Datasets:

vm2825
/

lima_compressed_ratio_0_5

chosen listlengths 2 2	rejected listlengths 2 2
[ { "content": "\nSlater type orbitals (STO) are considered to be more accurate than gaussian type orbitals (GTO) for atomic and molecular QM calculations because - among other reasons - they decay with $e^{-\\alpha r}$ as $r \\to \\infty$. But GTOs are more popular because they are easier to calculate with. GTOs...	[ { "content": "\nSlater type orbitals (STO) are considered to be more accurate than gaussian type orbitals (GTO) for atomic and molecular QM calculations because - among other reasons - they decay with $e^{-\\alpha r}$ as $r \\to \\infty$. But GTOs are more popular because they are easier to calculate with. GTOs...
[ { "content": "\nExplain what \"git reset\" does. I come from a SVN background and Git is a whole new paradigm. I got mercurial easily, but Git is much more technical.\nI think ```git reset``` is close to ```hg revert```, but it seems there are differences. Please include detailed explanations about:\n\n* the op...	[ { "content": "\nExplain what \"git reset\" does. I come from a SVN background and Git is a whole new paradigm. I got mercurial easily, but Git is much more technical.\nI think ```git reset``` is close to ```hg revert```, but it seems there are differences. Please include detailed explanations about:\n\n* the op...
[ { "content": "\nIn our computer systems lecture we were introduced to the MIPS processor. It was (re)developed over the course of the term and has in fact been quite easy to understand. It uses a RISC design, that is its elementary commands are regularly encoded and there are only few of them in order to keep t...	[ { "content": "\nIn our computer systems lecture we were introduced to the MIPS processor. It was (re)developed over the course of the term and has in fact been quite easy to understand. It uses a RISC design, that is its elementary commands are regularly encoded and there are only few of them in order to keep t...
[ { "content": "\nCan brain cells move? By movement I mean long distance migration (preferably within the brain only).\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Brain cells particularly neurons long-distance migration Neurons specialized cells fixed in place once matured brain's ...	[ { "content": "\nCan brain cells move? By movement I mean long distance migration (preferably within the brain only).\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Brain cells, particularly neurons, do not typically engage in long-distance migration within the brain. Neurons are hig...
[ { "content": "\nView tabular file such as CSV from command line, having horizontal and vertical scrolling would be great.\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "view CSV file horizontal vertical scrolling command line use tool `less` or `most` tools handle large files provid...	[ { "content": "\nView tabular file such as CSV from command line, having horizontal and vertical scrolling would be great.\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "To view a CSV file with horizontal and vertical scrolling from the command line, you can use a tool like `less` or...
[ { "content": "\nWhat are the primary objections Democrats have to a border wall?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "objections to border wall with Mexico multifaceted rooted in policy ethical practical considerations key points Cost border wall expensive Democrats ar...	[ { "content": "\nWhat are the primary objections Democrats have to a border wall?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The primary objections Democrats have to a border wall with Mexico are multifaceted and rooted in various policy, ethical, and practical considerations. He...
[ { "content": "\nTor can only handle TCP connections, but DNS is a UDP protocol. How does Tor route DNS requests over its TCP based network? Why can the same approach not be used to route all UDP traffic over Tor?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tor TCP connections mec...	[ { "content": "\nTor can only handle TCP connections, but DNS is a UDP protocol. How does Tor route DNS requests over its TCP based network? Why can the same approach not be used to route all UDP traffic over Tor?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tor is designed to hand...
[ { "content": "\nI am looking to use Java to get the MD5 checksum of a file.\nHow is it done?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "MD5 checksum file in Java use `MessageDigest` class `java.security` package step-step guide sample code snippet **Import necessary import `java...	[ { "content": "\nI am looking to use Java to get the MD5 checksum of a file.\nHow is it done?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "To get the MD5 checksum of a file in Java, you can use the `MessageDigest` class from the `java.security` package. Below is a step-by-step guid...
[ { "content": "\nI'm converting a video to GIF file with ```ffmpeg```:\n```ffmpeg \\\n -i input.flv \\\n -ss 00:00:00.000 \\\n -pix_fmt rgb24 \\\n -r 10 \\\n -s 320x240 \\\n -t 00:00:10.000 \\\n output.gif\n```\nIt works great, but output gif file has a very low quality.\nAny ideas how can I improve quali...	[ { "content": "\nI'm converting a video to GIF file with ```ffmpeg```:\n```ffmpeg \\\n -i input.flv \\\n -ss 00:00:00.000 \\\n -pix_fmt rgb24 \\\n -r 10 \\\n -s 320x240 \\\n -t 00:00:10.000 \\\n output.gif\n```\nIt works great, but output gif file has a very low quality.\nAny ideas how can I improve quali...
[ { "content": "\nWhy does this throw ```NullPointerException```\n```public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n Boolean b = true ? returnsNull() : false; // NPE on this line.\n System.out.println(b);\n}\npublic static Boolean returnsNull() {\n return null;\n}\n```\nwhile this doesn't\n``...	[ { "content": "\nWhy does this throw ```NullPointerException```\n```public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n Boolean b = true ? returnsNull() : false; // NPE on this line.\n System.out.println(b);\n}\npublic static Boolean returnsNull() {\n return null;\n}\n```\nwhile this doesn't\n``...
[ { "content": "\nHow do DOS games like DOOM benefit from a PCI graphics card?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "DOS games like DOOM benefit from PCI graphics card Improved Graphics Performance PCI graphics cards offer better performance older adapters games run at hi...	[ { "content": "\nHow do DOS games like DOOM benefit from a PCI graphics card?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "DOS games like DOOM can benefit significantly from a PCI graphics card in several ways:\n\n1. Improved Graphics Performance: PCI graphics cards offer bette...
[ { "content": "\nI need to be able to open a document using its default application in Windows and Mac OS. Basically, I want to do the same thing that happens when you double-click on the document icon in Explorer or Finder. What is the best way to do this in Python?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "...	[ { "content": "\nI need to be able to open a document using its default application in Windows and Mac OS. Basically, I want to do the same thing that happens when you double-click on the document icon in Explorer or Finder. What is the best way to do this in Python?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "...
[ { "content": "\nIs it worth patenting an algorithm if I don't have the money to defend against infringements?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Patenting algorithm strategic decision important consider costs potential benefits especially financial resources defend again...	[ { "content": "\nIs it worth patenting an algorithm if I don't have the money to defend against infringements?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Patenting an algorithm can be a strategic decision, but it's important to consider the costs and potential benefits, especiall...
[ { "content": "\nWhy does PRC devalue its currency on purpose, but Turkey is worried about the devaluation of its currency?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "devaluation currency different implications motivations for countries two scenarios China Devaluing Currency **Ex...	[ { "content": "\nWhy does PRC devalue its currency on purpose, but Turkey is worried about the devaluation of its currency?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The devaluation of a currency can have different implications and motivations for different countries. Let's brea...
[ { "content": "\n\"I have a ```String[]``` with values like so:\n```public static final String[] VALUES = new String[] {\"\"AB\"\",\"\"BC\"\",\"\"CD\"\",\"\"AE\"\"};\n```\nGiven ```String s```, is there a good way of testing whether ```VALUES``` contains ```s```?\" How do I determine whether an array contains a ...	[ { "content": "\n\"I have a ```String[]``` with values like so:\n```public static final String[] VALUES = new String[] {\"\"AB\"\",\"\"BC\"\",\"\"CD\"\",\"\"AE\"\"};\n```\nGiven ```String s```, is there a good way of testing whether ```VALUES``` contains ```s```?\" How do I determine whether an array contains a ...
[ { "content": "\nDoes Java casting introduce overhead? Or the compiler just resolves everything and there is no cost at run time?\nIs this a general things, or there are different cases?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Java casting overhead on type context 1. **Casting...	[ { "content": "\nDoes Java casting introduce overhead? Or the compiler just resolves everything and there is no cost at run time?\nIs this a general things, or there are different cases?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Java casting can introduce overhead, but the exten...
[ { "content": "\nHow can I copy a string (e.g \"hello\") to the System Clipboard in C#, so next time I press CTRL+V I'll get \"hello\"?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "copy string to system clipboard in C# use `System.Windows.Forms` namespace `Clipboard` class step-by-...	[ { "content": "\nHow can I copy a string (e.g \"hello\") to the System Clipboard in C#, so next time I press CTRL+V I'll get \"hello\"?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "To copy a string to the system clipboard in C#, you can use the `System.Windows.Forms` namespace, whi...
[ { "content": "\nI want to put a draft watermark using the below script but the problem is that the watermark don't come over the images and I want it to come over it.\n```\\usepackage{draftwatermark}\n\\SetWatermarkText{DRAFT}\n\\SetWatermarkScale{1}\n```\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, ...	[ { "content": "\nI want to put a draft watermark using the below script but the problem is that the watermark don't come over the images and I want it to come over it.\n```\\usepackage{draftwatermark}\n\\SetWatermarkText{DRAFT}\n\\SetWatermarkScale{1}\n```\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, ...
[ { "content": "\nUnderstanding the Rails Authenticity Token\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rails Authenticity Token is security feature in Ruby on Rails against Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks CSRF attacks occur malicious website tricks user performing unwan...	[ { "content": "\nUnderstanding the Rails Authenticity Token\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Rails Authenticity Token is a security feature in Ruby on Rails applications that helps protect against Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks. CSRF attacks occur when a ...
[ { "content": "\nWhy is FIFA against adding instant replay to the game?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "FIFA international for football cautious about instant replay technology in live matches technology other goal-line technology use instant replay for other decisions...	[ { "content": "\nWhy is FIFA against adding instant replay to the game?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "FIFA, the international governing body for football (soccer), has historically been cautious about the use of instant replay technology in live matches. While the or...
[ { "content": "\nApplying filter in scipy.signal: Use lfilter or filtfilt?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "choosing `scipy.signal.lfilter`.signal.filtfilt` for filter in Python understand differences behavior requirements application `lfilter` (Linear-Phase Filtering) ...	[ { "content": "\nApplying filter in scipy.signal: Use lfilter or filtfilt?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "When choosing between `scipy.signal.lfilter` and `scipy.signal.filtfilt` for applying a filter in Python, it's important to understand the differences in their be...
[ { "content": "\nIf we should encrypt the message rather than the method of transfer, why do we care about wifi security? Is this just security theatre?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Encrypting message method transfer crucial secure communication doesn negate importa...	[ { "content": "\nIf we should encrypt the message rather than the method of transfer, why do we care about wifi security? Is this just security theatre?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Encrypting the message rather than the method of transfer is a crucial aspect of sec...
[ { "content": "\nWhat do different people in the department expect from a postdoc?\nBy different people I mean the advisor, graduate students and PhD students.\nI know it mainly depends on the job description but there are few basic things that a postdoc must be expected to do. How aggressive (proactive) must on...	[ { "content": "\nWhat do different people in the department expect from a postdoc?\nBy different people I mean the advisor, graduate students and PhD students.\nI know it mainly depends on the job description but there are few basic things that a postdoc must be expected to do. How aggressive (proactive) must on...
[ { "content": "\nCan someone explain to me what the ```contentInset``` property in a ```UIScrollView``` instance is used for? And maybe provide an example?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "`contentInset` property in `UIScrollView` instance space added around content use...	[ { "content": "\nCan someone explain to me what the ```contentInset``` property in a ```UIScrollView``` instance is used for? And maybe provide an example?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Certainly! The `contentInset` property in a `UIScrollView` instance is used to sp...
[ { "content": "\nHow is arc defined in TikZ?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In TikZ arc is curved path defined using `arc` command draw arc between two points specified by angles optionally with radius basic syntax for defining arc in TikZ: ```tikz \\draw (start point...	[ { "content": "\nHow is arc defined in TikZ?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In TikZ, an arc is a curved path that can be defined using the `arc` command. The `arc` command is used to draw an arc between two points, specified by angles, and optionally with a radius. He...
[ { "content": "\nHow to connect mysql workbench to running mysql inside docker?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "connect MySQL Workbench to database Docker container ensure MySQL server accessible from host machine steps Ensure MySQL Server Running in Docker server Dock...	[ { "content": "\nHow to connect mysql workbench to running mysql inside docker?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "To connect MySQL Workbench to a MySQL database running inside a Docker container, you need to ensure that the MySQL server inside the Docker container is acc...
[ { "content": "\nCan meat spoil outside the fridge if it's baked into bread as a filling?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Meat can spoil baked into bread risk reduced compared to raw uncooked meat Cooking Process meat baked harmful bacteria pathogens effectiveness ...	[ { "content": "\nCan meat spoil outside the fridge if it's baked into bread as a filling?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Meat can still spoil even if it's baked into bread as a filling, but the risk is significantly reduced compared to raw or uncooked meat. Here's why...
[ { "content": "\nWere there any flying dinosaurs?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "flying dinosaurs famous example Pterosaurs not dinosaurs reptiles lived during Mesozoic Era Pterosaurs referred as \"pterodactyls for subset pterosaurs unique adaptation fly membrane of s...	[ { "content": "\nWere there any flying dinosaurs?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yes, there were flying dinosaurs! The most famous example is the Pterosaurs, which were not actually dinosaurs but a distinct group of reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic Era, along w...
[ { "content": "\nI'm wondering how the XML Schema specification handles these cases:\n```\n```\nNo maxOccurs given -> Is this the cardinality [1..1]?\n```\n```\nI suppose this is simply invalid?\n```\n```\nIs this the cardinality [0..2] or [1..2]?\nIs there an \"official\" definition on how the XML Schema spec h...	[ { "content": "\nI'm wondering how the XML Schema specification handles these cases:\n```\n```\nNo maxOccurs given -> Is this the cardinality [1..1]?\n```\n```\nI suppose this is simply invalid?\n```\n```\nIs this the cardinality [0..2] or [1..2]?\nIs there an \"official\" definition on how the XML Schema spec h...
[ { "content": "\nI'm using wp_nav_menu and am trying to create custom output for the sub-level drop downs. I came across the \"items_wrap\" argument but there's really not much information as to what it is, how it works, and what kind of things can be done with it. \nWhat exactly is \"%1$s\" and \"%2$s\"? (Ca...	[ { "content": "\nI'm using wp_nav_menu and am trying to create custom output for the sub-level drop downs. I came across the \"items_wrap\" argument but there's really not much information as to what it is, how it works, and what kind of things can be done with it. \nWhat exactly is \"%1$s\" and \"%2$s\"? (Ca...
[ { "content": "\nSay, a table ```car``` has one-to-one relationship to tables ```electric_car```, ```gas_car```, and ```hybrid_car```. If a ```car``` is ```electric_car```, it can no longer appear in ```gas_car``` or a ```hybrid_car```, etc. \nIs it a bad practice to have several mutually exclusive one-to-one re...	[ { "content": "\nSay, a table ```car``` has one-to-one relationship to tables ```electric_car```, ```gas_car```, and ```hybrid_car```. If a ```car``` is ```electric_car```, it can no longer appear in ```gas_car``` or a ```hybrid_car```, etc. \nIs it a bad practice to have several mutually exclusive one-to-one re...
[ { "content": "\nDid two dissenting Supreme Court justices agree that Trump was \"absolutely immune\" to the Manhattan DA's subpoena?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "two dissenting justices agree Donald Trump \"absolutely immune to Manhattan District Attorney's subpoen...	[ { "content": "\nDid two dissenting Supreme Court justices agree that Trump was \"absolutely immune\" to the Manhattan DA's subpoena?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "No, the two dissenting justices in the case did not agree that Donald Trump was \"absolutely immune\" t...
[ { "content": "\nI see a low use of Mathematica in Kaggle competitions. Why would one use the Wolfram Language versus R, Python, or Julia for machine learning? Besides prettier plots and the Manipulate function, do we have something that is useful for ML that other languages are lacking?\nGive me an <unused0> an...	[ { "content": "\nI see a low use of Mathematica in Kaggle competitions. Why would one use the Wolfram Language versus R, Python, or Julia for machine learning? Besides prettier plots and the Manipulate function, do we have something that is useful for ML that other languages are lacking?\nGive me an <unused0> an...
[ { "content": "\nI've noticed that people on YouTube and even on TV would sometimes say things like \"I used to take lots of coke a few years ago\" or \"I used to smoke weed daily until this and that\" or \"Yea, I smoke weed every once in a while,\" or \"I used to pirate games a lot when I was a bit younger\" or...	[ { "content": "\nI've noticed that people on YouTube and even on TV would sometimes say things like \"I used to take lots of coke a few years ago\" or \"I used to smoke weed daily until this and that\" or \"Yea, I smoke weed every once in a while,\" or \"I used to pirate games a lot when I was a bit younger\" or...
[ { "content": "\nJust curious, given how heavily from Tolkien D&D drew, and the fact that games like Wizardry used Hobbits, is there a good design reason why Gygax and company used Halflings (a term that also appears in Tolkien) vice Hobbits as the term for our little friends?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", ...	[ { "content": "\nJust curious, given how heavily from Tolkien D&D drew, and the fact that games like Wizardry used Hobbits, is there a good design reason why Gygax and company used Halflings (a term that also appears in Tolkien) vice Hobbits as the term for our little friends?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", ...
[ { "content": "\nMy USB drive used to be originally 8GB when I bought it.\nI'm trying to reformatted in Windows 7 by right clicking on the drive and selecting ```Format...```. But the capacity only shows 250MB.\nIs there something I can do to get the original size back? Maybe it got partitioned in a weird way? \...	[ { "content": "\nMy USB drive used to be originally 8GB when I bought it.\nI'm trying to reformatted in Windows 7 by right clicking on the drive and selecting ```Format...```. But the capacity only shows 250MB.\nIs there something I can do to get the original size back? Maybe it got partitioned in a weird way? \...
[ { "content": "\nI am a Tor developer. I understand that the .onion address is a public key of sorts, but not much more than that (I can vaguely guess, though). When nobody knows the IP of the .onion address, how do requests reach it? Are they bounced between nodes in the P2P network till someone decrypts it wit...	[ { "content": "\nI am a Tor developer. I understand that the .onion address is a public key of sorts, but not much more than that (I can vaguely guess, though). When nobody knows the IP of the .onion address, how do requests reach it? Are they bounced between nodes in the P2P network till someone decrypts it wit...
[ { "content": "\nI have been offered a PhD position by an inexperienced professor in a great institution in Europe. Despite the fact that the institution is very strong in my area, since the position was offered by this particular professor, I would have to commit myself to working with him for my thesis. This p...	[ { "content": "\nI have been offered a PhD position by an inexperienced professor in a great institution in Europe. Despite the fact that the institution is very strong in my area, since the position was offered by this particular professor, I would have to commit myself to working with him for my thesis. This p...
[ { "content": "\nThis guy claims that Olympic powerlifters working in the 1-6 rep range can increase strength without increasing muscle size. \n\n> Trained Olympic lifters, for example, were shown over a two-year period to have significant strength increases with barely noticeable increases in muscle mass (Hakki...	[ { "content": "\nThis guy claims that Olympic powerlifters working in the 1-6 rep range can increase strength without increasing muscle size. \n\n> Trained Olympic lifters, for example, were shown over a two-year period to have significant strength increases with barely noticeable increases in muscle mass (Hakki...
[ { "content": "\nWhat are the major concerns about planting trees to create carbon offsets?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Planting trees carbon offsets climate change carbon dioxide major concerns 1. Land Use Competition for Resources Large-scale tree planting wi...	[ { "content": "\nWhat are the major concerns about planting trees to create carbon offsets?\nGive me an <unused0> answer.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Planting trees to create carbon offsets is a widely recognized method to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphe...