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11,601
Stochastic Quasi-Newton Methods for Nonconvex Stochastic Optimization
math.OC
In this paper we study stochastic quasi-Newton methods for nonconvex stochastic optimization, where we assume that noisy information about the gradients of the objective function is available via a stochastic first-order oracle (SFO). We propose a general framework for such methods, for which we prove almost sure conve...
computer science
11,602
Single-Channel Multi-Speaker Separation using Deep Clustering
cs.LG
Deep clustering is a recently introduced deep learning architecture that uses discriminatively trained embeddings as the basis for clustering. It was recently applied to spectrogram segmentation, resulting in impressive results on speaker-independent multi-speaker separation. In this paper we extend the baseline system...
computer science
11,603
Proceedings of the 2016 ICML Workshop on #Data4Good: Machine Learning in Social Good Applications
stat.ML
This is the Proceedings of the ICML Workshop on #Data4Good: Machine Learning in Social Good Applications, which was held on June 24, 2016 in New York.
computer science
11,604
Classifier Risk Estimation under Limited Labeling Resources
cs.LG
In this paper we propose strategies for estimating performance of a classifier when labels cannot be obtained for the whole test set. The number of test instances which can be labeled is very small compared to the whole test data size. The goal then is to obtain a precise estimate of classifier performance using as lit...
computer science
11,605
On Faster Convergence of Cyclic Block Coordinate Descent-type Methods for Strongly Convex Minimization
math.OC
The cyclic block coordinate descent-type (CBCD-type) methods, which performs iterative updates for a few coordinates (a block) simultaneously throughout the procedure, have shown remarkable computational performance for solving strongly convex minimization problems. Typical applications include many popular statistical...
computer science
11,606
From Behavior to Sparse Graphical Games: Efficient Recovery of Equilibria
cs.GT
In this paper we study the problem of exact recovery of the pure-strategy Nash equilibria (PSNE) set of a graphical game from noisy observations of joint actions of the players alone. We consider sparse linear influence games --- a parametric class of graphical games with linear payoffs, and represented by directed gra...
computer science
11,607
Proximal Quasi-Newton Methods for Regularized Convex Optimization with Linear and Accelerated Sublinear Convergence Rates
cs.NA
In [19], a general, inexact, efficient proximal quasi-Newton algorithm for composite optimization problems has been proposed and a sublinear global convergence rate has been established. In this paper, we analyze the convergence properties of this method, both in the exact and inexact setting, in the case when the obje...
computer science
11,608
Kernel-based methods for bandit convex optimization
cs.LG
We consider the adversarial convex bandit problem and we build the first $\mathrm{poly}(T)$-time algorithm with $\mathrm{poly}(n) \sqrt{T}$-regret for this problem. To do so we introduce three new ideas in the derivative-free optimization literature: (i) kernel methods, (ii) a generalization of Bernoulli convolutions, ...
computer science
11,609
How to calculate partition functions using convex programming hierarchies: provable bounds for variational methods
cs.LG
We consider the problem of approximating partition functions for Ising models. We make use of recent tools in combinatorial optimization: the Sherali-Adams and Lasserre convex programming hierarchies, in combination with variational methods to get algorithms for calculating partition functions in these families. These ...
computer science
11,610
On Deterministic Conditions for Subspace Clustering under Missing Data
cs.IT
In this paper we present deterministic conditions for success of sparse subspace clustering (SSC) under missing data, when data is assumed to come from a Union of Subspaces (UoS) model. We consider two algorithms, which are variants of SSC with entry-wise zero-filling that differ in terms of the optimization problems u...
computer science
11,611
Approximate maximum entropy principles via Goemans-Williamson with applications to provable variational methods
cs.LG
The well known maximum-entropy principle due to Jaynes, which states that given mean parameters, the maximum entropy distribution matching them is in an exponential family, has been very popular in machine learning due to its "Occam's razor" interpretation. Unfortunately, calculating the potentials in the maximum-entro...
computer science
11,612
Learning in Quantum Control: High-Dimensional Global Optimization for Noisy Quantum Dynamics
cs.LG
Quantum control is valuable for various quantum technologies such as high-fidelity gates for universal quantum computing, adaptive quantum-enhanced metrology, and ultra-cold atom manipulation. Although supervised machine learning and reinforcement learning are widely used for optimizing control parameters in classical ...
computer science
11,613
Fast Sampling for Strongly Rayleigh Measures with Application to Determinantal Point Processes
cs.LG
In this note we consider sampling from (non-homogeneous) strongly Rayleigh probability measures. As an important corollary, we obtain a fast mixing Markov Chain sampler for Determinantal Point Processes.
computer science
11,614
Fitting a Simplicial Complex using a Variation of k-means
cs.LG
We give a simple and effective two stage algorithm for approximating a point cloud $\mathcal{S}\subset\mathbb{R}^m$ by a simplicial complex $K$. The first stage is an iterative fitting procedure that generalizes k-means clustering, while the second stage involves deleting redundant simplices. A form of dimension reduct...
computer science
11,615
Fifty Shades of Ratings: How to Benefit from a Negative Feedback in Top-N Recommendations Tasks
cs.LG
Conventional collaborative filtering techniques treat a top-n recommendations problem as a task of generating a list of the most relevant items. This formulation, however, disregards an opposite - avoiding recommendations with completely irrelevant items. Due to that bias, standard algorithms, as well as commonly used ...
computer science
11,616
Random projections of random manifolds
stat.ML
Interesting data often concentrate on low dimensional smooth manifolds inside a high dimensional ambient space. Random projections are a simple, powerful tool for dimensionality reduction of such data. Previous works have studied bounds on how many projections are needed to accurately preserve the geometry of these man...
computer science
11,617
Learning from Conditional Distributions via Dual Embeddings
cs.LG
Many machine learning tasks, such as learning with invariance and policy evaluation in reinforcement learning, can be characterized as problems of learning from conditional distributions. In such problems, each sample $x$ itself is associated with a conditional distribution $p(z|x)$ represented by samples $\{z_i\}_{i=1...
computer science
11,618
Onsager-corrected deep learning for sparse linear inverse problems
cs.IT
Deep learning has gained great popularity due to its widespread success on many inference problems. We consider the application of deep learning to the sparse linear inverse problem encountered in compressive sensing, where one seeks to recover a sparse signal from a small number of noisy linear measurements. In this p...
computer science
11,619
Doubly Accelerated Methods for Faster CCA and Generalized Eigendecomposition
math.OC
We study $k$-GenEV, the problem of finding the top $k$ generalized eigenvectors, and $k$-CCA, the problem of finding the top $k$ vectors in canonical-correlation analysis. We propose algorithms $\mathtt{LazyEV}$ and $\mathtt{LazyCCA}$ to solve the two problems with running times linearly dependent on the input size and...
computer science
11,620
Supervised quantum gate "teaching" for quantum hardware design
cs.LG
We show how to train a quantum network of pairwise interacting qubits such that its evolution implements a target quantum algorithm into a given network subset. Our strategy is inspired by supervised learning and is designed to help the physical construction of a quantum computer which operates with minimal external cl...
computer science
11,621
A Non-Parametric Control Chart For High Frequency Multivariate Data
cs.LG
Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) is a machine learning technique used for single class classification and outlier detection. SVDD based K-chart was first introduced by Sun and Tsung for monitoring multivariate processes when underlying distribution of process parameters or quality characteristics depart from Norm...
computer science
11,622
Simultaneous Estimation of Noise Variance and Number of Peaks in Bayesian Spectral Deconvolution
cs.LG
The heuristic identification of peaks from noisy complex spectra often leads to misunderstanding of the physical and chemical properties of matter. In this paper, we propose a framework based on Bayesian inference, which enables us to separate multipeak spectra into single peaks statistically and consists of two steps....
computer science
11,623
An Adaptive Matrix Factorization Approach for Personalized Recommender Systems
cs.LG
Given a set $U$ of users and a set of items $I$, a dataset of recommendations can be viewed as a sparse rectangular matrix $A$ of size $|U|\times |I|$ such that $a_{u,i}$ contains the rating the user $u$ assigns to item $i$, $a_{u,i}=?$ if the user $u$ has not rated the item $i$. The goal of a recommender system is to ...
computer science
11,624
Network-Guided Biomarker Discovery
stat.ML
Identifying measurable genetic indicators (or biomarkers) of a specific condition of a biological system is a key element of precision medicine. Indeed it allows to tailor diagnostic, prognostic and treatment choice to individual characteristics of a patient. In machine learning terms, biomarker discovery can be framed...
computer science
11,625
Stochastic Frank-Wolfe Methods for Nonconvex Optimization
math.OC
We study Frank-Wolfe methods for nonconvex stochastic and finite-sum optimization problems. Frank-Wolfe methods (in the convex case) have gained tremendous recent interest in machine learning and optimization communities due to their projection-free property and their ability to exploit structured constraints. However,...
computer science
11,626
Kernel functions based on triplet comparisons
stat.ML
Given only information in the form of similarity triplets "Object A is more similar to object B than to object C" about a data set, we propose two ways of defining a kernel function on the data set. While previous approaches construct a low-dimensional Euclidean embedding of the data set that reflects the given similar...
computer science
11,627
Fast and Simple Optimization for Poisson Likelihood Models
cs.LG
Poisson likelihood models have been prevalently used in imaging, social networks, and time series analysis. We propose fast, simple, theoretically-grounded, and versatile, optimization algorithms for Poisson likelihood modeling. The Poisson log-likelihood is concave but not Lipschitz-continuous. Since almost all gradie...
computer science
11,628
A General Characterization of the Statistical Query Complexity
cs.LG
Statistical query (SQ) algorithms are algorithms that have access to an {\em SQ oracle} for the input distribution $D$ instead of i.i.d.~ samples from $D$. Given a query function $\phi:X \rightarrow [-1,1]$, the oracle returns an estimate of ${\bf E}_{ x\sim D}[\phi(x)]$ within some tolerance $\tau_\phi$ that roughly c...
computer science
11,629
Robust High-Dimensional Linear Regression
cs.LG
The effectiveness of supervised learning techniques has made them ubiquitous in research and practice. In high-dimensional settings, supervised learning commonly relies on dimensionality reduction to improve performance and identify the most important factors in predicting outcomes. However, the economic importance of ...
computer science
11,630
Semi-Supervised Prediction of Gene Regulatory Networks Using Machine Learning Algorithms
cs.LG
Use of computational methods to predict gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from gene expression data is a challenging task. Many studies have been conducted using unsupervised methods to fulfill the task; however, such methods usually yield low prediction accuracies due to the lack of training data. In this article, we pr...
computer science
11,631
Warm Starting Bayesian Optimization
stat.ML
We develop a framework for warm-starting Bayesian optimization, that reduces the solution time required to solve an optimization problem that is one in a sequence of related problems. This is useful when optimizing the output of a stochastic simulator that fails to provide derivative information, for which Bayesian opt...
computer science
11,632
Chi-squared Amplification: Identifying Hidden Hubs
cs.LG
We consider the following general hidden hubs model: an $n \times n$ random matrix $A$ with a subset $S$ of $k$ special rows (hubs): entries in rows outside $S$ are generated from the probability distribution $p_0 \sim N(0,\sigma_0^2)$; for each row in $S$, some $k$ of its entries are generated from $p_1 \sim N(0,\sigm...
computer science
11,633
Content-based image retrieval tutorial
stat.ML
This paper functions as a tutorial for individuals interested to enter the field of information retrieval but wouldn't know where to begin from. It describes two fundamental yet efficient image retrieval techniques, the first being k - nearest neighbors (knn) and the second support vector machines(svm). The goal is to ...
computer science
11,634
An approach to dealing with missing values in heterogeneous data using k-nearest neighbors
cs.LG
Techniques such as clusterization, neural networks and decision making usually rely on algorithms that are not well suited to deal with missing values. However, real world data frequently contains such cases. The simplest solution is to either substitute them by a best guess value or completely disregard the missing va...
computer science
11,635
A Geometrical Approach to Topic Model Estimation
stat.ME
In the probabilistic topic models, the quantity of interest---a low-rank matrix consisting of topic vectors---is hidden in the text corpus matrix, masked by noise, and the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is a potentially useful tool for learning such a low-rank matrix. However, the connection between this low-rank m...
computer science
11,636
Fast Calculation of the Knowledge Gradient for Optimization of Deterministic Engineering Simulations
cs.CE
A novel efficient method for computing the Knowledge-Gradient policy for Continuous Parameters (KGCP) for deterministic optimization is derived. The differences with Expected Improvement (EI), a popular choice for Bayesian optimization of deterministic engineering simulations, are explored. Both policies and the Upper ...
computer science
11,637
Conformalized density- and distance-based anomaly detection in time-series data
stat.AP
Anomalies (unusual patterns) in time-series data give essential, and often actionable information in critical situations. Examples can be found in such fields as healthcare, intrusion detection, finance, security and flight safety. In this paper we propose new conformalized density- and distance-based anomaly detection...
computer science
11,638
Linear Convergence of Gradient and Proximal-Gradient Methods Under the Polyak-Łojasiewicz Condition
cs.LG
In 1963, Polyak proposed a simple condition that is sufficient to show a global linear convergence rate for gradient descent. This condition is a special case of the \L{}ojasiewicz inequality proposed in the same year, and it does not require strong convexity (or even convexity). In this work, we show that this much-ol...
computer science
11,639
Enabling Factor Analysis on Thousand-Subject Neuroimaging Datasets
stat.ML
The scale of functional magnetic resonance image data is rapidly increasing as large multi-subject datasets are becoming widely available and high-resolution scanners are adopted. The inherent low-dimensionality of the information in this data has led neuroscientists to consider factor analysis methods to extract and a...
computer science
11,640
Shape Constrained Tensor Decompositions using Sparse Representations in Over-Complete Libraries
stat.ML
We consider $N$-way data arrays and low-rank tensor factorizations where the time mode is coded as a sparse linear combination of temporal elements from an over-complete library. Our method, Shape Constrained Tensor Decomposition (SCTD) is based upon the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition which produces $r$-rank appr...
computer science
11,641
A Bayesian Network approach to County-Level Corn Yield Prediction using historical data and expert knowledge
cs.LG
Crop yield forecasting is the methodology of predicting crop yields prior to harvest. The availability of accurate yield prediction frameworks have enormous implications from multiple standpoints, including impact on the crop commodity futures markets, formulation of agricultural policy, as well as crop insurance ratin...
computer science
11,642
Conditional Sparse Linear Regression
cs.LG
Machine learning and statistics typically focus on building models that capture the vast majority of the data, possibly ignoring a small subset of data as "noise" or "outliers." By contrast, here we consider the problem of jointly identifying a significant (but perhaps small) segment of a population in which there is a...
computer science
11,643
Towards Instance Optimal Bounds for Best Arm Identification
cs.LG
In the classical best arm identification (Best-$1$-Arm) problem, we are given $n$ stochastic bandit arms, each associated with a reward distribution with an unknown mean. We would like to identify the arm with the largest mean with probability at least $1-\delta$, using as few samples as possible. Understanding the sam...
computer science
11,644
Survey of resampling techniques for improving classification performance in unbalanced datasets
stat.AP
A number of classification problems need to deal with data imbalance between classes. Often it is desired to have a high recall on the minority class while maintaining a high precision on the majority class. In this paper, we review a number of resampling techniques proposed in literature to handle unbalanced datasets ...
computer science
11,645
Uniform Generalization, Concentration, and Adaptive Learning
cs.LG
One fundamental goal in any learning algorithm is to mitigate its risk for overfitting. Mathematically, this requires that the learning algorithm enjoys a small generalization risk, which is defined either in expectation or in probability. Both types of generalization are commonly used in the literature. For instance, ...
computer science
11,646
Computational and Statistical Tradeoffs in Learning to Rank
cs.LG
For massive and heterogeneous modern datasets, it is of fundamental interest to provide guarantees on the accuracy of estimation when computational resources are limited. In the application of learning to rank, we provide a hierarchy of rank-breaking mechanisms ordered by the complexity in thus generated sketch of the ...
computer science
11,647
Multi-Dueling Bandits and Their Application to Online Ranker Evaluation
cs.IR
New ranking algorithms are continually being developed and refined, necessitating the development of efficient methods for evaluating these rankers. Online ranker evaluation focuses on the challenge of efficiently determining, from implicit user feedback, which ranker out of a finite set of rankers is the best. Online ...
computer science
11,648
LFADS - Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems
cs.LG
Neuroscience is experiencing a data revolution in which many hundreds or thousands of neurons are recorded simultaneously. Currently, there is little consensus on how such data should be analyzed. Here we introduce LFADS (Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems), a method to infer latent dynamics from simultaneous...
computer science
11,649
AIDE: Fast and Communication Efficient Distributed Optimization
math.OC
In this paper, we present two new communication-efficient methods for distributed minimization of an average of functions. The first algorithm is an inexact variant of the DANE algorithm that allows any local algorithm to return an approximate solution to a local subproblem. We show that such a strategy does not affect...
computer science
11,650
Minimizing Quadratic Functions in Constant Time
cs.LG
A sampling-based optimization method for quadratic functions is proposed. Our method approximately solves the following $n$-dimensional quadratic minimization problem in constant time, which is independent of $n$: $z^*=\min_{\mathbf{v} \in \mathbb{R}^n}\langle\mathbf{v}, A \mathbf{v}\rangle + n\langle\mathbf{v}, \mathr...
computer science
11,651
Entity Embedding-based Anomaly Detection for Heterogeneous Categorical Events
cs.LG
Anomaly detection plays an important role in modern data-driven security applications, such as detecting suspicious access to a socket from a process. In many cases, such events can be described as a collection of categorical values that are considered as entities of different types, which we call heterogeneous categor...
computer science
11,652
Clustering and Community Detection with Imbalanced Clusters
stat.ML
Spectral clustering methods which are frequently used in clustering and community detection applications are sensitive to the specific graph constructions particularly when imbalanced clusters are present. We show that ratio cut (RCut) or normalized cut (NCut) objectives are not tailored to imbalanced cluster sizes sin...
computer science
11,653
Data Dependent Convergence for Distributed Stochastic Optimization
math.OC
In this dissertation we propose alternative analysis of distributed stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms that rely on spectral properties of the data covariance. As a consequence we can relate questions pertaining to speedups and convergence rates for distributed SGD to the data distribution instead of the regu...
computer science
11,654
A Mathematical Framework for Feature Selection from Real-World Data with Non-Linear Observations
stat.ML
In this paper, we study the challenge of feature selection based on a relatively small collection of sample pairs $\{(x_i, y_i)\}_{1 \leq i \leq m}$. The observations $y_i \in \mathbb{R}$ are thereby supposed to follow a noisy single-index model, depending on a certain set of signal variables. A major difficulty is tha...
computer science
11,655
Least Ambiguous Set-Valued Classifiers with Bounded Error Levels
stat.ME
In most classification tasks there are observations that are ambiguous and therefore difficult to correctly label. Set-valued classification allows the classifiers to output a set of plausible labels rather than a single label, thereby giving a more appropriate and informative treatment to the labeling of ambiguous ins...
computer science
11,656
A deep learning model for estimating story points
cs.SE
Although there has been substantial research in software analytics for effort estimation in traditional software projects, little work has been done for estimation in agile projects, especially estimating user stories or issues. Story points are the most common unit of measure used for estimating the effort involved in...
computer science
11,657
Accurate De Novo Prediction of Protein Contact Map by Ultra-Deep Learning Model
cs.LG
Recently exciting progress has been made on protein contact prediction, but the predicted contacts for proteins without many sequence homologs is still of low quality and not very useful for de novo structure prediction. This paper presents a new deep learning method that predicts contacts by integrating both evolution...
computer science
11,658
Decoding visual stimuli in human brain by using Anatomical Pattern Analysis on fMRI images
stat.ML
A universal unanswered question in neuroscience and machine learning is whether computers can decode the patterns of the human brain. Multi-Voxels Pattern Analysis (MVPA) is a critical tool for addressing this question. However, there are two challenges in the previous MVPA methods, which include decreasing sparsity an...
computer science
11,659
Local Maxima in the Likelihood of Gaussian Mixture Models: Structural Results and Algorithmic Consequences
stat.ML
We provide two fundamental results on the population (infinite-sample) likelihood function of Gaussian mixture models with $M \geq 3$ components. Our first main result shows that the population likelihood function has bad local maxima even in the special case of equally-weighted mixtures of well-separated and spherical...
computer science
11,660
Breaking the Bandwidth Barrier: Geometrical Adaptive Entropy Estimation
cs.IT
Estimators of information theoretic measures such as entropy and mutual information are a basic workhorse for many downstream applications in modern data science. State of the art approaches have been either geometric (nearest neighbor (NN) based) or kernel based (with a globally chosen bandwidth). In this paper, we co...
computer science
11,661
Non-Backtracking Spectrum of Degree-Corrected Stochastic Block Models
math.PR
Motivated by community detection, we characterise the spectrum of the non-backtracking matrix $B$ in the Degree-Corrected Stochastic Block Model. Specifically, we consider a random graph on $n$ vertices partitioned into two equal-sized clusters. The vertices have i.i.d. weights $\{ \phi_u \}_{u=1}^n$ with second mome...
computer science
11,662
Why is Differential Evolution Better than Grid Search for Tuning Defect Predictors?
cs.SE
Context: One of the black arts of data mining is learning the magic parameters which control the learners. In software analytics, at least for defect prediction, several methods, like grid search and differential evolution (DE), have been proposed to learn these parameters, which has been proved to be able to improve t...
computer science
11,663
By-passing the Kohn-Sham equations with machine learning
cs.LG
Last year, at least 30,000 scientific papers used the Kohn-Sham scheme of density functional theory to solve electronic structure problems in a wide variety of scientific fields, ranging from materials science to biochemistry to astrophysics. Machine learning holds the promise of learning the kinetic energy functional ...
computer science
11,664
Distributed Online Optimization in Dynamic Environments Using Mirror Descent
math.OC
This work addresses decentralized online optimization in non-stationary environments. A network of agents aim to track the minimizer of a global time-varying convex function. The minimizer evolves according to a known dynamics corrupted by an unknown, unstructured noise. At each time, the global function can be cast as...
computer science
11,665
Robust Spectral Detection of Global Structures in the Data by Learning a Regularization
stat.ML
Spectral methods are popular in detecting global structures in the given data that can be represented as a matrix. However when the data matrix is sparse or noisy, classic spectral methods usually fail to work, due to localization of eigenvectors (or singular vectors) induced by the sparsity or noise. In this work, we ...
computer science
11,666
Stealing Machine Learning Models via Prediction APIs
cs.CR
Machine learning (ML) models may be deemed confidential due to their sensitive training data, commercial value, or use in security applications. Increasingly often, confidential ML models are being deployed with publicly accessible query interfaces. ML-as-a-service ("predictive analytics") systems are an example: Some ...
computer science
11,667
On the Relationship between Online Gaussian Process Regression and Kernel Least Mean Squares Algorithms
stat.ML
We study the relationship between online Gaussian process (GP) regression and kernel least mean squares (KLMS) algorithms. While the latter have no capacity of storing the entire posterior distribution during online learning, we discover that their operation corresponds to the assumption of a fixed posterior covariance...
computer science
11,668
Less than a Single Pass: Stochastically Controlled Stochastic Gradient Method
math.OC
We develop and analyze a procedure for gradient-based optimization that we refer to as stochastically controlled stochastic gradient (SCSG). As a member of the SVRG family of algorithms, SCSG makes use of gradient estimates at two scales, with the number of updates at the faster scale being governed by a geometric rand...
computer science
11,669
Comment on "Why does deep and cheap learning work so well?" [arXiv:1608.08225]
cs.LG
In a recent paper, "Why does deep and cheap learning work so well?", Lin and Tegmark claim to show that the mapping between deep belief networks and the variational renormalization group derived in [arXiv:1410.3831] is invalid, and present a "counterexample" that claims to show that this mapping does not hold. In this ...
computer science
11,670
Analysis of Kelner and Levin graph sparsification algorithm for a streaming setting
stat.ML
We derive a new proof to show that the incremental resparsification algorithm proposed by Kelner and Levin (2013) produces a spectral sparsifier in high probability. We rigorously take into account the dependencies across subsequent resparsifications using martingale inequalities, fixing a flaw in the original analysis...
computer science
11,671
Information Theoretic Structure Learning with Confidence
cs.IT
Information theoretic measures (e.g. the Kullback Liebler divergence and Shannon mutual information) have been used for exploring possibly nonlinear multivariate dependencies in high dimension. If these dependencies are assumed to follow a Markov factor graph model, this exploration process is called structure discover...
computer science
11,672
Noisy Inductive Matrix Completion Under Sparse Factor Models
stat.ML
Inductive Matrix Completion (IMC) is an important class of matrix completion problems that allows direct inclusion of available features to enhance estimation capabilities. These models have found applications in personalized recommendation systems, multilabel learning, dictionary learning, etc. This paper examines a g...
computer science
11,673
Self-Sustaining Iterated Learning
math.OC
An important result from psycholinguistics (Griffiths & Kalish, 2005) states that no language can be learned iteratively by rational agents in a self-sustaining manner. We show how to modify the learning process slightly in order to achieve self-sustainability. Our work is in two parts. First, we characterize iterated ...
computer science
11,674
Gradient Descent Learns Linear Dynamical Systems
cs.LG
We prove that gradient descent efficiently converges to the global optimizer of the maximum likelihood objective of an unknown linear time-invariant dynamical system from a sequence of noisy observations generated by the system. Even though the objective function is non-convex, we provide polynomial running time and sa...
computer science
11,675
Inherent Trade-Offs in the Fair Determination of Risk Scores
cs.LG
Recent discussion in the public sphere about algorithmic classification has involved tension between competing notions of what it means for a probabilistic classification to be fair to different groups. We formalize three fairness conditions that lie at the heart of these debates, and we prove that except in highly con...
computer science
11,676
Conformalized Kernel Ridge Regression
stat.ML
General predictive models do not provide a measure of confidence in predictions without Bayesian assumptions. A way to circumvent potential restrictions is to use conformal methods for constructing non-parametric confidence regions, that offer guarantees regarding validity. In this paper we provide a detailed descripti...
computer science
11,677
AMOS: An Automated Model Order Selection Algorithm for Spectral Graph Clustering
cs.SI
One of the longstanding problems in spectral graph clustering (SGC) is the so-called model order selection problem: automated selection of the correct number of clusters. This is equivalent to the problem of finding the number of connected components or communities in an undirected graph. In this paper, we propose AMOS...
computer science
11,678
Network-regularized Sparse Logistic Regression Models for Clinical Risk Prediction and Biomarker Discovery
cs.LG
Molecular profiling data (e.g., gene expression) has been used for clinical risk prediction and biomarker discovery. However, it is necessary to integrate other prior knowledge like biological pathways or gene interaction networks to improve the predictive ability and biological interpretability of biomarkers. Here, we...
computer science
11,679
Bibliographic Analysis on Research Publications using Authors, Categorical Labels and the Citation Network
cs.DL
Bibliographic analysis considers the author's research areas, the citation network and the paper content among other things. In this paper, we combine these three in a topic model that produces a bibliographic model of authors, topics and documents, using a nonparametric extension of a combination of the Poisson mixed-...
computer science
11,680
Bibliographic Analysis with the Citation Network Topic Model
cs.DL
Bibliographic analysis considers author's research areas, the citation network and paper content among other things. In this paper, we combine these three in a topic model that produces a bibliographic model of authors, topics and documents using a non-parametric extension of a combination of the Poisson mixed-topic li...
computer science
11,681
Exact Sampling from Determinantal Point Processes
cs.LG
Determinantal point processes (DPPs) are an important concept in random matrix theory and combinatorics. They have also recently attracted interest in the study of numerical methods for machine learning, as they offer an elegant "missing link" between independent Monte Carlo sampling and deterministic evaluation on reg...
computer science
11,682
Multilayer Spectral Graph Clustering via Convex Layer Aggregation
cs.LG
Multilayer graphs are commonly used for representing different relations between entities and handling heterogeneous data processing tasks. New challenges arise in multilayer graph clustering for assigning clusters to a common multilayer node set and for combining information from each layer. This paper presents a theo...
computer science
11,683
Screening Rules for Convex Problems
math.OC
We propose a new framework for deriving screening rules for convex optimization problems. Our approach covers a large class of constrained and penalized optimization formulations, and works in two steps. First, given any approximate point, the structure of the objective function and the duality gap is used to gather in...
computer science
11,684
Informative Planning and Online Learning with Sparse Gaussian Processes
cs.RO
A big challenge in environmental monitoring is the spatiotemporal variation of the phenomena to be observed. To enable persistent sensing and estimation in such a setting, it is beneficial to have a time-varying underlying environmental model. Here we present a planning and learning method that enables an autonomous ma...
computer science
11,685
Multi-label Methods for Prediction with Sequential Data
cs.LG
The number of methods available for classification of multi-label data has increased rapidly over recent years, yet relatively few links have been made with the related task of classification of sequential data. If labels indices are considered as time indices, the problems can often be seen as equivalent. In this pape...
computer science
11,686
Statistical comparison of classifiers through Bayesian hierarchical modelling
cs.LG
Usually one compares the accuracy of two competing classifiers via null hypothesis significance tests (nhst). Yet the nhst tests suffer from important shortcomings, which can be overcome by switching to Bayesian hypothesis testing. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model which jointly analyzes the cross-validation res...
computer science
11,687
The Famine of Forte: Few Search Problems Greatly Favor Your Algorithm
stat.ML
Casting machine learning as a type of search, we demonstrate that the proportion of problems that are favorable for a fixed algorithm is strictly bounded, such that no single algorithm can perform well over a large fraction of them. Our results explain why we must either continue to develop new learning methods year af...
computer science
11,688
EXTRACT: Strong Examples from Weakly-Labeled Sensor Data
stat.ML
Thanks to the rise of wearable and connected devices, sensor-generated time series comprise a large and growing fraction of the world's data. Unfortunately, extracting value from this data can be challenging, since sensors report low-level signals (e.g., acceleration), not the high-level events that are typically of in...
computer science
11,689
Deep Multi-Species Embedding
cs.LG
Understanding how species are distributed across landscapes over time is a fundamental question in biodiversity research. Unfortunately, most species distribution models only target a single species at a time, despite strong ecological evidence that species are not independently distributed. We propose Deep Multi-Speci...
computer science
11,690
CNN Architectures for Large-Scale Audio Classification
cs.SD
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have proven very effective in image classification and show promise for audio. We use various CNN architectures to classify the soundtracks of a dataset of 70M training videos (5.24 million hours) with 30,871 video-level labels. We examine fully connected Deep Neural Networks (DNNs)...
computer science
11,691
Social Computing for Mobile Big Data in Wireless Networks
cs.SI
Mobile big data contains vast statistical features in various dimensions, including spatial, temporal, and the underlying social domain. Understanding and exploiting the features of mobile data from a social network perspective will be extremely beneficial to wireless networks, from planning, operation, and maintenance...
computer science
11,692
On Identification of Sparse Multivariable ARX Model: A Sparse Bayesian Learning Approach
cs.SY
This paper begins with considering the identification of sparse linear time-invariant networks described by multivariable ARX models. Such models possess relatively simple structure thus used as a benchmark to promote further research. With identifiability of the network guaranteed, this paper presents an identificatio...
computer science
11,693
Optimal spectral transportation with application to music transcription
stat.ML
Many spectral unmixing methods rely on the non-negative decomposition of spectral data onto a dictionary of spectral templates. In particular, state-of-the-art music transcription systems decompose the spectrogram of the input signal onto a dictionary of representative note spectra. The typical measures of fit used to ...
computer science
11,694
HNP3: A Hierarchical Nonparametric Point Process for Modeling Content Diffusion over Social Media
stat.ML
This paper introduces a novel framework for modeling temporal events with complex longitudinal dependency that are generated by dependent sources. This framework takes advantage of multidimensional point processes for modeling time of events. The intensity function of the proposed process is a mixture of intensities, a...
computer science
11,695
Sequential Low-Rank Change Detection
stat.ML
Detecting emergence of a low-rank signal from high-dimensional data is an important problem arising from many applications such as camera surveillance and swarm monitoring using sensors. We consider a procedure based on the largest eigenvalue of the sample covariance matrix over a sliding window to detect the change. T...
computer science
11,696
cleverhans v2.0.0: an adversarial machine learning library
cs.LG
\texttt{cleverhans} is a software library that provides standardized reference implementations of \emph{adversarial example} construction techniques and \emph{adversarial training}. The library may be used to develop more robust machine learning models and to provide standardized benchmarks of models' performance in th...
computer science
11,697
Revisiting Role Discovery in Networks: From Node to Edge Roles
stat.ML
Previous work in network analysis has focused on modeling the mixed-memberships of node roles in the graph, but not the roles of edges. We introduce the edge role discovery problem and present a generalizable framework for learning and extracting edge roles from arbitrary graphs automatically. Furthermore, while existi...
computer science
11,698
Stochastic Optimization with Variance Reduction for Infinite Datasets with Finite-Sum Structure
stat.ML
Stochastic optimization algorithms with variance reduction have proven successful for minimizing large finite sums of functions. Unfortunately, these techniques are unable to deal with stochastic perturbations of input data, induced for example by data augmentation. In such cases, the objective is no longer a finite su...
computer science
11,699
A SMART Stochastic Algorithm for Nonconvex Optimization with Applications to Robust Machine Learning
stat.ML
In this paper, we show how to transform any optimization problem that arises from fitting a machine learning model into one that (1) detects and removes contaminated data from the training set while (2) simultaneously fitting the trimmed model on the uncontaminated data that remains. To solve the resulting nonconvex op...
computer science
11,700
A Non-generative Framework and Convex Relaxations for Unsupervised Learning
cs.LG
We give a novel formal theoretical framework for unsupervised learning with two distinctive characteristics. First, it does not assume any generative model and based on a worst-case performance metric. Second, it is comparative, namely performance is measured with respect to a given hypothesis class. This allows to avo...
computer science