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11,709,317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioWeb	The BioWeb is the connotation for a network of web-enabled biological devices (e.g. trees, plants, and flowers) which extends an internet of things to the Internet of Living Things of natural sensory devices. The BioWeb devices give insights to real-time ecological data and feedback to changes in the environment. The b...	BioWeb	[ "Biology" ]	230	[ "nan", "Biotechnology" ]
11,710,342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perenniporia%20piceicola	Perenniporia piceicola is a species of poroid crust fungus that is found on fallen spruce in Yunnan province, China. Basidiocarps are corky in texture, or more across with a characteristic pale yellow pore surface. The basidiospores are ellipsoid and hyaline and very large for the genus, up to 13 μm in length. Refere...	Perenniporia piceicola	[ "Biology" ]	103	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,710,718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well%20drainage	Well drainage means drainage of agricultural lands by wells. Agricultural land is drained by pumped wells (vertical drainage) to improve the soils by controlling water table levels and soil salinity. Introduction Subsurface (groundwater) drainage for water table and soil salinity in agricultural land can be done by ho...	Well drainage	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	974	[ "Hydrology", "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering", "Hydraulic engineering", "Hydrogeology" ]
11,710,987	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perenniporia%20podocarpi	Perenniporia podocarpi is a species of resupinate (encrusting) polypore. It occurs widely but uncommonly on the New Zealand endemic podocarps Dacrydium cupressinum and Prumnopitys taxifolia. Basidiocarps are dimitic and grow up to 9 cm across, thick and cushion-like with a distinctive white or very pale cream spore sur...	Perenniporia podocarpi	[ "Biology" ]	154	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,711,216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinsel%20wire	Tinsel wire is a type of electrical wire used for applications that require high mechanical flexibility but low current-carrying capacity. Tinsel wire is commonly used in cords of telephones, handsets, headphones, and small electrical appliances. It is far more resistant to metal fatigue failure than either stranded wi...	Tinsel wire	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	408	[ "Electrical systems", "Building engineering", "Physical systems", "Electrical engineering", "Electrical wiring" ]
11,711,579	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salamandrella%20keyserlingii	Salamandrella keyserlingii, the Siberian salamander, is a species of salamander found in Northeast Asia. It lives in wet woods and riparian groves. Distribution It is found primarily in Siberia east of the Sosva River and the Urals, in the East Siberian Mountains, including the Verkhoyansk Range, northeast to the Ana...	Salamandrella keyserlingii	[ "Chemistry" ]	620	[ "Cryozoa", "Cryobiology" ]
11,711,647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife%20of%20Mauritania	Mauritania's wildlife has two main influences as the country lies in two biogeographic realms. The north sits in the Palearctic which extends south from the Sahara to roughly 19° north latitude and the south is in the Afrotropic realm. Additionally, Mauritania is an important wintering area for numerous birds which mig...	Wildlife of Mauritania	[ "Biology" ]	1,062	[ "Biota by country", "Biota of Mauritania", "Wildlife by country" ]
11,711,952	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor%20node	A sensor node (also known as a mote in North America), consists of an individual node from a sensor network that is capable of performing a desired action such as gathering, processing or communicating information with other connected nodes in a network. History Although wireless sensor networks have existed for decad...	Sensor node	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,724	[ "Computer networking", "Computer engineering", "Embedded systems", "Wireless networking", "Wireless sensor network", "Computer systems", "Computer science" ]
11,712,041	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife%20of%20Senegal	The wildlife of Senegal consists of the flora and fauna of this nation in West Africa. Senegal has a long Atlantic coastline and a range of habitat types, with a corresponding diversity of plants and animals. Senegal has 188 species of mammals and 674 species of bird. Geography Senegal is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean...	Wildlife of Senegal	[ "Biology" ]	1,208	[ "Biota by country", "Wildlife by country", "Biota of Senegal" ]
11,712,109	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife%20of%20Mozambique	The wildlife of Mozambique consists of the flora and fauna of this country in southeastern Africa. Mozambique has a range of different habitat types and an ecologically rich and diverse wildlife. This includes 236 species of mammal, 740 species of bird and 5,692 species of vascular plant. The Maputaland-Pondoland-Alban...	Wildlife of Mozambique	[ "Biology" ]	1,762	[ "Biota by country", "Wildlife by country", "Biota of Mozambique" ]
11,712,329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onshore%20%28hydrocarbons%29	Onshore, when used in relation to hydrocarbons, refers to an oil, natural gas or condensate field that is under the land or to activities or operations carried out in relation to such a field. Onshore may also refer to processes that take place on land that are associated with oil, gas or condensate production that ha...	Onshore (hydrocarbons)	[ "Chemistry" ]	518	[ "Petroleum stubs", "Petroleum industry", "Petroleum", "Chemical process engineering", "Petroleum geology" ]
11,712,344	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore%20%28hydrocarbons%29	"Offshore", when used in relation to hydrocarbons, refers to operations undertaken at, or under the, sea in association with an oil, natural gas or condensate field that is under the seabed, or to activities carried out in relation to such a field. Offshore is part of the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. ...	Offshore (hydrocarbons)	[ "Chemistry" ]	494	[ "Petroleum stubs", "Petroleum industry", "Petroleum", "Chemical process engineering", "Petroleum geology" ]
11,713,215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Mazya	Vladimir Gilelevich Maz'ya (; born 31 December 1937) (the family name is sometimes transliterated as Mazya, Maz'ja or Mazja) is a Russian-born Swedish mathematician, hailed as "one of the most distinguished analysts of our time" and as "an outstanding mathematician of worldwide reputation", who strongly influenced the ...	Vladimir Mazya	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,625	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysts" ]
314,366	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-infinity%20methods%20in%20control%20theory	H∞ (i.e. "H-infinity") methods are used in control theory to synthesize controllers to achieve stabilization with guaranteed performance. To use H∞ methods, a control designer expresses the control problem as a mathematical optimization problem and then finds the controller that solves this optimization. H∞ technique...	H-infinity methods in control theory	[ "Mathematics" ]	886	[ "Applied mathematics", "Control theory", "Dynamical systems" ]
314,383	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supertask	In philosophy, a supertask is a countably infinite sequence of operations that occur sequentially within a finite interval of time. Supertasks are called hypertasks when the number of operations becomes uncountably infinite. A hypertask that includes one task for each ordinal number is called an ultratask. The term "su...	Supertask	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,182	[ "Supertasks", "Mathematical objects", "Infinity" ]
314,402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20oxygen	Liquid oxygen, sometimes abbreviated as LOX or LOXygen, is a clear cyan liquid form of dioxygen . It was used as the oxidizer in the first liquid-fueled rocket invented in 1926 by Robert H. Goddard, an application which is ongoing. Physical properties Liquid oxygen has a clear cyan color and is strongly paramagnetic: ...	Liquid oxygen	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,082	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Phases of matter", "Cryogenics", "Oxidizing agents", "Rocket oxidizers", "Industrial gases", "Chemical process engineering", "Matter", "Liquids" ]
314,425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrel%20shifter	A barrel shifter is a digital circuit that can shift a data word by a specified number of bits without the use of any sequential logic, only pure combinational logic, i.e. it inherently provides a binary operation. It can however in theory also be used to implement unary operations, such as logical shift left, in cases...	Barrel shifter	[ "Mathematics" ]	843	[ "Functions and mappings", "Unary operations", "Mathematical objects", "Binary operations", "Binary relations", "Computer arithmetic", "Arithmetic", "Mathematical relations", "Binary arithmetic" ]
314,428	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupie	A groupie is a fan of a particular musical group who follows the band around while they are on tour or who attends as many of their public appearances as possible, with the hope of meeting them. The term is used mostly describing young women, and sometimes men, who follow these individuals aiming to gain fame of their ...	Groupie	[ "Biology" ]	3,014	[ "Human sexuality", "Behavior", "Human behavior", "Sexuality" ]
314,461	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabes%20dorsalis	Tabes dorsalis is a late consequence of neurosyphilis, characterized by the slow degeneration (specifically, demyelination) of the neural tracts primarily in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord (nerve root). These patients have lancinating nerve root pain which is aggravated by coughing, and features of sensory ...	Tabes dorsalis	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,058	[ "Histopathology", "Microscopy" ]
314,493	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6bius%20transformation	In geometry and complex analysis, a Möbius transformation of the complex plane is a rational function of the form of one complex variable ; here the coefficients , , , are complex numbers satisfying . Geometrically, a Möbius transformation can be obtained by first applying the inverse stereographic projection from t...	Möbius transformation	[ "Mathematics" ]	8,401	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical structures", "Lie groups", "Mathematical objects", "Algebraic structures", "Mathematical relations" ]
314,494	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libration	In lunar astronomy, libration is the cyclic variation in the apparent position of the Moon that is perceived by observers on the Earth observers and caused by changes between the orbital and rotational planes of the moon. It causes an observer to see slightly different hemispheres of the surface at different times. It ...	Libration	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,698	[ "Dynamics of the Solar System", "Solar System" ]
314,575	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octagon	In geometry, an octagon () is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon. A regular octagon has Schläfli symbol {8} and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t{4}, which alternates two types of edges. A truncated octagon, t{8} is a hexadecagon, {16}. A 3D analog of the octagon can be the rhombicuboctahedro...	Octagon	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,125	[ "Constructible polygons", "Planes (geometry)", "Euclidean plane geometry" ]
314,610	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble	A pebble is a clast of rock with a particle size of based on the Udden-Wentworth scale of sedimentology. Pebbles are generally considered larger than granules ( in diameter) and smaller than cobbles ( in diameter). A rock made predominantly of pebbles is termed a conglomerate. Pebble tools are among the earliest know...	Pebble	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	905	[ "Natural materials", "Materials", "Particle technology", "Granularity of materials", "Matter" ]
314,629	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous%20enamel	Vitreous enamel, also called porcelain enamel, is a material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing, usually between . The powder melts, flows, and then hardens to a smooth, durable vitreous coating. The word vitreous comes from the Latin , meaning "glassy". Enamel can be used on metal, glass, ceramics...	Vitreous enamel	[ "Chemistry" ]	4,686	[ "Glass chemistry", "Glass compositions", "Coatings", "Vitreous enamel", "Ceramic glazes" ]
314,647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GROMOS	GROningen MOlecular Simulation (GROMOS) is the name of a force field for molecular dynamics simulation, and a related computer software package. Both are developed at the University of Groningen, and at the Computer-Aided Chemistry Group at the Laboratory for Physical Chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technol...	GROMOS	[ "Chemistry" ]	794	[ "Molecular dynamics software", "Computational chemistry software", "Molecular dynamics", "Computational chemistry", "Force fields (chemistry)" ]
314,650	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enamel%20paint	Enamel paint is paint that air-dries to a hard, usually glossy, finish, used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or otherwise subject to hard wear or variations in temperature; it should not be confused with decorated objects in "painted enamel", where vitreous enamel is applied with brushes and fired in a kiln. The...	Enamel paint	[ "Chemistry" ]	904	[ "Paints", "Coatings" ]
314,652	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%20wave	A square wave is a non-sinusoidal periodic waveform in which the amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum. In an ideal square wave, the transitions between minimum and maximum are instantaneous. The square wave is a special cas...	Square wave	[ "Physics" ]	1,120	[ "Waves", "Physical phenomena", "Waveforms" ]
314,653	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHARMM	Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics (CHARMM) is the name of a widely used set of force fields for molecular dynamics, and the name for the molecular dynamics simulation and analysis computer software package associated with them. The CHARMM Development Project involves a worldwide network of developers workin...	CHARMM	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,608	[ "Molecular dynamics software", "Computational chemistry software", "Molecular dynamics", "Computational chemistry", "Force fields (chemistry)" ]
314,692	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-form%20%28differential%20geometry%29	In differential geometry, a one-form (or covector field) on a differentiable manifold is a differential form of degree one, that is, a smooth section of the cotangent bundle. Equivalently, a one-form on a manifold is a smooth mapping of the total space of the tangent bundle of to whose restriction to each fibre is a...	One-form (differential geometry)	[ "Engineering" ]	538	[ "Tensors", "Differential forms" ]
314,696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20health	Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health. To effectively control factors that may affect health, the requirements that must be met to create a healthy environment must be determined. The major sub-disciplines of environmen...	Environmental health	[ "Environmental_science" ]	4,585	[ "Environmental social science", "nan" ]
314,703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectile%20tissue	Erectile tissue is tissue in the body with numerous vascular spaces, or cavernous tissue, that may become engorged with blood. However, tissue that is devoid of or otherwise lacking erectile tissue (such as the labia minora, vestibule, vagina and urethra) may also be described as engorging with blood, often with regard...	Erectile tissue	[ "Biology" ]	430	[ "Sexual anatomy", "Sex" ]
314,709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20division	In algebra, synthetic division is a method for manually performing Euclidean division of polynomials, with less writing and fewer calculations than long division. It is mostly taught for division by linear monic polynomials (known as Ruffini's rule), but the method can be generalized to division by any polynomial. Th...	Synthetic division	[ "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	1,640	[ "Polynomials", "Computer algebra", "Computational mathematics", "Computer science", "Algebra" ]
314,730	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monic%20polynomial	In algebra, a monic polynomial is a non-zero univariate polynomial (that is, a polynomial in a single variable) in which the leading coefficient (the nonzero coefficient of highest degree) is equal to 1. That is to say, a monic polynomial is one that can be written as with Uses Monic polynomials are widely used in ...	Monic polynomial	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,051	[ "Polynomials", "Algebra" ]
314,743	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hume%27s%20principle	Hume's principle or HP says that the number of Fs is equal to the number of Gs if and only if there is a one-to-one correspondence (a bijection) between the Fs and the Gs. HP can be stated formally in systems of second-order logic. Hume's principle is named for the Scottish philosopher David Hume and was coined by Geor...	Hume's principle	[ "Mathematics" ]	729	[ "Mathematical principles", "Mathematical logic", "nan", "Set theory" ]
314,788	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium	Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria. Species of Clostridium inhabit soils and the intestinal tracts of animals, including humans. This genus includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agents of botulism and tetanus. It also formerly included an important cause of diarr...	Clostridium	[ "Biology" ]	2,258	[ "Gut flora bacteria", "Bacteria" ]
314,798	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20vitro%20toxicology	In vitro toxicity testing is the scientific analysis of the toxic effects of chemical substances on cultured bacteria or mammalian cells. In vitro (literally 'in glass') testing methods are employed primarily to identify potentially hazardous chemicals and/or to confirm the lack of certain toxic properties in the early...	In vitro toxicology	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	1,455	[ "Animal testing", "Toxicology", "Alternatives to animal testing" ]
314,881	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Style	The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to functional and utilitarian designs and construction methods, typically expressed through minimalism. The style is characte...	International Style	[ "Engineering" ]	5,327	[ "Design", "Architectural design", "Architecture" ]
314,905	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflective%20programming	In computer science, reflective programming or reflection is the ability of a process to examine, introspect, and modify its own structure and behavior. Historical background The earliest computers were programmed in their native assembly languages, which were inherently reflective, as these original architectures cou...	Reflective programming	[ "Technology" ]	3,013	[ "Programming language comparisons", "Computing comparisons" ]
314,919	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean%20prime%20ideal%20theorem	In mathematics, the Boolean prime ideal theorem states that ideals in a Boolean algebra can be extended to prime ideals. A variation of this statement for filters on sets is known as the ultrafilter lemma. Other theorems are obtained by considering different mathematical structures with appropriate notions of ideals, ...	Boolean prime ideal theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,711	[ "Boolean algebra", "Mathematical logic", "Mathematical axioms", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Axiom of choice", "Axioms of set theory", "Order theory" ]
314,928	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic%20animal	An aquatic animal is any animal, whether vertebrate or invertebrate, that lives in a body of water for all or most of its lifetime. Aquatic animals generally conduct gas exchange in water by extracting dissolved oxygen via specialised respiratory organs called gills, through the skin or across enteral mucosae, although...	Aquatic animal	[ "Biology" ]	3,073	[ "Organisms by adaptation", "Animals", "Animals by adaptation" ]
314,960	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxime	In organic chemistry, an oxime is an organic compound belonging to the imines, with the general formula , where R is an organic side-chain and R' may be hydrogen, forming an aldoxime, or another organic group, forming a ketoxime. O-substituted oximes form a closely related family of compounds. Amidoximes are oximes of ...	Oxime	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,448	[ "Functional groups", "Organic compounds", "Oximes", "Chelating agents", "Process chemicals" ]
314,978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expander%20cycle	The expander cycle is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. In this cycle, the fuel is used to cool the engine's combustion chamber, picking up heat and changing phase. The now heated and gaseous fuel then powers the turbine that drives the engine's fuel and oxidizer pumps before being injected into the combus...	Expander cycle	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,355	[ "Engines", "Rocket engines", "Engineering thermodynamics", "Thermodynamics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
314,983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylamine	Hydroxylamine (also known as hydroxyammonia) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . The compound is in a form of a white hygroscopic crystals. Hydroxylamine is almost always provided and used as an aqueous solution. It is consumed almost exclusively to produce Nylon-6. The oxidation of to hydroxylamine i...	Hydroxylamine	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,090	[ "Functional groups", "Hydroxylamines", "Redox", "Reducing agents" ]
315,008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoresistive%20RAM	Magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) is a type of non-volatile random-access memory which stores data in magnetic domains. Developed in the mid-1980s, proponents have argued that magnetoresistive RAM will eventually surpass competing technologies to become a dominant or even universal memory. Currently, memory ...	Magnetoresistive RAM	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	4,805	[ "Spintronics", "Condensed matter physics" ]
315,021	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneous%20multithreading	Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) is a technique for improving the overall efficiency of superscalar CPUs with hardware multithreading. SMT permits multiple independent threads of execution to better use the resources provided by modern processor architectures. Details The term multithreading is ambiguous, because no...	Simultaneous multithreading	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,672	[ "Computers", "Computer engineering", "Computer architecture" ]
315,043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal%20antibody	A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, binding only to the same epitope (the part of an...	Monoclonal antibody	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	4,185	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Immune system", "Biotechnology", "Immunology", "Organ systems", "nan", "Biochemistry", "Reagents for biochemistry" ]
315,050	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxicity	Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells. Examples of toxic agents are toxic metals, toxic chemicals, microbe neurotoxins, radiation particles and even specific neurotransmitters when the system is out of balance. Also some types of drugs, e.g alcohol, and some venom, e.g. from the puff adder (Bitis arietan...	Cytotoxicity	[ "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	1,389	[ "Immunology", "Toxicology" ]
315,051	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newel	A newel, also called a central pole or support column, is the central supporting pillar of a staircase. It can also refer to an upright post that supports and/or terminates the handrail of a stair banister (the "newel post"). In stairs having straight flights it is the principal post at the foot of the staircase, but ...	Newel	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	603	[ "Building engineering", "Architectural elements", "Components", "Architecture" ]
315,084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lip%20reading	Lip reading, also known as speechreading, is a technique of understanding a limited range of speech by visually interpreting the movements of the lips, face and tongue without sound. Estimates of the range of lip reading vary, with some figures as low as 30% because lip reading relies on context, language knowledge, an...	Lip reading	[ "Biology" ]	3,976	[ "Human communication", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
315,139	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazole	Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. It is effective for dracunculiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and amebiasis. It is...	Metronidazole	[ "Biology" ]	3,971	[ "Antiprotozoal agents", "Biocides" ]
315,203	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionomics	Bionomics (Greek: bio = life; nomos = law) has two different meanings: the first is the comprehensive study of an organism and its relation to its environment. As translated from the French word Bionomie, its first use in English was in the period of 1885–1890. Another way of expressing this word is the term currentl...	Bionomics	[ "Biology" ]	450	[ "Ecology" ]
315,212	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therac-25	The Therac-25 is a computer-controlled radiation therapy machine produced by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) in 1982 after the Therac-6 and Therac-20 units (the earlier units had been produced in partnership with of France). The Therac-25 was involved in at least six accidents between 1985 and 1987, in which s...	Therac-25	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	4,461	[ "Systems engineering", "Reliability engineering", "Technological failures", "Engineering failures", "Civil engineering" ]
315,414	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelfand%E2%80%93Naimark%20theorem	In mathematics, the Gelfand–Naimark theorem states that an arbitrary C-algebra A is isometrically -isomorphic to a C-subalgebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. This result was proven by Israel Gelfand and Mark Naimark in 1943 and was a significant point in the development of the theory of C-algebras since...	Gelfand–Naimark theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	853	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Theorems in functional analysis" ]
315,459	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoderm	Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer). Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm. The endoderm consists at first of ...	Endoderm	[ "Biology" ]	292	[ "Behavior", "Developmental biology", "Reproduction" ]
315,474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20named%20alloys	This is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by the metal with the highest percentage. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names. Alloys by base metal Aluminium AA-8000: used for electrical building wire...	List of named alloys	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,337	[ "Alloys", "Chemical mixtures", "nan" ]
315,487	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel%20silver	Nickel silver, maillechort, German silver, argentan, new silver, nickel brass, albata, or alpacca is a cupronickel (copper with nickel) alloy with the addition of zinc. The usual formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc. Nickel silver does not contain the element silver. It is named for its silvery appearance...	Nickel silver	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,341	[ "Nickel alloys", "Alloys", "Copper alloys" ]
315,578	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20processing%20%28psychology%29	In cognitive psychology, information processing is an approach to the goal of understanding human thinking that treats cognition as essentially computational in nature, with the mind being the software and the brain being the hardware. It arose in the 1940s and 1950s, after World War II. The information processing appr...	Information processing (psychology)	[ "Biology" ]	1,733	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Cognitive psychology" ]
315,659	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20angle	In geometry, the golden angle is the smaller of the two angles created by sectioning the circumference of a circle according to the golden ratio; that is, into two arcs such that the ratio of the length of the smaller arc to the length of the larger arc is the same as the ratio of the length of the larger arc to the fu...	Golden angle	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	469	[ "Geometric measurement", "Scalar physical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Mathematical objects", "Golden ratio", "nan", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Angle", "Mathematical constants", "Numbers" ]
315,718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP-67	CP-67 is a hypervisor, or Virtual Machine Monitor, from IBM for its System/360 Model 67 computer. CP-67 is the control program portion of CP/CMS, a virtual machine operating system developed by IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was a reimplementation of their earlier research system CP-...	CP-67	[ "Technology" ]	529	[ "History of software", "History of computing" ]
315,784	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/CMS	CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) is a discontinued time-sharing operating system of the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is known for its excellent performance and advanced features. Among its three versions, CP-40/CMS was an important 'one-off' research system that established the CP/CMS virtual machine...	CP/CMS	[ "Technology" ]	4,226	[ "History of software", "History of computing" ]
315,793	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinophrys	Actinophrys is a genus of heliozoa, amoeboid unicellular organisms with many axopodial filaments that radiate out of their cell. It contains one of the most common heliozoan species, Actinophrys sol. It is classified within the monotypic family Actinophryidae. Characteristics Actinophrys species belong to an informa...	Actinophrys	[ "Biology" ]	411	[ "Ochrophyta", "Algae" ]
315,897	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphylls%20and%20megaphylls	In plant anatomy and evolution a microphyll (or lycophyll) is a type of plant leaf with one single, unbranched leaf vein. Plants with microphyll leaves occur early in the fossil record, and few such plants exist today. In the classical concept of a microphyll, the leaf vein emerges from the protostele without leaving...	Microphylls and megaphylls	[ "Biology" ]	704	[ "Plant physiology", "Plants" ]
315,924	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoacoustic%20heat%20engine	Thermoacoustic engines (sometimes called "TA engines") are thermoacoustic devices which use high-amplitude sound waves to pump heat from one place to another (this requires work, which is provided by the loudspeaker) or use a heat difference to produce work in the form of sound waves (these waves can then be converted ...	Thermoacoustic heat engine	[ "Physics" ]	1,589	[ "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics" ]
315,927	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern%20architecture	Modern architecture, also called modernist architecture, was an architectural movement and style that was prominent in the 20th century, between the earlier Art Deco and later postmodern movements. Modern architecture was based upon new and innovative technologies of construction (particularly the use of glass, steel, ...	Modern architecture	[ "Engineering" ]	14,654	[ "Architectural history", "Architectural theory", "Postmodern architecture", "Architectural design", "Design", "Architecture" ]
315,928	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20Tone-Coded%20Squelch%20System	In telecommunications, Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System or CTCSS is one type of in-band signaling that is used to reduce the annoyance of listening to other users on a shared two-way radio communication channel. It is sometimes referred to as tone squelch or PL for Private Line, a trademark of Motorola. It does thi...	Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,437	[ "Information and communications technology", "Telecommunications engineering", "Radio technology" ]
315,949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspeed%20indicator	The airspeed indicator (ASI) or airspeed gauge is a flight instrument indicating the airspeed of an aircraft in kilometres per hour (km/h), knots (kn or kt), miles per hour (MPH) and/or metres per second (m/s). The recommendation by ICAO is to use km/h, however knots (kt) is currently the most used unit. The ASI measur...	Airspeed indicator	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,169	[ "Physical quantities", "Measuring instruments", "Airspeed", "Aircraft instruments", "Speed sensors", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Navigational flight instruments" ]
315,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetKernel	NetKernel is a British software company and software platform by the same name that is used for High Performance Computing, Enterprise Application Integration, and Energy Efficient Computation. It allows developers to cleanly separate code from architecture. It can be used as an application server, embedded in a Java ...	NetKernel	[ "Technology" ]	1,488	[ "Computing platforms", "Serverless computing" ]
315,963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heading%20indicator	The heading indicator (HI), also known as a directional gyro (DG) or direction indicator (DI), is a flight instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of the aircraft's heading. Use The primary means of establishing the heading in most small aircraft is the magnetic compass, which, however, suffers from severa...	Heading indicator	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	805	[ "Avionics", "Aircraft instruments", "Measuring instruments" ]
315,968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude%20indicator	The attitude indicator (AI), also known as the gyro horizon or artificial horizon, is a flight instrument that informs the pilot of the aircraft orientation relative to Earth's horizon, and gives an immediate indication of the smallest orientation change. The miniature aircraft and horizon bar mimic the relationship of...	Attitude indicator	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,481	[ "Systems engineering", "Technology systems", "Avionics", "Aircraft instruments", "nan", "Navigational flight instruments" ]
316,038	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20moon	A blue moon refers either to the presence of a second full moon in a calendar month, to the third full moon in a season containing four, or to a moon that appears blue due to atmospheric effects. The calendrical meaning of "blue moon" is unconnected to the other meanings. It is often referred to as “traditional”, but ...	Blue moon	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	3,751	[ "Calendars", "Physical quantities", "Time", "Astronomical myths", "Spacetime", "Moon myths" ]
316,042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisan%20game	In combinatorial game theory, a game is partisan (sometimes partizan) if it is not impartial. That is, some moves are available to one player and not to the other, or the payoffs are not symmetric. Most games are partisan. For example, in chess, only one player can move the white pieces. More strongly, when analyzed u...	Partisan game	[ "Mathematics" ]	198	[ "Recreational mathematics", "Game theory", "Combinatorial game theory", "Combinatorics" ]
316,061	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluice	A sluice ( ) is a water channel containing a sluice gate, a type of lock to manage the water flow and water level. It can also be an open channel which processes material, such as a river sluice used in gold prospecting or fossicking. A mill race, leet, flume, penstock or lade is a sluice channeling water toward a wa...	Sluice	[ "Physics", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	1,354	[ "Hydrology", "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Civil engineering", "Hydraulic engineering" ]
316,081	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosian%20calculus	The icosian calculus is a non-commutative algebraic structure discovered by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1856. In modern terms, he gave a group presentation of the icosahedral rotation group by generators and relations. Hamilton's discovery derived from his attempts to find an algebra of "triplets...	Icosian calculus	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,331	[ "Discrete mathematics", "Algebra", "Binary relations", "Graph theory", "Binary operations", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical relations", "Abstract algebra", "Symmetry", "Rotational symmetry" ]
316,405	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-directional%20beacon	A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such a...	Non-directional beacon	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,670	[ "Aircraft instruments", "Measuring instruments" ]
316,522	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose%201%2C6-bisphosphatase	The enzyme fructose bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11; systematic name D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase) catalyses the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle, which are both anabolic pathways: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-pho...	Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase	[ "Biology" ]	1,890	[ "Protein families", "Protein classification" ]
316,524	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose%20bisphosphatase%20deficiency	In fructose bisphosphatase deficiency, there is not enough fructose bisphosphatase for gluconeogenesis to occur correctly. Glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose) will still work, as it does not use this enzyme. History The first known description of a patient with this condition was published in 1970 in The Lancet jour...	Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency	[ "Chemistry" ]	601	[ "Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism", "Carbohydrate metabolism" ]
316,528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallus	Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organizat...	Thallus	[ "Biology" ]	438	[ "Plant morphology", "Plants" ]
316,533	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallophyte	Thallophytes (Thallophyta, Thallophyto or Thallobionta) are a polyphyletic group of non-motile organisms traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple plants" or "lower plants". They form a division of kingdom Plantae that include lichens and algae and occasionally bryophytes, bacteria and slime moul...	Thallophyte	[ "Biology" ]	588	[ "Cryptogams", "Eukaryotes" ]
316,612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28hydrology%29	A spring is a natural exit point at which groundwater emerges from an aquifer and flows across the ground surface as surface water. It is a component of the hydrosphere, as well as a part of the water cycle. Springs have long been important for humans as a source of fresh water, especially in arid regions which have re...	Spring (hydrology)	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	2,785	[ "Hydrology", "Springs (hydrology)", "Environmental engineering" ]
316,648	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20error%20probable	Circular error probable (CEP), also circular error probability or circle of equal probability, is a measure of a weapon system's precision in the military science of ballistics. It is defined as the radius of a circle, centered on the aimpoint, that is expected to enclose the landing points of 50% of the rounds; said o...	Circular error probable	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,184	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical quantities", "Statistical distance", "Distance", "Applied probability", "Applied mathematics", "Ballistics", "Combat modeling" ]
316,667	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20society	Network society is an expression coined in 1991 related to the social, political, economic and cultural changes caused by the spread of networked, digital information and communications technologies. The intellectual origins of the idea can be traced back to the work of early social theorists such as Georg Simmel who a...	Network society	[ "Technology" ]	2,269	[ "Information Age", "Information society", "Science and technology studies", "Computing and society", "Hyperreality" ]
316,678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated%20community	A gated community (or walled community) is a form of residential community or housing estate containing strictly controlled entrances for pedestrians, bicycles, and automobiles, and often characterized by a closed perimeter of walls and fences. Historically, cities have built defensive city walls and controlled gates t...	Gated community	[ "Engineering" ]	9,026	[ "Systems engineering", "Security engineering" ]
316,737	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoignition%20temperature	The autoignition temperature or self-ignition temperature, often called spontaneous ignition temperature or minimum ignition temperature (or shortly ignition temperature) and formerly also known as kindling point, of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it spontaneously ignites in a normal atmosphere without ...	Autoignition temperature	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	427	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Threshold temperatures", "Combustion", "nan", "Fire" ]
316,760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer-bonded%20explosive	Polymer-bonded explosives, also called PBX or plastic-bonded explosives, are explosive materials in which explosive powder is bound together in a matrix using small quantities (typically 5–10% by weight) of a synthetic polymer. PBXs are normally used for explosive materials that are not easily melted into a casting, or...	Polymer-bonded explosive	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,098	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Explosives", "nan", "Explosions", "Physical chemistry" ]
316,824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle	A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (specially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). N...	Nozzle	[ "Engineering" ]	1,286	[ "Civil engineering", "Fluid mechanics" ]
316,826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibration	The notion of a fibration generalizes the notion of a fiber bundle and plays an important role in algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics. Fibrations are used, for example, in Postnikov systems or obstruction theory. In this article, all mappings are continuous mappings between topological spaces. Formal definit...	Fibration	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,728	[ "Mathematical structures", "Algebraic topology", "Space (mathematics)", "Topological spaces", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Topology" ]
316,837	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incenter	In geometry, the incenter of a triangle is a triangle center, a point defined for any triangle in a way that is independent of the triangle's placement or scale. The incenter may be equivalently defined as the point where the internal angle bisectors of the triangle cross, as the point equidistant from the triangle's s...	Incenter	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,713	[ "Point (geometry)", "Triangle centers", "Points defined for a triangle", "Geometric centers", "Symmetry" ]
316,849	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard%20analysis%20and%20critical%20control%20points	Hazard analysis critical control points, or HACCP (), is a systematic preventive approach to food safety from biological, chemical, and physical hazards in production processes that can cause the finished product to be unsafe and designs measures to reduce these risks to a safe level. In this manner, HACCP attempts to ...	Hazard analysis and critical control points	[ "Engineering" ]	3,286	[ "Safety engineering", "Hazard analysis" ]
316,904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehrhart%20polynomial	In mathematics, an integral polytope has an associated Ehrhart polynomial that encodes the relationship between the volume of a polytope and the number of integer points the polytope contains. The theory of Ehrhart polynomials can be seen as a higher-dimensional generalization of Pick's theorem in the Euclidean plane. ...	Ehrhart polynomial	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,339	[ "Polynomials", "Lattice points", "Mathematical objects", "Number theory", "Figurate numbers", "Numbers", "Algebra" ]
316,915	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20damage	Ecological damage may refer to: environmental degradation something adversely affecting ecological health something adversely affecting ecosystem health Ecology	Ecological damage	[ "Biology" ]	23	[ "Ecology" ]
316,958	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20rhythm	City rhythm is a metaphor for the regular coming and going in cities, the repetitive activities, the sounds and smells that occur regularly in cities. The recognition of city rhythms is a useful metaphor, helping to understand modern city life. The concept of city rhythm makes it possible to understand the multitude of...	City rhythm	[ "Engineering" ]	326	[ "Urban planning", "Architecture" ]
316,966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20modernization	Ecological modernization is a school of thought that argues that both the state and the market can work together to protect the environment. It has gained increasing attention among scholars and policymakers in the last several decades internationally. It is an analytical approach as well as a policy strategy and envir...	Ecological modernization	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	2,375	[ "Industrial engineering", "Environmental social science concepts", "Environmental sociology", "Environmental engineering", "Industrial ecology", "Environmental social science" ]
316,993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion%20polymerization	In polymer chemistry, emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and surfactants. The most common type of emulsion polymerization is an oil-in-water emulsion, in which droplets of monomer (the oil) are emulsified (with surfactants) in ...	Emulsion polymerization	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	3,929	[ "Chemical processes", "nan", "Polymer chemistry", "Chemical process engineering", "Polymerization reactions" ]
317,018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization%20%28signal%20processing%29	Quantization, in mathematics and digital signal processing, is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set, often with a finite number of elements. Rounding and truncation are typical examples of quantization processes. Quantization is in...	Quantization (signal processing)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	5,104	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Computer engineering", "Signal processing" ]
317,034	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roommate	A roommate is a person with whom one shares a living facility such as a room or dormitory except when being family or romantically involved. Similar terms include dorm-mate, suite-mate, housemate, or flatmate ("flat": the usual term in British English for an apartment). Flatmate is the term most commonly used in New Ze...	Roommate	[ "Biology" ]	2,153	[ "Behavior", "Interpersonal relationships", "Human behavior" ]
317,062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant%20figures	Significant figures, also referred to as significant digits or sig figs, are specific digits within a number written in positional notation that carry both reliability and necessity in conveying a particular quantity. When presenting the outcome of a measurement (such as length, pressure, volume, or mass), if the numbe...	Significant figures	[ "Mathematics" ]	5,937	[ "Computational mathematics", "Arithmetic", "Mathematical relations", "Numerical analysis", "Approximations", "Number theory" ]
317,087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperonyl%20butoxide	Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a pale yellow to light brown liquid organic compound used as an adjuvant component of pesticide formulations for synergy. That is, despite having no pesticidal activity of its own, it enhances the potency of certain pesticides such as carbamates, pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and rotenone. It i...	Piperonyl butoxide	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,980	[ "Organic compounds", "Functional groups", "Ethers" ]
317,092	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff%20Shaw	John Clifford Shaw (February 23, 1922 – February 9, 1991) was a systems programmer at the RAND Corporation. He is a coauthor of the first artificial intelligence program, the Logic Theorist, and was one of the developers of General Problem Solver (universal problem solver machine) and Information Processing Language (a...	Cliff Shaw	[ "Technology" ]	192	[ "People in information technology", "Information technology", "Computer specialist stubs", "Computing stubs" ]
317,205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table%20saw	A table saw (also known as a sawbench or bench saw in England) is a woodworking tool, consisting of a circular saw blade, mounted on an arbor, that is driven by an electric motor (directly, by belt, by cable, or by gears). The drive mechanism is mounted below a table that provides support for the material, usually woo...	Table saw	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	5,235	[ "Machines", "Power tools", "Physical quantities", "Physical systems", "Power (physics)", "Woodworking machines" ]
317,212	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive%20center	A reactive center, also called a propagating center, in chemistry is a particular location, usually an atom, within a chemical compound that is the likely center of a reaction in which the chemical is involved. In chain-growth polymer chemistry, this is also the point of propagation for a growing chain. The reactive ce...	Reactive center	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	89	[ "Polymer stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs", "Materials science", "Polymer chemistry" ]

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