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ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 18. In order to facilitate guidance, practical activities preparing for professional life may be organized within the school and possibly supplemented by visits or internships in companies. | ISC_23, O_VET, M_FORM, OWN_PPP, T_INI, INFRA_LABS, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_METHO, F_VET, CCUT_BUSI, POL_CUR, ACT_PRIV, ACT_EDUC, POP_YOUTH |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 19. Despite the inevitable difficulties this entails, means should be found to monitor the individuals who have been guided; such oversight would not only be beneficial to those concerned but would also contribute to the systematic and continuous evaluation and improvement of guidance methods; this work should be entru... | O_G, M_LL, T_EVAL, CUR_EVAL, PEDAG_ASSESS, F_SOCSCI, POL_GOV, SYST_RESEAR, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_STUD, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 20. Wherever psychological techniques are employed for school and career guidance, their application should be entrusted to individuals holding a qualification in psychology and having completed higher education studies. | ISC_5678, O_G, T_QUAL, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_FOUND, F_REL, POL_WELLB, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 21. When there are school and vocational guidance services operating outside the school system, responsibility for them should be entrusted to individuals who have completed higher education and hold a diploma certifying training in the fields of psychology and its applications, economics or social sciences, and issues... | ISC_5678, O_G, M_NFORM, OWN_COM, T_INI, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_FOUND, F_SOCSCI, CCUT_21ST, POL_TEACH, SYST_QUAL, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC, POP_YOUTH |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 22. In countries where vocational information and guidance are integrated into education, it is important that, in each school, one or more teaching staff members be trained for this work and be sufficiently knowledgeable about the various professions and the studies that prepare for them; furthermore, lessons on the p... | O_G, O_VET, M_FORM, M_LL, T_INI, T_PDEV, CUR_IMPL, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_TECH, PEDAG_LEARN, F_VET, CCUT_21ST, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC, ACT_PRIV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 23. In countries where guidance is a separate element of the educational program, although sometimes entrusted to certain teachers, it is essential that these teachers be properly prepared for this specialized task; a fair balance must be ensured between their role as counselor and their role as teacher, so that they c... | O_G, T_INI, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_TECH, PEDAG_LEARN, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 24. Guidance specialists must always perform their duties in close collaboration with the teaching staff, as well as with the school doctor, psychologist, and social worker. | T_OTHER, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_LEARN, F_REL, CCUT_21ST, POL_WELLB, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 25. Within the framework of a lower secondary education cycle designed as an orientation cycle, it is essential that the responsible personnel be familiar with the various techniques necessary to guide students towards the differentiated courses of the upper cycle. | ISC_2, ISC_3, O_G, M_FORM, T_INI, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_METHO, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC, ACT_STUD, POP_YOUTH |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 26. Since the methods of school and vocational guidance and information must be constantly renewed and updated, the personnel responsible for guidance should have sufficient resources and opportunities for professional development. | O_G, M_FORM, T_PDEV, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_LEARN, F_VET, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 27. Wherever school and vocational guidance services require the employment of specialized personnel who are not part of the teaching staff, it would be appropriate to establish a status regulating the terms of this profession and determining the salaries of such specialized personnel, taking into account the training ... | O_VET, T_STAT, CUR_OTHER, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_EDUC, ACT_PRIV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 28. The authorities and specialized organizations responsible for school and vocational guidance services should develop professional ethical standards to guide them in the performance of their duties and in their professional relationships. | O_G, M_FORM, T_STAT, CUR_OTHER, PEDAG_OTHER, F_REL, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 29. Countries lacking financial resources and qualified personnel to ensure the organization or development of school and vocational guidance should be able to receive, from other countries or international organizations, technical assistance in the form of experts, scholarships and travel grants, equipment, credits, e... | O_VET, T_SUPP, INFRA_OTHER, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_OTHER, F_VET, CCUT_FIN, POL_FIN, POL_TEACH, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_IO, ACT_GOV, POP_POOR |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 30. All countries, regardless of the nature or level of development of their guidance systems, stand to benefit from taking into account the experience of others; it is therefore important to facilitate, in addition to the exchange of publications, personal contacts through reciprocal visits, as well as through confere... | O_G, M_LL, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_LEARN, F_SOCSCI, CCUT_21ST, ACT_IO, ACT_GOV, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 31. It is advisable to recommend the continuation of comparative studies highlighting the similarities and differences between the guidance systems currently in place; while clarifying the situation, this type of research could suggest the introduction of useful improvements in existing systems. | O_G, T_OTHER, CUR_EVAL, PEDAG_FOUND, POL_CUR, SYST_RESEAR, ACT_IO |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 32. It is important that the text of this recommendation be widely disseminated by ministries of public education, school authorities, educational documentation centers, international and national vocational guidance associations, teachers’ and parents’ organizations, and the like; both official and private educational... | O_G, M_NFORM, OWN_PUB, OWN_PFP, OWN_COM, T_OTHER, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_OTHER, F_VET, F_PE, F_SOCSCI, POL_GOV, LAW_REG, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_GOV, ACT_EDUC, ACT_STUD, ACT_PARENT, ACT_CSO, ACT_IO |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 33. In countries where deemed necessary, Ministries of Public Education are invited to entrust the competent bodies with undertaking various tasks, for example: a) reviewing this recommendation and comparing its content with the existing legal and factual situation in their country; b) considering the advantages and di... | OWN_PUB, CUR_IMPL, POL_GOV, SYST_QUAL, SYST_INST, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 34. The regional UNESCO centers are invited to facilitate, in collaboration with the relevant ministries, the review of this recommendation at the regional level with a view to its adaptation to the characteristics of the region. | CUR_EVAL, POL_GOV, SYST_INST, LAW_REG, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | The International Conference on Public Education, convened in Geneva by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the International Bureau of Education, and having met there on the first of July, nineteen hundred and sixty-three, in its twenty-sixth session, adopts on the twelfth of July,... | LAW_INTER |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Considering that the shortage of primary school teachers and the resulting recruitment crisis are being felt in the vast majority of countries, | ISC_1, T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Considering that this shortage of primary school teachers not only constitutes an obstacle to the quantitative development of schooling but also dangerously affects the quality of education, | ISC_1, T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Considering that the recruitment crisis affecting primary education has serious consequences for all countries, particularly for those that have not yet reached the stage of compulsory schooling, | ISC_1, T_RECR, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_GOV, POP_ALL |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Considering that, in most developing countries, primary school teachers will have a leading role with regard to the development of communities located in rural areas, | ISC_1, T_INI, T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, ACT_EDUC, POP_RUR |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Considering that it is of utmost urgency to thoroughly analyze the causes of all kinds as well as the extent and characteristics of the teacher shortage in each of the affected countries, | T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Considering the intensity of educational needs and the continuous growth of school populations evident in all countries worldwide, | ISC_0, M_LL, OWN_PUB, CUR_DVPMT, POL_QUAL, SYST_STAT, POP_ALL |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Considering that, among the measures to be contemplated to address the shortage of primary school teachers, priority should be given to those that present the least disadvantages in terms of the quality of education, | ISC_1, T_SUPP, POL_QUAL, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Considering its previous recommendations, notably Recommendations Nos. 36, 37, and 55, adopted during its sixteenth and twenty-fifth sessions, concerning respectively the training of primary teaching staff, the situation of primary teaching staff, and the further training of serving primary teachers, | ISC_1, T_INI, T_STAT, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_LEARN, POL_TEACH, LAW_INTER, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Considering that, despite similar aspirations, different countries must bring different solutions to the problem of the shortage of primary schoolteachers, | ISC_1, T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Submits to the Ministries of Public Education of the various countries the following recommendation: Study of the causes of the shortage of primary school teachers. | ISC_1, T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, SYST_QUAL, LAW_REG, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 1. Measures taken to remedy the shortage of primary school teachers must be based on objective data derived from research and scientific studies dedicated to the economic, social, and cultural causes underlying this shortage, as well as on the inherent advantages and disadvantages of each solution, particularly regardi... | T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, SYST_RESEAR, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 2. In all countries suffering from a shortage of primary school teachers, and especially in those where it constitutes a serious threat to the development and effectiveness of primary education, it is essential to conduct such studies by involving all bodies capable of contributing their collaboration. | ISC_1, T_SUPP, POL_GOV, ACT_EDUC, ACT_IO |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 3. In countries that have one or more bodies responsible for educational planning, such bodies appear to be best positioned to undertake or commission such studies and to consider the implementation of the necessary measures. | CUR_DVPMT, POL_GOV, SYST_RESEAR, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 4. Given the complexity of the issue, studies on the nature and evolution of the primary school teacher shortage cannot be limited to investigating causes of a purely educational nature and should also take into account other factors that may likewise contribute to this shortage. | ISC_1, T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, SYST_RESEAR, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 5. It is also necessary to seek to determine whether each of the identified causes is permanent or temporary, the relationships that may exist between them, and the likely direction their development will take: whether a trend towards worsening, stabilization, or resolution. | PEDAG_ASSESS, F_SOCSCI, CCUT_21ST, POL_GOV, SYST_OTHER |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 6. The demographic situation constitutes one of the essential points on which any preliminary study of the shortage of primary school teachers must focus; it is therefore necessary to assess the extent to which the recruitment crisis is linked to variations in the birth rate and population movements, and to consider th... | ISC_1, T_RECR, POL_GOV, ACT_STUD, ACT_PRIV, POP_ALL |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 7. In countries where the principle of compulsory schooling is not fully implemented, such studies on the shortage of primary school teachers must also determine the extent to which this shortage is likely to hinder or delay its realization. | ISC_1, T_SUPP, POL_GOV, POL_TEACH, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 8. As for the countries where the extension of compulsory schooling constitutes one of the determining causes of the shortage of primary school teachers, they must undertake an analysis of the resulting needs for teachers. | ISC_1, T_SUPP, CUR_DVPMT, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 9. The living conditions provided to male and female primary school teachers, along with their often insufficient remuneration, are frequently considered one of the main causes of the shortage of primary school teachers; therefore, it is appropriate to promptly undertake studies comparing the situation of primary schoo... | ISC_1, T_COND, T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, ACT_EDUC, ACT_STUD |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 10. Since the shortage of teachers may manifest itself very unevenly within the same country, it is appropriate to consider studying its distribution either by regions or by urban or rural zones, and even within each of these zones; furthermore, it is important to determine whether it is more or less pronounced among m... | T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 11. It will ultimately be necessary to investigate other causes which, while not as broadly applicable as those listed above, may nevertheless play a role in the recruitment crisis affecting certain countries, such as the extension of the duration of study for teaching candidates, the reduction in class size, the decre... | ISC_1, ISC_2, ISC_3, T_RECR, T_COND, T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, ACT_EDUC, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Measures aimed at improving the situation of teachers 12. As long as primary school teachers in certain countries do not experience living conditions that correspond to their qualifications and responsibilities, difficulties in recruitment or a lack of interest in the teaching profession should be expected; therefore, ... | T_COND, T_STAT, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 13. The improvement of the material conditions of teachers is all the more justified in the eyes of those responsible for financing education since, according to unanimous opinion, investment in education now constitutes a fundamental element closely linked to the economic and social development of peoples. | T_COND, POL_FIN, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_GOV, ACT_IO |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 14. It is essential that all countries establish a statute concerning the economic, social, and professional conditions of teaching staff, a statute that can only greatly contribute to securing the rightful place of primary school teachers within the community. | T_COND, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 15. It is furthermore important that, wherever the status of teachers and the conditions of social security (health insurance, life insurance, retirement conditions, etc.) reveal the disadvantaged situation of teaching staff compared to other categories of public services, this detrimental inequality be eliminated as s... | OWN_PUB, T_COND, T_STAT, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_EDUC, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 16. In countries where the shortage of primary school teachers is particularly acute in rural areas or isolated regions, it is appropriate to offer rural teachers compensatory incentives: special allowances, limitation of the duration of stay in isolated or unhealthy regions, housing and supply facilities, free transpo... | T_COND, T_SUPP, INFRA_TRANS, INFRA_BUILD, INFRA_WASH, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_EDUC, ACT_STUD, ACT_PARENT, POP_RUR |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Measures Intended to Facilitate the Training AND RECRUITMENT OF TEACHERS 17. The maintenance of a necessary balance between current and future needs for teachers and the capacity to provide their regular training must be a constant concern of educational authorities; in particular, in countries where the shortage of pr... | T_INI, T_RECR, POL_TEACH, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 18. Since the shortage of primary school teachers is most frequently felt in rural areas, it is desirable that training institutions be established in these zones, with the understanding that their programs should take into account the characteristics of the environment specific to each region, without ever being infer... | ISC_1, M_FORM, OWN_PUB, T_INI, T_PDEV, PEDAG_LEARN, POL_TEACH, SYST_INST, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC, ACT_PARENT, POP_RUR |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 19. Where the teaching profession attracts an insufficient number of candidates, it is desirable that the authorities responsible for the recruitment of student teachers, as well as professional associations and the teachers themselves, organize campaigns aimed at better publicizing the characteristics of this professi... | M_NFORM, T_RECR, PEDAG_LEARN, F_REL, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC, ACT_STUD, ACT_IO, ACT_PARENT |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 20. It is important to closely monitor the experiments conducted in certain countries aimed at facilitating access to pedagogical studies for workers and employees, whether through evening teacher training colleges, training centers operating according to a suitable schedule, correspondence or radio courses, practical ... | ISC_1, O_G, M_FORM, M_INFORM, OWN_PUB, T_INI, T_SUPP, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_TECH, PEDAG_METHO, PEDAG_ASSESS, F_LITE, F_VET, CCUT_INCL, POL_CUR, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC, ACT_PRIV, POP_ADUL |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 21. An effective means of promoting the recruitment of candidates for primary education appears to be the provision of material assistance to student teachers: free tuition and materials, the awarding of scholarships, reduction or waiver of boarding fees, allowances intended to compensate for lost earnings or provide a... | ISC_1, M_FORM, OWN_PUB, T_RECR, INFRA_OTHER, POL_FIN, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_STUD, POP_ALL |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Emergency measures for accelerated training, IMPROVEMENT, AND RECRUITMENT OF TEACHERS 22. Despite its obvious shortcomings, the so-called accelerated or emergency training must be accepted in certain countries as a provisional solution until the cadres who have received regular training are completed; teachers who have... | M_NFORM, T_RECR, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_LEARN, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 23. As far as possible, the admission requirements for candidates to accelerated training should not be lower than those required in standard teacher training institutions. | M_FORM, T_INI, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 24. It is the duration of studies that distinguishes so-called emergency training from regular pedagogical courses; therefore, the duration of studies planned in emergency training should be reduced as little as possible. | ISC_1, O_G, M_FORM, T_INI, CUR_ORG, PEDAG_FOUND, F_VET, POL_CUR, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 25. Particular attention should be given to the development of the curriculum and programs for accelerated courses; a rigorous selection of the subjects taught and their content will allow the elimination of knowledge deemed secondary, retaining only the essentials necessary to confer formative value to this intensive ... | ISC_23, O_G, M_FORM, T_INI, T_QUAL, CUR_DVPMT, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_METHO, PEDAG_FOUND, F_LITE, CCUT_21ST, POL_CUR, POL_TEACH, SYST_QUAL, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC, POP_ADUL |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | In many cases, school authorities have been forced to resort to teachers who have received no professional training; however, it must be understood that this exceptional measure can only be a temporary expedient, especially in countries that have other means to address the shortage of primary school teachers. | ISC_1, T_INI, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 27. When the use of teachers without any professional training proves unavoidable, great care should be taken in the selection of candidates; it is essential that candidates possess a good general education and, demonstrating the required pedagogical aptitudes, feel attracted to teaching; candidates should have the opp... | O_G, M_FORM, T_INI, T_PDEV, PEDAG_LEARN, F_LITE, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_EDUC, ACT_STUD |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 28. For the training of teachers who have not yet received any professional preparation, school authorities will need to choose the formula that best suits their country: regular courses, vacation courses, correspondence courses, seminars, internships, demonstrations, etc.; all facilities should be provided so that tea... | M_FORM, M_LL, OWN_PUB, T_INI, T_PDEV, INFRA_OTHER, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_LEARN, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 29. Teachers who have successfully completed an accelerated training course equivalent in level to a regular training course should be entitled to the same status and treatment as duly qualified teachers; those who, while following an accelerated training course, do not reach the level of a regular training course but ... | M_FORM, T_INI, T_PDEV, PEDAG_LEARN, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES 30. When there is an excessively marked imbalance in the recruitment of teachers of either sex, appropriate measures (such as awareness campaigns) must be taken to address this issue; among the measures recommended to counter the shortage of primary school teachers is the possibility of allowing ... | ISC_1, T_RECR, T_SUPP, PEDAG_LEARN, CCUT_INCL, POL_EQUIT, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_STUD, ACT_EDUC, POP_WOM |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 31. The re-employment of certain retirees appears, insofar as their intellectual capacities and health condition permit, to be one of the measures that can help address the shortage of primary school teachers; in countries suffering from such a shortage where teachers have the opportunity to retire at an age when they ... | T_SUPP, POL_TEACH, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | — 182 — 32. Certain measures of school organization that can help improve the utilization of available teaching staff should be adopted where they appear appropriate; these measures notably include the restructuring of school districts, the consolidation of small schools when transportation means or the establishment o... | M_FORM, T_COND, T_SUPP, INFRA_TRANS, INFRA_OTHER, CUR_ORG, PEDAG_METHO, POL_GOV, POL_TEACH, SYST_INST, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 33. In cases of extreme necessity, primary school teachers specialized in the teaching of a single subject should be provided with the means to further their training so that they can deliver a more general education. | ISC_1, O_G, T_INI, T_PDEV, PEDAG_LEARN, F_LITE, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 34. To address the shortage of primary school teachers, it would be advisable to consider the implementation of new teaching methods that require fewer teachers than traditional methods, such as the monitor system and programmed instruction. | ISC_1, T_SUPP, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_METHO, POL_TEACH, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 35. Like many countries, evening classes for adults could be entrusted to primary school teachers in return for a special allowance that would help improve their material situation; where qualifications are equal, preference should be given to serving primary school teachers. | ISC_1, M_FORM, OWN_PUB, T_COND, T_INI, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_TECH, F_LITE, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC, ACT_STUD, POP_ADUL |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 36. In countries where the desire to rapidly universalize primary education has necessitated recourse to special measures such as increasing the number of pupils per class or per teacher, reducing the attendance hours of pupils at school, or adopting a system of alternating classes, it is important that these measures ... | ISC_1, M_FORM, T_COND, CUR_ORG, PEDAG_METHO, POL_GOV, LAW_RIGHTS, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_EDUC, ACT_STUD, POP_ALL |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION 37. Any technical and financial assistance enabling the establishment of new primary teacher training institutions constitutes one of the most effective means of combating the shortage of teaching staff, particularly in countries where the universalization of compulsory schooling has not yet... | ISC_1, OWN_PPP, T_SUPP, PEDAG_LEARN, POL_TEACH, LAW_REG, ACT_PRIV, ACT_IO |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 38. It is desirable that international educational organizations such as UNESCO continue the experience already successfully undertaken in certain developing countries facing a shortage of teaching staff by providing, upon request, experts tasked with studying the various aspects of the problem and recommending the mos... | M_FORM, M_NFORM, OWN_PUB, T_SUPP, T_PDEV, CUR_IMPL, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_TECH, POL_TEACH, SYST_RESEAR, LAW_REG, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_IO, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 39. Technical assistance should focus on the professional development of teachers and on the necessity for each developing country to meet its own needs; despite the undeniable benefits of international exchanges of teachers in cases where it is necessary to employ foreign teaching staff, this measure should be accompa... | M_FORM, OWN_PUB, T_PDEV, T_INI, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_LEARN, POL_TEACH, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | Implementation of this recommendation 40. It is essential that the text of this recommendation be widely distributed by the ministries of public education, the educational authorities at the level of instruction most directly concerned, educational documentation centers, international and national associations of teach... | ISC_1, ISC_2, ISC_3, ISC_5678, M_NFORM, M_LL, OWN_PUB, OWN_PFP, T_OTHER, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_OTHER, F_REL, POL_GOV, POL_WELLB, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_GOV, ACT_EDUC, ACT_PARENT, ACT_IO, ACT_OTHER |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 41. In countries where it is deemed necessary, the ministries of public education are invited to commission the competent bodies to undertake various tasks, for example: a) to review this recommendation and compare its content with the existing legal and factual situation in their country; b) to consider the advantages... | OWN_PUB, CUR_EVAL, POL_GOV, SYST_QUAL, LAW_IMPLEM, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-26-1963_RES1-FR | 42. The UNESCO regional centers are invited to facilitate, in collaboration with the relevant ministries, the regional-level review of this recommendation with a view to adapting it to the characteristics of the region. | OWN_PUB, CUR_EVAL, POL_GOV, SYST_INST, LAW_REG, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | The International Conference on Public Instruction, having met on July 12, 1965, in its twenty-eighth session, adopts on July 23, 1965, the following recommendation: The Conference, | OWN_PUB, LAW_INTER |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering that the knowledge of one or more modern languages is part of the general culture and intellectual education of the student, at least on an equal footing with other subjects included in the secondary school curriculum, and that, in many countries, at least one foreign language constitutes an essential tool ... | ISC_3, ISC_23, O_G, M_FORM, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_FOUND, F_LITE, POL_CUR, LAW_REG, ACT_STUD, POP_ALL |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering that it is up to the peoples themselves to choose the foreign languages that should be taught, | OWN_COM, CUR_CONTENT, F_LITE, CCUT_GCITIZ, POL_INTCOOP, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_STUD |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Whereas, however, in countries where the indigenous language has not hitherto been the language of instruction, it is necessary primarily to contribute to the development of the national languages, to their emancipation, and to the strengthening of their position in international relations, | M_NFORM, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_FOUND, F_LITE, CCUT_GCITIZ, POL_INCL, LAW_INTER, ACT_GOV, POP_INDIG |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering that the knowledge of a foreign language, as well as that of the literature, history, civilization, and way of life specific to the countries where it is spoken, can have a significant influence on the improvement of international understanding and cooperation among peoples, | O_G, M_LL, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_FOUND, F_LITE, F_SOCSCI, CCUT_GCITIZ, LAW_INTER, ACT_IO |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering that the development of international relations in all fields and the improvement of means of transport and communication constantly increase the practical necessity of knowing at least one foreign language and being able to use it with ease, | M_LL, CUR_DVPMT, F_LITE, CCUT_DIGIT, ACT_IO |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering that the knowledge of foreign languages accelerates the dissemination of scientific and technical discoveries and, as a result, effectively contributes to the economic and cultural development of countries, | O_G, CUR_CONTENT, F_LITE, F_SCI, CCUT_DIGIT, POL_GOV, ACT_IO |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering that means of information, such as cinema, radio, and television, bring countries within each other's reach and that both young people and adults have access to these various means, | M_LL, INFRA_ICT, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_TECH, F_LITE, CCUT_DIGIT, POL_INTCOOP, POP_YOUTH, POP_ADUL |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering that opportunities for studying abroad and exchanges of students and specialists between countries that do not share the same language are also increasing in number, | M_LL, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_TECH, F_LITE, CCUT_DIGIT, LAW_INTER, ACT_STUD, POP_ALL |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering that it is necessary to modernize the methods and means of teaching modern languages, taking into account the development of knowledge and technology, | O_G, M_FORM, T_INI, INFRA_ICT, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_METHO, PEDAG_TECH, F_LITE, CCUT_DIGIT, POL_INNOV, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering the numerous recommendations made on the teaching of modern languages by various organizations, notably by the International Conference on Public Instruction in recommendation No. 11 adopted in 1937 during its sixth session, | O_G, M_FORM, OWN_PUB, T_INI, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_FOUND, F_LITE, POL_CUR, LAW_INTER, ACT_IO |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Considering that, to meet similar aspirations, different countries must provide different solutions to the problem of teaching modern languages in secondary schools, | ISC_2, ISC_3, O_G, M_FORM, OWN_PUB, T_INI, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_METHO, F_LITE, POL_CUR, LAW_REG, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | Submits to the Ministries of Public Instruction of the various countries the following recommendation: | M_FORM, OWN_PUB, CUR_DVPMT, POL_GOV, LAW_REG, ACT_GOV |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | I. THE PLACE RESERVED FOR THE TEACHING OF MODERN LANGUAGES | O_G, M_FORM, INFRA_CLASS, CUR_CONTENT, F_LITE, POL_CUR, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 1. The place given to the teaching of modern languages depends on the specific situation of each country; it is nevertheless recommended that the study of at least one foreign language is included in the curriculum of all grades in all types of secondary schools. | ISC_2, ISC_3, O_G, M_FORM, T_INI, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_METHO, F_LITE, CCUT_DIGIT, POL_CUR, LAW_REG, ACT_GOV, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 2. The choice of the first foreign language can generally be determined by cultural, geographical, ethnic, economic, or other considerations; when a second foreign language is taught, it would be desirable, whenever resources permit, that students have the option to choose among several languages based on their own int... | CUR_CONTENT, F_LITE, POL_GOV, ACT_STUD |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 3. It is recommended that the study of a second foreign language should only begin once the fundamental linguistic structures of the first language have been acquired. | ISC_1, O_G, M_FORM, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_FOUND, F_LITE, POL_CUR, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 4. Since the study of foreign languages in secondary schools should not be limited to an elementary introduction, it is recommended that sufficient time be allocated to it in the weekly schedule. | ISC_2, ISC_3, O_G, M_FORM, CUR_ORG, PEDAG_METHO, F_LITE, POL_CUR, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC, POP_CHILD |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 5. The effectiveness of teaching a foreign language being primarily dependent on the interest shown by the students, it would be appropriate to stimulate this interest by granting, among other measures, a suitable place to the modern language examination in the various secondary education assessments. | ISC_2, ISC_3, O_G, M_FORM, T_OTHER, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_ASSESS, F_LITE, CCUT_21ST, POL_QUAL, SYST_ASSESS, LAW_REG, ACT_STUD, POP_YOUTH |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 6. In the context of the increasing specialization occurring at the beginning of the upper cycle of secondary schools, it is recommended to establish sections that include in-depth study of several foreign languages and award diplomas equivalent to those of other sections. | ISC_3, O_G, M_FORM, CUR_CONTENT, F_LITE, POL_CUR, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 7. Given the ease with which young children acquire languages and the benefits this learning presents for the study of foreign languages in secondary schools, it would be appropriate to encourage initiatives aimed at enabling the teaching of a foreign language before the start of secondary education, while taking all n... | ISC_1, ISC_2, O_G, M_FORM, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_FOUND, F_LITE, CCUT_DIGIT, POL_CUR, ACT_STUD, ACT_EDUC, POP_YOUTH |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | II. AIMS, PROGRAMMES, AND METHODS | O_All, M_FORM, T_INI, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_METHO, POL_CUR |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 8. The objectives of teaching modern languages are both formative, educational, and practical; the intellectual education represented by learning a language must not come at the expense of the practical use of that language; similarly, practical applications should not hinder the thorough study of the language in its l... | ISC_1, O_G, M_FORM, T_INI, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_ASSESS, F_LITE, CCUT_21ST, POL_CUR, LAW_RIGHTS, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 9. The teaching of modern languages is not an end in itself; rather, through its cultural and human aspects, it must serve the development of the mind and character and contribute to a better international understanding and the establishment of peaceful and friendly cooperation among peoples. | O_G, M_LL, T_OTHER, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_FOUND, F_LITE, F_SOCSCI, CCUT_GCITIZ, POL_INTCOOP, LAW_INTER, ACT_EDUC, ACT_IO |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 10. It follows that alongside the oral and written study of the language itself, curricula must include not only literature but also objective information about the civilization of the countries where the language is spoken, while taking into account the intellectual capacities and interests of the students. | ISC_1, O_G, M_FORM, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_FOUND, F_LITE, CCUT_GCITIZ, POL_CUR, ACT_STUD, POP_ALL |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 11. Official guidelines regarding the choice of methods, techniques, and textbooks should, while directing the work of teachers, allow them sufficient room for freedom and initiative, compatible with recognized valid methods, in order to progressively improve the methods and textbooks used in the teaching of modern lan... | O_G, M_FORM, T_STAT, T_PDEV, INFRA_TLM, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_METHO, F_LITE, CCUT_21ST, POL_TEACH, POL_CUR, LAW_REG, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 12. The various active methods, which have long proven effective, appear to be the most suitable for acquiring a foreign language. New techniques for teaching modern languages, as well as programmed instruction, should be subject to study, research, and experimentation to ensure their appropriate and effective use. | M_FORM, T_INI, CUR_CONTENT, CUR_IMPL, PEDAG_METHO, PEDAG_TECH, F_LITE, POL_CUR, SYST_RESEAR, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | What is above all important is that the learning of the spoken language precedes that of the written language and that a significant emphasis be placed, from the outset, on listening, pronunciation, and conversation exercises, making as little use as possible of the mother tongue or the language of instruction. | ISC_1, M_INFORM, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_METHO, F_LITE, CCUT_21ST, POL_CUR, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 14. Nonetheless, grammar and syntax, as well as spelling, must not be neglected; efforts should be made to teach them in such a way that, far from being an end in themselves, they contribute to developing the correct use of the foreign language, both spoken and written. | ISC_1, O_G, M_FORM, T_INI, CUR_CONTENT, PEDAG_METHO, F_LITE, CCUT_21ST, POL_CUR, ACT_EDUC |
ICPE-28-1965_RES1-FR | 15. The importance of research and experiments aimed at determining the most effective methods and modalities for teaching foreign languages within a given school system must not be underestimated; the specific characteristics of the environment and the students' mother tongue must be taken into account. | O_G, M_FORM, T_PDEV, INFRA_LABS, CUR_DVPMT, PEDAG_METHO, F_LITE, POL_CUR, SYST_RESEAR, ACT_EDUC |
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