task_name
stringclasses
645 values
id
stringlengths
40
41
source
stringlengths
62
335k
target
stringlengths
0
13.8k
task469_mrqa_answer_generation
task469-dda9523dea8b411db20e1db27a9c0c9c
Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage. Context: Nelson Goncalves died of a heart attack at the age of 79. Question: What was Nelson Goncalves cause of death?
heart attack
task306_jeopardy_answer_generation_double
task306-e7474c05a8ab4c7c957c5aa0f4512651
You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters. Category: OPERA Clue: Minnie runs a saloon in a California mining camp in this Italian composer's opera "The Girl of the Golden West"
giacomo puccini
task183_rhyme_generation
task183-42848ab27f3b48a2b0f1ef59fcb4e283
Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No" sky
spry
task088_identify_typo_verification
task088-c188d196cee44894b0dc71abc707528d
The given sentence contains a typo which could be one of the following four types: (1) swapped letters of a word e.g. 'niec' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (2) missing letter in a word e.g. 'nic' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (3) extra letter in a word e.g. 'nicce' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (4) replaced letter in a word e.g 'nicr' is a typo of the word 'nice'. You need to identify the typo in the given sentence. To do this, answer with the word containing the typo. A man's habnds working on a laptop computer with a television screen in the background.
habnds
task756_find_longert_substring_and_return_all_unique_alphabets_in_it
task756-05696053c5524405ac05d7b67706c3cd
In this task, you are given two strings A,B. Find the longer of the two lists, convert it to lowercase, and return all the unique alphabets used in it. The two input strings are never equal. uqwAkQc, qWwAuT
a, c, k, q, u, w
task507_position_of_all_numerical_elements_in_list
task507-451f3cec1c3e44bda9eb30b2a4bc79d2
In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the position of all the numerical elements in the given list in order. Assume the position of the 1st element to be 1. Return -1 if no numerical element is in the list. ['r', 'l', 'w', '9209', '7113', 'U', '8505', 'L', 'l', 'j', 'F', 'z', '4985', 'l', 'C', '8401', 'L', 'h', '3613', '6101', '2943', '3421', '4947', '5419', 'M', 'L', '3317', 'w', '3513', 'Q', '6965', 'R', 'm', 'd', 'z', 'b', '1143', 'b', 'T', '5133']
4, 5, 7, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 37, 40
task843_financial_phrasebank_classification
task843-105b1d52819847aa8520ee1619ba3fee
Classify the given a piece of financial news into three classes: positive, negative, and neutral. Output must be 'positive', 'negative', or 'neutral'. Nokia Messaging 1.1 enables customers to receive e-mails from up to 10 e-mail accounts on their mobile phone supporting all POP or IMAP e-mail services .
neutral
task692_mmmlu_answer_generation_computer_security
task692-00bc9141a18b4e41853b68643a521db6
You are given a question on computer security. You are also given 4 answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"), out of which only one is correct. You need to answer the question by selecting the correct option. You should only answer with the choice letter, not the whole answer. Which of the following is not a block cipher operating mode? (A)ECB (B)CFB (C)CBF (D)CBC
C
task1339_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_text_completion
task1339-4d2b40151dcc471095d67f66d8d90df1
The input is a sentence with a missed word and an emotion. Your task is to fill in the blank with a word that matches the emotion and rewrite the completed sentence. The emotion is one of ['fear', 'joy', 'anger', 'sadness']. SENTENCE: Tia made me feel <blank>. EMOTION: fear
Tia made me feel discouraged.
task1602_webquestion_question_genreation
task1602-f975973abd904c9da1f52f7b25df41b9
You are given a concept, and a list of answers. You should generate a question about the concept that leads to the given answer(s). concept: Denmark answers: ['Danish Language']
what language do they denmark?
task649_race_blank_question_generation
task649-72cb422b8f2242dd8dd6d1729c7c0dc4
In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the fill-in-the-blank question for this answer based on the given article. The blanks are always at the end of the question, and can be filled with more than one word or phrase. Article: The Goldman Environmental Foundation recently recognized a group of individuals for their efforts to protect the environment. Each year, the American-based group honors environmental activists from six different areas. The first three winners of the 2012 Goldman Prize are from Kenya, the Philippines and China. The Goldman Environmental Foundation says Ikal Angelei is a hero to those who live around Lake Turkana. The Kenyan woman received the award because of her efforts to stop a dam project on a river in Ethiopia. Critics say the dam will harm the lake and restrict the flow of water for people who live nearby. The Philippine island of Mindoro is home to those who depend on the area's natural resources for food and jobs. Edwin Gariguez became concerned when a European company announced plans to mine for nickel on the island. The Roman Catholic minister said waste materials from the mining project would pollute the water and destroy the forests. So he started a campaign to stop the project. In China, Ma June is working with businesses to clean up their pollution. He formed a group that collects information about pollution, and publishes it on the Internet. The Goldman Prize was also awarded to activists from Argentina, Russia and the United States. Sofia Gatica of Argentina is from a town where farmers commonly use pesticide products to protect soybean crops from insects. The town also has a high rate of cancer. Miz Gatica believed that pesticide use was responsible for the death of her baby. She worked with other mothers to get government officials to ban the use of chemicals near populated areas. Evgenia Chirikova objects to the plans to build a road through a protected forest just outside Moscow. She has demanded that Russian officials redirect the road away from the forest. She and her followers have been arrested for their activities. However, their campaign has gained widespread public support. The sixth winner is American Caroline Cannon -- a community leader in Point Hope, Alaska. Miz Cannon is fighting to keep Arctic waters safe from oil and gas exploration. Answer: Ma June is trying to stop oil and gas exploration
We can know from the passage that _ .
task1217_atomic_answer_generation
task1217-9ddd7d8aa3fa4b86b8c7f47cfa4c1d2f
In this task, you are given a sentence with a missing word that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. Fill in the blank with a plausible word. Although each sentence has many correct answers, you only have to write one answer. PersonX places ___ back
dishes
task516_senteval_conjoints_inversion
task516-0b61d9563e954235a138ec1cc7f5e20c
In this task you are given a sentence with one coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so). You must judge whether the order of two coordinated clausal conjoints have been inverted or not. Inversion would result in the sentence sounding unnatural. Label the instances as "Original" or "Inversion" based on your judgment. Anger gave me all of the determination I needed , but Guilt did me no good right now .
Inversion
task592_sciq_incorrect_answer_generation
task592-a5778de144eb467abe8f5e1b79571e02
Given a scientific question, generate an incorrect answer to the given question. The incorrect answer should be a plausible alternative to the correct answer. The answer should be some other item belonging to the same category as the correct answer but should be incorrect. What occurs when some substances change chemically to other substances?
spontaneous mutation
task323_jigsaw_classification_sexually_explicit
task323-9d67ddd6ee1148fc9b2f0e9fc8506cad
In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: sexual-explicit and non-sexual-explicit. A comment is considered sexual-explicit if it explicitly portrays sexual matters. Comment: All these left wing Bishops together, is going to lead to more fornication and sacrilegious communions.and Spadaros orgy parties.
Sexual-explicit
task455_swag_context_generation
task455-7926f9f295354884b76c4faf78e88d58
Given a sentence, generate a most likely context or previous statement. The previous statement should be relevant to the given statement. Someone looks closely at someone.
He held up his hands as they become webbed.
task183_rhyme_generation
task183-cc750c39fcb341da95dd85ae64b1ab8f
Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No" fit
savitt
task066_timetravel_binary_consistency_classification
task066-1fbb0ff84ffd40afb39bc38097d495c7
In this task, you are given a short story consisting of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. You are given a candidate for the second sentence and you need to identify if the given sentence connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Indicate your answer by "Yes" if it connects, otherwise "No". Do not generate anything else apart from "Yes" or "No". The given sentence is incorrect if it changes the subsequent storyline, so that at least one of the three subsequent sentences form a consistent story. Sentence 1: Ronnie was hanging out with his friends after school. Sentence 3: Ronnie realized that he had used all of his allowance already Sentence 4: Ronnie decided to steal a candy bar from the store Sentence 5: Ronnie got caught by the cashier and he got in big trouble afterwards Given Sentence 2: They all decided to go to 7-11 to buy some snacks.
Yes
task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
task303-d1562abed1b345febf901b1d64c6d162
In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. It's been a brutal winter for many people across the East Coast of the United States with non-stop snow storms. But now forecasters are warning that Southerners could get a new cold front heading across the country which could leave a bit of everything in its wake - including snow, flooding, ice and mudslides. Temperatures will soon drop 20 degrees or more throughout the country, according to data from The National Weather Service. Scroll down for video Forecasters are warning that a new cold front is heading across the country, which could include snow, flooding, ice and mudslides. Snow falls near the entrance of Noble Park in Paducah, KentuckyThe National Weather Service said temperatures will soon drop 20 degreesWintry weather will extend 2000 miles from New Mexico to MassachusettsIce could cause power outages in Arkansas, Mississippi and TennesseeWestern Kentucky, northern Tennessee and Pennsylvania might get rain Question:_ is quickly blanketing the region as the two boys throw snowballs at each other, getting some good shots in.
Mississippi
task1729_personachat_generate_next
task1729-ba8c0aba0b3441f080a2238286a222e5
Your task is to generate the next utterance in a given dialogue. You will be given a few sentences describing the personality of the person who is making the dialogue, and a history of the dialogue after that. Each line in the history is said by one of the two participants in the conversation. Personality: I just got my rejection letter from the gifted program. I like to play soccer. And, my best friend is calden. I am seven years old. Chat history: -Hi! how are you? -I'm good. How about Oyu. -Great! Are you married? Any kids? -Nah not married. I am only seven. -Ha my sons age! What do you like doing outside of school?
I love playing sports like soccer.
task390_torque_text_span_selection
task390-c2170c4e189346ba9f89f26880083cce
In this task, you will be given a passage, a question and a list of single-word events identified from the passage. The goal is to point out all events from the given event list that can answer the question. If a question is unanswerable or none of the events answer the question, output should be empty. Passage: It is the fist telescope in China specialized in NEO observation and one of only six, one-meter NEO observation telescopes in the world, said Yang Jiexing, a researcher with the observatory. Near-earth objects are comets and asteroids that have been nudged by the gravitational pull and may collide with earth. Question: What might happen before comets and asteroids are nudged by the gravitational pull? Events: ['is', 'said', 'are', 'nudged', 'collide']
task267_concatenate_and_reverse_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
task267-f44382316a3d479bba3c53b1e38d86b0
In this task, you are given inputs 'i', 'j', and A, where 'i' and 'j' are integers and A is a list. A list is shown by two brackets and comma-separated numbers and characters inside, like ['1', '12', 'l']. You need to concatenate all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, and then reverse the resulting string. 'i' and 'j' will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. 'i' will always be less than 'j'. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not reverse first and then concatenate. 4, 7, ['q', '9037', 'E', 'Z', '3015', '8583', 'T', 'f', 'w', '3185', 'w', '6061']
T38585103Z
task301_record_question_generation
task301-2da7e9372a4e413ca2128da3fff56622
In this task, you will be shown a passage. You need to write a fill-in-the-gap question based on your understanding of the events that might be inferred from the passage. Your question should be answerable based on the passage and only have one correct answer. Show the gap in your question with a _ . (CNN) -- In June, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, the man behind the proposed ground zero mosque, was asked on live radio if he believed Hamas is a terrorist organization. This isn't a difficult question: Hamas employs suicide bombers and fires incendiary rockets at civilian targets within Israel. It calls for the destruction of the Jewish state followed by the establishment of a potentially fundamentalist and repressive regime. Governments all over the world, including the United States and the European Union, rightfully consider Hamas to be a terrorist organization that willfully and indiscriminately targets innocent civilians. Yet Imam Rauf, after being asked this simple, straightforward question, refused to state whether or not he believed Hamas to be a terrorist organization. He said: "I will not allow anybody to put me in a position where I am seen by any party in the world as an adversary or as an enemy."Rick Lazio says the Imam behind the planned Islamic Center refused to call Hamas terroristLazio: Other associations also make him wary of center's funding sourcesHe says New Yorkers have a right to know where money is coming from to feel safeLazio: The state attorney general should request Cordoba Initiative open its books
The _ has reported less than $20,000 in assets.
task284_imdb_classification
task284-28f57a2823634ade99e9193eed5da2f8
In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content. The movie was much better than the other reviewer stated. It's a nice family movie. It has a fun fantasy aspect of some time travel. The story revolves around a 14 year old girl who accidentally finds a way to travel back in time in the old elevator of her apartment building. Of course, no one believes her when she tries to explain her disappearances. She finds and makes friends with a girl about her age and is able to help the girl's family in many ways. She is also able to help her own relationship with her father in the long run. It reminds me of a Hallmark movie so give it a chance and decide for yourself. It seemed to be aimed more towards children about 6-12 years (maybe a bit older) and it's pretty much PG or G rated. I'm an adult who can appreciate a nice "family" movie - I guess the other reviewer isn't.
positive
task1291_multi_news_summarization
task1291-ffa8e1e2e7874f6bbf14dbc9c49c3d4e
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them. "Insurance coverage and immigration status can frustrate the efforts of providers to give evidence-based medical care." (Getty Images) With a smile on his face as he leaned toward the speakerphone, Jorge* said, "One friend of mine, he offered me a kidney if everything matches up. What would I need to do to find out if that will work?" My mind spun, trying to figure out what to say, as the translator relayed his message through a crackling phone connection. How do I tell a young man that he likely can't access the standard treatment for his end stage kidney disease? Jorge lives in the District of Columbia and is among thousands of immigrants in the U.S. with kidney failure. For these patients, finding medical care for kidney failure is difficult. Undocumented immigrants are not included in national data about renal disease and dialysis, so accurate numbers are not available, but one 2015 study estimated 6,500 patients in the same situation as Jorge. The recommended treatment for end state renal disease is dialysis several times a week to filter blood and replace the function of kidneys until the patient can ideally get a transplant. As a nurse, I'm used to caring for people. I help my patients secure needed treatment and reduce barriers they may face. But as I explored how to solve this problem for Jorge, I realized the hard reality that there may not be a solution. The type of care available for immigrants with kidney failure who are not eligible for Medicaid varies by state in the U.S. In all states, hospitals provide medical care for any patient with a medical emergency, regardless of immigration status. A patient with untreated kidney failure would regularly build up so much fluid that their body swells and they have difficulty breathing. At that stage, only emergency dialysis administered in a hospital can stabilize them. These life-or-death emergencies are eligible for Medicaid reimbursement. A study in Houston, Texas, found that it was 3.7 times more expensive for the city per year to provide emergency dialysis versus regular outpatient dialysis. Some states recognized that treating these patients who have kidney failure every few weeks in the hospital was financially inefficient and terrible for patients. Those states have chosen to cover outpatient dialysis to reduce the burden of frequent hospitalizations for these patients with kidney failure. Fortunately, the District of Columbia covers outpatient dialysis, and Jorge receives treatments three times a week. These treatments are the reason that Jorge is alive more than three years after he was diagnosed with kidney failure. But the burden of treatment is heavy. Jorge is in his 30s and wants to be productive and work. He can't hold a full-time job and go to all his dialysis sessions. Each one is four hours, and he often feels dizzy and has symptoms of fluid buildup in his body. Demographic research has shown that undocumented immigrants with kidney failure tend to be younger than the U.S. population with the same condition. These young patients will be on dialysis longer than people who have the option of a kidney transplant. The majority of these patients attend dialysis indefinitely with no access to kidney transplants, destined to die early from kidney failure. Case-specific advocacy and news coverage has granted some people transplants with funds from foundations or private donors. While the transplant surgeries can be expensive, dialysis is also costly at nearly $90,000 per year. Immigration status is not part of the eligibility criteria to be on the national transplant list, but health insurance to cover the surgery is required. Many immigrants face difficulties securing health insurance and most undocumented immigrants are not eligible for any health insurance. Some immigrants, including lawful permanent residents after five years, as well as asylees and refugees, may qualify for state Medicaid programs. Those who cannot meet strict citizenship and immigration criteria are not eligible. Jorge is not eligible for regular Medicaid but has basic medical care provided through an emergency fund. Even so, very few state Medicaid funds will cover transplants, even if they cover regular dialysis. In 2014, Illinois became one of the first states to cover kidney transplants for undocumented patients. Illinois's state Medicaid director made this decision on cost saving grounds. In May 2018, HealthDay interviewed a Colorado nephrologist, Dr. Lilia Cervantes, about her research on undocumented immigrants with kidney failure. She said that doctors and nurses were drained from witnessing "needless suffering and high mortality," and some even stretched guidelines in their practices to provide needed care for undocumented patients. Insurance coverage and immigration status can frustrate the efforts of providers to give evidence-based medical care, and conflict with the duty to seek good care for our patients that motivated us to enter the medical field. Jorge is a young man who came to the U.S. from El Salvador determined to work and escape violence back home. As part of his care team, I was desperate to find a long-term solution for Jorge's kidney failure. I scoured the internet and spoke with our health center's legal and insurance navigation teams to find potential options. I learned that Jorge can continue dialysis through coverage from the District of Columbia but has no access to a kidney transplant. As disappointed and frustrated as I am to not be able to help him obtain a transplant, it doesn't compare to the despair that he feels when he talks about his health. He knows that he needs a transplant or he will not live. I keep coming back to that first conversation and my response to Jorge: "I'm glad your friend was willing to give you a kidney. Unfortunately, with the way insurance rules are right now, you do not have coverage to get a kidney transplant, even though your friend wants to help." The translated words hung in the air. Jorge's dejected expression showed exactly what he felt. For patients with kidney failure, especially younger ones who are otherwise healthy, a transplant offers the possibility of a life free from the hours spent at dialysis and feeling dizzy and tired. It's the chance to work and contribute to local communities. If kidney transplants may save money, or at worst, cost the same, we ought to consider the significant improvement they create in the quality of life for our patients. I hope that visits with Jorge will soon include news that he can be added to the transplant list, before it's too late. What can you do? Ask your state and local health officials how undocumented immigrants with kidney failure are cared for in your state, and urge them to consider options to reduce long-term cost while improving health outcomes and quality of care. *Name changed to protect patient identity. ||||| In 1997, the practice for treating undocumented immigrant patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at a Houston public hospital changed. In this study, we compare the two systems that evolved. Newly encountered immigrants with ESRD were provided only emergent dialysis, while patients previously on scheduled dialysis were "grandfathered in" and maintained on care equivalent to that provided to US citizens. Primary measures compared were patient utilization of hospital services, self-perceived satisfaction, and costs. Thirteen newly diagnosed emergent care patients were compared with 22 patients with unchanged levels of care. For the emergent group, patient utilization of beds and emergency room facilities was higher, patient satisfaction was lower for all but one index, and total costs of care were more than 3.7 times higher. Restricting care for undocumented immigrants with ESRD in our system resulted in greater utilization of hospital services, lower patient satisfaction, and increased cost. ||||| DENVER — Every Monday morning, like clockwork, one of Lucia’s children or her husband drives her to the emergency room at Denver Health Medical Center.. Lucia’s body is broken; her head throbs. She is short of breath and nauseated, and she drifts in and out of consciousness. The 51-year-old mother of five is in kidney failure, a result of her Type 2 diabetes. Lucia (whose last name has been withheld at her request because of her family’s immigration status) is one of an estimated 6,500 undocumented immigrants in the United States who are living with end-stage renal disease, but only barely. The chronic condition requires ongoing kidney dialysis, without which a person would die in a matter of days. For more than 650,000 American adults, end-stage renal disease is a manageable illness, treated with dialysis three times per week and covered by private health insurance, Medicare or Medicaid, no questions asked. But because Lucia is an undocumented immigrant, she is not eligible for traditional Medicare or Medicaid. And because she is unable to afford private medical insurance or pay for her expensive treatment out of pocket, she is forced to wait until her condition deteriorates to a life-threatening medical emergency. She must wait to nearly die before she can be revived and brought back to life. At that point, but not a moment sooner — even though Lucia and her doctors know that her impending emergency is completely preventable — Lucia receives care under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act. The 1986 law compels hospitals with emergency rooms to care for anyone and everyone whose life is in imminent danger, regardless of their citizenship status or ability to pay. What’s more, over the past five years of dealing with her disease, Lucia has learned that if she shows up at the hospital too early, she will be turned away because her life is not in immediate jeopardy. If she waits just a few minutes too late, she might need to be revived from cardiac arrest. Determining the precise minute to arrive at the ER is a critically important decision. Lucia’s life depends on it. “The function of the kidneys is to filter blood of excess toxins and excess fluid,” said Dr. Lilia Cervantes, a physician at Denver Health who is involved in Lucia’s care. “When both kidneys stop working, people, on average, will live anywhere from 10 to 14 days. And so, to continue living, you need some process to filter blood, which is a dialysis machine. “If you don’t have dialysis, all that excess fluid and excess toxin builds up in the body. For example, if someone takes a spoonful of soup or a bite of watermelon or even a small gulp of water, your body isn’t able to get rid of that through urine. Instead, it stays in their system.” For her part, Lucia knows that she cannot eat certain water-dense foods such as potatoes, tomatoes and oranges. “I even have to measure the water,” she said through an interpreter. “I cannot drink a lot of water.” It’s an unimaginable predicament to be in: needing water to live but knowing that consuming just a little too much of it could kill you. “And so, for these patients, because they only come in … once every seven days instead of the three times per week, [the excess fluid] stays in their body, and it goes into the lungs,” Cervantes said. “It goes into their legs. Separate from that, the toxins build up, one of the most important toxins being potassium, which, at high levels, can make the heart stop.” The stark disparity between how American hospitals care for the insured versus the uninsured — and undocumented — is an issue Cervantes has dedicated her life and career to changing. She was motivated to transition from clinical work to more of a research role by another patient she treated, who ultimately died four years ago as a result of her illness. “After Hilda passed away, I looked at the literature, and I found one article that was particularly interesting,” Cervantes said. It was written by Dr. Barry M. Straube, who was then the chief medical officer for the federal government’s Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. “And in it, he discussed this issue of emergency-only hemodialysis and said that until we have the right research, the cost-effectiveness analysis, the comparative analyses, to demonstrate that this type of care needs to change, that potentially we wouldn’t change it until the right data are available,” Cervantes said. “And so that’s when I set off to really begin to build the body of research.” The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is responsible for making decisions as to what is and isn’t covered by Medicare, Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program. Although some of the agency’s policies are black and white, others fall into a bit of a gray area, including what exactly defines a medical emergency — namely, when someone like Lucia can be provided care. At Denver Health, where Lucia receives treatment, the criteria for admission to emergency dialysis include toxic levels of potassium and other blood electrolytes, as well as symptoms such as severe shortness of breath, substantial nausea and vomiting, confusion and diminished mental status. Some states, including California, New York, North Carolina and Washington, have initiated programs and set aside funds to provide standard dialysis to undocumented immigrants who need it — before they are in critical condition. Not only is this type of treatment more manageable for patients, studies have shown that it saves the government and taxpayers a significant amount of money. A 2007 study conducted at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston found that the cost of treating undocumented immigrants with emergency-only hemodialysis is 3.7 times more expensive than caring for them with standard dialysis three times per week. It’s because patients like Lucia are so much sicker and require more care by the time they come in for treatment. And that money adds up — to approximately $285,000 vs. $77,000 a year — according to the study. In her research at Denver Health, Cervantes found that five years after initiating dialysis, undocumented immigrants with end-stage renal disease who receive emergency-only hemodialysis have on average a 14 times greater risk of death compared with people who receive three-times-a-week dialysis. In addition to the greater financial cost and the heavier toll this delayed treatment wreaks on the body, Cervantes found that many of her patients experience something she calls “death anxiety.” “Participants described the overwhelming distress their families experienced as they watched a loved one cope with symptom accumulation and fear of dying each week,” Cervantes wrote in her research. “Parents described their children as depressed because they were afraid of losing their parent. “Two participants described suicide attempts by their children. Participants preemptively said their goodbyes to their families each week because they were uncertain whether they would survive the process of waiting to be admitted or of undergoing hemodialysis under emergency conditions.” Lucia, for one, said she is at peace with her illness and doesn’t worry anymore that she is not going to survive. She feels grateful for the limited care she receives here in the United States, because she is acutely aware of the reality that she would not be entitled to any care in her native Mexico and would almost certainly have died by now. Lucia and the other participants in Cervantes’ study were diagnosed with kidney disease after arriving in the United States and did not enter the country to seek treatment. “It’s been really hard for my family,” Lucia said. “The worst is for my son. … He worries about me.” Every week, 18-year-old Alex watches his mother steadily decline, not able to do anything about it until she arrives at the precipice of death — at which point, he will take her to the hospital. What particularly aggrieves Cervantes is that patients such as Lucia are not eligible for organ transplants, even from a family member, but they are encouraged to give the gift of life and donate their organs when they die. “I just want care to change so badly,” Cervantes said, as she started to cry. “I can do all the research, but it’s not until people actually listen … [that] access can finally change.” |||||
Lucia nearly dies every Monday, and she does it on purpose. An undocumented immigrant, the 51-year-old isn't allowed to receive normal Medicare or Medicaid for her end-stage renal disease and waits until she's almost dead to admit herself into emergency care at Denver Health Medical Center, KDVR reports. More than 650,000 American adults have the same condition and usually receive regular kidney dialysis, but Lucia—who is keeping her last name secret over immigration concerns—holds off until she's nauseated and barely breathing to guarantee hospital admission. Then, Denver doctors take care of her under a 1986 law that prohibits hospitals from turning away anyone on the verge of death. Without functioning kidneys or regular dialysis, fluid and toxins build up dangerously in Lucia's system; she even has to measure her water intake during the week. "It's been really hard for my family," says the mother of five. "The worst is for my son. … He worries about me." A 2007 study showed it was 3.7 times pricier for a hospital to treat undocumented immigrants with emergency-only hemodialysis, per US News & World Report—and states including New York, California, and North Carolina have implemented standard dialysis treatment for them—but that changes nothing for Lucia. "I just want care to change so badly," says one of her doctors, near tears. "I can do all the research, but it's not until people actually listen … [that] access can finally change."
task335_hateeval_classification_aggresive_en
task335-91ba367a8b2a46a399b8c1bd39203424
In this task, you are given a hateful post in English from online platforms. You are expected to classify the post into two classes: aggresive or non-aggresive. An aggresive post is one that expresses feelings and opinions in an abusive way and tries to dominate others. Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link]. Post: White House wants to make it harder for legal migrants to be citizens [Link] via @MailOnline GOOD!!! ONLY THE BEST!! Welfare leeches Go back home!!!
Non-aggresive
task075_squad1.1_answer_generation
task075-befffe0b46c5475b912ab407c3a1ed0c
This task is about writing a correct answer for the reading comprehension task. Based on the information provided in a given passage, you should identify the shortest continuous text span from the passage that serves as an answer to the given question. Avoid answers that are incorrect or provides incomplete justification for the question. Passage: In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon. In 2011, she appeared on the cover of French fashion magazine L'Officiel, in blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media. A statement released from a spokesperson for the magazine said that Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce" and that it was "a return to her African roots". Question: Which French magazine did Beyonce show up on the cover of?
L'Officiel
task1285_kpa_keypoint_matching
task1285-13b6fdf70af047e4bc6ed683f1b0da5b
The input contains a debate topic, an argument on the topic and a keypoint, separated by "<sep>". Your task is to answer if the keypoint matches the argument and summarizes exactly what the argument means, in the context of the given topic. Topic: Homeschooling should be banned<sep>Argument: Homeschooling is not regulated enough.<sep>Keypoint: Homeschools cannot be regulated/standardized
True
task1326_qa_zre_question_generation_from_answer
task1326-60b5f833576549999872c99a9a4af85e
Generate a question which can yield the answer mentioned in the input. Generated question must be answered by the answer provided in input, without using any extra knowledge. Context : Hauptmann Rudolf Henne (10 September 1913 -- 5 October 1962) was a Luftwaffe Bomber Ace in the German Luftwaffe during World War II in Staffelkapitän of the 9. Answer : World War II
In which war/battle did Rudolf Henne fight?
task063_first_i_elements
task063-00ad68edcf7b4eb2ab686556b281add2
In this task, you are given inputs i and A, where i is an integer and A is a list. You need to output the first i elements of A, starting with the 1st element in A. i will always have a value less than the length of A 3, ['R', 'p', 'A', '3495', 'V', '4879', '9563', 'V', '7093', 'p', '5235']
R, p, A
task247_dream_answer_generation
task247-422e84d9e3f24fa8a0113d0bba6bc3c6
In this task, you will be shown a conversation and a question. You need to answer the question and choose the correct option based on the conversation. "W" and "M" in the conversations stand for "woman" and "man". W: When did you become interested in collecting stamps? M: Oh, when I was about ten years old. It's an exciting hobby. You know, the first postage stamps were issued in Britain in 1840. W: Really? I didn't know that. I did know that the charge for mail delivery before the appearance of postage stamps was paid by either the sender or the receiner. How much was the usual charge? M: Oh, about ten cents for a short distance. But post of rices were losing money with that system. Rowland Hill an Englishman, suggested using postage stamps. Here's a picture of the first two stamps issued. W: They both bear a picture of Queen Victoria., Question: Who paid for the mail delivery before the appearance of postage stamps? (A) The British government. (B) The individual post offices. (C) Either the sender or the receiver of a letter.
(C) Either the sender or the receiver of a letter.
task707_mmmlu_answer_generation_high_school_microeconomics
task707-2c383772b2854409a491c2daa7a19f36
You are given a question on high school microeconomics. You are also given 4 answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"), out of which only one is correct. You need to answer the question by selecting the correct option. You should only answer with the choice letter, not the whole answer. A bilateral monopoly exists when (A)a monopsony buys from a monopoly (B)a monopoly sells to two different types of consumers (C)a monopoly buys from a monopsony (D)a monopolist sells two different types of goods
A
task293_storycommonsense_emotion_text_generation
task293-e7b0b57987e149e19a145d41a96e1844
In this task, you're given a context, a sentence, and a character. The sentence describes an action or job of the given character. Also, the context provides more information about the sentence or the character. Your task is to return one of the emotions which are expressed by the Character in the given sentence. For that you can use the Context; however, Context is not provided in all the inputs. Also, in some inputs, there can be zero emotion; for that return 'None'. Context: Millie was shopping for her wedding. She wanted to be thrifty about bridesmaids dressed. Sentence: Unfortunately cheaper dresses tended to be ugly. Character: Bridesmaids
sad
task631_dbpedia_14_incorrect_answer_generation
task631-3898d0c0630b4f438bca7f1484b63390
In this task, you're given a text and question. The question is about the topic of the document. You are expected to generate an incorrect answer. The incorrect answer should be among one of the following categories: 1)Company, 2)Educational Institution, 3)Artist, 4)Athlete, 5)Office holder, 6)Mean of transportation, 7)Building, 8)Natural place, 9)Village, 10)Animal, 11)Plant, 12)Album, 13)Film, 14)Written work Text: Amasonia is a genus of plants in the Lamiaceae family native to South America and the Caribbean region. They are shrubs subshrubs or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate bracts are brightly colored (red purple or yellow) and the sepals are bright red or purple. Question: WHat is the classified topic name
Film
task299_storycloze_sentence_generation
task299-243402e4ab59474b88d899c3b76b9519
In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language in which one part is missing. Your job is to predict the position and missing part of the story and return in the following format: position, missing part. The missing part is a sentence that completes the story, and the position is the number of the missing sentence in the new story. Sentence1: Jason decides that he wants to learn Hindi before the wedding. Sentence2: He hires a tutor and practices speaking Hindi every day. Sentence3: When the wedding day arrives, Jason is fluent in Hindi! Sentence4: Everyone was impressed that Jason had become bilingual.
1, Jason's best friend is getting married in India next year.
task636_extract_and_sort_unique_alphabets_in_a_list
task636-e0413caa03f24b649c6c02077c08c7f5
In this task, you are given an input list A comprising of numbers and alphabets. You need to extract and sort the unique alphabets in the list. The alphabets in the input list will only be in lowercase. Return -1 if there is no alphabet in the input list. ['e', 'y', '5547', '5675', '6107', 'f', '3389']
e, f, y
task1678_mathqa_answer_selection
task1678-3b7379f8a17342948861ffac55fef25e
Given a math problem with context and a question and 5 answer choices, the task is to provide the correct answer choice based on the problem. You must choose one of the given answer choices by letter: a, b, c, d, or e; anything else is invalid. Problem: in a certain pond, 50 fish were caught, tagged, and returned to the pond. a few days later, 50 fish were caught again, of which 5 were found to have been tagged. if the percent of tagged fish in the second catch approximates the percent of tagged fish in the pond, what is the approximate number of fish in the pond ? Options: a. 400, b. 500, c. 1,250, d. 2,500, e. 10,000
b
task319_stereoset_classification_profession
task319-c638806c7eff42ba9bf5d2ee14873ab7
You are given a target profession, and two sentences. Your task is to determine whether the second sentence is either a stereotype, anti-stereotype, or is unrelated with respect to the first sentence and the target. A stereotype is a widely held but oversimplified notion of a group of people. An anti-stereotype is an idea that goes against the widely held but oversimplified notion of a group of people. Sentences and targets are unrelated if there is no relevance between them. Target: delivery man The UPS man is also called a delivery man. I see the dog is still in need of food, I will go to the grocery store and get him some food and treats.
unrelated
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
task101-77ebb2e6350f4588814b92fe60d7bbe9
In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string. 6, 7, ['2513', 'z', '3679', 'A', 'h', 'm', 'r']
rm
task515_senteval_odd_word_out
task515-5c42ad8a610d4cb884fb77f4783e10e1
In this task, you are given a sentence. You must judge whether a single noun or verb has been replaced with another word with the same part of speech. The inversion would result in the sentence sounding unnatural, So unnatural sentences will be considered changed. Label the instances as "Original" or "Changed" based on your judgment. They were listing the pages , looking for whatever was in the files that had Irwin so hot to get them back .
Changed
task100_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
task100-7d813fef31c04d76b88f8f9e5dccdc86
In this task, you are given inputs i,j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to concatenate all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, and print the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. 2, 28, ['w', '5251', '5167', '6525', '8913', 'u', 'q', '909', '7249', 's', '1047', 'm', '5131', '1307', '7143', '7653', '7913', '7467', 'X', '3961', 'S', 'R', 'Q', '4903', '5131', 'J', 'r', 'I']
5251516765258913uq9097249s1047m513113077143765379137467X3961SRQ49035131JrI
task1217_atomic_answer_generation
task1217-d87f515270c640f4859254d8b56f6dc0
In this task, you are given a sentence with a missing word that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. Fill in the blank with a plausible word. Although each sentence has many correct answers, you only have to write one answer. PersonX waits in line ___
outside
task183_rhyme_generation
task183-0230cc68584c4b2baaca1b7d76085ebd
Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No" cause
spas
task142_odd-man-out_classification_no_category
task142-a437a6f82e2846a0ac4010a8b364b683
Given a set of five words, generate the word from the set that does not belong (i.e. is the least relevant) with the other words. Words are separated by commas. well, classy, hot, fine, bright
well
task849_pubmedqa_answer_generation
task849-203c3aeb017249a788cff127ebae8b80
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context. Context: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of amifampridine phosphate (Firdapse(®)) for symptomatic treatment in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS).', 'Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, study. Patients were treated initially with amifampridine phosphate for 7-91 days, followed by randomization to continue amifampridine phosphate for 14 days or placebo (7-day taper, 7-day placebo). The primary efficacy endpoints were changes from baseline at day 14 in Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis and Subject Global Impression scores.', 'The coprimary efficacy end points and 1 of the secondary efficacy end points were met, showing a significant benefit of aminfampridine phosphate over placebo at Day 14. All 5 primary, secondary, and tertiary endpoints achieved statistical significance at Day 8. Amifampridine phosphate was well tolerated; the most common adverse events were oral and digital paresthesias, nausea, and headache.\Question: Is amifampridine phosphate ( Firdapse ( ® ) ) effective and safe in a phase 3 clinical trial in LEMS?
This study provides Class I evidence of efficacy of amifampridine phosphate as a symptomatic treatment for LEMS.
task350_winomt_classification_gender_identifiability_pro
task350-b7cea13166e84028b84594de4710dd64
In this task, you are given a sentence and a profession. The sentence mentions two professions: one's gender is identifiable using the coreference link with gendered pronouns and the other's gender is unidentifiable. You are expected to return whether the given profession's gender is identifiable or unidentifiable. Sentence: The mechanic followed carefully the model proposed by the designer because he wants to meet expectations. Profession: mechanic
Identifiable
task844_financial_phrasebank_classification
task844-22891b3e8e8c448ba3a5f492ab4f7e03
Given a piece of financial news and its polarity, classify it into 'true' if the polarity is correct and classify into 'false' if the polarity is incorrect. Output must be 'true' or 'false'. news:It started with software that was capable of retrieving the data typed into the computer keyboard ( `` keyloggers '' ) , and then more complex mechanisms arrived on the scene , such as phishing and pharming . polarity:neutral
true
task494_review_polarity_answer_generation
task494-d2dd2923fd6349099ad25120086f24e8
Given a review text from amazon and its polarity (either positive or negative). Generate answer "True" if given sentence and its polarity match, otherwise generate answer "False". A review is considered positive if the reviewer is satisfied with the product. Otherwise, it is considered negative. Review: It did not even occur to me that a plug-in CO detector would not have battery back-up, which is my fault for missing that. However, what the?? I mean, they ALL should have batter back-up. This one has to go back. Polarity: Negative
True
task399_semeval_2018_task1_tweet_sadness_detection
task399-e404ffa458804387ad6f20e1dfac4e22
In this task you are given a tweet. You must judge whether the author of the tweet is sad or not. Label the instances as "Sad" or "Not sad" based on your judgment. You can get help from hashtags and emojis, but you should not judge only based on them, and should pay attention to tweet's text as well. I have sleep cooties.\nI close my eyes and dream that I'm awake #weary #sleepissues #narcolepsy
Sad
task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
task303-52d7abc984fa4f0e99502d9c77b97c09
In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. Greece is threatening to seize property, land and businesses belonging to Germany if Berlin does not agree to compensate it for the Nazi occupation of the Second World War. Prime minister Alexis Tsipras has demanded Germany pay more than £112billion in reparations. He said previous payments did not cover demands for destroyed infrastructure, compensation for war crimes and the return of a forced loan to the Nazis. Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, who says that Germany owes his country compensation worth hundreds of billions of euros due to the Nazi occupation during the Second World War In an emotive address to his parliament he spoke of his government pursuing its ‘duty to history’ and the people who ‘fought and gave their lives to defeat Nazism’. Germany angrily dismissed the demands yesterday, saying it had paid reparations to Greece.Greece has threatened Germany saying it will seize its property and landComes as Athens and EU reach a stand-off over negotiations on debt crisisGreek Prime Minister says Germany owes his country war compensationAlexis Tsipras adds Angela Merkel owes his country up to 332 billion eurosBut Germany has dismissed the demands saying reparations have already been solved Question:Greek media have depicted Mrs _ and her finance ministers in Nazi uniforms.
EU
task848_pubmedqa_classification
task848-c707da45b6d84f8182bd7b861c614397
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in blood pressure control and body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. In the past few years, angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) has been reported to counteract the effects of Ang II and was even considered as a new therapeutical target in RAS. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Ang (1-7) administration on a diabetic animal model and the modulation on local RAS.', 'Streptozotocin (STZ) injection-induced diabetic rats were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into 3 groups: (1) control; (2) STZ-induced diabetes; and (3) STZ-induced diabetes with chronic Ang (1-7) treatment [D+Ang(1-7)]. In the D+Ang(1-7) group, a dose of 25 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1) of Ang (1-7) was continually injected through the jugular vein by embedding miniosmotic pump for 6 weeks. Plasma glucose, ratio of kidney to body weight, and 24 h urine protein and serum creatinine were monitored by conventional measurement. Plasma and renal Ang II levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Ang-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor, Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptor, Ang (1-7) Mas receptor, and TGF- beta1 mRNA levels were measured by real time PCR; ACE, ACE2, and TGF- beta1 protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting.', 'The renal function of diabetic rats was significantly retrogressed when compared with that of control rats. After the treatment by constant Ang (1-7) vein injection for 6 weeks, renal function was found to be even worse than diabetic rats, and both TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in the D+Ang(1-7) group compared with the diabetic rats. The real-time PCR result also showed an increase in ACE mRNA expression and decrease in ACE2 mRNA level in the D+Ang(1-7) group when compared with diabetic rats. The number of AT1 receptors increased in the Ang (1-7)-injected group, while the number of AT2 and Mas receptors decreased.
1
task588_amazonfood_rating_classification
task588-80a1dc967b594b138716efd1c1e5ec57
In this task, you're given a review from Amazon's food products. Your task is to generate a rating for the product on a scale of 1-5 based on the review. The rating means 1: extremely poor, 2: poor, 3: neutral or mixed, 4: good, 5: extremely good. I'm always looking for a carbonated alternative to sodas so I thought I'd give this a try. Generally I enjoy drinking naturally flavored sparkling water like La Croix or Crystal Geyser. I also very much enjoy Izzy's sparkling water/juice blends. Unlike Izzy, which combines juice and water, this is a 100% juice beverage that is carbonated. I have to say, it is definitely full of flavor, but it's just too sweet tasting. I like a bit of orange juice now and then, but for this type of carbonated drink, I'm just not into all that sweetness. I tried diluting it with some sparkling water, but the flavor just wasn't quite what I wanted. I like that Izzy is just a bit on the tart side with it's flavors. This is a nice idea and it's pretty ok. I just prefer other beverages over this one.
3
task377_remove_words_of_given_length
task377-69b968b62c8841d6902124cf1d9c5da2
In this task, you need to remove all words of a given length in the sentence. The number of letters in a word determine its length, for example, the length of the word "apple" is 5. Sentence: 'a white moving truck sitting in front of a house'. Remove all words of length '5' in the given sentence.
a moving sitting in of a
task071_abductivenli_answer_generation
task071-44d212e3b37644bbaab2536068a7f689
In this task, you're given the beginning and the middle of a three-part story. Your job is to complete the short story by writing a probable ending. Generated sentences must be short, have fewer than 10 words, and be simple as if narrating to a child. Avoid using any irrelevant extra information when creating the ending, and use names instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible. Beginning: The football team was undefeated. Middle: The undefeated streak came to an end today.
The other team scored and they left heartbroken.
task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
task405-b88252bacb9f4e469ec09a0f1f48191a
You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning. The Castle of Otranto tells the story of Manfred, lord of the castle, and his family. The book begins on the wedding-day of his sickly son Conrad and princess Isabella. Shortly before the wedding, however, Conrad is crushed to death by a gigantic helmet that falls on him from above. This inexplicable event is particularly ominous in light of an ancient prophecy, "that the castle and lordship of Otranto should pass from the present family, whenever the real owner should be grown too large to inhabit it". Manfred, terrified that Conrad's death signals the beginning of the end for his line, resolves to avert destruction by marrying Isabella himself while divorcing his current wife Hippolita, who he feels has failed to bear him a proper heir. However, as Manfred attempts to marry Isabella, she escapes to a church with the aid of a peasant named Theodore. Manfred orders Theodore's death while talking to the friar Jerome, who ensured Isabella's safety in the church. When Theodore removes his shirt to be killed, Jerome recognises a marking below his shoulder and identifies Theodore as his own son. Jerome begs for his son's life, but Manfred says Jerome must either give up the princess or his son's life. They are interrupted by a trumpet and the entrance of knights from another kingdom who want to deliver Isabella. This leads the knights and Manfred to race to find Isabella. Theodore, having been locked in a tower by Manfred, is freed by Manfred's daughter Matilda. He races to the underground church and finds Isabella. He hides her in a cave and blocks it to protect her from Manfred and ends up fighting one of the mysterious knights. Theodore badly wounds the knight, who turns out to be Isabella's father, Frederic. With that, they all go up to the castle to work things out. Frederic falls in love with Matilda and he and Manfred begin to make a deal about marrying each other's daughters. Manfred, suspecting that Isabella is meeting Theodore in a tryst in the church, takes a knife into the church, where Matilda is meeting Theodore. Thinking his own daughter is Isabella, he stabs her. Theodore is then revealed to be the true prince of Otranto and Matilda dies, leaving Manfred to repent. Theodore becomes king and eventually marries Isabella because she is the only one who can understand his true sorrow.
What does Conrad's death signify?
task924_event2mind_word_generation
task924-4436fcbc01ad49a2b0d3b807f6d92433
You are provided with an "Event", "Intent" and "XEmotion" (PersonX's reactions for the given "Event"). Indicate PersonY's reaction (person feels) at the end of this event. Provide one reaction for PersonY. If there's nothing that can be implied, respond as None Event:PersonX knows that ___ well. Intent: 1) to have the car packed and ready to go. XEmotion: 1) good because they're prepared
very happy
task170_hotpotqa_answer_generation
task170-e38a7a5e28d444789478fe0babf20448
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts. Context_1 : Laura Martínez de Carvajal (1869–1941) was the first female doctor in Cuba. She was the oldest daughter of a rich Spanish family, and learned to read and write at age four and finished high school at age thirteen. Because she was a woman, when she studied medicine she was not able to dissect corpses at the same time as her male classmates, but had to do so by herself on Saturday and Sunday. She graduated in medicine at age 19 in 1889, at the University of Havana. She also married in July 1889. She worked as an ophthalmologist; her husband, Dr. Enrique López Veitía, also worked as such and she became his chief assistant and cared for his patients when he could not. As well, she collaborated with him on many papers and three volumes of "Clinical Ophthalmology." She had seven children. Her husband died of tuberculosis in 1910 and she died of tuberculosis in 1941, at age 72. Context_2 : Dumbo (or DUMBO, short for Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass) is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The area known as DUMBO used to be known as Gairville. It encompasses two sections: one located between the Manhattan and Brooklyn Bridges, which connect Brooklyn to Manhattan across the East River, and another that continues east from the Manhattan Bridge to the Vinegar Hill area. The neighborhood is bounded by Brooklyn Bridge Park to the north, the Brooklyn Bridge to the west, Brooklyn Heights to the south and Vinegar Hill to the east. Dumbo is part of Brooklyn Community Board 2. Context_3 : Queens is the easternmost and largest in area of the five boroughs of New York City. It is geographically adjacent to the borough of Brooklyn at the southwestern end of Long Island, and to Nassau County farther east on Long Island; in addition, Queens shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. Coterminous with Queens County since 1899, the borough of Queens is the second-largest in population (after Brooklyn), with a census-estimated 2,333,054 residents in 2016, approximately 48% of them foreign-born. Queens County also is the second-most populous county in the U.S. state of New York, behind the neighboring borough of Brooklyn, which is coterminous with Kings County. Queens is the fourth-most densely populated county among New York City's boroughs, as well as in the United States. If each of New York City's boroughs were an independent city, Queens also would be the nation's fourth most populous, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world. Context_4 : The High Bridge (originally the Aqueduct Bridge) is the oldest bridge in New York City, having originally opened as part of the Croton Aqueduct in 1848 and reopened as a pedestrian walkway in 2015 after being closed for over 40 years. A steel arch bridge with a height of 140 ft over the Harlem River, it connects the New York City boroughs of the Bronx and Manhattan. The eastern end is located in the Highbridge section of the Bronx near the western end of West 170th Street, and the western end is located in Highbridge Park in Manhattan, roughly parallel to the end of West 174th Street. Context_5 : Emily Warren Roebling (September 23, 1843 – February 28, 1903) is known for her contribution to the completion of the Brooklyn Bridge after her husband Washington Roebling developed caisson disease. Her husband was a civil engineer and the Chief Engineer during the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge. Context_6 : The Brooklyn–Queens Greenway is a bicycling and pedestrian path connecting parks and roads in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, connecting Coney Island in the south to Fort Totten in the north, on Long Island Sound. The route connects major sites in the two boroughs, such as the New York Aquarium, Brooklyn Museum, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, the New York Hall of Science and Citi Field. Context_7 : Frances Louisa Clayton (c. 1830 – after 1863), also recorded as Frances Clalin, was an American woman who disguised herself as a man to fight for the Union Army in the American Civil War. Under the alias Jack Williams, she enlisted in a Missouri regiment along with her husband, and fought in several battles. She left the army soon after her husband died at Stones River. Context_8 : The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge in New York City and is one of the oldest bridges in the United States. Started in 1869 and completed fourteen (14) years later in 1883, it connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River. It has a main span of 1595.5 ft and was the first steel-wire suspension bridge constructed. It was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge and the East River Bridge, but it was later dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge, a name coming from an earlier January 25, 1867, letter to the editor of the "Brooklyn Daily Eagle" and formally so named by the city government in 1915. Since opening, it has become an icon of New York City and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972. Context_9 : The Triborough Bridge, known officially as the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge since 2008, and sometimes referred to as the RFK Triborough Bridge, is a complex of three separate bridges in New York City. The bridges connect the boroughs of Manhattan, Queens, and the Bronx via Randalls and Wards Islands, which are joined by landfill. The bridge complex, which carries Interstate 278 and unmarked New York State Route 900G, connects with the FDR Drive and the Harlem River Drive in Manhattan, the Bruckner Expressway and the Major Deegan Expressway in the Bronx, and the Grand Central Parkway and Astoria Boulevard in Queens. Context_10 : Susannah Jane Rankin (1897 – 24 July 1989) was a Welsh Congregational minister, religious educator, linguist and translator. In 1922, she was the first woman at the University of Wales to earn a Bachelor of Divinity, having studied at Bala-Bangor Theological Seminary. She was ordained in 1925 at Pendref, Llanfyllin. After serving as a lecturer at Lawes Theological College, she became an evangelist in Papua New Guinea (Boku Kapakapa, 1928; Saroa, 1931). Rankin and her husband, Robert Rankin, were appointed Professor and Principal at Chalmers Memorial Theological College after its establishment in 1957. Her husband died three years later, and she took over the role of Principal till 1964. For her translation work from Welsh and English to the Motu language, Rankin received an Honorary M.A. degree from the University of Wales. She died in Australia in 1989. fact_1 : Emily Warren Roebling (September 23, 1843 – February 28, 1903) is known for her contribution to the completion of the Brooklyn Bridge after her husband Washington Roebling developed caisson disease. fact_2 : Started in 1869 and completed fourteen (14) years later in 1883, it connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River. Question: After her husband died, what woman is known for her contribution to the completion of a bridge that connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn?
Emily Warren Roebling
task306_jeopardy_answer_generation_double
task306-9b38a7f215014169b1ac592be82a53e2
You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters. Category: FUNNY HATS Clue: The name of this often brimless hat, popular in the 1920s, is French for "bell", after the shape of the hat
a cloche
task191_hotpotqa_question_generation
task191-a92a551d6e6642609b5c5664f36e20c6
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer. Context_1 : Sylvain Cossette (born May 8, 1963) is a French-Canadian singer-songwriter from Grand-Mère, Quebec (located in the Mauricie region). Sylvain was a founding member of the Quebec-based English language band Paradox in 1984, before becoming a French language solo artist by 1994. During his career he has sold over one million albums (12 Gold and Platinum), recorded thirty-two #1 hit songs and eight Number 1 albums, earned six Silver, Gold and Platinum Tickets, won 10 Quebec Felix Music Awards, six Socan awards and four Juno nominations, and performed in Canada and Europe in the hit stage musicals "Notre Dame De Paris" and "Dracula". Cossette's 2001 album "Rendez-vous" was certified Platinum by the CRIA in November 2002. His 2007 album "70s" (#1 Quebec, #2 Canada) is his first all English release and produced four Number 1 hit singles and two Number 1 hit videos. The album went Gold (50,000 CDs sold) in 27 days and Platinum (100,000 CDs sold) in 15 weeks. The 70s concert tour went Silver Ticket (25,000 tickets sold) in three months and Gold Ticket (50,000 tickets sold) within a year. On October 21, 2008, he released the album "70s Volume 2" and produced three Number 1 hit singles and one Number 1 hit video. The album went Gold (50,000 CDs sold) in 19 days and Platinum (100,000 CDs sold) in 11 weeks. On October 25, 2010, the album 70s Volume 3 was released and quickly went Gold. The 70s project has so far sold almost 400,000 albums, 150,000 concert tickets and been seen by over a 650,000 people at outdoor festivals. In September 2011 he launched his new one-year tour «The Best of the 70s». In October 2011, two compilation albums were released of his greatest French language hits. On October 1, 2012, he release his first original French language album in 12 years called "Le jour d'après" (4 number one hit songs) which he wrote, co-arranged and co-produced. His next album RETROSPECTIVE spawned a tour throughout French Canada in 2013-2014. In April 2014 he released an album "Les numérous 1" of his career #1 hit songs that he composed. A new trilogy project (album/photobiography book/tour) called ACCORDS was released in October 2014 and spawned three Number 1 hit singles followed by a tour throughout French Canada in 2015. In 2014-16 he was the creative force behind two children projects (albums and live shows): Lily et le Lutin & Pyjama Party. In 2017 he released his first instrumental album Café et Guitares in over 200 countries. Context_2 : Ednita Nazario Figueroa (born April 11, 1955) is a Puerto Rican musician, singer, songwriter and actress who has achieved stardom both at home and abroad. She has been in the music business from a young age, and has released over twenty albums throughout her career. Context_3 : Jail Breakers () is a 2002 South Korean comedy film starring Sol Kyung-gu, Cha Seung-won and Song Yoon-ah. It was a box office hit with a total of 3,073,919 admissions nationwide, making it the 4th highest grossing Korean film of 2002. Context_4 : Gerald Joseph Duggan (10 July 191027 March 1992), known as Gerry Duggan, was an Irish-born Australian character actor who appeared in many well-known films. He was also a stage and television actor. He never achieved stardom, but was a familiar face in small roles in film and television. His trademarks were his Irish brogue, pronounced lisp and prominent jaw. Context_5 : Cha Seung-won (born 7 June 1970) is a South Korean actor who his career as an in-demand fashion model in the 1990s. Cha achieved stardom through the hit comedy films "Kick the Moon" (2001); "Jail Breakers" (2002); "My Teacher, Mr. Kim" (2003); and "Ghost House" (2004). After proving his versatility in other genres, notably in the period thriller "Blood Rain" (2005) and the melodrama "My Son" (2007), Cha's popularity continued with the television series "Bodyguard" (2003), "City Hall" (2009), and "The Greatest Love" (2011). Context_6 : "One Step Ahead" is a song by American soul singer Aretha Franklin. The single containing the song was released by Columbia Records in 1965. "One Step Ahead" was the A-side of the single, and peaked at #18 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart. The B-side, "I Can't Wait Until I See My Baby's Face," was taken from her 1964 album "Runnin' Out Of Fools". The single was released two years before Aretha achieved stardom when she joined Atlantic Records. Context_7 : Ghost House is a 2004 South Korean horror-comedy film. It was released in South Korea on September 7, 2004 and was the 4th best selling film of the year with 2,890,000 tickets sold. Context_8 : Yasser al-Azma (Arabic: ياسر العظمة‎ ‎ ; born 16 May 1942) is a prominent Syrian writer and actor of television, film, and stage. al-Azma was born in the Syrian capital of Damascus. The Syrian actor started his career acting on stage. al-Azma later acted in his first films. al-Azma achieved stardom when he started work on the "Maraya" (Arabic for "Mirrors"), one of the longest-running Arabic television comedy series, in the mid-1980s. al-Azma played leading roles in "Maraya" and took part in the writing of the series. al-Azma has often satirized Arab societies and governments with their anti-American attitudes in the series. Although al-Azma has had several other television roles, he is best remembered for his roles in "Maraya". al-Azma won three awards in three different occasions in the Cairo International Film Festival for his roles in "Maraya", in addition to an honorary award from the Arab Actor's Guild. Context_9 : Man on High Heels (; lit. "High Heel") is a 2014 South Korean noir film written and directed by Jang Jin, starring Cha Seung-won as a transgender homicide detective. Context_10 : My Son () is a 2007 South Korean film written and directed by Jang Jin, starring Cha Seung-won and Ryu Deok-hwan. For his performance, Cha won Best Actor at the 15th Chunsa Film Art Awards in 2007. fact_1 : Cha Seung-won (born 7 June 1970) is a South Korean actor who his career as an in-demand fashion model in the 1990s. fact_2 : Cha achieved stardom through the hit comedy films "Kick the Moon" (2001); "Jail Breakers" (2002); "My Teacher, Mr. Kim" (2003); and "Ghost House" (2004). fact_3 : Ghost House is a 2004 South Korean horror-comedy film. fact_4 : It was released in South Korea on September 7, 2004 and was the 4th best selling film of the year with 2,890,000 tickets sold. Answer: 2,890,000
Cha Seungwon achieved stardom, in part through a horrorcomedy film, which sold how many tickets the year it was released?
task1293_kilt_tasks_hotpotqa_question_answering
task1293-31a76ad39dfe41a38d87b7e0fb73f54d
In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information. Which professional sports league, founded in 1967, did coach Lou Carnesecca work in before coaching the St. John's Redmen?
American Basketball Association
task328_jigsaw_classification_insult
task328-95bc3122d1b444a087000c668bb8bfb9
In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: insult and non-insult. Insult is any lanugage or act that is disrespectful or scornfully abusive. Comment: Seeing how a police force comes from society it should not be a surprise that bad officers exist as in any other profession. They were caught and punished, how they were/length of punishment was determined by the courts. I guess I must have missed the Fairbanks assault and the one who murdered a women?
Non-insult
task455_swag_context_generation
task455-2e299e0e29a84220be329d3e0e28f7f7
Given a sentence, generate a most likely context or previous statement. The previous statement should be relevant to the given statement. The man instructs the young man to put the feet on the machine.
A man stands next a young man sitting on a rowing machine while talking.
task1447_drug_extraction_ade
task1447-f3dcb6237faa41e385e341efeb3bd056
In this task, you will be given sentences in which your task is to recognize the name of the drug or medicine. Drugs are substances that change a person's mental or physical state. They can affect how your brain works, how you feel and behave, your understanding, and your senses. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them. We present a case in which dipyridamole induced high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block that responded promptly to intravenous aminophylline but not to atropine.
dipyridamole
task403_creak_commonsense_inference
task403-5b860a0604f34fd4883c90932a4363f1
In this task you are given a statement and an explanation giving you further knowledge about an entity in the statement. You must judge whether the statement is true or false based on the explanation. Label an instance as "True" if the explanation confirms the statement or doesn't disprove it. Label an instance as "False" if the explanation disproves the statement. The statement and explanation are separated by a newline character. A type of jam spread on bread is called Martyr. Martyr is a religious doctrine.
False
task192_hotpotqa_sentence_generation
task192-2f8df2ff09894d1e9316354fee4510c5
In this task, you are given a context paragraph, a question based on that and corresponding answer of a question. Your task is to generate supporting fact/knowledge from context paragraph which helps in answering a given question. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка ; 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1804 15 February [O.S. 3 February] 1857 ) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the fountainhead of Russian classical music. Glinka's compositions were an important influence on future Russian composers, notably the members of The Five, who took Glinka's lead and produced a distinctive Russian style of music. Question: Which Russian composer was a member of the group of composers known as The Five, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov or Mikhail Glinka? Answer: Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка ; 1 June O.S. 20 May 1804 15 February O.S. 3 February 1857 was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the fountainhead of Russian classical music.
task454_swag_incorrect_answer_generation
task454-d4491b67b49848908ec284b4ced3b633
Given a sentence, generate a most unlikely next statement. The next statement should not be logically relevant to the given context They show a camp site with a tent. They
are playing on fire while wearing headphones and a mountain top.
task192_hotpotqa_sentence_generation
task192-0b6500625e0c49ce984989bcec907204
In this task, you are given a context paragraph, a question based on that and corresponding answer of a question. Your task is to generate supporting fact/knowledge from context paragraph which helps in answering a given question. Howard Verne Ramsey (April 2, 1898 - February 22, 2007) was one of the last surviving veterans of the First World War in the United States. Ramsey saw action in France during the war. His story was told in a 2005 speech by Vice President Dick Cheney commemorating the 75th anniversary of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Question: Which First World War survivor was commemorated in a speech given by the 46th vice president in 2005? Answer: Howard Verne Ramsey
Howard Verne Ramsey April 2, 1898 February 22, 2007 was one of the last surviving veterans of the First World War in the United States.
task846_pubmedqa_classification
task846-6a277843cf594b8985459fd9bbb493e7
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question. Question: Are phospholipase C epsilon 1 ( PLCE1 ) haplotypes associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in Kashmir Valley? Answer: These results suggest that variation in PLCE1 may be associated with GC risk in Kashmir Valley.
yes
task1518_limit_answer_generation
task1518-bce95fd584b64db1884b2298bc517fd7
In this task, you are given a sentence which contains a motion and your task is to identify the physical entities involved in the motion. The input sentence can have more than one entity and also there is at least one entity that takes part in physical motion. There are two types of entities which are animate (beings that are alive) and inanimate entities (beings that are not alive). I looked up and saw the four posts rising hideously bare.
I
task079_conala_concat_strings
task079-b0d539acd79641f7b8492c172a925656
In this task you will be given a list of strings and you need to concatenate them. ['it,', 'A', 'c', 'treacherous', 'b', 'was', 'r', 'b', 'i', 'and', 'g', 'b', 'o', 'f']
it,Actreacherousbwasrbiandgbof
task1326_qa_zre_question_generation_from_answer
task1326-fb5ba0c3515e4d95b387c358effd010c
Generate a question which can yield the answer mentioned in the input. Generated question must be answered by the answer provided in input, without using any extra knowledge. Context : Apollo Soucek (1897--19 July 1955) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy, who was a record-breaking test pilot during 1929-1930, served in World War II, and was commander of Carrier Division Three during the Korean War, ending his career as Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics. Answer : World War II
What war or battle involved Apollo Soucek?
task1217_atomic_answer_generation
task1217-f229e8e1151c485aa6c65d7f0617ce5f
In this task, you are given a sentence with a missing word that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. Fill in the blank with a plausible word. Although each sentence has many correct answers, you only have to write one answer. PersonX spends ___ on the grade
money
task693_mmmlu_answer_generation_conceptual_physics
task693-d2cc9c66d8bf49798a97f6358f3ef789
You are given a question on conceptual physics. You are also given 4 answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"), out of which only one is correct. You need to answer the question by selecting the correct option. You should only answer with the choice letter, not the whole answer. A capacitor can store (A)charge (B)energy (C)Both of these (D)Neither of these
C
task316_crows-pairs_classification_stereotype
task316-7fb0a2dd49584b7eb684f003b53ddd4e
In this task, you are given a short passage that conveys a stereotype or an anti-stereotype. A stereotype is an over-generalized belief about a particular group of people(based on race, ethnicity, gender, age, abilities, etc.). An anti-stereotype is an idea that goes against a common stereotype. You are expected to classify the passage into two classes: stereotype or anti-stereotype. Passage: One day the electricity got turned off because our dad Kyle was arrested
Anti-stereotype
task284_imdb_classification
task284-1286439bd3db47ae9a057dda5cbe5422
In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content. If you think "Weird Al" Yankovic is hilarious, you won't be disappointed by THE COMPLEAT AL. Not only does this rare mockumentary feature many of Yankovic's more memorable videos ("Like A Surgeon" and "I Love Rocky Road" among them), but they are inter-spliced with funny vignettes supposedly highlighting the parodist's rise to fame. Yankovic is not for all tastes, but his humor is harmless and imaginative enough that even non-fans will at least be lightly amused. Die-hard fans will love it not only for its content, but also for its relatively early look into Yankovic's now nearly three decade career. Suitable for all ages, kiddies will no doubt love the funny visuals.
positive
task615_moviesqa_answer_generation
task615-17d796f4bec94b129b1a286c1f783a0c
You are given an open-domain question from an open movie database. Your task is to provide an answer to that question. Try to only include the answer. Do not put it in a sentence. who is the director of Violent Cop?
Takeshi Kitano
task1339_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_text_completion
task1339-1a6907a78429417f8303e5dc3c7a36bc
The input is a sentence with a missed word and an emotion. Your task is to fill in the blank with a word that matches the emotion and rewrite the completed sentence. The emotion is one of ['fear', 'joy', 'anger', 'sadness']. SENTENCE: The situation makes my uncle feel <blank>. EMOTION: joy
The situation makes my uncle feel excited.
task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
task405-21a848eaf51c47cf9138cf773c44f612
You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning. High school student Danny Vinyard (Edward Furlong) receives an assignment from his history teacher Mr. Murray (Elliott Gould) to write a paper on "any book which relates to the struggle for human rights." Knowing Murray is Jewish, Danny writes his paper on Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf. Murray attempts to get Danny expelled for doing this, but Principal Dr. Bob Sweeney (Avery Brooks) refuses, instead informing Danny that he will study history and current events under Sweeney, and that the class will be called "American History X." Danny's first assignment is to prepare a paper on his brother Derek (Edward Norton), a former neo-Nazi leader. Derek and Danny's firefighter father Dennis Vinyard (William Russ) exposes his own racism in reaction to the news that Derek's English teacher, Dr. Sweeney, had assigned Richard Wright's novel Native Son. Sent on a call to fight a fire in a drug den, Dennis is murdered by black drug dealers. In a television interview conducted after Dennis' death, Derek erupts in a long racist tirade. Shortly thereafter, Cameron Alexander (Stacy Keach) and Derek form a white supremacist gang called the D.O.C. (Disciples of Christ). As a skilled basketball player, Derek is reluctantly dragged into a 3-on-3 game against several members of the Crips in which the prize is control of the recreation center basketball courts. After winning with his friends, Derek leads a large gang of skinheads to attack a supermarket owned by a Korean. Derek's mother Doris (Beverly D'Angelo) invites Murray, whom she is dating, home for dinner, which turns into a full-blown argument between Derek and Murray, causing themselves to leave. That night as Danny hears people attempting to steal Dennis' truck, Derek shoots and kills one of the thieves and curb stomps another, before being arrested by the police and being sentenced to three years in prison for voluntary manslaughter. Derek is given a job in the prison laundry and assigned to be the partner of Lamont (Guy Torry), a black man who is serving six years for assault. The pair develop a rapport from their shared love of basketball. Derek joins the Aryan Brotherhood, but after about a year, he becomes disillusioned with it. After being attacked in the shower by the Aryan Brotherhood members, Derek recovers and is visited by Sweeney, whom he asks for help to be paroled. Sweeney informs him of Danny's involvement with neo-Nazis, and warns that he is on the same path as Derek. Derek further distances himself from the Aryan Brotherhood and spends the remainder of his time in prison alone, reading books that Sweeney sends him. Finally realizing the error of his ways, Derek leaves prison a changed man. He finds that Danny has a D.O.C. tattoo and tries to persuade Danny to leave the gang. They subsequently go to a neo-Nazi party, where Derek tells Cameron that he and Danny will no longer associate with the neo-Nazi movement. Derek tells Danny about his experience in prison, which seems to prompt a change in Danny. The next morning, Danny finishes his paper and Derek gets ready for a meeting with his parole officer. Derek walks Danny to school before his meeting, and on their way they stop at a diner. Sweeney and a police officer tell Derek that his friend Seth Ryan (Ethan Suplee) and Cameron were attacked the previous night. At school, Danny is confronted by a young black student named Little Henry, who shoots and kills Danny. Derek arrives at the school and mourns for Danny. In a voice over, Danny reads the final lines of his paper for Dr. Sweeney, stating, "Hate is baggage. Life's too short to be pissed off all the time. It's just not worth it," and then quoting the final stanza of Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address.
What was the prize for the basket ball game between Derek and the Crips members?
task901_freebase_qa_category_question_generation
task901-bb1054002fca44debc2b7df6a39bb9af
Given a broad category, generate a trivia-type question based on a specific entity in that category. The question should be non-ambiguous. External resources such as Wikipedia could be used to obtain the facts. book
Who wrote the novel 'The Call Of The Wild'?
task865_mawps_addsub_question_answering
task865-2bde83c0c0754eafbecefde5781cc1d2
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to apply addition or subtraction mathematical operators on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer. There were 7 friends playing a video game online when 2 more players joined the game . If each player had 7 lives , how many lives did they have total ?
63
task560_alt_translation_en_entk
task560-6231a4f7f85e4066a8835ba46e0c3c42
In this task, given a sentence in the English language, your task is to convert it into English Tokens. City officials in seven United States cities were warned today about a possible attack on NFL stadiums using "dirty bombs."
City officials in seven United States cities were warned today about a possible attack on NFL stadiums using `` dirty bombs . ''
task079_conala_concat_strings
task079-1db6282851cb49639e6c3f7e8c1c4341
In this task you will be given a list of strings and you need to concatenate them. ['praises', 'O', 'O', 'no', 'G', 'the', 't', 'k', 'bread4but', 'M']
praisesOOnoGthetkbread4butM
task846_pubmedqa_classification
task846-3ded7856166b4b0ab9199e6246dad3f8
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question. Question: Do postmenopausal patients with endometrial cancer of type 1 have elevated serum estradiol levels in the ovarian vein? Answer: The postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active, especially in patients with type 1 EC. The degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia may (at least in part) contribute to the progression of type 1 EC, and MV may predict the level of E2 production from the ovaries in postmenopausal women.
yes
task378_reverse_words_of_given_length
task378-32347a3ec21148839f3e950da9f314bf
In this task, you need to reverse all words of a given length in the sentence. The number of letters in a word determine its length. For example, the length of the word "apple" is 5. Sentence: 'a group of giraffes walk across an open area'. Reverse all words of length '8' in the given sentence.
a group of seffarig walk across an open area
task365_synthetic_remove_vowels
task365-305b7db5ce884e7faa268b13b5f2b1cb
In this task you will be given a string of characters. You should remove all vowels from the given string. Vowels are: i,e,a,u,o. The character 'y' or 'Y' does not count as a vowel. uelWYPoaOnbdDUeI
lWYPnbdD
task865_mawps_addsub_question_answering
task865-e2d45af7407d4d78a71776aa6e1c8b38
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to apply addition or subtraction mathematical operators on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer. If Bob can make 100 feet of rope in 2 hours and Tim can make 75 feet of rope in 2 hours , how many feet of rope can Bob and Tim working together make in 4 hours ?
350
task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
task303-9782f0ec86364f25a9b740808895976d
In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. On Monday night at the CNN/Tea Party Republican Debate in Tampa, Florida, Gov. Rick Perry of Texas suggested that he couldn't be bought for a campaign contribution of $5,000. That raises the question: Is there a price at which Perry's loyalty is for sale? During the debate, House Tea Party Caucus founder and fellow presidential hopeful Rep. Michele Bachmann, R-Minnesota, alleged that campaign cash and connections to a major drug company played a pivotal role in Perry's executive order in February 2007 that mandated teenaged girls in Texas be inoculated against HPV, a virus that can cause cervical cancer. (The order was overturned by the legislature two months later and did not go into effect.)Sheila Krumholz, Michael Beckel say Rick Perry took heat over HPV vaccine positionThey say he claims $5,000 Merck contribution didn't influence his support for vaccineBut, they say, he's gotten $28,500 from Merck since 2001; his former aide lobbied for MerckWriters: Now ex-aide runs PAC to help fund Perry's campaign. What will donors want? Question:"The company was Merck, and it was a $5,000 contribution that I had received from them," _ responded.
Florida
task183_rhyme_generation
task183-80cc5e91af524719997a59b0f8d11360
Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No" fear
gear
task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
task405-710ec4a98db4486191977369e54fcb9d
You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning. A group of CIA officers watch a video presentation of a top-secret project called "Crossbow": a space shuttle mounted with a computer-guided laser weapon capable of incinerating a man on the ground with pinpoint accuracy. Researchers on the project have yet to devise a system to generate enough power to operate it. When it becomes clear that this weapon has no wartime applications and is intended solely for illegal assassinations, one agent decries the project as immoral and refuses to take part. The remaining agents discuss eliminating the dissenting agent before going to lunch. Professor Jerry Hathaway (Atherton) meets high school student Mitch Taylor (Jarret) at the school's science fair. He informs Mitch that he has been admitted to Pacific Technical University, where he will room with physics "legend" Chris Knight (Kilmer). Hathaway is secretly developing the laser for the CIA, but instead of doing the work himself he has his unpaid students do it, while misappropriating the project funding to remodel his house. Arriving on campus, Mitch meets Chris and is disappointed to learn that he is an irreverent slacker who spends his time pulling elaborate high tech pranks (such as covering the dorm floor in ice to go skating). Mitch also meets Jordan (Meyrink), a hyperkinetic female student, "Ick" Ikagami, a brilliant and affable foil to Chri's antics, and the mysterious Lazlo Hollyfeld (Jon Gries), a middle-aged man who seems to be living in Mitch's closet. Hathaway's sycophantic graduate assistant Kent (Prescott) becomes hostile when Hathaway puts Mitch in charge of the laser project. Under pressure to get results, Hathaway gives Chris an unrealistic timetable, which Chris dismisses. When Mitch is caught attending Chris' pool party instead of working in the lab, Hathaway berates him. The next day Mitch is mortified when a recording of his tearful phone call to his parents is played over a loudspeaker system during lunch, a prank conceived by Kent and his cronies. Humiliated, Mitch is ready to quit school. Chris convinces him to stay by explaining to him that Lazlo was the top genius at Pacific Tech in the 1970s, but suffered a breakdown when he learned that his theories were being used to build weapons. Chris tells Mitch that if he does not want to "crack" like Hollyfeld, he must learn to have fun, and the first order of business is to get even with Kent, calling it a "moral imperative" to do so. They accomplish this by disassembling Kent's car and rebuilding it inside his dorm room. Kent vows revenge. Under increasing pressure from the CIA, Hathaway berates Chris for failing to solve the laser power problem and promises to fail him and prevent him from graduating. After a pep-talk from Mitch, Chris devotes himself to solving the power problem and achieving a perfect score on Hathaway's final exam. Mitch is accosted by Sherry Nugel (D'arbanville), a beautiful older woman who seeks amorous encounters with the top ten geniuses in the country (which is revealed earlier when she seduces Chris). Mitch turns her down, realizing he's in love with Jordan, and the two become a couple. Though Chris aces Hathway's exam, Chris and Mitch's efforts appear to be ruined when Kent sabotages the laser. In a fit of anger at the laser's destruction, he has an epiphany that solves the power problem. The beam of the redesigned laser has unlimited range and produces an estimated six megawatts of power, exceeding the original requirement. While the team celebrates its success, Lazlo insists that the high-energy laser can only be used as a weapon, and in fact that it must have been conceived for this purpose. Chris is devastated. Hathaway has removed the laser from the lab. Chris, Mitch, Ick and Jordan trick Kent into revealing the date when the laser is going to be tested by placing a microphone in his braces and convincing him that God is talking to him. The group tails Hathaway to a nearby Air Force base. While Chris and Mitch talk their way onto the base, Lazlo remotely cracks the laser's computer and changes its target coordinates to Hathaway's house, where the team has placed a huge tin of popcorn. Meanwhile, Chris and Mitch remove some vital circuits that prevent the laser from overheating. When the laser beam hits the house, it is diffused by a prism placed by Chris and the popcorn heats and expands; the house bursts at the seams as popcorn pours out onto the lawn. Kent "rides" the flowing popcorn out of the front door unharmed and laughing, thinking the incident was religious in nature. The group, reveling in their success, greet an arriving Lazlo accompanied by Sherry Nugel, riding in a motor home pulling a trailer full of prizes from entering a sweepstakes earlier in the movie. He and Sherry indicate they intend to run off together as he is the genius she's been looking for all this time. The film closes with the group and neighborhood children eating the popcorn to the song "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" by the pop group Tears for Fears. Hathaway arrives home and in disbelief, assesses his ruined home.
Who sabatoges the laser that Chris and Mitch build?
task206_collatz_conjecture
task206-de94e870646f4e5a877240bebe17c0dd
In this task you will be given a list of integers. For every element in the list, if the element is even you should divide by two, if the element is odd you should multiply by three then add one. The output should be a list of integers that is the result of applying that logic to the input list. [162, 117, 196, 106, 11, 184, 26, 121]
[81, 352, 98, 53, 34, 92, 13, 364]
task293_storycommonsense_emotion_text_generation
task293-6bc35f6bcb87447d89eff388fd035fea
In this task, you're given a context, a sentence, and a character. The sentence describes an action or job of the given character. Also, the context provides more information about the sentence or the character. Your task is to return one of the emotions which are expressed by the Character in the given sentence. For that you can use the Context; however, Context is not provided in all the inputs. Also, in some inputs, there can be zero emotion; for that return 'None'. Context: Lee was getting older. He noticed that he was having a lot of aches and pains. He hated this about getting older. Sentence: He talked to his doctor about what to do. Character: Doctor
helpful
task518_emo_different_dialogue_emotions
task518-c45e49e5e42745deb7b9320660b85d62
In this task you will be given two dialogues. You need to determine if both dialogues have the same underlying emotion. The possible emotions are happy, sad, angry, or other. If they do output 'yes', if not output 'no'. Dialogue 1: 'you r so irritating why do you care enough to say that right i don't care'. Dialogue 2: 'why am i selfish rude am rude'.
yes
task504_count_all_alphabetical_elements_in_list
task504-b8bfe77832274b26952b6e5b06cb800d
In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the count of all the alphabetical elements in the given list. Return 0 if no alphabetical element in the list ['R', '7637', 'Q', '927', 'R', '4015', '479', 'C', 'w', '7911', 'x', '3463', '6377', '8917', 'M', '5663', '9745', 'p', 'p', '7995', '4899', '6565', 'W', 'c', 'z', 'G', '7073', '7833', 'T', 's', 'h', '9441', '2259', 'Q', '1473', '5715']
17
task1360_numer_sense_multiple_choice_qa_generation
task1360-04250bf9e0824957a1d5efbe66ad2968
Given a sentence with a missing word, pick the answer option that best fills out the missing word in the sentence. Indicate each answer with its index ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'). Harpists spend ninety percent of their lives tuning their harps and ____ percent playing out of tune.\Question: Choose the right answer from options given a) ten b) two c) nine d) three
a
task691_mmmlu_answer_generation_college_physics
task691-55ea9f16b83c42fe913d661caaba8bc7
You are given a question on college physics. You are also given 4 answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"), out of which only one is correct. You need to answer the question by selecting the correct option. You should only answer with the choice letter, not the whole answer. By definition, the electric displacement current through a surface S is proportional to the (A)rate of change of the electric flux through S (B)electric flux through S (C)time integral of the magnetic flux through S (D)rate of change of the magnetic flux through S
A
task094_conala_calculate_mean
task094-65c397a3bb9945309719b1bd6f1001bb
In this task you will be given a list of numbers and you need to find the mean (average) of that list. The mean of a list can be found by summing every number in the list then dividing the result by the size of that list. The output should be rounded to 3 decimal places. [-73.746, -57.239]
-65.492
task111_asset_sentence_simplification
task111-72886ac8b09c4099b3001825c7f6be3b
Rewrite each original sentence in order to make it easier to understand by non-native speakers of English. You can do so by replacing complex words with simpler synonyms (i.e. paraphrasing), deleting unimportant information (i.e. compression), and/or splitting a long complex sentence into several simpler ones. The final simplified sentences need to be grammatical, fluent, and retain the main ideas of their original counterparts without altering their meanings. R. M. Urquhart, Scottish Civic Heraldry, London, 1979 On the abolition of the district council in 1996, the arms reverted to the Crown.
On the abolition of the district council in 1996, the arms reverted to the Crown.
task507_position_of_all_numerical_elements_in_list
task507-ce53df6e30b0467c90006cbcce8d8b55
In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the position of all the numerical elements in the given list in order. Assume the position of the 1st element to be 1. Return -1 if no numerical element is in the list. ['C', 'Z', '3937', '6693', 'e', 'A', '3505', '4171', 's', 'T', '9761', '5169', '9315', '4321', 'X', '5161', '6127', 'S', 'p', 'w', '3373', '9507', '2415', 'h', '539', '437', 's', 'l', '7575', 'z', 'Z', '6067', 'q', 'l', '5965', 'P', '1627', '9299', 'G', '5315']
3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 37, 38, 40
task227_clariq_classification
task227-39e7cccbb6f04f1fbca09b6db6c08a38
In this task, you are given an ambiguous question/query (which can be answered in more than one way) and a clarification statement to understand the query more precisely. Your task to classify that if the given clarification accurately clarifies the given query or not and based on that provide 'Yes' or 'No'. Query: What to do in Arkansas Clarification: are you trying to find a contractor
No
task075_squad1.1_answer_generation
task075-754628fcf64843f3a3cc847886f4fc76
This task is about writing a correct answer for the reading comprehension task. Based on the information provided in a given passage, you should identify the shortest continuous text span from the passage that serves as an answer to the given question. Avoid answers that are incorrect or provides incomplete justification for the question. Passage: Pope Paul VI became the first reigning pontiff ever to visit the Americas when he flew to New York in October 1965 to address the United Nations. As a gesture of goodwill, the pope gave to the UN two pieces of papal jewelry, a diamond cross and ring, with the hopes that the proceeds from their sale at auction would contribute to the UN's efforts to end human suffering. During the pope's visit, as the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated under President Johnson, Paul VI pleaded for peace before the UN: Question: What group did Paul VI address in New York in 1965?
United Nations