id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
2,798 | Oklahoma City also has several major national and state highways within its city limits. Shields Boulevard (US-77) continues from E.K. Gaylord Boulevard in downtown Oklahoma City and runs south eventually connecting to I-35 near the suburb of Moore. Northwest Expressway (Oklahoma State Highway 3) runs from North Classe... | [
{
"answer": "Shields Boulevard",
"question": "What boulevard turns into E.K Gaylord Boulevard?"
}
] |
2,799 | Oklahoma City is served by two primary airports, Will Rogers World Airport and the much smaller Wiley Post Airport (incidentally, the two honorees died in the same plane crash in Alaska) Will Rogers World Airport is the state's busiest commercial airport, with over 3.6 million passengers annually. Tinker Air Force Base... | [
{
"answer": "Will Rogers World Airport",
"question": "Which airport is the busiest?"
},
{
"answer": "3.6 million",
"question": "How many people travel through Will Rogers World Airport each year?"
},
{
"answer": "Tinker Air Force Base",
"question": "What is the name of the largest mi... |
2,800 | METRO Transit is the city's public transit company. The main transfer terminal is located downtown at NW 5th Street and Hudson Avenue. METRO Transit maintains limited coverage of the city's main street grid using a hub-and-spoke system from the main terminal, making many journeys impractical due to the rather small num... | [
{
"answer": "METRO Transit",
"question": "What is Oklahoma Cities transit company?"
},
{
"answer": "Fixed Guideway Study",
"question": "What is the name of the plan that is being made to enhance the bus system?"
}
] |
2,801 | On December 2009, Oklahoma City voters passed MAPS 3, the $777 million (7-year 1-cent tax) initiative, which will include funding (appx $130M) for an estimated 5-to-6-mile (8.0 to 9.7 km) modern streetcar in downtown Oklahoma City and the establishment of a transit hub. It is believed the streetcar would begin construc... | [
{
"answer": "December 2009",
"question": "When was MAPS 3 passed?"
},
{
"answer": "$777 million",
"question": "How much will MAPS 3 cost?"
},
{
"answer": "2017",
"question": "What year should the streetcar become operable?"
}
] |
2,802 | Oklahoma City and the surrounding metropolitan area are home to a number of health care facilities and specialty hospitals. In Oklahoma City's MidTown district near downtown resides the state's oldest and largest single site hospital, St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center. | [
{
"answer": "St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center",
"question": "What is the states oldest and largest Hospital?"
}
] |
2,803 | OU Medicine, an academic medical institution located on the campus of The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, is home to OU Medical Center. OU Medicine operates Oklahoma's only level-one trauma center at the OU Medical Center and the state's only level-one trauma center for children at Children's Hospital at... | [
{
"answer": "Oklahoma Health Center district",
"question": "Where is the Children's hospital located?"
}
] |
2,804 | INTEGRIS Health owns several hospitals, including INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, the INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, and the INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Center. INTEGRIS Health operates hospitals, rehabilitation centers, physician clinics, mental health facilities, independent living centers and home health age... | [
{
"answer": "INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center",
"question": "Name a hospital owned by INTEGRIS Health?"
},
{
"answer": "2012",
"question": "When was INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center part of U.S News and World Reports best Hospitals list?"
}
] |
2,805 | The Midwest Regional Medical Center located in the suburb of Midwest City; other major hospitals in the city include the Oklahoma Heart Hospital and the Mercy Health Center. There are 347 physicians for every 100,000 people in the city. | [
{
"answer": "Midwest City",
"question": "Where is the Midwest Regional Medical Center?"
},
{
"answer": "347",
"question": "How many doctors are there per 100,000 people?"
}
] |
2,806 | In the American College of Sports Medicine's annual ranking of the United States' 50 most populous metropolitan areas on the basis of community health, Oklahoma City took last place in 2010, falling five places from its 2009 rank of 45. The ACSM's report, published as part of its American Fitness Index program, cited, ... | [
{
"answer": "last place",
"question": "What ranking was Oklahoma City in for the American College of Sports Medicine in 2010?"
}
] |
2,807 | A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species. | [
{
"answer": "hunter-gatherer",
"question": "What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna?"
},
{
"answer": "agricultural",
"question": "What type of society relies on domestication for producing food?"
},
{
"answer": "domesticated species",
"question": "What type of pla... |
2,808 | Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world. | [
{
"answer": "Hunting and gathering",
"question": "What has been humans' best adaptation in food production?"
},
{
"answer": "Hunting and gathering",
"question": "What was the first way humans used to find food?"
},
{
"answer": "invention of agriculture",
"question": "What stopped the... |
2,809 | Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals. | [
{
"answer": "Only a few",
"question": "How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there?"
},
{
"answer": "horticulture and/or keeping animals",
"question": "What do modern hunter-gatherers use to produce food in addition to gathering?"
},
{
"answer": "hunter-gatherers",
"question... |
2,810 | In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this v... | [
{
"answer": "scavenging",
"question": "How did early humans locate meat without hunting ?"
},
{
"answer": "natural causes",
"question": "In addition to finding already dead animals, what other cause of death were their animal finds?"
},
{
"answer": "sparsely wooded areas",
"question"... |
2,811 | According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict th... | [
{
"answer": "persistence hunting",
"question": "What is long-distance running as a food hunting-gathering technique?"
},
{
"answer": "endurance running hypothesis",
"question": "What theory says that long-distance running drove the evolution of some human traits?"
},
{
"answer": "some hu... |
2,812 | Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and ... | [
{
"answer": "1.8 million years ago",
"question": "When did human populations begin using hunting-gathering?"
},
{
"answer": "Homo erectus",
"question": "What phase of human used subsistence strategies to find food?"
},
{
"answer": "0.2 million years ago",
"question": "When did Homo s... |
2,813 | Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating s... | [
{
"answer": "Middle to Upper Paleolithic",
"question": "During what period did hunter-gatherers begin to focus food collection on a more limited range?"
},
{
"answer": "80,000 to 70,000 years ago",
"question": "How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection pract... |
2,814 | Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environ... | [
{
"answer": "jungle-clad river banks",
"question": "In what kind of area did forest gardening start?"
},
{
"answer": "foothills of monsoon regions",
"question": "In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?"
},
{
"answer": "tree and vine species",
"question": "What kind... |
2,815 | Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hu... | [
{
"answer": "in the developing world",
"question": "Where do many modern day hunter-gatherers live?"
},
{
"answer": "arid regions or tropical forests",
"question": "In what type of climate do hunter-gatherers live?"
},
{
"answer": "settlements of agriculturalists",
"question": "What ... |
2,816 | As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Su... | [
{
"answer": "agricultural societies",
"question": "Who expanded into the territory of hunter-gathers?"
},
{
"answer": "first forms of government",
"question": "What did the increase in agricultural areas produce?"
},
{
"answer": "agricultural centers",
"question": "What were the Fert... |
2,817 | As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use. | [
{
"answer": "unsuitable for agricultural use",
"question": "What type of areas do modern hunter-gathers live in?"
},
{
"answer": "few",
"question": "How many modern hunter-gatherer cultures are there?"
},
{
"answer": "agriculture",
"question": "What do people basically rely on now?"
... |
2,818 | Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available. | [
{
"answer": "nomadic or semi-nomadic",
"question": "What is the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers?"
},
{
"answer": "temporary",
"question": "What is the permanence of hunter-gatherer settlements?"
},
{
"answer": "impermanent",
"question": "What kind of building materials do they use?"
... |
2,819 | Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary. | [
{
"answer": "rich environments",
"question": "What kind of area allowed a more permanent settlement?"
},
{
"answer": "hunter-gatherer",
"question": "What is the life style of the indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest?"
},
{
"answer": "sedentary or semi-sedentary",
"question": "W... |
2,820 | Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men. | [
{
"answer": "egalitarian",
"question": "What is the social style of hunter-gather societies?"
},
{
"answer": "Northwest Coast of North America",
"question": " Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live?"
},
{
"answer": "African",
"question": "what group of hunter-gat... |
2,821 | The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the con... | [
{
"answer": "in an evolutionary context",
"question": "How is it interesting to view hunter-gatherers' egalitarianism?"
},
{
"answer": "anything but egalitarian",
"question": "What do chimpanzees act like as pertains to being egalitarianism?"
},
{
"answer": "into hierarchies",
"quest... |
2,822 | Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers... | [
{
"answer": "permanent leaders",
"question": "What permanent group representative do hunter-gatherers not have?"
},
{
"answer": "task being performed",
"question": "Initiative within the group depends upon what factor?"
},
{
"answer": "matrilocal",
"question": "What group arrangement... |
2,823 | It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be... | [
{
"answer": "Western values",
"question": "What value system do Western scholars tend to use in analyzing societies?"
},
{
"answer": "women",
"question": "Who does most of the gathering in a hunter-gatherer society?"
},
{
"answer": "men",
"question": "What group members are the big g... |
2,824 | To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 8... | [
{
"answer": "sexual division",
"question": "How is labor often divided in these groups?"
},
{
"answer": "85%",
"question": "What percentage of Aeta women hunt?"
},
{
"answer": "31%",
"question": "What is the success rate of Aeta female hunters?"
},
{
"answer": "17%",
"que... |
2,825 | At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus ... | [
{
"answer": "Man the Hunter",
"question": "At what conference did Richard Borshay speak?"
},
{
"answer": "1966",
"question": "When was the Man the Hunter conference?"
},
{
"answer": "mobility",
"question": "Why is there a lessening of material possessions in hunting and gathering gro... |
2,826 | At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunt... | [
{
"answer": "Marshall Sahlins",
"question": "Who called hunter-gathers the original affluent society?"
},
{
"answer": "1996",
"question": "When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups?"
},
{
"answer": "8.8 hours a day",
"question": "How long a day do people... |
2,827 | Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy." | [
{
"answer": "sharing",
"question": "What other characteristic of group behavior is needed in a hunter-gatherer society?"
},
{
"answer": "gift economy",
"question": "What is the basis of a hunting an gathering economy?"
}
] |
2,828 | Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant ... | [
{
"answer": "temperature",
"question": "What is the only important factor in hunter-gatherer tool choices?"
},
{
"answer": "variability",
"question": "What does climate produce in hunter-gatherer societies?"
},
{
"answer": "significant",
"question": "What is the threat that extreme t... |
2,829 | One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the s... | [
{
"answer": "egalitarian",
"question": "What does the immediate return system mean?"
},
{
"answer": "nonegalitarian",
"question": "To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?"
},
{
"answer": "immediate return",
"question": "Which group eats their acquired food in a ... |
2,830 | Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" c... | [
{
"answer": "contact with modern civilization",
"question": "How do modern hunters and gathers differ from early ones?"
},
{
"answer": "pristine",
"question": "What type of conditions are not present in modern societies?"
},
{
"answer": "in uncontacted peoples",
"question": "Where do... |
2,831 | The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes di... | [
{
"answer": "adaptive strategy",
"question": "What is hunting and gathering argued to be?"
},
{
"answer": "environmental change",
"question": "What situation can cause food stresses that make hunting-gathering necessary?"
},
{
"answer": "transition",
"question": "What change from hun... |
2,832 | In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or past... | [
{
"answer": "agriculturalists",
"question": "If they're not purely hunter-gatherers, then what do they have a history of being?"
},
{
"answer": "pushed into marginal areas",
"question": "What caused these one-time agriculturalists to become foragers??"
},
{
"answer": "migrations",
"q... |
2,833 | Some of the theorists who advocate this "revisionist" critique imply that, because the "pure hunter-gatherer" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-29; see Wilmsen) | [
{
"answer": "nothing meaningful",
"question": "What can be learned from the study of modern hunter-gatherers?"
},
{
"answer": "theorists",
"question": "Who thinks that it is useless to study modern foragers since the real ones are gone?"
},
{
"answer": "pure hunter-gatherer",
"questi... |
2,834 | Lee and Guenther have rejected most of the arguments put forward by Wilmsen. Doron Shultziner and others have argued that we can learn a lot about the life-styles of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers—especially their impressive levels of egalitarianism. | [
{
"answer": "Lee and Guenther",
"question": "Who has rejected Wilmsen's arguments?"
},
{
"answer": "prehistoric hunter-gatherers",
"question": "Whose lifestyle does Shultziner think we can learn about?"
},
{
"answer": "egalitarianism",
"question": "What is it about prehistoric hunter... |
2,835 | Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but the... | [
{
"answer": "the landscape",
"question": "What do hunter-gathers intentionally manipulate?"
},
{
"answer": "cutting or burning undesirable plants",
"question": "How do they manage the landscape?"
},
{
"answer": "slash-and-burn",
"question": "What technique do they use to make animal ... |
2,836 | Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniqu... | [
{
"answer": "hunt and gather",
"question": "What do some agriculturalists often do?"
},
{
"answer": "go hunting",
"question": "What do they sometimes do for entertainment?"
},
{
"answer": "to escape colonial control",
"question": "Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle?"
},
... |
2,837 | There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for ... | [
{
"answer": "Pila Nguru",
"question": "What is the name of the Spinifex people?"
},
{
"answer": "Western Australia",
"question": "Where do the Pila Nguru people live?"
},
{
"answer": "Sentinelese",
"question": "Who refuses contact with outsiders on Sentinel Island?"
},
{
"ans... |
2,838 | Evidence suggests big-game hunter gatherers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia (Eurasia) into North America over a land bridge (Beringia), that existed between 47,000–14,000 years ago. Around 18,500-15,500 years ago, these hunter-gatherers are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Pleistocene megafauna along ... | [
{
"answer": "ice-free corridors",
"question": "These ancient hunter-gathers followed what path in pursuit of game?"
},
{
"answer": "Laurentide and Cordilleran",
"question": "Between what ice sheets were the corridors located?"
},
{
"answer": "primitive boats",
"question": "What other... |
2,839 | Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geogr... | [
{
"answer": "Great Plains",
"question": "Where did the North American hunter-gathers mostly live?"
},
{
"answer": "stone tool production",
"question": "What basic trait do all hunter-gatherers share?"
},
{
"answer": "common style",
"question": "What is it about the tool styles that i... |
2,840 | The Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thu... | [
{
"answer": "warmer more arid",
"question": "What kind of climate occurred in the Americas?"
},
{
"answer": "megafauna",
"question": "What disappeared during the Archaic period?"
},
{
"answer": "regional adaptations",
"question": "What became the norm for the mobile bands?"
},
{
... |
2,841 | The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled." Their work involves t... | [
{
"answer": "United Nations Population Fund",
"question": "What is the current name of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities?"
},
{
"answer": "reproductive health",
"question": "UNFPA's work concerns what general area?"
},
{
"answer": "wanted",
"question": "One of UNFPA's... |
2,842 | The UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a member of the United Nations Developme... | [
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "In how many geographic regions does UNFPA operate?"
},
{
"answer": "three quarters",
"question": "About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work?"
},
{
"answer": "United Nations Development Group",
"question": "UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. gr... |
2,843 | UNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly. | [
{
"answer": "1969",
"question": "When did UNFPA begin its work?"
},
{
"answer": "United Nations Fund for Population Activities",
"question": "What was UNFPA's original name?"
},
{
"answer": "1987",
"question": "When did the organization change its name?"
},
{
"answer": "Unite... |
2,844 | In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, an... | [
{
"answer": "2015",
"question": "When did the U.N. vote to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals?"
},
{
"answer": "193",
"question": "How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals?"
},
{
"answer": "17",
"question": "How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?"
... |
2,845 | The Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in particular Goal 3 on health, Goal 4 on... | [
{
"answer": "ambitious",
"question": "Are the Sustainable Development Goals considered ambitious or modest in scope?"
},
{
"answer": "health",
"question": "The third of the goals concerns what?"
},
{
"answer": "education",
"question": "What does the fourth goal focus on improving?"
... |
2,846 | Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN
2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)
2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)
1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)
1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines) | [
{
"answer": "Rafael M. Salas",
"question": "Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?"
},
{
"answer": "Nigeria",
"question": "Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?"
},
{
"answer": "Thoraya Ahmed Obaid",
"question": "Who was Executive Directo... |
2,847 | UNFPA is the world's largest multilateral source of funding for population and reproductive health programs. The Fund works with governments and non-governmental organizations in over 150 countries with the support of the international community, supporting programs that help women, men and young people: | [
{
"answer": "population and reproductive health programs",
"question": "UNFPA is the largest worldwide funder of what type of programs?"
},
{
"answer": "150",
"question": "In how many countries does UNFPA operate?"
},
{
"answer": "non-governmental organizations",
"question": "In addi... |
2,848 | According to UNFPA these elements promote the right of "reproductive health", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system. | [
{
"answer": "reproductive health",
"question": "UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?"
},
{
"answer": "the reproductive system",
"question": "These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?"
},
{
"answer": "social health",
"question": "What is the t... |
2,849 | The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also repre... | [
{
"answer": "developing countries",
"question": "Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support?"
},
{
"answer": "population concerns",
"question": "To what does The Fund advocate that close attention be paid?"
},
{
"answer": "policies and strategies",
"question": "W... |
2,850 | UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people. | [
{
"answer": "women and young people",
"question": "UNFPA's mission is to promote the rights and health of whom?"
},
{
"answer": "governments",
"question": "With whom does UNFPA work in partnership?"
},
{
"answer": "United Nations agencies",
"question": "With what sort of agencies doe... |
2,851 | UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administration... | [
{
"answer": "forced-abortions",
"question": "UNFPA has been accused of supporting what type of abortion?"
},
{
"answer": "sterilizations",
"question": "UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?"
},
{
"answer": "anti-family planning groups",
"question": "What gr... |
2,852 | Contributions from governments and the private sector to UNFPA in 2014 exceeded $1 billion. The amount includes $477 million to the organization’s core resources and $529 million earmarked for specific programs and initiatives. | [
{
"answer": "governments and the private sector",
"question": "Who contributes to UNFPA?"
},
{
"answer": "$1 billion",
"question": "Contributions exceeded how much in 2014?"
},
{
"answer": "$529 million",
"question": "How much of its funding was earmarked?"
},
{
"answer": "$4... |
2,853 | UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but conti... | [
{
"answer": "the mid-to-late '90s",
"question": "During what period did UNFPA aid Peru's reproductive health program?"
},
{
"answer": "sterilizations",
"question": "Peru was found to have been coercing what?"
},
{
"answer": "reforms and protocols",
"question": "UNFPA responded to Per... |
2,854 | From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Polit... | [
{
"answer": "the Bush Administration",
"question": "Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA?"
},
{
"answer": "From 2002 through 2008",
"question": "During what period did the administration deny funding?"
},
{
"answer": "the US Congress",
"question": "Who allocates ... |
2,855 | UNFPA's connection to China's administration of forced abortions was refuted by investigations carried out by various US, UK, and UN teams sent to examine UNFPA activities in China. Specifically, a three-person U.S State Department fact-finding team was sent on a two-week tour throughout China. It wrote in a report to ... | [
{
"answer": "China",
"question": "Which country was administering forced abortions?"
},
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many people were on the U.S. fact-finding team?"
},
{
"answer": "the State Department",
"question": "Which U.S. department investigated the allegations?"
}
... |
2,856 | However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else. | [
{
"answer": "population control policies",
"question": "What policies did a State Department official accuse UNFPA of helping China carry out?"
},
{
"answer": "Secretary of State",
"question": "What was this official's position at the time?"
},
{
"answer": "Colin Powell",
"question":... |
2,857 | Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coer... | [
{
"answer": "Christopher H. Smith",
"question": "Which representative criticized the the State Department investigation?"
},
{
"answer": "Potemkin Villages",
"question": "The representative said that inspectors had been show what sort of villages?"
},
{
"answer": "Dr. Nafis Sadik",
"... |
2,859 | President Bush denied funding to the UNFPA. Over the course of the Bush Administration, a total of $244 million in Congressionally approved funding was blocked by the Executive Branch. | [
{
"answer": "President",
"question": "Which government official blocked funding to the UNFPA?"
},
{
"answer": "Bush",
"question": "What was the name of the official who blocked UNFPA funding?"
},
{
"answer": "$244 million",
"question": "How much funding was blocked?"
},
{
"an... |
2,860 | In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark,... | [
{
"answer": "the Netherlands",
"question": "Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?"
},
{
"answer": "Luxembourg",
"question": "Which European government contributed the least to the UNFPA in 2008?"
},
{
"answer": "Japan",
"question": "Which non-European d... |
2,861 | In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations. | [
{
"answer": "America",
"question": "What is one country in which nonprofit organizations try to make up for the loss of United States funding for the UNFPA?"
},
{
"answer": "nonprofit",
"question": "What kind of organization is Friends of UNFPA?"
},
{
"answer": "Americans for UNFPA",
... |
2,862 | In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduc... | [
{
"answer": "Barack Obama",
"question": "Which president began funding UNFPA again?"
},
{
"answer": "2009",
"question": "In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?"
},
{
"answer": "January",
"question": "In what month did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?"
},
{
"answer": "180... |
2,864 | Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't... | [
{
"answer": "the Bolsheviks",
"question": "Which group originally created the Soviet state?"
},
{
"answer": "Vladimir Lenin",
"question": "Who led the group which created the Soviet state?"
},
{
"answer": "the Russian Provisional Government",
"question": "Which government was overthr... |
2,865 | On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet... | [
{
"answer": "December 30, 1922",
"question": "When was the Soviet Union created?"
},
{
"answer": "six",
"question": "How many republics were in the USSR?"
},
{
"answer": "the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic",
"question": "What name for Russia was listed in the Soviet Con... |
2,866 | On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constituti... | [
{
"answer": "December 25, 1991",
"question": "When did the Soviet Union break up?"
},
{
"answer": "the Russian Federation",
"question": "Which name did Russia take after the fall of the Soviet Union?"
},
{
"answer": "the Russian Federation",
"question": "What is the current official ... |
2,867 | The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L... | [
{
"answer": "Poland",
"question": "Which country did the RSFSR border on the west?"
},
{
"answer": "Norway and Finland",
"question": "Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest?"
},
{
"answer": "Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People... |
2,868 | The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five mont... | [
{
"answer": "November 7, 1917",
"question": "When did the Soviet regime first become powerful?"
},
{
"answer": "the Russian Provisional Government",
"question": "Which government was in power before the Soviet regime?"
},
{
"answer": "the October Revolution",
"question": "Which revol... |
2,869 | On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ... | [
{
"answer": "the Soviet Russian Republic",
"question": "Which official name was Russia given at the start of 1918?"
},
{
"answer": "Germany",
"question": "To which country did Russia give land during World War I?"
},
{
"answer": "the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk",
"question": "Which treat... |
2,870 | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | [
{
"answer": "Karachay Autonomous Oblast",
"question": "Which oblast was broken up in 1943?"
},
{
"answer": "Central Asia",
"question": "Where were the Karachays sent after their oblast was broken up?"
},
{
"answer": "the Georgian SSR",
"question": "Which SSR received the land of the ... |
2,871 | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | [
{
"answer": "November 7, 1917",
"question": "On what date was the RSFSR established?"
},
{
"answer": "October Revolution",
"question": "What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR?"
},
{
"answer": "1918",
"question": "In what year was the Constitution adopted?"
},
{
"ans... |
2,872 | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 i... | [
{
"answer": "two-thirds",
"question": "How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR?"
},
{
"answer": "the United States and Saudi Arabia",
"question": "What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961?"
},
{
"answer": "23,941,000",
"question": "How many ... |
2,873 | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states ... | [
{
"answer": "June 12, 1990",
"question": "On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted?"
},
{
"answer": "Boris Yeltsin",
"question": "Who became president on June 12, 1991?"
},
{
"answer": "December 8, 1991",
"question": "On what date were the Belavezha Accords signe... |
2,874 | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its memb... | [
{
"answer": "Russian Federation",
"question": "What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991?"
},
{
"answer": "December 26, 1991",
"question": "On what date was the USSR dissolved?"
},
{
"answer": "Soviet of Nationalities",
"question": "What body was responsible for t... |
2,875 | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On ... | [
{
"answer": "January 25, 1918",
"question": "On what date was the state named the Soviet Russian Republic?"
},
{
"answer": "All-Russian Congress of Soviets",
"question": "What body renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic?"
},
{
"answer": "March 3, 1918",
"question": "When was t... |
2,876 | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | [
{
"answer": "Treaty of Tartu",
"question": "What treaty resulted in the recognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states?"
},
{
"answer": "Irish Republic",
"question": "Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920?"
}
] |
2,877 | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | [
{
"answer": "Russia",
"question": "What was the common name of the Soviet Union?"
},
{
"answer": "republic",
"question": "Technically, what type of state was Russia?"
},
{
"answer": "Russia",
"question": "What was the largest republic in the Soviet Union?"
}
] |
2,878 | Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore. | [
{
"answer": "70%",
"question": "What percentage of the RSFSR was made up of plains?"
},
{
"answer": "the east",
"question": "In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly exist?"
},
{
"answer": "natural gas",
"question": "Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was abundant in... |
2,879 | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Sovi... | [
{
"answer": "December 30, 1922",
"question": "On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR passed?"
},
{
"answer": "First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR",
"question": "What body passed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR?"
},
{
"answer": "Transcaucasian Soviet Federal ... |
2,880 | Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh... | [
{
"answer": "1932–1933",
"question": "During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union?"
},
{
"answer": "the 1936 Soviet Constitution",
"question": "What document was ratified on December 5, 1936?"
},
{
"answer": "the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics",
"question":... |
2,881 | The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | [
{
"answer": "the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic",
"question": "What was Soviet Russia called as of 1937?"
},
{
"answer": "the Russian Constitution of 1937",
"question": "What document changed the name of Russia in 1937?"
}
] |
2,882 | On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR. | [
{
"answer": "the Chechen-Ingush ASSR",
"question": "What state was dissolved on March 3, 1944?"
},
{
"answer": "Stalin",
"question": "Who ordered the deportation of the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR?"
},
{
"answer": "accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism",
... |
2,883 | On October 11, 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, in 1961 becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. | [
{
"answer": "Tuvan Autonomous Oblast",
"question": "What was the Tuvan People's Republic renamed when it joined the RSFSR?"
},
{
"answer": "October 11, 1944",
"question": "On what date did the Tuvan People's Republic join the Russian SFSR?"
},
{
"answer": "an Autonomous Soviet Socialist ... |
2,884 | After reconquering Estonia and Latvia in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around Ivangorod and within the modern Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts in 1944-1945. | [
{
"answer": "Latvia",
"question": "Along with Estonia, what country was taken over by the Russian SFSR in 1944?"
},
{
"answer": "Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts",
"question": "What modern districts of Estonia and Latvia were annexed by the RSFSR in 1944?"
},
{
"answer": "Ivangorod",
... |
2,885 | At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan. | [
{
"answer": "Kuril Islands",
"question": "Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were occupied by the Soviets after the Second World War?"
},
{
"answer": "the RSFSR",
"question": "What administrative division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?"
},
{
"answer": "the southernmost Kuril... |
2,886 | On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast — the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR. | [
{
"answer": "April 17, 1946",
"question": "On what date was Kaliningrad Oblast annexed?"
},
{
"answer": "East Prussia",
"question": "What province of Germany did Kaliningrad Oblast form a part of?"
},
{
"answer": "the Russian SFSR",
"question": "What administrative division did Kalin... |
2,887 | On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion. | [
{
"answer": "Malenkov",
"question": "Who was demoted on February 8, 1955?"
},
{
"answer": "deputy Prime Minister",
"question": "To what position was Malenkov demoted?"
},
{
"answer": "First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party",
"question": "What position was hel... |
2,888 | On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR. | [
{
"answer": "January 9, 1957",
"question": "When was the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic transferred from the Georgian SSR?"
},
{
"answer": "Karachay Autonomous Oblast",
"question": "What territory was transferred along with the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Repu... |
2,889 | In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in So... | [
{
"answer": "Nikita Khrushchev",
"question": "Who lost power in 1964?"
},
{
"answer": "Leonid Brezhnev",
"question": "Who assumed a position of power in 1964?"
},
{
"answer": "1982",
"question": "When did Leonid Brezhnev die?"
},
{
"answer": "Mikhail Gorbachev",
"question... |
2,890 | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics. | [
{
"answer": "June 12, 1990",
"question": "On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR adopted?"
},
{
"answer": "the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic",
"question": "What body passed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?"
},
{
... |
2,891 | On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor... | [
{
"answer": "March 17, 1991",
"question": "On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR created?"
},
{
"answer": "Boris Yeltsin",
"question": "Who was the first President of the RSFSR?"
},
{
"answer": "Mikhail Gorbachev",
"question": "Who was the President of the Soviet Unio... |
2,892 | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | [
{
"answer": "August 23",
"question": "On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR suspended?"
},
{
"answer": "Yeltsin",
"question": "Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?"
},
{
"answer": "November 6",
"question": "On what date was the ... |
2,894 | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | [
{
"answer": "December 24",
"question": "When did the Russian Federation assume the Soviet Union's membership in the UN?"
},
{
"answer": "December 25",
"question": "On what day did Gorbachev give up the presidency of the Soviet Union?"
},
{
"answer": "the Russian Federation",
"questio... |
2,895 | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | [
{
"answer": "the Council of People's Commissars",
"question": "What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1946?"
},
{
"answer": "Council of Ministers",
"question": "What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1946?"
},
{
"answer": "Council of Ministers–Government",
"quest... |
2,896 | The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | [
{
"answer": "the Communist Party of the Soviet Union",
"question": "What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1991?"
},
{
"answer": "the abortive 1991 August coup",
"question": "What event prompted the end to the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR?"
},... |
2,897 | Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood's "Big Six" film studios. Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California. Distribution and other co... | [
{
"answer": "NBCUniversal",
"question": "Which company is directly above Universal Studios?"
},
{
"answer": "Comcast",
"question": "Which company runs NBC Universal?"
},
{
"answer": "Big Six",
"question": "What is the nickname given to the large studios of which Universal is a part?"... |
2,898 | It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company. | [
{
"answer": "fourth",
"question": "What rank does Universal Studios have in terms of age?"
},
{
"answer": "Nordisk",
"question": "Which film studio from Denmark is older than Universal?"
},
{
"answer": "Gaumont Film Company and Pathé",
"question": "Which French companies are older th... |
2,899 | Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane[a] and Jules Brulatour. One story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the day's takings. Within weeks of his Chicago t... | [
{
"answer": "Chicago",
"question": "After a trip to what city did Carl Laemmle leave the dry goods business?"
},
{
"answer": "1908",
"question": "In what year was the Motion Picture Trust created?"
},
{
"answer": "Edison",
"question": "What notable historical figure was involved in t... |
2,900 | Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures. In June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee... | [
{
"answer": "Yankee Film Company",
"question": "What company did Laemmle found in June 1909?"
},
{
"answer": "Abe Stern and Julius Stern",
"question": "Who were Laemmle's business partners in the Yankee Film Company?"
},
{
"answer": "Fort Lee, New Jersey",
"question": "In what city a... |
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