syllogism stringlengths 22 281 | validity bool 2
classes | plausibility bool 2
classes | language stringclasses 12
values |
|---|---|---|---|
There are no vegetables that are fruits. It is also true that no minerals are vegetables. From this, it is suggested that some minerals are fruits. | false | false | English |
Anything that is a vehicle is also a machine. There is a subset of machines that are cars. Therefore, some cars are not vehicles. | false | false | English |
There are no universities which are plants. At least one tree is a plant. At least one tree is a university. | false | false | English |
It is true that some students are athletes. There are some tall people which are athletes. It logically follows that some tall people are not students. | false | true | English |
Nothing that can be considered a celestial body is an object that orbits a star. Every planet is an object that orbits a star. There exist no planets that are also celestial bodies. | true | false | English |
Every object that is a table is a type of furniture. There exist no pieces of furniture that are cars. From this, we must conclude that some cars are not tables. | true | true | English |
It is the case that no ghost is immortal. There is not a single human that is a ghost. It follows that no human is immortal. | false | true | English |
Anything that is a bird is not an animal. Of the items that are sparrows, some are animals. It must be the case that some sparrows are not birds. | true | false | English |
Reptiles are a class of animal which does not contain any amphibians. All things that are frogs are amphibians. The group of frogs and the group of reptiles have no members in common. | true | true | English |
There are no objects that are both tools and have handles. The entire set of objects with handles is composed of hammers. A portion of tools are hammers. | false | true | English |
The group of continents and the group of countries are mutually exclusive. Canada is not a continent. Therefore, Canada is a country. | false | true | English |
Not a single human is a tree. The entire set of trees is composed of women. It logically follows that some women are not human. | true | false | English |
There is no mammal that is a shark. Some of the sharks are fish. Therefore, some fish are not mammals. | true | true | English |
There are some band members who are singers. All band members are considered musicians. It follows that some musicians are singers. | true | true | English |
Every single bird is an animal. There are no animals that are minerals. This proves that some minerals are not birds. | true | true | English |
Among the people who are scientists, there are some who are also programmers. Of the people who are musicians, a number of them are programmers. It therefore stands that some people who are musicians are also scientists. | false | true | English |
Every bird is a fish. There are no fish which are sparrows. This necessarily suggests that some sparrows are not birds. | true | false | English |
There are no shirts which are vegetables. Some clothing is shirts. This implies that every piece of clothing is a vegetable. | false | false | English |
Every single house is a building. A few schools are classified as buildings. As a result, not all schools are houses. | false | true | English |
The set of humans is a subset of the set of mortals. At least one robot is not a mortal. There is at least one robot who is not a human. | false | true | English |
Every star is a luminous celestial body. There are some planets that are not luminous. It is the case that some planets are not stars. | true | true | English |
Chairs are in no way furniture. Everything that is a chair is an object. There are some objects that are not furniture. | true | false | English |
Some item that is an animal is not a mammal. Some dogs are mammals. Therefore, all dogs can be said to be animals. | false | true | English |
All of the things that are lions are felines. All of the things that are cats are felines. It can be deduced that there are cats that are lions. | false | true | English |
It is impossible for a spider to be a bird. A portion of spiders are considered arachnids. It is necessarily the case that some arachnids are not birds. | true | true | English |
Each bird is a vertebrate. Each bird is an animal that has wings. So, some animals with wings must be vertebrates. | true | true | English |
There are some capitals that are polluted. All capitals are, by definition, cities. One must conclude that some cities are polluted. | true | true | English |
There are some tables that are happiness. Anything that is happiness is an emotion. Consequently, some emotions are tables. | true | false | English |
Anything that is a puppy is venomous. A few puppies are kept as pets. This implies that a certain number of pets are venomous. | true | false | English |
There are some creatures that are mammals and also animals. Among the group of creatures that are tigers, some are animals. It follows that at least some tigers are not mammals. | false | false | English |
No vegetable is a type of meat. It is true that every single meat is a food. This proves that some vegetables are food. | false | true | English |
It is a fact that all mammals are animate objects. There are some animals which are zebras. Therefore, every single zebra is an animate object. | false | true | English |
It is the case that no insect is a mammal. Every single insect is an animal. For this reason, every animal is a mammal. | false | true | English |
Every object that is a car has an engine. Some motorized vehicles are cars. Therefore, all motorized vehicles have engines. | false | true | English |
It is true that anything that is an apple is an edible thing. Every apple is a fruit. It follows that some fruits are edible things. | false | true | English |
There exist some things which are rivers, that are not oceans. Anything that is a river is a body of water. A logical consequence of this is that some bodies of water are not oceans. | true | true | English |
Every bird is an animal. All humans are animals as well. Therefore, all humans must be birds. | false | false | English |
Hammers are items that are tools. It is the case that no glove is a tool. It can be concluded that no glove is a hammer. | true | true | English |
All things which are ghosts are scientific facts. All things which are ghosts are mythical beings. It follows that some mythical beings are scientific facts. | true | false | English |
Every object that is a flower is an animal. Anything that is a rose is an object that is a flower. This means that every rose is an animal. | true | false | English |
It is not true that any stationery item can be used for writing. All pencils are items of stationery. Therefore, no pencil is able to be used for writing. | true | false | English |
Every single apple is a vegetable. Anything that is an apple is a fruit. From this, it can be stated that some fruits are vegetables. | false | false | English |
There are no amphibians that do not live on both land and in water. Every single frog is an amphibian. There exists at least one frog that lives on land and in water. | true | true | English |
There are no roses that are vegetables. A certain quantity of roses are flowers. This logically implies that some flowers are not vegetables. | true | true | English |
Every feline is an animal. There is a subset of animals that is composed of mammals. A portion of mammals are not felines. | false | true | English |
No buildings are found within the group of plants. The category of trees is entirely made up of plants. Buildings and trees are completely separate categories. | true | true | English |
No gold is silver. Silver is, without exception, a metal. A number of metals are gold. | false | true | English |
Everything that is a planet is a celestial body. There are no things that are Earth that are not planets. Therefore, at least some Earth is a celestial body. | true | true | English |
It is true that no bird is an insect. Every single insect is a mammal. This proves that all mammals are birds. | false | false | English |
A computer is never a tablet. All of the tablets are, without exception, electronic devices. A subset of electronic devices is not composed of computers. | true | true | English |
It is not true that any input device is used for typing. Each and every keyboard is an input device. It is therefore a fact that no keyboard is used for typing. | true | false | English |
The group of birds is a subset of the group of creatures with feathers. At least one insect is not a creature with feathers. Not every insect is a bird. | false | false | English |
Every shoe is a type of footwear. Nothing that is a sandal is a type of footwear. It is the case that no sandal is a shoe. | true | false | English |
There are some vegetables which are apples. Everything that is an apple is an aquatic mammal. This necessitates that some aquatic mammals are vegetables. | true | false | English |
Anything which is an animal is a flightless thing. Every single bird is an animal. There are no birds that are not flightless. | false | false | English |
There exist no creatures that are both fish and reptiles. There are no lizards which are fish. It is therefore the case that some lizards are reptiles. | false | true | English |
Nothing that is a bird is also a mammal. It is known that some pets are mammals. Consequently, some pets are birds. | false | true | English |
All of the things that are windows are animals. All of the things that are doors are animals. It can be deduced that there are doors that are windows. | false | false | English |
It is a fact that every single soda is a liquid. Likewise, it is true that all water is liquid. Therefore, it has been asserted that every bit of water is soda. | false | false | English |
Every single liquid is wet. All solids are also wet. Therefore, nothing that is a solid is not a liquid. | false | false | English |
It is true that everything that is a sun is a star. It is also true that all stars are celestial bodies. Thus, it is concluded that all celestial bodies are suns. | false | false | English |
Anything that is a human is a mammal. There are some apes that are mammals. Some apes are not mammals. | false | false | English |
Every single fruit contains seeds. Anything that is an apple is a fruit. A number of apples contain seeds. | true | true | English |
None of the things that are shrubs are plants over 20 feet tall. Anything that belongs to the class of trees is a plant over 20 feet tall. Trees and shrubs do not belong to the same group. | true | true | English |
Some of the planets are animals. All animals are living things. As a result, some living things are planets. | true | false | English |
Every single priest is a person. All priests are human. It follows from this that every human is a person. | false | true | English |
A car is never an airplane. It is also the case that no boat is an airplane. Consequently, all boats are cars. | false | false | English |
There are no fish which are mammals. No cats are considered fish. Some felines are not mammals. | false | false | English |
It is a certainty that every single teacher is a human being. It is also true that a few educated people are human beings. On this basis, it has been stated that a few educated people are teachers. | false | true | English |
Nothing that is a robot is an organic being. Every single person who is a human is an organic being. It follows from this that there are a number of humans who are not robots. | true | true | English |
Anything that is a human is a mammal. Everything that is an ape is a mammal. No apes are mammals. | false | false | English |
Any object that is a body of water is a gas. Nothing that is an ocean is a gas. There exists at least one body of water which is not an ocean. | true | false | English |
There are no vegetables that can be described as fruits. Carrots are, in every instance, vegetables. Therefore, it is certain that no carrots are fruits. | true | true | English |
Every person who is a politician is a mortal. All mortals are humans. Consequently, every single human is a politician. | false | false | English |
There are no trees that are living organisms. Every single item which is a plant is a living organism. This implies that all plants are trees. | false | false | English |
Anything that is an oak is a plant. There are oaks that are trees. It must follow that every single tree is a plant. | false | true | English |
There are no trees that are also animals. Every single tree is a plant. It is the case that some plants fail to be animals. | true | true | English |
The set of stars and the set of celestial bodies that orbit other celestial bodies are mutually exclusive. Nothing that is a planet is a celestial body that orbits another celestial body. The entire group of planets consists of stars. | false | false | English |
Anything that is a fruit is not a baked good. All of the things that are apples are fruits. Thus, some of the things that are apples are not baked goods. | true | true | English |
Each and every kitchen is a room. Each and every kitchen is a place for cooking. This implies that some places for cooking are rooms. | true | true | English |
All fish are birds. It is true that no bird is aquatic. It follows that no aquatic thing is a fish. | true | false | English |
Anything that is a dog has fur. There are some poodles that are dogs. There are no poodles that do not have fur. | false | true | English |
The group of humans and the group of people have nothing in common. All of the things that are men are people. Men are not humans. | true | false | English |
All of the things that are robins are birds. There are no birds whatsoever that are fish. It logically follows that no fish are robins. | true | true | English |
It is a fact that every single dog is a mammal. Likewise, it is true that all poodles are mammals. Therefore, it has been asserted that every poodle is a dog. | false | true | English |
A creature that is a dog is never a mammal. Among the creatures that are dogs, a group are retrievers. One can infer from this that some retrievers are not mammals. | true | false | English |
There are people who are students. A few children are students. It follows, then, that some children are people. | false | true | English |
No car is a boat. Some vehicles are not cars. Therefore, all vehicles are boats. | false | false | English |
There are no cars that are boats. There is not a single ferry that is a car. Consequently, some ferries are boats. | false | true | English |
Every single vegetable is a plant. Anything that is a carrot is a vegetable. Therefore, all carrots are plants. | true | true | English |
There exist some apples that are fruits. Anything that is an apple is edible. Thus, some edible things are fruits. | true | true | English |
Every single creature that is a dog is also a mammal. There are some jack russels which are dogs. It necessarily follows that some jack russels are mammals. | true | true | English |
Every single dog is an animal. There are no zebras which are canines. It is the case that some zebra is an animal. | false | true | English |
There are no eagles that are mammals. Every single eagle is a bird. It is implied that some birds are not mammals. | true | true | English |
Every insect is an animal. All reptiles are animals. Consequently, every single reptile is an ant. | false | false | English |
Anything that is a liquid is a fluid. Every single gas is a fluid. This means that all gases are liquids. | false | false | English |
Every human is a being that has eyes. It is the case that no dog is a human. At least some dogs have eyes. | false | true | English |
Dogs are in no way mammals. Anything that is a dog is a canine. There are some canines that are not mammals. | true | false | English |
All machines are humans. There are at least a few students who are not humans. At least one student is a machine. | false | false | English |
Every single fish is a creature. Every bird is a creature. All birds are fish. | false | false | English |
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