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task390_torque_text_span_selection
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task390-e114c934a0db42739edc7cce8de4a717
|
In this task, you will be given a passage, a question and a list of single-word events identified from the passage. The goal is to point out all events from the given event list that can answer the question. If a question is unanswerable or none of the events answer the question, output should be empty.
Passage: "I need to brush up on my technique and tactics quickly to live up to my billing as the number one player in Asia," said Azlan who was a bronze medallist in Busan. Defending champion Ong Beng Hee, who beat Mansoor Zaman four years ago, believes the Pakistanis, once the kings of the sport, will again pose a threat. Question: What event has begun but has not finished? Events: ['brush', 'live', 'billing', 'was', 'Defending', 'beat', 'believes', 'pose', 'threat']
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billing
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task622_replace_alphabets_in_a_list_by_their_position_in_english_alphabet
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task622-3bb0d50e3f0a44d28b5689eff3547029
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In this task, you are given an input list A. You need to convert all the alphabets in the list with a number representing their position in the English alphabet. E.g., replace A by 1, B by 2, a by 1, b by 2, and so on.
['e', '1767', 'I', 'W', 'w', '8545', 'r', '4245', '9723', 'd', '5325']
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5, 1767, 9, 23, 23, 8545, 18, 4245, 9723, 4, 5325
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task636_extract_and_sort_unique_alphabets_in_a_list
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task636-9ccb2b3a4e3947fea42bfd323f86b289
|
In this task, you are given an input list A comprising of numbers and alphabets. You need to extract and sort the unique alphabets in the list. The alphabets in the input list will only be in lowercase. Return -1 if there is no alphabet in the input list.
['8731', '7401', 'd', '9671', '6085', '4699', 'v', '9213', '6017', 'j', '2451', '2253', 'n', '9989', 'y', 'r', '1883', '4401', 'm', '8991', 't', '9471', '8011', '8597', 'v', '2971', 'o', 'b', '8897', '3113', 'y', '1791', 'm', 'a', '2915', '5129', '6755', 'a', '3505', '9255', 'j', 'a', '9763', 's']
|
a, b, d, j, m, n, o, r, s, t, v, y
|
task279_stereoset_classification_stereotype
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task279-34e986e2571447e79e22a964f1403e4a
|
In this task, you are given a short passage that may convey stereotype, anti-stereotype, or is unrelated. A stereotype is an over-generalized belief about a particular group of people. An anti-stereotype is an idea that goes against a common stereotype. The passage is unrelated if it does not convey a stereotype or anti-stereotype. You are expected to classify the passage into three classes: stereotype, anti-stereotype, and unrelated.
Passage: The Bible is considered a sacred text by some people. The apple tree had no fruit.
|
Unrelated
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task1730_personachat_choose_next
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task1730-75c303cf062f4989b5b7fa36e0ba5649
|
You will be given a person's personality, and a history of a conversation this person has had. You will be given four candidate sentences to complete the conversation, based on the context. Choose one and answer with the text.
Personality: I was born in Kansas.
I love chickens.
I know how to drive a truck.
I work on a farm.
Chat history: -Hi how are you doing.
-I'm great actually. Hows your morning going so far?
-Its been pretty busy I live on a farm.
-Ooh nice! Do you have chickens and cows?
-I've a ton of chickens.
-How long have you owned a farm?
Candidates 1) Thank you have a good night. 2) I have always lived on a farm. 3) I hear you. I work as a dental assistant in a ritzy area so demands are high. 4) That is true. So what do you do for fun?
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I have always lived on a farm.
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task934_turk_simplification
|
task934-4682c83c7b804d65be67d8e0397c0ab9
|
In this task, you're given a sentence and your task is to generate a simplified sentence that focuses on lexical paraphrasing from the original sentence given in the input.
he also had his own carriage , with fine livery , which took him to concerts at other venues.
|
he travelled to concerts at other venues in his own carriage which had fine livery.
|
task1730_personachat_choose_next
|
task1730-e8bbbb5f58d347ba9f329f7d2c5bb2e1
|
You will be given a person's personality, and a history of a conversation this person has had. You will be given four candidate sentences to complete the conversation, based on the context. Choose one and answer with the text.
Personality: I'm a vegetarian.
I am a dancer.
I am a night owl.
I can play the piano.
Chat history: -I'm a vocal singer in such of a companion in the same field.
-I do not sing, but I'm into dancing. I'm classically trained in ballet.
-Do you have or know any one who can do that?
-No sorry, my friends are all dancers too.
-So, do you dance in a group or you can do individual performance as well?
-Both, I do solos. I study dance in college. This is my third year.
Candidates 1) Lemon one. It gives me gas though. 2) Worst part of having a party. The cleanup. 3) I attended a congregation a lot when I was younger. Not so much now. 4) That is good because I'll need you in a short time to come.
|
That is good because I'll need you in a short time to come.
|
task579_socialiqa_classification
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task579-097950582f1947babc663f87af718f55
|
In this task, you're given a context, a question, three options, and an answer. Your task is to classify whether the given answer is correct or not by providing 'Yes' or 'No', based on the context with commonsense reasoning about social situations.
Context: Addison was sitting on the bus when she noticed an ad for shampoo above the seat opposite her.
Question: How would Addison feel afterwards?
Options: (A) felt embarrassed about the ad (B) felt angry about the ad (C) felt like that shampoo might work well for her
Answer: C
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Yes
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task1489_sarcasmdetection_tweet_classification
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task1489-1625dd363d894546a4d58b111e037dbd
|
In this task, you are given a tweet in English. You are expected to classify the post into two classes: sarcastic or non-sarcastic. A sarcastic sentence is one that refers to the use of words that mean the opposite of what you really want to say, especially in order to insult someone, or to show irritation, or just to be funny.
Oh my word ! That didn't just happen ! GREAT someone is having right good laugh surely #cheers #sarcasm
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sarcastic
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task1291_multi_news_summarization
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task1291-d0cb3ae440454bf2b05cd2ddc51987d5
|
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
UN Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria, Staffan de Mistura , informs the media at the European headquarters of the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, Monday, March 14, 2016. Mistura... (Associated Press)
GENEVA (AP) — The Latest on Syrian peace talks that resumed in Geneva on Monday (all times local):
6:45 p.m.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has ordered the start of the pullout of the Russian military from Syria starting Tuesday.
Putin said the move should help serve as a stimulus for Syria's political talks. The president said he coordinated the move with Syrian President Bashar Assad.
Putin said that the Russian airbase in Hemeimeem in Syria's coastal province of Latakia and a naval facility in the Syrian port of Tartous will continue to operate.
6:40 p.m.
Russia says it has voiced concern about cease-fire violations by U.S.-backed rebels in Syria.
The Defense Ministry said Monday that the Russian military coordination center in Syria had a conference call with its U.S. counterpart in Amman about violations of the Russian and U.S. brokered truce by opposition units near Kafr Nabudah in Hama province.
It says militants in the area have been listed by the U.S. as abiding by the cease-fire.
The cease-fire that began on Feb. 27 has largely held, but both Syrian President Bashar Assad's government and its foes have accused one another of violations.
The Islamic State group and al-Qaida's branch in Syria, the Nusra Front, are excluded from the cease-fire, which is intended to bolster indirect Syrian peace talks that began Monday.
___
5:30 p.m.
Residents say protesters have set fire to the security compound of an al-Qaida-linked group in northern Syria a day after the extremists swept through the town detaining U.S.-backed rebels.
An activist based in the northern town of Maaret al-Numan says the situation on Monday is "tense and boiling." He spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of being targeted by the extremist group.
In recent days the al-Qaida-affiliated Nusra Front has raided the bases of the Free Syrian Army's Division 13 and stolen weapons and vehicles acquired with U.S. support.
Division 13 enjoys widespread support in Maaret al-Numan.
___
5 p.m.
U.N. agencies and key partners say they are starting to get basic supplies to besieged areas in Syria but haven't reached about 20 percent of those in urgent need and are "extremely concerned" about some 500,000 people.
They said in a joint statement Monday that since the beginning of the year the U.N. and its partners have reached over six million people with aid through regular deliveries and recent convoys to besieged towns.
But U.N. humanitarian chief Stephen O'Brien and 10 other signatories said not enough aid is getting through and medical supplies and equipment are still being removed at checkpoints, which is "unacceptable."
___
3:30 p.m.
The head of the Syrian government delegation to the indirect peace talks in Geneva says his side's discussions with U.N. special envoy for Syria were "positive and constructive."
Bashar Ja'afari told reporters after the meeting with Staffan de Mistura as the talks resumed on Monday in Switzerland that the government delegation "submitted ideas and views" for a political solution to the crisis.
He says de Mistura will meet the representatives of the opposition on Tuesday and the government team again on Wednesday.
Ja'afari says his team wants "to negotiate as Syrians under Syrian leadership without foreign intervention and without preconditions."
He says any party that opposes this premise is "trying to sabotage this round." He was referring to the oppositions demands from the previous round that failed in early February, demands that had included an end to bombardment, release of detainees and the lifting of the siege by government troops on rebel-held areas across Syria.
____
12:15 p.m.
Russia's Foreign Minister says federalization is one possible option in Syria if it is the will of the Syrian people.
Sergey Lavrov said Monday that Russia will support whatever solution the Syrian government and the opposition devise to end the country's war, including "any form (of government) whatever it may be called: federalization, decentralization, unitary state."
Speaking after a joint briefing on Monday in Moscow with his Tunisian counterpart, Lavrov also said countries should not launch attacks against terrorists in Libya without first receiving permission from the U.N. Security Council.
Lavrov said discussions about equipping Tunisian special forces in their fight against terrorism are ongoing.
___
11:15 a.m.
The U.N. special envoy for Syria says a resumption of peace talks between government envoys and representatives of the opposition is a "moment of truth" and insists the "only Plan B available is return to war."
Staffan de Mistura spoke to reporters Monday moments before resuming "proximity talks" in Geneva, a month after suspending them in an upsurge in violence in Syria. The talks come as he said a "fragile" cease-fire has largely held since Feb. 27, and humanitarian aid deliveries have resumed in recent weeks.
Many observers say the peace talks are the best chance in years to end a war moving into its sixth year, leaving at least 250,000 people dead and forcing at least 11 million people to leave their homes — many abroad. ||||| Russian President Vladimir Putin has ordered Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu to start the withdrawal of forces from Syria starting Tuesday. Russia will however keep a military presence at the port of Tartus and at the Khmeimim airbase to observe ceasefire agreements.
“I consider the objectives that have been set for the Defense Ministry to be generally accomplished. That is why I order to start withdrawal of the main part of our military group from the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic starting from tomorrow,” Putin said on Monday during a meeting with Shoigu and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.
"In a short period of time Russia has created a small but very effective military group [in Syria]... the effective work of our military allowed the peace process to begin," Putin said, adding that with the assistance of the Russian Air Force "Syrian government troops and patriotic forces have changed the situation in the fight with international terrorism and have ceased the initiative."
To control the observation of ceasefire agreements in the region, Moscow will keep its Khmeimim airbase in Latakia province and a base at the port of Tartus, Putin said.
The bases "must be effectively secured from onshore, offshore and from the air," Putin said, adding that Russia has had this military group in Syria for many years.
Read more
At Moscow's initiative, a phone conversation between Vladimir Putin and Syria's President Bashar Assad was held on Monday evening, the Kremlin reported.
The two leaders agreed that the actions of Russia's Air Force in Syria have allowed them to "profoundly reverse the situation" in connection to fighting terrorists in the region, having "disorganized militants' infrastructure and inflicted fundamental damage upon them."
READ MORE: Russia, US truce initiative in Syria ‘may be last chance to stop violence’ – opposition
Bashar Assad has recognized the “professionalism, courage and heroism” of Russian Army soldiers and officers, who have taken part in the military action, thanking Russia not only for extensive help in the fight against terrorism, but also for providing humanitarian aid and assistance to the Syrian civilian population.
The Syrian leader also stressed its readiness to engage in the political process in Syria as soon as possible, the Kremlin said.
Read more
Russia's president also addressed his foreign minister. He had tasked Lavrov with intensifying Russia's participation in the peace process to solve the Syrian crisis, the Kremlin reported.
"I hope that today's decision will be a good signal for all sides of the conflict [and that] it will significantly increase the level of trust for all participants of the peace process in Syria and provide for peaceful means to solve the Syrian issue," Putin concluded.
READ MORE: Putin: Syrian truce is real chance to end bloodshed [FULL STATEMENT]
Moscow launched its anti-terror campaign in Syria on September 30 last year. Russia’s participation in the operation, according to a previous statement by Putin, has its basis in international law and has been conducted “in accordance with an official request from the president of the Syrian Arab Republic [Bashar Assad].”
The Russian Air Force has been carrying out airstrikes against Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS/ISIL) and other terrorist targets in the region, eliminating military equipment, communication centers, vehicles, arms and fuel depots. |||||
|
Surprise, surprise: Vladimir Putin is pulling most of his troops out of Syria with his own version of "mission accomplished": “I consider the objectives that have been set for the Defense Ministry to be generally accomplished," he said Monday, per RT.com. "That is why I order to start withdrawal of the main part of our military group from the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic starting from tomorrow." Moscow authorized Russian fighters to begin airstrikes in September with the stated goal of helping Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad defeat the Islamic State. Russia's "entry into the Syrian civil war tipped the balance in favor of the Syrian government, allowing it to recapture territory from rebels," says the BBC. On Monday, Putin said he coordinated the withdrawal with Assad, adding that it should give a boost to peace talks currently underway in Geneva, reports AP. He added that a Russian airbase in Hemeimeem and a naval base the Syrian port of Tartous would continue to operate.
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task1542_every_ith_element_from_starting
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task1542-9456efa66b1d4ed1b97866ee7c04226d
|
In this task, you are given an input i,A where i is an integer and A is an array. You need to find every ith element of A starting with the 1st element.
3, ['p', 'Z', '8735', '2125', '185', 'H', '1573', 'W', '899', 'A', '2949', 'z', 's', 'B', 'b', 'g', '3413', 'A', 'N', 'Q']
|
p, 2125, 1573, A, s, g, N
|
task285_imdb_answer_generation
|
task285-3a38d219686747518525d87454d40ab0
|
In this task, you are given a review of a movie and a boolean question whether this review has positive sentiment or negative sentiment. Your task is to generate answer "yes" when the tweet has that particular sentiment, otherwise generate answer "no".
Review: I've seen all four of the movies in this series. Each one strays further and further from the books. This is the worst one yet. My problem is that it does not follow the book it is titled after in any way! The directors and producers should have named it any thing other than "Love's Abiding Joy." The only thing about this movie that remotely resembles the book are the names of some of the characters (Willie, Missie, Henry, Clark, Scottie and Cookie). The names/ages/genders of the children are wrong. The entire story line is no where in the book.I find it a great disservice to Janette Oke, her books and her fans to produce a movie under her title that is not correct in any way. The music is too loud. The actors are not convincing - they lack emotions.If you want a good family movie, this might do. It is clean. Don't watch it, though, if you are hoping for a condensed version of the book. I hope that this will be the last movie from this series, but I doubt it. If there are more movies made, I wish Michael Landon, Jr and others would stick closer to the original plot and story lines. The books are excellent and, if closely followed, would make excellent movies! Question: is it a negative review?
|
yes
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task565_circa_answer_generation
|
task565-a1c1383403fb47da80b066a3cb7e2cc7
|
In this task, you are given a question. Your task is to generate an answer that is relevant to the question.
Would you like to see a movie?
|
Only if it's a Oscar-nominated film.
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task307_jeopardy_answer_generation_final
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task307-f82c773295cd462ab0d9871899151f3a
|
You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
Category: PRESIDENTS
Clue: Before Eisenhower, he was the last president to preside over the admission of a new state
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taft
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task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
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task303-32be80a7c3064ec5843b1ba04c93918a
|
In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer.
(CNN) An ISIS massacre on the streets of Moscow? Bombs detonated by the same terror group in St. Petersburg? Such "huge terrorist acts" might have happened if Russian authorities hadn't detained seven alleged ISIS members, state media reported. The FSB -- Russia's security agency and the successor to the Soviet Union's KGB -- told state-run TASS news that the seven suspects were charged Wednesday for plotting terrorist attacks. They'd been detained February 7 in Yekaterinburg, Russia's fourth-largest city situated in the Sverdlovsk region in the Urals, according to a report by state-run Sputnik news citing the FSB. To date, Russia hasn't been hit by ISIS terror attacks on busy, civilian-filled areas like those in Paris, Tunis or Jakarta. But it has been a target, in part for the Kremlin's armed efforts against the Islamist extremist group in Syria.Agency: The suspects were from Russia, central Asian nations and led by someone who'd come from TurkeySearches of the suspects' houses turned up a bomb lab, guns, grenades and "extremist literature," state news saysISIS has threatened attacks in Russia, which is involved in a military campaign against the terror group in Syria
Question:And in a five-minute video posted to ISIS-affiliated social media accounts (although not independently verified by CNN as authentic) in November, ISIS purportedly threatened to attack _ "very soon."
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Sverdlovsk
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task1207_atomic_classification_atlocation
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task1207-b67a4026ef2f479bab4012b375d0d469
|
In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head is located or can be found at/in/on the Tail or not. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Head: car<sep>Tail: freeway
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Yes
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task1400_obqa_incorrect_answer_generation
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task1400-cb6fae115b384f638de2a350444ca20e
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This task is about generating an incorrect answer to a question given the question and a true statement related to the question. The answer must be related to the question, but incorrectly answer it given the context.
Fact: An example of seed dispersal is animals eating seeds. Question: A way in which seeds are frequently spread is?
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floors being swept clean
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task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
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task405-64b6d2d39e5449ce90ac7ef99e04fe9c
|
You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning.
The story is set in the Valley of Peace, a fictional land in ancient China inhabited by anthropomorphic animals. Po, a giant panda, is a kung fu fanatic who idolizes the Furious Five; Tigress, Monkey, Mantis, Viper, and Crane; a quintet of kung fu students trained by the red panda Master Shifu ("shifu" being itself Mandarin for "master"). As he helps his goose adoptive father Mr. Ping in his noodle restaurant, Po is unable to pursue his dream of becoming a kung fu master himself.
Grand Master Oogway, an old tortoise and Shifu's mentor, has a vision that Shifu's adoptive son and former student, the evil snow leopard Tai Lung, will escape from prison and return to the Valley of Peace to take revenge for being denied the Dragon Scroll, which is said to hold the secret to limitless power. Shifu is alarmed and sends his messenger, the goose Zeng, to prevent Tai Lung's escape. He then holds a kung fu tournament for the Furious Five so that Oogway may identify the Dragon Warrior, the one kung fu master worthy of receiving the Dragon Scroll and capable of defeating Tai Lung. Forced to take a cumbersome noodle cart to the tournament, Po arrives as the arena doors close and is unable to enter. Desperate to see the Dragon Warrior chosen, Po straps himself to a set of fireworks, rockets into the sky, and crashes into the middle of the arena and opens his eyes to see Oogway pointing his finger at him. To the audience's surprise, Po's confusion, and the Furious Five's dismay, Oogway proclaims Po as the Dragon Warrior.
Believing Oogway's decision to be a mistake, Shifu tries to get rid of Po by ridiculing him into quitting kung fu training coupled with a torturous training regime. The Furious Five similarly mock and disdain of Po as an upstart with no skill in kung fu. After receiving encouragement from Oogway, Po endures his grueling training and slowly begins to befriend the Five with his tenacity, culinary skill, and good humor. Meanwhile, Tai Lung escapes from prison as foreseen by Oogway, ironically picking his locks with one of Zeng's feathers. Shifu learns of Tai Lung's escape from Zeng and informs Oogway, who extracts a promise from Shifu to believe in Po and then ascends to the sky in a cloud of peach blossoms. Still unable to grasp the basics of kung fu, Po despairingly admits that he has no chance of defeating Tai Lung. Shifu, however, discovers that Po is capable of impressive physical feats when motivated by food. Using food as positive reinforcement, Shifu successfully trains Po to incorporate these feats into an effective kung fu style.
Meanwhile, the Furious Five set out to stop Tai Lung themselves, only to be overwhelmed and defeated by Tai Lung's nerve strikes. Shifu decides that Po is ready to receive the Dragon Scroll, but the scroll reveals nothing but a blank reflective surface. Believing the scroll to be useless, Shifu orders Po and the Five to evacuate the valley. As Tai Lung arrives and fights Shifu, the distraught Po finds his father who, in an attempt to console him, reveals that the long-withheld secret ingredient to his famous "secret ingredient soup" is "nothing", explaining that things become special if they are believed to be. Po realizes that this concept is the entire point of the Dragon Scroll, and goes back to confront Tai Lung before he is able to kill Shifu.
Po becomes a formidable challenge for Tai Lung as he guards the Dragon Scroll, with an unorthodox fighting style that confuses and frustrates his opponent; Tai Lung's otherwise debillitating nerve strikes don't affect Po due to his body fat. Tai Lung momentarily bests Po and retrieves the scroll, but is unable to understand or accept its symbolic meaning. Eventually, Po defeats Tai Lung in combat before using the mysterious Wuxi Finger Hold to finish him off once and for all. Po is praised by the Valley of Peace and earns the respect of all the Furious Five, who fully acknowledge him as a true kung fu master. Po then finds Shifu, who finally attains inner peace with the valley safe once more.
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What did Shifu and the Furious Five believe Oogway's desision to be?
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task1346_glue_cola_grammatical_correctness_classification
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task1346-bda2ee85ebd1454e9eb0bf442b667739
|
You will be given a sentence. Check whether the sentence is grammatically correct and is meaningful. If the sentence is grammatically correct, then answer with '1', otherwise answer with '0'.
Because into the room came Aunt Norris, Fanny stopped talking.
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0
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task675_google_wellformed_query_sentence_generation
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task675-2c6bc0b40d3a4742b825d5d4e19774db
|
You are given a list of queries separated by new line. Your job is to answer with the query that is the most well-formed or well-structured query in terms of grammar, punctuations, or spelling errors.
Is it true that excessive salinity of the soil is most severe in arid and semiarid areas of the world ?
What type of symmetry does snail have ?
Build a mousetrap car ?
What is night of brocken glass ?
|
Is it true that excessive salinity of the soil is most severe in arid and semiarid areas of the world ?
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task507_position_of_all_numerical_elements_in_list
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task507-9e600de8770a4ec488c8bd2c17afb82b
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In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the position of all the numerical elements in the given list in order. Assume the position of the 1st element to be 1. Return -1 if no numerical element is in the list.
['83', 'c', '3757', 'p', '8569', 'f', 'k', 'S', '2631', '9757', 'I', 'B', 'i', 'Q', 'l', '5417', '6169', 'X', 'w', 'N', '7965', '8801', '5893', '3239', '9743', 'h', 'r', '1367', '8325', '6775', '3897', 'o', '3243', 'p']
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1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33
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task649_race_blank_question_generation
|
task649-76ba6a4eee244a429c56b0bb0b593a1f
|
In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the fill-in-the-blank question for this answer based on the given article. The blanks are always at the end of the question, and can be filled with more than one word or phrase.
Article: On her first morning in America last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhood alone, without even telling my wife or me. Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she came home, we realized we had no reason to panic. Beaming with pride, she told us how she had discovered the little park around the corner, and had made friends with a few local dog owners. When this story comes up in conversations with American friends, we usually meet with polite disbelief. Most are horrified by the idea that their children might roam around without adult supervision. A study by the University of California has found that American kids spend 90 per cent of their leisure time at home, often in front of the TV or playing video games. Such narrowing of children's world has happened across the developed world. But German parents are generally much more accepting of letting children take some risks. "We are depriving them of opportunities to learn how to take control of their own lives," writes Peter Gray, a research professor at Boston College. He argues that this increases the chance that they will suffer from anxiety, depression, and various other mental disorders, which have gone up dramatically in recent decades. I am no psychologist like Professor Gray, but I know I won't be around forever to protect my girls from the challenges life holds in store for them. And by giving kids more control over their lives, they learn to have more confidence in their own capabilities.
Answer: terrified
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Hearing the author's daughter exploring the new neighborhood alone, his American friends feel _ .
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task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
|
task405-659c9e778a714718ac9e683b33b2ab2b
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You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning.
In 1967, during the Vietnam War, Army Special Forces Colonel Walter E. Kurtz (Marlon Brando) has become insane and now commands his own Montagnard troops, inside neutral Cambodia, as a demi-god. Colonel Lucas (Harrison Ford) and General Corman (G.D. Spradlin), who are growing increasingly concerned with Kurtz's renegade operations, assign U.S. Army Captain and Studies and Observations Group veteran Benjamin L. Willard (Martin Sheen) to terminate the Colonel's command with extreme prejudice.
Willard, while ambivalent about the mission, joins a Navy PBR (for "Patrol boat, riverine") commanded by "Chief" (Albert Hall) and crewmen Lance (Sam Bottoms), "Chef" (Frederic Forrest) and "(Mr.) Clean" (Laurence Fishburne) to head upriver. They rendezvous with surfing enthusiast Lieutenant Colonel Bill Kilgore (Robert Duvall), a commander of a cavalry squadron, to discuss going up the Nung River. Kilgore initially scoffs at them, but befriends Lance when he discovers he is an expert surfer and agrees to escort them through the Viet Cong-held coastal mouth of the river where surfing conditions are particularly good. At dawn the helicopter raid commences. Amid the attack, Kilgore calls in a napalm sortie on the local cadres and the rivermouth is taken. Willard gathers his men to the PBR, which has been transported via helicopter, and begins the journey up river.
Tension arises between Chief and Willard as Willard believes himself to be in command of the PBR while Chief prioritizes other objectives over Willard's secret mission. Slowly making their way upriver, Willard reveals part of his mission to the Chief to assuage the Chief's concerns about why his mission should take precedence. As night falls, the PBR reaches the chaotic last US outpost on the N ng River, the Do Long Bridge. Willard and Lance enter the base seeking information on what is upriver. Unable to find anyone in command of the base, Willard orders the Chief to continue upriver as an unseen enemy launches a strike on the bridge.
The next day, Willard learns from a dispatch that another Studies and Observation Group (SOG) operative, Captain Colby (Scott Glenn), who was sent on an earlier mission identical to Willard's, had joined Kurtz. (A few days before Willard received this dispatch, Chief had told him that about six months prior to Willard's mission Chief had taken another man north of the Do Long Bridge. Chief had heard this man shot himself in the head.) Meanwhile, as the rest of the crew read letters from home, Lance pops open a purple smoke grenade for fun. It attracts the attention of an unseen enemy in the trees, and Mr. Clean is killed during the firefight. Further up the river, they are attacked by the natives once more one enemy throws a spear that impales Chief, and in his final moments, he attempts to kill Willard by pulling him down onto the spear's point. Willard retaliates by suffocating him. While Lance buries Chief's body in the river, Willard finally reveals his mission to Chef despite Chef's initial outrage at the fact that Willard is going "to kill one of our own guys," he rejects Willard's offer to let the two of them head back downriver while Willard goes on alone, and insists that they complete the mission together.
The PBR arrives at Kurtz's outpost, and the surviving crew members are met by an American freelance photojournalist (Dennis Hopper), who manically praises Kurtz's genius. As they wander through the compound they come across Colby, who stands nearly catatonic, along with other US servicemen now serving in Kurtz's renegade army. After returning to the PBR, Willard later takes Lance with him, leaving Chef behind with orders to call in an airstrike on Kurtz's compound if they do not return.
In the camp, Willard is subdued, bound and brought before Kurtz in a darkened temple. Tortured and imprisoned, Willard screams as Kurtz drops Chef's severed head into his lap. After several days, Willard is released and given the freedom of the compound. Kurtz lectures him on his theories of war, humanity and civilization while praising the ruthlessness and dedication of the Viet Cong. Kurtz discusses his family and asks that Willard tell his son about him in the event of his death.
That night, as the Montagnards ceremonially slaughter a water buffalo, Willard stealthily enters Kurtz's chamber as Kurtz is making a tape recording and attacks him with a machete. Lying mortally wounded on the ground, Kurtz, with his dying breath, whispers "...The horror... the horror...". All in the compound now sense something amiss in Kurtz's quarters; seeing Willard departing the room, dropping a bloody machete and carrying a collection of Kurtz's writings, they drop their own weapons and bow down, allowing Willard to take Lance by the hand and lead him to the boat. The two of them motor away, as Kurtz's final words echo eerily for the audience, as their world fades to black.
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Why did tension arise between Willard and Chief?
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task390_torque_text_span_selection
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task390-139eb577c8f7491e9f16ad643f601d86
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In this task, you will be given a passage, a question and a list of single-word events identified from the passage. The goal is to point out all events from the given event list that can answer the question. If a question is unanswerable or none of the events answer the question, output should be empty.
Passage: "This is just the start we needed because every point earned will count in the tournament," Dancer said. "As Olympic champions we are one of the favoured sides to win the title and we are focused on that goal." Question: What might happen after Dancer said something? Events: ['start', 'earned', 'count', 'said', 'win', 'focused', 'goal', 'tournament', 'are']
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goal
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task517_emo_classify_emotion_of_dialogue
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task517-74199457c89e432eb08688c3c9efadce
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In this task you will be given some text dialogue and you need to infer the underlying emotion of the text. The possible emotions are happy, sad, angry, or other.
u are talking so rude you love it no i do not
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angry
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task368_synthetic_even_or_odd_calculation
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task368-78083133f3bd406199775b74c84c4c2a
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In this task you will be given a list of integers. For every element in the list, if the element is even you should divide by 4, if the element is odd you should multiply by 4 then add 2. The output should be a list of numbers that is the result of applying that logic to the input list. You should not round any decimals in the output. Zero should be counted as an even integer.
[65, -66, 71, -4, -9, 64]
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[262, -16.5, 286, -1.0, -34, 16.0]
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task191_hotpotqa_question_generation
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task191-21c61cb0bece4c0a833893548c46427b
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In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.
Context_1 : Jack O'Diamonds is a musical play with music by Noel Gay and book and lyrics by Clifford Grey and H.F. Maltby. It opened at London's Gaiety Theatre on 25 February 1935. Context_2 : Noel Gay (15 July 1898 – 4 March 1954) was born Reginald Moxon Armitage. He also used the name Stanley Hill professionally. He was a successful British composer of popular music of the 1930s and 1940s whose output comprised 45 songs as well as the music for 28 films and 26 London shows. Sheridan Morley has commented that he was "the closest Britain ever came to a local Irving Berlin". Context_3 : The Sun Has Got His Hat On is a song by Noel Gay and Ralph Butler. It is known for its appearance in the 1985 version of the musical "Me and My Girl", and was originally recorded in 1932 by two popular UK dance bands – Ambrose and his Orchestra, with vocals by Sam Browne, and by the Henry Hall BBC Dance Orchestra with vocals by Val Rosing. Context_4 : Me and My Girl is a musical with music by Noel Gay and its original book and lyrics by Douglas Furber and L. Arthur Rose. The musical is set in the late 1930s and tells the story of an unapologetically unrefined cockney gentleman named Bill Snibson, who learns that he is the 14th heir to the Earl of Hareford. The action is set in Hampshire, Mayfair and Lambeth. Context_5 : Timothy Hines is an American film director, writer and producer. Best known for his adaptation of the H. G. Wells novel "The War of the Worlds", he has a background in directing television commercials and short films. In 1999, he founded the independent film production company Pendragon Pictures with his colleague Susan Goforth. To date, they have produced three films together H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (2005), War of the Worlds – The True Story (2011) and 10 Days in a Madhouse (2015) Context_6 : "We Don't Know Where We're Going (Until We're There!)" is a popular song written by British composer Noel Gay and lyricist Ralph Butler, and published in 1944. Context_7 : "Run Rabbit Run" is a song written by Noel Gay and Ralph Butler. The music was by Noel Gay and the song was originally sung by Flanagan and Allen. Context_8 : Susan Goforth is an American actress and producer. Her work includes stage roles in "Guys and Dolls", "Me and My Girl", "Singin' in the Rain", "A Chorus Line" and "Follies". In 1999, she and her colleague Timothy Hines formed Pendragon Pictures, based in Seattle, Washington. Context_9 : "The Lambeth Walk" is a song from the 1937 musical "Me and My Girl" (with book and lyrics by Douglas Furber and L. Arthur Rose and music by Noel Gay). The song takes its name from a local street Lambeth Walk once notable for its street market and working class culture in Lambeth, an area of London. Context_10 : Letting in the Sunshine is a 1933 British comedy crime film directed by Lupino Lane and starring Albert Burdon, Renee Gadd and Molly Lamont. It was based on a story by Anthony Asquith. The film was made by British International Pictures at Elstree Studios. The sets were designed by the art director David Rawnsley. The theme song "Letting in the Sunshine" was written by the composer Noel Gay. fact_1 : Her work includes stage roles in "Guys and Dolls", "Me and My Girl", "Singin' in the Rain", "A Chorus Line" and "Follies". fact_2 : Me and My Girl is a musical with music by Noel Gay and its original book and lyrics by Douglas Furber and L. Arthur Rose. Answer: Me and My Girl
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What musical with music by Noel Gay did Susan Goforth perform in?
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task397_semeval_2018_task1_tweet_anger_detection
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task397-70d94a09c2be4e52ba514a36d37688d0
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In this task you are given a tweet. You must judge whether the author of the tweet is angry or not. Label the instances as "Angry" or "Not angry" based on your judgment.
Holding a #grudge doesn't make you #strong; it makes you #bitter. #Forgiving doesn't make you #weak; it sets you #free.
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Not angry
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task515_senteval_odd_word_out
|
task515-b2fcfea7e7014e6294942f9d21d4e2b1
|
In this task, you are given a sentence. You must judge whether a single noun or verb has been replaced with another word with the same part of speech. The inversion would result in the sentence sounding unnatural, So unnatural sentences will be considered changed. Label the instances as "Original" or "Changed" based on your judgment.
We 're going to avenge the landing site and wait for our relief in that clearing over there .
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Changed
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task183_rhyme_generation
|
task183-e326e17d778544f089580ceb822e972c
|
Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No"
six
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vicks
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task506_position_of_all_alphabetical_elements_in_list
|
task506-d531024798064d69815efc5781cb0909
|
In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the position of all the alphabetical elements in the given list in order. Assume the position of the 1st element to be 1. Return -1 if no alphabetical element is in the list.
['8069', '4385', '3855', '1101', '717', '8333', 'k', '5645', '4611', '8913', 'n', 'O', 'x', '6637', '9971', '1901', '5405', 'p', '4161', '8687', '401', 'S', 'C', '6643', '4737', '8417', '4561']
|
7, 11, 12, 13, 18, 22, 23
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task453_swag_answer_generation
|
task453-c39736700bde4d709f1b496315111790
|
Given a sentence, generate what should be the most likely next statement. The next statement should be reasonable and logically correct.
Someone's in an army recruitment center looking at the posters. A gray haired man in a sergeant's uniform
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sits at a desk with a poster of someone behind him.
|
task616_cola_classification
|
task616-503fcc273f8c4940a906ff5e1669e367
|
You're given a sentence and your task is to classify whether the sentence is acceptable or not. Any sentence which is grammatically correct, has a naturalistic text, is written by a native speaker and which minimizes superfluous content is acceptable, otherwise unacceptable. If the sentence is acceptable then write "acceptable", otherwise "unacceptable".
This is the problem that you'll beat the competition more easily, the sooner you solve.
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unacceptable
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task472_haspart_classification
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task472-02e6e8c9e29e45c780d611b3a538dd10
|
Given two entities as input, classify as "yes" if second entity is the part of the first entity. Otherwise classify them as "no". These are entities of meronym In linguistics, meronymy is a semantic relation between a meronym denoting a part and a holonym denoting a whole. In simpler terms, a meronym (i.e., second entity) is in a part-of relationship with its holonym (i.e., first entity).
Entity 1: dog
Entity 2: fur and seed fragment
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yes
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task1291_multi_news_summarization
|
task1291-27ad1ba3d1934e359ab3aadb2bb1daad
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In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Surprise! Lady Gaga shocked fans when she announced the release of her new single, "The Cure," at the end of her 90-minute performance at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in Indio, California, on Saturday, April 15.
Midway through her 18-song set, the six-time Grammy winner, 31, played the new track for the first time, sending her Little Monsters into a frenzy on social media. "I've been so excited for this next part of the show because I've been trying to keep it a secret for so long," she told the packed crowd. "I've been in the studio and I'd like to debut a brand new song, 'The Cure.'"
Later in the evening, as fans began to head for the exit, Gaga had one final surprise. "My new single is out tonight on iTunes. It's called 'The Cure,'" she announced. "I love you!"
The Cure A post shared by xoxo, Joanne (@ladygaga) on Apr 16, 2017 at 1:43am PDT
"The Cure" is a bit of a departure from Mother Monster's previous releases. The song blends R&B and dancehall in the verses before the pop-friendly chorus kicks in. "If I can't find the cure / I'll, I'll fix you with my love," she belts. "And if you say you're OK / I'm gonna heal you anyway / Promise I'll always be there / Promise I'll be the cure."
Like her Super Bowl halftime show in February, Gaga's Coachella gig spanned her career and included hits such as "Just Dance," "Born This Way" and "Bad Romance." Gaga replaced Beyoncé as this year's headliner after Beyoncé announced she's pregnant with twins.
Listen to "The Cure" below!
Sign up now for the Us Weekly newsletter to get breaking celebrity news, hot pics and more delivered straight to your inbox! ||||| These crawls are part of an effort to archive pages as they are created and archive the pages that they refer to. That way, as the pages that are referenced are changed or taken from the web, a link to the version that was live when the page was written will be preserved.Then the Internet Archive hopes that references to these archived pages will be put in place of a link that would be otherwise be broken, or a companion link to allow people to see what was originally intended by a page's authors.The goal is to fix all broken links on the web . Crawls of supported "No More 404" sites. |||||
|
Lady Gaga didn't just headline at Coachella on Saturday, she surprised her fans by debuting a new song. Gaga set up "The Cure" about halfway through her 90-minute set at the music festival in California, reports US Weekly. "I've been so excited for this next part of the show because I've been trying to keep it a secret for so long," she told the crowd. You can see the performance here. Pitchfork collects other samples from the show here. (Gaga is the first female headliner at Coachella in a decade.)
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task363_sst2_polarity_classification
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task363-fa84115d0d274214892f8b14751a1a88
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In this task, you are given sentences from movie reviews. The task is to classify a sentence as "POS" if the sentiment of the sentence is positive or as "NEG" if the sentiment of the sentence is negative
You might want to take a reality check before you pay the full ticket price to see `` Simone , '' and consider a DVD rental instead .
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NEG
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task274_overruling_legal_classification
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task274-33c492b4c49844e69f73ee99bce2795e
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In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
we acknowledge that, in rejecting the inadvertence prong as a component of the plain-view exception as articulated in bruzzese , we are setting forth a new rule of law.
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overruling
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task413_mickey_en_sentence_perturbation_generation
|
task413-c7342eb3b9554be795b2ebe4bcaec643
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Given a sentence, generate a new sentence by performing small changes on the sentence. Here, make sure that the changes are semantically related and syntactically similar to the input. And the generated sentence should have high commonsense plausibility, that is to have reasonable probability of it being true.
A Production secretary provides guidance to directors .
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A company secretary provides guidance to directors.
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task1295_adversarial_qa_question_answering
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task1295-bd4ee9fcd34a4cbd97dbda98a6c95949
|
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Which of the following was on the same side as the UN: the U.S. or North Korea?, Context: Because neither Korea had a significant navy, the Korean War featured few naval battles. A skirmish between North Korea and the UN Command occurred on 2 July 1950; the U.S. Navy cruiser USS Juneau, the Royal Navy cruiser HMS Jamaica, and the frigate HMS Black Swan fought four North Korean torpedo boats and two mortar gunboats, and sank them. USS Juneau later sank several ammunition ships that had been present. The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon, days before the Battle of Incheon; the ROK ship PC-703 sank a North Korean mine layer in the Battle of Haeju Island, near Inchon. Three other supply ships were sunk by PC-703 two days later in the Yellow Sea. Thereafter, vessels from the UN nations held undisputed control of the sea about Korea. The gun ships were used in shore bombardment, while the aircraft carriers provided air support to the ground forces.
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the U.S
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task633_dbpedia_14_answer_generation
|
task633-94665175d5ec483dbd2fca06300cf709
|
In this task, you are given a text which is the body of a document. You are given a question and options. Pick the correct number. Don't generate anything else apart from the numbers provided in options.
Context: Hochstein is a mountain of Saxony southeastern Germany.
Question: The document can be classified to which topic?
Options: 1)NaturalPlace, 2)MeanOfTransportation, 3)Artist, 4)Athlete, 5)Building
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1
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task389_torque_generate_temporal_question
|
task389-0442f5acf15a4c5d885257c49ce801b5
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In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.
Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.
Passage: "On Saturday and Sunday alone, we sold 400,000 yuan (nearly 50,000 US dollars) of the toy mascots," said Li Qiaosheng, general manager of Xinbai Department Store, one of the biggest in Nanjing. Yet some citizens' love for the Olympic mascots went irrational.
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What was happening while they sold 400,000 yuan of the toy mascots?
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task1291_multi_news_summarization
|
task1291-a409c6ca6de04a848b2dc1b83320139c
|
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
These crawls are part of an effort to archive pages as they are created and archive the pages that they refer to. That way, as the pages that are referenced are changed or taken from the web, a link to the version that was live when the page was written will be preserved.Then the Internet Archive hopes that references to these archived pages will be put in place of a link that would be otherwise be broken, or a companion link to allow people to see what was originally intended by a page's authors.The goal is to fix all broken links on the web . Crawls of supported "No More 404" sites. ||||| These crawls are part of an effort to archive pages as they are created and archive the pages that they refer to. That way, as the pages that are referenced are changed or taken from the web, a link to the version that was live when the page was written will be preserved.Then the Internet Archive hopes that references to these archived pages will be put in place of a link that would be otherwise be broken, or a companion link to allow people to see what was originally intended by a page's authors.The goal is to fix all broken links on the web . Crawls of supported "No More 404" sites. |||||
|
Crushed seashells are one of the best surfaces for making paths and driveways on your property, according to this helpful landscaping website. But some Rhode Islanders are learning the hard way it's ideal if the shells are cleaned first. Residents in Tiverton say a neighbor recently dumped thousands of unwashed clam shells on his property to build an access road, KTRK reports. Now, with the sun coming out after a few days of rain, the smell is becoming unbearable. "Some parts still [have] the meat, so now it's decaying. It's like bodies decaying," one neighbor tells WJAR. "So, you've got about a million bodies decaying." Neighbors tells CBS Boston they asked the homeowner to please use washed clam shells, but he refused. Now flies and maggots are swarming the smelly scene. The town manager has issued a cease and desist order, and police and the state Department of Environmental Management are investigating, but the shells are still there—and along with them the bothersome stink. Neighbors are circulating a petition to get the shells removed. The owner of the property declined to speak to reporters.
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task596_mocha_question_generation
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task596-c60242d2320e469ca56c228569991fb3
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In this task, you're given a context passage. Your job is to generate relevant questions that can be answered by directly referring to the passage.
Jesse went camping with Addison's friends.
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Why did Jesse do this?
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task078_all_elements_except_last_i
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task078-34e31ceb34fd432f838e85f2d827339e
|
In this task, you are given inputs i and A, where i is an integer and A is a list. You need to list all the elements of A preceding the last i elements. i will always have a value less than the length of A.
1, ['391', '2357', 'S', '1039', 'Z', '2227', '5533', '2737', 'p', '5389', 'R', '8729', 'J']
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391, 2357, S, 1039, Z, 2227, 5533, 2737, p, 5389, R, 8729
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task065_timetravel_consistent_sentence_classification
|
task065-f2b29d1a1a6549cd8a97f8e8dcbf0404
|
In this task, you are given a short story consisting of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. You are given two options and you need to select the one that best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Indicate your answer by 'Option 1' if the first option is correct, otherwise 'Option 2'. The incorrect option will change the subsequent storyline, so that at least one of the three subsequent sentences is no longer consistent with the story.
Sentence 1: Tim joined his school's swim team.
Sentence 3: Tim practiced often on his own
Sentence 4: He quickly became the best on his team
Sentence 5: He won several championships
Option 1: He loved swimming.
Option 2: He was forced into swimming.
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Option 1
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task1206_atomic_classification_isbefore
|
task1206-a3a2a2b412494286b936ef2ec3d3e167
|
In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head happens before the Tail or not. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Head: PersonX camps with friends<sep>Tail: PersonX tells stories around the fire
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Yes
|
task1599_smcalflow_classification
|
task1599-302d7dee125546d19123fc1c461b36a7
|
In this task, you are given an utterance, which is a part of a conversation between a user and an agent. Your job is to detect the speaker. The user usually commands the agent to schedule events, retrieve event information, and check the schedule. While the agent's response is an answer to the user's questions or follow-up questions on the user's command. Answer with "User" or "Agent".
I've deleted your event matching "dinner date" Trey on August 23rd.
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agent
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task1308_amazonreview_category_classification
|
task1308-219ae2bc82d8424d83f5f8720d3def34
|
In this task, you're given a review from Amazon and category of the product based on the review given by the user and your task is classify whether the given category match the review. Generate "True" if given review and its category match, otherwise generate "False".
Reviews: What the hut is of giant size in his good for the turtle and the turtle does seem to like it the would on outside has just been falling apart as you can see on the bottom right side and have not even had it a week.
Category: apparel
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False
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task592_sciq_incorrect_answer_generation
|
task592-b7fefca7a3b542348e6ff78a3fd8685f
|
Given a scientific question, generate an incorrect answer to the given question. The incorrect answer should be a plausible alternative to the correct answer. The answer should be some other item belonging to the same category as the correct answer but should be incorrect.
What are the most dramatic, sudden, and dangerous types of mass wasting?
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monsoons
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task864_asdiv_singleop_question_answering
|
task864-f952b543e461471497cb3ef87e785e35
|
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to apply a single mathematical operator like addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
the razorback t-shirt shop makes $ 9 dollars off each t-shirt sold . during the arkansas and texas tech game they sold 245 t-shirts . how much money did they make from selling the t-shirts ?
|
2205
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task1422_mathqa_physics
|
task1422-bf8fb734aee942078e5c8577138f1f4c
|
In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on the physics. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Problem: a train passes a station platform in 36 sec and a man standing on the platform in 25 sec . if the speed of the train is 54 km / hr . what is the length of the platform ?
Options: a ) 767 m , b ) 240 m , c ) 187 m , d ) 176 m , e ) 165 m
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e
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task478_cls_english_music_classification
|
task478-27bfcef858c74d11880ce4040bbaa60c
|
In this task, you are given music product reviews in English language. The goal is to classify the review as "POS" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEG" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative.
Fake! Fake! Fake! . I bought one of these CD's many years ago and found out the hard way. What a joke and a ripoff. No original artists and nowhere on the CD does it say this. I never bought another one.
|
NEG
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task1217_atomic_answer_generation
|
task1217-a77b6c8f991e44f7929a6694a0fe7817
|
In this task, you are given a sentence with a missing word that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. Fill in the blank with a plausible word. Although each sentence has many correct answers, you only have to write one answer.
PersonX counts every ___
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chicken
|
task398_semeval_2018_task1_tweet_joy_detection
|
task398-5cf6798f1e6947fdbc30444224a14adc
|
In this task you are given a tweet. You must judge whether the author of the tweet is happy or not. Label the instances as "Happy" or "Not happy" based on your judgment.
Cross Party Group on Crofting meeting tonight in @ScotParl. Suspect it's going to be a lively meeting....
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Not happy
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task849_pubmedqa_answer_generation
|
task849-68049512ca8a43f48a5e8a436586cf99
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In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
Context: The calcium-channel blocking effect of magnesium might have protective effects in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. We assessed the effects of magnesium on hearts undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery with intermittent warm blood hyperkalemic cardioplegia in the antegrade fashion.', 'Twenty patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery were randomly divided into two groups, a control group who received intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalemic cardioplegia for myocardial protection, and a study group who received the same solution with the addition of magnesium to the cardioplegia. Extracellular substrates (creatinine phosphokinase, creatinine phosphokinase-MB group, lactate dehydrogenase, c-reactive protein, and cardiac troponin I were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.', 'There were significant differences in the post-operative concentrations of creatinine phosphokinase, creatinine phosphokinase-MB group, c-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase after cardiopulmonary bypass (P<0.001) in the study group compared with the control subjects. Cardiac troponin I levels were also significantly lower in the study group after cardiopulmonary bypass (P<0.005).\Question: Does magnesium decrease cardiac injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery?
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Our study indicates that if magnesium is added to intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalemic cardioplegia, blood levels of many markers of cardiac myocardial injury after cardiopulmonary bypass are lowered. This finding may have implications for myocardial protection.
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task1296_wiki_hop_question_answering
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task1296-681c825fd05f467dbf92863e730f6938
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In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
Context: Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 17131728 and 17321918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow., The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (derived from "bol'shinstvo", "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The RSDLP was a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898 in Minsk(Belarus) to unite the various revolutionary organisations of the Russian Empire into one party., Nadezhda Konstantinovna "Nadya" Krupskaya (scientific transliteration "Nadežda Konstantinovna Krupskaja"; 27 February 1939) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, politician, and the wife of Vladimir Lenin from 1898 until his death in 1924. She served as the Soviet Union's Deputy Minister of Education from 1929 until her death in 1939., The PolishSoviet War (February 1919 March 1921) was an armed conflict that pitted Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine against the Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic over the control of an area equivalent to today's Ukraine and parts of modern-day Belarus. Ultimately the Soviets, following on from their Westward Offensive of 191819, hoped to fully occupy Poland., The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International (19191943), was an international communist organization that advocated world communism. The International intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State.", Shushenskoye is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Shushensky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Yenisei and Big Shush. Population: , The October Revolution, officially known in the Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution , and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd on 25 October (7 November, New Style) 1917., Leninism is the political theory for the democratic organisation of a revolutionary vanguard party and the achievement of a dictatorship of the proletariat, as political prelude to the establishment of socialism. Developed by and named for the Russian revolutionary Lenin, Leninism comprises socialist political and economic theories, developed from Marxism, and Lenin's interpretations of Marxist theories, for practical application to the socio-political conditions of the Russian Empire of the early 20th century. , Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov ( Russian : ; April 12 , 1866 -- May 8 , 1887 ) was a Russian revolutionary and older brother of Vladimir Lenin . He was also known familiarly by Sasha ( a common diminutive form of the name Alexander ) ., The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR " ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital., Kazan ("Qazan") is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,143,535, it is the eighth most populous city in Russia. Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia. The Kazan Kremlin is a World Heritage Site., The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favoring monarchism, capitalism and alternative forms of socialism, each with democratic and antidemocratic variants. In addition, rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites. Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces and the pro-German armies. The Red Army defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920. Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. Armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,000-12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians. The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greatest national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen., Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; ), commonly known as , was a sovereign state in 191722 and 1991-93, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 192291 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 199091. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. The capital of the Russian SFSR was Moscow and the other major urban centers included Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara., Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that analyzes class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and a dialectical view of social transformation. It originates from the mid-to-late 19th century works of German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels., The Central Powers , consisting of Germany, , the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance was one of the two main factions during World War I (191418). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente, after which it was dissolved., The Red Terror was a campaign of mass killings, torture, and systematic oppression conducted by the Bolsheviks after the beginning of the Russian Civil War in 1918. Soviet historiography describes the Red Terror as having been officially announced in September 1918 by Yakov Sverdlov and ending about October 1918. However, the term was frequently applied to political repression during the whole period of the Civil War (19181922).
The Cheka (the Bolshevik secret police) conducted the mass repressions. Estimates for the total number of people killed in the Red Terror range from 10,000 to over one and a half million., Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by the alias Lenin ( 21 January 1924), was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as head of government of the Russian Republic from 1917 to 1918, of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia and then the wider Soviet Union became a one-party socialist state governed by the Russian Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, he developed political theories known as Leninism.
Born to a wealthy middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's execution in 1887. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist regime, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior figure in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent party theorist through his publications. In 1903, he took a key role in a RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Encouraging insurrection during Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he later campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which as a Marxist he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime.
Lenin's government was led by the Bolsheviksnow renamed the Communist Partywith some powers initially also held by elected soviets. The new government called elections for the Constituent Assembly and then abolished it, withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty with the Central Powers, and granted independence to non-Russian nations under Russian control. It redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign orchestrated by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed and others interned in concentration camps. Anti-Bolshevik armies, established by both right and left-wing groups, were defeated in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin promoted economic growth through a mixed economic system. Seeking to promote world revolution, Lenin's government created the Communist International, waged the PolishSoviet War, and united Russia with neighbouring nations to form the Soviet Union in 1922. In increasingly poor health, Lenin expressed opposition to the growing power of his successor, Joseph Stalin, before dying at his Gorki mansion.
Widely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century, Lenin was the posthumous subject of a pervasive personality cult within the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. He became an ideological figurehead behind Marxism-Leninism and thus a prominent influence over the international communist movement. A controversial and highly divisive individual, Lenin is viewed by Marxist-Leninists as a champion of socialism and the working class, while critics on both the left and right see him as the founder of a totalitarian dictatorship responsible for mass human rights abuses., Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech and organization, that tends toward insurrection against the established order. Sedition often includes subversion of a constitution and incitement of discontent (or resistance) to lawful authority. Sedition may include any commotion, though not aimed at direct and open violence against the laws. Seditious words in writing are seditious libel. A seditionist is one who engages in or promotes the interests of sedition., A peasant is a member of a traditional class of farmers, either laborers or owners of small farms, especially in the Middle Ages under feudalism, or more generally, in any pre-industrial society. In Europe, peasants were divided into three classes according to their personal status: slave, serf, and free tenant. Peasants either hold title to land in fee simple, or hold land by any of several forms of land tenure, among them socage, quit-rent, leasehold, and copyhold., Russia, also officially known as the Russian Empire, was a state that existed from 1721 until it was overthrown by the short-lived liberal February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 181214 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe, and expanded to the west and south., Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 5 March 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. Holding the post of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he was effectively the dictator of the state., The Russian Republic was a short-lived state that controlled, "de jure", the territory of the former Russian Empire after the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II on 2 March [15 March, ] 1917. Less than eight months later, the Republic was dissolved after the October Revolution on 25 October [7 November, N.S.] 1917 and the establishment of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). Officially, the Republic's government was the Provisional Government of Russia, although "de facto" control was split between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet., Subject: aleksandr ulyanov, Relation: place_of_birth, Options: (A) alliance (B) center (C) central (D) fully (E) german (F) germany (G) ii (H) kazan (I) krasnoyarsk krai (J) liberal (K) march (L) minsk (M) most (N) napoleon (O) nizhny novgorod (P) novosibirsk (Q) of (R) petersburg (S) republic (T) republic of tatarstan (U) russia (V) russian empire (W) russian soviet federative socialist republic (X) second polish republic (Y) shush (Z) siberia ([) soviet union (\) union (]) vladimir (^) yekaterinburg
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nizhny novgorod
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task899_freebase_qa_topic_generation
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task899-3ec94b6168984bfb925c46b270556b80
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Given a factoid/trivia type question, generate the topic of the question. The topic is the entity the question talks about.
Who was in all of these films: Alfie, The Man Who Would Be King, Educating Rita, Little Voice, Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, Last Orders and The Quiet American?
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educating rita
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task1186_nne_hrngo_classification
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task1186-cf4e64da724844a48540fc2060f4e7f9
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You are given an original reference as well as a system generated reference. Your task is to judge the naturaleness of the system generated reference. If the utterance could have been produced by a native speaker output 1, else output 0.
System Reference: old skool cafe allows children.
Original Reference: yes, the old skool cafe does allow child -s.
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1
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task494_review_polarity_answer_generation
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task494-8fd499b8aea545a58824e16866b3db79
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Given a review text from amazon and its polarity (either positive or negative). Generate answer "True" if given sentence and its polarity match, otherwise generate answer "False". A review is considered positive if the reviewer is satisfied with the product. Otherwise, it is considered negative.
Review: that I don't like this book. I read it in high school, when all I did (and still do) was read everything I could get my hands on. I love literature, I am even majoring in creative writing in college. I UNDERSTOOD the book, what it was trying to say, the plot, etc. I just thought it didn't do a very good job of saying what it was trying to say. It was unnecessarily vague (what is the reason behind trying to confuse somebody?), wordy, high-flown and just too big. The story could have been told more effectively as a short story, even half the length. I don't reccommend.
Polarity: Positive
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False
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task308_jeopardy_answer_generation_all
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task308-eb6732ca46594a2f87b55887662e51ad
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You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
Category: WHERE HISTORY HAPPENED
Clue: In 1517 the Ottoman Empire put its foot down on this town in Galilee, the home of Joseph, Mary & Jesus
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nazareth
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task098_conala_list_intersection
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task098-7e3efbf9ecb84cdcaf616dfa67381989
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In this task you will be given two lists of numbers and you need to calculate the intersection between these two lists. The intersection between two lists is another list where every element is common between the two original lists. If there are no elements in the intersection, answer with an empty list. Your list of numbers must be inside brackets. Sort the numbers in your answer in an ascending order, that is, no matter what the order of the numbers in the lists is, you should put them in your answer in an ascending order.
[7, 2, 10, 8, 5] , [2, 1, 5, 6, 10]
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[2, 5, 10]
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task636_extract_and_sort_unique_alphabets_in_a_list
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task636-1ba4afd8bc51463ca6725370eaa183dd
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In this task, you are given an input list A comprising of numbers and alphabets. You need to extract and sort the unique alphabets in the list. The alphabets in the input list will only be in lowercase. Return -1 if there is no alphabet in the input list.
['5811', 'p', '8609', 'h', 'w', '3919', 'l', 'l', 'f', '6053', 'l', 'e', 'r', '1087', 'z', 'j', '4953', '3523', 'q', '3977', '9673', 'w', '5427', 'm', '3117', 'x', '4355', '1653', '9583', '9027', '8429', 'n', '2185', '3465', 't']
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e, f, h, j, l, m, n, p, q, r, t, w, x, z
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task087_new_operator_addsub_arithmetic
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task087-186676a1f6cf47eb9d928d9b078abe09
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In this task you will be given an arithmetic operation and you have to find its answer. The operators '+' and '-' have been replaced with new symbols. Specifically, '+' has been replaced with the symbol '@' and '-' with the symbol '#'. You need to perform the operations in the given equation return the answer
8649 @ 4397 @ 919 # 3478 @ 2935 # 8295
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5127
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task389_torque_generate_temporal_question
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task389-68c17672215b488abb10bcfc9641f71d
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In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.
Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.
Passage: The APEC ministers agreed that high-quality RTAs/FTAs maximized the contribution of those agreements to APEC-wide progress toward the Bogor Goals. Ministers agreed that APEC would develop by 2008 comprehensive model measures as many commonly accepted RTA/FTA chapters as possible for trade facilitation, said the joint statement.
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What will likely happen in the future?
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task112_asset_simple_sentence_identification
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task112-4e1d8b21d00541e4bf6223c391d5ea47
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You will be given two pieces of text with the same meaning. One of them is simpler and easier to understand for non-native English speakers. Complex texts may contain more difficult words, have unnecessary phrases or contain long sentences. Your task is to choose the simpler piece of text. You are expected to output 'Text one' if the first sentence is simpler. Otherwise output 'Text two'.
Text one: The volcano is notorious for its ash explosions.
Text two: The volcano is notorious for its ash explosions.
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Text one
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task1423_mathqa_geometry
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task1423-3631ce45b5c64277bd9ec3702d3302f9
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In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on geometry. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Problem: two circular frames are kept one above the other . frame x has a diameter of 16 cm and frame y has a diameter of 12 cm . what fraction of the surface of frame x is not covered by frame y ?
Options: ['a ) 3 / 5', 'b ) 7 / 16', 'c ) 12 / 16', 'd ) 24 / 12', 'e ) 2 / 3']
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b
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task092_check_prime_classification
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task092-38d09c02198b4c6a913278b382293794
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In this task, you need to output 'Yes' if the given number is a prime number otherwise output 'No'. A 'prime number' is a a whole number above 1 that can not be made by multiplying other whole numbers.
82490
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No
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task1604_ethos_text_classification
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task1604-4cd9f31d4b7e44278582788abb26edb0
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Given a comment, classify it into a 'hate' speech or 'not hate' speech. Answer using 'hate' or 'not hate'.
All these women have such obvious respect and admiration for each other
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not hate
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task1290_xsum_summarization
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task1290-27f0043ea7094d08b7eb7f1f1218ee47
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In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
Mr Zuma said the South Africans had died in a nine-hour "high-tempo battle" against the "bandits" in Bangui.
South Africa had about 200 troops stationed in the city to block Seleka rebels from seizing power.
Ousted CAR leader Francois Bozize has fled to neighbouring Cameroon, officials there have announced.
Following the rebel takeover, the African Union has suspended CAR and imposed sanctions on Seleka's leaders.
"The council asks all member states to take the measures necessary to completely isolate the authors of this anti-constitutional change of power," said AU peace and security council chief Ramtane Lamamra, adding that this includes travel restrictions and an asset freeze on Seleka's leaders.
Rebel leader Michel Djotodia said he was now in charge but would uphold a peace accord that promised elections in three years.
He also said the existing power-sharing government - headed by Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye, an opposition figure - would remain in place.
"We are not here to carry out a witch-hunt," Mr Djotodia told Radio France Internationale (RFI).
By Pumza FihlaniBBC News, Johannesburg
Sitting ducks? This is the question on the minds of many South Africans after the deaths of 13 soldiers in fighting with rebels in the troubled Central African Republic.
South Africa has for years prided itself on having one of the most organised armies in Africa but the deaths of these men begs the question: "Could the government have avoided this?"
President Zuma says just over 200 troops were deployed to the CAR in January, half the number that was expected to have been sent to support and train the poorly trained and ill-equipped forces of ousted President Francois Bozize. But officials are now hard-pressed to explain the role the South African soldiers were expected to play in the event of an attack.
Critics say the government may have underestimated the rebel threat and therefore did not react appropriately. Others have questioned why South Africa's role did not change from trainer to fighter when it became clear weeks ago that the rebels were gaining ground.
There are still many unanswered questions but some have accused the government of poor judgement, saying the incident has not only caused embarrassment for the army, but for South Africa as a key player in peace missions in Africa.
However, another rebel leader, Nelson N'Djadder, told Associated Press news agency that he did not recognise Mr Djotodia as the new leader of CAR.
"We had agreed that we would push to Bangui in order to arrest Bozize and that we would then announce an 18-month transition, a transition that would be as fast as possible and not one that would last three years," Mr N'Djadder told AP from Paris.
"I have enough soldiers loyal to me to attack Djotodia. I am planning to take the Wednesday flight to Bangui.''
Looters and armed gangs roamed the streets of Bangui after Mr Djotodia's forces captured the presidential palace on Sunday.
Tens of thousands of people have fled CAR into neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon in recent days, the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) says.
Mr Zuma said just over 200 South African troops had battled more than 1,000 rebel fighters.
"They fought a high-tempo battle for nine hours defending the South African military base, until the bandits raised a white flag and asked for a ceasefire," he said.
"Our soldiers inflicted heavy casualties among the attacking bandit forces."
Thirteen South African troops were killed, 27 wounded and one was unaccounted for, Mr Zuma said.
It was the highest death toll South Africa's army had faced in a single battle since white minority rule ended in 1994, correspondents say.
The BBC's Milton Nkosi in Johannesburg says Mr Zuma's government must be worried that one of the most powerful armies in Africa had suffered heavy casualties at the hands of a rebel group.
It was bewildering that South Africa had sent troops to CAR as part of a bilateral agreement with Mr Bozize's government, rather than through the AU, he says.
The South African National Defence Force Union (Sandu), which represents soldiers, said Mr Zuma should recall troops immediately, "even if it entails launching a military offensive to relieve our troops in distress", its national secretary Pikkie Greeff said.
But Mr Zuma said South Africa planned to reinforce its troops in CAR, as there was "no reason" to leave.
South Africa sent 200 troops in January out of a planned deployment of 400, Mr Zuma said.
Last week, Seleka denounced the South African forces as "mercenaries" and demanded their withdrawal.
Mr Djotodia told RFI that free and fair elections would be held within three years, as outlined in the peace agreement signed with Mr Bozize in January.
The deal collapsed last week when Seleka withdrew its members from the government.
The group accused Mr Bozize of running a parallel administration and failing to honour key aspects of the deal, including the release of political prisoners.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon condemned the rebel seizure of power and called for "the swift restoration of constitutional order".
On Monday French troops guarding Bangui's international airport accidentally killed two Indian citizens and wounded a number of Cameroonians, the French defence ministry said.
The French soldiers shot at three vehicles approaching the airport after firing warning shots and themselves coming under fire, a statement said.
France doubled its military detachment at the airport to around 600 troops on Saturday in order to protect French citizens as rebels approached Bangui.
CAR, which has a population of about 4.5 million, has been hit by a series of rebellions since independence from France in 1960.
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Thirteen South African soldiers were killed in the Central African Republic as rebels seized the capital over the weekend, President Jacob Zuma has said.
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task898_freebase_qa_answer_generation
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task898-baf66e52c5ef4ef3b81abf3fba44339d
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Given an trivia question precisely answer the question with a word/phrase/name. External resources such as Wikipedia could be used to obtain the facts.
What part of France is located on the continent of South America?
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french guiana
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task371_synthetic_product_of_list
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task371-0ff8ba08477743708fa41d8493312c22
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In this task you will be given a list of lists, of numbers. For every inner list, you should multiply every number in that list and put the results in your answer. The output should be a list of numbers with the same length as the number of the lists in the input list.
[[-2, -43, 18, -41], [-32, -6, 26, 0, 0], [7, -40, -5], [-3, 23, -3, 5, 48], [-4, 5], [-22, -4, 5, -41, 46], [50, -8, -28, -35, -31], [27, -21, 5, -32], [40, 39, 38, -43, -31]]
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[-63468, 0, 1400, 49680, -20, -829840, 12152000, 90720, 79020240]
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task157_count_vowels_and_consonants
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task157-f9fb940706dc45b8bd69321b55de85ee
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In this task, you need to count the number of vowels (letters 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u') / consonants (all letters other than vowels) in the given sentence.
Sentence: 'a flock of ducks on the water's surface'. Count the number of vowels in the given sentence.
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11
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task343_winomt_classification_profession_anti
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task343-7360cef3f4004b3ba0fad294192191a2
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In this task, you are given a sentence and a gender. The sentence mentions two professions: one's gender is unknown and the other's gender can be identified using the gendered pronouns that refer to them in the text. You are expected to return the profession with the given gender.
Sentence: The laborer dug a hole for the assistant because she had a shovel.
Gender: female
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Laborer
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task098_conala_list_intersection
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task098-3dc3c44246904f2b8fc42e7c045f06d4
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In this task you will be given two lists of numbers and you need to calculate the intersection between these two lists. The intersection between two lists is another list where every element is common between the two original lists. If there are no elements in the intersection, answer with an empty list. Your list of numbers must be inside brackets. Sort the numbers in your answer in an ascending order, that is, no matter what the order of the numbers in the lists is, you should put them in your answer in an ascending order.
[10, 7, 4, 1, 9, 2, 3, 5, 9] , [9, 10, 3, 10, 4, 4, 1, 1, 6]
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[1, 3, 4, 9, 10]
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task206_collatz_conjecture
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task206-494f144f83ef4e929d03ec0e887fa1b9
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In this task you will be given a list of integers. For every element in the list, if the element is even you should divide by two, if the element is odd you should multiply by three then add one. The output should be a list of integers that is the result of applying that logic to the input list.
[161, 41, 8, 171]
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[484, 124, 4, 514]
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task369_synthetic_remove_odds
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task369-fa1410e5a77541089b170d7291d68e43
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In this task, you will be given a list of integers. You should remove all of the odd integers from the list(consider 0 an even number). If every integer in the input list is odd then an empty list ("[]") should be returned. Otherwise, answer with the list of even numbers separated by comma inside brackets.
[64, 34, -27, 30, 99, 90, 54, 64, 15]
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[64, 34, 30, 90, 54, 64]
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task618_amazonreview_summary_text_generation
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task618-f78818c8c5854bc7a8e66b91851f5bb6
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In this task, you're given reviews from Amazon's products. Your task is to generate the Summary of the review.
This product sucked and it only last less than two weeks. I bought it for my classroom since the school do not supply. I missed the window to send it back. Very disappointed.
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It was supposed to be quality. Which turned out to be trash.
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task308_jeopardy_answer_generation_all
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task308-283f1a2609624c00b2aaa8a878322f06
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You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
Category: 20th CENTURY BOOKS
Clue: In 1929 William Faulkner made a lot of "noise" in the literary world with this book
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"the sound and the fury"
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task1422_mathqa_physics
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task1422-d785e1007a694848a2498fa151f5da3c
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In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on the physics. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Problem: city a to city b , andrew drove for 1 hour at 50 mph and for 3 hours at 60 mph . what was the average speed for the whole trip ?
Options: a ) 56 , b ) 57.5 , c ) 58.9 , d ) 61.4 , e ) 62
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b
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task208_combinations_of_list
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task208-08cf477599f94ba48fcda97f1efb743e
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In this task, you will be given a list. The list is several integers and letters separated with a comma, written within a []. You can create new lists by dropping one of the items in the input list. Your task is to write a list containing all the possible lists you can make by dropping one item from the input list. For example, if the input list contains two items, you can drop one of the items each time. So the output should be a list comprising two inner lists that you have created by decreasing the items.
['9', '1', 'm', '6']
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[['9', '1', 'm'], ['9', '1', '6'], ['9', 'm', '6'], ['1', 'm', '6']]
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task1445_closest_integers
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task1445-34df0426f1b549bf8ca81be14ac02f4b
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In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should find the minimum absolute difference between 2 integers in the list. The absolute difference is the absolute value of one integer subtracted by another. The output should be a single integer which is the smallest possible absolute distance.
[-53, 15, -31, 45, 77, -73]
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20
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task087_new_operator_addsub_arithmetic
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task087-8afea2c7cf404f18a39150c5f23c7aa2
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In this task you will be given an arithmetic operation and you have to find its answer. The operators '+' and '-' have been replaced with new symbols. Specifically, '+' has been replaced with the symbol '@' and '-' with the symbol '#'. You need to perform the operations in the given equation return the answer
4396 @ 4108 # 964 # 5997 # 468 # 2463 @ 6103 # 5366 # 6369
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-7020
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task1312_amazonreview_polarity_classification
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task1312-c8a0794fcd724f00a05d0a2c117999b3
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In this task, You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review.
The gears strip too easily. Our first unit stripped after less than 1 minute of play, literally. We decided to replace it, and at least the second unit lasted about two weeks before its gears stripped too. Now we’re returning it (the replacement) for a full refund. UPDATE: about 14 months later (May 2019), we decided to risk getting a *third* one of these. Its gear stripped within 1 week of play. With one bad car, maybe we got a lemon. Two bad cars is very unlikely, but still possible. Three is astronomically unlikely. There is a manufacturing defect somewhere. We’ll be returning the third one and never buying another one of these again. The weird thing is that the other karts in this series (Mario, Bowser, Donkey Kong) don’t have this problem, or at least if they do it doesn’t appear right away (within the first two weeks). We know, because we’ve bought like 10+ of these over the last couple of years. (One of our dogs loves to play with them.) All three of the newer Yoshi models stripped their gears within two weeks, and none of the others did. Something is rotten in the Yoshi production line, something that weirdly doesn’t affect the other racers in the line.
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negative
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task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
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task405-9f0b7bd75dc94be39955de0fd671bf18
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You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning.
Misalliance is an ironic examination of the mating instincts of a varied group of people gathered at a wealthy man's country home on a summer weekend. Most of the romantic interest centers on the host's daughter, Hypatia Tarleton, a typical Shaw heroine who exemplifies his lifelong theory that in courtship, women are the relentless pursuers and men the apprehensively pursued.
Hypatia is the daughter of newly-wealthy John Tarleton who made his fortune in the unglamorous but lucrative underwear business. She is fed up with the stuffy conventions that surround her and with the hyperactive talk of the men in her life. Hypatia is engaged to Bentley Summerhays, an intellectually bright but physically and emotionally underdeveloped aristocrat.
Hypatia is restless with her engagement as the play starts, even as it is revealed she has also had a proposal of engagement from her betrothed's father, Lord Summerhays. She has no desire to be a nurse to the elderly and is in no hurry to be made a widow. She longs for some adventure to drop out of the sky, and it does ... an aircraft crashes through the roof of the conservatory to close the end of the first act.
At the beginning of Act II, it is revealed that the aircraft brings two unexpected guests. The pilot, Joey Percival, is a handsome young man who immediately arouses Hypatia's hunting instinct. The passenger, Lina Szczepanowska, is a female dare-devil of a circus acrobat whose vitality and directness inflame all the other men at the house-party.
An additional uninvited guest arrives in the form of Gunner. He is a cashier who is very unhappy with his lot in life. He blames the wealthy class in particular for the plight of the ordinary worker, and he blames John Tarleton in particular for a romantic dalliance that he once had with Gunner's mother. Gunner arrives with intent to kill Tarleton but hides inside a piece of furniture. From this position, he becomes wise to Hypatia's pursuit of Percival. His character comes to introduce the themes of socialism to the play, as well as serving to question the conventional views on marriage and social order.
All together there are eight marriage proposals offered for consideration in the course of one summer afternoon. The question of whether any one of these combinations of marriage might be an auspicious alliance, or a misalliance, prompts one of the prospective husbands to utter the famous Shavian speculation:
"If marriages were made by putting all the men's names into one sack and the women's names into another, and having them taken out by a blind-folded child like lottery numbers, there would be just as high a percentage of happy marriages as we have now."
Part of Shaw's premise is in the irony that men spend so much energy courting a woman who will be obedient and subservient to them, when what they really desire is a strong woman who will be their equal. Shaw's idea of such an "ideal woman", one present throughout his works, is embodied in this case by the character of Lina Szczhepanowska. She is a death-defying Polish acrobat who accompanies Percival on his flight and subsequently becomes the object of affection for Summerhays, Tarleton, Bentley and Johnny. The affirmation of her role as Shaw's archetypical ideal woman is her speech (the longest by far in the work) in which she rejects Johnny's offer of marriage in favor of retaining her independence...financially, intellectually and physically. She takes Bentley, who finds a shaky new courage, up into the air with her at the conclusion of the play.
|
Who is Hypatia's father?
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task162_count_words_starting_with_letter
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task162-14836c7d57014093aca80cbef896275a
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In this task, you need to count the number of words in a sentence that start with the given letter. Answer with numbers and not words.
Sentence: 'a white dog laying in an open suitcase'. How many words start with the letter 'i' in the sentence.
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1
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task523_find_if_numbers_or_alphabets_are_more_in_list
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task523-0f511ce89a5749d2b7606ee3d7be044d
|
In this task, you are given an input list A. If the count of numbers is more than that of alphabets in the list, answer 'Numbers Win'. If the count of alphabets is more than that of numbers in the list, answer 'Alphabets Win'. If the count of numbers is same as that of alphabets in the list, answer 'Numbers and Alphabets are Tied'.
['W', '793', '5601', '7295', 'I', 'k', 'D', 'C', 'R', '7381', 'd', '5237', '265', 'i', '4877', '8113', 'y', '241', '9449', '3349', 'D', '233', '4267', '8975', 'o', '2555', 'E', '7839', 'S', 'S', 'M', 'L', 'Y', 'n', '1391', 'g', 'R', 'W', '2467', 'M', 'e', '5793', 'Z']
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Alphabets Win
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task1217_atomic_answer_generation
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task1217-89cc00c156a64a5089030db6e93802be
|
In this task, you are given a sentence with a missing word that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. Fill in the blank with a plausible word. Although each sentence has many correct answers, you only have to write one answer.
PersonX wears ___ every day
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Panties
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task378_reverse_words_of_given_length
|
task378-0b4e9e0290df4a6a9cb11adf9c742f28
|
In this task, you need to reverse all words of a given length in the sentence. The number of letters in a word determine its length. For example, the length of the word "apple" is 5.
Sentence: 'a black and white bathroom has a shower curtain with fish'. Reverse all words of length '6' in the given sentence.
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a black and white bathroom has a rewohs curtain with fish
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task103_facts2story_long_text_generation
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task103-a84854e19ed643d5b31e32c1ecd295e5
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In this task, five ordered key facts are given. All the given facts are expressed in natural language. Your job is to generate a story 100 to 1000 words long, that includes all the facts given as input in their order of appearance while expanding upon them to produce a broader, yet coherent, narrative.
Fact1: woman named Mary returns in small town, Fact2: friend of Kenny 's works for Lentz, Fact3: Veech chose not to return, Fact4: Mary manages to foil Veech 's plans, Fact5: Gitlo had suffered while making his and Gitlo 's escape arm
|
Away for two years, a woman named Mary Ava Gardner returns to her home in a small town a whistle stop. She attempts to reconcile with Kenny Veech George Raft, her former romantic interest, but he is jealous and bitter, particularly after she takes up with Veechs mortal enemy, nightclub owner Lew Lentz Tom Conway. Gitlo Victor McLaglen, a friend of Kennys who works for Lentz, talks him into a scheme to rob and kill Lentz at a train station as he leaves for Detroit, then hide his corpse to make Mary believe he chose not to return. Mary manages to foil Veechs plans, but she remains torn between the two men. Seeking vengeance, Lentz tries to pin a murder on Veech and Gitlo, who barely make a getaway. Gitlo and Lentz end up killing one another, and Mary finds Veech recovering from a gunshot wound to the arm he had suffered while making his and Gitlos escape. The movie ends with them arminarm, walking away to live happily ever after.
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task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
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task303-687023029e814aeebd5d3296f6ae7ed3
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In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer.
(CNN) Whatever else that can be said about Chuck Berry's "Maybellene" when it shot out of America's radios like a Redstone rocket in the bright late summer of 1955, one hard, true thing remains clear after those 62 years: Nothing like it ever existed before. Here's why: There was no category that could safely contain it. It charted No. 1 on the rhythm and blues charts, which was where most black recording artists such as Berry could be found. But its beat and its sensibility were just as deeply rooted in the predominantly white traditions of country blues and western swing.Gene Seymour: Chuck Berry's influence can be heard in every guitarist who came afterBerry remained an American original to the very end, Seymour writes
Question:I'm betting he did more than that because _ in person was, well into senior citizenship, as compelling and galvanic as Berry on record.
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Maybellene
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task413_mickey_en_sentence_perturbation_generation
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task413-dce0f66773134094ac30d2e73d730fef
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Given a sentence, generate a new sentence by performing small changes on the sentence. Here, make sure that the changes are semantically related and syntactically similar to the input. And the generated sentence should have high commonsense plausibility, that is to have reasonable probability of it being true.
Gas is used to purchase tickets and food .
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Money is used to purchase tickets and audio .
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task581_socialiqa_question_generation
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task581-ab9c3a9edbb3460e9e86af48270a9cb5
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In this task, you're given context and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for this answer based on the given context with commonsense reasoning about social situations..
Context: Marcy and Ash spent time together before he moved to CA.
Answer: find a new home in CA
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What does Ash need to do before this?
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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task593-b226dc6ef2f84c8e9a66763c62bc097b
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Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question.
Question: What kind of gland produces an oily substance that waterproofs the hair and skin? Answer: sebaceous gland
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oily substance produced in the dermis by a sebaceous gland that waterproofs the hair and skin.
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task183_rhyme_generation
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task183-0b77b82aa76c409182ebfceb263231c3
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Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No"
lot
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plot
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task132_dais_text_modification
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task132-e6a8da82341149dca6e0a90352354f13
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Languages typically provide more than one grammatical construction to express certain types of messages. Your task is to generate a senetence with the same meaning as given sentence, but with different grammatical construction.
Linda told a woman the news
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Linda told the news to a woman
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task367_synthetic_remove_floats
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task367-067cae307425420ead26539f23e36e6b
|
In this task you will be given a list of numbers. You should remove any number that is not an integer (whole number). If every number is not an whole number then an empty list ("[]") should be returned. Otherwise, answer with the list of whole numbers separated by comma inside brackets.
[-73, 71]
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[-73, 71]
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task1291_multi_news_summarization
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task1291-b5f223574ddf4688805add5327d13b9a
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In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Starting in 1996, Alexa Internet has been donating their crawl data to the Internet Archive. Flowing in every day, these data are added to the Wayback Machine after an embargo period. ||||| Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid Date(UT) Miss Distance Velocity (km/s) Diameter (m)
2019 AT6 2019-Jan-15 8.1 LD 5.1 10
2019 AM8 2019-Jan-15 8.6 LD 10.9 15
2019 AG7 2019-Jan-15 3.9 LD 6.8 29
2019 BO 2019-Jan-16 0.2 LD 8.1 9
2019 AU9 2019-Jan-16 7.7 LD 5.1 15
2019 AM10 2019-Jan-16 17.5 LD 3.6 35
2019 AR8 2019-Jan-16 9.7 LD 8.9 27
2019 AC3 2019-Jan-17 10.7 LD 4.4 12
2019 AB5 2019-Jan-19 7.5 LD 6.6 28
2019 AZ8 2019-Jan-20 13.7 LD 10 25
2019 AO8 2019-Jan-20 10.4 LD 11.3 27
2019 AX8 2019-Jan-22 18.1 LD 16.2 38
2019 AS11 2019-Jan-23 7 LD 4.3 16
2019 AH13 2019-Jan-23 19 LD 2.4 22
2019 AJ13 2019-Jan-25 7.6 LD 6 8
2019 AN12 2019-Jan-25 9.2 LD 20.3 29
2019 AG11 2019-Jan-25 8.6 LD 7.5 20
2019 AA10 2019-Jan-26 5.7 LD 10.2 28
2019 AP11 2019-Jan-28 10.2 LD 7.7 31
2019 AN11 2019-Jan-29 12.7 LD 8.1 31
2013 CW32 2019-Jan-29 13.9 LD 16.4 148
2019 AV2 2019-Feb-01 17.6 LD 13 204
2013 RV9 2019-Feb-06 17.9 LD 5.9 68
2017 PV25 2019-Feb-12 7.3 LD 6.1 43
455176 2019-Feb-20 19.2 LD 26.5 269
2016 CO246 2019-Feb-22 15.8 LD 5.5 23
2018 DE1 2019-Feb-27 19.8 LD 6.5 28
2016 FU12 2019-Feb-27 15.4 LD 5.2 15
2015 EG 2019-Mar-04 1.2 LD 9.6 26
2013 EG68 2019-Mar-13 19.3 LD 17 37
2012 VZ19 2019-Mar-13 7.7 LD 8 27
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere
SOMETHING NEW! We have developed a new predictive model of aviation radiation. It's called E-RAD--short for Empirical RADiation model. We are constantly flying radiation sensors onboard airplanes over the US and and around the world, so far collecting more than 22,000 gps-tagged radiation measurements. Using this unique dataset, we can predict the dosage on any flight over the USA with an error no worse than 15%.
E-RAD lets us do something new: Every day we monitor approximately 1400 flights criss-crossing the 10 busiest routes in the continental USA. Typically, this includes more than 80,000 passengers per day. E-RAD calculates the radiation exposure for every single flight.
The Hot Flights Table is a daily summary of these calculations. It shows the 5 charter flights with the highest dose rates; the 5 commercial flights with the highest dose rates; 5 commercial flights with near-average dose rates; and the 5 commercial flights with the lowest dose rates. Passengers typically experience dose rates that are 20 to 70 times higher than natural radiation at sea level.
To measure radiation on airplanes, we use the same sensors we fly to the stratosphere onboard Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray balloons: neutron bubble chambers and X-ray/gamma-ray Geiger tubes sensitive to energies between 10 keV and 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Column definitions: (1) The flight number; (2) The maximum dose rate during the flight, expressed in units of natural radiation at sea level; (3) The maximum altitude of the plane in feet above sea level; (4) Departure city; (5) Arrival city; (6) Duration of the flight.
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Approximately once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with radiation sensors that detect cosmic rays, a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. Cosmic rays can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. Furthermore, there are studies ( #1, #2, #3, #4) linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in the general population. Our latest measurements show that cosmic rays are intensifying, with an increase of more than 18% since 2015:
The data points in the graph above correspond to the peak of the Reneger-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Reneger and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes:
In this plot, dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x.
The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Why are cosmic rays intensifying? The main reason is the sun. Solar storm clouds such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays when they pass by Earth. During Solar Maximum, CMEs are abundant and cosmic rays are held at bay. Now, however, the solar cycle is swinging toward Solar Minimum, allowing cosmic rays to return. Another reason could be the weakening of Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect us from deep-space radiation.
Essential web links
The official U.S. government space weather bureau
The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
from the NOAA Space Environment Center
fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
from the NOAA Space Environment Center
the underlying science of space weather
Look no further to find the best Comox Valley Real Estate listings and homes for sale
Search Kelowna Real Estate Listings & Homes for Sale easily.
Find help on all Calgary Homes For Sale and Real Estate Listings. Great source for Edmonton Real Estate Listings & Homes For Sale
If you are a Youtuber and want to buy real Youtube views than try out Buyrealsocial.com for the best results possible!
To find reviews of new online casino sites in the UK try The Casino DB where there are hundreds of online casino reviews complete with bonuses and ratings. Looking for a new online casino? Try Casimpo the new site dedicated to making online casino simple and easy for all. ||||| Step outside this summer to try to see strange, blue noctilucent clouds in the upper latitudes.
Earth's polar skies have shined with eerie blue-white glowing clouds slowly twisting and undulating in the twilight sky every summer since the late 19th century.
These mystifying clouds are referred to as night-shining or noctilucent clouds. Such clouds form in an upper layer of the Earth’s atmosphere called the mesosphere during the summer and can be seen from the high latitudes on Earth.
If skywatchers want to possibly see noctilucent clouds, four criteria must be met: The sky must be free of tropospheric ("ordinary") clouds. The region of the atmosphere where they form must be sunlit. This means that the sun must be no more than 16 degrees below the horizon. The background sky must be adequately dark enough for the clouds to stand out. This final requirement means that the sun must be at least 6 degrees below the horizon, what astronomers refer to as the end of civil twilight. Your viewing location should be at a latitude north of 45 degrees, although as you will soon see the clouds have been sighted at more southerly latitudes in recent years. [Noctilucent clouds got an early start in 2013 (Video)]
This table shows possible sighting periods for noctilucent clouds in certain areas of the world. The fourth column represents the number of minutes after sunset skywatchers should start looking for the clouds. Credit: Joe Rao/Space.com
A series of massive eruptions from the Krakatoa volcano in late August 1883 may have serendipitously helped to draw attention to the phenomenon of noctilucent clouds. Dust and ash injected high into the atmosphere from the Indonesian volcano caused spectacular and colorful sunsets worldwide for several years.
On the evening of June 8, 1885, T. W. Backhouse was admiring one such beautiful sunset from Kissingen, Germany, when he noticed something rather strange: as darkness deepened and the ruddy glows faded, he noticed wispy bluish-white filaments seemingly glowing in the north and northwest sky. At that time, scientists dismissed this effect as some curious manifestation caused by the volcanic ash. But after a few more years, the ash settled and the vivid sunsets induced by Krakatoa faded.
And yet the noctilucent clouds persisted.
There is some debate suggesting that Backhouse was not the first to describe the clouds, since in a report dated from 1854, Thomas Romney Robinson, in Armagh, Ireland, communicated his personal observation of the "phosphorescent properties of ordinary clouds." So it might be that Robinson was making a reference to noctilucent clouds 31 years before Backhouse.
Noctilucent clouds can form only under very restrictive conditions. They are the highest clouds in the atmosphere, located in the mesosphere at altitudes of between 47 to 53 miles (76 to 85 kilometers). They are normally too faint to be seen, and are visible only when illuminated by sunlight from below the horizon while the lower layers of the atmosphere are in the Earth's shadow. [Earth's Atmosphere Top to Bottom]
Ice crystals in clouds need two things to grow: water molecules and something for those molecules to stick to — dust, for example. Water gathering on dust to form droplets or ice crystals is a process called nucleation. It happens all the time in ordinary clouds, which generally appear at altitudes of up to about 9.5 miles (15 km) and get their dust from sources like desert wind storms.
But it's all but impossible to push wind-blown dust all the way up into the mesosphere. So scientists speculate that the dust associated with noctilucent clouds could originate from outer space. Every day, Earth encounters millions of meteoroids, which have been shed by comets. While some of this material rams into our atmosphere in a flash to produce the effect of a shooting star, other tiny particles remain aloft. As for the source of the water vapor necessary to produce clouds at such extreme altitudes, upwelling winds during the summer are capable of carrying water droplets from the moist lower atmosphere toward the mesosphere.
That's why noctilucent clouds only appear during the warm summer months. The clouds consist of tiny ice crystals about the size of particles in cigarette smoke.
While reports of noctilucent clouds from Europe and Russia date back to the late 19th century, the first observation from North America did not come until 1933, probably because most were not specifically looking for them, or if they did see them, they didn't realize what they were seeing.
Observers have been able to draw some interesting conclusions from observing the clouds over the past 75 years in North America. The earliest and latest sightings are, on average, April 1 and Sept. 28, respectively. Peak activity comes around July 20, about one month after the summer solstice.
Ninety-two percent of the displays are observed during June, July and August and 82 percent are observed after the summer solstice. Before the solstice the clouds tend to be faint and cover small areas of the sky, whereas after the solstice they are usually brighter and more extensive.
In general, it would seem that the best times to look for them are during July and August.
As to what you're looking for: gossamer, electric-blue clouds, resembling luminous tendrils, spreading across the northern to northwestern sky and slowly twisting and rippling in the twilight.
Over the last few decades, noctilucent clouds seem to have been increasing in frequency, brightness and extent. A century ago, for instance, the clouds were confined to latitudes above 50-degrees north. Observers would have to go to places like the United Kingdom, Scandinavia and Russia to see them. But in recent years, they've been glimpsed as far south as Colorado, Utah and Virginia.
It is theorized that this increase is connected to climate change.
"Extreme cold is required to form ice in a dry environment like the mesosphere," said Gary Thomas, a professor at the University of Colorado.
Surprisingly, global warming helps. While greenhouse gases warm Earth's surface, they actually lowertemperatures in the high levels of our atmosphere.
Satellites have helped scientists study these clouds. In September 2009, the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the United States Department of Defense Space Test Program (STP) conducted the Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE) using exhaust particles from a Black Brant XII suborbital sounding rocket launched from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility to create an artificial noctilucent cloud. The rocket's exhaust plume was widely observed and reported from New Jersey to Massachusetts.
Other evidence indicates that at least some noctilucent clouds resulted from freezing water exhaust from NASA's retired space shuttle fleet. In fact, the clouds were observed and photographed by astronauts from orbiting spacecraft.
Editor's Note: If you have an amazing night sky photo you'd like to share for a possible story or image gallery, please contact managing editor Tariq Malik at spacephotos@space.com.
Joe Rao serves as an instructor and guest lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium. He writes about astronomy for Natural History magazine, the Farmer's Almanac and other publications, and he is also an on-camera meteorologist for News 12 Westchester, N.Y. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com. ||||| Sky watchers in the northern hemisphere prepare: the 2015 noctilucent cloud season has begun. These beautiful, rare and mysterious clouds only appear between late-May and late-August at latitudes of 40–80 degrees North.
They are generally unpredictable but can be seen on clear summer evenings, soon after the sun has set. Composed of ice crystals, the noctilucent clouds shine as electric blue filigrees in the sky, making them a favourite for observers and photographers alike.
The first clouds of the season were spotted by NASA’s AIM satellite on 19 May, meaning that the season has started somewhat earlier than expected. Speaking to spaceweather.com, James Russell of Hampton University, principal investigator for the AIM mission said, “It is always good to see the beginning of another season. What surprises will it bring? We will see. The clouds have never disappointed us.”
They are the highest clouds of all. Whereas typical rain clouds form about two kilometres above the ground and the so-called “high altitude” cirrus clouds form around six kilometres, noctilucent clouds hover about 80 kilometres above the ground. This is the very edge of space. The mystery is whether they are a recent phenomenon.
The first recorded sighting did not happen until 1885, just two years after the mighty eruption of Krakatoa. One evening in July that year, Englishman Robert Leslie of Southampton saw that “a sea of luminous silvery white cloud lay above a belt of ordinary clear twilight sky.” His observations were published in the journal Nature and study of noctilucent clouds began.
It is unknown whether the clouds were triggered by the dust from the volcano, or weather the spectacular sunsets caused by the eruption made more people look upwards. Either way, all clouds form when water condenses around a ‘seed’. In the case of the noctilucent clouds, the seeds can be volcanic dust blown high into the atmosphere or meteor dust falling down from space. Then, just add water and let nature take its course. This is where the connection to climate change may come in.
Computer models predict that as the lower levels of the atmosphere grow warmer because of the accumulation of greenhouse gases, the upper atmosphere gets cooler. This makes the conditions necessary for the formation of noctilucent clouds more likely, which is one reason NASA launched the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite in 2007 to study the mysterious apparitions.
This year’s northern clouds will be particularly fascinating because their southern counterparts have just exhibited a big change in behaviour. The southern season came to a close in February and comparing the frequency of the clouds over the last eight years showed that there was a big dip in the second half of the season this time around.
This speaks of changes in the conditions of the upper atmosphere but no one knows quite what those changes mean or whether the northern hemisphere will follow suit. Scientists are eager to see.
So keep an eye open in the coming months for these beautiful nocturnal heralds. They may be telling us more about our planet than we originally thought.
I’d love to see your photographs of noctilucent clouds: if you send them to stuart.clark.freelance@guardian.co.uk and let me know when and where you took the picture, plus your name I’ll publish a selection of the best in an online gallery.
Stuart Clark is the author of The Unknown Universe (Head of Zeus). Find him on Twitter. |||||
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Like scientific mysteries? Then consider the electric-blue clouds that are becoming more common and appearing in unexpected parts of the world, the San Francisco Chronicle reports. Called "noctilucent clouds" or "night-shining clouds," they were first reported above polar regions in 1885 and have appeared every summer since, noted Space.com last year. They could be seen in northerly regions like Russia, Scandinavia, and Britain, but have recently appeared as far south as Virginia, Utah, and Colorado, prompting media outlets to revisit an old question of whether noctilucent clouds are caused by global warming. What's the connection? Well, noctilucent clouds—the "highest clouds of all," per the Guardian—form some 50 miles above ground in the Earth's upper atmosphere, or mesosphere, where conditions aren't always suitable to cloud formation. Enter greenhouse gases, which scientists say warm the atmosphere but actually cool the mesosphere and therefore make noctilucent clouds more likely, the Guardian reports. That's because clouds are formed partly by ice crystals, and "extreme cold is required to form ice in a dry environment like the mesosphere," a professor told NASA years ago. Tony Phillips, who tracks clouds for SpaceWeather.com, says "the jury is still out" on the global-warming connection, but notes that the greenhouse gas methane "favor[s] the formation of NLCs at very high altitudes" by producing water that helps form the clouds. An interesting side note: Clouds' water molecules need something to stick to, like dust from Earth's sand storms, but NLCs are so high up that they may be gathering dust from meteorites. (Meanwhile, last month was the hottest recorded in 135 years.)
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task325_jigsaw_classification_identity_attack
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task325-07392c63e775423ab9a998b903f67da3
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In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: identity-attack and non-identity-attack. Identity attack refers to anything rude or disrespectful about someone's identity, including appearance, race, gender, and sexual orientation.
Comment: No Mexicans are rapists and drug dealers?
Tell that to the thousands of women raped trying to cross the border, or to the infamous drug cartels that control large swaths of Mexico.
Words matter, precisely. And Trump never said that *all* Mexicans are rapists and drug dealers.
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Identity-attack
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task066_timetravel_binary_consistency_classification
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task066-0159f868a79944c7bf6efb33f27a3bc8
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In this task, you are given a short story consisting of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. You are given a candidate for the second sentence and you need to identify if the given sentence connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Indicate your answer by "Yes" if it connects, otherwise "No". Do not generate anything else apart from "Yes" or "No". The given sentence is incorrect if it changes the subsequent storyline, so that at least one of the three subsequent sentences form a consistent story.
Sentence 1: I had to get a new phone because I had dropped mine.
Sentence 3: I took it to the store and they replaced it for me
Sentence 4: It didn't cost too much
Sentence 5: When I got home, I dropped the new phone and it broke, too
Given Sentence 2: She begged her parents for it as a gift.
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No
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task372_synthetic_palindrome_numbers
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task372-de13d7c7c6dc4cf1803405bd71e9c7d9
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In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should only return an integer if the first digit is the same as the last digit in the number. If an integer has a single digit, then it should be returned. If there are no integers that start and end with the same digit then an empty list ("[]") should be returned.
[817, -755, -805, -185, 32, 952, 828, -79, -644, 526, -615, 550, -666, -422, 40, 969, -111, -647, 831, -667]
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[828, -666, 969, -111]
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