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Context: Matte solder is usually fused to provide a better bonding surface or stripped to bare copper. Treatments, such as benzimidazolethiol, prevent surface oxidation of bare copper. The places to which components will be mounted are typically plated, because untreated bare copper oxidizes quickly, and therefore is n... | tin-lead | "4NoT7Yb1TFqQd1QLScklgw==" |
Context: To encourage further discovery, researchers and policymakers are promoting new economic models of vaccine development, including prizes, tax incentives, and advance market commitments. A number of groups, including the Stop TB Partnership, the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, and the Aeras Global... | prizes | "JG1JL1WwQEimtltsocbRaQ==" |
Context: New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to requir... | Catskill Mountains | "DJPmuVbsTm+UCKcuoBqVxg==" |
Context: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the n... | shelter, security, worship | "nmQMMg94TeaJ+F2tPEaXMA==" |
Context: Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide compared to pork at 38%. Sixteen billion birds are raised annually for consumption, more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units. Global broiler meat produc... | the European Union supply chain model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin | "YPdvmN9DRWiQJlIRie5+Zw==" |
Context: The term "Immersive app" had been used internally by Microsoft developers to refer to the apps prior to the first official presentation of Windows 8, after which they were referred to as "Metro-style apps" in reference to the Metro design language. The term was phased out in August 2012; a Microsoft spokespers... | vice president of Microsoft's development software division | "95Zk9m79SAqqHQ6cQdY5Pw==" |
Context: The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jeru... | Latin Empire of Constantinople | "1pwc2QqIT6KR+BNxMbM3og==" |
Context: Shell sold 9.5% of its 23.1% stake in Woodside Petroleum in June 2014 and advised that it had reached an agreement for Woodside to buy back 9.5% of its shares at a later stage. Shell became a major shareholder in Woodside after a 2001 takeover attempt was blocked by then federal Treasurer Peter Costello and th... | 2001 | "0OdwLBSCSb+R+e4x3N8n1g==" |
Context: Idol Gives Back is a special charity event started in season six featuring performances by celebrities and various fund-raising initiatives. This event was also held in seasons seven and nine and has raised nearly $185 million in total.
Question: When was the first Idol Gives Back?
Answer: | season six | "dkxqXkYQQpOgyN9wPTtfDQ==" |
Context: The immediate predecessors of MP3 were "Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain" (OCF), and Perceptual Transform Coding (PXFM). These two codecs, along with block-switching contributions from Thomson-Brandt, were merged into a codec called ASPEC, which was submitted to MPEG, and which won the quality competitio... | Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain | "KuExXsCATAWEyeNGjsUJjw==" |
Context: The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was resto... | a month | "D3jT/Z8CRxqgjyGTY9AoyA==" |
Context: Nanjing is an important railway hub in eastern China. It serves as rail junction for the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) (which is itself composed of the old Jinpu and Huning Railways), Nanjing–Tongling Railway (Ningtong), Nanjing–Qidong (Ningqi), and the Nanjing-Xian (Ningxi) which encompasses the Hefei–Nanjing Rai... | eastern China | "VVYTpbfwQg6N3B5dtGoTNw==" |
Context: Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North ... | 1670 | "tTq4lmuNTIadvc3lWRSZiw==" |
Context: Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on imm... | The U.S. Green Building Council | "2wGkp7FVQ6KOoyWhJ7u0/w==" |
Context: He reminded the council fathers that only a few years earlier Pope Pius XII had issued the encyclical Mystici corporis about the mystical body of Christ. He asked them not to repeat or create new dogmatic definitions but to explain in simple words how the Church sees itself. He thanked the representatives of o... | simple | "5gi0gGj9S2S22sV1bymhOQ==" |
Context: Within the Luftwaffe, there was a more muted view of strategic bombing. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but... | terror bombing | "eo6RjXu5S0mxpK5zKVeFwg==" |
Context: Public and private schools in Hyderabad are governed by the Central Board of Secondary Education and follow a "10+2+3" plan. About two-thirds of pupils attend privately run institutions. Languages of instruction include English, Hindi, Telugu and Urdu. Depending on the institution, students are required to sit... | English, Hindi, Telugu and Urdu | "uR8o8hhKTOGoDDrnQEDtvA==" |
Context: Estonia's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and individual rights to privacy of belief and religion. According to the Dentsu Communication Institute Inc, Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with 75.7% of the population claiming to be irreligi... | separation of church and state | "fCuXokI8Qhiq+7kx/i9DWA==" |
Context: Zhejiang benefited less from central government investment than some other provinces due to its lack of natural resources, a location vulnerable to potential flooding from the sea, and an economic base at the national average. Zhejiang, however, has been an epicenter of capitalist development in China, and has... | flooding | "kneTMN5jSIKeuR9etnh1zg==" |
Context: Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are goin... | dedicated videoconferencing units | "23CTf3mGTLmUTBjjC6xyYQ==" |
Context: From the 1990s onwards, the predominant approach to constructing phylogenies for living plants has been molecular phylogenetics, which uses molecular characters, particularly DNA sequences, rather than morphological characters like the presence or absence of spines and areoles. The difference is that the genet... | morphological characters | "iM6u02+DR9yxy71GbGJNMA==" |
Context: To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and sec... | time and space | "N9F7XQrbSZi9e2hfOLnvYA==" |
Context: United States of America: The torch relay's North American leg occurred in San Francisco, California on April 9. On the day of the relay officials diverted the torch run to an unannounced route. The start was at McCovey Cove, where Norman Bellingham of the U.S. Olympic Committee gave the torch to the first tor... | Justin Herman Plaza | "z9wyF93USV28HxOgt6kUTA==" |
Context: Most Israelis are drafted into the military at the age of 18. Men serve two years and eight months and women two years. Following mandatory service, Israeli men join the reserve forces and usually do up to several weeks of reserve duty every year until their forties. Most women are exempt from reserve duty. Ar... | Arab citizens | "OkWiMXCURs26X4mKbQP8dA==" |
Context: The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. The system is used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their recor... | address limitations inherent in UCR data | "ynPd6ULbQt6RNHDKfCmHFA==" |
Context: During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods... | 1642 | "nomSnsuSSu6Rpbmwvrb9sQ==" |
Context: Many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles were located in northern Europe, with the most renowned being the universities of Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh. These universities, especially Edinburgh, produced professors whose ideas had a s... | Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh | "YEzf/nRnS2uoqe8Jh+MFWA==" |
Context: The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.
Question: What was the Anglo-Saxon pup called?
Answer: | alehouse | "/X8W7XfXQASzjfJrlKnpYw==" |
Context: The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era. Born on Corsica as the French invaded, and dying suspiciously on the tiny British Island of St. Helena, this brilliant commander, controlled a French Empire that, at its height, ruled a large portion of Europe dire... | Paris | "nCui1nYKS5K+0O7h9U+5tw==" |
Context: In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new cons... | January 2002 | "wbS2VWhRRjqQREkdgN9nRQ==" |
Context: After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000. The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following ... | Ike | "UVr5abX7Rm6sKiHyCRPrUg==" |
Context: A number of medications are being studied for multi drug resistant tuberculosis including: bedaquiline and delamanid. Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012. The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results o... | five times | "INZ1DZKkRWCiErcuD9h8hA==" |
Context: In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a br... | a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified | "KUlB41l8Q3GblYUpZPZvIw==" |
Context: The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian... | Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries | "6DMdfoO9Q3CXN6A29g5kQw==" |
Context: Many ancient civilizations alloyed metals for purely aesthetic purposes. In ancient Egypt and Mycenae, gold was often alloyed with copper to produce red-gold, or iron to produce a bright burgundy-gold. Gold was often found alloyed with silver or other metals to produce various types of colored gold. These meta... | purely aesthetic purposes | "wLWBd4hET2+7aMD+QO+7zg==" |
Context: The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed]
Question: Which countries took part in the Northern Crusades?
Answer: | Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia | "M5g4ydjNR8u4JsM0WPP9Xw==" |
Context: The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England.
Question: Who was The Times first correspondent with an army?
Answer: | W. H. Russell | "wlb/EenrSFa8+3cawohZEA==" |
Context: Tito also developed warm relations with Burma under U Nu, travelling to the country in 1955 and again in 1959, though he didn't receive the same treatment in 1959 from the new leader, Ne Win.
Question: Who succeeded U Nu in Burma?
Answer: | Ne Win | "v0BkkD8RSGmQRL6tPyEwjw==" |
Context: The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units. The data being passed can be considered as "message packets" and the range or data types can be checked, for data gen... | Component interface testing | "jr7wC7plRfWyrGYOAPD7kw==" |
Context: William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean... | animal electricity | "smAZVWVBQ1S/0cGJ87VKBg==" |
Context: In a chapter of The Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, von Neumann deeply analyzed the so-called measurement problem. He concluded that the entire physical universe could be made subject to the universal wave function. Since something "outside the calculation" was needed to collapse the wave functi... | consciousness of the experimenter | "q3JrhVfQRSWBkJjxBt4lhg==" |
Context: Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape (Delaware) Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. The Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western... | Oklahoma | "aWz2tkSNSqOlCIzvff/3QA==" |
Context: The World Bank collects a range of data on corruption, including survey responses from over 100,000 firms worldwide and a set of indicators of governance and institutional quality. Moreover, one of the six dimensions of governance measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators is Control of Corruption, which ... | over 100,000 | "fWXyfQGRTjuNPhccJ5wk2w==" |
Context: During the later stages of World War II, the entire Cold War, and to a lesser extent afterwards, uranium-235 has been used as the fissile explosive material to produce nuclear weapons. Initially, two major types of fission bombs were built: a relatively simple device that uses uranium-235 and a more complicate... | 238 | "aPDHWprpQzeF49cKG4Ey7g==" |
Context: In 2012, the government of St. Helena funded the creation of the St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015. Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries, and extending se... | with human rights queries | "YkZUpxjbQgW8kFAAps1nHA==" |
Context: Plants synthesize a number of unique polymers like the polysaccharide molecules cellulose, pectin and xyloglucan from which the land plant cell wall is constructed. Vascular land plants make lignin, a polymer used to strengthen the secondary cell walls of xylem tracheids and vessels to keep them from collapsin... | water stress | "j8FTEmIsRg66Z+dBO5Q6rw==" |
Context: By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed speci... | over 10,000 | "qja9GY0aQxuTv7TgLOIsRw==" |
Context: Unicode has become the dominant scheme for internal processing and storage of text. Although a great deal of text is still stored in legacy encodings, Unicode is used almost exclusively for building new information processing systems. Early adopters tended to use UCS-2 (the fixed-width two-byte precursor to UT... | Unicode | "Z49xxWA1QSWHL3S1diI6Tw==" |
Context: In the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898. Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence. The emperor issued a series of edicts and plans were made to reorganize the bureaucracy, restructure the school system, and ... | Hundred Days' Reform of 1898 | "0BOs5QqqSlOy3fl6XTRN2g==" |
Context: In a book called Science Versus Crime, Houck writes that Popper's falsificationism can be questioned logically: it is not clear how Popper would deal with a statement like "for every metal, there is a temperature at which it will melt." The hypothesis cannot be falsified by any possible observation, for there ... | Science Versus Crime | "J7h1q2vKTum+3aPHrREAuQ==" |
Context: The Café Procope was established in Paris in 1686; by the 1720s there were around 400 cafés in the city. The Café Procope in particular became a center of Enlightenment, welcoming such celebrities as Voltaire and Rousseau. The Café Procope was where Diderot and D'Alembert decided to create the Encyclopédie. Th... | Paris | "kjWHtUICTIO2n3Tdmv2Htw==" |
Context: The dissolution of the Soviet Union was formally enacted on December 26, 1991, as a result of the declaration no. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independ... | Boris Yeltsin | "SC5Pno2EQZ+eM1jNoZ/V7Q==" |
Context: As with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastructure o... | religion | "H/wQcDNUQKWdj1DDgoYF1A==" |
Context: The economy began to recover in the early 1960s, and the city experienced explosive population growth through immigration spurred by the jobs created with the implementation of major urban projects and infrastructure improvements. With the advent of democracy in Spain, the ancient kingdom of Valencia was estab... | 24 February | "18R4B5zhSxS+lbwldz7hzQ==" |
Context: For various reasons, the new firm operated as a dual-listed company, whereby the merging companies maintained their legal existence, but operated as a single-unit partnership for business purposes. The terms of the merger gave 60 percent ownership of the new group to the Dutch arm and 40 percent to the British... | 40 | "TMvKOKlJTZaTT2gbtUHTJQ==" |
Context: Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death... | 1957 | "bvzfq9hlRUa4iV8TFf3qYw==" |
Context: Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the House of Commons at the expense of the House of Lords and the monarch. In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained "the right to... | Reforms of the voting system | "qL/PXfd1TXu4obJeMGBWKw==" |
Context: The last centuries of philosophy have seen vigorous questions regarding the arguments for God's existence raised by such philosophers as Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew, although Kant held that the argument from morality was valid. The theist response has been either to contend, as does Alvin Plantin... | Pascal | "9mXx2VfmTBS54Qa9radxlA==" |
Context: The D-Day Normandy landings on June 6, 1944, were costly but successful. A month later, the invasion of Southern France took place, and control of forces in the southern invasion passed from the AFHQ to the SHAEF. Many prematurely considered that victory in Europe would come by summer's end—however the Germans... | May 8, 1945 | "zxLRWQWDQLStehc+3LfFIA==" |
Context: Recently, the Air Force refined its understanding of the core duties and responsibilities it performs as a Military Service Branch, streamlining what previously were six distinctive capabilities and seventeen operational functions into twelve core functions to be used across the doctrine, organization, trainin... | contribute to national security | "KWRQDvJfTaqOyr0LtAgMZg==" |
Context: The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at th... | printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar | "I0ibjNy6Stiw5+oQ6ti90w==" |
Context: Mountains of the Long Range in Newfoundland reach heights of nearly 3,000 ft (900 m). In the Chic-Choc and Notre Dame mountain ranges in Quebec, the higher summits rise to about 4,000 ft (1,200 m) elevation. Isolated peaks and small ranges in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft (300 to 80... | vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft | "lnRNibjrSx24D01US5RGHg==" |
Context: Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rou... | Adam Lambert | "2VEmfXwbQICJ5/72bn8q3g==" |
Context: Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including thos... | 5,400 | "40rrW61NR+mPGHvnMEXWaw==" |
Context: A standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or "standard language") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the "correct" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictionaries, and... | English | "VfpR70njRNOeb3nkCKyadA==" |
Context: As the 20th century came to a close, Gaddafi increasingly rejected Arab nationalism, frustrated by the failure of his Pan-Arab ideals; instead he turned to Pan-Africanism, emphasising Libya's African identity. From 1997 to 2000, Libya initiated cooperative agreements or bilateral aid arrangements with 10 Afric... | Algiers | "3H4ey8xNQsa7g/HtDAk3Ug==" |
Context: In the 5th-century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art. The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia was decorated with mosaics of high artistic quality in 425–430. The vaults of the small, cross-shaped structure are clad with mosaics on blue background. The central ... | the church of San Giovanni Evangelista | "mxYuy8nqQt2FA4pbv+UGKA==" |
Context: Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the "Marquis of Granby". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their reti... | John Manners, Marquess of Granby | "AhLwSBEjSt+6zegeOc/5LA==" |
Context: In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating... | 1871 | "fjg60Qc9Rh2YGjkXOGCJig==" |
Context: The structure of Bern's city centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage Site. Perhaps its most famous sight is the Zytglogge (Bernese German for "Time Bell"), an elaborate medieval clock tower with moving puppets. It also has an impressive 15th century Gothic cath... | Münster | "HA+i1jdzTv+5OZntDmyuOA==" |
Context: Legislatures have reduced infringement by narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing. Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitations and exceptions, nations have enacted compulsory licensing laws applying specifically to digital works and uses. For exam... | narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing | "tFxtJsowSX22nOaMqjUkew==" |
Context: Annelids are members of the protostomes, one of the two major superphyla of bilaterian animals – the other is the deuterostomes, which includes vertebrates. Within the protostomes, annelids used to be grouped with arthropods under the super-group Articulata ("jointed animals"), as segmentation is obvious in mo... | fan-like feeding structures | "Km25ugKEQRSqRt+6JNGnOA==" |
Context: The United States provides Egypt with annual military assistance, which in 2015 amounted to US$1.3 billion. In 1989, Egypt was designated as a major non-NATO ally of the United States. Nevertheless, ties between the two countries have partially soured since the July 2013 military coup that deposed Islamist pre... | Egypt's violent crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters | "micAwjQCSkOefazClTL6Ow==" |
Context: The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescue service for Greater London. It is run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and is the third largest fire service in the world. National Health Service ambulance services are provided by the London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust, the lar... | Teddington Lock to the sea | "Gi2crMBUQzqfO14GtpDLeQ==" |
Context: The capital of Danish Estonia (Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland) was Reval (Tallinn), founded at the place of Lyndanisse after the invasion of 1219. The Danes built the fortress of Castrum Danorum at Toompea Hill. Estonians still call their capital "Tallinn", which according to legend derives from Taani linna (mea... | the fortress of Castrum Danorum | "ayeGqTu+RR6LQpnhVExO8A==" |
Context: Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) and almost always in the form of snow, which accumulates and forms a giant ic... | South Pole | "weMlIGMuROGseQ9WZGs15Q==" |
Context: As early as 1794, Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose suggested its closure as a penal settlement, as it was too remote and difficult for shipping and too costly to maintain. The first group of people left in February 1805, and by 1808 only about 200 remained, forming a small settlement until ... | to slaughter stock and destroy all buildings | "myUNo/14RdqZkI0rtjxtUw==" |
Context: Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a ... | 1849 | "sORbaK+0SNuvwo8Llz+a1A==" |
Context: IN and OUT tokens contain a seven-bit device number and four-bit function number (for multifunction devices) and command the device to transmit DATAx packets, or receive the following DATAx packets, respectively. An IN token expects a response from a device. The response may be a NAK or STALL response, or a DA... | a seven-bit device number and four-bit function number | "x1XWV5bxS4m2l8ZI+MeDag==" |
Context: In the groups Z/nZ introduced above, the element 1 is primitive, so these groups are cyclic. Indeed, each element is expressible as a sum all of whose terms are 1. Any cyclic group with n elements is isomorphic to this group. A second example for cyclic groups is the group of n-th complex roots of unity, given... | the group of n-th complex roots of unity | "WzoaslR+Ru+l+FvGBKXSCQ==" |
Context: In 1985, Spielberg released The Color Purple, an adaptation of Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name, about a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America. Starring Whoopi Goldberg and future talk-show superstar Oprah Winfrey, the film was a box office sma... | proclaimed it the best film of the year and later entered it into his Great Films archive | "LlbbCm0GQ/q+0PrU2HsWCw==" |
Context: Dumbwaiters are small freight elevators that are intended to carry food, books or other small freight loads rather than passengers. They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors. they usually do not have the same safety features found in passenger elevators, like various ropes for redundancy. they have ... | They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors | "IpCq6L1qTqu2qr/MXX2vjQ==" |
Context: New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of Ne... | Long Island | "vL9VeD/uSsKn8HKrtVVQHA==" |
Context: The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the EU Copyright Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sanctioning making copies without authorization, as long as they are for personal, noncommerical use. The Copyright Directive was n... | EU Copyright Directive of 2001 | "fGzKBgGfTMWANUhvhKN7ZQ==" |
Context: In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers "Lebanese" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing it from ... | Arabic | "4mYFi5OtSBqMjdf6J9gaxw==" |
Context: Rookie Starlin Castro debuted in early May (2010) as the starting shortstop. However, the club played poorly in the early season, finding themselves 10 games under .500 at the end of June. In addition, long-time ace Carlos Zambrano was pulled from a game against the White Sox on June 25 after a tirade and shov... | Starlin Castro | "WfpJgR4eSnOqGw8qHpHPCA==" |
Context: Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Un... | CIS | "R9zNqzjYRGy3iCfI9dczyA==" |
Context: Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe and later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls, professional wrestling grew into a standalone genre of entertainment with many diverse variations in cultures around the globe, and is now conside... | later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls | "tCRXzO7pTZyiQwTOMDcZew==" |
Context: Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American an... | Melungeons, | "P91qMJwSQDKCl/h0/C+MCA==" |
Context: In the 11th century, a turbulent period occurred in the history of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Indian Chola navy crossed the ocean and attacked the Srivijaya kingdom of Sangrama Vijayatungavarman in Kadaram (Kedah), the capital of the powerful maritime kingdom was sacked and the king was taken captive. Along ... | Sangrama Vijayatungavarman | "qakQufQCREinaA2k9x5zQw==" |
Context: Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be... | summer | "0aBRxbVIRiSkVQCKiZ58mA==" |
Context: Students from the Imperial University organized a widespread student protest against the eunuchs of Emperor Huan's court. Huan further alienated the bureaucracy when he initiated grandiose construction projects and hosted thousands of concubines in his harem at a time of economic crisis. Palace eunuchs impriso... | Palace eunuchs | "pCFwRT9UShyeMolnIfhNSg==" |
Context: The nature of government under the Angevin monarchs was ill-defined and uncertain. John's predecessors had ruled using the principle of vis et voluntas, or "force and will", taking executive and sometimes arbitrary decisions, often justified on the basis that a king was above the law. Both Henry II and Richard... | 12th century | "eY6/0YWjT1+5XrJG7F0fnQ==" |
Context: Many bird species migrate to take advantage of global differences of seasonal temperatures, therefore optimising availability of food sources and breeding habitat. These migrations vary among the different groups. Many landbirds, shorebirds, and waterbirds undertake annual long distance migrations, usually tri... | Before migration | "03wnrBnySvGNBCB+0dsIAA==" |
Context: Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were dist... | Constantinople | "2MU73KJXQaGi8Dt0FNpxYg==" |
Context: In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of di... | a suburbicarian see | "+9aH0pPkSlWoJ/b/FHJApA==" |
Context: Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and praj... | Mahayana | "Ev2hUyYETk+LKXThOHc3Eg==" |
Context: Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, ... | the battleship Bismarck | "mFVbosT/TtG4HBQpPKB9Zg==" |
Context: The Procession, held at sundown, consists of a non-motorized parade through downtown Tucson featuring many floats, sculptures, and memorials, in which the community is encouraged to participate. The parade is followed by performances on an outdoor stage, culminating in the burning of an urn in which written pr... | non-motorized | "53G1QgQVTwiWymDS90WPyw==" |
Context: The life cycles of insects vary but most hatch from eggs. Insect growth is constrained by the inelastic exoskeleton and development involves a series of molts. The immature stages can differ from the adults in structure, habit and habitat, and can include a passive pupal stage in those groups that undergo 4-st... | hatch from eggs | "Pt2yMSUdTxWKroUk+lHTAg==" |
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