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A Ansari—Bradley test, 786 Beta functions, incomplete, 207
Additive model Association, causation and, 251,671 Bias-corrected and accelerated
for ANOVA, 584-6, 589 Asymptotic normal distribution, 298, interval, 415, 417, 538
for linear regression analysis, 624 371, 375, 377, 671 Bimodal histogram, 18, 19
for multiple regression Asymptotic relative efficiency, Binomial distribution
analysis, 682 164, 769 basics of, 128-135
Alternative hypothesis, 426 Autocorrelation coefficient, 674 Bayesian approach to, 777-780
Analysis of covariance, 699 Average multinomial distribution and, 240
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) definition of, 25 normal distribution and,
additive model for, 584-586, deviation, 33 189-190, 302
597 pairwise, 379, 772-773, 775 Poisson distribution and,
data transformation for, 579 rank, 785 147-149
definition of, 552 weighted (see Weighted average) Binomial experiment, 130-131, 134,
expected value in, 556, 573, 147, 240, 302, 724
589, 597 B Binomial random variable
fixed vs. random effects, 579 Bar graph, 9, 19 Bernoulli random variables and,
Friedman test, 785 Bartlett’s test, 562 134, 302
fundamental identity of, 560, Bayesian approach to inference, 758, cdf for, 132
564, 587, 599, 600, 635 716-782 definition of, 130
interaction model for, 597-606 Bayes’ Theorem, 79-81, 777, 780 distribution of, 132
Kruskal-Wallis test, 784 Bemoulli distribution, 104, 122, 134, expected value of, 134, 135
Levene test, 562-563 302 373, 375, 377, 777 in hypergeometric experiment,
linear regression and, 636,639, Bernoulli random variable 141
664, 708, 717 binomial random variable and, in hypothesis testing, 428-431,
mean in, 553, 555, 557 134, 302 450-454
mixed effects model for, Cramér-Rao inequality for, 375 mean of, 134-135
593, 603 definition of, 98 moment generating function for,
multiple comparisons in, expected value, 113 135
564-571, 578, 589-590, 603 Fisher information on, 372-373, multinomial distribution of, 240
noncentrality parameter for, 377 in negative binomial experiment,
574, 582 Laplace’s rule of succession 142
notation for, 555, 559, 598 and, 782 normal approximation of,
power curves for, 574-575 mean of, 113 189-190, 302
randomized block experiments mle for, 377 pmf for, 132
and, 590-593 moment generating function for, and Poisson distribution,
regression identity of, 635-636 122, 123, 127 147-149
sample sizes in, 574-576 pmf of, 103 standard deviation of, 134
single-factor, 553-582 score function for, 372 unbiased estimation, 335, 337
two-factor, 582-608 in Wilcoxon’s signed-rank variance of, 134, 135
type I error in, 558-559 statistic, 314 Binomial theorem, 135, 142-144
type I error in, 574 Beta distribution, 206-208, 777 Bioequivalence tests, 551
835
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836 Index
Birth process, pure, 378 in confidence intervals, Complement of an event, 53, 60
Bivariate data, 3, 617, 623, 632, 389-390, 410 Compound event, 52, 62
691, 721 critical values for, 317, 389, Concentration parameter, 779
Bivariate normal distribution, 409-410, 477, 725, 727, Conceptual population, 6, 113,
258-260, 310, 318, 477, 737-138 287, 487
667-671 definition of, 200 Conditional density, 253
Bonferroni confidence intervals, degrees of freedom for, 200,315 Conditional distribution, 253-263,
424, 657-659, 689 exponential distribution 361, 369, 667, 735, 758, 777
Bootstrap procedure and, 317 Conditional mean, 255-262
for confidence intervals, F distribution and, 323-325 Conditional probability, 74-81,
411-418, 532-534 gamma distribution and, 200, 315 84-85, 200, 253-255, 362,
for paired data, 538-540 in goodness-of-fit tests, 720-751 365-366
for point estimates, 345-346 Rayleigh distribution and, 226 Conditional probability density
Bound on the error of estimation, 388 standard normal distribution function, 253
Box-Muller transformation, 271 and, 224, 316-317, 325 Conditional probability mass
Boxplot, 37-41 of sum of squares, 317, 557 function, 253, 255
comparative, 40-41 1 distribution and, 320, 325 Conditional variance, 255-262, 367
Branching process, 281 in transformation, 224 Confidence bound, 398-399, 403,
Weibull distribution and, 231 440, 494, 500, 513
c Chi-squared random variable Confidence interval
Categorical data in ANOVA, 557 adjustment of, 400
classification of, 30 cdf for, 316 in ANOVA, 565, 570-571, 578,
graphs for, 19 expected value of, 315 589, 591, 603
in multiple regression analysis, in hypothesis testing, 482 based on f distribution, 401-404,
696-699 in likelihood ratio tests, 477, 480 499-501, 505, 513-515,
Pareto diagram, 24 mean of, 315 570-571, 643-646
sample proportion in, 30 moment generating function Bonferroni, 424, 657-659
Cauchy distribution of, 315 bootstrap procedure for,
mean of, 322, 342 pdf of, 200, 315 411-418, 538, 540, 532-534
median of, 342 standard normal random for a contrast, 571
minimal sufficiency for, 367 variables and, 224, for a correlation coefficient, 671
reciprocals and, 231 316-317, 325 vs. credibility interval, 777-781
standard normal distribution in Tukey’s procedure, 565 definition of, 382
and, 271 variance of, 315 derivation of, 389
uniform distribution and, 226 Chi-squared test for difference of means, 493-495,
variance of sample mean degrees of freedom in, 726, 734, 500-501, 505, 513-515,
for, 349 736, 745, 748 532-534, 539-540, 565-569,
Causation, association and, 251, 671 for goodness of fit, 724-730, 578, 589, 591, 603
cdf. See Cumulative distribution for homogeneity, 745~747 for difference of proportions, 524
function for independence, 747-749 distribution-free, 771-776
Cell counts/frequencies, 725-727, P-value for, 727-728 for exponential distribution
729-730, 732-740, 744-750 for specified distribution, parameter, 389
Cell probabilities, 729, 732, 737, 739 729-730 in linear regression, 643-646,
Censored experiments, 32, 343-344 z test and, 752 656-658
Census, 2 Class intervals, 15-17, 278, 293, for mean, 383~387, 392,
Central Limit Theorem 738-739 403-404, 411-415
basics of, 298-303 Coefficient of determination for median, 415-417
Law of Large Numbers and, 305 definition of, 632-634, 686 in multiple regression, 689, 712
proof of, 329-330 F ratio and, 687 one-sided, 398, 500, 513
sample proportion distribution in multiple regression, 686 for paired data, 513-515, 539
and, 190 sample correlation coefficient for ratio of variances, 530-531, 537