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RG-50.030.0001
100
So, you decided to get out of the city. Did you know people there? Were you neighbors still there?
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RG-50.030.0001
101
In which city?
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RG-50.030.0001
102
The little city?
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RG-50.030.0001
103
The people were still there, all of them, except those who were hurt by the bombs or those who escaped to Warsaw. There were more or less -- 1t was right after the war and they did not suffer too much. We suffered because we were orphans.
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RG-50.030.0001
104
Nobody tried to take care of you?
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RG-50.030.0001
105
It was just everyone for himself.
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RG-50.030.0001
106
So what did you all do?
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RG-50.030.0001
107
We got together the first night, my brothers and sisters, went back to Warsaw, and me and my little brother were left behind we could sell anything we had, and then we went to Warsaw. We all went to Warsaw. And of course, there was no place to be. It was already around December. Somehow my older brother, who was a uni...
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RG-50.030.0001
108
But this is the same --
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RG-50.030.0001
109
I don't know. I knew him by the name of Adolf, because eventually I worked with him in Ghetto. They took us over across to place, at that time, and they separated my two little sisters. Also, at the place there was a place for girls and me and my younger brother over there. My older brother suffered probably , and I d...
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RG-50.030.0001
110
So, you went to the orphanage you think about December of '39?
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RG-50.030.0001
111
It was close to January already. I'm sorry the exact dates I just don't know. I could know if I could concentrate.
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RG-50.030.0001
112
What was the orphanage like?
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RG-50.030.0001
113
It was a big building, many children over there. It was an organized like a government inside the orphanage. Each one had his own supposed to do certain things. They had a court, they had people older people who took care of the youngsters to see that they washed, they cleaned. There were people who had to make up the...
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RG-50.030.0001
114
Did they assign you certain jobs or duties?
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RG-50.030.0001
115
We used to get jobs, you know, cleaning dishes. Cleaning . I don't remember. I don't recall, but I tried to get away from it because I was not used to the kids and them with the routines. To me it wasn't routine. It was like punishment.
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RG-50.030.0001
116
Now, did you get punished by the court?
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RG-50.030.0001
117
I was not punished, in fact they made me part of the court, because I was an older boy. Somehow, the regimentation down there, I wasn't too respected because I was fresh one, you know. But they tried to give me some responsibilities.
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RG-50.030.0001
118
How many people were in the court?
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RG-50.030.0001
119
I really can't recall, but I would say it was over a hundred.
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RG-50.030.0001
120
Do you remember liking any of the staff or any relationships with them?
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RG-50.030.0001
121
Oh yes, with the older ones. We had beds of 30 to 40 in a room, and we had to have friends at night. We tried to get into mischief. I know now, kids are mischievous. On the signal to go to sleep, we pretended we were going to sleep, but we used to talk a lot. I had friends.
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RG-50.030.0001
122
What did you talk about?
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RG-50.030.0001
123
Well, let me tell you, mostly child talk, because these children down there, they were raised differently. I was born, I mean I was raised and I spoke Yiddish quite a bit, but they spoke Polish only. Their vision of life was different because he taught them he really taught them discipline. They were schooled and scho...
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RG-50.030.0001
124
Were you going to school at that time?
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RG-50.030.0001
125
Well, from what I know now, officially we're not supposed to have schooling. There was no schooling any more, no school outside, but inside there were certain people who worked there for years and they were teachers and they gave us lesson. I wouldn't say that I attended them, but I did.
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RG-50.030.0001
126
What do you remember about the orphanage that you appreciated?
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RG-50.030.0001
127
First of all the food. I appreciated the food because three times a day we were eating. It was just the beginning of the war. America was not at war then and they used to ship from Switzerland or from other areas, they used to ship food, so there was no scarcity of food, but I appreciated that because between the time...
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RG-50.030.0001
128
Any other good memories about the orphanage?
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RG-50.030.0001
129
Yes, I had very good memories, very good memories, but I was bitter because I couldn't-- I think I was bitter because I couldn't imagine that I'll ever be an orphan at one time. I used to know orphans, you know either the father died, or the mother died and they put them in, but all of a sudden I had both gone, and wh...
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RG-50.030.0001
130
Did you spend time with your sisters and brother in the orphanage?
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RG-50.030.0001
131
I used to see him not very often because all of a sudden, my older sister was very knowledgeable -- my younger sister. But the rest of them, they were very young, they got involved in playing, involved in the procedure of the place. They had little girlfriends. That's it.
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RG-50.030.0001
132
So anything else you can remember about the original orphanage, the way it was run, the teachers, the cultural activities?
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RG-50.030.0001
133
I already told you it was run like a government. This guy, I didn't see him very often I want you to know, but whenever I seen him, he was very lenient man. He if a kid was sick he would go by and pat him. He was very good, because I remember he even used to take out the excrement in the morning. He got up very early....
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RG-50.030.0001
134
Any other memories of ?
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RG-50.030.0001
135
Other than seeing them go out, we were waiting for him a lot of times. He was busy almost every day, going out and arranging for help. This orphanage was very organized. It was, I think at that time, it was even run by the Polish, by the city, but there were many, many orphanages at that time in Warsaw. I am going to ...
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RG-50.030.0001
136
Do you remember any of the in particular, Stephan?
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RG-50.030.0001
137
Stephan, yes I saw her once in a while. An elderly lady who was very nice. That's all I know, and I used to ask her how my little sisters are. She said don't worry about them. They are fine. I used to come in and she's show me the little children were dancing. I think my little one forgot all about my parents. She was...
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RG-50.030.0001
138
How long were you in the orphanage?
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RG-50.030.0001
139
The best that I can recall I would say almost two months.
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RG-50.030.0001
140
Then what happened?
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RG-50.030.0001
141
Then he organized, we must have organized it before, there was a place somewhere in Warsaw, in the Jewish district and they called that -- they took all the older boys down there all the freshly orphans which they took in, boys only, and they organized what they called a House of Boys, under their supervision, but the...
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RG-50.030.0001
142
What was the name of the Professor?
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RG-50.030.0001
143
From what I remember, I did not remember, but my friend told me it was
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RG-50.030.0001
144
How many boys were at this House of Boys?
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RG-50.030.0001
145
Eventually they took a lot of boys off the street, too, and I would think I would say between 70, around there, 80. My little brother could have stayed with him, but he didn't want to stay. He wanted to go with me. We were both there
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RG-50.030.0001
146
What was different from this orphanage from the other orphanage?
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RG-50.030.0001
147
It was completely different. The task of this place was we should be more or less responsible even economically for everything. They used to send children like to barbers where they cleaned up. They used to send people to shoemakers they should help. They used to send people out, the little older boys, because they we...
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RG-50.030.0001
148
What kind of work did you do?
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RG-50.030.0001
149
I did all kinds of jobs. My first job was I worked with very responsible people who were directing the food distribution for all orphanages in Warsaw.
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RG-50.030.0001
150
Were these Jewish people.
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RG-50.030.0001
151
Jewish people, only in the Jewish district. I can't tell you when it happened, but I can tell you what happened, because we at that point, a Ghetto, I mean were all together. Jews were separated, not completely yet, but they were separated. And we used to go out to all kinds of work. I worked with this -- he liked me ...
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RG-50.030.0001
152
Do you want to tell me about your other jobs?
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RG-50.030.0001
153
You keep asking me because the last job was the job where I could not come back to the orphanage anymore.
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RG-50.030.0001
154
So, let's talk more about the orphanage. So, you remember, this orphanage were you accepted a little more or were you still --?
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RG-50.030.0001
155
It was more responsible. We were older kids. We were reading newspapers. And I want you to know, it went like a university. In this orphanage you had the biggest I would say doctors, the Germans as a rule tried to kill whether they were Poles or Jews all the intelligent, all the professors, doctors and colleges, all o...
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RG-50.030.0001
156
You appreciated this?
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RG-50.030.0001
157
Very much. I wouldn't miss those things. I couldn't understand you know, I used to go to public school and I didn't finish, so I couldn't understand how nicely the interpreter was.
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RG-50.030.0001
158
Do you remember what street this orphanages was on?
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RG-50.030.0001
159
Yes 1t was on Gesha 6.
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RG-50.030.0001
160
Do you remember any particular professors who were here that you remember their names?
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RG-50.030.0001
161
Those who were officially -- there was like people who worked there and they were also very educated people because they tried to -- you had to a lot of influence to get off the street of Warsaw and work in orphanages. But at that same time they had to have a certain amount of education.
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RG-50.030.0001
162
I was just asking for the record were there any younger leaders or professors there that you can remember their names?
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RG-50.030.0001
163
I really cannot recall names, but I know some of them didn't even give their real names because they were hiding. They didn't want to be killed by the Gestapo.
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RG-50.030.0001
164
In the orphanages, either of them, did you observe the Sabbath and the Jewish holidays?
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RG-50.030.0001
165
Why certainly, definitely. We were all Jewish kids and there was a chief rabbi down there.
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RG-50.030.0001
166
Friday evening there were special ceremony.
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RG-50.030.0001
167
It was special. We maybe had a little more bread and we were singing the songs.
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RG-50.030.0001
168
You rested on Saturday?
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RG-50.030.0001
169
Not all of us. Those who had to work, and even some of them worked with the Germans outside the area and they had to go.
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RG-50.030.0001
170
What was involved with in this orphanage. Did he come by?
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RG-50.030.0001
171
He supervised and he came by I would say very often. He would stop by and check with the and he would recognize us. He would check to see with they guys who were running it. He felt that this was his responsibility, because a lot of them other than me they were also his kids who were brought up by him.
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RG-50.030.0001
172
How long did you stay at the House for Boys?
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RG-50.030.0001
173
I would say about a year and a half.
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RG-50.030.0001
174
Your brother also?
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RG-50.030.0001
175
My little brother, too.
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RG-50.030.0001
176
Did you make good friends in this orphanage?
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RG-50.030.0001
177
Oh yes. In fact, they used to bring new ones from the area, very nice educated kids, those who were qualified they brought into work.
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RG-50.030.0001
178
Was there an effort, now that the war was on and everybody's motives were changed so much, that they let in a lot more people who's orphanages --
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RG-50.030.0001
179
I don't know anything about before the war, but I'll tell you they did not they couldn't get into our place because the rooms, the area was very small and we had 30 40 people in a room. I don't think they could absorb more but they did not have a place for them.
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RG-50.030.0001
180
Did you notice maybe that wanted to protect everyone who needed protection at the time so he opened more places?
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RG-50.030.0001
181
I have heard at that time that he was very influential even with the city who was catholic, but they respected him and I think he did open a few more somewhere. If he didn't open officially, he took them off the streets.
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RG-50.030.0001
182
I've heard some crazy stories about , he's a character.
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RG-50.030.0001
183
Well, I would compare him to a hippie, I want you to know. He never dressed, you know, and he wasn't really sophisticated. He was just like a hippie.
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RG-50.030.0001
184
He seemed to be able to help people, get money and really accomplished something incredible.
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RG-50.030.0001
185
What they tried to do 1n this orphanage, they tried to make human beings out of us under the worst circumstances because inside we were like an island. Outside it was hell, a real hell. People were dying of starvation and even in the beginning they were dying of starvation, people some of their parents left for Russia...
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RG-50.030.0001
186
You said that you had other jobs?
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RG-50.030.0001
187
Yes, and this was my downfall. I had other jobs where they used to send me I guess what happened is I wasn't strong enough to pull the buggy so they sent me they had other jobs, to send me to people in factories where they were making clothes. But my last job, that was my downfall. That was my downfall. They sent me t...
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RG-50.030.0001
188
Had you changed your name for the work card?
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RG-50.030.0001
189
Why certainly, at that time my name was , with a W. I figured I can't keep my real name. I had to have a Polish name, a Christian Name, and they used to call me , So I didn't know what to do. Where do you go? Finally, they were asking, I went to another village. I already had a few dollars. The foreman gave me money. ...
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RG-50.030.0001
190
When we stopped, you were telling me about the priest who sort of recognized you but didn't acknowledge you.
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RG-50.030.0001
191
He was a very nice man. He never bothered me. I think he recognized me and I did some chores for him so I didn't have to go back to confessions. On a whole he was a heck of a nice man, because I used to go every other Sunday to him. And I worked on a farm, and I did anything people had to do on a farm and of course, s...
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RG-50.030.0001
192
Who and why were they shooting in the village?
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RG-50.030.0001
193
What I'm trying to tell you is they had some kind --from what I know now, I didn't know then, there was a provocation, the underground, the Polish underground probably robbed or took a lot of food out of the trains which went to the front. So they brought some kind of punishment, a company of Ukrainian all kinds of re...
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RG-50.030.0001
194
What was the name of the village where the Jewish Ghetto was?
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RG-50.030.0001
195
It's called Garbutka.
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RG-50.030.0001
196
Did you have any sense when this was?
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RG-50.030.0001
197
It was somewhere around either July or August 1942. At that time, we heard, because I related that that they were killing older Jews, or killing all the Jews in Warsaw. That's how I remember that. Anyhow, that's was the event, and that's why I told you off camera about this girl, that woman who saved me is in Montreal...
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RG-50.030.0001
198
The woman in the basement?
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RG-50.030.0001
199
The woman who helped me get into the basement. She had another sister who did not want me to get in there because they wanted to save their father. Anyhow I got out of this mayhem and I went to work for another -- I think 1t was again a smaller little farmer. I was afraid to go back. Eventually I went back to the camp...
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