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300
Generating Natural Adversarial Examples
cs.LG
Due to their complex nature, it is hard to characterize the ways in which machine learning models can misbehave or be exploited when deployed. Recent work on adversarial examples, i.e. inputs with minor perturbations that result in substantially different model predictions, is helpful in evaluating the robustness of th...
computer science
301
Training Simplification and Model Simplification for Deep Learning: A Minimal Effort Back Propagation Method
cs.LG
We propose a simple yet effective technique to simplify the training and the resulting model of neural networks. In back propagation, only a small subset of the full gradient is computed to update the model parameters. The gradient vectors are sparsified in such a way that only the top-$k$ elements (in terms of magnitu...
computer science
302
Embodied Question Answering
cs.CV
We present a new AI task -- Embodied Question Answering (EmbodiedQA) -- where an agent is spawned at a random location in a 3D environment and asked a question ("What color is the car?"). In order to answer, the agent must first intelligently navigate to explore the environment, gather information through first-person ...
computer science
303
Don't Just Assume; Look and Answer: Overcoming Priors for Visual Question Answering
cs.CV
A number of studies have found that today's Visual Question Answering (VQA) models are heavily driven by superficial correlations in the training data and lack sufficient image grounding. To encourage development of models geared towards the latter, we propose a new setting for VQA where for every question type, train ...
computer science
304
CoDraw: Visual Dialog for Collaborative Drawing
cs.CV
In this work, we propose a goal-driven collaborative task that contains vision, language, and action in a virtual environment as its core components. Specifically, we develop a collaborative `Image Drawing' game between two agents, called CoDraw. Our game is grounded in a virtual world that contains movable clip art ob...
computer science
305
Answerer in Questioner's Mind for Goal-Oriented Visual Dialogue
cs.CV
Goal-oriented dialogue has been paid attention for its numerous applications in artificial intelligence. To solve this task, deep learning and reinforcement learning have recently been applied. However, these approaches struggle to find a competent recurrent neural questioner, owing to the complexity of learning a seri...
computer science
306
Resource Constrained Structured Prediction
stat.ML
We study the problem of structured prediction under test-time budget constraints. We propose a novel approach applicable to a wide range of structured prediction problems in computer vision and natural language processing. Our approach seeks to adaptively generate computationally costly features during test-time in ord...
computer science
307
Listen, Attend, and Walk: Neural Mapping of Navigational Instructions to Action Sequences
cs.CL
We propose a neural sequence-to-sequence model for direction following, a task that is essential to realizing effective autonomous agents. Our alignment-based encoder-decoder model with long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNN) translates natural language instructions to action sequences based upon a ...
computer science
308
Coupling Distributed and Symbolic Execution for Natural Language Queries
cs.LG
Building neural networks to query a knowledge base (a table) with natural language is an emerging research topic in deep learning. An executor for table querying typically requires multiple steps of execution because queries may have complicated structures. In previous studies, researchers have developed either fully d...
computer science
309
An agent-driven semantical identifier using radial basis neural networks and reinforcement learning
cs.NE
Due to the huge availability of documents in digital form, and the deception possibility raise bound to the essence of digital documents and the way they are spread, the authorship attribution problem has constantly increased its relevance. Nowadays, authorship attribution,for both information retrieval and analysis, h...
computer science
310
Where is my forearm? Clustering of body parts from simultaneous tactile and linguistic input using sequential mapping
cs.NE
Humans and animals are constantly exposed to a continuous stream of sensory information from different modalities. At the same time, they form more compressed representations like concepts or symbols. In species that use language, this process is further structured by this interaction, where a mapping between the senso...
computer science
311
Improvements to deep convolutional neural networks for LVCSR
cs.LG
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are more powerful than Deep Neural Networks (DNN), as they are able to better reduce spectral variation in the input signal. This has also been confirmed experimentally, with CNNs showing improvements in word error rate (WER) between 4-12% relative compared to DNNs across a var...
computer science
312
Collaborative Deep Learning for Recommender Systems
cs.LG
Collaborative filtering (CF) is a successful approach commonly used by many recommender systems. Conventional CF-based methods use the ratings given to items by users as the sole source of information for learning to make recommendation. However, the ratings are often very sparse in many applications, causing CF-based ...
computer science
313
Explaining Predictions of Non-Linear Classifiers in NLP
cs.CL
Layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) is a recently proposed technique for explaining predictions of complex non-linear classifiers in terms of input variables. In this paper, we apply LRP for the first time to natural language processing (NLP). More precisely, we use it to explain the predictions of a convolutional n...
computer science
314
Tensor network language model
cs.CL
We propose a new statistical model suitable for machine learning of systems with long distance correlations such as natural languages. The model is based on directed acyclic graph decorated by multi-linear tensor maps in the vertices and vector spaces in the edges, called tensor network. Such tensor networks have been ...
computer science
315
Language as a matrix product state
cs.CL
We propose a statistical model for natural language that begins by considering language as a monoid, then representing it in complex matrices with a compatible translation invariant probability measure. We interpret the probability measure as arising via the Born rule from a translation invariant matrix product state.
computer science
316
Accelerating Hessian-free optimization for deep neural networks by implicit preconditioning and sampling
cs.LG
Hessian-free training has become a popular parallel second or- der optimization technique for Deep Neural Network training. This study aims at speeding up Hessian-free training, both by means of decreasing the amount of data used for training, as well as through reduction of the number of Krylov subspace solver iterati...
computer science
317
Is a Picture Worth Ten Thousand Words in a Review Dataset?
cs.CV
While textual reviews have become prominent in many recommendation-based systems, automated frameworks to provide relevant visual cues against text reviews where pictures are not available is a new form of task confronted by data mining and machine learning researchers. Suggestions of pictures that are relevant to the ...
computer science
318
Validation of nonlinear PCA
cs.LG
Linear principal component analysis (PCA) can be extended to a nonlinear PCA by using artificial neural networks. But the benefit of curved components requires a careful control of the model complexity. Moreover, standard techniques for model selection, including cross-validation and more generally the use of an indepe...
computer science
319
Graph Approximation and Clustering on a Budget
stat.ML
We consider the problem of learning from a similarity matrix (such as spectral clustering and lowd imensional embedding), when computing pairwise similarities are costly, and only a limited number of entries can be observed. We provide a theoretical analysis using standard notions of graph approximation, significantly ...
computer science
320
ShareBoost: Efficient Multiclass Learning with Feature Sharing
cs.LG
Multiclass prediction is the problem of classifying an object into a relevant target class. We consider the problem of learning a multiclass predictor that uses only few features, and in particular, the number of used features should increase sub-linearly with the number of possible classes. This implies that features ...
computer science
321
Functional Principal Component Analysis and Randomized Sparse Clustering Algorithm for Medical Image Analysis
stat.ML
Due to advances in sensors, growing large and complex medical image data have the ability to visualize the pathological change in the cellular or even the molecular level or anatomical changes in tissues and organs. As a consequence, the medical images have the potential to enhance diagnosis of disease, prediction of c...
computer science
322
Jointly Learning Multiple Measures of Similarities from Triplet Comparisons
stat.ML
Similarity between objects is multi-faceted and it can be easier for human annotators to measure it when the focus is on a specific aspect. We consider the problem of mapping objects into view-specific embeddings where the distance between them is consistent with the similarity comparisons of the form "from the t-th vi...
computer science
323
Variational Inference for Uncertainty on the Inputs of Gaussian Process Models
stat.ML
The Gaussian process latent variable model (GP-LVM) provides a flexible approach for non-linear dimensionality reduction that has been widely applied. However, the current approach for training GP-LVMs is based on maximum likelihood, where the latent projection variables are maximized over rather than integrated out. I...
computer science
324
Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets
cs.LG
Generative Adversarial Nets [8] were recently introduced as a novel way to train generative models. In this work we introduce the conditional version of generative adversarial nets, which can be constructed by simply feeding the data, y, we wish to condition on to both the generator and discriminator. We show that this...
computer science
325
Visual Causal Feature Learning
stat.ML
We provide a rigorous definition of the visual cause of a behavior that is broadly applicable to the visually driven behavior in humans, animals, neurons, robots and other perceiving systems. Our framework generalizes standard accounts of causal learning to settings in which the causal variables need to be constructed ...
computer science
326
In Search of the Real Inductive Bias: On the Role of Implicit Regularization in Deep Learning
cs.LG
We present experiments demonstrating that some other form of capacity control, different from network size, plays a central role in learning multilayer feed-forward networks. We argue, partially through analogy to matrix factorization, that this is an inductive bias that can help shed light on deep learning.
computer science
327
Domain Generalization for Object Recognition with Multi-task Autoencoders
cs.CV
The problem of domain generalization is to take knowledge acquired from a number of related domains where training data is available, and to then successfully apply it to previously unseen domains. We propose a new feature learning algorithm, Multi-Task Autoencoder (MTAE), that provides good generalization performance ...
computer science
328
Data-Efficient Learning of Feedback Policies from Image Pixels using Deep Dynamical Models
cs.AI
Data-efficient reinforcement learning (RL) in continuous state-action spaces using very high-dimensional observations remains a key challenge in developing fully autonomous systems. We consider a particularly important instance of this challenge, the pixels-to-torques problem, where an RL agent learns a closed-loop con...
computer science
329
Scatter Component Analysis: A Unified Framework for Domain Adaptation and Domain Generalization
cs.CV
This paper addresses classification tasks on a particular target domain in which labeled training data are only available from source domains different from (but related to) the target. Two closely related frameworks, domain adaptation and domain generalization, are concerned with such tasks, where the only difference ...
computer science
330
Robust Subspace Clustering via Tighter Rank Approximation
cs.CV
Matrix rank minimization problem is in general NP-hard. The nuclear norm is used to substitute the rank function in many recent studies. Nevertheless, the nuclear norm approximation adds all singular values together and the approximation error may depend heavily on the magnitudes of singular values. This might restrict...
computer science
331
Recognizing Semantic Features in Faces using Deep Learning
cs.LG
The human face constantly conveys information, both consciously and subconsciously. However, as basic as it is for humans to visually interpret this information, it is quite a big challenge for machines. Conventional semantic facial feature recognition and analysis techniques are already in use and are based on physiol...
computer science
332
Deep Reconstruction-Classification Networks for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
cs.CV
In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised domain adaptation algorithm based on deep learning for visual object recognition. Specifically, we design a new model called Deep Reconstruction-Classification Network (DRCN), which jointly learns a shared encoding representation for two tasks: i) supervised classification...
computer science
333
A Convolutional Autoencoder for Multi-Subject fMRI Data Aggregation
stat.ML
Finding the most effective way to aggregate multi-subject fMRI data is a long-standing and challenging problem. It is of increasing interest in contemporary fMRI studies of human cognition due to the scarcity of data per subject and the variability of brain anatomy and functional response across subjects. Recent work o...
computer science
334
Feedback-Controlled Sequential Lasso Screening
cs.LG
One way to solve lasso problems when the dictionary does not fit into available memory is to first screen the dictionary to remove unneeded features. Prior research has shown that sequential screening methods offer the greatest promise in this endeavor. Most existing work on sequential screening targets the context of ...
computer science
335
The Symmetry of a Simple Optimization Problem in Lasso Screening
cs.LG
Recently dictionary screening has been proposed as an effective way to improve the computational efficiency of solving the lasso problem, which is one of the most commonly used method for learning sparse representations. To address today's ever increasing large dataset, effective screening relies on a tight region boun...
computer science
336
Hard Negative Mining for Metric Learning Based Zero-Shot Classification
cs.LG
Zero-Shot learning has been shown to be an efficient strategy for domain adaptation. In this context, this paper builds on the recent work of Bucher et al. [1], which proposed an approach to solve Zero-Shot classification problems (ZSC) by introducing a novel metric learning based objective function. This objective fun...
computer science
337
Pose-Selective Max Pooling for Measuring Similarity
cs.CV
In this paper, we deal with two challenges for measuring the similarity of the subject identities in practical video-based face recognition - the variation of the head pose in uncontrolled environments and the computational expense of processing videos. Since the frame-wise feature mean is unable to characterize the po...
computer science
338
Detecting Unseen Falls from Wearable Devices using Channel-wise Ensemble of Autoencoders
cs.CV
A fall is an abnormal activity that occurs rarely, so it is hard to collect real data for falls. It is, therefore, difficult to use supervised learning methods to automatically detect falls. Another challenge in using machine learning methods to automatically detect falls is the choice of engineered features. In this p...
computer science
339
Generalization Error of Invariant Classifiers
stat.ML
This paper studies the generalization error of invariant classifiers. In particular, we consider the common scenario where the classification task is invariant to certain transformations of the input, and that the classifier is constructed (or learned) to be invariant to these transformations. Our approach relies on fa...
computer science
340
Universal adversarial perturbations
cs.CV
Given a state-of-the-art deep neural network classifier, we show the existence of a universal (image-agnostic) and very small perturbation vector that causes natural images to be misclassified with high probability. We propose a systematic algorithm for computing universal perturbations, and show that state-of-the-art ...
computer science
341
Linear Disentangled Representation Learning for Facial Actions
cs.CV
Limited annotated data available for the recognition of facial expression and action units embarrasses the training of deep networks, which can learn disentangled invariant features. However, a linear model with just several parameters normally is not demanding in terms of training data. In this paper, we propose an el...
computer science
342
On Detecting Adversarial Perturbations
stat.ML
Machine learning and deep learning in particular has advanced tremendously on perceptual tasks in recent years. However, it remains vulnerable against adversarial perturbations of the input that have been crafted specifically to fool the system while being quasi-imperceptible to a human. In this work, we propose to aug...
computer science
343
Activation Maximization Generative Adversarial Nets
cs.LG
Class labels have been empirically shown useful in improving the sample quality of generative adversarial nets (GANs). In this paper, we mathematically study the properties of the current variants of GANs that make use of class label information. With class aware gradient and cross-entropy decomposition, we reveal how ...
computer science
344
Interpretable Explanations of Black Boxes by Meaningful Perturbation
cs.CV
As machine learning algorithms are increasingly applied to high impact yet high risk tasks, such as medical diagnosis or autonomous driving, it is critical that researchers can explain how such algorithms arrived at their predictions. In recent years, a number of image saliency methods have been developed to summarize ...
computer science
345
A General Theory for Training Learning Machine
stat.ML
Though the deep learning is pushing the machine learning to a new stage, basic theories of machine learning are still limited. The principle of learning, the role of the a prior knowledge, the role of neuron bias, and the basis for choosing neural transfer function and cost function, etc., are still far from clear. In ...
computer science
346
A Generalization of Convolutional Neural Networks to Graph-Structured Data
stat.ML
This paper introduces a generalization of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) from low-dimensional grid data, such as images, to graph-structured data. We propose a novel spatial convolution utilizing a random walk to uncover the relations within the input, analogous to the way the standard convolution uses the spatia...
computer science
347
Formal Guarantees on the Robustness of a Classifier against Adversarial Manipulation
cs.LG
Recent work has shown that state-of-the-art classifiers are quite brittle, in the sense that a small adversarial change of an originally with high confidence correctly classified input leads to a wrong classification again with high confidence. This raises concerns that such classifiers are vulnerable to attacks and ca...
computer science
348
Classification regions of deep neural networks
cs.CV
The goal of this paper is to analyze the geometric properties of deep neural network classifiers in the input space. We specifically study the topology of classification regions created by deep networks, as well as their associated decision boundary. Through a systematic empirical investigation, we show that state-of-t...
computer science
349
Analysis of universal adversarial perturbations
cs.CV
Deep networks have recently been shown to be vulnerable to universal perturbations: there exist very small image-agnostic perturbations that cause most natural images to be misclassified by such classifiers. In this paper, we propose the first quantitative analysis of the robustness of classifiers to universal perturba...
computer science
350
Bayesian GAN
stat.ML
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) can implicitly learn rich distributions over images, audio, and data which are hard to model with an explicit likelihood. We present a practical Bayesian formulation for unsupervised and semi-supervised learning with GANs. Within this framework, we use stochastic gradient Hamilton...
computer science
351
Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations from Video
cs.LG
We present a new model DrNET that learns disentangled image representations from video. Our approach leverages the temporal coherence of video and a novel adversarial loss to learn a representation that factorizes each frame into a stationary part and a temporally varying component. The disentangled representation can ...
computer science
352
Dualing GANs
cs.LG
Generative adversarial nets (GANs) are a promising technique for modeling a distribution from samples. It is however well known that GAN training suffers from instability due to the nature of its maximin formulation. In this paper, we explore ways to tackle the instability problem by dualizing the discriminator. We sta...
computer science
353
Wavelet Residual Network for Low-Dose CT via Deep Convolutional Framelets
stat.ML
Model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithms for low-dose X-ray CT are computationally expensive. To address this problem, we recently proposed the world-first deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for low-dose X-ray CT and won the second place in 2016 AAPM Low-Dose CT Grand Challenge. However, some of the ...
computer science
354
3D-PRNN: Generating Shape Primitives with Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
The success of various applications including robotics, digital content creation, and visualization demand a structured and abstract representation of the 3D world from limited sensor data. Inspired by the nature of human perception of 3D shapes as a collection of simple parts, we explore such an abstract shape represe...
computer science
355
Inception Score, Label Smoothing, Gradient Vanishing and -log(D(x)) Alternative
cs.LG
In this article, we mathematically study several GAN related topics, including Inception score, label smoothing, gradient vanishing and the -log(D(x)) alternative. --- An advanced version is included in arXiv:1703.02000 "Activation Maximization Generative Adversarial Nets". Please refer Section 6 in 1703.02000 for de...
computer science
356
A Brief Survey of Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Deep reinforcement learning is poised to revolutionise the field of AI and represents a step towards building autonomous systems with a higher level understanding of the visual world. Currently, deep learning is enabling reinforcement learning to scale to problems that were previously intractable, such as learning to p...
computer science
357
CirCNN: Accelerating and Compressing Deep Neural Networks Using Block-CirculantWeight Matrices
cs.CV
Large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs) are both compute and memory intensive. As the size of DNNs continues to grow, it is critical to improve the energy efficiency and performance while maintaining accuracy. For DNNs, the model size is an important factor affecting performance, scalability and energy efficiency. Weig...
computer science
358
XFlow: 1D-2D Cross-modal Deep Neural Networks for Audiovisual Classification
stat.ML
We propose two multimodal deep learning architectures that allow for cross-modal dataflow (XFlow) between the feature extractors, thereby extracting more interpretable features and obtaining a better representation than through unimodal learning, for the same amount of training data. These models can usefully exploit c...
computer science
359
Context Embedding Networks
cs.LG
Low dimensional embeddings that capture the main variations of interest in collections of data are important for many applications. One way to construct these embeddings is to acquire estimates of similarity from the crowd. However, similarity is a multi-dimensional concept that varies from individual to individual. Ex...
computer science
360
How Much Chemistry Does a Deep Neural Network Need to Know to Make Accurate Predictions?
stat.ML
The meteoric rise of deep learning models in computer vision research, having achieved human-level accuracy in image recognition tasks is firm evidence of the impact of representation learning of deep neural networks. In the chemistry domain, recent advances have also led to the development of similar CNN models, such ...
computer science
361
Variational Inference of Disentangled Latent Concepts from Unlabeled Observations
cs.LG
Disentangled representations, where the higher level data generative factors are reflected in disjoint latent dimensions, offer several benefits such as ease of deriving invariant representations, transferability to other tasks, interpretability, etc. We consider the problem of unsupervised learning of disentangled rep...
computer science
362
Three Factors Influencing Minima in SGD
cs.LG
We study the properties of the endpoint of stochastic gradient descent (SGD). By approximating SGD as a stochastic differential equation (SDE) we consider the Boltzmann-Gibbs equilibrium distribution of that SDE under the assumption of isotropic variance in loss gradients. Through this analysis, we find that three fact...
computer science
363
Learning to Play Othello with Deep Neural Networks
cs.AI
Achieving superhuman playing level by AlphaGo corroborated the capabilities of convolutional neural architectures (CNNs) for capturing complex spatial patterns. This result was to a great extent due to several analogies between Go board states and 2D images CNNs have been designed for, in particular translational invar...
computer science
364
Deep Learning Can Reverse Photon Migration for Diffuse Optical Tomography
cs.CV
Can artificial intelligence (AI) learn complicated non-linear physics? Here we propose a novel deep learning approach that learns non-linear photon scattering physics and obtains accurate 3D distribution of optical anomalies. In contrast to the traditional black-box deep learning approaches to inverse problems, our dee...
computer science
365
Using Rule-Based Labels for Weak Supervised Learning: A ChemNet for Transferable Chemical Property Prediction
stat.ML
With access to large datasets, deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved human-level accuracy in image and speech recognition tasks. However, in chemistry, data is inherently small and fragmented. In this work, we develop an approach of using rule-based knowledge for training ChemNet, a transferable and generalizable de...
computer science
366
Deep Learning in RF Sub-sampled B-mode Ultrasound Imaging
cs.CV
In portable, three dimensional, and ultra-fast ultrasound (US) imaging systems, there is an increasing need to reconstruct high quality images from a limited number of RF data from receiver (Rx) or scan-line (SC) sub-sampling. However, due to the severe side lobe artifacts from RF sub-sampling, the standard beam-former...
computer science
367
Deep Learning Interior Tomography for Region-of-Interest Reconstruction
cs.CV
Interior tomography for the region-of-interest (ROI) imaging has advantages of using a small detector and reducing X-ray radiation dose. However, standard analytic reconstruction suffers from severe cupping artifacts due to existence of null space in the truncated Radon transform. Existing penalized reconstruction meth...
computer science
368
Deep Learning Reconstruction for 9-View Dual Energy CT Baggage Scanner
cs.CV
For homeland and transportation security applications, 2D X-ray explosive detection system (EDS) have been widely used, but they have limitations in recognizing 3D shape of the hidden objects. Among various types of 3D computed tomography (CT) systems to address this issue, this paper is interested in a stationary CT u...
computer science
369
Effective Building Block Design for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks using Search
cs.LG
Deep learning has shown promising results on many machine learning tasks but DL models are often complex networks with large number of neurons and layers, and recently, complex layer structures known as building blocks. Finding the best deep model requires a combination of finding both the right architecture and the co...
computer science
370
TVAE: Triplet-Based Variational Autoencoder using Metric Learning
stat.ML
Deep metric learning has been demonstrated to be highly effective in learning semantic representation and encoding information that can be used to measure data similarity, by relying on the embedding learned from metric learning. At the same time, variational autoencoder (VAE) has widely been used to approximate infere...
computer science
371
Learning to Play with Intrinsically-Motivated Self-Aware Agents
cs.LG
Infants are experts at playing, with an amazing ability to generate novel structured behaviors in unstructured environments that lack clear extrinsic reward signals. We seek to mathematically formalize these abilities using a neural network that implements curiosity-driven intrinsic motivation. Using a simple but ecolo...
computer science
372
Emergence of Structured Behaviors from Curiosity-Based Intrinsic Motivation
cs.LG
Infants are experts at playing, with an amazing ability to generate novel structured behaviors in unstructured environments that lack clear extrinsic reward signals. We seek to replicate some of these abilities with a neural network that implements curiosity-driven intrinsic motivation. Using a simple but ecologically ...
computer science
373
Stochastic Video Generation with a Learned Prior
cs.CV
Generating video frames that accurately predict future world states is challenging. Existing approaches either fail to capture the full distribution of outcomes, or yield blurry generations, or both. In this paper we introduce an unsupervised video generation model that learns a prior model of uncertainty in a given en...
computer science
374
Multi-Evidence Filtering and Fusion for Multi-Label Classification, Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation Based on Weakly Supervised Learning
cs.CV
Supervised object detection and semantic segmentation require object or even pixel level annotations. When there exist image level labels only, it is challenging for weakly supervised algorithms to achieve accurate predictions. The accuracy achieved by top weakly supervised algorithms is still significantly lower than ...
computer science
375
Neural Networks Should Be Wide Enough to Learn Disconnected Decision Regions
cs.LG
In the recent literature the important role of depth in deep learning has been emphasized. In this paper we argue that sufficient width of a feedforward network is equally important by answering the simple question under which conditions the decision regions of a neural network are connected. It turns out that for a cl...
computer science
376
Visual Explanations From Deep 3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Alzheimer's Disease Classification
cs.CV
We develop three efficient approaches for generating visual explanations from 3D convolutional neural networks (3D-CNNs) for Alzheimer's disease classification. One approach conducts sensitivity analysis on hierarchical 3D image segmentation, and the other two visualize network activations on a spatial map. Visual chec...
computer science
377
Averaging Weights Leads to Wider Optima and Better Generalization
cs.LG
Deep neural networks are typically trained by optimizing a loss function with an SGD variant, in conjunction with a decaying learning rate, until convergence. We show that simple averaging of multiple points along the trajectory of SGD, with a cyclical or constant learning rate, leads to better generalization than conv...
computer science
378
SENNS: Sparse Extraction Neural NetworkS for Feature Extraction
cs.CV
By drawing on ideas from optimisation theory, artificial neural networks (ANN), graph embeddings and sparse representations, I develop a novel technique, termed SENNS (Sparse Extraction Neural NetworkS), aimed at addressing the feature extraction problem. The proposed method uses (preferably deep) ANNs for projecting i...
computer science
379
Generative Models and Model Criticism via Optimized Maximum Mean Discrepancy
stat.ML
We propose a method to optimize the representation and distinguishability of samples from two probability distributions, by maximizing the estimated power of a statistical test based on the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD). This optimized MMD is applied to the setting of unsupervised learning by generative adversarial ne...
computer science
380
Deep Learning Approximation for Stochastic Control Problems
cs.LG
Many real world stochastic control problems suffer from the "curse of dimensionality". To overcome this difficulty, we develop a deep learning approach that directly solves high-dimensional stochastic control problems based on Monte-Carlo sampling. We approximate the time-dependent controls as feedforward neural networ...
computer science
381
Generating Focussed Molecule Libraries for Drug Discovery with Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.NE
In de novo drug design, computational strategies are used to generate novel molecules with good affinity to the desired biological target. In this work, we show that recurrent neural networks can be trained as generative models for molecular structures, similar to statistical language models in natural language process...
computer science
382
Parameter Space Noise for Exploration
cs.LG
Deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods generally engage in exploratory behavior through noise injection in the action space. An alternative is to add noise directly to the agent's parameters, which can lead to more consistent exploration and a richer set of behaviors. Methods such as evolutionary strategies use param...
computer science
383
On The Robustness of a Neural Network
stat.ML
With the development of neural networks based machine learning and their usage in mission critical applications, voices are rising against the \textit{black box} aspect of neural networks as it becomes crucial to understand their limits and capabilities. With the rise of neuromorphic hardware, it is even more critical ...
computer science
384
ZhuSuan: A Library for Bayesian Deep Learning
stat.ML
In this paper we introduce ZhuSuan, a python probabilistic programming library for Bayesian deep learning, which conjoins the complimentary advantages of Bayesian methods and deep learning. ZhuSuan is built upon Tensorflow. Unlike existing deep learning libraries, which are mainly designed for deterministic neural netw...
computer science
385
Using Parameterized Black-Box Priors to Scale Up Model-Based Policy Search for Robotics
cs.RO
The most data-efficient algorithms for reinforcement learning in robotics are model-based policy search algorithms, which alternate between learning a dynamical model of the robot and optimizing a policy to maximize the expected return given the model and its uncertainties. Among the few proposed approaches, the recent...
computer science
386
Bayesian Optimization with Automatic Prior Selection for Data-Efficient Direct Policy Search
cs.RO
One of the most interesting features of Bayesian optimization for direct policy search is that it can leverage priors (e.g., from simulation or from previous tasks) to accelerate learning on a robot. In this paper, we are interested in situations for which several priors exist but we do not know in advance which one fi...
computer science
387
Bounding and Counting Linear Regions of Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
In this paper, we study the representational power of deep neural networks (DNN) that belong to the family of piecewise-linear (PWL) functions, based on PWL activation units such as rectifier or maxout. We investigate the complexity of such networks by studying the number of linear regions of the PWL function. Typicall...
computer science
388
Deep Rewiring: Training very sparse deep networks
cs.NE
Neuromorphic hardware tends to pose limits on the connectivity of deep networks that one can run on them. But also generic hardware and software implementations of deep learning run more efficiently for sparse networks. Several methods exist for pruning connections of a neural network after it was trained without conne...
computer science
389
Comparing heterogeneous entities using artificial neural networks of trainable weighted structural components and machine-learned activation functions
stat.ML
To compare entities of differing types and structural components, the artificial neural network paradigm was used to cross-compare structural components between heterogeneous documents. Trainable weighted structural components were input into machine-learned activation functions of the neurons. The model was used for m...
computer science
390
Active Learning of Inverse Models with Intrinsically Motivated Goal Exploration in Robots
cs.LG
We introduce the Self-Adaptive Goal Generation - Robust Intelligent Adaptive Curiosity (SAGG-RIAC) architecture as an intrinsi- cally motivated goal exploration mechanism which allows active learning of inverse models in high-dimensional redundant robots. This allows a robot to efficiently and actively learn distributi...
computer science
391
End-to-End Tracking and Semantic Segmentation Using Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
In this work we present a novel end-to-end framework for tracking and classifying a robot's surroundings in complex, dynamic and only partially observable real-world environments. The approach deploys a recurrent neural network to filter an input stream of raw laser measurements in order to directly infer object locati...
computer science
392
Deep Tracking: Seeing Beyond Seeing Using Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
This paper presents to the best of our knowledge the first end-to-end object tracking approach which directly maps from raw sensor input to object tracks in sensor space without requiring any feature engineering or system identification in the form of plant or sensor models. Specifically, our system accepts a stream of...
computer science
393
Deep Predictive Coding Networks for Video Prediction and Unsupervised Learning
cs.LG
While great strides have been made in using deep learning algorithms to solve supervised learning tasks, the problem of unsupervised learning - leveraging unlabeled examples to learn about the structure of a domain - remains a difficult unsolved challenge. Here, we explore prediction of future frames in a video sequenc...
computer science
394
Vote3Deep: Fast Object Detection in 3D Point Clouds Using Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.RO
This paper proposes a computationally efficient approach to detecting objects natively in 3D point clouds using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In particular, this is achieved by leveraging a feature-centric voting scheme to implement novel convolutional layers which explicitly exploit the sparsity encountered in...
computer science
395
On Convergence and Stability of GANs
cs.AI
We propose studying GAN training dynamics as regret minimization, which is in contrast to the popular view that there is consistent minimization of a divergence between real and generated distributions. We analyze the convergence of GAN training from this new point of view to understand why mode collapse happens. We hy...
computer science
396
Imitation from Observation: Learning to Imitate Behaviors from Raw Video via Context Translation
cs.LG
Imitation learning is an effective approach for autonomous systems to acquire control policies when an explicit reward function is unavailable, using supervision provided as demonstrations from an expert, typically a human operator. However, standard imitation learning methods assume that the agent receives examples of...
computer science
397
Convergence rates for pretraining and dropout: Guiding learning parameters using network structure
cs.LG
Unsupervised pretraining and dropout have been well studied, especially with respect to regularization and output consistency. However, our understanding about the explicit convergence rates of the parameter estimates, and their dependence on the learning (like denoising and dropout rate) and structural (like depth and...
computer science
398
Learning Discriminative Features via Label Consistent Neural Network
cs.CV
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) enforces supervised information only at the output layer, and hidden layers are trained by back propagating the prediction error from the output layer without explicit supervision. We propose a supervised feature learning approach, Label Consistent Neural Network, which enforces...
computer science
399
Out-of-Sample Extension for Dimensionality Reduction of Noisy Time Series
stat.ML
This paper proposes an out-of-sample extension framework for a global manifold learning algorithm (Isomap) that uses temporal information in out-of-sample points in order to make the embedding more robust to noise and artifacts. Given a set of noise-free training data and its embedding, the proposed framework extends t...
computer science