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Backward and Forward Language Modeling for Constrained Sentence Generation
cs.CL
Recent language models, especially those based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs), make it possible to generate natural language from a learned probability. Language generation has wide applications including machine translation, summarization, question answering, conversation systems, etc. Existing methods typically ...
computer science
601
Online Keyword Spotting with a Character-Level Recurrent Neural Network
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose a context-aware keyword spotting model employing a character-level recurrent neural network (RNN) for spoken term detection in continuous speech. The RNN is end-to-end trained with connectionist temporal classification (CTC) to generate the probabilities of character and word-boundary labels. ...
computer science
602
Domain Specific Author Attribution Based on Feedforward Neural Network Language Models
cs.CL
Authorship attribution refers to the task of automatically determining the author based on a given sample of text. It is a problem with a long history and has a wide range of application. Building author profiles using language models is one of the most successful methods to automate this task. New language modeling me...
computer science
603
Segmental Recurrent Neural Networks for End-to-end Speech Recognition
cs.CL
We study the segmental recurrent neural network for end-to-end acoustic modelling. This model connects the segmental conditional random field (CRF) with a recurrent neural network (RNN) used for feature extraction. Compared to most previous CRF-based acoustic models, it does not rely on an external system to provide fe...
computer science
604
How Transferable are Neural Networks in NLP Applications?
cs.CL
Transfer learning is aimed to make use of valuable knowledge in a source domain to help model performance in a target domain. It is particularly important to neural networks, which are very likely to be overfitting. In some fields like image processing, many studies have shown the effectiveness of neural network-based ...
computer science
605
Recurrent Neural Network Encoder with Attention for Community Question Answering
cs.CL
We apply a general recurrent neural network (RNN) encoder framework to community question answering (cQA) tasks. Our approach does not rely on any linguistic processing, and can be applied to different languages or domains. Further improvements are observed when we extend the RNN encoders with a neural attention mechan...
computer science
606
Recursive Neural Language Architecture for Tag Prediction
cs.IR
We consider the problem of learning distributed representations for tags from their associated content for the task of tag recommendation. Considering tagging information is usually very sparse, effective learning from content and tag association is very crucial and challenging task. Recently, various neural representa...
computer science
607
On the Compression of Recurrent Neural Networks with an Application to LVCSR acoustic modeling for Embedded Speech Recognition
cs.CL
We study the problem of compressing recurrent neural networks (RNNs). In particular, we focus on the compression of RNN acoustic models, which are motivated by the goal of building compact and accurate speech recognition systems which can be run efficiently on mobile devices. In this work, we present a technique for ge...
computer science
608
Pointing the Unknown Words
cs.CL
The problem of rare and unknown words is an important issue that can potentially influence the performance of many NLP systems, including both the traditional count-based and the deep learning models. We propose a novel way to deal with the rare and unseen words for the neural network models using attention. Our model ...
computer science
609
Learning Multiscale Features Directly From Waveforms
cs.CL
Deep learning has dramatically improved the performance of speech recognition systems through learning hierarchies of features optimized for the task at hand. However, true end-to-end learning, where features are learned directly from waveforms, has only recently reached the performance of hand-tailored representations...
computer science
610
Joint Learning of Sentence Embeddings for Relevance and Entailment
cs.CL
We consider the problem of Recognizing Textual Entailment within an Information Retrieval context, where we must simultaneously determine the relevancy as well as degree of entailment for individual pieces of evidence to determine a yes/no answer to a binary natural language question. We compare several variants of n...
computer science
611
Deep API Learning
cs.SE
Developers often wonder how to implement a certain functionality (e.g., how to parse XML files) using APIs. Obtaining an API usage sequence based on an API-related natural language query is very helpful in this regard. Given a query, existing approaches utilize information retrieval models to search for matching API se...
computer science
612
Does Multimodality Help Human and Machine for Translation and Image Captioning?
cs.CL
This paper presents the systems developed by LIUM and CVC for the WMT16 Multimodal Machine Translation challenge. We explored various comparative methods, namely phrase-based systems and attentional recurrent neural networks models trained using monomodal or multimodal data. We also performed a human evaluation in orde...
computer science
613
Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Text Classification
cs.CL
The dominant approach for many NLP tasks are recurrent neural networks, in particular LSTMs, and convolutional neural networks. However, these architectures are rather shallow in comparison to the deep convolutional networks which have pushed the state-of-the-art in computer vision. We present a new architecture (VDCNN...
computer science
614
Improving Recurrent Neural Networks For Sequence Labelling
cs.CL
In this paper we study different types of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) for sequence labeling tasks. We propose two new variants of RNNs integrating improvements for sequence labeling, and we compare them to the more traditional Elman and Jordan RNNs. We compare all models, either traditional or new, on four distinct...
computer science
615
Sentence Similarity Measures for Fine-Grained Estimation of Topical Relevance in Learner Essays
cs.CL
We investigate the task of assessing sentence-level prompt relevance in learner essays. Various systems using word overlap, neural embeddings and neural compositional models are evaluated on two datasets of learner writing. We propose a new method for sentence-level similarity calculation, which learns to adjust the we...
computer science
616
Deep CNNs along the Time Axis with Intermap Pooling for Robustness to Spectral Variations
cs.CL
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with convolutional and pooling operations along the frequency axis have been proposed to attain invariance to frequency shifts of features. However, this is inappropriate with regard to the fact that acoustic features vary in frequency. In this paper, we contend that convolution alo...
computer science
617
Automatic Text Scoring Using Neural Networks
cs.CL
Automated Text Scoring (ATS) provides a cost-effective and consistent alternative to human marking. However, in order to achieve good performance, the predictive features of the system need to be manually engineered by human experts. We introduce a model that forms word representations by learning the extent to which s...
computer science
618
A Comprehensive Study of Deep Bidirectional LSTM RNNs for Acoustic Modeling in Speech Recognition
cs.NE
We present a comprehensive study of deep bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) based acoustic models for automatic speech recognition (ASR). We study the effect of size and depth and train models of up to 8 layers. We investigate the training aspect and study different variants of o...
computer science
619
Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillation
cs.CL
Neural machine translation (NMT) offers a novel alternative formulation of translation that is potentially simpler than statistical approaches. However to reach competitive performance, NMT models need to be exceedingly large. In this paper we consider applying knowledge distillation approaches (Bucila et al., 2006; Hi...
computer science
620
Learning Semantically Coherent and Reusable Kernels in Convolution Neural Nets for Sentence Classification
cs.CL
The state-of-the-art CNN models give good performance on sentence classification tasks. The purpose of this work is to empirically study desirable properties such as semantic coherence, attention mechanism and reusability of CNNs in these tasks. Semantically coherent kernels are preferable as they are a lot more interp...
computer science
621
RETURNN: The RWTH Extensible Training framework for Universal Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
In this work we release our extensible and easily configurable neural network training software. It provides a rich set of functional layers with a particular focus on efficient training of recurrent neural network topologies on multiple GPUs. The source of the software package is public and freely available for academ...
computer science
622
Character-Level Language Modeling with Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
Recurrent neural network (RNN) based character-level language models (CLMs) are extremely useful for modeling out-of-vocabulary words by nature. However, their performance is generally much worse than the word-level language models (WLMs), since CLMs need to consider longer history of tokens to properly predict the nex...
computer science
623
Multi-task Recurrent Model for True Multilingual Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Research on multilingual speech recognition remains attractive yet challenging. Recent studies focus on learning shared structures under the multi-task paradigm, in particular a feature sharing structure. This approach has been found effective to improve performance on each individual language. However, this approach i...
computer science
624
Sentiment Analysis on Bangla and Romanized Bangla Text (BRBT) using Deep Recurrent models
cs.CL
Sentiment Analysis (SA) is an action research area in the digital age. With rapid and constant growth of online social media sites and services, and the increasing amount of textual data such as - statuses, comments, reviews etc. available in them, application of automatic SA is on the rise. However, most of the resear...
computer science
625
Attending to Characters in Neural Sequence Labeling Models
cs.CL
Sequence labeling architectures use word embeddings for capturing similarity, but suffer when handling previously unseen or rare words. We investigate character-level extensions to such models and propose a novel architecture for combining alternative word representations. By using an attention mechanism, the model is ...
computer science
626
Visualizing and Understanding Curriculum Learning for Long Short-Term Memory Networks
cs.CL
Curriculum Learning emphasizes the order of training instances in a computational learning setup. The core hypothesis is that simpler instances should be learned early as building blocks to learn more complex ones. Despite its usefulness, it is still unknown how exactly the internal representation of models are affecte...
computer science
627
Dense Prediction on Sequences with Time-Dilated Convolutions for Speech Recognition
cs.CL
In computer vision pixelwise dense prediction is the task of predicting a label for each pixel in the image. Convolutional neural networks achieve good performance on this task, while being computationally efficient. In this paper we carry these ideas over to the problem of assigning a sequence of labels to a set of sp...
computer science
628
End-to-End ASR-free Keyword Search from Speech
cs.CL
End-to-end (E2E) systems have achieved competitive results compared to conventional hybrid hidden Markov model (HMM)-deep neural network based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Such E2E systems are attractive due to the lack of dependence on alignments between input acoustic and output grapheme or HMM state s...
computer science
629
Training Language Models Using Target-Propagation
cs.CL
While Truncated Back-Propagation through Time (BPTT) is the most popular approach to training Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), it suffers from being inherently sequential (making parallelization difficult) and from truncating gradient flow between distant time-steps. We investigate whether Target Propagation (TPROP) s...
computer science
630
Deep Voice: Real-time Neural Text-to-Speech
cs.CL
We present Deep Voice, a production-quality text-to-speech system constructed entirely from deep neural networks. Deep Voice lays the groundwork for truly end-to-end neural speech synthesis. The system comprises five major building blocks: a segmentation model for locating phoneme boundaries, a grapheme-to-phoneme conv...
computer science
631
Improved Variational Autoencoders for Text Modeling using Dilated Convolutions
cs.NE
Recent work on generative modeling of text has found that variational auto-encoders (VAE) incorporating LSTM decoders perform worse than simpler LSTM language models (Bowman et al., 2015). This negative result is so far poorly understood, but has been attributed to the propensity of LSTM decoders to ignore conditioning...
computer science
632
Gram-CTC: Automatic Unit Selection and Target Decomposition for Sequence Labelling
cs.CL
Most existing sequence labelling models rely on a fixed decomposition of a target sequence into a sequence of basic units. These methods suffer from two major drawbacks: 1) the set of basic units is fixed, such as the set of words, characters or phonemes in speech recognition, and 2) the decomposition of target sequenc...
computer science
633
Ask Me Even More: Dynamic Memory Tensor Networks (Extended Model)
cs.CL
We examine Memory Networks for the task of question answering (QA), under common real world scenario where training examples are scarce and under weakly supervised scenario, that is only extrinsic labels are available for training. We propose extensions for the Dynamic Memory Network (DMN), specifically within the atte...
computer science
634
Simplified End-to-End MMI Training and Voting for ASR
cs.LG
A simplified speech recognition system that uses the maximum mutual information (MMI) criterion is considered. End-to-end training using gradient descent is suggested, similarly to the training of connectionist temporal classification (CTC). We use an MMI criterion with a simple language model in the training stage, an...
computer science
635
Learning to Generate Reviews and Discovering Sentiment
cs.LG
We explore the properties of byte-level recurrent language models. When given sufficient amounts of capacity, training data, and compute time, the representations learned by these models include disentangled features corresponding to high-level concepts. Specifically, we find a single unit which performs sentiment anal...
computer science
636
Semi-supervised Multitask Learning for Sequence Labeling
cs.CL
We propose a sequence labeling framework with a secondary training objective, learning to predict surrounding words for every word in the dataset. This language modeling objective incentivises the system to learn general-purpose patterns of semantic and syntactic composition, which are also useful for improving accurac...
computer science
637
Going Wider: Recurrent Neural Network With Parallel Cells
cs.CL
Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) has been widely applied for sequence modeling. In RNN, the hidden states at current step are full connected to those at previous step, thus the influence from less related features at previous step may potentially decrease model's learning ability. We propose a simple technique called par...
computer science
638
Phonetic Temporal Neural Model for Language Identification
cs.CL
Deep neural models, particularly the LSTM-RNN model, have shown great potential for language identification (LID). However, the use of phonetic information has been largely overlooked by most existing neural LID methods, although this information has been used very successfully in conventional phonetic LID systems. We ...
computer science
639
Relevance-based Word Embedding
cs.IR
Learning a high-dimensional dense representation for vocabulary terms, also known as a word embedding, has recently attracted much attention in natural language processing and information retrieval tasks. The embedding vectors are typically learned based on term proximity in a large corpus. This means that the objectiv...
computer science
640
Deriving Neural Architectures from Sequence and Graph Kernels
cs.NE
The design of neural architectures for structured objects is typically guided by experimental insights rather than a formal process. In this work, we appeal to kernels over combinatorial structures, such as sequences and graphs, to derive appropriate neural operations. We introduce a class of deep recurrent neural oper...
computer science
641
On Multilingual Training of Neural Dependency Parsers
cs.CL
We show that a recently proposed neural dependency parser can be improved by joint training on multiple languages from the same family. The parser is implemented as a deep neural network whose only input is orthographic representations of words. In order to successfully parse, the network has to discover how linguistic...
computer science
642
Semi-Supervised Phoneme Recognition with Recurrent Ladder Networks
cs.CL
Ladder networks are a notable new concept in the field of semi-supervised learning by showing state-of-the-art results in image recognition tasks while being compatible with many existing neural architectures. We present the recurrent ladder network, a novel modification of the ladder network, for semi-supervised learn...
computer science
643
Adversarially Regularized Autoencoders
cs.LG
While autoencoders are a key technique in representation learning for continuous structures, such as images or wave forms, developing general-purpose autoencoders for discrete structures, such as text sequence or discretized images, has proven to be more challenging. In particular, discrete inputs make it more difficul...
computer science
644
Auxiliary Objectives for Neural Error Detection Models
cs.CL
We investigate the utility of different auxiliary objectives and training strategies within a neural sequence labeling approach to error detection in learner writing. Auxiliary costs provide the model with additional linguistic information, allowing it to learn general-purpose compositional features that can then be ex...
computer science
645
An Error-Oriented Approach to Word Embedding Pre-Training
cs.CL
We propose a novel word embedding pre-training approach that exploits writing errors in learners' scripts. We compare our method to previous models that tune the embeddings based on script scores and the discrimination between correct and corrupt word contexts in addition to the generic commonly-used embeddings pre-tra...
computer science
646
A Continuous Relaxation of Beam Search for End-to-end Training of Neural Sequence Models
cs.LG
Beam search is a desirable choice of test-time decoding algorithm for neural sequence models because it potentially avoids search errors made by simpler greedy methods. However, typical cross entropy training procedures for these models do not directly consider the behaviour of the final decoding method. As a result, f...
computer science
647
Regularizing and Optimizing LSTM Language Models
cs.CL
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), such as long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), serve as a fundamental building block for many sequence learning tasks, including machine translation, language modeling, and question answering. In this paper, we consider the specific problem of word-level language modeling and investi...
computer science
648
Supervised Speech Separation Based on Deep Learning: An Overview
cs.CL
Speech separation is the task of separating target speech from background interference. Traditionally, speech separation is studied as a signal processing problem. A more recent approach formulates speech separation as a supervised learning problem, where the discriminative patterns of speech, speakers, and background ...
computer science
649
Grasping the Finer Point: A Supervised Similarity Network for Metaphor Detection
cs.CL
The ubiquity of metaphor in our everyday communication makes it an important problem for natural language understanding. Yet, the majority of metaphor processing systems to date rely on hand-engineered features and there is still no consensus in the field as to which features are optimal for this task. In this paper, w...
computer science
650
Think Globally, Embed Locally --- Locally Linear Meta-embedding of Words
cs.CL
Distributed word embeddings have shown superior performances in numerous Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performances vary significantly across different tasks, implying that the word embeddings learnt by those methods capture complementary aspects of lexical semantics. Therefore, we believe tha...
computer science
651
KeyVec: Key-semantics Preserving Document Representations
cs.CL
Previous studies have demonstrated the empirical success of word embeddings in various applications. In this paper, we investigate the problem of learning distributed representations for text documents which many machine learning algorithms take as input for a number of NLP tasks. We propose a neural network model, K...
computer science
652
Exploring Asymmetric Encoder-Decoder Structure for Context-based Sentence Representation Learning
cs.NE
Context information plays an important role in human language understanding, and it is also useful for machines to learn vector representations of language. In this paper, we explore an asymmetric encoder-decoder structure for unsupervised context-based sentence representation learning. As a result, we build an encoder...
computer science
653
CNN Is All You Need
cs.CL
The Convolution Neural Network (CNN) has demonstrated the unique advantage in audio, image and text learning; recently it has also challenged Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with long short-term memory cells (LSTM) in sequence-to-sequence learning, since the computations involved in CNN are easily parallelizable where...
computer science
654
Combining Representation Learning with Logic for Language Processing
cs.NE
The current state-of-the-art in many natural language processing and automated knowledge base completion tasks is held by representation learning methods which learn distributed vector representations of symbols via gradient-based optimization. They require little or no hand-crafted features, thus avoiding the need for...
computer science
655
A Note on Topology Preservation in Classification, and the Construction of a Universal Neuron Grid
cs.NE
It will be shown that according to theorems of K. Menger, every neuron grid if identified with a curve is able to preserve the adopted qualitative structure of a data space. Furthermore, if this identification is made, the neuron grid structure can always be mapped to a subset of a universal neuron grid which is constr...
computer science
656
Linear-Nonlinear-Poisson Neuron Networks Perform Bayesian Inference On Boltzmann Machines
cs.AI
One conjecture in both deep learning and classical connectionist viewpoint is that the biological brain implements certain kinds of deep networks as its back-end. However, to our knowledge, a detailed correspondence has not yet been set up, which is important if we want to bridge between neuroscience and machine learni...
computer science
657
Mapping Temporal Variables into the NeuCube for Improved Pattern Recognition, Predictive Modelling and Understanding of Stream Data
cs.NE
This paper proposes a new method for an optimized mapping of temporal variables, describing a temporal stream data, into the recently proposed NeuCube spiking neural network architecture. This optimized mapping extends the use of the NeuCube, which was initially designed for spatiotemporal brain data, to work on arbitr...
computer science
658
An Evolutionary Algorithm to Learn SPARQL Queries for Source-Target-Pairs: Finding Patterns for Human Associations in DBpedia
cs.AI
Efficient usage of the knowledge provided by the Linked Data community is often hindered by the need for domain experts to formulate the right SPARQL queries to answer questions. For new questions they have to decide which datasets are suitable and in which terminology and modelling style to phrase the SPARQL query. ...
computer science
659
A Geometric Framework for Convolutional Neural Networks
stat.ML
In this paper, a geometric framework for neural networks is proposed. This framework uses the inner product space structure underlying the parameter set to perform gradient descent not in a component-based form, but in a coordinate-free manner. Convolutional neural networks are described in this framework in a compact ...
computer science
660
A Novel Representation of Neural Networks
stat.ML
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become very popular for prediction in many areas. Their strength is in representation with a high number of parameters that are commonly learned via gradient descent or similar optimization methods. However, the representation is non-standardized, and the gradient calculation methods ar...
computer science
661
Converting Cascade-Correlation Neural Nets into Probabilistic Generative Models
cs.AI
Humans are not only adept in recognizing what class an input instance belongs to (i.e., classification task), but perhaps more remarkably, they can imagine (i.e., generate) plausible instances of a desired class with ease, when prompted. Inspired by this, we propose a framework which allows transforming Cascade-Correla...
computer science
662
On the Performance of Network Parallel Training in Artificial Neural Networks
cs.AI
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have received increasing attention in recent years with applications that span a wide range of disciplines including vital domains such as medicine, network security and autonomous transportation. However, neural network architectures are becoming increasingly complex and with an incre...
computer science
663
Programmable Agents
cs.AI
We build deep RL agents that execute declarative programs expressed in formal language. The agents learn to ground the terms in this language in their environment, and can generalize their behavior at test time to execute new programs that refer to objects that were not referenced during training. The agents develop di...
computer science
664
Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Understanding, Visualizing and Interpreting Deep Learning Models
cs.AI
With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this development can be found in domains such as image classification, sentiment ana...
computer science
665
Can Deep Reinforcement Learning Solve Erdos-Selfridge-Spencer Games?
cs.AI
Deep reinforcement learning has achieved many recent successes, but our understanding of its strengths and limitations is hampered by the lack of rich environments in which we can fully characterize optimal behavior, and correspondingly diagnose individual actions against such a characterization. Here we consider a fam...
computer science
666
Emergence of grid-like representations by training recurrent neural networks to perform spatial localization
cs.AI
Decades of research on the neural code underlying spatial navigation have revealed a diverse set of neural response properties. The Entorhinal Cortex (EC) of the mammalian brain contains a rich set of spatial correlates, including grid cells which encode space using tessellating patterns. However, the mechanisms and fu...
computer science
667
Dimensionality Reduction and Reconstruction using Mirroring Neural Networks and Object Recognition based on Reduced Dimension Characteristic Vector
cs.CV
In this paper, we present a Mirroring Neural Network architecture to perform non-linear dimensionality reduction and Object Recognition using a reduced lowdimensional characteristic vector. In addition to dimensionality reduction, the network also reconstructs (mirrors) the original high-dimensional input vector from t...
computer science
668
Parcellation of fMRI Datasets with ICA and PLS-A Data Driven Approach
cs.CV
Inter-subject parcellation of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data based on a standard General Linear Model (GLM)and spectral clustering was recently proposed as a means to alleviate the issues associated with spatial normalization in fMRI. However, for all its appeal, a GLM-based parcellation approach int...
computer science
669
Iris Codes Classification Using Discriminant and Witness Directions
cs.NE
The main topic discussed in this paper is how to use intelligence for biometric decision defuzzification. A neural training model is proposed and tested here as a possible solution for dealing with natural fuzzification that appears between the intra- and inter-class distribution of scores computed during iris recognit...
computer science
670
Algorithms for Image Analysis and Combination of Pattern Classifiers with Application to Medical Diagnosis
cs.CV
Medical Informatics and the application of modern signal processing in the assistance of the diagnostic process in medical imaging is one of the more recent and active research areas today. This thesis addresses a variety of issues related to the general problem of medical image analysis, specifically in mammography, a...
computer science
671
Deep Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable Images
cs.CV
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently been achieving state-of-the-art performance on a variety of pattern-recognition tasks, most notably visual classification problems. Given that DNNs are now able to classify objects in images with near-human-level performance, questions naturally arise as to what differences rem...
computer science
672
Homogeneous Spiking Neuromorphic System for Real-World Pattern Recognition
cs.NE
A neuromorphic chip that combines CMOS analog spiking neurons and memristive synapses offers a promising solution to brain-inspired computing, as it can provide massive neural network parallelism and density. Previous hybrid analog CMOS-memristor approaches required extensive CMOS circuitry for training, and thus elimi...
computer science
673
Crowd Behavior Analysis: A Review where Physics meets Biology
cs.CV
Although the traits emerged in a mass gathering are often non-deliberative, the act of mass impulse may lead to irre- vocable crowd disasters. The two-fold increase of carnage in crowd since the past two decades has spurred significant advances in the field of computer vision, towards effective and proactive crowd surv...
computer science
674
Can Pretrained Neural Networks Detect Anatomy?
cs.CV
Convolutional neural networks demonstrated outstanding empirical results in computer vision and speech recognition tasks where labeled training data is abundant. In medical imaging, there is a huge variety of possible imaging modalities and contrasts, where annotated data is usually very scarce. We present two approach...
computer science
675
Metaheuristic Algorithms for Convolution Neural Network
cs.CV
A typical modern optimization technique is usually either heuristic or metaheuristic. This technique has managed to solve some optimization problems in the research area of science, engineering, and industry. However, implementation strategy of metaheuristic for accuracy improvement on convolution neural networks (CNN)...
computer science
676
Hadamard Product for Low-rank Bilinear Pooling
cs.CV
Bilinear models provide rich representations compared with linear models. They have been applied in various visual tasks, such as object recognition, segmentation, and visual question-answering, to get state-of-the-art performances taking advantage of the expanded representations. However, bilinear representations tend...
computer science
677
Incremental Network Quantization: Towards Lossless CNNs with Low-Precision Weights
cs.CV
This paper presents incremental network quantization (INQ), a novel method, targeting to efficiently convert any pre-trained full-precision convolutional neural network (CNN) model into a low-precision version whose weights are constrained to be either powers of two or zero. Unlike existing methods which are struggled ...
computer science
678
LesionSeg: Semantic segmentation of skin lesions using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
cs.CV
We present a method for skin lesion segmentation for the ISIC 2017 Skin Lesion Segmentation Challenge. Our approach is based on a Fully Convolutional Network architecture which is trained end to end, from scratch, on a limited dataset. Our semantic segmentation architecture utilizes several recent innovations in partic...
computer science
679
Convolutional Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity based Feature Learning in Spiking Neural Networks
cs.NE
Brain-inspired learning models attempt to mimic the cortical architecture and computations performed in the neurons and synapses constituting the human brain to achieve its efficiency in cognitive tasks. In this work, we present convolutional spike timing dependent plasticity based feature learning with biologically pl...
computer science
680
Adversarial Transformation Networks: Learning to Generate Adversarial Examples
cs.NE
Multiple different approaches of generating adversarial examples have been proposed to attack deep neural networks. These approaches involve either directly computing gradients with respect to the image pixels, or directly solving an optimization on the image pixels. In this work, we present a fundamentally new method ...
computer science
681
Opening the Black Box of Financial AI with CLEAR-Trade: A CLass-Enhanced Attentive Response Approach for Explaining and Visualizing Deep Learning-Driven Stock Market Prediction
cs.AI
Deep learning has been shown to outperform traditional machine learning algorithms across a wide range of problem domains. However, current deep learning algorithms have been criticized as uninterpretable "black-boxes" which cannot explain their decision making processes. This is a major shortcoming that prevents the w...
computer science
682
Fast YOLO: A Fast You Only Look Once System for Real-time Embedded Object Detection in Video
cs.CV
Object detection is considered one of the most challenging problems in this field of computer vision, as it involves the combination of object classification and object localization within a scene. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been demonstrated to achieve superior object detection performance compared to ...
computer science
683
NeST: A Neural Network Synthesis Tool Based on a Grow-and-Prune Paradigm
cs.NE
Neural networks (NNs) have begun to have a pervasive impact on various applications of machine learning. However, the problem of finding an optimal NN architecture for large applications has remained open for several decades. Conventional approaches search for the optimal NN architecture through extensive trial-and-err...
computer science
684
Analysis of supervised and semi-supervised GrowCut applied to segmentation of masses in mammography images
cs.CV
Breast cancer is already one of the most common form of cancer worldwide. Mammography image analysis is still the most effective diagnostic method to promote the early detection of breast cancer. Accurately segmenting tumors in digital mammography images is important to improve diagnosis capabilities of health speciali...
computer science
685
Empirical Explorations in Training Networks with Discrete Activations
cs.NE
We present extensive experiments training and testing hidden units in deep networks that emit only a predefined, static, number of discretized values. These units provide benefits in real-world deployment in systems in which memory and/or computation may be limited. Additionally, they are particularly well suited for u...
computer science
686
Regularized Evolution for Image Classifier Architecture Search
cs.NE
The effort devoted to hand-crafting image classifiers has motivated the use of architecture search to discover them automatically. Reinforcement learning and evolution have both shown promise for this purpose. This study employs a regularized version of a popular asynchronous evolutionary algorithm. We rigorously compa...
computer science
687
Tiny SSD: A Tiny Single-shot Detection Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Real-time Embedded Object Detection
cs.CV
Object detection is a major challenge in computer vision, involving both object classification and object localization within a scene. While deep neural networks have been shown in recent years to yield very powerful techniques for tackling the challenge of object detection, one of the biggest challenges with enabling ...
computer science
688
Inferencing Based on Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations
cs.CV
Combining Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with encoders that learn to encode data points has shown promising results in learning data representations in an unsupervised way. We propose a framework that combines an encoder and a generator to learn disentangled representations which encode meaningful information a...
computer science
689
The Parameter-Less Self-Organizing Map algorithm
cs.NE
The Parameter-Less Self-Organizing Map (PLSOM) is a new neural network algorithm based on the Self-Organizing Map (SOM). It eliminates the need for a learning rate and annealing schemes for learning rate and neighbourhood size. We discuss the relative performance of the PLSOM and the SOM and demonstrate some tasks in w...
computer science
690
Simplified firefly algorithm for 2D image key-points search
cs.NE
In order to identify an object, human eyes firstly search the field of view for points or areas which have particular properties. These properties are used to recognise an image or an object. Then this process could be taken as a model to develop computer algorithms for images identification. This paper proposes the id...
computer science
691
Deep-Plant: Plant Identification with convolutional neural networks
cs.CV
This paper studies convolutional neural networks (CNN) to learn unsupervised feature representations for 44 different plant species, collected at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. To gain intuition on the chosen features from the CNN model (opposed to a 'black box' solution), a visualisation technique based on t...
computer science
692
Adapting Deep Network Features to Capture Psychological Representations
cs.CV
Deep neural networks have become increasingly successful at solving classic perception problems such as object recognition, semantic segmentation, and scene understanding, often reaching or surpassing human-level accuracy. This success is due in part to the ability of DNNs to learn useful representations of high-dimens...
computer science
693
Large-Scale Evolution of Image Classifiers
cs.NE
Neural networks have proven effective at solving difficult problems but designing their architectures can be challenging, even for image classification problems alone. Our goal is to minimize human participation, so we employ evolutionary algorithms to discover such networks automatically. Despite significant computati...
computer science
694
A Compact DNN: Approaching GoogLeNet-Level Accuracy of Classification and Domain Adaptation
cs.CV
Recently, DNN model compression based on network architecture design, e.g., SqueezeNet, attracted a lot attention. No accuracy drop on image classification is observed on these extremely compact networks, compared to well-known models. An emerging question, however, is whether these model compression techniques hurt DN...
computer science
695
Identifying Spatial Relations in Images using Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.AI
Traditional approaches to building a large scale knowledge graph have usually relied on extracting information (entities, their properties, and relations between them) from unstructured text (e.g. Dbpedia). Recent advances in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) allow us to shift our focus to learning entities and relat...
computer science
696
Hierarchical Attentive Recurrent Tracking
cs.CV
Class-agnostic object tracking is particularly difficult in cluttered environments as target specific discriminative models cannot be learned a priori. Inspired by how the human visual cortex employs spatial attention and separate "where" and "what" processing pathways to actively suppress irrelevant visual features, t...
computer science
697
PSIque: Next Sequence Prediction of Satellite Images using a Convolutional Sequence-to-Sequence Network
cs.CV
Predicting unseen weather phenomena is an important issue for disaster management. In this paper, we suggest a model for a convolutional sequence-to-sequence autoencoder for predicting undiscovered weather situations from previous satellite images. We also propose a symmetric skip connection between encoder and decoder...
computer science
698
Evaluation of Alzheimer's Disease by Analysis of MR Images using Multilayer Perceptrons and Kohonen SOM Classifiers as an Alternative to the ADC Maps
eess.IV
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, yet hard to diagnose precisely without invasive techniques, particularly at the onset of the disease. This work approaches image analysis and classification of synthetic multispectral images composed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) cerebral images ...
computer science
699
Neural tuning size is a key factor underlying holistic face processing
cs.AI
Faces are a class of visual stimuli with unique significance, for a variety of reasons. They are ubiquitous throughout the course of a person's life, and face recognition is crucial for daily social interaction. Faces are also unlike any other stimulus class in terms of certain physical stimulus characteristics. Furthe...
computer science