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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
11,735,522	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle%20unified%20method	The Oracle unified method (OUM), first released by Oracle Corporation in 2006, is a standards-based method with roots in the unified process (UP). OUM is business-process and use-case driven and includes support for the Unified Modeling Language (UML), though the use of UML is not required. OUM combines these standard...	Oracle unified method	[ "Engineering" ]	415	[ "Software engineering", "Formal methods" ]
11,735,693	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20quadratic%20polynomial	A complex quadratic polynomial is a quadratic polynomial whose coefficients and variable are complex numbers. Properties Quadratic polynomials have the following properties, regardless of the form: It is a unicritical polynomial, i.e. it has one finite critical point in the complex plane, Dynamical plane consist of m...	Complex quadratic polynomial	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,822	[ "Functions and mappings", "Complex dynamics", "Mathematical analysis", "Polynomials", "Mathematical objects", "Fractals", "Mathematical relations", "Algebra", "Dynamical systems" ]
11,736,149	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20multipole%20analysis	In computational chemistry, distributed multipole analysis (DMA) is a compact and accurate way of describing the spatial distribution of electric charge within a molecule. Multipole expansion The DMA method was devised by Prof. Anthony Stone of Cambridge University to describe the charge distribution of a molecule in ...	Distributed multipole analysis	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	937	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", "Computational chemistry", " molecular", "nan", "Atomic", " and optical physics" ]
11,736,738	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizeau%20interferometer	A Fizeau interferometer is an interferometric arrangement whereby two reflecting surfaces are placed facing each other. As seen in Fig 1, the rear-surface reflected light from the transparent first reflector is combined with front-surface reflected light from the second reflector to form interference fringes. The term...	Fizeau interferometer	[ "Astronomy", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	866	[ "Interferometers", "Observational astronomy", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Measuring instruments" ]
11,736,831	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2081040	HD 81040 is a star in the equatorial constellation of Leo. With an apparent visual magnitude of +7.73 it is too dim to be visible to the naked eye but can be viewed with a small telescope. The star is located at a distance of 112 light years from the Sun based on parallax. It is drifting further away with a radial velo...	HD 81040	[ "Astronomy" ]	360	[ "Leo (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
11,737,468	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic%20bisimulation	In theoretical computer science, probabilistic bisimulation is an extension of the concept of bisimulation for fully probabilistic transition systems first described by K.G. Larsen and A. Skou. A discrete probabilistic transition system is a triple where gives the probability of starting in the state s, performin...	Probabilistic bisimulation	[ "Mathematics" ]	262	[ "Theoretical computer science", "Applied mathematics" ]
11,737,650	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20drive	Molecular drive is a term coined by Gabriel Dover in 1982 to describe evolutionary processes that change the genetic composition of a population through DNA turnover mechanisms. Molecular drive operates independently of natural selection and genetic drift. The best-known such process is the concerted evolution of gene...	Molecular drive	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	408	[ "Evolutionary biology", "Evolutionary processes", "Molecular evolution", "Molecular biology", "Non-Darwinian evolution", "Biology theories" ]
11,737,949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2081040%20b	HD 81040 b is a massive gas giant exoplanet that orbits the star HD 81040, discovered in 2005 by radial velocity. Its orbital period is just over 1000 days. It has a semimajor axis of about 1.95 AU, and its orbit is quite eccentric, at a little over 0.5. Astrometry of HD 81040 using Gaia, published in several papers, ...	HD 81040 b	[ "Astronomy" ]	164	[ "Leo (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
11,738,155	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatiotemporal%20Epidemiological%20Modeler	The Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) is free software available through the Eclipse Foundation. Originally developed by IBM Research, STEM is a framework and development tool designed to help scientists create and use spatial and temporal models of infectious disease. STEM uses a component software archite...	Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler	[ "Physics", "Environmental_science" ]	536	[ "Physical quantities", "Time", "Space", "Epidemiology", "Spacetime", "Environmental social science", "Space and time" ]
11,738,158	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monilinia%20fructigena	Monilinia fructigena is a plant pathogen in the fungus kingdom causing a fruit rot of apples, pears, plums, peaches and cherries. Classification Three Monilinia species cause brown rot of fruit (Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena); Monilinia fructigena is found most commonly to cause brown rot...	Monilinia fructigena	[ "Biology" ]	1,386	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,738,269	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsaria%20insitiva	Valsaria insitiva is a plant pathogen, that causes perennial canker in apples and almonds. See also List of apple diseases List of almond diseases References External links Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database Enigmatic Dothideomycetes taxa Fungi described in 1863 Fungal tree pathogens and diseases Apple ...	Valsaria insitiva	[ "Biology" ]	72	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,738,333	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monilinia%20mali	Monilinia mali is a fungal plant pathogen which causes leaf blight on apple. References Fungal tree pathogens and diseases Apple tree diseases Sclerotiniaceae Fungi described in 1945 Fungus species	Monilinia mali	[ "Biology" ]	40	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,738,413	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphodontia%20aspera	Hyphodontia aspera is a species of fungus in the family Schizoporaceae. References Fungi described in 1874 Hymenochaetales Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries Fungus species	Hyphodontia aspera	[ "Biology" ]	49	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,738,475	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perenniporia%20medulla-panis	Perenniporia medulla-panis is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a plant pathogen that infects stone fruit trees. The species was first described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1778. Marinus Anton Donk transferred it to the genus Perenniporia in 1967. References Fungi described in 1778 Fu...	Perenniporia medulla-panis	[ "Biology" ]	95	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,738,539	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phellinus%20pomaceus	Phellinus pomaceus is a plant pathogen particularly common on Prunus species. It is not aggressively pathogenic but can cause considerable decay in trees suffering from other stress factors. P. pomaceus is found in Europe as well as areas of Asia, South America and Africa. This species has historically been used for me...	Phellinus pomaceus	[ "Biology" ]	130	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,738,598	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberella%20fujikuroi	Gibberella fujikuroi is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes bakanae disease in rice seedlings. Another name is foolish seedling disease. It gets that name because the seeds can be infected, leading to disparate outcomes for the plant. There are not many diseases that initiate similar symptoms as bakanae. Hosts and sy...	Gibberella fujikuroi	[ "Biology" ]	927	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,738,605	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20verticillioides	Fusarium verticillioides is the most commonly reported fungal species infecting maize (Zea mays). Fusarium verticillioides is the accepted name of the species, which was also known as Fusarium moniliforme. The species has also been described as mating population A of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (formally kno...	Fusarium verticillioides	[ "Biology" ]	157	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,738,774	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllosticta%20perseae	Phyllosticta perseae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting avocados. References External links USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Avocado tree diseases perseae Fungi described in 1885 Fungus species	Phyllosticta perseae	[ "Biology" ]	50	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,738,798	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colletotrichum%20nigrum	Colletotrichum nigrum is a fungal plant pathogen. References nigrum Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Fungi described in 1890 Fungus species	Colletotrichum nigrum	[ "Biology" ]	32	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,739,145	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown%20Fountain	Crown Fountain (sometimes known as the "Squirting Faces") is an interactive work of public art and video sculpture featured in Chicago's Millennium Park, which is located in the Loop community area. Designed by Spanish artist Jaume Plensa and executed by Krueck and Sexton Architects, it opened in July 2004. The founta...	Crown Fountain	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	5,472	[ "Glass architecture", "Glass engineering and science" ]
11,739,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randle%20cycle	The Randle cycle, also known as the glucose fatty-acid cycle, is a metabolic process involving the cross inhibition of glucose and fatty acids for substrates. It is theorized to play a role in explaining type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. It was named for Philip Randle, who described it in 1963. Cycle The Randle...	Randle cycle	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,522	[ "Biochemistry", "Metabolism", "Cellular processes" ]
11,739,278	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GD%20358	GD 358 is a variable white dwarf star of the DBV type. Like other pulsating white dwarfs, its variability arises from non-radial gravity wave pulsations within the star itself. GD 358 was discovered during the 1958–1970 Lowell Observatory survey for high proper motion stars in the Northern Hemisphere. Although it d...	GD 358	[ "Astronomy" ]	336	[ "Hercules (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
11,739,495	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20136118	HD 136118 is a star in the Serpens Caput section of the Serpens constellation. The star is too dim to be readily visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 6.93. It is located at a distance of 165 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −3 km/s....	HD 136118	[ "Astronomy" ]	403	[ "Constellations", "Serpens" ]
11,740,016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%202039	HD 2039 is a yellow dwarf or yellow subgiant star in the constellation Phoenix. The star is not visible to the naked eye, and lies 280 light years away from the Sun. HD 2039 is a relatively stable star, and an exoplanet at least three times the mass of the planet Jupiter has been discovered in its orbit; this exoplanet...	HD 2039	[ "Astronomy" ]	539	[ "Phoenix (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
11,740,178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primes%20in%20arithmetic%20progression	In number theory, primes in arithmetic progression are any sequence of at least three prime numbers that are consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression. An example is the sequence of primes (3, 7, 11), which is given by for . According to the Green–Tao theorem, there exist arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions...	Primes in arithmetic progression	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,311	[ "Prime numbers", "Mathematical objects", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
11,740,776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%202039%20b	HD 2039 b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 2039. It is almost five times as massive as Jupiter and has a very eccentric orbit. References External links The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia: HD 2039 Phoenix (constellation) Giant planets Exoplanets discovered in 2002 Exoplanets detected by radial velocit...	HD 2039 b	[ "Astronomy" ]	72	[ "Phoenix (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
11,740,955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioformaldehyde	Thioformaldehyde is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH2S. It is the simplest thioaldehyde. This compound is not observed in the condensed state (solid or liquid) because it oligomerizes to 1,3,5-trithiane, which is a stable colorless compound with the same empirical formula. Despite the instability of t...	Thioformaldehyde	[ "Chemistry" ]	208	[ "Thioaldehydes", "Functional groups" ]
11,741,990	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent%20kinase%20inhibitor%20protein	A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein (also known as CKIs, CDIs, or CDKIs) is a protein that inhibits the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Cyclin activity by stopping the cell cycle if there are unfavorable conditions, therefore, acting as tumor suppressors. Cell cycle progression is stopped by Cyclin-dep...	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein	[ "Biology" ]	1,176	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
11,742,171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingui%20Yaol%C3%BCe	Jingui Yaolüe (), Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet is a classic clinical book of traditional Chinese medicine written by Zhang Zhongjing (150-219) at the end of the Eastern Han dynasty and was first published in the Northern Song dynasty. The oldest known extant copy, believed to be bibliographically c...	Jingui Yaolüe	[ "Chemistry" ]	147	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacology stubs", "Medicinal chemistry stubs" ]
11,742,691	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thienamycin	Thienamycin (also known as thienpenem) is one of the most potent naturally produced antibiotics known thus far, discovered in Streptomyces cattleya in 1976. Thienamycin has excellent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is resistant to bacterial β-lactamase enzymes. Thienamycin is a zwit...	Thienamycin	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,185	[ "Carboxylic acids", "Functional groups", "Chemical synthesis", "Total synthesis", "Amines", "Bases (chemistry)" ]
11,743,104	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite%20alleles%20model	The infinite alleles model is a mathematical model for calculating genetic mutations. The Japanese geneticist Motoo Kimura and American geneticist James F. Crow (1964) introduced the infinite alleles model, an attempt to determine for a finite diploid population what proportion of loci would be homozygous. This was,...	Infinite alleles model	[ "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	665	[ "Evolutionary biology", "Applied mathematics", "Mathematical and theoretical biology" ]
11,743,518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolland%20Hydrogen%20Community	Denmark's first full-scale wind-Hydrogen energy plant and testing facility, the Lolland Hydrogen Community, began operation in May 2007. It is also the European Union's first full-scale Hydrogen Community Demonstration facility for residential Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power (CHP). Phase 3 of the project that ran un...	Lolland Hydrogen Community	[ "Chemistry" ]	305	[ "Electrochemistry", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Electrochemistry stubs" ]
11,744,329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disincentive	A disincentive is something that discourages an individual or an organization from behaving in a certain way. Disincentives may fall within the scope of economics, social issues or politics. For comparison, incentives encourage behaving in a desirable way. Economic Economic disincentives are any factors that demotiva...	Disincentive	[ "Biology" ]	219	[ "Ethology", "Behavior", "Motivation", "Human behavior" ]
11,744,449	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering%20from%20rough%20surfaces	Surface roughness scattering or interface roughness scattering is the elastic scattering of particles against a rough solid surface or imperfect interface between two different materials. This effect has been observed in classical systems, such as microparticle scattering, as well as quantum systems, where it arises e...	Scattering from rough surfaces	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	459	[ "Condensed matter physics", "Scattering", "Particle physics", "Nuclear physics" ]
11,745,881	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium%20heptamolybdate	Ammonium heptamolybdate is the inorganic compound whose chemical formula is (NH4)6Mo7O24, normally encountered as the tetrahydrate. A dihydrate is also known. It is a colorless solid, often referred to as ammonium paramolybdate or simply as ammonium molybdate, although "ammonium molybdate" can also refer to ammonium o...	Ammonium heptamolybdate	[ "Chemistry" ]	535	[ "Ammonium compounds", "Salts" ]
11,746,064	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Marino%20Scale	The San Marino Scale is a suggested scale for assessing risks associated with deliberate transmissions from Earth aimed to possible extraterrestrial intelligent life. The scale evaluates the significance of transmissions from Earth as a function of signal intensity and information content. The scale was suggested by Iv...	San Marino Scale	[ "Astronomy", "Biology" ]	290	[ "Biological hypotheses", "Extraterrestrial life", "Astronomical controversies", "Hypothetical life forms" ]
11,746,531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka%20Prometheus%20Project	The Eureka PROMETHEUS Project (PROgraMme for a European Traffic of Highest Efficiency and Unprecedented Safety, 1987–1995) was the largest R&D project ever in the field of driverless cars. It received in funding from the EUREKA member states, and defined the state of the art of autonomous vehicles. Numerous universiti...	Eureka Prometheus Project	[ "Engineering" ]	683	[ "Automotive engineering", "Self-driving cars" ]
11,746,640	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProSyst	ProSyst Software GmbH was founded in Cologne in 1997 as a company specializing in Java software and middleware. ProSyst's first commercial application was a Java EE application server. In 2000, the company sold this server technology and has since focused completely on OSGi solutions. In 1999, ProSyst was among the ...	ProSyst	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	362	[ "Software engineering", "Middleware", "IT infrastructure" ]
11,746,968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialyte%20lens	A dialyte lens (sometimes called a dialyt) is a compound lens design that corrects optical aberrations where the lens elements are widely air-spaced. The design is used to save on the amount of glass used for specific elements or where elements can not be cemented because they have dissimilar curvatures. The word dialy...	Dialyte lens	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	557	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Optics", " molecular", "Atomic", " and optical physics" ]
13,246,370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20cell	In electronics, the Gilbert cell is a type of frequency mixer. It produces output signals proportional to the product of two input signals. Such circuits are widely used for frequency conversion in radio systems. The advantage of this circuit is the output current is an accurate multiplication of the (differential) bas...	Gilbert cell	[ "Engineering" ]	728	[ "Analog circuits", "Electronic engineering", "Radio electronics", "Frequency mixers" ]
13,246,418	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20fan	Industrial fans and blowers are machines whose primary function is to provide and accommodate a large flow of air or gas to various parts of a building or other structures. This is achieved by rotating a number of blades, connected to a hub and shaft, and driven by a motor or turbine. The flow rates of these mechanical...	Industrial fan	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	2,609	[ "Chemical equipment", "nan", "Mechanical engineering", "Turbomachinery" ]
13,246,451	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godwin%20Laboratory%2C%20University%20of%20Cambridge	The Godwin Laboratory is a research facility at the University of Cambridge. It was originally set up to investigate radiocarbon dating and its applications, and was one of the first laboratories to determine a radiocarbon calibration curve. The lab is named after the English scientist Harry Godwin. History With the l...	Godwin Laboratory, University of Cambridge	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	290	[ "Nuclear chemistry stubs", "Nuclear and atomic physics stubs", "Nuclear physics" ]
13,246,688	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDF/XML	RDF/XML is a syntax, defined by the W3C, to express (i.e. serialize) an RDF graph as an XML document. RDF/XML is sometimes misleadingly called simply RDF because it was introduced among the other W3C specifications defining RDF and it was historically the first W3C standard RDF serialization format. RDF/XML is the...	RDF/XML	[ "Technology" ]	136	[ "Computer standards", "Computer science stubs", "Computer science", "XML-based standards", "Computing stubs" ]
13,246,733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20for%20Materials%20Research	, abbreviated IMR or , is a research institute for materials science in the Tohoku University, Japan. It consistently ranks as one of the top in ISI citations on materials research. In 2001, it ranked first in the field of materials science by ISI, Philadelphia . Outline The institute is the oldest of the five researc...	Institute for Materials Research	[ "Materials_science" ]	608	[ "Materials science organizations", "Materials science institutes" ]
13,246,989	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LifeSaver%20bottle	The LifeSaver bottle is a portable water purification device. The bottle filters out objects larger than 15 nanometres. Development After the 2004 Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina disaster in the U.S., Michael Pritchard, a water-treatment expert in Ipswich, England began to develop the LifeSaver bottle after seeing...	LifeSaver bottle	[ "Chemistry" ]	594	[ "Water treatment", "Water filters", "Filters" ]
13,247,184	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS%20%28hydrology%20software%29	SMS (Surface-water Modeling System) is a complete program for building and simulating surface water models from Aquaveo. It features 1D and 2D modeling and a unique conceptual model approach. Currently supported models include ADCIRC, CMS-FLOW2D, FESWMS, TABS, TUFLOW, BOUSS-2D, CGWAVE, STWAVE, CMS-WAVE (WABED), GENESIS...	SMS (hydrology software)	[ "Environmental_science" ]	1,379	[ "Hydrology", "Hydrology software" ]
13,247,256	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclebr%C3%A1s%20Equipamentos%20Pesados	The Nuclebrás Equipamentos Pesados S.A., commonly shortned to NUCLEP, is a Brazilian state-owned nuclear company specialized in nuclear engineering and heavy equipment for nuclear, defense, oil and gas industries, founded on 12 April 1975. See also Goiânia accident (Nuclebrás aided in response effort) National Nucle...	Nuclebrás Equipamentos Pesados	[ "Physics" ]	116	[ "Nuclear and atomic physics stubs", "Nuclear physics" ]
13,247,267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon%E2%80%93Hochschild%E2%80%93Serre%20spectral%20sequence	In mathematics, especially in the fields of group cohomology, homological algebra and number theory, the Lyndon spectral sequence or Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence is a spectral sequence relating the group cohomology of a normal subgroup N and the quotient group G/N to the cohomology of the total group G. The spec...	Lyndon–Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence	[ "Mathematics" ]	411	[ "Group theory", "Fields of abstract algebra" ]
13,247,379	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorion	In number theory, a factorion in a given number base is a natural number that equals the sum of the factorials of its digits. The name factorion was coined by the author Clifford A. Pickover. Definition Let be a natural number. For a base , we define the sum of the factorials of the digits of , , to be the followin...	Factorion	[ "Mathematics" ]	536	[ "Recreational mathematics", "Number theory", "Arithmetic dynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
13,248,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition%20of%20the%20human%20body	Body composition may be analyzed in various ways. This can be done in terms of the chemical elements present, or by molecular structure e.g., water, protein, fats (or lipids), hydroxyapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. In terms of tissue type, the body may be analyzed into water, f...	Composition of the human body	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,261	[ "Biochemistry", "nan" ]
13,248,494	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropospheric%20ozone%20depletion%20events	Tropospheric ozone depletion events are phenomena that reduce the concentration of ozone in the earth's troposphere. Ozone (O3) is a trace gas which has been of concern because of its unique dual role in different layers of the lower atmosphere. Apart from absorbing UV-B radiation and converting solar energy into heat ...	Tropospheric ozone depletion events	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	848	[ "Environmental chemistry", "nan" ]
13,250,030	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel%20Balevski	Angel Balevski () (4 March 1910 – 15 September 1997) was a Bulgarian engineer, inventor, and politician. He has been a member of the State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria for the whole duration of its existence (1971-1989). Balevski was president of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1968-1988), Co-preside...	Angel Balevski	[ "Technology" ]	463	[ "Science and technology awards", "Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal" ]
13,250,438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20mass%20spectrometry	Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an important method for the accurate mass determination and characterization of proteins, and a variety of methods and instrumentations have been developed for its many uses. Its applications include...	Protein mass spectrometry	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	3,330	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Mass", "Mass spectrometry", "Matter" ]
13,250,641	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutte%E2%80%93Berge%20formula	In the mathematical discipline of graph theory the Tutte–Berge formula is a characterization of the size of a maximum matching in a graph. It is a generalization of Tutte theorem on perfect matchings, and is named after W. T. Tutte (who proved Tutte's theorem) and Claude Berge (who proved its generalization). Stateme...	Tutte–Berge formula	[ "Mathematics" ]	763	[ "Mathematical theorems", "Discrete mathematics", "Graph theory", "Theorems in discrete mathematics", "Mathematical relations", "Matching (graph theory)", "Mathematical problems" ]
13,250,817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip%20fuel	Zip fuel, also known as high energy fuel (HEF), is any member of a family of jet fuels containing additives in the form of hydro-boron compounds, or boranes. Zip fuels offer higher energy density than conventional fuels, helping extend the range of jet aircraft. In the 1950s, when the short range of jet aircraft was a ...	Zip fuel	[ "Engineering" ]	1,791	[ "Aviation fuels", "Aerospace engineering" ]
13,251,197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20cyclotron%20resonance	Ion cyclotron resonance is a phenomenon related to the movement of ions in a magnetic field. It is used for accelerating ions in a cyclotron, and for measuring the masses of an ionized analyte in mass spectrometry, particularly with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers. It can also be used to fo...	Ion cyclotron resonance	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	444	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Plasma physics", "Plasma phenomena", "Ion source", "Electric and magnetic fields in matter", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Mass spectrometry", "Condensed matter physics", "Matter" ]
13,252,222	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxin%20receptor	The relaxin receptors are a subclass of four closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that bind relaxin peptide hormones. Below is list of human relaxin receptors, their endogenous peptide hormones, and what downstream enzymes are activated or inhibited by the receptor. See also Relaxin family peptide horm...	Relaxin receptor	[ "Chemistry" ]	92	[ "G protein-coupled receptors", "Signal transduction" ]
13,252,599	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution%20amplifier	In electronics, a distribution amplifier, or simply distribution amp or DA, is a device that accepts a single input signal and provides this same signal to multiple isolated outputs. These devices allow a signal to be distributed to multiple destinations without ground loops or signal degradation. They are used for a...	Distribution amplifier	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	443	[ "Information and communications technology", "Electronic engineering", "Television technology", "Video hardware" ]
13,253,184	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW%20M2B15	The BMW M2B15 was BMW's first flat-twin engine. Manufactured from 1920 to 1923, the M2B15 was intended to be a portable industrial engine, but it was used by several German motorcycle manufacturers to power their motorcycles. In 1920, BMW engineer Max Friz reverse-engineered the engine of foreman Martin Stolle's 191...	BMW M2B15	[ "Technology" ]	196	[ "Motorcycle engines", "Engines" ]
13,253,580	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False%20door	A false door, or recessed niche, is an artistic representation of a door which does not function like a real door. They can be carved in a wall or painted on it. They are a common architectural element in the tombs of ancient Egypt, but appeared possibly earlier in some Pre-Nuragic Sardinian tombs known as Domus de Jan...	False door	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,448	[ "Building engineering", "Architectural elements", "Components", "Architecture" ]
13,255,208	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affect%20display	Affect displays are the verbal and non-verbal displays of affect (emotion). These displays can be through facial expressions, gestures and body language, volume and tone of voice, laughing, crying, etc. Affect displays can be altered or faked so one may appear one way, when they feel another (e.g., smiling when sad). A...	Affect display	[ "Biology" ]	2,510	[ "Emotion", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
13,255,720	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20repository	In information technology, an information repository or simply a repository is "a central place in which an aggregation of data is kept and maintained in an organized way, usually in computer storage." It "may be just the aggregation of data itself into some accessible place of storage or it may also imply some abilit...	Information repository	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	773	[ "Data management", "Cybersecurity engineering", "Data security", "Data" ]
13,255,999	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20academic%20computer%20science%20departments	List Academic computer science departments Computer	List of academic computer science departments	[ "Technology" ]	8	[ "Computing-related lists" ]
13,256,745	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary%20nebula%20luminosity%20function	Planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF) is a secondary distance indicator used in astronomy. It makes use of the [O III] λ5007 forbidden line found in all planetary nebula (PNe) which are members of the old stellar populations (Population II). It can be used to determine distances to both spiral and elliptical ga...	Planetary nebula luminosity function	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	772	[ "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Standard candles", "Theoretical physics", "Astrophysics", "Physical cosmology" ]
13,256,800	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20system	Motion system in engineering and systems, is a component of a test and measurement system that provides motion to a load or loads in a one or many directions. Generally a motion system is made up of a set (or stack) of linear and rotational stages. A linear stage moves in a straight line, while a rotation stage moves ...	Motion system	[ "Engineering" ]	249	[ "Systems engineering" ]
8,618,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware%20functionality%20scan	A hardware functionality scan (HFS) is conducted in order to verify that a certain device is really what it claims to be. It is patented by Microsoft. Some operating systems only send copy protected content, such as movies, to an output device, such as the screen, if that device is able to protect the content from bei...	Hardware functionality scan	[ "Technology" ]	268	[ "Computer security stubs", "Computing stubs" ]
8,618,787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20porn	Mobile porn, also known as mobile adult content, mobile erotica or cellphone adult content, is pornography transmitted over mobile telecommunications networks for consumption on mobile devices (mainly mobile phones, tablets and smartphones). History Just like the internet and pay TV, the adult entertainment industry...	Mobile porn	[ "Technology" ]	724	[ "Mobile content" ]
8,619,255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20logic	Computational logic is the use of logic to perform or reason about computation. It bears a similar relationship to computer science and engineering as mathematical logic bears to mathematics and as philosophical logic bears to philosophy. It is an alternative term for "logic in computer science". Computational logic h...	Computational logic	[ "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	363	[ "Mathematical logic", "Logic in computer science", "Computing and society", "Computational fields of study" ]
8,619,670	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytetrahedron	Polytetrahedron is a term used for three distinct types of objects, all based on the tetrahedron: A uniform convex 4-polytope made up of 600 tetrahedral cells. It is more commonly known as a 600-cell or hexacosichoron. Other derivative 4-polytope are identified as polytetrahedra, where a qualifying prefix such as rect...	Polytetrahedron	[ "Mathematics" ]	213	[ "Recreational mathematics", "Paper folding", "Geometry", "Geometry stubs" ]
8,619,843	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wattle%20%28anatomy%29	A wattle is a fleshy caruncle hanging from various parts of the head or neck in several groups of birds and mammals. Caruncles in birds include those found on the face, wattles, dewlaps, snoods, and earlobes. Wattles are generally paired structures but may occur as a single structure when it is sometimes known as a de...	Wattle (anatomy)	[ "Biology" ]	575	[ "Birds", "Animals" ]
8,620,083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C2%2C4-Butanetriol	1,2,4-Butanetriol is an organic compound with the formula . It is an colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, oily liquid. Containing three alcohol groups, it is classified as a polyol, similar to glycerol and erythritol. It is chiral. Uses 1,2,4-Butanetriol is used in the manufacture of butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), an imp...	1,2,4-Butanetriol	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	389	[ "Monomers", "Polymer chemistry" ]
8,620,216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C2%2C4-Butanetriol%20trinitrate	1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), also called butanetriol trinitrate, is an important military propellant. It is a colorless to brown explosive liquid. BTTN is used as a propellant in virtually all single-stage missiles used by the United States, including the Hellfire. It is less volatile, less sensitive to shock,...	1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate	[ "Chemistry" ]	241	[ "Explosive chemicals" ]
8,620,449	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leray%E2%80%93Hirsch%20theorem	In mathematics, the Leray–Hirsch theorem is a basic result on the algebraic topology of fiber bundles. It is named after Jean Leray and Guy Hirsch, who independently proved it in the late 1940s. It can be thought of as a mild generalization of the Künneth formula, which computes the cohomology of a product space as a t...	Leray–Hirsch theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	252	[ "Theorems in algebraic topology", "Theorems in topology" ]
8,620,616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel%20compression	Parallel compression, also known as New York compression, is a dynamic range compression technique used in sound recording and mixing. Parallel compression, a form of upward compression, is achieved by mixing an unprocessed 'dry', or lightly compressed signal with a heavily compressed version of the same signal. Rathe...	Parallel compression	[ "Engineering" ]	1,155	[ "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering" ]
8,620,994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%28I%29%20acetylide	Copper(I) acetylide, Kupfercarbid or cuprous acetylide, is a chemical compound with the formula Cu2C2. Although never characterized by X-ray crystallography, the material has been claimed at least since 1856. One form is claimed to be a monohydrate with formula . is a reddish-brown explosive powder. Synthesis Materia...	Copper(I) acetylide	[ "Chemistry" ]	775	[ "Explosive chemicals" ]
8,621,096	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTGF	CTGF, also known as CCN2 or connective tissue growth factor, is a matricellular protein of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins (see also CCN intercellular signaling protein). CTGF has important roles in many biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, ...	CTGF	[ "Chemistry" ]	683	[ "Growth factors", "Signal transduction" ]
8,621,397	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20online%20databases	This is a list of online databases accessible via the Internet. A Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields Academic OneFile Acronym Finder Adult Film Database Aeiou Encyclopedia Airiti Inc Airliners.net All Media Guide Allgame (down) Allmovie Allmusic American National Corpus Animal Diversity Web Animal Genom...	List of online databases	[ "Technology" ]	750	[ "Computing-related lists", "Internet-related lists" ]
8,622,325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation%20sensor	Optical Triangulation Sensors are commonly used to provide door mounted safety detection on swinging automatic doors. These types of sensors are common in North America. When automatic swinging doors open and close, it is important that they do not come into contact with pedestrians passing through the door. Classifi...	Triangulation sensor	[ "Engineering" ]	510	[ "Door automation", "Automation", "Electromechanical engineering", "Mechanical engineering by discipline", "Electrical engineering" ]
8,623,048	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail%20%28Chinese%20constellation%29	The Tail mansion (尾宿, pinyin: Wěi Xiù) is one of the Twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations. It is one of the eastern mansions of the Azure Dragon. Asterisms References Chinese constellations	Tail (Chinese constellation)	[ "Astronomy" ]	48	[ "Chinese constellations", "Constellations" ]
8,623,889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Eisenberg	David S. Eisenberg (born 15 March 1939) is an American biochemist and biophysicist best known for his contributions to structural biology and computational molecular biology. He has been a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles since the early 1970s and was director of the UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomic...	David Eisenberg	[ "Chemistry" ]	636	[ "Structural biologists", "Structural biology" ]
8,624,045	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School%20timetable	A school timetable is a calendar that coordinates students and teachers within the classrooms and time periods of the school day. Other factors include the class subjects and the type of classrooms available (for example, science laboratories). Since the 1970s, researchers in operations research and management science...	School timetable	[ "Physics" ]	817	[ "Spacetime", "Physical quantities", "Time", "Time management" ]
8,624,081	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlogML	BlogML is an open format derived from XML to store and restore the content of a blog. History BlogML was originally created by Darren Neimke in August 2005 by starting a Workspace on GotDotNet community. In July 2006, BlogML was moved to CodePlex for better open-source development and some other developers joined t...	BlogML	[ "Technology" ]	497	[ "Computer standards", "XML-based standards" ]
8,624,261	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajime%20Tanabe	was a Japanese philosopher of science, particularly of mathematics and physics. His work brought together elements of Buddhism, scientific thought, Western philosophy, Christianity, and Marxism. In the postwar years, Tanabe coined the concept of metanoetics, proposing that the limits of speculative philosophy and reaso...	Hajime Tanabe	[ "Mathematics" ]	15,696	[ "Philosophers of mathematics" ]
8,624,486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Square%20%28software%29	T-Square is an early drafting program written by Peter Samson assisted by Alan Kotok and possibly Robert A. Saunders while they were students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and members of the Tech Model Railroad Club. T-Square was written for the PDP-1 computer and its Type 30 precision CRT that Digital ...	T-Square (software)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	639	[ "Design engineering", "Civil engineering", "History of software", "Technical drawing", "History of computing" ]
8,624,576	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport%20timetable	A public transport timetable (also timetable and North American English schedule) is a document setting out information on public transport service times. Both public timetables to assist passengers with planning a trip and internal timetables to inform employees exist. Typically, the timetable will list the times whe...	Public transport timetable	[ "Technology" ]	2,923	[ "Public transport information systems", "Information systems" ]
8,624,952	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20differencing%20transconductance%20amplifier	Current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) is a new active circuit element. Properties The CDTA is not free from parasitic input capacitances and it can operate in a wide frequency range due to current-mode operation. Some voltage and current mode applications using this element have already been reported ...	Current differencing transconductance amplifier	[ "Technology" ]	564	[ "Electronic amplifiers", "Amplifiers" ]
8,625,424	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudity%20in%20religion	Nudity in religion deals with religious beliefs as the basis for modern attitudes and behaviors regarding nudity. Abrahamic religions The Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all recount the Genesis creation narrative in which Adam and Eve are unaware of their nakedness until they eat the forbidde...	Nudity in religion	[ "Biology" ]	3,522	[ "Behavior", "Religious practices", "Human behavior" ]
8,625,600	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytane	Phytane is the isoprenoid alkane formed when phytol, a chemical substituent of chlorophyll, loses its hydroxyl group. When phytol loses one carbon atom, it yields pristane. Other sources of phytane and pristane have also been proposed than phytol. Pristane and phytane are common constituents in petroleum and have been...	Phytane	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,098	[ "Organic compounds", "Alkanes" ]
8,626,253	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei%20Smirnov%20%28physicist%29	Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov (; born October 16, 1951) is a neutrino physics researcher and one of the discoverers of the MSW Effect. Education Alexei Smirnov graduated from MSU Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in 1974. In 1977, he began to work at the Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) of the Academy of Sc...	Alexei Smirnov (physicist)	[ "Physics" ]	787	[ "Theoretical physics", "Theoretical physicists" ]
8,626,724	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallet%20inverter	A pallet inverter or pile turner is a machine that is used to turn over full pallet loads of packages or products. The term pallet inverter is also used to cover machines that turn the palletised load through 90 degrees only. Use The reasons for needing to turn over a pallet are varied. The primary reason is have acc...	Pallet inverter	[ "Engineering" ]	305	[ "Packaging machinery", "Industrial machinery", "nan" ]
8,628,305	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belokamenka%20%28ship%29	Belokamenka was an oil tanker (a very large crude carrier, a VLCC). It was latterly used as an FSO (floating production storage and offloading) vessel moored off in Kola Bay near Murmansk and after 2015 off Singapore. Belokamenka was scrapped in April 2019. History Belokamenka was originally built by Mitsui Eng. & Shi...	Belokamenka (ship)	[ "Chemistry" ]	225	[ "Floating production storage and offloading vessels", "Petroleum technology" ]
10,763,773	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontypool%20japan	Pontypool japan is a name given to the process of japanning with the use of an oil varnish and heat, which is credited to Thomas Allgood of Pontypool. In the late 17th century, during his search for a corrosion-resistant coating for iron, he developed a recipe that included asphaltum, linseed oil and burnt umber. Once ...	Pontypool japan	[ "Chemistry" ]	937	[ "Paints", "Coatings", "Corrosion prevention", "Corrosion" ]
10,764,126	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeuroArm	NeuroArm is an engineering research surgical robot specifically designed for neurosurgery. It is the first image-guided, MR-compatible surgical robot that has the capability to perform both microsurgery and stereotaxy. IMRIS, Inc. acquired NeuroArm assets in 2010, and the company is working to develop a next generatio...	NeuroArm	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	914	[ "Biological engineering", "Medical technology", "Biomedical engineering" ]
10,766,062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%206027d	NGC 6027d is a barred spiral galaxy that is strictly a visual member of Seyfert's Sextet, a compact group of galaxies, which is located in the constellation Serpens. NGC 6027d is not interacting with the other galaxies in the cluster, but is in the background and just happens to be in the same line of sight. The galax...	NGC 6027d	[ "Astronomy" ]	216	[ "Constellations", "Serpens" ]
10,766,404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalised%20circle	In geometry, a generalized circle, sometimes called a cline or circline, is a straight line or a circle, the curves of constant curvature in the Euclidean plane. The natural setting for generalized circles is the extended plane, a plane along with one point at infinity through which every straight line is considered t...	Generalised circle	[ "Mathematics" ]	790	[ "Circles", "Pi" ]
10,766,478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homometric%20structures	In chemistry and crystallography, crystal structures that have the same set of interatomic distances are called homometric structures. Homometric structures need not be congruent (that is, related by a rigid motion or reflection). Homometric crystal structures produce identical diffraction patterns; therefore, they can...	Homometric structures	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	112	[ "Materials science stubs", "Stereochemistry", "Crystallography stubs", "Crystallography", "Space", "Stereochemistry stubs", "nan", "Spacetime" ]
10,766,750	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Union%20of%20Crystallography	The International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) is an organisation devoted to the international promotion and coordination of the science of crystallography. The IUCr is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU). Objectives The objectives of the IUCr are to promote international cooperation in crysta...	International Union of Crystallography	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	929	[ "Crystallography", "Crystallography organizations" ]
10,766,937	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiautomaton	In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a semiautomaton is a deterministic finite automaton having inputs but no output. It consists of a set Q of states, a set Σ called the input alphabet, and a function T: Q × Σ → Q called the transition function. Associated with any semiautomaton is a monoid called the cha...	Semiautomaton	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,472	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical objects", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Algebraic structures", "Category theory", "Mathematical relations", "Semigroup theory" ]
10,767,147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning%20rocket	A lightning rocket is a rocket that unravels a conductor, such as a fine copper wire, as it ascends, to conduct lightning charges to the ground. Lightning strikes derived from this process are called "triggered lightning." Design A conducting lightning rod is grounded and positioned alongside the launch tube in commu...	Lightning rocket	[ "Physics" ]	460	[ "Physical phenomena", "Electrical phenomena", "Lightning" ]
10,767,533	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Engineering	The Journal of Environmental Engineering is a monthly engineering journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The main editor is Dionysios D. Dionysiou of University of Cincinnati. The journal presents broad interdisciplinary information on the practice and status of research in environmental engine...	Journal of Environmental Engineering	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	274	[ "Systems engineering", "Waste management journals", "Chemical engineering", "Water pollution", "Sewerage", "Environmental science journals", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering" ]

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