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4,200
Scene Text Eraser
cs.CV
The character information in natural scene images contains various personal information, such as telephone numbers, home addresses, etc. It is a high risk of leakage the information if they are published. In this paper, we proposed a scene text erasing method to properly hide the information via an inpainting convoluti...
computer science
4,201
Person Re-Identification by Deep Joint Learning of Multi-Loss Classification
cs.CV
Existing person re-identification (re-id) methods rely mostly on either localised or global feature representation alone. This ignores their joint benefit and mutual complementary effects. In this work, we show the advantages of jointly learning local and global features in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) by aimin...
computer science
4,202
Kernel Truncated Regression Representation for Robust Subspace Clustering
cs.CV
Subspace clustering aims to group data points into multiple clusters of which each corresponds to one subspace. Most existing subspace clustering methods assume that the data could be linearly represented with each other in the input space. In practice, however, this assumption is hard to be satisfied. To achieve nonli...
computer science
4,203
Learning to Represent Mechanics via Long-term Extrapolation and Interpolation
cs.CV
While the basic laws of Newtonian mechanics are well understood, explaining a physical scenario still requires manually modeling the problem with suitable equations and associated parameters. In order to adopt such models for artificial intelligence, researchers have handcrafted the relevant states, and then used neura...
computer science
4,204
Revisiting Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data in Deep Learning Era
cs.CV
The success of deep learning in vision can be attributed to: (a) models with high capacity; (b) increased computational power; and (c) availability of large-scale labeled data. Since 2012, there have been significant advances in representation capabilities of the models and computational capabilities of GPUs. But the s...
computer science
4,205
Detection, Recognition and Tracking of Moving Objects from Real-time Video via Visual Vocabulary Model and Species Inspired PSO
cs.CV
In this paper, we address the basic problem of recognizing moving objects in video images using Visual Vocabulary model and Bag of Words and track our object of interest in the subsequent video frames using species inspired PSO. Initially, the shadow free images are obtained by background modelling followed by foregrou...
computer science
4,206
Object Tracking based on Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization
cs.CV
In Computer Vision domain, moving Object Tracking considered as one of the toughest problem.As there so many factors associated like illumination of light, noise, occlusion, sudden start and stop of moving object, shading which makes tracking even harder problem not only for dynamic background but also for static backg...
computer science
4,207
An All-in-One Network for Dehazing and Beyond
cs.CV
This paper proposes an image dehazing model built with a convolutional neural network (CNN), called All-in-One Dehazing Network (AOD-Net). It is designed based on a re-formulated atmospheric scattering model. Instead of estimating the transmission matrix and the atmospheric light separately as most previous models did,...
computer science
4,208
Virtual PET Images from CT Data Using Deep Convolutional Networks: Initial Results
cs.CV
In this work we present a novel system for PET estimation using CT scans. We explore the use of fully convolutional networks (FCN) and conditional generative adversarial networks (GAN) to export PET data from CT data. Our dataset includes 25 pairs of PET and CT scans where 17 were used for training and 8 for testing. T...
computer science
4,209
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Face Recognition in Unlabeled Videos
cs.CV
Despite rapid advances in face recognition, there remains a clear gap between the performance of still image-based face recognition and video-based face recognition, due to the vast difference in visual quality between the domains and the difficulty of curating diverse large-scale video datasets. This paper addresses b...
computer science
4,210
Deep Binaries: Encoding Semantic-Rich Cues for Efficient Textual-Visual Cross Retrieval
cs.CV
Cross-modal hashing is usually regarded as an effective technique for large-scale textual-visual cross retrieval, where data from different modalities are mapped into a shared Hamming space for matching. Most of the traditional textual-visual binary encoding methods only consider holistic image representations and fail...
computer science
4,211
An automatic water detection approach based on Dempster-Shafer theory for multi spectral images
cs.AI
Detection of surface water in natural environment via multi-spectral imagery has been widely utilized in many fields, such land cover identification. However, due to the similarity of the spectra of water bodies, built-up areas, approaches based on high-resolution satellites sometimes confuse these features. A popular ...
computer science
4,212
Systematic Testing of Convolutional Neural Networks for Autonomous Driving
cs.CV
We present a framework to systematically analyze convolutional neural networks (CNNs) used in classification of cars in autonomous vehicles. Our analysis procedure comprises an image generator that produces synthetic pictures by sampling in a lower dimension image modification subspace and a suite of visualization tool...
computer science
4,213
Belief Tree Search for Active Object Recognition
cs.AI
Active Object Recognition (AOR) has been approached as an unsupervised learning problem, in which optimal trajectories for object inspection are not known and are to be discovered by reducing label uncertainty measures or training with reinforcement learning. Such approaches have no guarantees of the quality of their s...
computer science
4,214
Skip RNN: Learning to Skip State Updates in Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.AI
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) continue to show outstanding performance in sequence modeling tasks. However, training RNNs on long sequences often face challenges like slow inference, vanishing gradients and difficulty in capturing long term dependencies. In backpropagation through time settings, these issues are tig...
computer science
4,215
Non-linear Convolution Filters for CNN-based Learning
cs.CV
During the last years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in image classification. Their architectures have largely drawn inspiration by models of the primate visual system. However, while recent research results of neuroscience prove the existence of non-linear operations i...
computer science
4,216
Deep Belief Networks used on High Resolution Multichannel Electroencephalography Data for Seizure Detection
cs.CV
Ubiquitous bio-sensing for personalized health monitoring is slowly becoming a reality with the increasing availability of small, diverse, robust, high fidelity sensors. This oncoming flood of data begs the question of how we will extract useful information from it. In this paper we explore the use of a variety of repr...
computer science
4,217
A Deep Learning Approach for Population Estimation from Satellite Imagery
cs.AI
Knowing where people live is a fundamental component of many decision making processes such as urban development, infectious disease containment, evacuation planning, risk management, conservation planning, and more. While bottom-up, survey driven censuses can provide a comprehensive view into the population landscape ...
computer science
4,218
CLAD: A Complex and Long Activities Dataset with Rich Crowdsourced Annotations
cs.CV
This paper introduces a novel activity dataset which exhibits real-life and diverse scenarios of complex, temporally-extended human activities and actions. The dataset presents a set of videos of actors performing everyday activities in a natural and unscripted manner. The dataset was recorded using a static Kinect 2 s...
computer science
4,219
Embedding Deep Networks into Visual Explanations
cs.CV
In this paper, we propose a novel explanation module to explain the predictions made by deep learning. Explanation modules work by embedding a high-dimensional deep network layer nonlinearly into a low-dimensional explanation space, while retaining faithfulness in that the original deep learning predictions can be cons...
computer science
4,220
Scene-centric Joint Parsing of Cross-view Videos
cs.CV
Cross-view video understanding is an important yet under-explored area in computer vision. In this paper, we introduce a joint parsing framework that integrates view-centric proposals into scene-centric parse graphs that represent a coherent scene-centric understanding of cross-view scenes. Our key observations are tha...
computer science
4,221
A Causal And-Or Graph Model for Visibility Fluent Reasoning in Human-Object Interactions
cs.CV
Tracking humans that are interacting with the other subjects or environment remains unsolved in visual tracking, because the visibility of the human of interests in videos is unknown and might vary over times. In particular, it is still difficult for state-of-the-art human trackers to recover complete human trajectorie...
computer science
4,222
Direction-Aware Semi-Dense SLAM
cs.CV
To aide simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), future perception systems will incorporate forms of scene understanding. In a step towards fully integrated probabilistic geometric scene understanding, localization and mapping we propose the first direction-aware semi-dense SLAM system. It jointly infers the direc...
computer science
4,223
Open Source Dataset and Deep Learning Models for Online Digit Gesture Recognition on Touchscreens
cs.CV
This paper presents an evaluation of deep neural networks for recognition of digits entered by users on a smartphone touchscreen. A new large dataset of Arabic numerals was collected for training and evaluation of the network. The dataset consists of spatial and temporal touch data recorded for 80 digits entered by 260...
computer science
4,224
Semi-Supervised Hierarchical Semantic Object Parsing
cs.AI
Models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been proven very successful for semantic segmentation and object parsing that yield hierarchies of features. Our key insight is to build convolutional networks that take input of arbitrary size and produce object parsing output with efficient inference and learn...
computer science
4,225
Fine-grained Event Learning of Human-Object Interaction with LSTM-CRF
cs.CV
Event learning is one of the most important problems in AI. However, notwithstanding significant research efforts, it is still a very complex task, especially when the events involve the interaction of humans or agents with other objects, as it requires modeling human kinematics and object movements. This study propose...
computer science
4,226
Learning event representation: As sparse as possible, but not sparser
cs.CV
Selecting an optimal event representation is essential for event classification in real world contexts. In this paper, we investigate the application of qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) frameworks for classification of human-object interaction in three dimensional space, in comparison with the use of quantitative fe...
computer science
4,227
Learning Pose Grammar to Encode Human Body Configuration for 3D Pose Estimation
cs.CV
In this paper, we propose a pose grammar to tackle the problem of 3D human pose estimation. Our model directly takes 2D pose as input and learns a generalized 2D-3D mapping function. The proposed model consists of a base network which efficiently captures pose-aligned features and a hierarchy of Bi-directional RNNs (BR...
computer science
4,228
Classification Driven Dynamic Image Enhancement
cs.CV
Convolutional neural networks rely on image texture and structure to serve as discriminative features to classify the image content. Image enhancement techniques can be used as preprocessing steps to help improve the overall image quality and in turn improve the overall effectiveness of a CNN. Existing image enhancemen...
computer science
4,229
Investigating the feature collection for semantic segmentation via single skip connection
cs.CV
Since the study of deep convolutional neural network became prevalent, one of the important discoveries is that a feature map from a convolutional network can be extracted before going into the fully connected layer and can be used as a saliency map for object detection. Furthermore, the model can use features from eac...
computer science
4,230
Neural Stain-Style Transfer Learning using GAN for Histopathological Images
cs.CV
Performance of data-driven network for tumor classification varies with stain-style of histopathological images. This article proposes the stain-style transfer (SST) model based on conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) which is to learn not only the certain color distribution but also the corresponding his...
computer science
4,231
Left-Right Skip-DenseNets for Coarse-to-Fine Object Categorization
cs.CV
Inspired by the recent neuroscience studies on the left-right asymmetry of the brains in the low and high spatial frequency processing, we introduce a novel type of network -- the left-right skip-densenets for coarse-to-fine object categorization. This network can enable both coarse and fine-grained classification in a...
computer science
4,232
Exploiting Points and Lines in Regression Forests for RGB-D Camera Relocalization
cs.CV
Camera relocalization plays a vital role in many robotics and computer vision tasks, such as global localization, recovery from tracking failure and loop closure detection. Recent random forests based methods exploit randomly sampled pixel comparison features to predict 3D world locations for 2D image locations to guid...
computer science
4,233
SIMILARnet: Simultaneous Intelligent Localization and Recognition Network
cs.CV
Global Average Pooling (GAP) [4] has been used previously to generate class activation for image classification tasks. The motivation behind SIMILARnet comes from the fact that the convolutional filters possess position information of the essential features and hence, combination of the feature maps could help us locat...
computer science
4,234
Saliency Prediction for Mobile User Interfaces
cs.CV
We introduce models for saliency prediction for mobile user interfaces. A mobile interface may include elements like buttons, text, etc. in addition to natural images which enable performing a variety of tasks. Saliency in natural images is a well studied area. However, given the difference in what constitutes a mobile...
computer science
4,235
Arrhythmia Classification from the Abductive Interpretation of Short Single-Lead ECG Records
cs.AI
In this work we propose a new method for the rhythm classification of short single-lead ECG records, using a set of high-level and clinically meaningful features provided by the abductive interpretation of the records. These features include morphological and rhythm-related features that are used to build two classifie...
computer science
4,236
Saliency-based Sequential Image Attention with Multiset Prediction
cs.CV
Humans process visual scenes selectively and sequentially using attention. Central to models of human visual attention is the saliency map. We propose a hierarchical visual architecture that operates on a saliency map and uses a novel attention mechanism to sequentially focus on salient regions and take additional glim...
computer science
4,237
Fast Predictive Simple Geodesic Regression
cs.CV
Deformable image registration and regression are important tasks in medical image analysis. However, they are computationally expensive, especially when analyzing large-scale datasets that contain thousands of images. Hence, cluster computing is typically used, making the approaches dependent on such computational infr...
computer science
4,238
End-to-end 3D shape inverse rendering of different classes of objects from a single input image
cs.CV
In this paper a semi-supervised deep framework is proposed for the problem of 3D shape inverse rendering from a single 2D input image. The main structure of proposed framework consists of unsupervised pre-trained components which significantly reduce the need to labeled data for training the whole framework. using labe...
computer science
4,239
3D Reconstruction of Incomplete Archaeological Objects Using a Generative Adversarial Network
cs.CV
We introduce a data-driven approach to aid the repairing and conservation of archaeological objects: ORGAN, an object reconstruction generative adversarial network (GAN). By using an encoder-decoder 3D deep neural network on a GAN architecture, and combining two loss objectives: a completion loss and an Improved Wasser...
computer science
4,240
Dependent landmark drift: robust point set registration based on the Gaussian mixture model with a statistical shape model
cs.AI
The goal of point set registration is to find point-by-point correspondences between point sets, each of which characterizes the shape of an object. Because local preservation of object geometry is assumed, prevalent algorithms in the area can often elegantly solve the problems without using geometric information speci...
computer science
4,241
Parameter Reference Loss for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
cs.CV
The success of deep learning in computer vision is mainly attributed to an abundance of data. However, collecting large-scale data is not always possible, especially for the supervised labels. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to utilize labeled data from a source domain to learn a model that generalizes to a t...
computer science
4,242
A Recursive Bayesian Approach To Describe Retinal Vasculature Geometry
cs.CV
Demographic studies suggest that changes in the retinal vasculature geometry, especially in vessel width, are associated with the incidence or progression of eye-related or systemic diseases. To date, the main information source for width estimation from fundus images has been the intensity profile between vessel edges...
computer science
4,243
Improving Smiling Detection with Race and Gender Diversity
cs.CV
Recent progress in deep learning has been accompanied by a growing concern for whether models are fair for users, with equally good performance across different demographics. In computer vision research, such questions are relevant to face detection and the related task of face attribute detection, among others. We mea...
computer science
4,244
Discriminant Projection Representation-based Classification for Vision Recognition
cs.CV
Representation-based classification methods such as sparse representation-based classification (SRC) and linear regression classification (LRC) have attracted a lot of attentions. In order to obtain the better representation, a novel method called projection representation-based classification (PRC) is proposed for ima...
computer science
4,245
Dilated FCN for Multi-Agent 2D/3D Medical Image Registration
cs.CV
2D/3D image registration to align a 3D volume and 2D X-ray images is a challenging problem due to its ill-posed nature and various artifacts presented in 2D X-ray images. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent system with an auto attention mechanism for robust and efficient 2D/3D image registration. Specifically, an i...
computer science
4,246
A Novel Brain Decoding Method: a Correlation Network Framework for Revealing Brain Connections
cs.CV
Brain decoding is a hot spot in cognitive science, which focuses on reconstructing perceptual images from brain activities. Analyzing the correlations of collected data from human brain activities and representing activity patterns are two problems in brain decoding based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)...
computer science
4,247
Investigating the Impact of Data Volume and Domain Similarity on Transfer Learning Applications
cs.CV
Transfer Learning helps to build a system to recognize and apply knowledge and experience learned in previous tasks (source task) to new tasks or new domains (target task), which share some commonality. The two important factors that impact the performance of transfer learning models are: (a) the size of the target dat...
computer science
4,248
Deception Detection in Videos
cs.AI
We present a system for covert automated deception detection in real-life courtroom trial videos. We study the importance of different modalities like vision, audio and text for this task. On the vision side, our system uses classifiers trained on low level video features which predict human micro-expressions. We show ...
computer science
4,249
Learning Binary Residual Representations for Domain-specific Video Streaming
cs.CV
We study domain-specific video streaming. Specifically, we target a streaming setting where the videos to be streamed from a server to a client are all in the same domain and they have to be compressed to a small size for low-latency transmission. Several popular video streaming services, such as the video game streami...
computer science
4,250
CSGNet: Neural Shape Parser for Constructive Solid Geometry
cs.CV
We present a neural architecture that takes as input a 2D or 3D shape and induces a program to generate it. The in- structions in our program are based on constructive solid geometry principles, i.e., a set of boolean operations on shape primitives defined recursively. Bottom-up techniques for this task that rely on pr...
computer science
4,251
SLAC: A Sparsely Labeled Dataset for Action Classification and Localization
cs.CV
This paper describes a procedure for the creation of large-scale video datasets for action classification and localization from unconstrained, realistic web data. The scalability of the proposed procedure is demonstrated by building a novel video benchmark, named SLAC (Sparsely Labeled ACtions), consisting of over 520K...
computer science
4,252
Moments in Time Dataset: one million videos for event understanding
cs.CV
We present the Moments in Time Dataset, a large-scale human-annotated collection of one million short videos corresponding to dynamic events unfolding within three seconds. Modeling the spatial-audio-temporal dynamics even for actions occurring in 3 second videos poses many challenges: meaningful events do not include ...
computer science
4,253
Visualization of Hyperspectral Images Using Moving Least Squares
cs.CV
Displaying the large number of bands in a hyper spectral image on a trichromatic monitor has been an active research topic. The visualized image shall convey as much information as possible form the original data and facilitate image interpretation. Most existing methods display HSIs in false colors which contradict wi...
computer science
4,254
The Shape of Art History in the Eyes of the Machine
cs.AI
How does the machine classify styles in art? And how does it relate to art historians' methods for analyzing style? Several studies have shown the ability of the machine to learn and predict style categories, such as Renaissance, Baroque, Impressionism, etc., from images of paintings. This implies that the machine can ...
computer science
4,255
Game of Sketches: Deep Recurrent Models of Pictionary-style Word Guessing
cs.CV
The ability of intelligent agents to play games in human-like fashion is popularly considered a benchmark of progress in Artificial Intelligence. Similarly, performance on multi-disciplinary tasks such as Visual Question Answering (VQA) is considered a marker for gauging progress in Computer Vision. In our work, we bri...
computer science
4,256
Pose Flow: Efficient Online Pose Tracking
cs.CV
Multi-person articulated pose tracking in complex unconstrained videos is an important and challenging problem. In this paper, going along the road of top-down approaches, we propose a decent and efficient pose tracker based on pose flows. First, we design an online optimization framework to build association of cross-...
computer science
4,257
FixaTons: A collection of Human Fixations Datasets and Metrics for Scanpath Similarity
cs.AI
In the last three decades, human visual attention has been a topic of great interest in various disciplines. In computer vision, many models have been proposed to predict the distribution of human fixations on a visual input. Recently, thanks to the creation of large collections of data, machine learning algorithms hav...
computer science
4,258
PPFNet: Global Context Aware Local Features for Robust 3D Point Matching
cs.CV
We present PPFNet - Point Pair Feature NETwork for deeply learning a globally informed 3D local feature descriptor to find correspondences in unorganized point clouds. PPFNet learns local descriptors on pure geometry and is highly aware of the global context, an important cue in deep learning. Our 3D representation is ...
computer science
4,259
Slice Sampling Particle Belief Propagation
cs.CV
Inference in continuous label Markov random fields is a challenging task. We use particle belief propagation (PBP) for solving the inference problem in continuous label space. Sampling particles from the belief distribution is typically done by using Metropolis-Hastings Markov chain Monte Carlo methods which involves s...
computer science
4,260
Generative Adversarial Networks and Probabilistic Graph Models for Hyperspectral Image Classification
cs.CV
High spectral dimensionality and the shortage of annotations make hyperspectral image (HSI) classification a challenging problem. Recent studies suggest that convolutional neural networks can learn discriminative spatial features, which play a paramount role in HSI interpretation. However, most of these methods ignore ...
computer science
4,261
Abductive reasoning as the basis to reproduce expert criteria in ECG Atrial Fibrillation identification
cs.AI
Objective: This work aims at providing a new method for the automatic detection of atrial fibrillation, other arrhythmia and noise on short single lead ECG signals, emphasizing the importance of the interpretability of the classification results. Approach: A morphological and rhythm description of the cardiac behavio...
computer science
4,262
Exact and Consistent Interpretation for Piecewise Linear Neural Networks: A Closed Form Solution
cs.CV
Strong intelligent machines powered by deep neural networks are increasingly deployed as black boxes to make decisions in risk-sensitive domains, such as finance and medical. To reduce potential risk and build trust with users, it is critical to interpret how such machines make their decisions. Existing works interpret...
computer science
4,263
Divide, Denoise, and Defend against Adversarial Attacks
cs.CV
Deep neural networks, although shown to be a successful class of machine learning algorithms, are known to be extremely unstable to adversarial perturbations. Improving the robustness of neural networks against these attacks is important, especially for security-critical applications. To defend against such attacks, we...
computer science
4,264
Scale Optimization for Full-Image-CNN Vehicle Detection
cs.CV
Many state-of-the-art general object detection methods make use of shared full-image convolutional features (as in Faster R-CNN). This achieves a reasonable test-phase computation time while enjoys the discriminative power provided by large Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. Such designs excel on benchmarks whi...
computer science
4,265
Density Weighted Connectivity of Grass Pixels in Image Frames for Biomass Estimation
cs.CV
Accurate estimation of the biomass of roadside grasses plays a significant role in applications such as fire-prone region identification. Current solutions heavily depend on field surveys, remote sensing measurements and image processing using reference markers, which often demand big investments of time, effort and co...
computer science
4,266
Cross-Modality Synthesis from CT to PET using FCN and GAN Networks for Improved Automated Lesion Detection
cs.CV
In this work we present a novel system for generation of virtual PET images using CT scans. We combine a fully convolutional network (FCN) with a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate simulated PET data from given input CT data. The synthesized PET can be used for false-positive reduction in lesi...
computer science
4,267
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Complexity Perception Classification Algorithm
cs.CV
Facial expression recognition (FER) has always been a challenging issue in computer vision. The different expressions of emotion and uncontrolled environmental factors lead to inconsistencies in the complexity of FER and variability of between expression categories, which is often overlooked in most facial expression r...
computer science
4,268
Tongue image constitution recognition based on Complexity Perception method
cs.CV
Background and Object: In China, body constitution is highly related to physiological and pathological functions of human body and determines the tendency of the disease, which is of great importance for treatment in clinical medicine. Tongue diagnosis, as a key part of Traditional Chinese Medicine inspection, is an im...
computer science
4,269
Multi-Instance Dynamic Ordinal Random Fields for Weakly-supervised Facial Behavior Analysis
cs.CV
We propose a Multi-Instance-Learning (MIL) approach for weakly-supervised learning problems, where a training set is formed by bags (sets of feature vectors or instances) and only labels at bag-level are provided. Specifically, we consider the Multi-Instance Dynamic-Ordinal-Regression (MI-DOR) setting, where the instan...
computer science
4,270
Cooperative Starting Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Convolutional Neural Networks and a Boosted Stacking Ensemble
cs.CV
In future, vehicles and other traffic participants will be interconnected and equipped with various types of sensors, allowing for cooperation on different levels, such as situation prediction or intention detection. In this article we present a cooperative approach for starting movement detection of cyclists using a b...
computer science
4,271
Learning to recognize Abnormalities in Chest X-Rays with Location-Aware Dense Networks
cs.CV
Chest X-ray is the most common medical imaging exam used to assess multiple pathologies. Automated algorithms and tools have the potential to support the reading workflow, improve efficiency, and reduce reading errors. With the availability of large scale data sets, several methods have been proposed to classify pathol...
computer science
4,272
Knowledge-based Recurrent Attentive Neural Network for Traffic Sign Detection
cs.CV
Accurate Traffic Sign Detection (TSD) can help drivers make better decision according to the traffic regulations. TSD, regarded as a typical small object detection problem in some way, is fundamental in the field of self-driving and advanced driver assistance systems. However, small object detection is still an open qu...
computer science
4,273
IntPhys: A Framework and Benchmark for Visual Intuitive Physics Reasoning
cs.AI
In order to reach human performance on complex visual tasks, artificial systems need to incorporate a significant amount of understanding of the world in terms of macroscopic objects, movements, forces, etc. Inspired by work on intuitive physics in infants, we propose an evaluation framework which diagnoses how much a ...
computer science
4,274
Evolutionary design of photometric systems and its application to Gaia
cs.NE
Designing a photometric system to best fulfil a set of scientific goals is a complex task, demanding a compromise between conflicting requirements and subject to various constraints. A specific example is the determination of stellar astrophysical parameters (APs) - effective temperature, metallicity etc. - across a wi...
computer science
4,275
Dimensionally Constrained Symbolic Regression
stat.ML
We describe dimensionally constrained symbolic regression which has been developed for mass measurement in certain classes of events in high-energy physics (HEP). With symbolic regression, we can derive equations that are well known in HEP. However, in problems with large number of variables, we find that by constraini...
computer science
4,276
An estimation of distribution algorithm with adaptive Gibbs sampling for unconstrained global optimization
cs.NE
In this paper is proposed a new heuristic approach belonging to the field of evolutionary Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs). EDAs builds a probability model and a set of solutions is sampled from the model which characterizes the distribution of such solutions. The main framework of the proposed method is an...
computer science
4,277
A Hebbian/Anti-Hebbian Neural Network for Linear Subspace Learning: A Derivation from Multidimensional Scaling of Streaming Data
cs.NE
Neural network models of early sensory processing typically reduce the dimensionality of streaming input data. Such networks learn the principal subspace, in the sense of principal component analysis (PCA), by adjusting synaptic weights according to activity-dependent learning rules. When derived from a principled cost...
computer science
4,278
A Hebbian/Anti-Hebbian Network Derived from Online Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Can Cluster and Discover Sparse Features
cs.NE
Despite our extensive knowledge of biophysical properties of neurons, there is no commonly accepted algorithmic theory of neuronal function. Here we explore the hypothesis that single-layer neuronal networks perform online symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) of the similarity matrix of the streamed data. ...
computer science
4,279
A Hebbian/Anti-Hebbian Network for Online Sparse Dictionary Learning Derived from Symmetric Matrix Factorization
cs.NE
Olshausen and Field (OF) proposed that neural computations in the primary visual cortex (V1) can be partially modeled by sparse dictionary learning. By minimizing the regularized representation error they derived an online algorithm, which learns Gabor-filter receptive fields from a natural image ensemble in agreement ...
computer science
4,280
A State Space Approach for Piecewise-Linear Recurrent Neural Networks for Reconstructing Nonlinear Dynamics from Neural Measurements
cs.NE
The computational properties of neural systems are often thought to be implemented in terms of their network dynamics. Hence, recovering the system dynamics from experimentally observed neuronal time series, like multiple single-unit (MSU) recordings or neuroimaging data, is an important step toward understanding its c...
computer science
4,281
Unsupervised Learning through Prediction in a Model of Cortex
cs.NE
We propose a primitive called PJOIN, for "predictive join," which combines and extends the operations JOIN and LINK, which Valiant proposed as the basis of a computational theory of cortex. We show that PJOIN can be implemented in Valiant's model. We also show that, using PJOIN, certain reasonably complex learning and ...
computer science
4,282
Solving the G-problems in less than 500 iterations: Improved efficient constrained optimization by surrogate modeling and adaptive parameter control
math.OC
Constrained optimization of high-dimensional numerical problems plays an important role in many scientific and industrial applications. Function evaluations in many industrial applications are severely limited and no analytical information about objective function and constraint functions is available. For such expensi...
computer science
4,283
Data-Driven Dynamic Decision Models
stat.ML
This article outlines a method for automatically generating models of dynamic decision-making that both have strong predictive power and are interpretable in human terms. This is useful for designing empirically grounded agent-based simulations and for gaining direct insight into observed dynamic processes. We use an e...
computer science
4,284
Finding Approximate Local Minima Faster than Gradient Descent
math.OC
We design a non-convex second-order optimization algorithm that is guaranteed to return an approximate local minimum in time which scales linearly in the underlying dimension and the number of training examples. The time complexity of our algorithm to find an approximate local minimum is even faster than that of gradie...
computer science
4,285
Dynamic Mortality Risk Predictions in Pediatric Critical Care Using Recurrent Neural Networks
stat.ML
Viewing the trajectory of a patient as a dynamical system, a recurrent neural network was developed to learn the course of patient encounters in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a major tertiary care center. Data extracted from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of about 12000 patients who were admitted to the...
computer science
4,286
Robustness from structure: Inference with hierarchical spiking networks on analog neuromorphic hardware
cs.NE
How spiking networks are able to perform probabilistic inference is an intriguing question, not only for understanding information processing in the brain, but also for transferring these computational principles to neuromorphic silicon circuits. A number of computationally powerful spiking network models have been pro...
computer science
4,287
Pattern representation and recognition with accelerated analog neuromorphic systems
cs.NE
Despite being originally inspired by the central nervous system, artificial neural networks have diverged from their biological archetypes as they have been remodeled to fit particular tasks. In this paper, we review several possibilites to reverse map these architectures to biologically more realistic spiking networks...
computer science
4,288
SIM-CE: An Advanced Simulink Platform for Studying the Brain of Caenorhabditis elegans
cs.NE
We introduce SIM-CE, an advanced, user-friendly modeling and simulation environment in Simulink for performing multi-scale behavioral analysis of the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). SIM-CE contains an implementation of the mathematical models of C. elegans's neurons and synapses, in Simulink, whi...
computer science
4,289
A Probabilistic Linear Genetic Programming with Stochastic Context-Free Grammar for solving Symbolic Regression problems
cs.NE
Traditional Linear Genetic Programming (LGP) algorithms are based only on the selection mechanism to guide the search. Genetic operators combine or mutate random portions of the individuals, without knowing if the result will lead to a fitter individual. Probabilistic Model Building Genetic Programming (PMB-GP) methods...
computer science
4,290
A Digital Neuromorphic Architecture Efficiently Facilitating Complex Synaptic Response Functions Applied to Liquid State Machines
cs.NE
Information in neural networks is represented as weighted connections, or synapses, between neurons. This poses a problem as the primary computational bottleneck for neural networks is the vector-matrix multiply when inputs are multiplied by the neural network weights. Conventional processing architectures are not well...
computer science
4,291
Bayesian Belief Updating of Spatiotemporal Seizure Dynamics
stat.ML
Epileptic seizure activity shows complicated dynamics in both space and time. To understand the evolution and propagation of seizures spatially extended sets of data need to be analysed. We have previously described an efficient filtering scheme using variational Laplace that can be used in the Dynamic Causal Modelling...
computer science
4,292
Spatio-Temporal Backpropagation for Training High-performance Spiking Neural Networks
cs.NE
Compared with artificial neural networks (ANNs), spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising to explore the brain-like behaviors since the spikes could encode more spatio-temporal information. Although pre-training from ANN or direct training based on backpropagation (BP) makes the supervised training of SNNs possible...
computer science
4,293
When Neurons Fail
stat.ML
We view a neural network as a distributed system of which neurons can fail independently, and we evaluate its robustness in the absence of any (recovery) learning phase. We give tight bounds on the number of neurons that can fail without harming the result of a computation. To determine our bounds, we leverage the fact...
computer science
4,294
Modeling Label Ambiguity for Neural List-Wise Learning to Rank
cs.IR
List-wise learning to rank methods are considered to be the state-of-the-art. One of the major problems with these methods is that the ambiguous nature of relevance labels in learning to rank data is ignored. Ambiguity of relevance labels refers to the phenomenon that multiple documents may be assigned the same relevan...
computer science
4,295
Training Spiking Neural Networks for Cognitive Tasks: A Versatile Framework Compatible to Various Temporal Codes
cs.NE
Conventional modeling approaches have found limitations in matching the increasingly detailed neural network structures and dynamics recorded in experiments to the diverse brain functionalities. On another approach, studies have demonstrated to train spiking neural networks for simple functions using supervised learnin...
computer science
4,296
Cortical microcircuits as gated-recurrent neural networks
cs.NE
Cortical circuits exhibit intricate recurrent architectures that are remarkably similar across different brain areas. Such stereotyped structure suggests the existence of common computational principles. However, such principles have remained largely elusive. Inspired by gated-memory networks, namely long short-term me...
computer science
4,297
A relativistic extension of Hopfield neural networks via the mechanical analogy
cs.NE
We propose a modification of the cost function of the Hopfield model whose salient features shine in its Taylor expansion and result in more than pairwise interactions with alternate signs, suggesting a unified framework for handling both with deep learning and network pruning. In our analysis, we heavily rely on the H...
computer science
4,298
Generative Models for Stochastic Processes Using Convolutional Neural Networks
stat.ML
The present paper aims to demonstrate the usage of Convolutional Neural Networks as a generative model for stochastic processes, enabling researchers from a wide range of fields (such as quantitative finance and physics) to develop a general tool for forecasts and simulations without the need to identify/assume a speci...
computer science
4,299
On the information in spike timing: neural codes derived from polychronous groups
cs.NE
There is growing evidence regarding the importance of spike timing in neural information processing, with even a small number of spikes carrying information, but computational models lag significantly behind those for rate coding. Experimental evidence on neuronal behavior is consistent with the dynamical and state dep...
computer science