nearby. In this context Rangers and Celtic do not count as their full names include the prefix Glasgow. Similarly it is Greenock Morton. While Midlothian as a county no longer exists, Heart Of Midlothian – the actual heart of the county is in the centre of Edinburgh, not off Gorgie Road; and there is a mosaic over the spot which is supposed to confer luck if you spit into it (Edinburgh is not quite the douce place you might take it for) – are named for a Walter Scott novel, apparently via a local dance hall. Likewise the County of Ross is no more; in any case the eponymous club plays out of Dingwall. Was there ever a county of Stockport by the way? Yes, and no. A county borough apparently. There is a Raith estate in Kirkcaldy – and a former Raith cinema – so the name makes some sense; but it’s not on any maps of Scotland. Clyde are somewhat disappointingly so called because they first played by the banks of that river, though they now rent a ground in Cumbernauld from the local council. The Paisley club St Mirren are named after the local Saint, Mirin; St Johnstone from Saint John’s town (of Perth,) and the now long defunct St Bernard’s after a local well by the Water of Leith. East Fife are located in Methil in – err – east Fife. Like (Glasgow) Celtic, Hibernian FC’s name reflects the Irish roots of its founders but otherwise has no relevance to Edinburgh, or Leith if you must, where they are domiciled. Albion Rovers play home games in Coatbridge and were formed from a merger between teams called, rather prosaically, Albion and Rovers. Queen’s Park is obvious but its city isn’t. (Compare Queen’s Park Rangers.) There was, too, once a King’s Park club, but that was in Stirling. Queen Of The South is an epithet given to the town of Dumfries by the poet David Dunbar. The club which took the name amalgamated in 1919 from other teams in the area including 5th Kircudbrightshire Rifle Volunteers and	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,509,174	Three Mile Island, scene of a 1979 radio-active disaster, is in which US state?	Three Mile Island \| TMI 2 \|Three Mile Island Accident. - World Nuclear Association Three Mile Island Accident (March 2001, minor update Jan 2012) In 1979 at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in USA a cooling malfunction caused part of the core to melt in the #2 reactor. The TMI-2 reactor was destroyed. Some radioactive gas was released a couple of days after the accident, but not enough to cause any dose above background levels to local residents. There were no injuries or adverse health effects from the Three Mile Island accident. The Three Mile Island power station is near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in USA. It had two pressurized water reactors. One PWR was of 800 MWe (775 MWe net) and entered service in 1974. It remains one of the best-performing units in USA. Unit 2 was of 906 MWe (880 MWe net) and almost brand new. The accident to unit 2 happened at 4 am on 28 March 1979 when the reactor was operating at 97% power. It involved a relatively minor malfunction in the secondary cooling circuit which caused the temperature in the primary coolant to rise. This in turn caused the reactor to shut down automatically. Shut down took about one second. At this point a relief valve failed to close, but instrumentation did not reveal the fact, and so much of the primary coolant drained away that the residual decay heat in the reactor core was not removed. The core suffered severe damage as a result. The operators were unable to diagnose or respond properly to the unplanned automatic shutdown of the reactor. Deficient control room instrumentation and inadequate emergency response training proved to be root causes of the accident The chain of events during the Three Mile Island Accident Within seconds of the shutdown, the pilot-operated relief valve (PORV) on the reactor cooling system opened, as it was supposed to. About 10 seconds later it should have closed. But it remained open, leaking vital reactor coolant water to the reactor coolant drain tank. The operators believed the relief valve had shut because instruments showed them that a "close" signal was sent to the valve. However, they did not have an instrument indicating the valve's actual position. Responding to the loss of cooling water, high-pressure injection pumps automatically pushed replacement water into the reactor system. As water and steam escaped through the relief valve, cooling water surged into the pressuriser, raising the water level in it. (The pressuriser is a tank which is part of the primary reactor cooling system, maintaining proper pressure in the system. The relief valve is located on the pressuriser. In a PWR like TMI-2, water in the primary cooling system around the core is kept under very high pressure to keep it from boiling.) Operators responded by reducing the flow of replacement water. Their training told them that the pressuriser water level was the only dependable indication of the amount of cooling water in the system. Because the pressuriser level was increasing, they thought the reactor system was too full of water. Their training told them to do all they could to keep the pressuriser from filling with water. If it filled, they could not control pressure in the cooling system and it might rupture. Steam then formed in the reactor primary cooling system. Pumping a mixture of steam and water caused the reactor cooling pumps to vibrate. Because the severe vibrations could have damaged the pumps and made them unusable, operators shut down the pumps. This ended forced cooling of the reactor core. (The operators still believed the system was nearly full of water because the pressuriser level remained high.) However, as reactor coolant water boiled away, the reactor?s fuel core was uncovered and became even hotter. The fuel rods were damaged and released radioactive material into the cooling water. At 6:22 am operators closed a block valve between the relief valve and the pressuriser. This action stopped the loss of coolant water through the relief valve. However, superheated steam and gases blocked the flow of water through the core cooling syst	J.R. Ewing (Character) - Biography biography from "Dallas" (1978) The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. Warning! This character biography may contain plot spoilers. Visit our Character Biography Help to learn more. Character Biography History Discuss Born in 1939 in Dallas, Texas, John Ross Ewing Jr. is the namesake of his father and oldest of four children, Gary, Ray (half-brother with a different mother), and Bobby. His mother Ellie Ewing Farlow (nee: Southworth) was raised on their massive family ranch, Southfork, located in Braddock, north of Dallas. Jock, as his father was commonly known, vanished in a helicopter accident in 1981 and was declared dead within a year. The loss was very emotional for J.R. who idolized his father. J.R. married beauty queen Sue Ellen Shepard who had graduated from the University of Texas and had represented Texas at the Miss America pageant with the title Miss Texas in 1967. J.R. was a judge at the pageant and they were married three years later in February 1970. However their marriage was not smooth due to J.R.'s heavy womanizing and obsessive focus on his first love: the oil industry. Sue Ellen developed a drinking problem that also affected their marriage. The birth of their son, John Ross Ewing III, in 1979 did not help to bring them closer together either. Sue Ellen eventually divorced J.R. and gained custody of their son. However after a time J.R. won her back though he was driven mostly by desire to reconnect with his son as well as to gain control of the child's voting shares in the family business, Ewing Oil. J.R.'s philandering ways continued and Sue Ellen moved to a separate bedroom remaining his wife in name only, an arrangement that continued for several years until she eventually decided to divorce him once again in 1988. J.R.'s primary focus throughout remains the oil industry, taking specific pride in Ewing Oil. His obsession along with determination to always win drives him to engage in rather ruthless activities at times and thus develop some enemies, at times with severe consequences that include being shot more than once. For instance in 1987 his dealings with terrorist B.D. Calhoun resulted in his son being kidnapped, him being shot and Ewing Oil eventually being taken away. Much to his surprise, when James Richard Beaumont shows up looking for his father, J.R. learns the young man is his son born in 1967 from J.R.'s bygone affair, Vanessa Beaumont. In 1988 J.R. married Calpurnia "Cally" Harper whom he met on a hunting trip. In 1991 she gave birth to J.R.'s third son, Justin Randy Harper. However, that marriage was short-lived as they divorce in 1991. J.R. and Bobby both continued to live with their respective families in the expansive family home they were raised in with their mother and--after the death of their father--her second husband, Clayton Farlow. Page last updated by Evan-O-Rama , 1 year ago	trivia_qa.jsonl

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