id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
73391672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2-18b | K2-18b | K2-18b, also known as EPIC 201912552 b, is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf K2-18, located away from Earth. The planet is a sub-Neptune about 2.6 times the radius of Earth, with a 33-day orbit within the star's habitable zone. This means it receives about a similar amount of starlight as the Earth receives from the... | Physical sciences | Notable exoplanets | Astronomy |
62390939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20crater%20lake | Volcanic crater lake | A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed by explosive activity or a collapse during a volcanic eruption.
Formation
Lakes in calderas fill large craters formed by the collapse of a volcano during an eruption. Lakes in maars fill medium-sized craters where an eruption deposited debris around a vent.
... | Physical sciences | Hydrology | Earth science |
63297153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseverance%20%28rover%29 | Perseverance (rover) | Perseverance is a car-sized Mars rover designed to explore the Jezero crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. It was manufactured by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched on July 30, 2020, at 11:50 UTC. Confirmation that the rover successfully landed on Mars was received on February 18, 2021, at 20:55 ... | Technology | Rovers | null |
58071309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary%20transformation%20%28quantum%20mechanics%29 | Unitary transformation (quantum mechanics) | In quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation describes how a system changes with time. It does this by relating changes in the state of the system to the energy in the system (given by an operator called the Hamiltonian). Therefore, once the Hamiltonian is known, the time dynamics are in principle known. All that rem... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
63319438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19%20vaccine | COVID-19 vaccine | A COVID19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19).
Knowledge about the structure and function of previous coronaviruses causing diseases like severe acute respiratory syndro... | Biology and health sciences | Vaccines | Health |
72092111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box%20turtle | Box turtle | Box turtle is the common name for several species of turtle. It may refer to those of the genus Cuora or Pyxidea, which are the Asian box turtles, or more commonly to species of the genus Terrapene, the North American box turtles. They are largely characterized by having a shell shaped like a dome, which is hinged at t... | Biology and health sciences | Reptiles | null |
66204363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20change%20vulnerability | Climate change vulnerability | Climate change vulnerability is a concept that describes how strongly people or ecosystems are likely to be affected by climate change. Its formal definition is the "propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected" by climate change. It can apply to humans and also to natural systems (or ecosystems). Issues aroun... | Physical sciences | Climate change | Earth science |
74872973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injury | Injury | Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants.
Injuries can be caused in many ways, including mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects, by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an infla... | Biology and health sciences | Illness and injury | null |
61243379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20biopolymer | Synthetic biopolymer | Synthetic biopolymers are human-made copies of biopolymers obtained by abiotic chemical routes. Synthetic biopolymer of different chemical nature have been obtained, including polysaccharides, glycoproteins, peptides and proteins, polyhydroxoalkanoates, polyisoprenes.
Synthesis of biopolymer
The high molecular weight... | Technology | Biotechnology | null |
61262925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20eel | Electric eel | The electric eels are a genus, Electrophorus, of neotropical freshwater fish from South America in the family Gymnotidae. They are known for their ability to stun their prey by generating electricity, delivering shocks at up to 860 volts. Their electrical capabilities were first studied in 1775, contributing to the inv... | Biology and health sciences | Fishes | null |
64767216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%20wing | Bird wing | Bird wings are a paired forelimb in birds. The wings give the birds the ability to fly, creating lift.
Terrestrial flightless birds have reduced wings or none at all (for example, moa). In aquatic flightless birds (penguins), wings can serve as flippers.
Anatomy
Like most other tetrapods, the forelimb of birds consi... | Biology and health sciences | External anatomy and regions of the body | Biology |
63413093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteriornis | Asteriornis | Asteriornis ("Asteria's bird") is an extinct genus of bird from the Late Cretaceous of Belgium which is known from a single species, Asteriornis maastrichtensis. It was closely related to birds of the extant superorder Galloanserae such as chickens and ducks. Members of the genus were small, long-legged birds (~) that ... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric birds | Animals |
54977531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shringasaurus | Shringasaurus | Shringasaurus (meaning "horned lizard", from Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga), "horn", and Ancient Greek (sauros), "lizard") is an extinct genus of archosauromorph reptile from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of India. It is known from the type and only known species, S. indicus. Shringasaurus is known from the Denwa Formation in... | Biology and health sciences | Other prehistoric reptiles | Animals |
63429503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthosoma | Acanthosoma | Acanthosoma is a genus of shield bugs in the family Acanthosomatidae, found in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. There are over 30 described species in the genus Acanthosoma.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Acanthosoma:
Acanthosoma alaticorne
Acanthosoma asahinai
Acanthosoma atayal
Acanthosoma a... | Biology and health sciences | Hemiptera (true bugs) | Animals |
62557527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh%20water | Fresh water | Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mineral-rich waters, such as chalybeate springs. Fresh water may encompass frozen an... | Physical sciences | Water: General | Earth science |
55053716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GW170817 | GW170817 | GW170817 was a gravitational wave (GW) signal observed by the LIGO and Virgo detectors on 17 August 2017, originating from the shell elliptical galaxy NGC 4993, about 140 million light years away. The signal was produced by the last moments of the inspiral process of a binary pair of neutron stars, ending with their me... | Physical sciences | Notable transient events | Astronomy |
59882582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines%20and%20autism | Vaccines and autism | Extensive investigation into vaccines and autism spectrum disorder has shown that there is no relationship between the two, causal or otherwise, and that vaccine ingredients do not cause autism. The American scientist Peter Hotez researched the growth of the false claim and concluded that its spread originated with And... | Biology and health sciences | Vaccines | Health |
58261265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goby | Goby | Goby is a common name for many species of small to medium sized ray-finned fish, normally with large heads and tapered bodies, which are found in marine, brackish and freshwater environments.
Traditionally most of the species called gobies have been classified in the order Perciformes as the suborder Gobioidei but in ... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
58290264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacanidae | Jacanidae | The jacanas (sometimes referred to as Jesus birds or lily trotters) are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found in the tropical regions around the world. They are noted for their elongated toes and toenails that allow them to spread out their weight while foraging on floating or semi-emergent... | Biology and health sciences | Charadriiformes | Animals |
66412282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20change%20in%20Brazil | Climate change in Brazil | Climate change in Brazil is mainly the climate of Brazil getting hotter and drier. The greenhouse effect of excess carbon dioxide and methane emissions makes the Amazon rainforest hotter and drier, resulting in more wildfires in Brazil. Parts of the rainforest risk becoming savanna.
Brazil's greenhouse gas emissions p... | Physical sciences | Climate change | Earth science |
58446217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20cycle | Calcium cycle | The calcium cycle is a transfer of calcium between dissolved and solid phases. There is a continuous supply of calcium ions into waterways from rocks, organisms, and soils. Calcium ions are consumed and removed from aqueous environments as they react to form insoluble structures such as calcium carbonate and calcium si... | Physical sciences | Earth science basics: General | Earth science |
58458383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem%20collapse | Ecosystem collapse | An ecosystem, short for ecological system, is defined as a collection of interacting organisms within a biophysical environment. Ecosystems are never static, and are continually subject to both stabilizing and destabilizing processes. Stabilizing processes allow ecosystems to adequately respond to destabilizing changes... | Biology and health sciences | Ecology | Biology |
67953981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%2011 | Windows 11 | Windows 11 is the latest major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system, released on October 5, 2021. It succeeded Windows 10 (2015), and is available for free for any Windows 10 devices that meet the new Windows 11 system requirements.
Windows 11 features major changes to the Windows shell influenced by the... | Technology | Operating Systems | null |
67955916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Zealand%20Romney | New Zealand Romney | The New Zealand Romney is a New Zealand breed of sheep. It derives from British Romney Marsh stock imported to New Zealand in the nineteenth century, and was established as a separate breed in 1904. It is the most numerous sheep breed in New Zealand.
History
The New Zealand Romney derives from British Romney Marsh s... | Biology and health sciences | Sheep | Animals |
72381976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Means%20of%20communication | Means of communication | Means of communication are used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and an information recipient.
General information
We use many different materials in communication. Maps, for example, save you tedious explanations on how to get to your destination. A means of ... | Technology | Media and communication | null |
72417803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChatGPT | ChatGPT | ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in 2022. It is currently based on the GPT-4o large language model (LLM). ChatGPT can generate human-like conversational responses and enables users to refine and steer a conversation towards a desired length, format, style, level o... | Technology | Artificial Intelligence | null |
68045349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo%20longi | Homo longi | Homo longi is an extinct species of archaic human identified from a nearly complete skull, nicknamed 'Dragon Man', from Harbin on the Northeast China Plain, dating to at minimum 146,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene. The skull was discovered in 1933 along the Songhua River while the was under construction fo... | Biology and health sciences | Homo | Biology |
72482339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine%20lake | Alpine lake | An alpine lake is a high-altitude lake in a mountainous area, usually near or above the tree line, with extended periods of ice cover. These lakes are commonly glacial lakes formed from glacial activity (either current or in the past) but can also be formed from geological processes such as volcanic activity (volcanoge... | Physical sciences | Hydrology | Earth science |
69445009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20surface%20ecosystem | Ocean surface ecosystem | Organisms that live freely at the ocean surface, termed neuston, include keystone organisms like the golden seaweed Sargassum that makes up the Sargasso Sea, floating barnacles, marine snails, nudibranchs, and cnidarians. Many ecologically and economically important fish species live as or rely upon neuston. Species at... | Physical sciences | Oceanography | Earth science |
69453546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basset | Basset | Bassets are a sub-type of scenthound deliberately bred with short legs, that are used for hunting where the hunters accompany the hunting hounds on foot.
History
Bassets were originally developed in France from where they spread throughout Europe and the world. The name basset is derived from the French word bas which... | Biology and health sciences | Dogs | Animals |
68106647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogale | Neogale | Neogale (colloquially referred to as the New World weasels) is a genus of carnivorous, highly active small mammals belonging to the Mustelidae family (which also contains badgers, weasels, martens, otters, and wolverines, among others). Native to the Americas, members of the genus can be found as far north as Alaska an... | Biology and health sciences | Mustelidae | Animals |
63871781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20of%20differential%20equations | System of differential equations | In mathematics, a system of differential equations is a finite set of differential equations. Such a system can be either linear or non-linear. Also, such a system can be either a system of ordinary differential equations or a system of partial differential equations.
Linear systems of differential equations
A first... | Mathematics | Differential equations | null |
66693032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20change%20science | Land change science | Land change science refers to the interdisciplinary study of changes in climate, land use, and land cover. Land change science specifically seeks to evaluate patterns, processes, and consequences in changes in land use and cover over time. The purpose of land change science is to contribute to existing knowledge of cli... | Biology and health sciences | Ecology | Biology |
78370587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20vein | Primary vein | A primary vein, also known as the midrib, is the main vascular structure running through the center of a leaf. The primary vein is crucial for the leaf’s efficiency in photosynthesis and overall health, as it ensures the proper flow of materials and structural integrity.
It serves several critical functions, including... | Biology and health sciences | Plant tissues | Biology |
68371541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20image%20disturbance | Body image disturbance | Body image disturbance (BID) is a common symptom in patients with eating disorders and is characterized by an altered perception of one's own body.
The onset is mainly attributed to patients with anorexia nervosa who persistently tend to subjectively discern themselves as average or overweight despite adequate, clinic... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
69898377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20hydrogen | Natural hydrogen | Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen, geologic hydrogen, geogenic hydrogen, or gold hydrogen) is molecular hydrogen present on Earth that is formed by natural processes (as opposed to hydrogen produced in a laboratory or in industry). A closely related artificially produced form of hydrogen is green hydrogen whic... | Physical sciences | Geochemistry | Earth science |
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