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**Jerod Santo:** Well, it depends on where you land. If you land on a reputable source, or a reliable source...
**Adam Stacoviak:** If a link to say that you work for GitHub or Twitter is barely on page four, because of misinformation, but the truth is on page one... I mean, you've got to add one and one together, and not get 11. You've got to get one -- or you've got to get two. Sorry about that. \[laughter\]
**Jerod Santo:** Alright, that's where we end the show. One plus one equals one... I mean, come on. What is truth?
**Adam Stacoviak:** What is truth around here..? That's cool. Super-geek, real quick... I mean, a cool thing on their cache busting. You push Submit, it busted the cache on this global website, and immediately it was updated for Omaha and Austin, Texas. So that's cool.
**Jerod Santo:** Oh, yeah. Well, in 25 years they've ironed out the kinks, man.
**Bill Beutler:** It's a marvel. It is the eighth wonder of the world, absolutely.
**Jerod Santo:** Absolutely. Bill, thanks so much for telling us all about it, man. This has been awesome.
**Bill Beutler:** Thanks, guys. This was a lot of fun.
**Adam Stacoviak:** So cool. Thanks, Bill.
**Bill Beutler:** Definitely.
• The pendulum swing of interface design, from buttons to touchscreens and back to buttons
• The history of buttons, dating back to the Industrial Revolution and electrification
• The rise and fall of touchscreen mania and the current re-emergence of tactile controls
• The tension between the flexibility of software and the simplicity of physical buttons
• The importance of intuitive and accessible interfaces, particularly in driving and other activities that require focus
• The example of the Cybertruck's adaptive steering and acceleration system, which requires drivers to relearn how to drive
• The shift from physical buttons to touchscreens and minimalist interfaces
• The iPhone's impact on popular culture and design
• The concept of "button fatigue" and the psychology of pushing buttons
• The distinction between buttons, levers, and switches
• The design of user interfaces and the importance of feedback and haptics
• The history of buttons and their cultural significance
• The complexity of buttons and their affordances
• The allure and intimidation of buttons, particularly in complex systems like cockpits
• The history of button sales and the fantasy of simplicity
• The fear of unintended consequences and the importance of education
• The struggle of parenting and teaching children to understand and respect buttons
• The concept of control and power in relation to buttons and technology
• The debate over the role of buttons in modern technology, including the "button is dead" narrative
• The touchscreen's rise to prominence and potential decline
• Touchscreens' ability to mimic buttons with haptic feedback and other technologies, but still have limitations
• Accessibility issues with touchscreens, particularly for the visually impaired or in low-light situations
• The importance of tactile feedback in user experience, such as Braille or distinct button textures
• Context-specific situations where touchscreens may be less ideal, such as driving or gaming
• Comparison of user experiences with touchscreens and physical buttons in everyday life and gaming
• The brain's ability to map geography and remember locations, and how this affects user experience with interfaces.
• The preference for physical buttons and controls over digital interfaces for certain tasks, such as driving.
• The concept of "placebo buttons" and the desire for users to feel in control by interacting with physical interfaces.
• The idea that physical buttons and controls can aid in building muscle memory and user expertise.
• The trend of reversing the shift towards digital interfaces and returning to physical controls in areas such as cars and phones.
• Flashing brights at a four-way stop to trigger a sensor-controlled light
• Weight sensors in concrete at stoplights, which may cause lights to stay green in one direction
• The effectiveness of "lore" or "local wisdom" in determining when to use sensors and automation
• The trade-offs between automation, sensors, and physical buttons in various situations
• The need for standardization and best practices in designing user interfaces for safety-critical systems
• The role of legislation and regulation in influencing the design of user interfaces, such as requiring physical buttons for certain functions in vehicles.
• Discussion of the Cybertruck's touchscreen interface and how it may be confusing to some users
• Use of James Bond as a benchmark for usability, with the idea that if Bond can't use a device, it's too complicated
• Example of automatic defibrillators and how their simplicity was increased to make them easier to use
• The importance of balancing simplicity and complexity in design
• Introduction of the concept of "media hygiene" and the study of how people interact with devices in messy environments
• Discussion of the history of device protection from liquids and dust, from vinyl records to smartphones
• Examination of the cultural implications of device use, such as the acceptability of using devices in bathrooms or showers
• A movie scene is used to illustrate the dangers of electrocution from water and electronics
• Rachel Plotnick's book on media hygiene and the care of technology
• The topic of right to repair and the difficulty of repairing modern devices
• The stigma around liquids and electronics, and how it affects consumers
• The concept of "media hygiene" and its importance in everyday life
• Planned obsolescence and the ease of making devices obsolete
• The intersection of technology and human behavior, including eating and drinking near devices
• The importance of understanding the consequences of neglecting device care
• Problem with microwave buttons no longer functioning
• Obsolescence of microwave due to single point of failure
• Discussion of energy drinks and gaming culture
• Research on energy drinks and their health implications
• Marketing strategies of energy drink companies, including Red Bull
• Comparison of energy drinks to sports drinks like Gatorade
• Sponsorships and influencer marketing in the energy drink industry
• Red Bull's marketing and branding efforts, transcending from a drink company to a media company and sponsor of extreme sports
• Comparison to Apple, where the company's identity has shifted beyond its original product
• Discussion of energy drinks and their appeal to gamers, despite potential health concerns
• The "button" metaphor, relating the experience of gaming to physical activity and the idea of pushing a button
• A humorous example of a Hummer commercial that uses the "push the button" theme
• A suggestion for a commemorative cleaner to be sold alongside Rachel Plotnick's book
• Plotnick's upcoming Twitch event on January 31st to discuss energy drinks and related research
**Jerod Santo:** So we're here with Rachel Plotnick, an associate professor of cinema and media studies. Don't get us talking about movies...
**Adam Stacoviak:** Oh, my gosh...
**Jerod Santo:** ...at Indiana University, and the author of a book called "Power Button: A History of Pleasure, Panic, and the Politics of Pushing." Rachel, we are here to talk buttons with you. Welcome!
**Rachel Plotnick:** Thank you so much for having me.
**Jerod Santo:** Happy to have you. I've found you by way of an IEEE Spectrum article about touchscreens. They're going out. Tactile controls are coming back. The re-buttonization expertise of yours is in demand... How did we get here? It was like, buttons were all we had, and then we went no buttons, and now it's like...
**Rachel Plotnick:** Yeah, I think there's kind of these interesting pendulum swings that happen with these different interfaces where something becomes really en vogue for a while, then not so much, then again... And the button is really a very old and enduring technology. The touchscreen is obviously much newer... Fo...
**Jerod Santo:** I think that pendulum swing that you're describing finds its way into all kinds of stuff that we do. And it's like "New technology, or new shiny thing - let's use it everywhere. Let's throw out the old, and let's only do the new. It's going to fix everything." And then we go that route a little while, ...
**Rachel Plotnick:** Yeah, I'm going to dial that history down to just, you know, 60 seconds.
**Jerod Santo:** \[laughs\] Thank you.