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GURUNANAK DEV LIFEANDTEACIllNGS By _ PROF KARTAR SINGH LAHORE BOOKSHOP 2 LAJPAT RAIMARKET LUDHIANA2008 Published 2 LajpatRaiMarket NearSocietyCinema Ludhiana LaserCaligrapher 4 ShivajiPark Jalandhar SartajPrintingPress JoshiEstate TandaRoad Jalandhar City CONTENTS CHAPfER 1 3 BirthandChildhood 4 5 II 6 7 TheSacrificial Thread 8 HisUniqueSecularOccupations 9 HealsthePhysician 10 TheGoodBargain 11 LifeatSullanpur 12 TheCall 13 TheResponse 14 ExaltstheLowly 15 Talwandi andTulamba 16 AtPakpattan withSheikBrahm 17 18 AtPanipatandDelhi 19 AtHardwar 20 Ajudhia Paryag Benares 21 AtGaya 22 SalisRaitheJewellerofPallia 23 Redemption ofNurShah 24 AtJagannath Puri 25 Rohikhand Sultanpur Talwandi 26 WithSheikhBrahmAgain 27 ALeperHealed 28 Sultanpur KiriPathanan Saidpur 29 HamzaGausandMulaKarar 30 MainMithaPAGE 1 9 17 22 29 33 36 41 46 51 ro 89 96 102 107 111 116 120 123 128 137 142 148 153 156 loo 16531 DuniChandandKatona 170 32 AtKartarpur 176 33 179 34 JainPriestsandPirMakhdum 35 Kanda theCannibal 187 36 RajaShivnabh ofCeylon 37 197 BharthriJogi 38 202 39 Brahmdas of 205 40 Lake 211 41 217 42 222 43 44 233 45 236 46 SettlesatKartarpur 248 47 SchalBataIaandMultan 250 48 AtHometoAllMankind 257 49 BabaBuddha MuslimPirs 261 SO ReturntotheEternalHome 266 51 Recapitulation Z75 52 Glimpses 281 53 TheReligionofGuruNanak 295 305 Miracles 3fJ7CHAPTER I Mterabriefdescription oftheevilswhichprevailed inIndia particularly in Lordheardtheanguished cry andso Nowhatwasthatanguished otherwords whatweretheillsandevils andwhatwerethewrongstocombat andmendorend whichGodtheBeneficent Fatherofhumanity deputedGuru Nanaktolive toil Indeed foraproperand intelligent understanding ofthecontentandsignificance teachings andforajustappreciation oftheaudacious magnitude ofthework whichheundertook andperformed itisessential thatweshouldhavea knowledge ofthetimesinwhichhelived theconditions underwhichhe worked wasaddressed | [
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Weshouldknowthemoral socialandreligious condition of thepeople their economic andpoliticalstatus andthemutualattitudeofthe rulersandtheruled IndiaatthattimewasmostlyundertheMuslimrule Nominally the SultanofDelhiwastheEmperor ofIndia Butactually thecountrywas dividedupamongseveralgovernors whowerequiteindependent intheir ownprovinces | [
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Everyoneofthemdidwithfreedomandimpunity whathe considered toberightinaccordance orhisown conception ofmorality justice andtheological laws Therulersandtheir agentsandofficials bigandsmall werelicentious andhaughtydespotswho roderoughshod onthesubjects | [
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GuruNanakdepictstheircharaCter and conductinsomeexpressive words whichmaybetranslated aredogs VarMalar thekingsarebutchers justicehastakenwingslindflown Inthiscompletely darknightofutterfalsehood themoonoftruthisnever seentorise 2 GURUNANAK Ihavebecomeperplexed inmysearch Intheutterdarkness Ifmdnoway VarMajh ReligionandJihad orexertionforthesakeofreligion hadcometobe usedasareadyexcuse andthorough justification forallsortsofirreligious actsoftorture oppression andtyranny particularly againsttheHindus Tounderstand thecharacteristics oftheMuslimrule itwillbebetter togiveabriefaccountoftheriseofIslamanditsspreadinIndia Toquote SM Latif ArabofthetribeofQuraish whoannounced tohiscountrymen adivine revelation whichhewascommanded topromulgate withthe sword Muhammadpropagated hisreligionwiththesword saidhe Adropofbloodshedinthecause ofGod anightspentinarms isofmoreavailtotheFaithful thantwo monthsoffastingandprayer inJihadorholywar went straightofheaven Inparadise nymphsoffascinating beautyimpatiently waitedtogreethisfirstapproach | [
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Therethegallantmartyrslivedforevera lifeofblissandpleasure freefromsorrowsandliabletonoinconvenience fromexcessinindulgence | [
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Theywouldpossessthousands ofbeautiful slavesandgethousesfurnished withsplendid gardensandwithallthe luxuriesoflifetolivein Suchliberalpromises offuturepleasure addedtoan immediate prospectofrichesandwealth wereenoughtokindlethefrenzy ofthedesertpopulation ofArabia Theirmartialspiritwasarousedandtheir sensualpassions 1Theyoverranallneighbouring countries Everywhere theysatisfied andriches andtheirhighlyinflamed sensualpassions | [
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Rapeandrapine fire andmurder markedtheircourse Theywerenotslowtoenjoyonearththe sensualpleasures whichtheirexertions madethementitledtoinparadise InIndiatheMuhammadan enthcentury Herworstwoesbeganfromthosedays Herwealthwascarried offbyforeigninvaders | [
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Thousands ofhersonsanddaughters weredriven awaytoserveasslavestothegreed lustandpassions oftheconquerors Thesecampaigns were nodoubt 1 S M Latif HistoryofthePunjab pp 3 HavingbeenassuredbytheirProphet ersshedseasofbloodasanactoffaith andinconfident hopesofwinning andsecuring seatsinparadise naticism whichregarded thedestruction nentlypleasing toGod madethemabsolutely pitiless 1AftertheArabian conquerors came theAfghanplunderers | [
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TheraidsofMabmud ofGhazni spreadveritable ruinandhorrorintheland Othersfollowed him Temples weredestroyed andidolswerebrokenandtrampled andlibraries wereburnt houseswereplundered womenwereraped such Hindusasofferedtheleastresistance orgaveeventhefeeblestventtoany resentment wereputtotheswordexultingly women Aftercenturies ofsuchraidsforplunder pleasureanddevastation the Muhammadan invaders resolved toestablish haustible wealthandpleasures | [
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TheMuhammadan occupation oftheland anditsattendant conversion atthepointofsword forcedonthepeoplea foreign despotic ruleandaforeignculture ThePunjabwasthefirsttobe conquered | [
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Theproselytizing zealoftheconquerors onlyincreased withtheir conquests | [
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Invaders cameinquicksuccession | [
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ries thisstruggleforsuzerainty washotandfurious Halfadozendynasties triedtobecomeSultansofDelhi Butallofthemfailedtoestablish anything likeasettledgovernment Whatever swaytheyhadwaslimitedtoasmall territoryroundaboutthecapital Therestofthecountrywasinthehandsof independent Nawabs whowerealawuntothemselves | [
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Miserable indeed wasthecondition ofthepeopleduringthisperiod TheHindussufferedthe most Belowaregivenafewexamples ofthetreatment oftheHindusbythe Muhammadan conquerors andrulersofIndia culledbyMacauliffe fromthe writingsofsomeMuhammadan historians Twarikh byibnAsir itisrecorded Kingof Ghazni thevirtualfounderoftheMuhammadan D 1 V A Smith IndiaintheMohammadan Period p 257 4 GURUNANAK | [
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putPrithviRaj KingofAjmerandDelhi todeathincoldblood He massacred thousands oftheinhabitants ofAjmerandreserved theremainder forslavery AtBenaras too theslaughter oftheHinduswasimmense | [
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None weresparedexceptwomenandchildrenwhowereledintoslavery andthe carnageofthemenwascarriedonuntil asithasbeensaid theearthgrew wearyofthemonotony D theHindutemplesinMeerutand erectedmosques ontheirsites InthecityofKoil nowcalledAligarh he converted theHinduinhabitants toIslambythesword andbeheaded allwho adheredtotheirreligion | [
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InKalinjarhedestroyed onehundredandthirteen temples builtmosques ontheirsites massacred overonelakhHindus and madeslavesofaboutfiftythousand more Itissaidthattheplacebecame blackaspitchwiththedecomposing bodiesoftheHindus itisstatedthatwhenMuhammad Bakhtyar Khiljiconquered Bihar heputtoswordaboutonelakhBrahmins andburntavaluablelibraryofancientSanskritbooks that captured thecityofCambayat atthe headofthegulfofCambay hekilledtheadultmaleHinduinhabitants forthe gloryofIslam setflowingseasofblood sentthewomenofthecountrywith alltheirgold silver andjewels tohisownhome andmadeabouttwenty thousand maidenshisprivateslaves onceaskedhisQaziwhattheMuhammadan lawprescribed for Hinduswas TheQazireplied fromthem theyought tooffergold hammadan theHindushouldopenitwide forthepurpose | [
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GodcreatedHindustobesalvesoftheMuhammadans | [
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The Prophethathordained that iftheHindusdonotacceptIsiam theyshouldbe imprisoned tortured andfinallyputtodeath andtheirproperty confiscated thatwhenthe Emperor tookthecityofBhilsa inBhopal hedestroyed allitsHindutemples tookawaytheiridols placedtheminfront ofhisfort andhadthemdailybathedwiththebloodofathousand Hindus 1 LSummarised SikhReligion vol i Introduction 5 whohadbuiltanewtemple tobeexecuted payingJizya inaMusalman country AftertheTughlaks cametheSayyidsandtheLodhis Allofthemwere fiercebigots too offerlittlebutscenesofbloodshed tyranny andtreachery 1 ThisbringsustothetimesinwhichGuruNanakwasborn Behlol D Bythetimethatihe Gurugrewtomanhood Sikandar D thethrone Underhim thestateassumed athoroughly terandofficially imposed IslamontheHindus totheMubomedan religion andmadeapointofdestroying allHindu templesandplacesoflearning | [
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Toaholymanwhosaidthattointerfere withthereligionofthesubjectswasnotproperforaking Sikandar inghissword said doyoumaintain thepropriety oftheHindu AhmadKhan theGovernor ofLucknow causehehad viewingthemoralpractices oftheHindus cutethem ABrahman whosenamewasBoodban beingupraided by someMubomedans onaccountofhisfaith maintained thatallreligions ifsincerely practised wereequallyacceptable toGod Sikandar summoned himtodefendhisopinioninhispresence againstoveradozenMuhomedan 1 A Smith IndiaintheMohamlrUUkln Periodp 250 2 IshwariPrasad HistoryofMedieval India p 481 ReadalsowhatElphinstone writesinthisconnection India Hedestroyed thetemplesinthetownsandfortsthathetookfromHindus andheforbadethepeopletoperformpilgrimages andbathingoncertainfestivals atplacesonthesacredstreamswithinhisowndominions | [
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Ononeoccasion he foraBrahmin havingbeenactivein propagating thedoctrine ifsincerely practised wereequally acceptable hesummoned himtodefendhisopinion inhispresence againsttwelveMuhomedan andonhisrefusing torenounce histolerant maxims HistoryofIndia p 410 6 GURUNANAK divines Aftermanyarguments thelearnedmenwereoftheopinionthat unlesstheinfidel whomaintained theHinduworship ceptable toGodasthatoftheTrueFaith renounced hiserrorandadopted theMuhomedan religion heoughttosufferdeath TheHindurefusedto apostatise andwasaccordingly executed whiletheMussalman doctors wererewarded withgifts Lodhiand wastorturedbyhim Wehavetoremember asSmithcallshim thatGuruNanakbeganhiscrusadeagainstthe tyrannyofirresponsible bigotsandautocrats andthecorruptpractices of Islam anddeclaredfromthehousetops thatallhumanbeingswerethesons ofthesameFatherand hence equalinallrespects in political rightsasinreligious Asweshallsee GuruNanakwas whoinformed hismajestythatafaqir whosetenetsweredifferent from thoseoftheQuranandtheVedas wasopenlypreaching tothepeople and theimportance whichhewasassuming might intheend proveseriousto thestate Ithasbeenseen onthetestimony ofaMuslimwriterthatitwas religious fanaticism aswellasadesireforplunderandsensualsatisfaction thathadprompted theMuslims toinvadeIndia Whenestablished here theirofficially avowedpolicywasthepropagation ofIslam allwaysandmeans howeverunholy weredeemed properandjustified | [
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Persecution oppression bribery economic caldisabilities andallotherconceivable meanswereemployed toforcethe Hindustoforsaketheirreligion | [
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InthetheoryofMuslimStatetheinfidels hadnoplace GodwastheSupreme Lord TheMuhammadan kingwasHis Deputyonearth Assuch itwashisdutytospread asfaraslayinhis power thereligionofGodasproclaimed bytheProphet Allotherreligions werefalseand hence notworthytolive NodissentfromIslamwastobe tolerated | [
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Thefaithfulwascommanded I Summarized bookreferredtoabove 2 Macauliffe cit op vol i xliv 3 S M Latif cit op p 245 7 evertheywerefound If ever theirconversion orextinction wasnotpracticable oradvisable they couldbepermitted toliveasanecessary asthepriceoftheirlifethus spared theyhadtopayJjziaandbehavewithhumility andreverence ingasubjectrace 2 Thispolicy sanction behindit gavefreereinsto thelust greedandpassions ofallwhohadanypoweroverthepeople The lowestviedwiththehighestinshowing exertion notonlyyieldedimmediate gratification butalsopromised graceandlastingpleasures inParadise | [
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Wecanwellimaginethecondition of theHinduzimmies i ethosewhopaidJiziaasthepriceoftheirlife AsS M Latifsays population was subjecttopersecution bytheMuhammadan rulers crime corruption andsinprevailed allround Boththerulersandtheruled theoppressors andtheoppressed weredeepdowninmoraldegradation Thismoraldegradation bornofpowerfreelyexercised andbrutally affectedalsothereligious beliefandpracticeofthevictors The impactofHinduism onIslamwasalsonotwithoutitseffects Wholesale conversion ofthelowerranksoftheHindusocietynecessitated tionoftheuncompromising monotheism ofIslam Thenewconverts could notbemadetogiveupentirelytheirgodsanddeitiesthathadbecome too closelyinterwoven withthethoughts andhabitsofthepeople Theywere 1 Butwhenthesacredmonthsareelapsed everyoufmdthem andseizethem andbesiegethemandlieinwaitforthemat everyplace Butiftheyturnandkeepuptheprayerandpaythestatedalms then letthemaloneontheirpath Andifanyoneofthepagansasktheeforrefuge then HolyQuran IX 5 6 totheinfidelsthatiftheydesistfromtheirunbelief whatisnowpast shallbeforgiven them HolyQuran VIII 38 39 country Shafimaintains tionisincurred reducethamtoslavery thusallowing them asitwere arespiteduringwhichit maypleaseGodtodirectthemintotherightpath butmaking atthesametime theirpersons andsubstance subservient tothecauseofIslam Encyclopaedia ofIslamquotedbySirJ N Sarkar 3 HistoryofthePanjab p 240 8 GURUNANAK unabletoconceive ofGodwhocouldbeapproached specially astheywerenotgivenanidol picture oranyother likeness toaidtheirvisualization oftheProphet | [
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Suchabstractconceptions unaidedbyvisiblerepresentation weretoomuchforthem SotheMuslim divineshadtoprovidefortheneedofthenewconverts | [
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Theresultwasthat numerous intercessors werecreatedandheldupforhomageinopposition to theHindugodsandgoddesses | [
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Therewereotherreactions also prouddistinctions ofcasteandthereverence showntotheBrahmins failto attractthenoticeandadmiration ofthebarbarous victors SheikhsandSaiyads hadaninnateholinessassigned tothem andMughals andPathanscopied theexclusiveness oftheRajputs Newsuperstitions alsoemulated lity SaintsandMartyrs equalled KrishnaandBhairon inthenumberoftheirmiracles andtheMuhammadans almostforgotthe unityofGodinthemultitude ofintercessors whoseaidtheyimplored By andby theMuslimdivines Sheikhs Saiyads Mullas andFaqirs cameto havethesameswayoverthesuperstitious ansastheBrahmins Pandits Magic spells andpenances oftheHindupractices werefreely employed tomaintain andstrengthen thisholdonthecredulous Muslim masses ideal TheMullas withheirwilesandsuperstitions heldthefield TheMuhammadan masses understood littleoftherealteachings oftheArabian Prophet | [
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TheMullas andMaulvis whoshouldhaveenlightened thepeopleinthismatter only triedtokeeptheirholdonthembydiverting theirattention tials Hence withmostoftheMuharnmadans aswiththeirHinduneighbours religionhadcometobeamatterofforms ceremonies andobservances | [
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The placeoftheHinduidolshadbeentakenbytombsofPirs FaqirsandShahids whichcametoberegarded asplacesofpilgrimage andworship | [
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Theignorant Muhammadan masses underthepatronage ofMullasaridFaqirs visitedthe tombsonspecialdayswithsuitableofferings bowed knelt andprostrated beforethem andofferedprayersforallsortsofworldlygiftsandbenefits Thus withtheMuhammadans religionhadcometomeanbutlittlemore thananinjunction forthepersecution oftheHindus asanctionforallsortsof licentiousness vice andasystemrequiring theperformance of meaningless ritesandceremonies | [
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Itnolongerinspired itsvotariestoalifeofdevotion morality andhumankindliness 1 Cunningham p 33 CHAPTER 2 areligious people Indiahasbeenthe ofmanyreligions andsystemsofreligious philosophy | [
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Evenatthe timewhenotherpeopleswereimmersed issavageignorance theHindusin ofaveryhighstandard | [
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But unfortunately theHindusocietytookawrongturninginquiteearlydays Aqueerdivision oflabourwasdevisedbyitsscholars whowerecalledBrahmins | [
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Toensure perfectleisureandcomfortforthemselves theyinventedVarnashram Dharma | [
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Theriskyandthearduoustasksoffightingtheenemies andproducing andproviding thenecessities andcomforts oflife trustedtoothers TheprieststOokuponthemselves thedutyofoffering prayersandperforming religions ritesandceremonies batants thetillersofsoil theartisans andthemenials | [
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Theleisurethus obtained wasutilizedbythesecleverpeoplefordevising complicated and impressive ceremonials whichcouldnotbeperformed butbythemselves Gradually theycametobethecustodians anddispensers ofreligionand religious knowledge | [
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Thecommon peopleunderstood littleofthesacred books portionsofwhichwerereadouttothembythepriestsonspecial occasions | [
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Infact Brahmins alonecouldstudythescriptures | [
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Thewouldnot instructothers wasthatalargepartof thepeopleweredeniedthesolaceofreligionandprayer oradirectapproach toGodandgods Godwasnotforthem Religion wasnottheirconcern They werenotpermitted eventohearthesacredhymnsorapproach theido lsand temples | [
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Savageandseverewerethepunishments prescribed forsuchof thesewretched peopleastransgressed thelaw lTheyhadtorestcontentwith servingthehigherclasses asthehigherclassescalledthemselves | [
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Suchwasthemiserable lotof 1 ofGalltamthatifaShudar evenheartheVeds readtheVeds hisbodymust becutintwain cit op vol i p l f n 10 GURUNANAK theunfortunate Shudras | [
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ThatofVaishyas wasonlyalittlebetter They too hadtotoilandmoilforothers They too couldnotstudythesacredbooks Brahmins didthatworkforthem minscholars | [
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cametobeasourceofmucheviland misery andanexcuseformanifold tyranny BythetimeofGuruNanaktheHindureligionwasatitslowestebb Its and initsplace therehadgradually sprungupa areligionoffonDSandceremonials devoidofanysense ormeaning | [
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Religion hadbeenreducedtoamockery | [
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to specialwaysofbathingandpaintingtheforehead andothersuchmechanical observances | [
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Theworshipofidolswherever theywerepermitted toexist pilgrimage toGangesandothersacredplaced wherever theywereallowed theobservance ofcertainceremonies likethemaritalandfuneralrites the obedience tothemandates oftheBrahmans andlavishing charitable gifts uponthem constitued almostthewholeofHinduism asitwasthemcurrent amongthemasses TheBrahmins had asstatedabove gradually eievatedthemselves into anecclesiastical hierarchy andbecometheselfmade custodians oflawand religion Theyconsidered themselves tobeaspecially favoured aprivileged class themselves notonlyasthecustodians gion butalsoasdispensers ofreligionandreligious knowledge | [
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Theyalone intbeirestimation wereofa lowerintellectual andreligious order devoidofthenecessary capacity for understanding thescriptures | [
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ButtheBrahmins too pletelydevoidofanyrealspiritofreligion turesbyheartButtheyneitherunderstood norpractised theteachings tainedinthesacredtextswhichtheymechanically tion Veryoften intheirpractical life theywerejusttheoppositeofwhatthe scriptures required themtobe Theyhadfallen bothmorallyandspiritually 1 SirG C Narang Transfonnation ofSikhism p 5 2 andthisadmittedly ledtoserious abuses andBrahmins communicated theirinstructions skrit HencereligiousJnstruction could Hindus dentoinstructShudarsandwomeninthesacredlore 11 Stilltheynotonlyclaimedtobeadviserstothemultitudes ofHindugods regarding thegiftstobebestowed onthemortals ortheevilstobeaverted fromtheirheads butalsopretended tobeamysterious trafficbetween thisworldandthenext Inthatcapacity theyundertook to transport food clothing utensils etc giventhemfortheirownuse tothe deadrelatives ancestors orgodsofthepious ignorant andsuperstitious people TheBrahmin thusatesumptuous dinners rialgiftsandpleasures andassuredhisdupesthateverythinghadbeen passedontothedesiredpersonsintheotherworld Ofcourse thedevotee hadtopayadequate conveyance charges 1 Thisstateofaffairs whichhadcomeaboutgradually wasproductive ofatleastthreenoticeable starvation andstagnation on anddomineering ecclesiastical andthesplittingupoftheHindu societyintomanysectionswhichwereveryoftenmutually ous Thusreligion insteadofbeingaunifyingprinciple andasourceofmoral andspiritual elevation hadcometobethecauseofmentalandspiritual slavery moraldegeneration anddisruption oftheHindusociety IftheBrahmins monopolized religious knowledge and thus brought aboutreligious andmoraldegeneration oftheHindusociety thepartwhich thewarriorclass theKashattriyas playedaftertheMuhammadan tionoftheland wasquiteasbaneful Onebyone theyhadfoundthemselves nomatchfortheforeigninvaders | [
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Makingavirtueofnecessity theyhad thrownintheirlotwiththeMuhammadan rulers Proudoftheirhighdescent theydespised thecommon people Theyhadnosympathy withthemasses RathertheyjoinedhandswiththeMuhammadan rulersintheirexploitation andoppression oftheHindupopulace | [
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Mutually jealousanddisunited they hadnotbeenabletoofferaunitedfronttotheinvadersandhadthusallowed thelandtobe conquered andoccupied | [
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Theirmutualjealousy madethem rejoiceoverthefallandhumiliation madanrulers Thisstateofaffairshadmadethemsinkstillfurther Theygrew weakanddegraded physically morally andspiritually | [
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Thoughts ofliberty andindependence neverdisturbed them Theywerecontenttobeartheyoke 1 KartarSingh LifeofGuruGobindSingh 12 GURUNANAK beacause inthatwayalonetheycouldenjoytheirlandsandpositions | [
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They hadcometobepillarsofthetyrarmical ruleoftheMuslimsandwillingagents oftheiroppression andpersecution Allthesame themasseswerebitterlyagainstthegallingyokeof tyranny Buttheirsocallednaturalleaders whoshouldhaveliberated them hadjoinedhandswiththeoppressors | [
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Wecanimaginehowharditmust havegonewiththecommon people | [
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Others thoseinpower snatched awaya substance andleftthempoor unhappy andstarving | [
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Fortheirbeingengaged inusefulprofessions spisedandinsulted ThustheBrahmins andtheKashattriyas spective dutyofinstructing anddefending thepeople Theonslaught of theMuhammadans hadunnerved them Thesevereproselytizing campaign startedandsteadilymaintained bytheMuhammadans spreadconfusion andconsternation amongtheHinduranks Inordertoappeaseandplease theirMuhammadan mastersandneighbours language dress andwaysoflife Theymeeklyboreallinsultsand dishonours sothattheymightbesufferedjusttolive Inshort cametotallydemoralized inanyform andatanysacrifice becamesupreme | [
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Thepriests the hereditary guardians ofHinduism lazyandlifelesslikeallhereditary bentsofhighpositions couldnotuniteallHindustogether andbyone unitedactionhurlbackthewavesofinvasion | [
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Notbeingabletoplaythe partofCharlesMartelorPeter theHermit andfightintheopenfield they shutthemselves upintheimpregnable fortressofcaste legedweretakenin therestwereallowedtofighttheirownbattleasbestas theycould dusweresaved themajority ofothersfellaneasypreytotheproselytizing zealofIslam Theconversion tightened thecasterestrictions andatightening ofthecasterestrictions ledtofurther conversions | [
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Andsoon Ontheotherhand theimpactofIslamonHinduism wasproducing noticeable effects ofanewpeople whoequalledorsurpassed Kashattriyas invalour whodespised thesanctityofBrahmans 13 authoritatively proclaimed theunityofGodandHisabhorrence ofimages begangradually tooperateonthemindsofthemultitudes calledeventhelearnedtothesimpletenetsoftheVedas whichShanker Acharya haddisregarded | [
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Theoperation wasnecessarily slow ingsystemofpowersandemanations hadbeenadaptedwithmuchindustry tothelocalorpeculiardivinities oftribesandraces andinthelapseofages thelegislation ofManuhadbecomecloselyinterwoven withthethoughts andhabitsofthepeople Stilltheleavenwascast Thepopularbeliefbecame | [
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wasshaken tentedwithwhattheBrahmins hadtotellthemofGodand gods Severalattempts weremadebygiftedHinduscholarsandsaintsto chaos AsCunningham putsit andGorakhhadpreached religious equality andChaitanhad repeatedthatfaithlevelledcaste Kabirhaddenounced images andappealed tothepeopleintheirowntongue andValabhhadtaughtthateffectual tionwascompatible withtheordinarydutiesoftheworld Butthesegoodand ablemenappeartohavebeensoimpressed withthenothingness ofthislife thattheydeemedtheamelioration tobeunworthy ofathought Theyaimedchieflyatemancipation frompriestcraft orfromthe grossness ofidolatryandpolytheism | [
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Theyformedpiousassociations of contented Quietists ortheygavethemselves uptothecontemplation of futurityinthehopeofapproaching bliss ratherthancalledupontheirfellow creatures tothrowasideeverysocialaswellasreligious trammel andtoarise anewpeoplefreedfromthedebasing corruption ofages Theyperfected formsofdissentratherthanplantedthegermsofnations andtheirsects remaintothisdayastheyleftthem Suchwerethetimes ThecountrywasmostlyundertheMuslimrule Withbutafewexceptions therulerswereferocious rants Theirofficials werecorruptandunscrupulous | [
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ticefortheweakandthepoor andnexttononefortheHindus Islamwas beingpropagated withafreeuseofthesword persecution persuasion and everyothermeans fairorfoulHindutempleswerebeingdemolished and replaced erection ofnewoneswas prohibited andreligious observances andpilgrimages werebanned ThestateonthingsinthePanjab 1 Cunnigham cit op p 38 14 GURUNANAK wasthetirsttobeconquered | [
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Itlaybetween twopowerful Mohammadan capitals TheMoslem Govenunent wasmostthoroughly established there Thewaveofproselytism hadspreadtherewithanoverwhelming force andthePanjabcontained the largestnumberofconverts toIslam AllvestigeofHindugreatness hadbeen obliterated Thosewhohadescapedconversion hadlostalmostallthat lendsdignityandgracetolifeanddistinguishes religionfromsuperstition andcant andservility andhadareligious bentofmind and deathinloneliness ofthedesertortheretirement oftheforest and lived singleminded investigators ofTruth Thus withregardtopoliticalstatusandsocialandreligious rights the Hinduswereinaverysorrypredicament | [
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Theirrelations withtheirpowerful Muhammadan neighbours weregenerally notatallhappy Inthewordsof Latif andhatredexistedinthosetimesbetween theHindus andMuhammadans Amongthemselve too theHinduswerefarfrombeing unitedoratpeace Apartfromthepoliticalrivalryofthosewhohadmanaged toretainpowerandpositionatthehugesacrifice dence therewastheaccursed systemofcastes dividing thepeopleinto mutually hostilegroupsandcondemning alargesectionofthepeopletoa mostwretched anddespicable condition | [
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Itwasnowonder then thatthe Hindusandpersecuted bythe powerful Muhammadans | [
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Infact thenewconverts toIslamweregenerally fiercerbigotsandmorefieryfanaticsthantherestThenaturalleadersofthe Hindushadalliedthemselves withtheMuhammadan tyrantsandsuckedthe Thepriests whowerethecustodians anddispensers gionandreligious knowledge hadbecomebaseandcorrupt amatterofformsandsymbols lackingreallife andspirit Therewasadeepdegradation allround Themassesweresunklow invice ignorance andsuperstition sioninseveralfonns TheimpactofIslamandHinduism oneachotherhad unsettled thepopularbeliefofboththeHindusandtheMuhammadans | [
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The 1 SirG C Narang citop 2 Macauliffe TheSikhReligion vol i Intp xli 15 MullasorMuhanunadan divineswereasdevoidoftruereligionastheHindu priestswere ThePeoplewere therefore dissatisfied gions Afewattempts madetointroduce reformshadmetwithbutpartialand limitedsuccess Moreover noreligious reformer hadappeared inthePanjab where asalreadystated thestateofthingswasthedarkestandtheneedfor reformswasthegreatest Therehasbeenageneralbeliefamongallpeoplesincetheearliesttimes thatgreatleadersandteachers founders ofnewsystemsarebornintimesof greatsocialandpoliticaldepression andreligious confusion | [
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Indeed allgreat religions oftheworldhadtheirbirthinthedarkestofsuchuglytimes Tothe IndianpeopleLordKrishnahadproclaimed thereisdecayofrighteousness 0Bharta andthereisexaltation ofunrighteousness thenImyselfcomeforth Fortheprotection ofthegood forthedestruction forthesakeoffIrmlyestablishing teousness Iambornfromagetoage Therewasthusatradition whichhad withthesteadilyworsening state ofthings developed intoafinnconviction thattheresoonwouldcomea Deliverer whowoulddeliverthewretched peopleoutofthehandsoftheir enemies andreformorliquidate theoppressors | [
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Itwasalsobelieved thatthe timehadcomeforthefulfIlment oftheprophecy recorded intheBhavwikht PuranandforthepromiseheldforthintheGilabeingmadegood Thetradition andthebeliefturnedouttobetrue InthePanjabitself wherethepressure oftyrannyandoppression wastheheaviest wherethe gripofthebigotedrulerswasthetightest wherethedarkness ofsinand ignorance wasthethickest andwherethecondition ofthepeople larlythatoftheHindus wastheworstandmostdeplorable wasbornaGreat Onewhowastoworkveritable wondersandtostartapeaceful powerful and revolution intheprevalent hisfellQwcreatures tothrow tranunel andtoariseanewpeoplefreedfromthecorruption apostleoflove freedom andequality placingmanandwoman thekingand thebeggar onsocialandspiIitualequality whowastofoundaHolyFellowship ofGod wherethelowestwastobeequalwiththehighest inraceasincreed inpoliticalrightsasinreligious GURUNANAK heartasdistinguished fromareligionofexternalfonnsandunavailing ritual andtoinculcate loveanddevotion aswellasthelessonthatasmensowso selfishness avarice andworldliness in general butwasalsotoshowthatthehighestworldlyambition wasnot incompatible sanction andapproval onallworldlypursuits provided dulgedinatthecostofrighteousness the practiceofthosewho unwilling tofightthebattleoflife retiredfromthe worldunderthepretenceofcultivating andlivedasparasites on thing outofthe deeppitofdespondency anddemoralization intowhichtheyhadsunkandto improve andaspirations consciousness monnationality andtosetthemtomarchontheroadtoemancipation fromall whowastoraisehisvoice fearlessofconsequences tice tyranny who whichenabledhissuccessor GuruGobind Singhtofirethemindsofhiscountrymen tosowtheseed ofanationofSaintWarriors handsandtopurgethemofthefilthwhichfilledtheirheartsandbrutalized farandwide adoctrinewhichwouldcement allsectionsofthepeopleandbindthemtogetherwithunbreakable bondsof sympathy love andmutualregard Thatgreatpersonality was GuruNanak thefounderoftheSikhreligionandcreatoroftheSikhnation 1 Hewastothusdescribe theMuhammadan rulersandthestateofIndiainhis kingsarebutchers justicehastakenwingsandflown Inthiscompletely darknightoffalsehood themoonoftruthisneverseento nse Ihavebecomeperplexed Inthedarkness Ifindnoway 3 BIRTHANDCHILDHOOD GuruNanak whowastodoallthisandmore wasbornatTalwandi inthe presentdistrictofShekhupura onthethirddayofthelighthalfof BaisakhinSamvatyear1526 corresponding tofifteenth dayofApril1469 AD lTalwandi isnowcalledNankana teachertowhomithadthehonourtogivebirth 2Itwasthenasmallvillage awayfromseatsof powerandtyranny awayfromcentresoflearninganddryphilosophy faroff fromthearenaofpolitical strifeandstruggle andawayfromthehorrid eningscenes enactedbyreligious bigotryalliedwithpoliticalpower Itwasin theseclusion wasborn RaiBhoe aRajputofBhatticlanandretaineroftherulerofDelhi had beenitsfounderandPropriet9r | [
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Hehadownedaboutadozenvillagesaround Talwandi | [
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Afterhisdeath hisson RaiBular hadsucceeded him BothRai Bularandhisfatherwerenewconverts toIslam Theyhadaccepted the religionoftherulersundertheeffectsofforceortheinfluence ofsomeother powerful persuasion | [
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But unlikemostconverts theywereneitherfanatics norbigots RaiBhoewasawarriorandhadmadehimselfthemasterofagreat tractoffertileland Peopleofbothpersuasions weretreatedbyhimequally In consequence hehadcometobelovedandhonoured byall Hisson Rai Bular wasofaquiet religious temperament HelovedthesocietyofSadhus 1 Thebirthanniversary oftheGuruisnowadays celebrated onthefullmoon dayof Kartick Foradiscussion ofthequestionwhethertheGuruwasborninBaisakhor Kartick pleaseturntoAppendix A 2 Thefactthat likenumerous others thisholyplaceoftheirs alongwithitsvast fertilelandsandproperty hasbeentakenawayfromthemandtheyarenot permitted tovisit maintain andmanageitaccording tions gnawing grieftotheSikhs Itisno wonder then thatintheirdailyprayerstheyfervently callupontheBenign Almighty Lordofalltosoarrangetheschemeofthingsthattheymayagainbeable tovisit serve maintain andmanagetheholyplaceanditsproperties astheyused todobeforethePartition 18 GURUNANAK andFaqirs HebadnoneofthefIreofbatredthatwasthenraginginthe breastsoftheIndianfollowers oftheArabianPropbet Thiswas nodoubt partlyduetohisbeingoutoftouchwiththeoutsideMuhammadan world wherebigotrywasmakingabellofthisland Talwandi wasawayfromthe tumultsandexcitements brutalityandfanaticjsm oftheouterworld Butthere wasalsoadeepersourceofhistoleration forhiserstwbile | [
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As atrulyreligious manandnotafanatic RaiBularwasinspiredwitbsympathy forthedowntrodden persecuted race WesballfIndhowthishumantouchin hisnaturemadehimdiscern longbeforemanyothersdid thetruelightinthe DivineChildwhowasborninhisvillage MehtaKalianDas morepopularly knownasMehta KaIu wastheAgentandChiefAccountant ofRaiBular allyquitewelloff Hebelonged totheBedisectionoftheKashattriya caste Becauseofhispositionandpersonality hecommanded therespectofthe wholetappaordistrict lRaiBularhadfullconfIdence inhim Asonandthe rainare inIndia alwaysregarded aswelcome giftsofGod Thebirthofason especially thatofafirstone isanoccasionofgreatrejoicing | [
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Butthejoythat filledthebeartofMehtaKaluwasunusually greatTbeattendant nursehad toldhimthatshehadneverseenabirthofababelikethisbefore Toher simple unsopbisticated hadappeared surcharged withsomething supernatural | [
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Shebadbeardgay invisible voiceshailingthe Tbebabyitselfhadlookedquite different fromallsbehadseenbefore wiseman belplessbabe Tberebadbeenseen abalo aroundbishead Wecanimaginethedelightandbappiness whichmusthave fIlledtheheartofMehtaKalu whenbebeardthesedetailsfromthelipsofthe simplenurse LikeallHindus thehappyfathersentforthefamilyastrologer Hardial | [
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Onbearingwbatthenursehadtosay HardialissaidtohavebeenfIlledwithamysterious aweandwonder Before consulting hisbooksanddetermining thestarsunderwbichthebabyhad beenborn hewantedtohavealookatit Itwasanunusualrequest but importunities prevailed | [
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Theastrologer whohadseenhundreds of 1 fatherwasarespectable man andwastr eatedbythevillagepeopleastheir head cit op p 241 BIRTHANDCillLDHOOD 19 babiesinhislife discerned inthisonealightthatwastofillalllandsandto guideallpeopletotheEternalAbodeoftheSupreme sober solemnjoy thatwastolightentheburdenofmanyawearyforlorn oppressed spiritual grandeur less wandering lovethatwastoknitallHindus Muslims shipofSoldiersofGodandBrothers andacompassion that wastoameliorate thewretched condition ofhumanbeings oppressed and repressed bytheirpowerful fellowmen | [
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Theastrologer bowedbeforethe singular infant Hecongratulated MehtaKalu saying indeed artthou 0Mehta tohavesuchaoneasthyson Hewillbeauniqueking holdingswayovervastdominions andadoredbyallsectionsofhumanity Hisfameandnamewillspreadfarbeyondthefrontiers ofIndia ThoughI shallnotlivelongenoughtowitnesshisconquest oftheworld yetIam happytohaveseenhim Iamblessed SweetashoneywerethesewordstoMehtaKaluandhiswife Mala Tripta Kaluwasamanoftheworld Herejoiced tothinkthathisonlyson wouldacquirefame wealthandrule Inaccordance withthepractice which somewhat stillprevailsinthisland theinfantwasnamedNanakafterhiselder sister BebeNanaki namedafter themareespecially deartoIndiansisters own brother Thus apparently quitebyaccident butprobably alastingbondwasestablished between thebrotherand thesister Hesharedhername Weshallseethathecametoownhervery soul Shealone ofallhisfamily discerned ataveryearlytime theEternal Lightthatshoneinthecountenance ofherdivinebrother Allwhobeheldthisinfantfeltdrawntowardshim Restinginhiscradle orlyinginthelovingarmsofhiskithandkin theinfantwouldeversmilesuch abeaming smilethatallwhosawhimfeltanunknown joystealingintotheir 1 NanakeisaPanjabiwordmeaning AchildbornatnanakehomeisusuallycalledNanak ifmale andNanaki iffemale BebeNanakihadbeennamedinaccordance withthatcustom havingbeenbornin hernanakehome GURUNANAK heartsandelatingtheirsouls Henevercriedbuteversmiledandplayed Whenhewasabletowalk thesamejubilance markedhimwherever hewent Soon anothertraitofhispersonality becamevisible Whenever abegger a needyman orafaqir calledatthedoor hewouldrunin takeholdofwhatever articleoffoodorclothinghecouldgetat and withabeaming compassionate face deliveritintothehandsofthemendicant Littledidbisfatherrelishsuch unbounded Atanearlyunripeageoffive hebegantotalkofdivinethings When hewasamonghisplaymates hewould attimes selfandbidthemrepeatafterhimthenameoftheFormless Lord Atother times hewouldrunandjump friskandgambol atthebeadofhislittleband Whenallalone hewouldsometimes eyes Those whobeheldhimthusoccupied werestruckattheradiance andglorythat emanated fromhiscalm rosycountenance | [
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Buthisfatherlikednotthese signsinhisonlyson Hewantedtoseehimbecomeagreat manoftheworld Asstatedalready Talwandi wassecluded madanworld Itsfounderhad insteadofmolesting andpersecuting dus ofotherplaces livedatpeacewithhisneighbours HinduSadhusfoundhospitable shelterintheforestsroundaboutTalwandi AfterRaiBhoe hisson RaiBular hadfollowed inthefootsteps ofhisfather Onthataccount bandsofSadhusquiteoftenvisitedthelocality Thechild GuruNanak tookgreatpleasure invisitingthem Hewouldsitbythemfor hours Hewouldofferthemwhatarticleoffoodhecouldlayhishandsonat home Whatwerehisthoughts ashesatthere lookingatthosewhomhewas destined toteachatruerrenunciation thanamerequittingofthefamilyand realization thosewandering Sadhus everhaveavisionofwhatthechild MehtaKaluwassorelytroubledoverthestrangewaysofGuruNanak effortsofMataTripta theMehtacouldnotbut Howcouldaman whoseheart wasafterstoringwealthandricbesinthisworld Thelatterpromised toobeyhisfather charity was inhisgrain TheDivineurgewouldnotlethimbewhathisfatherwouldmakeBIRTHANDCHILDHOOD 21 ofhim Hissoulwasinconstantcommunion withtheSupremeSoul Hecould notresisttheseearlycallstoalifethatwastobehisintimestocome The Mehtareproached theastrologer forhavingpredicted agreatandglorious wealthandhonourforhimselfandhispeople Yet hehasbeguntheother way HeseemsbentuponthrowingawaywhatlittleIhavehonestlygathered wouldnotgivein How couldheletitbesupposed thathisscience onwhichhedepended forhis sustenance wasfalse hewouldsay andlands Judgehimnottoohastily dards 4 TEACHES I Atlast thefondfather intentonmoulding hissonafterhisownheart childtoschool keephimawayfromhomeforthedaytime andthusstophiswasteful duct HewillalsohavenotimetogoabouthuntingafterSadhusandFaqirs andimbibetheirways | [
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Perhaps thusweanedfromsuchdistractions hemay into myshoeswhenIam gone Likeadutifulsonthathewas GuruNanakreadilyagreedtodoas bidden dayMehtaKaIutookhisson destined tobea toaPandha aBrahmin schoolmaster him however discovered nosuchtraitinhisnewpupil Hefoundhimquickto learnandreadytoobey ThePandhafeltnotalittlepuzzledoverwhat apppeared tohimeitheranunheardofprecocity fulmiracle Allhislifehehadseennosuchpupil Thechildlearnttowriteinan amazingly shorttime master Oneday GuruNanaksatalittleapart apparently engrossed inwriting Theschoolmaster watchedhimwithinterestHe hadalreadydiscovered thathisnewpupilwasnoordinary child Hehadseen himatplay leadingthewholeband Hehadoftenwatchedhimclosehiseyes andsitforhoursasifinecstacy Hewassurethatitwasnotsleep Hehad lookedintothemysterious eyesofhisstrangecoach Sometimes theywould shinewithunbounded theyseemedtobedeep ablewellsatthebottomofwhichwasseenreflected allthatagonywhich afflicted theworld Hispupilshadalsotoldhim youleavethe forawhile Nanakgathersusroundhimselfandmakesusall repeatafterhimthenameoftheOmnipotent Formless Lord Atsuchtimes hisfacealwaysappearstoberadiantwithanunearthly light 23 hadheard seen expectation thathewatchedGuruNanak ashesatapart trated writingonthepattiandhumming tohimselfasofl lowtuneashe wrote AtlasI wewatchful eyesoftheschoolmasterdiscovered WatGuru Nanakhadlaidasidehispenandwaslookingathisworkinmutejoyand admiration | [
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Later GmuNanak revealed thesecretofhismatchless compositions | [
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Itwasnothethatwroteor composed | [
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Hewassimplyanamanuensis ofweSupreme Lord anorgan wherewith theWordofGodwasproclaimed tohumanity | [
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Herewasasampleof thefirstoneofsuchcompositions | [
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Thegreatamanuensis satwatching his workinjoyandwonder Theschoolmasterthoughtthathispupil having finishedhiswriting wouldcomeuptohimandshowit ButGuruNanak did notmove ThePandha waitedforhimtillhecouldwaitnolonger Astrange urgewasinhisheart thelikeofithehadneverfeltbefore Herose wentupto wherehisstrangepupilsal andsaid thing Ishouldliketoseeit GuruNanakroseatthebiddingoftheschoolmasterandgavethe pattiintohishands Great indeed wastheamazement ofthePandha | [
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He foundthatthewritingonthepattiwasnotwhathehadexpected orwhat hispupilsgenerally wroteatthatstageoftheireducational career connected independent wordsandfigures butsentences He begantoread Hebowedagainandagainasheread Itwasanacrosticon thealphabet | [
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similarcompositions inotherlanguages the letters tively andwordswhoseinitialstheyformedwereemployed togivemetrical expression histenets andadmiration ofthe attributes oftheCreator ITheacrosticwasaheartydiscourse onGod man andtheuniverse | [
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Itcontained anessenseofthemessageofhope joy and deliverance whichtheGuruhadtoproclaim tosuffering despairing aburdenoftheDivineSongwithwhichGuruNanakhad later habitsandinclinations tolift themuptothelevelofgods tothefeetoftheLord Afewlinesofthe I Macauliffe cit op vol i p 3 24 GURUNANAK TheOneLordwhocreatedtheuniverse istheSupreme Lordofall Fortunate andfruitfulistheadventofthoseintotheworldwhoseheartsremain attachedtotheserviceofGod Thenalonecantyoubedeemedalearnedman WhenagoodaccountofyourlifeyoucantrendertotheLord Noaccountshallbeduebythepiousmanwhounderstands thetruththrough theseletters PraiseHimwhoselimitcannotbefound TheyaloneshallwinrewardwhoperformserviceandpractiseTruth Healonecandeemedbealearnedman Whorealizestheknowledge ofGod IfthesameLordpervading inallhecouldsee doeshereprevail Theservantwhoexertshimselfdeligently Whoiseverengagedinexecuting Whodeemsbadandgoodlotasthesame SuchaoneshallattainunionwithHim ThereisonlyOnewhotakes Whydieofgriefandbetorturedbyregrets 0mortal EverdoesHecontinue togivewhatHehasordained andhadtogive Hegives looksafter andissuesHisordershowlivingthingsaretoobtaintheir allottedsustenance WhenIlookcarefully IseenootherthanGod TheOneGodpervades Whypractisedeceit DietotheLord atHisfeetthyselfthoulay TruecomfortfillstheheartsofthosewhosemindsareattachedtothefeetofGod Thosewhosemindsaresoattachedaresaved 0Lord andobtainhappiness by yourfavour omortal Allthatexistsisdoomedtovanish ServeHimwhopervades all andyoushallobtainhappiness HeHimselfdestroys 1EACHES 25 HelooksafterwhatHecreates issuesorders andsavesthoseonwhomHelooks withfavour Healone inwhoseheartdwellsGoddoesHispraisessing TheCreatorblendssuchaonewithHimself andheentersnotthecycleofbirth anddeathagain Theterribleoceanisvastanddeep nonehasfounditsend saveus 0SaviourKing Hewhohasmadeallthingsisineveryplace Whatever pleasesHimisgood Imputenoblametoothers Onyourkarmatheblamedoeslieinwhole AsdidIsow Ifmanrecognize theTrueOne heshallneverbebornagain Theholymanutters understands andknowsbuttheOneGod Whyquarrel onHimwhoseWillaloneprevailsinallthings Meditate untoHim ThereisnootherGiverbutHewhohascreatedallcreatures andsustainsthemall Meditate beabsorbed inHisname andyoushall nightandday deriveprofittherefrom 1 ThePandhahadheardfromMehtaKaluandhisownpupilsofthe strangewaysofhispupil prophecy abouthim Thewritingonthewooden tabletconfirmed thebeliefwhichwas thengerminating destined tobethepromised Deliverer | [
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ButthePandha likeaworldlymanof learning wouldnotbelievewithoutafurthertest hispupil | [
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Youshouldalsolearnaccountancy sothatafteryourfather youmaytakeup hisplace Thatwillensureyouhonour riches andahappy comfortable life Itwillalsopleaseyourfather repliedGuruNanak Willallthatyouwishtoteachhelpmeatthetimewhenanaccountofthislife 1 GuruNanak AsaPatti 26 GURUNANAK No friend suchknowledge ofaccountswillbeofno TheanswerthattheGurugavetotheseandotherquestions of theParuihaareembodied inahymnwhichmaybetranslated grindtheirasheswell Letapure ThenwriteasaTeachertruedoesguideyou WritetheNameofGod writeHispraises WriteoftheLordthathasnolimit end ormeasure ofriend learntowritethisaccount Sothatwhenandwhereanaccountiscalledfromyou Youmaywinamark ofhonourtrue There inthelifetocome truehonourandgreatness everlasting joys Thereshallmarksofhonourandacceptance beonthebrowsofthose Whoseheartsenshrine theSacredTrueName NotwithidlewordsbutthroughGraceDivinecansuchhonourbewon Somecomeintotheworldandothersdeparttherefrom Yetwhathighsounding namestheygivethemselves I Inthelifetocomefullwellshalltheyknow ThatiftheirlivesherebedevoidoftheloveofGod Allelseofnoaccountshallbe InlovingfearofYou myLord Idoeverdwell For thosewhowereknownaslordsandkings HaveIseengetmingledintodustandclay ONanak Allattachments falseshallsundered be SriRag Theschoolmaster foundhisMaster Heacknowledged thathehimself andnottheDivinepupilbeforehim wasinneedofinstruction | [
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Hebowedto GuruNanakandretired GuruNanakattendedschoolforsomedaysmoreandthemceased He hadlearntaUthattheschoolmastercouldteachhim Le arithmetic keeping besidesreadingandwritingDevnagri | [
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Againtherecameoverhim thesamephase whicherstwhile hadstartledhisfather Sometimes hewould runlL wouldsitathome lostinprofound thought orwouldvisitSadhus andFaqirs intheneighbouring forests andhavetalkswiththem turbedagain Thefamilypriestandastrologer Hardial nowadvisedtheMehta tosendhissontoaSanskrit scholar accounts andsuchotherthings Hehasareligious bentofmind Puthimto schoolwithaParuiit LethimlearnVedasandShastras andbeascholarof repute Thiswasagreedto GuruNanak wastakentoaSanskritscholarnamed Brijnath | [
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Here too thechildwasasquickatlearningasbefore Inashorttime thispupil convinced hisnewschool thathehadlittleneedforsuchscholastic trainingastheBrahmin scholar couldimpart HavinglearntfromBrijnathasmuchashedeemednecessary andhavingtaughthimwhatwasmostessential foramanofreligion Guru Nanak athomeandassociation withSadhus andFaqirs Interrupted nowandthen byjubilant withhisplaymates | [
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Hewouldretiretotheseclusion oftheforestsandsitthere incomplete abandonment | [
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HisheartwouldbecomeonewithNature Her beautycharmed him Ittookhisheartcaptiveandforhoursatastretch hesat withwideopeneyes drinking deepwitheveryporeofhisbodythejoyand harmony ofthescenebeforehim FromNaturehisheartrosetothefeetofthe Creator Hiseyeswouldthenclose Aquietglorywouldoverspread tenance Forhourshewouldsitthus enjoying thebeautiesofNatureandan unbroken communion withtheCreatorofthesebeauties | [
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Atsuchtimeshis heartwasincomplete harmony withNature andhiswholebeingintunewith theLordofcreation | [
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Asupreme unearthly joyfilledhisbodyandsoul ashe satthere watching theplayoftheInfiniteinthefmitenatureallroundhim Atothertimeshewouldvisitasceticsandanchorites bandsofwhom frequented thedenseforestsaroundTalwandi objectsof undisturbed prayerandescapefromthepersecution ers oftheforestandthesocietyofthe religious menwhofrequented itSeveralofthemwereprofoundly versedin 1 Macauliffe cit op vol i p 10 28 GURUNANAK theIndianreligious literature oftheage Theybadalsotravelled farandwide withinthelimitsofHindustan andmetitsrenowned religious teachers lGuru Nanakthusbecameacquainted withthelatestteachings phersandreformers IHeheardtheirlearneddiscourses onVedasand | [
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Buthewastherenotonlytoreceive Hegavethemglimpses ofthe InfmiteFountofknowledge divinethatintuitively flowedintohisheartatall times Helearntfromthem nodoubt turbedcornrnunings withnature withhisownsoul andwithhisCreator The voicethathadspokentomanyaseeragainbecamevocalinthatwilderness tothesUIIimitofreligious exaltation | [
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