id
int64
580
79M
url
stringlengths
31
175
text
stringlengths
9
245k
source
stringlengths
1
109
categories
stringclasses
160 values
token_count
int64
3
51.8k
75,727,453
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation%E2%80%93cation%20bond
Cation-cation interactions often occur between molecular cations of transition metals and f-elements (so-called yl cations). They are distinguished as a separate type of intermolecular interactions, since without taking them into account, cations usually repel each other in accordance with Coulomb's law. Cation-cation...
Cation–cation bond
Physics,Chemistry,Materials_science
477
26,385,993
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes%20III
Boötes III is an overdensity in the Milky Way's halo, which may be a disrupted dwarf spheroidal galaxy. It is situated in the constellation Boötes and was discovered in 2009 in the data obtained by Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The galaxy is located at the distance of about 46 kpc from the Sun and moves away from it at the...
Boötes III
Astronomy
325
63,917,263
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-to-human%20transmission
Human-to-human transmission (HHT) is an epidemiologic vector, especially in case the disease is borne by individuals known as superspreaders. In these cases, the basic reproduction number of the virus, which is the average number of additional people that a single case will infect without any preventative measures, can...
Human-to-human transmission
Environmental_science
390
15,367,309
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheumatoid%20nodule
A rheumatoid nodule is a lump of tissue, or an area of swelling, that appears on the exterior of the skin usually around the olecranon (tip of the elbow) or the interphalangeal joints (finger knuckles), but can appear in other areas. There are four different types of rheumatoid nodules: subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules,...
Rheumatoid nodule
Chemistry
2,558
1,550,886
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dux%20Britanniarum
Dux Britanniarum was a military post in Roman Britain, probably created by Emperor Diocletian or Constantine I during the late third or early fourth century. The Dux (literally, "(military) leader" was a senior officer in the late Roman army of the West in Britain. It is listed in the Notitia Dignitatum as being one of...
Dux Britanniarum
Engineering
1,847
7,200,934
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon%20photonics
Silicon photonics is the study and application of photonic systems which use silicon as an optical medium. The silicon is usually patterned with sub-micrometre precision, into microphotonic components. These operate in the infrared, most commonly at the 1.55 micrometre wavelength used by most fiber optic telecommunicat...
Silicon photonics
Materials_science
3,757
3,986,527
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regsvr32
In computing, regsvr32 (Register Server) is a command-line utility in Microsoft Windows and ReactOS for registering and unregistering DLLs and ActiveX controls in the operating system Registry. Despite the suffix "32" in the name of the file, there are both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of this utility (with identical na...
Regsvr32
Technology
350
74,980,742
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HydrogenPro
HydrogenPro is a technology company and an OEM for high-pressure alkaline electrolyser systems for large-scale green hydrogen plants. HydrogenPro was founded in 2013 by individuals with a background in the electrolysis industry which was established in Telemark, Norway by Norsk Hydro in 1927. History HydrogenPro w...
HydrogenPro
Chemistry
231
78,246,878
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metarhiziopsis
Metarhiziopsis is a genus of fungus in the family Clavicipitaceae. Species in this genus include: Metarhiziopsis microspora References Hypocreales genera Clavicipitaceae
Metarhiziopsis
Biology
47
5,900,914
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine (abbreviated ChoP) is the hydrophilic polar head group of some phospholipids, which is composed of a negatively charged phosphate bonded to a small, positively charged choline group. Phosphorylcholine is part of the platelet-activating factor; the phospholipid phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, th...
Phosphorylcholine
Chemistry
731
18,950,900
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand
A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that distinguishes one seller's good or service from those of other sellers. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising for recognition and, importantly, to create and store value as brand equity for the object identified, to the benefit of the b...
Brand
Engineering
13,967
14,894,500
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object%20manipulation
Object manipulation is a form of dexterity play or performance in which one or more people physically interact with one or more objects. Many object manipulation skills are recognised circus skills. Other object manipulation skills are linked to sport, magic, and everyday objects or practices. Many object manipulation ...
Object manipulation
Biology
799
1,411,852
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%20structure
An active structure (also known as a smart or adaptive structure) is a mechanical structure with the ability to alter its configuration, form or properties in response to changes in the environment. The term active structure also refers to structures that, unlike traditional engineering structures (e.g., bridges, buil...
Active structure
Engineering
949
7,687,767
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forster%E2%80%93Decker%20method
The Forster–Decker method is a series of chemical reactions that have the effect of mono-alkylating a primary amine (1), forming a secondary amine (6). The process occurs by way of transient formation of an imine (3) that undergoes the actual alkylation reaction. Process stages Conversion of the primary amine to an i...
Forster–Decker method
Chemistry
191
25,113,859
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote%20visual%20inspection
Remote Visual Inspection or Remote Digital Video Inspection, also known as RVI or RDVI, is a form of visual inspection which uses visual aids including video technology to allow an inspector to look at objects and materials from a distance because the objects are inaccessible or are in dangerous environments. RVI is al...
Remote visual inspection
Materials_science,Engineering
306
33,301,481
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission%20curve
The transmission curve or transmission characteristic is the mathematical function or graph that describes the transmission fraction of an optical or electronic filter as a function of frequency or wavelength. It is an instance of a transfer function but, unlike the case of, for example, an amplifier, output never exce...
Transmission curve
Technology,Engineering
131
50,896
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20station
A space station (or orbital station) is a spacecraft which remains in orbit and hosts humans for extended periods of time. It therefore is an artificial satellite featuring habitation facilities. The purpose of maintaining a space station varies depending on the program. Most often space stations have been research sta...
Space station
Astronomy
3,598
58,507,732
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus%20pseudoglaucus
Aspergillus pseudoglaucus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Aspergillus section. The species was first described in 1929. It has been reported to produce asperentins, asperflavin, auroglaucin, bisanthrons, dihydroauroglaucin, echinulins, erythroglaucin, 6-farnesyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylpht...
Aspergillus pseudoglaucus
Biology
228
11,347,064
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversed%20electrodialysis
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is the salinity gradient energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water. A method of utilizing the energy produced by this process by means of a heat engine was invented by Prof. Sidney Loeb in 1977 at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev....
Reversed electrodialysis
Chemistry
641
38,061,896
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/71%20Ophiuchi
71 Ophiuchi is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Ophiuchus. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, yellow-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.64. The star is located approximately 273 light years away from the Sun based on parallax, and is moving closer with a radial velocity o...
71 Ophiuchi
Astronomy
227
57,183,208
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%20Halperin%20Prize
The Israel Halperin Prize is awarded every five years by the Canadian Annual Symposium on Operator Theory and Operator Algebras to a member of the Canadian mathematical community who has recently obtained a doctorate and has made contributions to operator theory or operator algebras. It honors Israel Halperin, the foun...
Israel Halperin Prize
Technology
176
3,103,995
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20WebFountain
WebFountain is an Internet analytical engine implemented by IBM for the study of unstructured data on the World Wide Web. IBM describes WebFountain as: . . . a set of research technologies that collect, store and analyze massive amounts of unstructured and semi-structured text. It is built on an open, extensible pla...
IBM WebFountain
Technology
390
37,470,470
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taphrina%20caerulescens
Taphrina caerulescens is a species of fungus in the family Taphrinaceae. It is a pathogenic Ascomycete fungus that causes oak leaf blister disease on various species of oak trees (Quercus spp.). The associated anamorph species is Lalaria coccinea, described in 1990. This disease causes lesions and blisters on Oak leave...
Taphrina caerulescens
Biology
2,233
1,554,398
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal%20realization
In control theory, given any transfer function, any state-space model that is both controllable and observable and has the same input-output behaviour as the transfer function is said to be a minimal realization of the transfer function. The realization is called "minimal" because it describes the system with the mini...
Minimal realization
Mathematics
163
32,168,948
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp%20Hochreiter
Josef "Sepp" Hochreiter (born 14 February 1967) is a German computer scientist. Since 2018 he has led the Institute for Machine Learning at the Johannes Kepler University of Linz after having led the Institute of Bioinformatics from 2006 to 2018. In 2017 he became the head of the Linz Institute of Technology (LIT) AI L...
Sepp Hochreiter
Biology
688
19,636,775
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20cut
In a graph, a maximum cut is a cut whose size is at least the size of any other cut. That is, it is a partition of the graph's vertices into two complementary sets and , such that the number of edges between and is as large as possible. Finding such a cut is known as the max-cut problem. The problem can be stated s...
Maximum cut
Mathematics
1,966
2,144,540
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxaphene
Toxaphene was an insecticide used primarily for cotton in the southern United States during the late 1960s and the 1970s. Toxaphene is a mixture of over 670 different chemicals and is produced by reacting chlorine gas with camphene. It can be most commonly found as a yellow to amber waxy solid. Toxaphene was banned in...
Toxaphene
Chemistry
2,646
54,040,276
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium%20perchlorate
Strontium perchlorate is a white powder or colorless crystals with the formula Sr(ClO4)2. It is a strong oxidizer which gives red flames. It can be used in pyrotechnics; however, usually the more common strontium nitrate is used. It is also used in Liquid Injection Thrust Vector Control (LITVC) in solid-propellant ro...
Strontium perchlorate
Chemistry
156
40,974,507
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20Trace%20Element%20Research
Biological Trace Element Research is a journal established in 1979 and published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is M.F. Flores-Arce (International Association of Bioorganic Scientists). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.738. References Extern...
Biological Trace Element Research
Chemistry
86
3,205,368
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text-based%20game
A text game or text-based game is an electronic game that uses a text-based user interface, that is, the user interface employs a set of encodable characters, such as ASCII, instead of bitmap or vector graphics. All text-based games have been well documented since at least the 1960s, when teleprinters were interlaced...
Text-based game
Technology
1,425
1,925,832
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Kress
Wilhelm Kress (29 July 1836 in Saint Petersburg – 24 February 1913 in Vienna) Born of German (Bavarian) parents in St. Petersburg in 1836. Moved to Vienna in 1873, where his self-propelled flying models attracted much attention. He became a naturalized Austrian. Life Kress came to Vienna in 1873, where he developed t...
Wilhelm Kress
Engineering
358
37,979,864
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termitomyces%20tylerianus
Termitomyces tylerianus is a species of agaric fungus in the family Lyophyllaceae. Found in Africa and China, it was first formally described in 1964. Fruit bodies (mushrooms) grow in groups or clusters near termite nests in deciduous forests. The mushrooms are edible. References Edible fungi Fungi described in 1964 ...
Termitomyces tylerianus
Biology
83
29,468,225
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20carboxypeptidase
The carboxypeptidase A family can be divided into two subfamilies: carboxypeptidase H (regulatory) and carboxypeptidase A (digestive). Members of the H family have longer C-termini than those of family A, and carboxypeptidase M (a member of the H family) is bound to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor...
Zinc carboxypeptidase
Biology
423
23,533,032
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bensbach%27s%20bird-of-paradise
Bensbach's bird-of-paradise, also known as Bensbach's riflebird, is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is often now considered an intergeneric hybrid between a magnificent riflebird and lesser bird-of-paradise. However, some authors, such as Errol Fuller, believe that it was a distinct and possibly extinct specie...
Bensbach's bird-of-paradise
Biology
153
70,873,435
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axinelline%20A
Axinelline A is a COX-2 inhibitor with the molecular formula C12H15NO6 which is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces axinellae. References COX-2 inhibitors Ethyl esters Catechols Benzamides Triols
Axinelline A
Chemistry
56
3,650,526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Hove%20singularity
In condensed matter physics, a Van Hove singularity is a singularity (non-smooth point) in the density of states (DOS) of a crystalline solid. The wavevectors at which Van Hove singularities occur are often referred to as critical points of the Brillouin zone. For three-dimensional crystals, they take the form of kinks...
Van Hove singularity
Physics,Chemistry,Materials_science
955
2,168,889
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset%20allocation
Asset allocation is the implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk versus reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to the investor's risk tolerance, goals and investment time frame. The focus is on the characteristics of the overall portfolio. Su...
Asset allocation
Mathematics
3,046
7,921,267
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diisopromine
Diisopromine or disoprominum, usually as the hydrochloride salt, is a synthetic spasmolytic which neutralizes spastic conditions of the biliary tract and of the sphincter of Oddi. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1955. It is sold in South Africa under the brand name Agofell syrup as a mixture with sorbitol...
Diisopromine
Chemistry
128
6,486,663
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoaspartate
Isoaspartic acid (isoaspartate, isoaspartyl, β-aspartate) is an aspartic acid residue isomeric to the typical α peptide linkage. It is a β-amino acid, with the side chain carboxyl moved to the backbone. Such a change is caused by a chemical reaction in which the nitrogen atom on the N+1 following peptide bond (in black...
Isoaspartate
Chemistry,Biology
397
71,190,099
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Pinfold
James Lewis Pinfold (born 1950 in Ealing, West London) is a British-Canadian physicist, specializing in particle physics. Education and career Pinfold graduated in physics in 1972 with a B.Sc. from Imperial College London and in 1977 with a Ph.D. from the University of London. His Ph.D. thesis was on weak neutral cu...
James Pinfold
Physics
578
2,361,047
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page%20layout
In graphic design, page layout is the arrangement of visual elements on a page. It generally involves organizational principles of composition to achieve specific communication objectives. The high-level page layout involves deciding on the overall arrangement of text and images, and possibly on the size or shape of t...
Page layout
Engineering
4,364
45,388,523
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium%20cryptum
Penicillium cryptum is a species of the genus of Penicillium. See also List of Penicillium species References cryptum Fungi described in 1986 Fungus species
Penicillium cryptum
Biology
38
4,171,950
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constrained%20optimization
In mathematical optimization, constrained optimization (in some contexts called constraint optimization) is the process of optimizing an objective function with respect to some variables in the presence of constraints on those variables. The objective function is either a cost function or energy function, which is to ...
Constrained optimization
Mathematics
1,644
1,431,663
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate-reducing%20microorganism
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) or sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) are a group composed of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfate-reducing archaea (SRA), both of which can perform anaerobic respiration utilizing sulfate () as terminal electron acceptor, reducing it to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Therefore, th...
Sulfate-reducing microorganism
Biology,Environmental_science
2,311
15,940,961
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortcut%20model
An important question in statistical mechanics is the dependence of model behaviour on the dimension of the system. The shortcut model was introduced in the course of studying this dependence. The model interpolates between discrete regular lattices of integer dimension. Introduction The behaviour of different proces...
Shortcut model
Physics
1,075
61,866
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Born
Max Born (; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German-British theoretical physicist who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 1930s. Born was awarded the 1954...
Max Born
Physics
7,279
65,064,571
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping%20court
A shopping court is a type of neighborhood shopping center that developed, particularly in Greater Los Angeles, in the 1920s. Most had a few boutiques, themed shops (as today in a festival marketplace), and cafes, up to a dozen and sometimes included offices and studios. A linear walkway or patio connected the units, w...
Shopping court
Engineering
334
14,374
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesis
Haematopoiesis (; ; also hematopoiesis in American English, sometimes h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. In a healthy adult human, roughly ten billion () to a hundred billion () new blood cells are produced per day, in...
Haematopoiesis
Chemistry
2,640
2,600,454
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm%20%28Marvel%20Comics%29
Swarm (Fritz von Meyer) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character's entire body is composed of bees, and is mainly featured as an enemy of Spider-Man. Publication history Swarm first appeared in The Champions #14 (July 1977). He was created by Bill Mantlo and John B...
Swarm (Marvel Comics)
Biology
1,911
22,917,401
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volute%20%28pump%29
A volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port. The volute of a centrifugal pump is the casing that receives the fluid being pumped by the impeller, maintaining the velocity of the fluid through to the diffuser. As liquid exits the impeller it has high kinetic energy and the v...
Volute (pump)
Physics,Chemistry,Engineering
368
59,760,845
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin%20Lavik
Erin Baker Lavik (born 1973) is an American bioengineer serving as the deputy director and chief technology officer of the National Cancer Institute's Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) since 2023. She was previously a professor of chemical, biochemical, and environmental engineering at the University of Maryland, Bal...
Erin Lavik
Materials_science,Technology
1,132
454,977
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/160%20%28number%29
160 (one hundred [and] sixty) is the natural number following 159 and preceding 161. In mathematics 160 is the sum of the first 11 primes, as well as the sum of the cubes of the first three primes. Given 160, the Mertens function returns 0. 160 is the smallest number n with exactly 12 solutions to the equation φ(x) =...
160 (number)
Mathematics
104
25,360,121
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%E2%80%93Samuel%20function
In commutative algebra the Hilbert–Samuel function, named after David Hilbert and Pierre Samuel, of a nonzero finitely generated module over a commutative Noetherian local ring and a primary ideal of is the map such that, for all , where denotes the length over . It is related to the Hilbert function of the asso...
Hilbert–Samuel function
Mathematics
366
8,590,426
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athermalization
Athermalization, in the field of optics, is the process of achieving optothermal stability in optomechanical systems. This is done by minimizing variations in optical performance over a range of temperatures. Optomechanical systems are typically made of several materials with different thermal properties. These materi...
Athermalization
Physics,Chemistry
1,315
41,858,625
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20sieving
In combinatorial mathematics, cyclic sieving is a phenomenon in which an integer polynomial evaluated at certain roots of unity counts the rotational symmetries of a finite set. Given a family of cyclic sieving phenomena, the polynomials give a q-analog for the enumeration of the finite sets, and often arise from an u...
Cyclic sieving
Mathematics
996
63,063,610
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20for%20Research%20on%20Computation%20and%20Society
The Center for Research on Computation and Society (CRCS, commonly pronounced "circus") is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on interdisciplinary research combining computer science with social sciences. It is based in Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. It is currentl...
Center for Research on Computation and Society
Technology
418
5,044,648
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filler%20%28linguistics%29
In linguistics, a filler, filled pause, hesitation marker or planner (sometimes called crutches) is a sound or word that participants in a conversation use to signal that they are pausing to think but are not finished speaking. These are not to be confused with placeholder names, such as thingamajig. Fillers fall into ...
Filler (linguistics)
Biology
3,659
3,996,438
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor%20retinaculum%20of%20the%20hand
The flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament or anterior annular ligament) is a fibrous band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the carpal bones of the hands, covering them and forming the carpal tunnel. Structure The flexor retinaculum is a strong, fibrous band that covers the carpal ...
Flexor retinaculum of the hand
Biology
784
71,757,009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20183552
HD 183552, also known as HR 7411, is a probable spectroscopic binary located in the southern constellation Telescopium. The system has a combined apparent magnitude of 5.74, allowing it to be faintly visible to the naked eye. Based on parallax measurements from the Gaia spacecraft, it is estimated to be 337 light years...
HD 183552
Astronomy
249
3,389,929
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episulfide
In organic chemistry, episulfides are a class of organic compounds that contain a saturated, heterocyclic ring consisting of two carbon atoms and one sulfur atom. It is the sulfur analogue of an epoxide or aziridine. They are also known as thiiranes, olefin sulfides, thioalkylene oxides, and thiacyclopropanes. Episulfi...
Episulfide
Chemistry
586
216,516
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20Canada
Health Canada (HC; ) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for national health policy. The department itself is also responsible for numerous federal health-related agencies, including the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), among others. These organ...
Health Canada
Biology
1,721
24,335,106
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left%204%20Dead%20%28franchise%29
Left 4 Dead is a series of cooperative first-person shooter survival horror video games created by Turtle Rock Studios and published by Valve. Set in the days after a pandemic outbreak of a viral strain transforming people into zombie-like feral creatures, the games follow the adventures of four survivors attempting to...
Left 4 Dead (franchise)
Physics
6,010
41,660
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance
Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when an object or system is subjected to an external force or vibration that matches its natural frequency. When this happens, the object or system absorbs energy from the external force and starts vibrating with a larger amplitude. Resonance can occur in various systems, such as m...
Resonance
Physics,Chemistry
7,436
26,909,817
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavaria%20fragilis
Clavaria fragilis, commonly known as fairy fingers, white worm coral, or white spindles, is a species of fungus in the family Clavariaceae. It is synonymous with Clavaria vermicularis. The fungus is the type species of the genus Clavaria and is a typical member of the clavarioid or club fungi. It produces tubular, unbr...
Clavaria fragilis
Biology
1,144
474,880
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne%20effect
The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are ...
Hawthorne effect
Biology
3,337
727,811
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snark%20%28graph%20theory%29
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a snark is an undirected graph with exactly three edges per vertex whose edges cannot be colored with only three colors. In order to avoid trivial cases, snarks are often restricted to have additional requirements on their connectivity and on the length of their cycles. Infini...
Snark (graph theory)
Mathematics
2,540
21,054,852
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwell%20Technologies
Anwell Technologies Limited was a Hong Kong multinational manufacturing company. Founded in 2000, the company initially designed machines that mass-produced optical discs, but later began manufacturing thin-film solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as well. The company was listed on the Singapore Excha...
Anwell Technologies
Materials_science,Mathematics,Engineering
511
11,273,121
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20164922%20b
HD 164922 b is an exoplanet orbiting the star HD 164922 about 72 light-years from Earth in the constellation Hercules. Its inclination is not known, and its true mass may be significantly greater than the radial velocity lower limit of 0.36 Jupiter masses. The planet also has a low eccentricity, unlike most other long...
HD 164922 b
Astronomy
647
5,816,356
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl%20powder
Pearl powder () is a preparation of crushed pearls used in China and elsewhere for skin care and in traditional Chinese medicine. Preparation Pearl powder is made from freshwater pearls or saltwater pearls below jewellery grade. These are sterilised in boiling water and then milled into a fine powder using stainless s...
Pearl powder
Physics
800
2,292,623
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docking%20%28molecular%29
In the field of molecular modeling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when a ligand and a target are bound to each other to form a stable complex. Knowledge of the preferred orientation in turn may be used to predict the strength of association or binding affinity ...
Docking (molecular)
Chemistry,Engineering,Biology
2,823
36,714,938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian%20particle%20tracking
In experimental fluid mechanics, Lagrangian Particle Tracking refers to the process of determining trajectories of small neutrally buoyant particles (flow tracers) that are freely suspended within a turbulent flow field. These are usually obtained by 3-D Particle Tracking Velocimetry. A collection of such particle traj...
Lagrangian particle tracking
Chemistry,Engineering
209
165,744
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp
Kelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genera. Despite its appearance and use of photosynthesis in chloroplasts, kelp is technically not a plant but a stramenopile (a group containing many protists). Kelp grow from stalks close together in very dense a...
Kelp
Biology
4,974
21,893,074
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogbank
Fogbank (stylized as FOGBANK) is a code name given to a secret material used in the W76, W78 and W88 nuclear warheads that are part of the United States nuclear arsenal. The process to create Fogbank was lost by 2000, when it was needed for the refurbishment of old warheads. Fogbank was then reverse engineered by the N...
Fogbank
Physics,Chemistry
1,069
65,055,311
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Thomas%20Allen
Eugene Thomas Allen (2 April 1864 – 17 July 1964) was an American pioneer of geochemistry who worked at the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution. Allen was born to Frederick and Harriet Augusta (born Thomas) in Athol, Massachusetts. He received an AB from Amherst College 1887 and studied chemistry at Joh...
Eugene Thomas Allen
Chemistry
292
21,312,140
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative%20comparative%20linguistics
Quantitative comparative linguistics is the use of quantitative analysis as applied to comparative linguistics. Examples include the statistical fields of lexicostatistics and glottochronology, and the borrowing of phylogenetics from biology. History Statistical methods have been used for the purpose of quantitative a...
Quantitative comparative linguistics
Mathematics,Biology
7,706
94,623
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dreaming
The Dreaming, also referred to as Dreamtime, is a term devised by early anthropologists to refer to a religio-cultural worldview attributed to Australian Aboriginal mythology. It was originally used by Francis Gillen, quickly adopted by his colleague Sir Baldwin Spencer and thereafter popularised by A. P. Elkin, who, h...
The Dreaming
Astronomy
2,480
36,974,622
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CytoViva
CytoViva, Inc. is a scientific imaging and instrumentation company that develops and markets optical microscopy and hyperspectral imaging technology for nanomaterials, pathogen and general biology applications. History The company's core optical technology was invented by Vitaly Vodyanoy, Physiology Professor and Dire...
CytoViva
Materials_science
580
41,725,292
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland%20degradation
Grassland degradation, also called vegetation or steppe degradation, is a biotic disturbance in which grass struggles to grow or can no longer exist on a piece of land due to causes such as overgrazing, burrowing of small mammals, and climate change. Since the 1970s, it has been noticed to affect plains and plateaus of...
Grassland degradation
Biology,Environmental_science
2,364
52,777,355
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lundbeck%20Seattle%20Biopharmaceuticals
Lundbeck Seattle Biopharmaceuticals is a pharmaceutical development company based in Bothell, Washington. Formerly known as Alder Biopharmaceuticals, it specializes in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. In May 2014, Alder went public. In early 2018, the company made a public stock offering, aiming to raise . The comp...
Lundbeck Seattle Biopharmaceuticals
Biology
247
40,957
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20communications
In telecommunications, control communications is the branch of technology devoted to the design, development, and application of communications facilities used specifically for control purposes, such as for controlling (a) industrial processes, (b) movement of resources, (c) electric power generation, distribution, and...
Control communications
Technology,Engineering
81
45,206,870
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive%20model%20of%20information%20seeking
The comprehensive model of information seeking, or CMIS, is a theoretical construct designed to predict how people will seek information. It was first developed by J. David Johnson and has been utilized by a variety of disciplines including library and information science and health communication. The CMIS has been e...
Comprehensive model of information seeking
Biology
1,123
2,526,950
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes%20of%20barium
Naturally occurring barium (56Ba) is a mix of six stable isotopes and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks) in 2001. This nuclide decays by double electron capture (absorbing tw...
Isotopes of barium
Chemistry
5,051
29,692,404
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20II%20Cepheid
Type II Cepheids are variable stars which pulsate with periods typically between 1 and 50 days. They are population II stars: old, typically metal-poor, low mass objects. Like all Cepheid variables, Type IIs exhibit a relationship between the star's luminosity and pulsation period, making them useful as standard cand...
Type II Cepheid
Physics,Astronomy
625
3,005,170
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s%20law%20of%20computer%20classes
Bell's law of computer classes formulated by Gordon Bell in 1972 describes how types of computing systems (referred to as computer classes) form, evolve and may eventually die out. New classes of computers create new applications resulting in new markets and new industries. Description Bell considers the law to be par...
Bell's law of computer classes
Technology
838
76,053,079
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALX-1393
ALX-1393 is a glycine reuptake inhibitor. Pharmacodynamics ALX-1393 works by inhibiting the action of GLYT2. This causes elevated levels of glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Potential uses ALX-1393 has been shown to have potential as an analgesic. This is thought to be due to the elevated glycine levels redu...
ALX-1393
Chemistry
130
1,800,596
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20model
An information model in software engineering is a representation of concepts and the relationships, constraints, rules, and operations to specify data semantics for a chosen domain of discourse. Typically it specifies relations between kinds of things, but may also include relations with individual things. It can provi...
Information model
Technology,Engineering
1,805
20,056
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1
MPEG-1 is a standard for lossy compression of video and audio. It is designed to compress VHS-quality raw digital video and CD audio down to about 1.5 Mbit/s (26:1 and 6:1 compression ratios respectively) without excessive quality loss, making video CDs, digital cable/satellite TV and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) p...
MPEG-1
Technology
11,229
42,864,924
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta%20Pictoris
ζ Pictoris, Latinised as Zeta Pictoris, is a solitary star in the southern constellation of Pictor. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.43. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 28.00 mas as seen from the Earth, the system is located 116.5 light years from the Sun. This is an evolvi...
Zeta Pictoris
Astronomy
184
33,024,297
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilotumumab
Rilotumumab (previously AMG102) is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of solid tumors. Rilotumumab was in development by Amgen, Inc. until in November 2014, when Amgen announced it had halted all clinical trials of the compound in advanced gastric cancer (including two Phase III studies) after one ...
Rilotumumab
Chemistry
113
48,133,344
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike%20%28software%20development%29
A spike is a product development method originating from extreme programming that uses the simplest possible program to explore potential solutions. It is used to determine how much work will be required to solve or work around a software issue. Typically, a "spike test" involves gathering additional information or tes...
Spike (software development)
Engineering
254
76,457,599
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriana%20Salerno
Adriana Julia Salerno Domínguez (born 1979) is a Venezuelan-American mathematician, a professor of mathematics at Bates College, and a program director at the National Science Foundation. Her research interests include arithmetic geometry and arithmetic dynamics in number theory. She is also a mathematics blogger, the ...
Adriana Salerno
Mathematics
352
1,081,285
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-set%20triangulation
A triangulation of a set of points in the Euclidean space is a simplicial complex that covers the convex hull of , and whose vertices belong to . In the plane (when is a set of points in ), triangulations are made up of triangles, together with their edges and vertices. Some authors require that all the points of a...
Point-set triangulation
Mathematics
725
52,448,137
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted%20sheaf
In mathematics, a twisted sheaf is a variant of a coherent sheaf. Precisely, it is specified by: an open covering in the étale topology Ui, coherent sheaves Fi over Ui, a Čech 2-cocycle θ for on the covering Ui as well as the isomorphisms satisfying , The notion of twisted sheaves was introduced by Jean Giraud. The...
Twisted sheaf
Mathematics
128
55,268,440
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent%20algebra
A coherent algebra is an algebra of complex square matrices that is closed under ordinary matrix multiplication, Schur product, transposition, and contains both the identity matrix and the all-ones matrix . Definitions A subspace of is said to be a coherent algebra of order if: . for all . and for all . A c...
Coherent algebra
Mathematics
480
12,538,295
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar%20sucker-footed%20bat
The Madagascar sucker-footed bat, Old World sucker-footed bat, or simply sucker-footed bat (Myzopoda aurita) is a species of bat in the family Myzopodidae endemic to Madagascar, especially in the eastern part of the forests. The genus was thought to be monospecific until a second species, Myzopoda schliemanni, was disc...
Madagascar sucker-footed bat
Biology
467
60,468,045
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizzy%20Active%20Lifestyle%20Telephone
The Wizzy Active Lifestyle Telephone (W.A.L.T.) was a prototype "phone companion" created by Apple Computer in collaboration with BellSouth. W.A.L.T. featured "touchscreen, send/receive fax functionality, on-display caller ID, a built-in address book, customizable ringtones, and online banking access". The system was b...
Wizzy Active Lifestyle Telephone
Technology
188
26,233,271
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variator
A variator is a device that can change its parameters, or can change parameters of other devices. Often a variator is a mechanical power transmission device that can change its gear ratio continuously (rather than in steps). Examples Beier variable-ratio gear Continuously variable transmission Evans friction cone ...
Variator
Physics,Engineering
92
1,305,761
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afshar%20experiment
The Afshar experiment is a variation of the double-slit experiment in quantum mechanics, devised and carried out by Shahriar Afshar in 2004. In the experiment, light generated by a laser passes through two closely spaced pinholes, and is refocused by a lens so that the image of each pinhole falls on a separate single-p...
Afshar experiment
Physics
2,189
69,264,543
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20ozonide
Sodium ozonide (NaO3) is an oxygen-rich compound of sodium. As an ozonide, it contains the ozonide anion (O3−). Some experiments report creating sodium ozonide by applying ozone to sodium hydroxide, but the substance was not pure, and the claimed stability at room temperature was contradicted by other reports. This is...
Sodium ozonide
Chemistry
170
516,757
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20camera%20tube
Video camera tubes are devices based on the cathode-ray tube that were used in television cameras to capture television images, prior to the introduction of charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors in the 1980s. Several different types of tubes were in use from the early 1930s, and as late as the 1990s. In these tube...
Video camera tube
Physics,Technology
10,733