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9,801
Refining Recency Search Results with User Click Feedback
cs.IR
Traditional machine-learned ranking systems for web search are often trained to capture stationary relevance of documents to queries, which has limited ability to track non-stationary user intention in a timely manner. In recency search, for instance, the relevance of documents to a query on breaking news often changes...
computer science
9,802
Learning Equilibria with Partial Information in Decentralized Wireless Networks
cs.LG
In this article, a survey of several important equilibrium concepts for decentralized networks is presented. The term decentralized is used here to refer to scenarios where decisions (e.g., choosing a power allocation policy) are taken autonomously by devices interacting with each other (e.g., through mutual interferen...
computer science
9,803
Learning RoboCup-Keepaway with Kernels
cs.AI
We apply kernel-based methods to solve the difficult reinforcement learning problem of 3vs2 keepaway in RoboCup simulated soccer. Key challenges in keepaway are the high-dimensionality of the state space (rendering conventional discretization-based function approximation like tilecoding infeasible), the stochasticity d...
computer science
9,804
Learning, Social Intelligence and the Turing Test - why an "out-of-the-box" Turing Machine will not pass the Turing Test
cs.AI
The Turing Test (TT) checks for human intelligence, rather than any putative general intelligence. It involves repeated interaction requiring learning in the form of adaption to the human conversation partner. It is a macro-level post-hoc test in contrast to the definition of a Turing Machine (TM), which is a prior mic...
computer science
9,805
Objective Function Designing Led by User Preferences Acquisition
cs.LG
Many real world problems can be defined as optimisation problems in which the aim is to maximise an objective function. The quality of obtained solution is directly linked to the pertinence of the used objective function. However, designing such function, which has to translate the user needs, is usually fastidious. In...
computer science
9,806
Optimized Look-Ahead Tree Policies: A Bridge Between Look-Ahead Tree Policies and Direct Policy Search
cs.SY
Direct policy search (DPS) and look-ahead tree (LT) policies are two widely used classes of techniques to produce high performance policies for sequential decision-making problems. To make DPS approaches work well, one crucial issue is to select an appropriate space of parameterized policies with respect to the targete...
computer science
9,807
Learning implicitly in reasoning in PAC-Semantics
cs.AI
We consider the problem of answering queries about formulas of propositional logic based on background knowledge partially represented explicitly as other formulas, and partially represented as partially obscured examples independently drawn from a fixed probability distribution, where the queries are answered with res...
computer science
9,808
Submodularity in Batch Active Learning and Survey Problems on Gaussian Random Fields
cs.LG
Many real-world datasets can be represented in the form of a graph whose edge weights designate similarities between instances. A discrete Gaussian random field (GRF) model is a finite-dimensional Gaussian process (GP) whose prior covariance is the inverse of a graph Laplacian. Minimizing the trace of the predictive co...
computer science
9,809
Decayed MCMC Filtering
cs.AI
Filtering---estimating the state of a partially observable Markov process from a sequence of observations---is one of the most widely studied problems in control theory, AI, and computational statistics. Exact computation of the posterior distribution is generally intractable for large discrete systems and for nonlinea...
computer science
9,810
An MDP-based Recommender System
cs.LG
Typical Recommender systems adopt a static view of the recommendation process and treat it as a prediction problem. We argue that it is more appropriate to view the problem of generating recommendations as a sequential decision problem and, consequently, that Markov decision processes (MDP) provide a more appropriate m...
computer science
9,811
Using Temporal Data for Making Recommendations
cs.IR
We treat collaborative filtering as a univariate time series estimation problem: given a user's previous votes, predict the next vote. We describe two families of methods for transforming data to encode time order in ways amenable to off-the-shelf classification and density estimation tools, and examine the results of ...
computer science
9,812
BliStr: The Blind Strategymaker
cs.AI
BliStr is a system that automatically develops strategies for E prover on a large set of problems. The main idea is to interleave (i) iterated low-timelimit local search for new strategies on small sets of similar easy problems with (ii) higher-timelimit evaluation of the new strategies on all problems. The accumulated...
computer science
9,813
Rao-Blackwellised Particle Filtering for Dynamic Bayesian Networks
cs.LG
Particle filters (PFs) are powerful sampling-based inference/learning algorithms for dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). They allow us to treat, in a principled way, any type of probability distribution, nonlinearity and non-stationarity. They have appeared in several fields under such names as "condensation", "sequentia...
computer science
9,814
Dependency Networks for Collaborative Filtering and Data Visualization
cs.AI
We describe a graphical model for probabilistic relationships---an alternative to the Bayesian network---called a dependency network. The graph of a dependency network, unlike a Bayesian network, is potentially cyclic. The probability component of a dependency network, like a Bayesian network, is a set of conditional d...
computer science
9,815
Pattern Matching for Self- Tuning of MapReduce Jobs
cs.DC
In this paper, we study CPU utilization time patterns of several MapReduce applications. After extracting running patterns of several applications, they are saved in a reference database to be later used to tweak system parameters to efficiently execute unknown applications in future. To achieve this goal, CPU utilizat...
computer science
9,816
Recycling Proof Patterns in Coq: Case Studies
cs.AI
Development of Interactive Theorem Provers has led to the creation of big libraries and varied infrastructures for formal proofs. However, despite (or perhaps due to) their sophistication, the re-use of libraries by non-experts or across domains is a challenge. In this paper, we provide detailed case studies and evalua...
computer science
9,817
Parallel Computation Is ESS
cs.LG
There are enormous amount of examples of Computation in nature, exemplified across multiple species in biology. One crucial aim for these computations across all life forms their ability to learn and thereby increase the chance of their survival. In the current paper a formal definition of autonomous learning is propos...
computer science
9,818
Inference and learning in probabilistic logic programs using weighted Boolean formulas
cs.AI
Probabilistic logic programs are logic programs in which some of the facts are annotated with probabilities. This paper investigates how classical inference and learning tasks known from the graphical model community can be tackled for probabilistic logic programs. Several such tasks such as computing the marginals giv...
computer science
9,819
Policy Search: Any Local Optimum Enjoys a Global Performance Guarantee
cs.LG
Local Policy Search is a popular reinforcement learning approach for handling large state spaces. Formally, it searches locally in a paramet erized policy space in order to maximize the associated value function averaged over some predefined distribution. It is probably commonly b elieved that the best one can hope in ...
computer science
9,820
Galerkin Methods for Complementarity Problems and Variational Inequalities
cs.LG
Complementarity problems and variational inequalities arise in a wide variety of areas, including machine learning, planning, game theory, and physical simulation. In all of these areas, to handle large-scale problem instances, we need fast approximate solution methods. One promising idea is Galerkin approximation, in ...
computer science
9,821
Synthesizing Manipulation Sequences for Under-Specified Tasks using Unrolled Markov Random Fields
cs.RO
Many tasks in human environments require performing a sequence of navigation and manipulation steps involving objects. In unstructured human environments, the location and configuration of the objects involved often change in unpredictable ways. This requires a high-level planning strategy that is robust and flexible i...
computer science
9,822
Design of an Agent for Answering Back in Smart Phones
cs.AI
The objective of the paper is to design an agent which provides efficient response to the caller when a call goes unanswered in smartphones. The agent provides responses through text messages, email etc stating the most likely reason as to why the callee is unable to answer a call. Responses are composed taking into co...
computer science
9,823
The many faces of optimism - Extended version
cs.AI
The exploration-exploitation dilemma has been an intriguing and unsolved problem within the framework of reinforcement learning. "Optimism in the face of uncertainty" and model building play central roles in advanced exploration methods. Here, we integrate several concepts and obtain a fast and simple algorithm. We sho...
computer science
9,824
The use of entropy to measure structural diversity
cs.LG
In this paper entropy based methods are compared and used to measure structural diversity of an ensemble of 21 classifiers. This measure is mostly applied in ecology, whereby species counts are used as a measure of diversity. The measures used were Shannon entropy, Simpsons and the Berger Parker diversity indexes. As t...
computer science
9,825
Quantum reinforcement learning
cs.AI
The key approaches for machine learning, especially learning in unknown probabilistic environments are new representations and computation mechanisms. In this paper, a novel quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) method is proposed by combining quantum theory and reinforcement learning (RL). Inspired by the state superpo...
computer science
9,826
A Novel Clustering Algorithm Based on a Modified Model of Random Walk
cs.LG
We introduce a modified model of random walk, and then develop two novel clustering algorithms based on it. In the algorithms, each data point in a dataset is considered as a particle which can move at random in space according to the preset rules in the modified model. Further, this data point may be also viewed as a ...
computer science
9,827
On the Possibility of Learning in Reactive Environments with Arbitrary Dependence
cs.LG
We address the problem of reinforcement learning in which observations may exhibit an arbitrary form of stochastic dependence on past observations and actions, i.e. environments more general than (PO)MDPs. The task for an agent is to attain the best possible asymptotic reward where the true generating environment is un...
computer science
9,828
A Monte Carlo AIXI Approximation
cs.AI
This paper introduces a principled approach for the design of a scalable general reinforcement learning agent. Our approach is based on a direct approximation of AIXI, a Bayesian optimality notion for general reinforcement learning agents. Previously, it has been unclear whether the theory of AIXI could motivate the de...
computer science
9,829
Lower Bounds for BMRM and Faster Rates for Training SVMs
cs.LG
Regularized risk minimization with the binary hinge loss and its variants lies at the heart of many machine learning problems. Bundle methods for regularized risk minimization (BMRM) and the closely related SVMStruct are considered the best general purpose solvers to tackle this problem. It was recently shown that BMRM...
computer science
9,830
Abstraction Super-structuring Normal Forms: Towards a Theory of Structural Induction
cs.AI
Induction is the process by which we obtain predictive laws or theories or models of the world. We consider the structural aspect of induction. We answer the question as to whether we can find a finite and minmalistic set of operations on structural elements in terms of which any theory can be expressed. We identify ab...
computer science
9,831
Text Classification: A Sequential Reading Approach
cs.AI
We propose to model the text classification process as a sequential decision process. In this process, an agent learns to classify documents into topics while reading the document sentences sequentially and learns to stop as soon as enough information was read for deciding. The proposed algorithm is based on a modelisa...
computer science
9,832
Normative design using inductive learning
cs.LO
In this paper we propose a use-case-driven iterative design methodology for normative frameworks, also called virtual institutions, which are used to govern open systems. Our computational model represents the normative framework as a logic program under answer set semantics (ASP). By means of an inductive logic progra...
computer science
9,833
Loop corrections for approximate inference
cs.AI
We propose a method for improving approximate inference methods that corrects for the influence of loops in the graphical model. The method is applicable to arbitrary factor graphs, provided that the size of the Markov blankets is not too large. It is an alternative implementation of an idea introduced recently by Mont...
computer science
9,834
Approximation of the Two-Part MDL Code
cs.LG
Approximation of the optimal two-part MDL code for given data, through successive monotonically length-decreasing two-part MDL codes, has the following properties: (i) computation of each step may take arbitrarily long; (ii) we may not know when we reach the optimum, or whether we will reach the optimum at all; (iii) t...
computer science
9,835
Feature Markov Decision Processes
cs.AI
General purpose intelligent learning agents cycle through (complex,non-MDP) sequences of observations, actions, and rewards. On the other hand, reinforcement learning is well-developed for small finite state Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). So far it is an art performed by human designers to extract the right state re...
computer science
9,836
Feature Dynamic Bayesian Networks
cs.AI
Feature Markov Decision Processes (PhiMDPs) are well-suited for learning agents in general environments. Nevertheless, unstructured (Phi)MDPs are limited to relatively simple environments. Structured MDPs like Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) are used for large-scale real-world problems. In this article I extend PhiMDP...
computer science
9,837
Efficiently Learning a Detection Cascade with Sparse Eigenvectors
cs.MM
In this work, we first show that feature selection methods other than boosting can also be used for training an efficient object detector. In particular, we introduce Greedy Sparse Linear Discriminant Analysis (GSLDA) \cite{Moghaddam2007Fast} for its conceptual simplicity and computational efficiency; and slightly bett...
computer science
9,838
Time manipulation technique for speeding up reinforcement learning in simulations
cs.AI
A technique for speeding up reinforcement learning algorithms by using time manipulation is proposed. It is applicable to failure-avoidance control problems running in a computer simulation. Turning the time of the simulation backwards on failure events is shown to speed up the learning by 260% and improve the state sp...
computer science
9,839
Feature Reinforcement Learning: Part I: Unstructured MDPs
cs.LG
General-purpose, intelligent, learning agents cycle through sequences of observations, actions, and rewards that are complex, uncertain, unknown, and non-Markovian. On the other hand, reinforcement learning is well-developed for small finite state Markov decision processes (MDPs). Up to now, extracting the right state ...
computer science
9,840
Open Problems in Universal Induction & Intelligence
cs.AI
Specialized intelligent systems can be found everywhere: finger print, handwriting, speech, and face recognition, spam filtering, chess and other game programs, robots, et al. This decade the first presumably complete mathematical theory of artificial intelligence based on universal induction-prediction-decision-action...
computer science
9,841
Near-Optimal Bayesian Active Learning with Noisy Observations
cs.LG
We tackle the fundamental problem of Bayesian active learning with noise, where we need to adaptively select from a number of expensive tests in order to identify an unknown hypothesis sampled from a known prior distribution. In the case of noise-free observations, a greedy algorithm called generalized binary search (G...
computer science
9,842
Analysing the behaviour of robot teams through relational sequential pattern mining
cs.AI
This report outlines the use of a relational representation in a Multi-Agent domain to model the behaviour of the whole system. A desired property in this systems is the ability of the team members to work together to achieve a common goal in a cooperative manner. The aim is to define a systematic method to verify the ...
computer science
9,843
Dyna-H: a heuristic planning reinforcement learning algorithm applied to role-playing-game strategy decision systems
cs.AI
In a Role-Playing Game, finding optimal trajectories is one of the most important tasks. In fact, the strategy decision system becomes a key component of a game engine. Determining the way in which decisions are taken (online, batch or simulated) and the consumed resources in decision making (e.g. execution time, memor...
computer science
9,844
Active Markov Information-Theoretic Path Planning for Robotic Environmental Sensing
cs.LG
Recent research in multi-robot exploration and mapping has focused on sampling environmental fields, which are typically modeled using the Gaussian process (GP). Existing information-theoretic exploration strategies for learning GP-based environmental field maps adopt the non-Markovian problem structure and consequentl...
computer science
9,845
Revisiting the Training of Logic Models of Protein Signaling Networks with a Formal Approach based on Answer Set Programming
cs.AI
A fundamental question in systems biology is the construction and training to data of mathematical models. Logic formalisms have become very popular to model signaling networks because their simplicity allows us to model large systems encompassing hundreds of proteins. An approach to train (Boolean) logic models to hig...
computer science
9,846
ET-LDA: Joint Topic Modeling For Aligning, Analyzing and Sensemaking of Public Events and Their Twitter Feeds
cs.LG
Social media channels such as Twitter have emerged as popular platforms for crowds to respond to public events such as speeches, sports and debates. While this promises tremendous opportunities to understand and make sense of the reception of an event from the social media, the promises come entwined with significant t...
computer science
9,847
Learning Onto-Relational Rules with Inductive Logic Programming
cs.AI
Rules complement and extend ontologies on the Semantic Web. We refer to these rules as onto-relational since they combine DL-based ontology languages and Knowledge Representation formalisms supporting the relational data model within the tradition of Logic Programming and Deductive Databases. Rule authoring is a very d...
computer science
9,848
Inferring Strategies from Limited Reconnaissance in Real-time Strategy Games
cs.AI
In typical real-time strategy (RTS) games, enemy units are visible only when they are within sight range of a friendly unit. Knowledge of an opponent's disposition is limited to what can be observed through scouting. Information is costly, since units dedicated to scouting are unavailable for other purposes, and the en...
computer science
9,849
PlanIt: A Crowdsourcing Approach for Learning to Plan Paths from Large Scale Preference Feedback
cs.RO
We consider the problem of learning user preferences over robot trajectories for environments rich in objects and humans. This is challenging because the criterion defining a good trajectory varies with users, tasks and interactions in the environment. We represent trajectory preferences using a cost function that the ...
computer science
9,850
EigenEvent: An Algorithm for Event Detection from Complex Data Streams in Syndromic Surveillance
cs.AI
Syndromic surveillance systems continuously monitor multiple pre-diagnostic daily streams of indicators from different regions with the aim of early detection of disease outbreaks. The main objective of these systems is to detect outbreaks hours or days before the clinical and laboratory confirmation. The type of data ...
computer science
9,851
Semi-Separable Hamiltonian Monte Carlo for Inference in Bayesian Hierarchical Models
stat.CO
Sampling from hierarchical Bayesian models is often difficult for MCMC methods, because of the strong correlations between the model parameters and the hyperparameters. Recent Riemannian manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (RMHMC) methods have significant potential advantages in this setting, but are computationally expen...
computer science
9,852
Exact Decoding on Latent Variable Conditional Models is NP-Hard
cs.AI
Latent variable conditional models, including the latent conditional random fields as a special case, are popular models for many natural language processing and vision processing tasks. The computational complexity of the exact decoding/inference in latent conditional random fields is unclear. In this paper, we try to...
computer science
9,853
Latent Semantic Learning with Structured Sparse Representation for Human Action Recognition
cs.MM
This paper proposes a novel latent semantic learning method for extracting high-level features (i.e. latent semantics) from a large vocabulary of abundant mid-level features (i.e. visual keywords) with structured sparse representation, which can help to bridge the semantic gap in the challenging task of human action re...
computer science
9,854
kLog: A Language for Logical and Relational Learning with Kernels
cs.AI
We introduce kLog, a novel approach to statistical relational learning. Unlike standard approaches, kLog does not represent a probability distribution directly. It is rather a language to perform kernel-based learning on expressive logical and relational representations. kLog allows users to specify learning problems d...
computer science
9,855
Online Structured Prediction via Coactive Learning
cs.LG
We propose Coactive Learning as a model of interaction between a learning system and a human user, where both have the common goal of providing results of maximum utility to the user. At each step, the system (e.g. search engine) receives a context (e.g. query) and predicts an object (e.g. ranking). The user responds b...
computer science
9,856
Diagnosing client faults using SVM-based intelligent inference from TCP packet traces
cs.NI
We present the Intelligent Automated Client Diagnostic (IACD) system, which only relies on inference from Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) packet traces for rapid diagnosis of client device problems that cause network performance issues. Using soft-margin Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers, the system (i) dist...
computer science
9,857
On When and How to use SAT to Mine Frequent Itemsets
cs.AI
A new stream of research was born in the last decade with the goal of mining itemsets of interest using Constraint Programming (CP). This has promoted a natural way to combine complex constraints in a highly flexible manner. Although CP state-of-the-art solutions formulate the task using Boolean variables, the few atte...
computer science
9,858
GURLS: a Least Squares Library for Supervised Learning
cs.LG
We present GURLS, a least squares, modular, easy-to-extend software library for efficient supervised learning. GURLS is targeted to machine learning practitioners, as well as non-specialists. It offers a number state-of-the-art training strategies for medium and large-scale learning, and routines for efficient model se...
computer science
9,859
BayesOpt: A Library for Bayesian optimization with Robotics Applications
cs.RO
The purpose of this paper is twofold. On one side, we present a general framework for Bayesian optimization and we compare it with some related fields in active learning and Bayesian numerical analysis. On the other hand, Bayesian optimization and related problems (bandits, sequential experimental design) are highly de...
computer science
9,860
On the Robustness of Temporal Properties for Stochastic Models
cs.LO
Stochastic models such as Continuous-Time Markov Chains (CTMC) and Stochastic Hybrid Automata (SHA) are powerful formalisms to model and to reason about the dynamics of biological systems, due to their ability to capture the stochasticity inherent in biological processes. A classical question in formal modelling with c...
computer science
9,861
Decision Trees for Function Evaluation - Simultaneous Optimization of Worst and Expected Cost
cs.DS
In several applications of automatic diagnosis and active learning a central problem is the evaluation of a discrete function by adaptively querying the values of its variables until the values read uniquely determine the value of the function. In general, the process of reading the value of a variable might involve so...
computer science
9,862
Temporal-Difference Learning to Assist Human Decision Making during the Control of an Artificial Limb
cs.AI
In this work we explore the use of reinforcement learning (RL) to help with human decision making, combining state-of-the-art RL algorithms with an application to prosthetics. Managing human-machine interaction is a problem of considerable scope, and the simplification of human-robot interfaces is especially important ...
computer science
9,863
Treedy: A Heuristic for Counting and Sampling Subsets
cs.DS
Consider a collection of weighted subsets of a ground set N. Given a query subset Q of N, how fast can one (1) find the weighted sum over all subsets of Q, and (2) sample a subset of Q proportionally to the weights? We present a tree-based greedy heuristic, Treedy, that for a given positive tolerance d answers such cou...
computer science
9,864
Margins, Kernels and Non-linear Smoothed Perceptrons
cs.LG
We focus on the problem of finding a non-linear classification function that lies in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) both from the primal point of view (finding a perfect separator when one exists) and the dual point of view (giving a certificate of non-existence), with special focus on generalizations of two...
computer science
9,865
Graph Partitioning via Parallel Submodular Approximation to Accelerate Distributed Machine Learning
cs.DC
Distributed computing excels at processing large scale data, but the communication cost for synchronizing the shared parameters may slow down the overall performance. Fortunately, the interactions between parameter and data in many problems are sparse, which admits efficient partition in order to reduce the communicati...
computer science
9,866
Accessing accurate documents by mining auxiliary document information
cs.IR
Earlier techniques of text mining included algorithms like k-means, Naive Bayes, SVM which classify and cluster the text document for mining relevant information about the documents. The need for improving the mining techniques has us searching for techniques using the available algorithms. This paper proposes one tech...
computer science
9,867
Asymptotic Convergence in Online Learning with Unbounded Delays
cs.LG
We study the problem of predicting the results of computations that are too expensive to run, via the observation of the results of smaller computations. We model this as an online learning problem with delayed feedback, where the length of the delay is unbounded, which we study mainly in a stochastic setting. We show ...
computer science
9,868
Inductive Coherence
cs.AI
While probability theory is normally applied to external environments, there has been some recent interest in probabilistic modeling of the outputs of computations that are too expensive to run. Since mathematical logic is a powerful tool for reasoning about computer programs, we consider this problem from the perspect...
computer science
9,869
Benchmarking Deep Reinforcement Learning for Continuous Control
cs.LG
Recently, researchers have made significant progress combining the advances in deep learning for learning feature representations with reinforcement learning. Some notable examples include training agents to play Atari games based on raw pixel data and to acquire advanced manipulation skills using raw sensory inputs. H...
computer science
9,870
Predicting Contextual Sequences via Submodular Function Maximization
cs.AI
Sequence optimization, where the items in a list are ordered to maximize some reward has many applications such as web advertisement placement, search, and control libraries in robotics. Previous work in sequence optimization produces a static ordering that does not take any features of the item or context of the probl...
computer science
9,871
An efficient high-quality hierarchical clustering algorithm for automatic inference of software architecture from the source code of a software system
cs.AI
It is a high-quality algorithm for hierarchical clustering of large software source code. This effectively allows to break the complexity of tens of millions lines of source code, so that a human software engineer can comprehend a software system at high level by means of looking at its architectural diagram that is re...
computer science
9,872
Distributed Power Allocation with SINR Constraints Using Trial and Error Learning
cs.GT
In this paper, we address the problem of global transmit power minimization in a self-congiguring network where radio devices are subject to operate at a minimum signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) level. We model the network as a parallel Gaussian interference channel and we introduce a fully decentralized ...
computer science
9,873
Dyna-Style Planning with Linear Function Approximation and Prioritized Sweeping
cs.AI
We consider the problem of efficiently learning optimal control policies and value functions over large state spaces in an online setting in which estimates must be available after each interaction with the world. This paper develops an explicitly model-based approach extending the Dyna architecture to linear function ...
computer science
9,874
Active Learning for Matching Problems
cs.LG
Effective learning of user preferences is critical to easing user burden in various types of matching problems. Equally important is active query selection to further reduce the amount of preference information users must provide. We address the problem of active learning of user preferences for matching problems, intr...
computer science
9,875
Unachievable Region in Precision-Recall Space and Its Effect on Empirical Evaluation
cs.LG
Precision-recall (PR) curves and the areas under them are widely used to summarize machine learning results, especially for data sets exhibiting class skew. They are often used analogously to ROC curves and the area under ROC curves. It is known that PR curves vary as class skew changes. What was not recognized before ...
computer science
9,876
A new parameter Learning Method for Bayesian Networks with Qualitative Influences
cs.AI
We propose a new method for parameter learning in Bayesian networks with qualitative influences. This method extends our previous work from networks of binary variables to networks of discrete variables with ordered values. The specified qualitative influences correspond to certain order restrictions on the parameters ...
computer science
9,877
Incorporating Causal Prior Knowledge as Path-Constraints in Bayesian Networks and Maximal Ancestral Graphs
cs.AI
We consider the incorporation of causal knowledge about the presence or absence of (possibly indirect) causal relations into a causal model. Such causal relations correspond to directed paths in a causal model. This type of knowledge naturally arises from experimental data, among others. Specifically, we consider the f...
computer science
9,878
The AI&M Procedure for Learning from Incomplete Data
stat.ME
We investigate methods for parameter learning from incomplete data that is not missing at random. Likelihood-based methods then require the optimization of a profile likelihood that takes all possible missingness mechanisms into account. Optimzing this profile likelihood poses two main difficulties: multiple (local) ma...
computer science
9,879
Infinite Hidden Relational Models
cs.AI
In many cases it makes sense to model a relationship symmetrically, not implying any particular directionality. Consider the classical example of a recommendation system where the rating of an item by a user should symmetrically be dependent on the attributes of both the user and the item. The attributes of the (known)...
computer science
9,880
Monte Carlo Matrix Inversion Policy Evaluation
cs.LG
In 1950, Forsythe and Leibler (1950) introduced a statistical technique for finding the inverse of a matrix by characterizing the elements of the matrix inverse as expected values of a sequence of random walks. Barto and Duff (1994) subsequently showed relations between this technique and standard dynamic programming a...
computer science
9,881
Machine Learning in Proof General: Interfacing Interfaces
cs.AI
We present ML4PG - a machine learning extension for Proof General. It allows users to gather proof statistics related to shapes of goals, sequences of applied tactics, and proof tree structures from the libraries of interactive higher-order proofs written in Coq and SSReflect. The gathered data is clustered using the s...
computer science
9,882
Fast Damage Recovery in Robotics with the T-Resilience Algorithm
cs.RO
Damage recovery is critical for autonomous robots that need to operate for a long time without assistance. Most current methods are complex and costly because they require anticipating each potential damage in order to have a contingency plan ready. As an alternative, we introduce the T-resilience algorithm, a new algo...
computer science
9,883
Multi-Robot Informative Path Planning for Active Sensing of Environmental Phenomena: A Tale of Two Algorithms
cs.LG
A key problem of robotic environmental sensing and monitoring is that of active sensing: How can a team of robots plan the most informative observation paths to minimize the uncertainty in modeling and predicting an environmental phenomenon? This paper presents two principled approaches to efficient information-theoret...
computer science
9,884
Information-Theoretic Approach to Efficient Adaptive Path Planning for Mobile Robotic Environmental Sensing
cs.LG
Recent research in robot exploration and mapping has focused on sampling environmental hotspot fields. This exploration task is formalized by Low, Dolan, and Khosla (2008) in a sequential decision-theoretic planning under uncertainty framework called MASP. The time complexity of solving MASP approximately depends on th...
computer science
9,885
Optimal Demand Response Using Device Based Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Demand response (DR) for residential and small commercial buildings is estimated to account for as much as 65% of the total energy savings potential of DR, and previous work shows that a fully automated Energy Management System (EMS) is a necessary prerequisite to DR in these areas. In this paper, we propose a novel EM...
computer science
9,886
A Supervised Goal Directed Algorithm in Economical Choice Behaviour: An Actor-Critic Approach
cs.GT
This paper aims to find an algorithmic structure that affords to predict and explain economical choice behaviour particularly under uncertainty(random policies) by manipulating the prevalent Actor-Critic learning method to comply with the requirements we have been entrusted ever since the field of neuroeconomics dawned...
computer science
9,887
Machine Learner for Automated Reasoning 0.4 and 0.5
cs.LG
Machine Learner for Automated Reasoning (MaLARea) is a learning and reasoning system for proving in large formal libraries where thousands of theorems are available when attacking a new conjecture, and a large number of related problems and proofs can be used to learn specific theorem-proving knowledge. The last versio...
computer science
9,888
Learning-assisted Theorem Proving with Millions of Lemmas
cs.AI
Large formal mathematical libraries consist of millions of atomic inference steps that give rise to a corresponding number of proved statements (lemmas). Analogously to the informal mathematical practice, only a tiny fraction of such statements is named and re-used in later proofs by formal mathematicians. In this work...
computer science
9,889
Network-based Isoform Quantification with RNA-Seq Data for Cancer Transcriptome Analysis
cs.CE
High-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is widely used for transcript quantification of gene isoforms. Since RNA-Seq data alone is often not sufficient to accurately identify the read origins from the isoforms for quantification, we propose to explore protein domain-domain interactions as prior knowledge for integrat...
computer science
9,890
Multi-agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Zero-sum Games
cs.GT
In this paper we introduce a Bayesian framework for solving a class of problems termed Multi-agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning (MIRL). Compared to the well-known Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) problem, MIRL is formalized in the context of a stochastic game rather than a Markov decision process (MDP). Games bri...
computer science
9,891
A Mathematical Theory of Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, a mathematical theory of learning is proposed that has many parallels with information theory. We consider Vapnik's General Setting of Learning in which the learning process is defined to be the act of selecting a hypothesis in response to a given training set. Such hypothesis can, for example, be a deci...
computer science
9,892
Efficient Model Learning for Human-Robot Collaborative Tasks
cs.RO
We present a framework for learning human user models from joint-action demonstrations that enables the robot to compute a robust policy for a collaborative task with a human. The learning takes place completely automatically, without any human intervention. First, we describe the clustering of demonstrated action sequ...
computer science
9,893
A Parallel Algorithm for Exact Bayesian Structure Discovery in Bayesian Networks
cs.AI
Exact Bayesian structure discovery in Bayesian networks requires exponential time and space. Using dynamic programming (DP), the fastest known sequential algorithm computes the exact posterior probabilities of structural features in $O(2(d+1)n2^n)$ time and space, if the number of nodes (variables) in the Bayesian netw...
computer science
9,894
Using Learned Predictions as Feedback to Improve Control and Communication with an Artificial Limb: Preliminary Findings
cs.AI
Many people suffer from the loss of a limb. Learning to get by without an arm or hand can be very challenging, and existing prostheses do not yet fulfil the needs of individuals with amputations. One promising solution is to provide greater communication between a prosthesis and its user. Towards this end, we present a...
computer science
9,895
The Power of Randomization: Distributed Submodular Maximization on Massive Datasets
cs.LG
A wide variety of problems in machine learning, including exemplar clustering, document summarization, and sensor placement, can be cast as constrained submodular maximization problems. Unfortunately, the resulting submodular optimization problems are often too large to be solved on a single machine. We develop a simpl...
computer science
9,896
Joint Optimization of Masks and Deep Recurrent Neural Networks for Monaural Source Separation
cs.SD
Monaural source separation is important for many real world applications. It is challenging because, with only a single channel of information available, without any constraints, an infinite number of solutions are possible. In this paper, we explore joint optimization of masking functions and deep recurrent neural net...
computer science
9,897
The Linearization of Belief Propagation on Pairwise Markov Networks
cs.AI
Belief Propagation (BP) is a widely used approximation for exact probabilistic inference in graphical models, such as Markov Random Fields (MRFs). In graphs with cycles, however, no exact convergence guarantees for BP are known, in general. For the case when all edges in the MRF carry the same symmetric, doubly stochas...
computer science
9,898
Approval Voting and Incentives in Crowdsourcing
cs.GT
The growing need for labeled training data has made crowdsourcing an important part of machine learning. The quality of crowdsourced labels is, however, adversely affected by three factors: (1) the workers are not experts; (2) the incentives of the workers are not aligned with those of the requesters; and (3) the inter...
computer science
9,899
Universal Memory Architectures for Autonomous Machines
cs.AI
We propose a self-organizing memory architecture for perceptual experience, capable of supporting autonomous learning and goal-directed problem solving in the absence of any prior information about the agent's environment. The architecture is simple enough to ensure (1) a quadratic bound (in the number of available sen...
computer science
9,900
23-bit Metaknowledge Template Towards Big Data Knowledge Discovery and Management
cs.DB
The global influence of Big Data is not only growing but seemingly endless. The trend is leaning towards knowledge that is attained easily and quickly from massive pools of Big Data. Today we are living in the technological world that Dr. Usama Fayyad and his distinguished research fellows discussed in the introductory...
computer science