MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark
Paper • 2502.13595 • Published • 47
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2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | 
<figcaption>
<p class="figure-type">infographic,logo,report cover</p>
<p class="figure-description">This is the cover of a Korean cybersecurity report titled “2019년 2분기 사이버 위협 동향 보고서” (Cyber Threats in the Second Quarter of 2019 Report). The design features a large, stylized “X” ... | [{'category': 'figure', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '\n\n <figcaption>\n <p class="figure-type">infographic,logo,report cover</p>\n <p class="figure-description">This is the cover of a Korean cybersecurity report titled “2019년 2분기 사이버 위협 동향 보고서” (Cyber Threats in the Second Qu... | 1 | corpus-test-0 | image | |
2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | 한국인터넷진흥원 | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '한국인터넷진흥원', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.4207, 'y': 0.4935}, {'x': 0.6133, 'y': 0.4935}, {'x': 0.6133, 'y': 0.5178}, {'x': 0.4207, 'y': 0.5178}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}] | 2 | corpus-test-1 | image | |
2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | 목차
제 1 장. Blue Part - 2분기 사이버 위협 동향 1
1. 언론보도로 살펴본 사이버 위협 동향 2
2. 취약점 동향 13
3. 글로벌 사이버 위협 동향 18
4. 만화로 알아보는 이슈 : 5G 이동통신 24
5. 5G 보안 인식도 설문조사 결과 26
※ 2019년 사이버보안 빅데이터 활용 아이디어 챌린지' 대회 소개 35
제 2 장. Red Part - 전문가 컬럼 41
1. KISA 사이버침해대응본부 종합분석팀 이태우 선임연구원 :
Clop(Clop)랜섬웨어 유포 공격의 주요 공격대상이 된 한국 42
2. KISA 사이버침해대응본부 종합분석팀 김병재... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '목차', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1975, 'y': 0.3495}, {'x': 0.2502, 'y': 0.3495}, {'x': 0.2502, 'y': 0.3708}, {'x': 0.1975, 'y': 0.3708}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'index', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': "제 1 장. Blue Part - 2분기 사이버 위협... | 3 | corpus-test-2 | image | |
2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | 한국인터넷진흥원 | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '한국인터넷진흥원', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.4207, 'y': 0.4935}, {'x': 0.6133, 'y': 0.4935}, {'x': 0.6133, 'y': 0.5178}, {'x': 0.4207, 'y': 0.5178}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}] | 4 | corpus-test-3 | image | |
2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | 제 1 장
Blue Part
2분기 사이버 위협 동향

<figcaption>
<p class="figure-type">logo,infographic,diagram</p>
<p class="figure-description">The image displays a stylized, abstract logo composed of two interlocking, curved shapes resembling a dynamic “X” or infinity symbol. The left portion is... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '제 1 장', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.4091, 'y': 0.3111}, {'x': 0.5916, 'y': 0.3111}, {'x': 0.5916, 'y': 0.3541}, {'x': 0.4091, 'y': 0.3541}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': 'Blue Part\n2분기 사이버 위협 ... | 5 | corpus-test-4 | image | |
2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | TA
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제 1 장. 2분기 사이버 위협 동향
<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><inpu... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': 'TA', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1449, 'y': 0.0004}, {'x': 0.1651, 'y': 0.0004}, {'x': 0.1651, 'y': 0.011}, {'x': 0.1449, 'y': 0.011}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbo... | 6 | corpus-test-5 | image | |
2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> .
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<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> .', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1216, 'y': 0.0179}, {'x': 0.1759, 'y': 0.0179}, {'x': 0.175... | 7 | corpus-test-6 | image | |
2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label>
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제 1 장. 2분기 사이버 위협 동향
<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input t... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label>', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.105, 'y': 0.0178}, {'x... | 8 | corpus-test-7 | image | |
2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | · .
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| 5G 기술 SPEC | 기술 환경 | 요구 사항 | 예시 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 이론적 D/L율 10Gbit/s | Broadband (eMBB) | High Capacity, Video Cache | 4K/8K UHD 홀로그램, AR/VR |
| 밀집도 : 1 million / km2 등 | Ma... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '· .', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1227, 'y': 0.019}, {'x': 0.142, 'y': 0.019}, {'x': 0.142, 'y': 0.0249}, {'x': 0.1227, 'y': 0.0249}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox... | 9 | corpus-test-8 | image | |
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제 1 장. 2분기 사이버 위협 동향
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<figcaption>
<p class="figure-type">diagram,infographic,network architecture diagram</p>
<p class="figure-description">This is... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label>', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1056, 'y': 0.0179}, {'x': 0.1382, 'y': 0.0179}, {'x': 0.1382, 'y': 0.0257}, {'x': 0.1056, 'y': 0.025... | 10 | corpus-test-9 | image | |
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<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label>', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1211, 'y': 0.0178}, {'x': 0.1658, 'y': 0.0178}, {'x': 0.1658,... | 11 | corpus-test-10 | image | |
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제 1 장. 2분기 사이버 위협 동향
<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="chec... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label>', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1049, 'y': 0.0172}, {'... | 12 | corpus-test-11 | image | |
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<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label>', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1211, 'y': 0.0178}, {'x': 0.1663, 'y': 0.0178}, {'x': 0.1663,... | 13 | corpus-test-12 | image | |
2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | D
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제 1 장. 2분기 사이버 위협 동향
<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': 'D', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1455, 'y': 0}, {'x': 0.1652, 'y': 0}, {'x': 0.1652, 'y': 0.0113}, {'x': 0.1455, 'y': 0.0113}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></labe... | 14 | corpus-test-13 | image | |
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2019_q2_cyber_threat_trends_report | ハ
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<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></l... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': 'ハ', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1458, 'y': 0.0008}, {'x': 0.166, 'y': 0.0008}, {'x': 0.166, 'y': 0.0109}, {'x': 0.1458, 'y': 0.0109}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox... | 16 | corpus-test-15 | image | |
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<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <la... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></label>', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1459, 'y': 0.0008}, {'x': 0.1645, 'y': 0.0008}, {'x': 0.1645, 'y': 0.0102}, {'x': 0.1459, 'y': 0.0102}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'm... | 18 | corpus-test-17 | image | |
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<label... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1469, 'y': 0.0012}, {'x': 0.1631, 'y': 0.0012}, {'x': 0.1631, 'y': 0.0098}, {'x': 0.1469, 'y': 0.0098}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbo... | 20 | corpus-test-19 | image | |
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<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"><... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '八', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1638, 'y': 0.0012}, {'x': 0.1819, 'y': 0.0012}, {'x': 0.1819, 'y': 0.0102}, {'x': 0.1638, 'y': 0.0102}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkb... | 21 | corpus-test-20 | image | |
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<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></label>', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1459, 'y': 0.0008}, {'x': 0.165, 'y': 0.0008}, {'x': 0.165, 'y': 0.0106}, {'x': 0.1459, 'y': 0.0106}], 'id': 0, 'page': 1}, {'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'mar... | 22 | corpus-test-21 | image | |
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<label><input type="checkbox" checke... | [{'category': 'paragraph', 'content': {'html': '', 'markdown': '<label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label> <label><input type="checkbox"></label>', 'text': ''}, 'coordinates': [{'x': 0.1049, 'y': 0.0175}, {'x': 0.1497, 'y': 0.0175}, {'x': 0.1497,... | 24 | corpus-test-23 | image |
Retrieve associated pages according to questions. This dataset, Cybersecurity, is a corpus of technical reports on cyber threat trends and security incident responses in Korea, intended for complex-document understanding tasks.
| Task category | t2i |
| Domains | Social |
| Reference | https://github.com/whybe-choi/kovidore-data-generator |
Source datasets:
You can evaluate an embedding model on this dataset using the following code:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("KoVidore2CybersecurityRetrieval")
evaluator = mteb.MTEB([task])
model = mteb.get_model(YOUR_MODEL)
evaluator.run(model)
To learn more about how to run models on mteb task check out the GitHub repository.
If you use this dataset, please cite the dataset as well as mteb, as this dataset likely includes additional processing as a part of the MMTEB Contribution.
@misc{choi2026kovidorev2,
author = {Yongbin Choi},
note = {A benchmark for evaluating Korean vision document retrieval with multi-page reasoning queries in practical domains},
title = {KoViDoRe v2: a comprehensive evaluation of vision document retrieval for enterprise use-cases},
url = {https://github.com/whybe-choi/kovidore-data-generator},
year = {2026},
}
@article{enevoldsen2025mmtebmassivemultilingualtext,
title={MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark},
author={Kenneth Enevoldsen and Isaac Chung and Imene Kerboua and Márton Kardos and Ashwin Mathur and David Stap and Jay Gala and Wissam Siblini and Dominik Krzemiński and Genta Indra Winata and Saba Sturua and Saiteja Utpala and Mathieu Ciancone and Marion Schaeffer and Gabriel Sequeira and Diganta Misra and Shreeya Dhakal and Jonathan Rystrøm and Roman Solomatin and Ömer Çağatan and Akash Kundu and Martin Bernstorff and Shitao Xiao and Akshita Sukhlecha and Bhavish Pahwa and Rafał Poświata and Kranthi Kiran GV and Shawon Ashraf and Daniel Auras and Björn Plüster and Jan Philipp Harries and Loïc Magne and Isabelle Mohr and Mariya Hendriksen and Dawei Zhu and Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef and Tom Aarsen and Jan Kostkan and Konrad Wojtasik and Taemin Lee and Marek Šuppa and Crystina Zhang and Roberta Rocca and Mohammed Hamdy and Andrianos Michail and John Yang and Manuel Faysse and Aleksei Vatolin and Nandan Thakur and Manan Dey and Dipam Vasani and Pranjal Chitale and Simone Tedeschi and Nguyen Tai and Artem Snegirev and Michael Günther and Mengzhou Xia and Weijia Shi and Xing Han Lù and Jordan Clive and Gayatri Krishnakumar and Anna Maksimova and Silvan Wehrli and Maria Tikhonova and Henil Panchal and Aleksandr Abramov and Malte Ostendorff and Zheng Liu and Simon Clematide and Lester James Miranda and Alena Fenogenova and Guangyu Song and Ruqiya Bin Safi and Wen-Ding Li and Alessia Borghini and Federico Cassano and Hongjin Su and Jimmy Lin and Howard Yen and Lasse Hansen and Sara Hooker and Chenghao Xiao and Vaibhav Adlakha and Orion Weller and Siva Reddy and Niklas Muennighoff},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13595},
year={2025},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13595},
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2502.13595},
}
@article{muennighoff2022mteb,
author = {Muennighoff, Niklas and Tazi, Nouamane and Magne, Loïc and Reimers, Nils},
title = {MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.07316},
year = {2022}
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316},
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.07316},
}
The following code contains the descriptive statistics from the task. These can also be obtained using:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("KoVidore2CybersecurityRetrieval")
desc_stats = task.metadata.descriptive_stats
{
"test": {
"num_samples": 1299,
"number_of_characters": 9254,
"documents_text_statistics": null,
"documents_image_statistics": {
"min_image_width": 2245,
"average_image_width": 2370.324347826087,
"max_image_width": 3508,
"min_image_height": 2481,
"average_image_height": 3289.8060869565215,
"max_image_height": 3580,
"unique_images": 1132
},
"queries_text_statistics": {
"total_text_length": 9254,
"min_text_length": 15,
"average_text_length": 62.10738255033557,
"max_text_length": 108,
"unique_texts": 149
},
"queries_image_statistics": null,
"relevant_docs_statistics": {
"num_relevant_docs": 409,
"min_relevant_docs_per_query": 1,
"average_relevant_docs_per_query": 2.7449664429530203,
"max_relevant_docs_per_query": 7,
"unique_relevant_docs": 316
},
"top_ranked_statistics": null
}
}
This dataset card was automatically generated using MTEB