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128 | With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares ... | [
{
"answer": "147,040 square miles",
"question": "What is the total area of Montana?"
},
{
"answer": "Wyoming",
"question": "What state does Montana border to the south?"
},
{
"answer": "Idaho",
"question": "What state does it border to the west?"
}
] |
129 | The topography of the state is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montana's 100 or more named mountain ranges are concentrated in the western half of the state, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Northern... | [
{
"answer": "western half of the state",
"question": "Where are most of the states mountain ranges?"
},
{
"answer": "About 60 percent",
"question": "How much of the state is prarie?"
}
] |
130 | The northern section of the Divide, where the mountains give way rapidly to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begins i... | [
{
"answer": "north",
"question": "Which direction do the rivers flow near the Triple Divide Peak?"
},
{
"answer": "Hudson Bay.",
"question": "Where does the Saskatchewan River empty into?"
}
] |
131 | East of the divide, several roughly parallel ranges cover the southern part of the state, including the Gravelly Range, the Madison Range, Gallatin Range, Absaroka Mountains and the Beartooth Mountains. The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) high in the continental United S... | [
{
"answer": "over 10,000 feet",
"question": "How high is the Beartooth Plateau?"
},
{
"answer": "Granite Peak",
"question": "What is thie highest point in the state?"
},
{
"answer": "12,799 feet",
"question": "How high is Granite Peak?"
}
] |
132 | However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional distri... | [
{
"answer": "one",
"question": "How many seats do Democrats hold in the state US Senate's seats?"
},
{
"answer": "1996",
"question": "How long has the single congressional district been Republican?"
},
{
"answer": "59 to 41.",
"question": "What is the split in the State House of Repr... |
133 | In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has vote... | [
{
"answer": "a swing state",
"question": "In elections, what is Montana considered?"
},
{
"answer": "1992",
"question": "What year was the last Democrat for president supported?"
},
{
"answer": "60 percent",
"question": "How often has Montana voted for a Democratic governor?"
},
... |
134 | Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park In... | [
{
"answer": "Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport",
"question": "What is the name of the busiest airport in Montana?"
},
{
"answer": "2013",
"question": "When did Bozeman Airport surpass Billings Logan as the largest busiest in Montana?"
}
] |
135 | Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three east-west transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its main tr... | [
{
"answer": "BNSF Railway",
"question": "What is the states largest railway?"
},
{
"answer": "1880s",
"question": "How long have railroads been important since in Montana"
}
] |
136 | Montana is home to the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and has a historic big game hunting tradition. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. A random draw grants a limited number of permits for moose, mountain goats and bighorn sheep. There is a spring hu... | [
{
"answer": "Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation",
"question": "What is the name of the big game hunting foundation in Montana?"
},
{
"answer": "spring",
"question": "What season is black bear hunting allowed?"
},
{
"answer": "wolves and mountain lions",
"question": "What two predators can... |
137 | Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations... | [
{
"answer": "1930s",
"question": "Since when has Montana been a destination for trout fisheries?"
},
{
"answer": "Federation of Fly Fishers",
"question": "What fishing organization has its home here?"
},
{
"answer": "trout and kokanee salmon fisheries",
"question": "What type of fish... |
139 | Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose river... | [
{
"answer": "450",
"question": "How many miles of rivers are known for high class trout?"
},
{
"answer": "Hudson Bay",
"question": "What Bay do rivers from Montana feed?"
},
{
"answer": "Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park.",
"question": "Where do the watersheds divide at?"
... |
140 | East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks ... | [
{
"answer": "Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers",
"question": "What rivers form the Missouri River?"
},
{
"answer": "Three Forks",
"question": "Near where do the rivers form up for the Missouri river merging?"
},
{
"answer": "north",
"question": "Which direction does the water fl... |
141 | The Yellowstone River rises on the continental divide near Younts Peak in Wyoming's Teton Wilderness. It flows north through Yellowstone National Park, enters Montana near Gardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley to Livingston. It then flows northeasterly across the state through Billings, Miles City, Glendive,... | [
{
"answer": "north",
"question": "Which direction does the Yellowstone River flow through the national park?"
},
{
"answer": "North Dakota",
"question": "Where does the Yellowstone meet the Missouri river?"
}
] |
142 | There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state is F... | [
{
"answer": "at least 3,223",
"question": "How many named lakes are there in Montana?"
},
{
"answer": "Flathead Lake",
"question": "What is the name of the largest freshwater lake in western United States?"
},
{
"answer": "Fort Peck Reservoir",
"question": "What is the name of the la... |
143 | Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine; Douglas fir, larch, spruce; aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder; rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, prim... | [
{
"answer": "approximately 25 percent",
"question": "About how much area do forests cover the state?"
}
] |
144 | Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five fe... | [
{
"answer": "90",
"question": "How many different types of fish are diverse to Montana?"
},
{
"answer": "grizzly bear",
"question": "What type of bear does Montana have the highest population of?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many endangered species are in Montana?"
},
... |
146 | Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent. Montana has no sales tax. In Montana, household goods are exempt from property taxes. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. The ... | [
{
"answer": "7",
"question": "How many tax brackets does Montana have?"
},
{
"answer": "6.9 percent",
"question": "What is the highest tax bracket in Montana?"
},
{
"answer": "no",
"question": "Does Montana have a sales tax?"
}
] |
148 | While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled... | [
{
"answer": "German",
"question": "What is the largest European-American race in Montana?"
},
{
"answer": "a mining camp",
"question": "What was Helena originally founded as?"
}
] |
150 | The climate has become warmer in Montana and continues to do so. The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer cold ... | [
{
"answer": "2007",
"question": "In what year did many cities in Montana set heat records?"
},
{
"answer": "July",
"question": "What month was the hottest ever recorded?"
},
{
"answer": "forest fires",
"question": "What problem has substantially increased in its severity?"
}
] |
151 | As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and th... | [
{
"answer": "1855",
"question": "What year was the Hellgate treaty formed?"
},
{
"answer": "Isaac Stevens",
"question": "Who negotiated the Hellgate treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "1859",
"question": "What year was the treaty ratified?"
},
{
"answer": "Flathead Indian Reservation",
... |
152 | The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various ... | [
{
"answer": "Camp Cooke",
"question": "What was the name of the first US Army post?"
},
{
"answer": "on the Missouri River",
"question": "Where was Camp Cooke situated?"
},
{
"answer": "1876",
"question": "What year was the Great Sioux War?"
},
{
"answer": "1877",
"questi... |
154 | According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 pe... | [
{
"answer": "89.4 percent",
"question": "What percent of the state is White?"
},
{
"answer": "6.3 percent",
"question": "What percent of the state is Native American Indian?"
},
{
"answer": "2.9",
"question": "Hispanics account for what percentage of Monatanas population?"
}
] |
155 | The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century... | [
{
"answer": "1,032,949",
"question": "What was the population of the state in 2015?"
},
{
"answer": "4.40%",
"question": "How much did the population increase since 2010?"
},
{
"answer": "Gallatin County",
"question": "What county saw the largest growth?"
},
{
"answer": "Kali... |
156 | In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended ... | [
{
"answer": "1917",
"question": "What year was Jeannette Rankin vote against war the first time?"
},
{
"answer": "1941",
"question": "When did she vote a second time against war?"
},
{
"answer": "smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.",
"question": "What were conscie... |
157 | Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authoriz... | [
{
"answer": "over 13 million",
"question": "About how many bison were in Montana in 1870?"
},
{
"answer": "about 325",
"question": "In 1884 about how many bison remained?"
},
{
"answer": "General Philip Sheridan",
"question": "Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison?"
},
{... |
158 | Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w... | [
{
"answer": "1881",
"question": "When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west?"
},
{
"answer": "1882",
"question": "When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the east?"
},
{
"answer": "1871, 1872 and 1873",
"question": "What years were the railro... |
159 | Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta... | [
{
"answer": "1866",
"question": "When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana?"
},
{
"answer": "bid for statehood",
"question": "Why was this constitutional convention held?"
},
{
"answer": "1884",
"question": "When was the second constitutional convention held?"
},... |
160 | The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ... | [
{
"answer": "1862",
"question": "What year did the Homestead Act provide land to settlers?"
},
{
"answer": "160 acres",
"question": "How much land did the Homestead Act allow?"
},
{
"answer": "1868",
"question": "What year was the first homestead claim claimed?"
}
] |
161 | The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought most... | [
{
"answer": "1877",
"question": "When was the Desert Land Act passed?"
},
{
"answer": "640 acres",
"question": "How much land did the Desert Land Act allot?"
},
{
"answer": "$.25",
"question": "How much was the charge per acre at first?"
}
] |
163 | In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U... | [
{
"answer": "1917",
"question": "When did Congress pass the Espionage Act?"
},
{
"answer": "1918",
"question": "When was the Sedition Act passed?"
},
{
"answer": "criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means",
"question": "What wer... |
165 | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | [
{
"answer": "entire human groups",
"question": "In the judgement, it is stated that the aim of the Genocide Convention, at its most simplest, is preventing the destruction of which victims?"
},
{
"answer": "that group",
"question": "In addressing the issue of \"in part,\" the Appeals Chamber fou... |
166 | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | [
{
"answer": "that biological-physical destruction was necessary",
"question": "Two bodies of the United Nations agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "the type of group destruction",
"question": "A definition of what, by the States, was necessary to preserve... |
167 | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | [
{
"answer": "the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide",
"question": "In 1948, what general assembly resolution established genocide as a prosecutable act? "
},
{
"answer": "Nazi Germany",
"question": "In which war-era country was the Holocaust immortalized? "
},... |
168 | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | [
{
"answer": "political killings",
"question": "Which provision was initially included in the first write-up of the Convention and then removed?"
},
{
"answer": "USSR",
"question": "What is one of the countries that objected to the inclusion of political killings in the early version of the Conve... |
169 | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | [
{
"answer": "majority of legal scholars",
"question": "Which group was accused by the ECHR of having an overly constricted idea of the meaning of destruction in defining genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "national, racial, religious or ethnic",
"question": "What groups did the ECHR feel should be includ... |
170 | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | [
{
"answer": "as a descriptive term",
"question": "Prior to being a formal legal term, how was the word \"genocide\" used in an indictment scenario?"
},
{
"answer": "Lemming",
"question": "Who ultimately defined genocide as a series of strategies leading up to the annihilation of an entire group?... |
171 | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | [
{
"answer": "legal aspect of the term",
"question": "What has been the primary focus in the study of genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "a crime",
"question": "In prosecuting genocide, what must the act be formally acknowledged as?"
},
{
"answer": "the deliberate killing of a certain group",
... |
172 | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | [
{
"answer": "1944",
"question": "When was the word \"genocide\" first used?"
},
{
"answer": "The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill).",
"question": "What is the etymology of the term \"genocide\"?"
},
{
... |
173 | The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inqui... | [
{
"answer": "when the targeted part is substantial enough",
"question": "Several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what? "
},
{
"answer": "The numeric size",
"question": "What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the starting point of the inq... |
174 | In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of geno... | [
{
"answer": "perpetrators' access to the victims",
"question": "The issue of what is raised by judges in Paragraph 13? "
},
{
"answer": "historical examples of genocide",
"question": "What is the basis for suggesting that several factors regarding the activity of the perpetrators be considered? ... |
175 | The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo... | [
{
"answer": "12 January 1951",
"question": "On which date did the Genocide Convention become effective?"
},
{
"answer": "20",
"question": "What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties? "
},
{
"answer": "only two",
"question": "Of the five permanent members of th... |
176 | Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility ... | [
{
"answer": "a diplomatic compromise",
"question": "In 1998 it was written that the CPPCG was a legal entity resulting in which type of compromise?"
},
{
"answer": "a research tool",
"question": "Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool?"
},
{
"... |
177 | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | [
{
"answer": "Jonassohn and Björnson",
"question": "What two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "their focus",
"question": "The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpret... |
178 | The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restricted... | [
{
"answer": "social and political groups",
"question": "Some historians were critical of what exclusion in the definition of victims of genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response",
"question": "In what book did Kakar contend that the international definition of genoci... |
179 | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | [
{
"answer": "policies",
"question": "Harff and Gurr's definition of genocide included the promotion and execution of what, by a state or its agents?"
},
{
"answer": "victimized groups",
"question": "Harff and Gurr further defined what in terms of ethnicity, religion or nationality?"
},
{
... |
180 | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | [
{
"answer": "murder by government",
"question": "In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "religious group",
"question": "Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership?"
... |
181 | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | [
{
"answer": "Adrian Gallagher",
"question": "In terms of failed states and non-state actors, the possession of weapons of mass destruction was an issue examined by which writer?"
},
{
"answer": "collective power",
"question": "In Gallagher's definition of genocide, a source of what is malicious ... |
182 | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | [
{
"answer": "acts of genocide",
"question": "Signatories to the CPPC are required to prevent and punish what?"
},
{
"answer": "both in peace and wartime",
"question": "During which times can a perpetrator of genocide be charged?"
},
{
"answer": "no claim of genocide could be brought agai... |
183 | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | [
{
"answer": "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide",
"question": "In 1948 the worldwide acceptance of international laws that defined and forbade genocide was promulgated by which treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "humanity",
"question": "Perpetrators who were tried after Wo... |
184 | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | [
{
"answer": "European Court of Human Rights",
"question": "Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for genocide by a German court?"
},
{
"answer": "wider interpretation of genocide",
"question": "In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the German courts was later rejected by... |
185 | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | [
{
"answer": "About 30",
"question": "In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "several plea bargains",
"question": "Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action?"
}... |
186 | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | [
{
"answer": "He died",
"question": "What event occurred in March 2006 that essentially ended Milosevic's trial?"
},
{
"answer": "Belgrade",
"question": "Where was Karadzic when he was finally arrested?"
},
{
"answer": "Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić",
"question": "With Milosevic d... |
187 | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | [
{
"answer": "International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)",
"question": "What court was established under the aegis of the United Nations to prosecute genocidal crimes in Rwanda?"
},
{
"answer": "April 1994",
"question": "The prosecutorial efforts of the ICTR focused on genocidal acts that ... |
188 | There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time howev... | [
{
"answer": "situation in Darfur",
"question": "What has been widely debated as a possible act of genocide in Sudan?"
},
{
"answer": "Colin Powell",
"question": "In 2003 what well known U.S. Secretary of State declared the situation in Darfur as an act of genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "the S... |
189 | In March 2005, the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, taking into account the Commission report but without mentioning any specific crimes. Two permanent members of the Security Council, the United States and China, abstained from the vote o... | [
{
"answer": "Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court",
"question": "To whom did the Security Council officially refer the situation in Darfur?"
},
{
"answer": "the Commission report",
"question": "What was taken into account, without mentioning specific crimes?"
},
{
"answer": "th... |
190 | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | [
{
"answer": "structural conditions",
"question": "In the build-up to genocide, what have other authors focused on?"
},
{
"answer": "psychological and social",
"question": "What processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "Ervin Staub",
"question": "W... |
191 | The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of... | [
{
"answer": "resistance of bacteria",
"question": "What is a modern common occurence with antibiotics?"
},
{
"answer": "evolution",
"question": "What is resistance to antibiotics a cause of?"
},
{
"answer": "1943",
"question": "When was the Luria-Delbruck experiment?"
},
{
"a... |
192 | The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial gr... | [
{
"answer": "concentration",
"question": "What does the potency of antibacterials depend upon?"
},
{
"answer": "bacterial infection",
"question": "What does this eliminate?"
},
{
"answer": "bacterial growth phase",
"question": "What does the bactericidal activitty of antibacterials d... |
194 | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | [
{
"answer": "semisynthetic modifications",
"question": "What are antibiotics in chemical terms?"
},
{
"answer": "beta-lactam antibiotics",
"question": "What type of antibiotics include penicilin?"
},
{
"answer": "aminoglycosides",
"question": "What are the type of antibiotics which a... |
195 | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ... | [
{
"answer": "tuberculosis",
"question": "What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?"
},
{
"answer": "overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance",
"question": "What is one issue that can arise from overuse of ant... |
196 | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect... | [
{
"answer": "empirical therapy",
"question": "What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified?"
},
{
"answer": "laboratory",
"question": "Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing?"
},
{
"answer": "broad sp... |
199 | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for t... | [
{
"answer": "The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills",
"question": "Do antibiotics interact with birth control pills?"
},
{
"answer": "about 1%",
"question": "What percentage of birth control pill failure is attributed to antibiotics?"
},
{
"ans... |
200 | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | [
{
"answer": "decreased effectiveness",
"question": "What is one potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics?"
},
{
"answer": "moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics",
"question": "Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol?... |
201 | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | [
{
"answer": "Intrinsic antibacterial resistance",
"question": "What is part of hje the make up of bacterial strains?"
},
{
"answer": "antibacterial resistance genes",
"question": "What is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance?"
},
{
... |
202 | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeuti... | [
{
"answer": "superbugs",
"question": "What are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes?"
},
{
"answer": "tuberculosis",
"question": "What was a once almost controlled disease that is coming back do to resistance?"
},
{
"answer": "half a million",
"question": "How m... |
203 | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to re... | [
{
"answer": "Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse",
"question": "What are the two biggest reasons for resistance?"
},
{
"answer": "Self prescription",
"question": "What is a common method of misuse?"
},
{
"answer": "overuse of antibiotics",
"question": "What is an example o... |
204 | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | [
{
"answer": "prophylactic antibiotics",
"question": "What is a way of improperly using antibiotics for those traveling?"
},
{
"answer": "failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage",
"question": "What can happen if a doctor doesn't prescribe to a person's weight and prior us... |
205 | Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicr... | [
{
"answer": "US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance",
"question": "What is the name of a US government agency tasked with trying to stop improper use of antibiotics?"
},
{
"answer": "US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Nationa... |
206 | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | [
{
"answer": "2003",
"question": "When did the EU ban antibiotics for speeding up growth?"
},
{
"answer": "Swann report 1969",
"question": "What report caused the UK to worry about resistance?"
},
{
"answer": "American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (AP... |
207 | There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South... | [
{
"answer": "animal husbandry",
"question": "What besides sick people are antibiotics used for?"
},
{
"answer": "1977",
"question": "When was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of farm animals?"
},
{
"answer": "March 2012",
"question": "When did a district court o... |
209 | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | [
{
"answer": "mold",
"question": "What type of organism has been reported to have worked on infections?"
},
{
"answer": "Alexander Fleming",
"question": "Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold?"
},
{
"answer": "penicillin",
"question": "What mold did Fleming no... |
210 | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | [
{
"answer": "Prontosil",
"question": "What was the first available antibiotic?"
},
{
"answer": "IG Farben",
"question": "What company developed Prontosil?"
},
{
"answer": "Gerhard Domagk",
"question": "Who led the team that came up with Prontosil?"
},
{
"answer": "1939 Nobel ... |
211 | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | [
{
"answer": "tyrothricin",
"question": "What was the first antibiotic developed from nature?"
},
{
"answer": "1939",
"question": "When was tyrothricin created?"
},
{
"answer": "start of World War II,",
"question": "What also happened in 1939 besides tyrothricin?"
},
{
"answer... |
212 | Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ... | [
{
"answer": "1942",
"question": "When was penicillin G first purified?"
},
{
"answer": "1945",
"question": "When did penicillin G become available outside of military use?"
},
{
"answer": "Norman Heatley",
"question": "Who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin?"
},
{
... |
213 | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a... | [
{
"answer": "immune modulation or augmentation",
"question": "What do vaccines need to work?"
},
{
"answer": "Antibacterial vaccines",
"question": "What type of vaccines have saved millions of lives?"
},
{
"answer": "Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates",
"question": ... |
214 | Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, also known simply as phages, are precisely bacterial viruses that i... | [
{
"answer": "Phage therapy",
"question": "What has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria?"
},
{
"answer": "infecting pathogenic bacteria",
"question": "How have researchers been doing this?"
},
{
"answer": "phages will infect \"good\" bacteria",
"question": "What is a worry o... |
215 | In April 2013, the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance. Since 2009, only 2 new antibiotics were approved in the United States. The number of new antibiotics approved for marketing per year declines con... | [
{
"answer": "2",
"question": "How many antibiotics have been created in the last 7 years?"
},
{
"answer": "seven",
"question": "How many are in the pipelin to fight GNB?"
},
{
"answer": "2013",
"question": "What year did the Infectious Disease Society of America say that production o... |
216 | Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing... | [
{
"answer": "FDA",
"question": "Who regulates antibiotic approval?"
},
{
"answer": "economic incentives",
"question": "What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics?"
},
{
"answer": "superbugs",
"question": "What are resistant bacteria called in the media?"
},
{... |
217 | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | [
{
"answer": "Polish and French",
"question": "What was Frédéric's nationalities?"
},
{
"answer": "Romantic era",
"question": "In what era was Frédéric active in?"
},
{
"answer": "solo piano",
"question": "For what instrument did Frédéric write primarily for?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
218 | At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Fr... | [
{
"answer": "21",
"question": "At what age did Frédéric move to Paris?"
},
{
"answer": "30",
"question": "How many public performances was Frédéric estimated to have given during the remainder of his life?"
},
{
"answer": "1835",
"question": "In what year did Frédéric obtain citizens... |
219 | All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. Chopin inve... | [
{
"answer": "piano",
"question": "What instrument did every composition by Frédéric include?"
},
{
"answer": "instrumental ballade",
"question": "What concept was Frédéric credited with creating?"
},
{
"answer": "J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert",
"question": "Whose music did Frédéric... |
220 | In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romant... | [
{
"answer": "indirect",
"question": "What was the degree of Frédéric's association with political insurrection?"
},
{
"answer": "his love life and his early death",
"question": "What parts of Frédéric's personal life influenced his legacy as a leading symbol of the era?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
221 | Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon. The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryde... | [
{
"answer": "Żelazowa Wola",
"question": "In what village was Frédéric born in?"
},
{
"answer": "22 February 1810",
"question": "On what date was Frédéric born on?"
},
{
"answer": "1 March",
"question": "Despite the birthdate given by parish baptismal, what date is given by the compo... |
222 | Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptized on East... | [
{
"answer": "Justyna Krzyżanowska",
"question": "Who did Frédéric's father marry in 1806?"
},
{
"answer": "23 April 1810",
"question": "On what date was Frédéric baptised?"
},
{
"answer": "Polish",
"question": "What language did Frédéric's father, Nicolas, insist on using in the hous... |
223 | In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lesso... | [
{
"answer": "October",
"question": "During what month did Frédéric move to Warsaw with his family?"
},
{
"answer": "French",
"question": "What language did Frédéric's father teach after they had moved to Warsaw?"
},
{
"answer": "the Palace grounds",
"question": "Where did Frédéric li... |
224 | Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny. His elder sister Ludwika also took lessons from Żywny, and occasionally played duets with her brother. It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy. By... | [
{
"answer": "Wojciech Żywny",
"question": "Who was Frédéric's first professional teacher in music?"
},
{
"answer": "Ludwika",
"question": "Which sister did Frédéric play duets with sometimes while being tutored at this time?"
},
{
"answer": "7",
"question": "At what age did Frédéric ... |
225 | In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace. During this period, F... | [
{
"answer": "1817",
"question": "In what year was the Saxon Palace taken by the Russian governor for use regarding the military?"
},
{
"answer": "Warsaw University",
"question": "What establishment today contains what was known as the Warsaw Lyceum during that time?"
},
{
"answer": "Kazi... |
227 | During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Sz... | [
{
"answer": "Dominik Dziewanowski",
"question": "Who was Frédéric a guest of during his visit of Szafarnia in 1824 and 1825?"
},
{
"answer": "Szafarnia",
"question": "In which village did Frédéric first experience rural Polish folk music?"
},
{
"answer": "his family",
"question": "To... |
228 | In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left W... | [
{
"answer": "1827",
"question": "During what year did Frédéric's youngest sister, Emilia, pass away?"
},
{
"answer": "Krakowskie Przedmieście",
"question": "What street did Frédéric's family move to after the death of his youngest sister?"
},
{
"answer": "1830",
"question": "What yea... |
229 | Four boarders at his parents' apartments became Chopin's intimates: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana; the latter two would become part of his Paris milieu. He was friendly with members of Warsaw's young artistic and intellectual world, including Fontana, Józef Bohdan Za... | [
{
"answer": "Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana",
"question": "Of the individuals that became intimate with Frédéric during their stay at the family apartments, which two became part of Frédéric's social environment in Paris?"
},
{
"answer": "Konstancja Gładkowska",
"question": "Which singer was... |
230 | In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi... | [
{
"answer": "Feliks Jarocki",
"question": "Who did Frédéric visit Berlin with in September 1828?"
},
{
"answer": "Gaspare Spontini",
"question": "Which opera director did Frédéric see works of during his stay in Berlin?"
},
{
"answer": "Prince Antoni Radziwiłł",
"question": "Who was ... |
231 | Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completi... | [
{
"answer": "Souvenir de Paganini",
"question": "What did Frédéric compose after hearing Niccolò Paganini perform on the violin?"
},
{
"answer": "August",
"question": "During what month did Frédéric make his first appearance in Vienna?"
},
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many pia... |
232 | Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki, "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever." With Woyciechowski, he headed for Austria, intending to go on to Italy. Later that month, i... | [
{
"answer": "2 November 1830",
"question": "On what date did Frédéric begin his journey into Western Europe?"
},
{
"answer": "Austria",
"question": "Which country did Frédéric go to first after setting out for Western Europe?"
},
{
"answer": "1830",
"question": "In what year did his ... |
233 | Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration. In France he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport. However, Chopin remained clo... | [
{
"answer": "the Polish Great Emigration",
"question": "What event was Frédéric a part of when he arrived in Paris during the later part of September in 1831?"
},
{
"answer": "French",
"question": "What version of Frédéric's birth name did he begin using after arriving in France?"
},
{
"... |
234 | In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de ... | [
{
"answer": "Paris",
"question": "In what city did Frédéric achieve celebrity status?"
},
{
"answer": "Adam Mickiewicz",
"question": "Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society that Frédéric became acquainted with?"
},
{
"answer": "songs",
"question": "What did Frédéric cre... |
235 | Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's a... | [
{
"answer": "Julian Fontana",
"question": "Which friend of Frédéric failed to achieve success in England?"
},
{
"answer": "Albert Grzymała",
"question": "Who was Frédéric's trusted adviser while in Paris?"
},
{
"answer": "elder brother",
"question": "What familial role was Albert Grz... |
239 | Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner. You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc." Liszt was in attend... | [
{
"answer": "Woyciechowski",
"question": "Who was the recipient of Frédéric's letter he wrote on 12 December 1831?"
},
{
"answer": "Herz, Liszt, Hiller",
"question": "What are the three names stated in Frédéric's letter that he had shown interest and curiosity in?"
},
{
"answer": "Liszt"... |
240 | The two became friends, and for many years lived in close proximity in Paris, Chopin at 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin, and Liszt at the Hôtel de France on the Rue Lafitte, a few blocks away. They performed together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841. The first, on 2 April 1833, was at a benefit concert organized ... | [
{
"answer": "38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin",
"question": "What address did Frédéric live at during his stay in Paris?"
},
{
"answer": "a few blocks",
"question": "How far down the road did Liszt live from Frédéric during this time?"
},
{
"answer": "seven",
"question": "How many times... |
244 | On 3 December, Chopin complained about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca: "Three doctors have visited me ... The first said I was dead; the second said I was dying; and the third said I was about to die." He also had problems having his Pleyel piano sent to him. It finally arrived from Paris... | [
{
"answer": "Three",
"question": "How many doctors saw Frédéric by the 3rd of December?"
},
{
"answer": "piano",
"question": "What did Frédéric have trouble playing as a result of his growing illness?"
},
{
"answer": "best possible condition",
"question": "What condition did Frédéric... |
245 | Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8] The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they staye... | [
{
"answer": "bad weather",
"question": "What is stated as having a negative effect on Frédéric's health during this productive time?"
},
{
"answer": "Canuts",
"question": "What culture of French people did Sand sell the piano to?"
},
{
"answer": "Marseilles",
"question": "What city d... |
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