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3,200
On the Conditioning of the Spherical Harmonic Matrix for Spatial Audio Applications
eess.AS
In this paper, we attempt to study the conditioning of the Spherical Harmonic Matrix (SHM), which is widely used in the discrete, limited order orthogonal representation of sound fields. SHM's has been widely used in the audio applications like spatial sound reproduction using loudspeakers, orthogonal representation of...
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3,201
Singing voice correction using canonical time warping
eess.AS
Expressive singing voice correction is an appealing but challenging problem. A robust time-warping algorithm which synchronizes two singing recordings can provide a promising solution. We thereby propose to address the problem by canonical time warping (CTW) which aligns amateur singing recordings to professional ones....
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3,202
Raga Identification using Repetitive Note Patterns from prescriptive notations of Carnatic Music
eess.AS
Carnatic music, a form of Indian Art Music, has relied on an oral tradition for transferring knowledge across several generations. Over the last two hundred years, the use of prescriptive notations has been adopted for learning, sight-playing and sight-singing. Prescriptive notations offer generic guidelines for a raga...
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3,203
Enhancement of Noisy Speech Exploiting an Exponential Model Based Threshold and a Custom Thresholding Function in Perceptual Wavelet Packet Domain
eess.AS
For enhancement of noisy speech, a method of threshold determination based on modeling of Teager energy (TE) operated perceptual wavelet packet (PWP) coefficients of the noisy speech by exponential distribution is presented. A custom thresholding function based on the combination of mu-law and semisoft thresholding fun...
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3,204
Precise Detection of Speech Endpoints Dynamically: A Wavelet Convolution based approach
eess.AS
Precise detection of speech endpoints is an important factor which affects the performance of the systems where speech utterances need to be extracted from the speech signal such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system. Existing endpoint detection (EPD) methods mostly uses Short-Term Energy (STE), Zero-Crossing Ra...
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3,205
Simulating dysarthric speech for training data augmentation in clinical speech applications
eess.AS
Training machine learning algorithms for speech applications requires large, labeled training data sets. This is problematic for clinical applications where obtaining such data is prohibitively expensive because of privacy concerns or lack of access. As a result, clinical speech applications are typically developed usi...
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3,206
Angular Softmax Loss for End-to-end Speaker Verification
eess.AS
End-to-end speaker verification systems have received increasing interests. The traditional i-vector approach trains a generative model (basically a factor-analysis model) to extract i-vectors as speaker embeddings. In contrast, the end-to-end approach directly trains a discriminative model (often a neural network) to ...
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3,207
RTF-Based Binaural MVDR Beamformer Exploiting an External Microphone in a Diffuse Noise Field
eess.AS
Besides suppressing all undesired sound sources, an important objective of a binaural noise reduction algorithm for hearing devices is the preservation of the binaural cues, aiming at preserving the spatial perception of the acoustic scene. A well-known binaural noise reduction algorithm is the binaural minimum varianc...
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3,208
Independent Low-Rank Matrix Analysis Based on Time-Variant Sub-Gaussian Source Model
eess.AS
Independent low-rank matrix analysis (ILRMA) is a fast and stable method for blind audio source separation. Conventional ILRMAs assume time-variant (super-)Gaussian source models, which can only represent signals that follow a super-Gaussian distribution. In this paper, we focus on ILRMA based on a generalized Gaussian...
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3,209
Advancing Multi-Accented LSTM-CTC Speech Recognition using a Domain Specific Student-Teacher Learning Paradigm
eess.AS
Non-native speech causes automatic speech recognition systems to degrade in performance. Past strategies to address this challenge have considered model adaptation, accent classification with a model selection, alternate pronunciation lexicon, etc. In this study, we consider a recurrent neural network (RNN) with connec...
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3,210
Evaluating MCC-PHAT for the LOCATA Challenge - Task 1 and Task 3
eess.AS
This report presents test results for the \mbox{LOCATA} challenge \cite{lollmann2018locata} using the recently developed MCC-PHAT (multichannel cross correlation - phase transform) sound source localization method. The specific tasks addressed are respectively the localization of a single static and a single moving spe...
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3,211
Error Reduction Network for DBLSTM-based Voice Conversion
eess.AS
So far, many of the deep learning approaches for voice conversion produce good quality speech by using a large amount of training data. This paper presents a Deep Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (DBLSTM) based voice conversion framework that can work with a limited amount of training data. We propose to implement ...
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3,212
Concatenated Identical DNN (CI-DNN) to Reduce Noise-Type Dependence in DNN-Based Speech Enhancement
eess.AS
Estimating time-frequency domain masks for speech enhancement using deep learning approaches has recently become a popular field of research. In this paper, we propose a mask-based speech enhancement framework by using concatenated identical deep neural networks (CI-DNNs). The idea is that a single DNN is trained under...
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3,213
A Proper version of Synthesis-based Sparse Audio Declipper
eess.AS
Methods based on sparse representation have found great use in the recovery of audio signals degraded by clipping. The state of the art in declipping has been achieved by the SPADE algorithm by Kiti\'c et. al. (LVA/ICA2015). Our recent study (LVA/ICA2018) has shown that although the original S-SPADE can be improved suc...
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3,214
Speech Coding, Speech Interfaces and IoT - Opportunities and Challenges
eess.AS
Recent speech and audio coding standards such as 3GPP Enhanced Voice Services match the foreseeable needs and requirements in transmission of speech and audio, when using current transmission infrastructure and applications. Trends in Internet-of-Things technology and development in personal digital assistants (PDAs) h...
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3,215
Building and Evaluation of a Real Room Impulse Response Dataset
eess.AS
This paper presents BUT ReverbDB - a dataset of real room impulse responses (RIR), background noises and re-transmitted speech data. The retransmitted data includes LibriSpeech test-clean, 2000 HUB5 English evaluation and part of 2010 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation datasets. We provide a detailed description of RI...
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3,216
Non linear time compression of clear and normal speech at high rates
eess.AS
We compare a series of time compression methods applied to normal and clear speech. First we evaluate a linear (uniform) method applied to these styles as well as to naturally-produced fast speech. We found, in line with the literature, that unprocessed fast speech was less intelligible than linearly compressed normal ...
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3,217
Speaker Verification By Partial AUC Optimization With Mahalanobis Distance Metric Learning
eess.AS
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and detection error tradeoff (DET) curves are two widely used evaluation metrics for speaker verification. They are equivalent since the latter can be obtained by transforming the former's true positive y-axis to false negative y-axis and then re-scaling both axes by a probit ope...
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3,218
Overlap-Add Windows with Maximum Energy Concentration for Speech and Audio Processing
eess.AS
Processing of speech and audio signals with time-frequency representations require windowing methods which allow perfect reconstruction of the original signal and where processing artifacts have a predictable behavior. The most common approach for this purpose is overlap-add windowing, where signal segments are windowe...
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3,219
Active Acoustic Source Tracking Exploiting Particle Filtering and Monte Carlo Tree Search
eess.AS
In this paper, we address the task of active acoustic source tracking as part of robotic path planning. It denotes the planning of sequences of robotic movements to enhance tracking results of acoustic sources, e.g., talking humans, by fusing observations from multiple positions. Essentially, two strategies are possibl...
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3,220
Irrelevant speech effect in open plan offices: A laboratory study
eess.AS
It seems now accepted that speech noise in open plan offices is the main source of discomfort for employees. This work follows a series of studies conducted at INRS France and INSA Lyon based on Hongisto's theoretical model (2005) linking the Decrease in Performance (DP) and the Speech Transmission Index (STI). This mo...
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3,221
USTCSpeech System for VOiCES from a Distance Challenge 2019
eess.AS
This document describes the speaker verification systems developed in the Speech lab at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) for the VOiCES from a Distance Challenge 2019. We develop the system for the Fixed Condition on two public corpus, VoxCeleb and SITW. The frameworks of our systems are based o...
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3,222
An End-to-End Approach to Automatic Speech Assessment for Cantonese-speaking People with Aphasia
eess.AS
Conventional automatic assessment of pathological speech usually follows two main steps: (1) extraction of pathology-specific features; (2) classification or regression on extracted features. Given the great variety of speech and language disorders, feature design is never a straightforward task, and yet it is most cru...
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3,223
Room Geometry Estimation from Room Impulse Responses using Convolutional Neural Networks
eess.AS
We describe a new method to estimate the geometry of a room given room impulse responses. The method utilises convolutional neural networks to estimate the room geometry and uses the mean square error as the loss function. In contrast to existing methods, we do not require the position or distance of sources or receive...
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3,224
Progressive Speech Enhancement with Residual Connections
eess.AS
This paper studies the Speech Enhancement based on Deep Neural Networks. The proposed architecture gradually follows the signal transformation during enhancement by means of a visualization probe at each network block. Alongside the process, the enhancement performance is visually inspected and evaluated in terms of re...
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3,225
Leveraging native language information for improved accented speech recognition
eess.AS
Recognition of accented speech is a long-standing challenge for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, given the increasing worldwide population of bi-lingual speakers with English as their second language. If we consider foreign-accented speech as an interpolation of the native language (L1) and English (L2), usi...
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3,226
Latent Class Model with Application to Speaker Diarization
eess.AS
In this paper, we apply a latent class model (LCM) to the task of speaker diarization. LCM is similar to Patrick Kenny's variational Bayes (VB) method in that it uses soft information and avoids premature hard decisions in its iterations. In contrast to the VB method, which is based on a generative model, LCM provides ...
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3,227
Semi-Supervised Speech Emotion Recognition with Ladder Networks
eess.AS
Speech emotion recognition (SER) systems find applications in various fields such as healthcare, education, and security and defense. A major drawback of these systems is their lack of generalization across different conditions. This problem can be solved by training models on large amounts of labeled data from the tar...
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3,228
Binaural LCMV Beamforming with Partial Noise Estimation
eess.AS
Besides reducing undesired sources (interfering sources and background noise), another important objective of a binaural beamforming algorithm is to preserve the spatial impression of the acoustic scene, which can be achieved by preserving the binaural cues of all sound sources. While the binaural minimum variance dist...
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3,229
Measuring the Effectiveness of Voice Conversion on Speaker Identification and Automatic Speech Recognition Systems
eess.AS
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a Cycle-GAN based voice converter (VC) on four speaker identification (SID) systems and an automated speech recognition (ASR) system for various purposes. Audio samples converted by the VC model are classified by the SID systems as the intended target at up to 46% top-1 accurac...
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3,230
The DKU-SMIIP System for NIST 2018 Speaker Recognition Evaluation
eess.AS
In this paper, we present the system submission for the NIST 2018 Speaker Recognition Evaluation by DKU Speech and Multi-Modal Intelligent Information Processing (SMIIP) Lab. We explore various kinds of state-of-the-art front-end extractors as well as back-end modeling for text-independent speaker verifications. Our su...
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3,231
The DKU System for the Speaker Recognition Task of the 2019 VOiCES from a Distance Challenge
eess.AS
In this paper, we present the DKU system for the speaker recognition task of the VOiCES from a distance challenge 2019. We investigate the whole system pipeline for the far-field speaker verification, including data pre-processing, short-term spectral feature representation, utterance-level speaker modeling, back-end s...
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3,232
Localization Uncertainty in Time-Amplitude Stereophonic Reproduction
eess.AS
This article studies the effects of inter-channel time and level differences in stereophonic reproduction on perceived localization uncertainty, which is defined as how difficult it is for a listener to tell where a sound source is located. Towards this end, a computational model of localization uncertainty is proposed...
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3,233
Black-box Attacks on Automatic Speaker Verification using Feedback-controlled Voice Conversion
eess.AS
Automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems in practice are greatly vulnerable to spoofing attacks. The latest voice conversion technologies are able to produce perceptually natural sounding speech that mimics any target speakers. However, the perceptual closeness to a speaker's identity may not be enough to deceive a...
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3,234
A Modularized Neural Network with Language-Specific Output Layers for Cross-lingual Voice Conversion
eess.AS
This paper presents a cross-lingual voice conversion framework that adopts a modularized neural network. The modularized neural network has a common input structure that is shared for both languages, and two separate output modules, one for each language. The idea is motivated by the fact that phonetic systems of langu...
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3,235
Objective Human Affective Vocal Expression Detection and Automatic Classification with Stochastic Models and Learning Systems
eess.AS
This paper presents a widespread analysis of affective vocal expression classification systems. In this study, state-of-the-art acoustic features are compared to two novel affective vocal prints for the detection of emotional states: the Hilbert-Huang-Hurst Coefficients (HHHC) and the vector of index of non-stationarit...
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3,236
Cross lingual transfer learning for zero-resource domain adaptation
eess.AS
We propose a method for zero-resource domain adaptation of DNN acoustic models, for use in low-resource situations where the only in-language training data available may be poorly matched to the intended target domain. Our method uses a multi-lingual model in which several DNN layers are shared between languages. This ...
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3,237
Multi-Talker MVDR Beamforming Based on Extended Complex Gaussian Mixture Model
eess.AS
In this letter, we present a novel multi-talker minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming as the front-end of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system in a dinner party scenario. The CHiME-5 dataset is selected to evaluate our proposal for overlapping multi-talker scenario with severe noise. A det...
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3,238
Multi-channel Time-Varying Covariance Matrix Model for Late Reverberation Reduction
eess.AS
In this paper, a multi-channel time-varying covariance matrix model for late reverberation reduction is proposed. Reflecting that variance of the late reverberation is time-varying and it depends on past speech source variance, the proposed model is defined as convolution of a speech source variance with a multi-channe...
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3,239
Frequency-Sliding Generalized Cross-Correlation: A Sub-band Time Delay Estimation Approach
eess.AS
The generalized cross correlation (GCC) is regarded as the most popular approach for estimating the time difference of arrival (TDOA) between the signals received at two sensors. Time delay estimates are obtained by maximizing the GCC output, where the direct-path delay is usually observed as a prominent peak. Moreover...
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3,240
BUT System Description for DIHARD Speech Diarization Challenge 2019
eess.AS
This paper describes the systems developed by the BUT team for the four tracks of the second DIHARD speech diarization challenge. For tracks 1 and 2 the systems were based on performing agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) over x-vectors, followed by the Bayesian Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with eigenvoice priors ...
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3,241
Using Speech Synthesis to Train End-to-End Spoken Language Understanding Models
eess.AS
End-to-end models are an attractive new approach to spoken language understanding (SLU) in which the meaning of an utterance is inferred directly from the raw audio without employing the standard pipeline composed of a separately trained speech recognizer and natural language understanding module. The downside of end-t...
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3,242
GCI detection from raw speech using a fully-convolutional network
eess.AS
Glottal Closure Instants (GCI) detection consists in automatically detecting temporal locations of most significant excitation of the vocal tract from the speech signal. It is used in many speech analysis and processing applications, and various algorithms have been proposed for this purpose. Recently, new approaches u...
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3,243
QuartzNet: Deep Automatic Speech Recognition with 1D Time-Channel Separable Convolutions
eess.AS
We propose a new end-to-end neural acoustic model for automatic speech recognition. The model is composed of multiple blocks with residual connections between them. Each block consists of one or more modules with 1D time-channel separable convolutional layers, batch normalization, and ReLU layers. It is trained with CT...
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3,244
End-to-end architectures for ASR-free spoken language understanding
eess.AS
Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) is the problem of extracting the meaning from speech utterances. It is typically addressed as a two-step problem, where an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model is employed to convert speech into text, followed by a Natural Language Understanding (NLU) model to extract meaning fro...
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3,245
End-to-end Domain-Adversarial Voice Activity Detection
eess.AS
Voice activity detection is the task of detecting speech regions in a given audio stream or recording. First, we design a neural network combining trainable filters and recurrent layers to tackle voice activity detection directly from the waveform. Experiments on the challenging DIHARD dataset show that the proposed en...
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3,246
Zero-Shot Multi-Speaker Text-To-Speech with State-of-the-art Neural Speaker Embeddings
eess.AS
While speaker adaptation for end-to-end speech synthesis using speaker embeddings can produce good speaker similarity for speakers seen during training, there remains a gap for zero-shot adaptation to unseen speakers. We investigate multi-speaker modeling for end-to-end text-to-speech synthesis and study the effects of...
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3,247
Learning deep representations by multilayer bootstrap networks for speaker diarization
eess.AS
The performance of speaker diarization is strongly affected by its clustering algorithm at the test stage. However, it is known that clustering algorithms are sensitive to random noises and small variations, particularly when the clustering algorithms themselves suffer some weaknesses, such as bad local minima and prio...
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3,248
Analyzing the impact of speaker localization errors on speech separation for automatic speech recognition
eess.AS
We investigate the effect of speaker localization on the performance of speech recognition systems in a multispeaker, multichannel environment. Given the speaker location information, speech separation is performed in three stages. In the first stage, a simple delay-and-sum (DS) beamformer is used to enhance the signal...
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3,249
SLOGD: Speaker LOcation Guided Deflation approach to speech separation
eess.AS
Speech separation is the process of separating multiple speakers from an audio recording. In this work we propose to separate the sources using a Speaker LOcalization Guided Deflation (SLOGD) approach wherein we estimate the sources iteratively. In each iteration we first estimate the location of the speaker and use it...
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3,250
Overlapped speech recognition from a jointly learned multi-channel neural speech extraction and representation
eess.AS
We propose an end-to-end joint optimization framework of a multi-channel neural speech extraction and deep acoustic model without mel-filterbank (FBANK) extraction for overlapped speech recognition. First, based on a multi-channel convolutional TasNet with STFT kernel, we unify the multi-channel target speech enhanceme...
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3,251
Modeling of Rakugo Speech and Its Limitations: Toward Speech Synthesis That Entertains Audiences
eess.AS
We have been investigating rakugo speech synthesis as a challenging example of speech synthesis that entertains audiences. Rakugo is a traditional Japanese form of verbal entertainment similar to a combination of one-person stand-up comedy and comic storytelling and is popular even today. In rakugo, a performer plays m...
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3,252
Deep neural networks for emotion recognition combining audio and transcripts
eess.AS
In this paper, we propose to improve emotion recognition by combining acoustic information and conversation transcripts. On the one hand, an LSTM network was used to detect emotion from acoustic features like f0, shimmer, jitter, MFCC, etc. On the other hand, a multi-resolution CNN was used to detect emotion from word ...
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3,253
Mask-dependent Phase Estimation for Monaural Speaker Separation
eess.AS
Speaker separation refers to isolating speech of interest in a multi-talker environment. Most methods apply real-valued Time-Frequency (T-F) masks to the mixture Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to reconstruct the clean speech. Hence there is an unavoidable mismatch between the phase of the reconstruction and the or...
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3,254
Signal-Adaptive and Perceptually Optimized Sound Zones with Variable Span Trade-Off Filters
eess.AS
Creating sound zones has been an active research field since the idea was first proposed. So far, most sound zone control methods rely on either an optimization of physical metrics such as acoustic contrast and signal distortion or a mode decomposition of the desired sound field. By using these types of methods, approx...
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3,255
Sound event detection via dilated convolutional recurrent neural networks
eess.AS
Convolutional recurrent neural networks (CRNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance for sound event detection (SED). In this paper, we propose to use a dilated CRNN, namely a CRNN with a dilated convolutional kernel, as the classifier for the task of SED. We investigate the effectiveness of dilation operations w...
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3,256
Cross-lingual Multi-speaker Text-to-speech Synthesis for Voice Cloning without Using Parallel Corpus for Unseen Speakers
eess.AS
We investigate a novel cross-lingual multi-speaker text-to-speech synthesis approach for generating high-quality native or accented speech for native/foreign seen/unseen speakers in English and Mandarin. The system consists of three separately trained components: an x-vector speaker encoder, a Tacotron-based synthesize...
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3,257
Automatic prediction of suicidal risk in military couples using multimodal interaction cues from couples conversations
eess.AS
Suicide is a major societal challenge globally, with a wide range of risk factors, from individual health, psychological and behavioral elements to socio-economic aspects. Military personnel, in particular, are at especially high risk. Crisis resources, while helpful, are often constrained by access to clinical visits ...
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3,258
Multi-Source Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using Improved Estimation Consistency Method
eess.AS
We address the problem of estimating direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) for multiple acoustic sources in a reverberant environment using a spherical microphone array. It is well-known that multi-source DOA estimation is challenging in the presence of room reverberation, environmental noise and overlapping sources. In this wo...
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3,259
Attention-based ASR with Lightweight and Dynamic Convolutions
eess.AS
End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) with sequence-to-sequence models has gained attention because of its simple model training compared with conventional hidden Markov model based ASR. Recently, several studies report the state-of-the-art E2E ASR results obtained by Transformer. Compared to recurrent ne...
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3,260
Attention-based gated scaling adaptative acoustic model for ctc-based speech recognition
eess.AS
In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive technique that uses an attention-based gated scaling (AGS) scheme to improve deep feature learning for connectionist temporal classification (CTC) acoustic modeling. In AGS, the outputs of each hidden layer of the main network are scaled by an auxiliary gate matrix extracted f...
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3,261
A Memory Augmented Architecture for Continuous Speaker Identification in Meetings
eess.AS
We introduce and analyze a novel approach to the problem of speaker identification in multi-party recorded meetings. Given a speech segment and a set of available candidate profiles, we propose a novel data-driven way to model the distance relations between them, aiming at identifying the speaker label corresponding to...
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3,262
Interpretable Filter Learning Using Soft Self-attention For Raw Waveform Speech Recognition
eess.AS
Speech recognition from raw waveform involves learning the spectral decomposition of the signal in the first layer of the neural acoustic model using a convolution layer. In this work, we propose a raw waveform convolutional filter learning approach using soft self-attention. The acoustic filter bank in the proposed mo...
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3,263
Noise dependent Super Gaussian-Coherence based dual microphone Speech Enhancement for hearing aid application using smartphone
eess.AS
In this paper, the coherence between speech and noise signals is used to obtain a Speech Enhancement (SE) gain function, in combination with a Super Gaussian Joint Maximum a Posteriori (SGJMAP) single microphone SE gain function. The proposed SE method can be implemented on a smartphone that works as an assistive devic...
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3,264
Phase-Aware Speech Enhancement with a Recurrent Two Stage Net work
eess.AS
We propose a neural network-based speech enhancement (SE) method called the phase-aware recurrent two stage network (rTSN). The rTSN is an extension of our previously proposed two stage network (TSN) framework. This TSN framework was equipped with a boosting strategy (BS) that initially estimates the multiple base pred...
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3,265
Source coding of audio signals with a generative model
eess.AS
We consider source coding of audio signals with the help of a generative model. We use a construction where a waveform is first quantized, yielding a finite bitrate representation. The waveform is then reconstructed by random sampling from a model conditioned on the quantized waveform. The proposed coding scheme is the...
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3,266
Improving LPCNet-based Text-to-Speech with Linear Prediction-structured Mixture Density Network
eess.AS
In this paper, we propose an improved LPCNet vocoder using a linear prediction (LP)-structured mixture density network (MDN). The recently proposed LPCNet vocoder has successfully achieved high-quality and lightweight speech synthesis systems by combining a vocal tract LP filter with a WaveRNN-based vocal source (i.e.,...
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3,267
Multitask Learning with Capsule Networks for Speech-to-Intent Applications
eess.AS
Voice controlled applications can be a great aid to society, especially for physically challenged people. However this requires robustness to all kinds of variations in speech. A spoken language understanding system that learns from interaction with and demonstrations from the user, allows the use of such a system in d...
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3,268
Multi-Branch Learning for Weakly-Labeled Sound Event Detection
eess.AS
There are two sub-tasks implied in the weakly-supervised SED: audio tagging and event boundary detection. Current methods which combine multi-task learning with SED requires annotations both for these two sub-tasks. Since there are only annotations for audio tagging available in weakly-supervised SED, we design multipl...
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3,269
Controllable Sequence-To-Sequence Neural TTS with LPCNET Backend for Real-time Speech Synthesis on CPU
eess.AS
State-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence acoustic networks, that convert a phonetic sequence to a sequence of spectral features with no explicit prosody prediction, generate speech with close to natural quality, when cascaded with neural vocoders, such as Wavenet. However, the combined system is typically too heavy for re...
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3,270
An LSTM Based Architecture to Relate Speech Stimulus to EEG
eess.AS
Modeling the relationship between natural speech and a recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) helps us understand how the brain processes speech and has various applications in neuroscience and brain-computer interfaces. In this context, so far mainly linear models have been used. However, the decoding performance of the ...
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3,271
Lightweight Online Separation of the Sound Source of Interest through BLSTM-Based Binary Masking
eess.AS
Online audio source separation has been an important part of auditory scene analysis and robot audition. The main type of technique to carry this out, because of its online capabilities, has been spatial filtering (or beamforming), where it is assumed that the location (mainly, the direction of arrival; DOA) of the sou...
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3,272
Multitask Learning and Multistage Fusion for Dimensional Audiovisual Emotion Recognition
eess.AS
Due to its ability to accurately predict emotional state using multimodal features, audiovisual emotion recognition has recently gained more interest from researchers. This paper proposes two methods to predict emotional attributes from audio and visual data using a multitask learning and a fusion strategy. First, mult...
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3,273
BUT System for the Second DIHARD Speech Diarization Challenge
eess.AS
This paper describes the winning systems developed by the BUT team for the four tracks of the Second DIHARD Speech Diarization Challenge. For tracks 1 and 2 the systems were mainly based on performing agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) of x-vectors, followed by another x-vector clustering based on Bayes hidden...
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3,274
Auxiliary Function-Based Algorithm for Blind Extraction of a Moving Speaker
eess.AS
Recently, Constant Separating Vector (CSV) mixing model has been proposed for the Blind Source Extraction (BSE) of moving sources. In this paper, we experimentally verify the applicability of CSV in the blind extraction of a moving speaker and propose a new BSE method derived by modifying the auxiliary function-based a...
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3,275
Vowels and Prosody Contribution in Neural Network Based Voice Conversion Algorithm with Noisy Training Data
eess.AS
This research presents a neural network based voice conversion (VC) model. While it is a known fact that voiced sounds and prosody are the most important component of the voice conversion framework, what is not known is their objective contributions particularly in a noisy and uncontrolled environment. This model uses ...
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3,276
Voice conversion using coefficient mapping and neural network
eess.AS
The research presents a voice conversion model using coefficient mapping and neural network. Most previous works on parametric speech synthesis did not account for losses in spectral details causing over smoothing and invariably, an appreciable deviation of the converted speech from the targeted speaker. An improved mo...
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3,277
Robust Audio Watermarking Using Graph-based Transform and Singular Value Decomposition
eess.AS
Graph-based Transform (GT) has been recently leveraged successfully in the signal processing domain, specifically for compression purposes. In this paper, we employ the GBT, as well as the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) with the goal to improve the robustness of audio watermarking against different attacks on the a...
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3,278
Acoustic Scene Classification using Audio Tagging
eess.AS
Acoustic scene classification systems using deep neural networks classify given recordings into pre-defined classes. In this study, we propose a novel scheme for acoustic scene classification which adopts an audio tagging system inspired by the human perception mechanism. When humans identify an acoustic scene, the exi...
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3,279
Deep Generative Variational Autoencoding for Replay Spoof Detection in Automatic Speaker Verification
eess.AS
Automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are highly vulnerable to presentation attacks, also called spoofing attacks. Replay is among the simplest attacks to mount - yet difficult to detect reliably. The generalization failure of spoofing countermeasures (CMs) has driven the community to study various alternative d...
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3,280
Dialect Identification of Spoken North Sámi Language Varieties Using Prosodic Features
eess.AS
This work explores the application of various supervised classification approaches using prosodic information for the identification of spoken North S\'ami language varieties. Dialects are language varieties that enclose characteristics specific for a given region or community. These characteristics reflect segmental a...
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3,281
Low Latency End-to-End Streaming Speech Recognition with a Scout Network
eess.AS
The attention-based Transformer model has achieved promising results for speech recognition (SR) in the offline mode. However, in the streaming mode, the Transformer model usually incurs significant latency to maintain its recognition accuracy when applying a fixed-length look-ahead window in each encoder layer. In thi...
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3,282
Evaluation of Error and Correlation-Based Loss Functions For Multitask Learning Dimensional Speech Emotion Recognition
eess.AS
The choice of a loss function is a critical part of machine learning. This paper evaluated two different loss functions commonly used in regression-task dimensional speech emotion recognition, an error-based and a correlation-based loss functions. We found that using a correlation-based loss function with a concordance...
electrics
3,283
Dual Attention in Time and Frequency Domain for Voice Activity Detection
eess.AS
Voice activity detection (VAD) is a challenging task in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment, especially in non-stationary noise. To deal with this issue, we propose a novel attention module that can be integrated in Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Our proposed attention module refines each LSTM layer's hidden st...
electrics
3,284
Mechanical classification of voice quality
eess.AS
While there is no a priori definition of good singing voices, we tend to make consistent evaluations of the quality of singing almost instantaneously. Such an instantaneous evaluation might be based on the sound spectrum that can be perceived in a short time. Here we devise a Bayesian algorithm that learns to evaluate ...
electrics
3,285
Improved Source Counting and Separation for Monaural Mixture
eess.AS
Single-channel speech separation in time domain and frequency domain has been widely studied for voice-driven applications over the past few years. Most of previous works assume known number of speakers in advance, however, which is not easily accessible through monaural mixture in practice. In this paper, we propose a...
electrics
3,286
On The Differences Between Song and Speech Emotion Recognition: Effect of Feature Sets, Feature Types, and Classifiers
eess.AS
In this paper, we evaluate the different features sets, feature types, and classifiers on both song and speech emotion recognition. Three feature sets: GeMAPS, pyAudioAnalysis, and LibROSA; two feature types: low-level descriptors and high-level statistical functions; and four classifiers: multilayer perceptron, LSTM, ...
electrics
3,287
Subband modeling for spoofing detection in automatic speaker verification
eess.AS
Spectrograms - time-frequency representations of audio signals - have found widespread use in neural network-based spoofing detection. While deep models are trained on the fullband spectrum of the signal, we argue that not all frequency bands are useful for these tasks. In this paper, we systematically investigate the ...
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3,288
Using Cyclic Noise as the Source Signal for Neural Source-Filter-based Speech Waveform Model
eess.AS
Neural source-filter (NSF) waveform models generate speech waveforms by morphing sine-based source signals through dilated convolution in the time domain. Although the sine-based source signals help the NSF models to produce voiced sounds with specified pitch, the sine shape may constrain the generated waveform when th...
electrics
3,289
Deep Multilayer Perceptrons for Dimensional Speech Emotion Recognition
eess.AS
Modern deep learning architectures are ordinarily performed on high-performance computing facilities due to the large size of the input features and complexity of its model. This paper proposes traditional multilayer perceptrons (MLP) with deep layers and small input size to tackle that computation requirement limitati...
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3,290
Emotional Voice Conversion With Cycle-consistent Adversarial Network
eess.AS
Emotional Voice Conversion, or emotional VC, is a technique of converting speech from one emotion state into another one, keeping the basic linguistic information and speaker identity. Previous approaches for emotional VC need parallel data and use dynamic time warping (DTW) method to temporally align the source-target...
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3,291
Multi-Target Emotional Voice Conversion With Neural Vocoders
eess.AS
Emotional voice conversion (EVC) is one way to generate expressive synthetic speech. Previous approaches mainly focused on modeling one-to-one mapping, i.e., conversion from one emotional state to another emotional state, with Mel-cepstral vocoders. In this paper, we investigate building a multi-target EVC (MTEVC) arch...
electrics
3,292
Noise Tokens: Learning Neural Noise Templates for Environment-Aware Speech Enhancement
eess.AS
In recent years, speech enhancement (SE) has achieved impressive progress with the success of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the DNN approach usually fails to generalize well to unseen environmental noise that is not included in the training. To address this problem, we propose "noise tokens" (NTs), which are a ...
electrics
3,293
An investigation of phone-based subword units for end-to-end speech recognition
eess.AS
Phones and their context-dependent variants have been the standard modeling units for conventional speech recognition systems, while characters and subwords have demonstrated their effectiveness for end-to-end recognition systems. We investigate the use of phone-based subwords, in particular, byte pair encoder (BPE), a...
electrics
3,294
Att-HACK: An Expressive Speech Database with Social Attitudes
eess.AS
This paper presents Att-HACK, the first large database of acted speech with social attitudes. Available databases of expressive speech are rare and very often restricted to the primary emotions: anger, joy, sadness, fear. This greatly limits the scope of the research on expressive speech. Besides, a fundamental aspect ...
electrics
3,295
MatchboxNet: 1D Time-Channel Separable Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Speech Commands Recognition
eess.AS
We present an MatchboxNet - an end-to-end neural network for speech command recognition. MatchboxNet is a deep residual network composed from blocks of 1D time-channel separable convolution, batch-normalization, ReLU and dropout layers. MatchboxNet reaches state-of-the-art accuracy on the Google Speech Commands dataset...
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3,296
Towards Fast and Accurate Streaming End-to-End ASR
eess.AS
End-to-end (E2E) models fold the acoustic, pronunciation and language models of a conventional speech recognition model into one neural network with a much smaller number of parameters than a conventional ASR system, thus making it suitable for on-device applications. For example, recurrent neural network transducer (R...
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3,297
Can Speaker Augmentation Improve Multi-Speaker End-to-End TTS?
eess.AS
Previous work on speaker adaptation for end-to-end speech synthesis still falls short in speaker similarity. We investigate an orthogonal approach to the current speaker adaptation paradigms, speaker augmentation, by creating artificial speakers and by taking advantage of low-quality data. The base Tacotron2 model is m...
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3,298
Scyclone: High-Quality and Parallel-Data-Free Voice Conversion Using Spectrogram and Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks
eess.AS
This paper proposes Scyclone, a high-quality voice conversion (VC) technique without parallel data training. Scyclone improves speech naturalness and speaker similarity of the converted speech by introducing CycleGAN-based spectrogram conversion with a simplified WaveRNN-based vocoder. In Scyclone, a linear spectrogram...
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3,299
Cross-Language Transfer Learning, Continuous Learning, and Domain Adaptation for End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition
eess.AS
In this paper, we demonstrate the efficacy of transfer learning and continuous learning for various automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks. We start with a pre-trained English ASR model and show that transfer learning can be effectively and easily performed on: (1) different English accents, (2) different languages (...
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