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2
If $\sin x,$ $\cos x,$ $\tan x$ form a geometric sequence, in this order, then find $\cot^6 x - \cot^2 x.$
Level 2
Since $\sin x,$ $\cos x,$ $\tan x$ is a geometric sequence, \[\cos^2 x = \sin x \tan x.\]Then \[\cot^2 x = \frac{\cos^2 x}{\sin ^2 x} = \frac{\sin x \tan x}{\sin^2 x} = \frac{1}{\cos x},\]so \[\cot^4 x = \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} = \frac{\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x}{\cos^2 x} = \tan^2 x + 1.\]Therefore, \begin{align*} \cot^6 x - \cot...
Precalculus
2
Find $\csc 225^\circ.$
Level 1
We have that \[\csc 225^\circ = \frac{1}{\sin 225^\circ}.\]Then $\sin 225^\circ = -\sin (225^\circ - 180^\circ) = -\sin 45^\circ = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},$ so \[\frac{1}{\sin 225^\circ} = \boxed{-\sqrt{2}}.\]
Precalculus
1
The matrices \[\begin{pmatrix} 3 & -8 \\ a & 11 \end{pmatrix} \quad \text{and} \quad \begin{pmatrix} 11 & b \\ 4 & 3 \end{pmatrix}\]are inverses. Enter the ordered pair $(a,b).$
Level 2
The product of the matrices is \[\begin{pmatrix} 3 & -8 \\ a & 11 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 11 & b \\ 4 & 3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 3b - 24 \\ 11a + 44 & ab + 33 \end{pmatrix}.\]We want this to be the identity matrix, so $3b - 24 = 0,$ $11a + 44 = 0,$ and $ab + 33 = 1.$ Solving, we find $(a,b) = \boxed...
Precalculus
2
Given that $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b}$ are nonzero vectors such that $\|\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}\| = \|\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}\|,$ find the angle between $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b},$ in degrees.
Level 2
From $\|\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}\| = \|\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}\|,$ $\|\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}\|^2 = \|\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}\|^2.$ Then \[(\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}) \cdot (\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}) = (\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}) \cdot (\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}).\]We can expand this as \[\mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{a} + 2 \math...
Precalculus
2
If $\mathbf{A}^{-1} = \begin{pmatrix} -4 & 1 \\ 0 & 2 \end{pmatrix},$ then find the inverse of $\mathbf{A}^2.$
Level 2
Note that $(\mathbf{A}^{-1})^2 \mathbf{A}^2 = \mathbf{A}^{-1} \mathbf{A}^{-1} \mathbf{A} \mathbf{A} = \mathbf{I},$ so the inverse of $\mathbf{A}^2$ is \[(\mathbf{A}^{-1})^2 = \begin{pmatrix} -4 & 1 \\ 0 & 2 \end{pmatrix}^2 = \boxed{\begin{pmatrix}16 & -2 \\ 0 & 4 \end{pmatrix}}.\]
Precalculus
2
Two lines are perpendicular. One line has a direction vector of $\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -7 \end{pmatrix}.$ The other line has a direction vector of $\begin{pmatrix} a \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}.$ Find $a.$
Level 2
Since the two lines are perpendicular, their direction vectors are orthogonal. This means that the dot product of the direction vectors is 0: \[\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -7 \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} a \\ 2 \end{pmatrix} = 0.\]Then $3a - 14 = 0,$ so $a = \boxed{\frac{14}{3}}.$
Precalculus
2
Find $\tan \left( -\frac{3 \pi}{4} \right).$
Level 1
Converting to degrees, \[-\frac{3 \pi}{4} = \frac{180^\circ}{\pi} \cdot \left( -\frac{3 \pi}{4} \right) = -135^\circ.\]Since the tangent function has period $180^\circ,$ $\tan (-135^\circ) = \tan (-135^\circ + 180^\circ) = \tan 45^\circ = \boxed{1}.$
Precalculus
1
If $\det \mathbf{M} = -2,$ then find $ \det (\mathbf{M}^4).$
Level 1
We have that $\det (\mathbf{M}^4) = (\det \mathbf{M})^4 = \boxed{16}.$
Precalculus
1
Compute $\cos 72^\circ.$
Level 2
Let $a = \cos 36^\circ$ and $b = \cos 72^\circ.$ Then by the double angle formula, \[b = 2a^2 - 1.\]Also, $\cos (2 \cdot 72^\circ) = \cos 144^\circ = -\cos 36^\circ,$ so \[-a = 2b^2 - 1.\]Subtracting these equations, we get \[a + b = 2a^2 - 2b^2 = 2(a - b)(a + b).\]Since $a$ and $b$ are positive, $a + b$ is nonzero. ...
Precalculus
2
Find the phase shift of the graph of $y = \sin (3x - \pi).$
Level 2
Since the graph of $y = \sin (3x - \pi)$ is the same as the graph of $y = \sin 3x$ shifted $\frac{\pi}{3}$ units to the right, the phase shift is $\boxed{\frac{\pi}{3}}.$ [asy]import TrigMacros; size(400); real g(real x) { return sin(3*x - pi); } real f(real x) { return sin(3*x); } draw(graph(g,-2*pi,2*pi,n=700,...
Precalculus
2
Let $A,$ $B,$ $C$ be the angles of a triangle. Evaluate \[\begin{vmatrix} \sin^2 A & \cot A & 1 \\ \sin^2 B & \cot B & 1 \\ \sin^2 C & \cot C & 1 \end{vmatrix}.\]
Level 2
We can expand the determinant as follows: \begin{align*} \begin{vmatrix} \sin^2 A & \cot A & 1 \\ \sin^2 B & \cot B & 1 \\ \sin^2 C & \cot C & 1 \end{vmatrix} &= \sin^2 A \begin{vmatrix} \cot B & 1 \\ \cot C & 1 \end{vmatrix} - \cot A \begin{vmatrix} \sin^2 B & 1 \\ \sin^2 C & 1 \end{vmatrix} + \begin{vmatrix} \sin^2 B...
Precalculus
2
Let $G$ be the centroid of triangle $ABC,$ and let $P$ be an arbitrary point. Then there exists a constant $k$ so that \[PA^2 + PB^2 + PC^2 = k \cdot PG^2 + GA^2 + GB^2 + GC^2.\]Find $k.$
Level 2
Let $\mathbf{a}$ denote $\overrightarrow{A},$ etc. Then \begin{align*} PA^2 &= \|\mathbf{p} - \mathbf{a}\|^2 = \mathbf{p} \cdot \mathbf{p} - 2 \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{p} + \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{a}, \\ PB^2 &= \mathbf{p} \cdot \mathbf{p} - 2 \mathbf{b} \cdot \mathbf{p} + \mathbf{b} \cdot \mathbf{b}, \\ PC^2 &= \ma...
Precalculus
2
If angle $A$ lies in the second quadrant and $\sin A = \frac{3}{4},$ find $\cos A.$
Level 2
Since angle $A$ lies in the second quadrant, $\cos A$ is negative. Also, \[\cos^2 A = 1 - \sin^2 A = 1 - \frac{9}{16} = \frac{7}{16},\]so $\cos A = \boxed{-\frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}}.$
Precalculus
2
The real numbers $a$ and $b$ satisfy \[\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ a \\ -7 \end{pmatrix} \times \begin{pmatrix} 5 \\ 4 \\ b \end{pmatrix} = \mathbf{0}.\]Enter the ordered pair $(a,b).$
Level 2
In general, $\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{w} = \mathbf{0}$ if and only if the vectors $\mathbf{v}$ and $\mathbf{w}$ are proportional. Thus, the vectors $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ a \\ -7 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 5 \\ 4 \\ b \end{pmatrix}$ are proportional. Thus, \[\frac{5}{2} = \frac{4}{a} = \frac{b}{-7}.\]Solving...
Precalculus
2