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37,709
Demonstration of Topological Data Analysis on a Quantum Processor
cs.AI
Topological data analysis offers a robust way to extract useful information from noisy, unstructured data by identifying its underlying structure. Recently, an efficient quantum algorithm was proposed [Lloyd, Garnerone, Zanardi, Nat. Commun. 7, 10138 (2016)] for calculating Betti numbers of data points -- topological f...
computer science
37,710
Knowledge Representation for High-Level Norms and Violation Inference in Logic Programming
cs.MA
Most of the knowledge Representation formalisms developed for representing prescriptive norms can be categorized as either suitable for representing either low level or high level norms.We argue that low level norm representations do not advance the cause of autonomy in agents in the sense that it is not the agent itse...
computer science
37,711
Efficient Learning of Optimal Markov Network Topology with k-Tree Modeling
cs.DS
The seminal work of Chow and Liu (1968) shows that approximation of a finite probabilistic system by Markov trees can achieve the minimum information loss with the topology of a maximum spanning tree. Our current paper generalizes the result to Markov networks of tree width $\leq k$, for every fixed $k\geq 2$. In parti...
computer science
37,712
Combinatorial framework for planning in geological exploration
cs.AI
The paper describes combinatorial framework for planning of geological exploration for oil-gas fields. The suggested scheme of the geological exploration involves the following stages: (1) building of special 4-layer tree-like model (layer of geological exploration): productive layer, group of productive layers, oil-ga...
computer science
37,713
CaosDB - Research Data Management for Complex, Changing, and Automated Research Workflows
cs.DB
Here we present CaosDB, a Research Data Management System (RDMS) designed to ensure seamless integration of inhomogeneous data sources and repositories of legacy data. Its primary purpose is the management of data from biomedical sciences, both from simulations and experiments during the complete research data lifecycl...
computer science
37,714
Entity Retrieval and Text Mining for Online Reputation Monitoring
cs.IR
Online Reputation Monitoring (ORM) is concerned with the use of computational tools to measure the reputation of entities online, such as politicians or companies. In practice, current ORM methods are constrained to the generation of data analytics reports, which aggregate statistics of popularity and sentiment on soci...
computer science
37,715
Quantified Degrees of Group Responsibility (Extended Abstract)
cs.MA
This paper builds on an existing notion of group responsibility and proposes two ways to define the degree of group responsibility: structural and functional degrees of responsibility. These notions measure the potential responsibilities of (agent) groups for avoiding a state of affairs. According to these notions, a d...
computer science
37,716
Evaluation of Interactive Machine Learning Systems
cs.AI
The evaluation of interactive machine learning systems remains a difficult task. These systems learn from and adapt to the human, but at the same time, the human receives feedback and adapts to the system. Getting a clear understanding of these subtle mechanisms of co-operation and co-adaptation is challenging. In this...
computer science
37,717
Multi-optional Many-sorted Past Present Future structures and its description
cs.LO
The cognitive theory of true conditions (CTTC) is a proposal to describe the model-theoretic semantics of symbolic cognitive architectures and design the implementation of cognitive abilities. The CTTC is formulated mathematically using the multi-optional many-sorted past present future(MMPPF) structures. This article ...
computer science
37,718
Symbol Emergence in Cognitive Developmental Systems: a Survey
cs.AI
Symbol emergence through a robot's own interactive exploration of the world without human intervention has been investigated now for several decades. However, methods that enable a machine to form symbol systems in a robust bottom-up manner are still missing. Clearly, this shows that we still do not have an appropriate...
computer science
37,719
FlashRL: A Reinforcement Learning Platform for Flash Games
cs.AI
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a research area that has blossomed tremendously in recent years and has shown remarkable potential in among others successfully playing computer games. However, there only exists a few game platforms that provide diversity in tasks and state-space needed to advance RL algorithms. The exis...
computer science
37,720
Representing the Insincere: Strategically Robust Proportional Representation
cs.GT
Proportional representation (PR) is a fundamental principle of many democracies world-wide which employ PR-based voting rules to elect their representatives. The normative properties of these voting rules however, are often only understood in the context of sincere voting. In this paper we consider PR in the presence...
computer science
37,721
Using deep Q-learning to understand the tax evasion behavior of risk-averse firms
cs.AI
Designing tax policies that are effective in curbing tax evasion and maximize state revenues requires a rigorous understanding of taxpayer behavior. This work explores the problem of determining the strategy a self-interested, risk-averse tax entity is expected to follow, as it "navigates" - in the context of a Markov ...
computer science
37,722
An Improved Tabu Search Heuristic for Static Dial-A-Ride Problem
cs.AI
Multi-vehicle routing has become increasingly important with the rapid development of autonomous vehicle technology. Dial-a-ride problem, a variant of vehicle routing problem (VRP), deals with the allocation of customer requests to vehicles, scheduling the pick-up and drop-off times and the sequence of serving those re...
computer science
37,723
Bounded Policy Synthesis for POMDPs with Safe-Reachability Objectives
cs.RO
Planning robust executions under uncertainty is a fundamental challenge for building autonomous robots. Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) provide a standard framework for modeling uncertainty in many robot applications. A key algorithmic problem for POMDPs is policy synthesis. While this problem h...
computer science
37,724
A Cross Entropy based Optimization Algorithm with Global Convergence Guarantees
cs.AI
The cross entropy (CE) method is a model based search method to solve optimization problems where the objective function has minimal structure. The Monte-Carlo version of the CE method employs the naive sample averaging technique which is inefficient, both computationally and space wise. We provide a novel stochastic a...
computer science
37,725
Cluster-based Approach to Improve Affect Recognition from Passively Sensed Data
cs.HC
Negative affect is a proxy for mental health in adults. By being able to predict participants' negative affect states unobtrusively, researchers and clinicians will be better positioned to deliver targeted, just-in-time mental health interventions via mobile applications. This work attempts to personalize the passive r...
computer science
37,726
Onto2Vec: joint vector-based representation of biological entities and their ontology-based annotations
cs.AI
We propose the Onto2Vec method, an approach to learn feature vectors for biological entities based on their annotations to biomedical ontologies. Our method can be applied to a wide range of bioinformatics research problems such as similarity-based prediction of interactions between proteins, classification of interact...
computer science
37,727
A Critical Investigation of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Navigation
cs.RO
The navigation problem is classically approached in two steps: an exploration step, where map-information about the environment is gathered; and an exploitation step, where this information is used to navigate efficiently. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms, alternatively, approach the problem of navigation i...
computer science
37,728
Recent Advances in Neural Program Synthesis
cs.AI
In recent years, deep learning has made tremendous progress in a number of fields that were previously out of reach for artificial intelligence. The successes in these problems has led researchers to consider the possibilities for intelligent systems to tackle a problem that humans have only recently themselves conside...
computer science
37,729
To the problem of "The Instrumental complex for ontological engineering purpose" software system design
cs.AI
The given work describes methodological principles of design instrumental complex of ontological purpose. Instrumental complex intends for the implementation of the integrated information technologies automated build of domain ontologies. Results focus on enhancing the effectiveness of the automatic analysis and unders...
computer science
37,730
Beyond Markov Logic: Efficient Mining of Prediction Rules in Large Graphs
cs.DB
Graph representations of large knowledge bases may comprise billions of edges. Usually built upon human-generated ontologies, several knowledge bases do not feature declared ontological rules and are far from being complete. Current rule mining approaches rely on schemata or store the graph in-memory, which can be unfe...
computer science
37,731
A New Algorithmic Decision for Categorical Syllogisms via Caroll's Diagrams
cs.AI
In this paper, we deal with a calculus system SLCD (Syllogistic Logic with Carroll Diagrams), which gives a formal approach to logical reasoning with diagrams, for representations of the fundamental Aristotelian categorical propositions and show that they are closed under the syllogistic criterion of inference which is...
computer science
37,732
Deep Neural Networks for Bot Detection
cs.AI
The problem of detecting bots, automated social media accounts governed by software but disguising as human users, has strong implications. For example, bots have been used to sway political elections by distorting online discourse, to manipulate the stock market, or to push anti-vaccine conspiracy theories that caused...
computer science
37,733
An Ontology Based Modeling Framework for Design of Educational Technologies
cs.CY
Despite rapid progress, most of the educational technologies today lack a strong instructional design knowledge basis leading to questionable quality of instruction. In addition, a major challenge is to customize these educational technologies for a wide range of instructional designs. Ontologies are one of the pertine...
computer science
37,734
REAS: Combining Numerical Optimization with SAT Solving
cs.PL
In this paper, we present ReaS, a technique that combines numerical optimization with SAT solving to synthesize unknowns in a program that involves discrete and floating point computation. ReaS makes the program end-to-end differentiable by smoothing any Boolean expression that introduces discontinuity such as conditio...
computer science
37,735
On the Relative Succinctness of Sentential Decision Diagrams
cs.CC
Sentential decision diagrams (SDDs) introduced by Darwiche in 2011 are a promising representation type used in knowledge compilation. The relative succinctness of representation types is an important subject in this area. The aim of the paper is to identify which kind of Boolean functions can be represented by SDDs of ...
computer science
37,736
PlayeRank: Multi-dimensional and role-aware rating of soccer player performance
stat.AP
The problem of rating the performance of soccer players is attracting the interest of many companies, websites, and the scientific community, thanks to the availability of massive data capturing all the events generated during a game (e.g., tackles, passes, shots, etc.). Existing approaches fail to fully exploit the ri...
computer science
37,737
Generating Plans that Predict Themselves
cs.RO
Collaboration requires coordination, and we coordinate by anticipating our teammates' future actions and adapting to their plan. In some cases, our teammates' actions early on can give us a clear idea of what the remainder of their plan is, i.e. what action sequence we should expect. In others, they might leave us less...
computer science
37,738
Value-Aware Item Weighting for Long-Tail Recommendation
cs.IR
Many recommender systems suffer from the popularity bias problem: popular items are being recommended frequently while less popular, niche products, are recommended rarely if not at all. However, those ignored products are exactly the products that businesses need to find customers for and their recommendations would b...
computer science
37,739
Measuring Human-perceived Similarity in Heterogeneous Collections
cs.AI
We present a technique for estimating the similarity between objects such as movies or foods whose proper representation depends on human perception. Our technique combines a modest number of human similarity assessments to infer a pairwise similarity function between the objects. This similarity function captures some...
computer science
37,740
Diversity is All You Need: Learning Skills without a Reward Function
cs.AI
Intelligent creatures can explore their environments and learn useful skills without supervision. In this paper, we propose DIAYN ("Diversity is All You Need"), a method for learning useful skills without a reward function. Our proposed method learns skills by maximizing an information theoretic objective using a maxim...
computer science
37,741
Estimating scale-invariant future in continuous time
cs.AI
Natural learners must compute an estimate of future outcomes that follow from a stimulus in continuous time. Critically, the learner cannot in general know a priori the relevant time scale over which meaningful relationships will be observed. Widely used reinforcement learning algorithms discretize continuous time and ...
computer science
37,742
Efficient Large-Scale Fleet Management via Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.MA
Large-scale online ride-sharing platforms have substantially transformed our lives by reallocating transportation resources to alleviate traffic congestion and promote transportation efficiency. An efficient fleet management strategy not only can significantly improve the utilization of transportation resources but als...
computer science
37,743
Human and Smart Machine Co-Learning with Brain Computer Interface
cs.AI
Machine learning has become a very popular approach for cybernetics systems, and it has always been considered important research in the Computational Intelligence area. Nevertheless, when it comes to smart machines, it is not just about the methodologies. We need to consider systems and cybernetics as well as include ...
computer science
37,744
Predicting Natural Hazards with Neuronal Networks
eess.IV
Gravitational mass flows, such as avalanches, debris flows and rockfalls are common events in alpine regions with high impact on transport routes. Within the last few decades, hazard zone maps have been developed to systematically approach this threat. These maps mark vulnerable zones in habitable areas to allow effect...
computer science
37,745
Artificial Intelligence and Legal Liability
cs.AI
A recent issue of a popular computing journal asked which laws would apply if a self-driving car killed a pedestrian. This paper considers the question of legal liability for artificially intelligent computer systems. It discusses whether criminal liability could ever apply; to whom it might apply; and, under civil law...
computer science
37,746
Manipulating and Measuring Model Interpretability
cs.AI
Despite a growing body of research focused on creating interpretable machine learning methods, there have been few empirical studies verifying whether interpretable methods achieve their intended effects on end users. We present a framework for assessing the effects of model interpretability on users via pre-registered...
computer science
37,747
STRIPStream: Integrating Symbolic Planners and Blackbox Samplers
cs.AI
Many planning applications involve complex relationships defined on high-dimensional, continuous variables. For example, robotic manipulation requires planning with kinematic, collision, and motion constraints involving robot configurations, object transforms, and robot trajectories. These constraints typically require...
computer science
37,748
A Framework in CRM Customer Lifecycle: Identify Downward Trend and Potential Issues Detection
cs.CY
Customer retention is one of the primary goals in the area of customer relationship management. A mass of work exists in which machine learning models or business rules are established to predict churn. However, targeting users at an early stage when they start to show a downward trend is a better strategy. In downward...
computer science
37,749
Can a Chatbot Determine My Diet?: Addressing Challenges of Chatbot Application for Meal Recommendation
cs.AI
Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, increased susceptibility to disease, impaired physical and mental development, and reduced productivity. A conversational agent can support people as a virtual coach, however building such systems still have its associated challenges and limitations. This paper describes the...
computer science
37,750
Surrogate Scoring Rules and a Dominant Truth Serum for Information Elicitation
cs.GT
We study information elicitation without verification (IEWV) and ask the following question: Can we achieve truthfulness in dominant strategy in IEWV? This paper considers two elicitation settings. The first setting is when the mechanism designer has access to a random variable that is a noisy or proxy version of the g...
computer science
37,751
A Model of Free Will for Artificial Entities
cs.MA
The impression of free will is the feeling according to which our choices are neither imposed from our inside nor from outside. It is the sense we are the ultimate cause of our acts. In direct opposition with the universal determinism, the existence of free will continues to be discussed. In this paper, free will is li...
computer science
37,752
Self-organizing maps and generalization: an algorithmic description of Numerosity and Variability Effects
cs.AI
Category, or property generalization is a central function in the human cognition. It plays a crucial role in a variety of domains, such as learning, everyday reasoning, specialized reasoning, and decision making. Judging the content of a dish as edible, a hormone level as healthy, a building as belonging to the same a...
computer science
37,753
MILE: A Multi-Level Framework for Scalable Graph Embedding
cs.AI
Recently there has been a surge of interest in designing graph embedding methods. Few, if any, can scale to a large-sized graph with millions of nodes due to both computational complexity and memory requirements. In this paper, we relax this limitation by introducing the MultI-Level Embedding (MILE) framework -- a gene...
computer science
37,754
Shaping Influence and Influencing Shaping: A Computational Red Teaming Trust-based Swarm Intelligence Model
cs.AI
Sociotechnical systems are complex systems, where nonlinear interaction among different players can obscure causal relationships. The absence of mechanisms to help us understand how to create a change in the system makes it hard to manage these systems. Influencing and shaping are social operators acting on sociotech...
computer science
37,755
Modelling and Analysis of Temporal Preference Drifts Using A Component-Based Factorised Latent Approach
cs.IR
The changes in user preferences can originate from substantial reasons, like personality shift, or transient and circumstantial ones, like seasonal changes in item popularities. Disregarding these temporal drifts in modelling user preferences can result in unhelpful recommendations. Moreover, different temporal pattern...
computer science
37,756
Generalized Binary Search For Split-Neighborly Problems
cs.AI
In sequential hypothesis testing, Generalized Binary Search (GBS) greedily chooses the test with the highest information gain at each step. It is known that GBS obtains the gold standard query cost of $O(\log n)$ for problems satisfying the $k$-neighborly condition, which requires any two tests to be connected by a seq...
computer science
37,757
Ab initio Algorithmic Causal Deconvolution of Intertwined Programs and Networks by Generative Mechanism
cs.AI
To extract and learn representations leading to generative mechanisms from data, especially without making arbitrary decisions and biased assumptions, is a central challenge in most areas of scientific research particularly in connection to current major limitations of influential topics and methods of machine and deep...
computer science
37,758
Discovering Bayesian Market Views for Intelligent Asset Allocation
cs.AI
Along with the advance of opinion mining techniques, public mood has been found to be a key element for stock market prediction. However, in what manner the market participants are affected by public mood has been rarely discussed. As a result, there has been little progress in leveraging public mood for the asset allo...
computer science
37,759
Identifying Sources and Sinks in the Presence of Multiple Agents with Gaussian Process Vector Calculus
cs.MA
In systems of multiple agents, identifying the cause of observed agent dynamics is challenging. Often, these agents operate in diverse, non-stationary environments, where models rely on hand-crafted environment-specific features to infer influential regions in the system's surroundings. To overcome the limitations of t...
computer science
37,760
Verification of Markov Decision Processes with Risk-Sensitive Measures
cs.AI
We develop a method for computing policies in Markov decision processes with risk-sensitive measures subject to temporal logic constraints. Specifically, we use a particular risk-sensitive measure from cumulative prospect theory, which has been previously adopted in psychology and economics. The nonlinear transformatio...
computer science
37,761
Integrating Human-Provided Information Into Belief State Representation Using Dynamic Factorization
cs.AI
In partially observed environments, it can be useful for a human to provide the robot with declarative information that augments its direct sensory observations. For instance, given a robot on a search-and-rescue mission, a human operator might suggest locations of interest. We provide a representation for the robot's ...
computer science
37,762
Representation Learning in Partially Observable Environments using Sensorimotor Prediction
cs.AI
In order to explore and act autonomously in an environment, an agent needs to learn from the sensorimotor information that is captured while acting. By extracting the regularities in this sensorimotor stream, it can learn a model of the world, which in turn can be used as a basis for action and exploration. This requ...
computer science
37,763
Q-CP: Learning Action Values for Cooperative Planning
cs.RO
Research on multi-robot systems has demonstrated promising results in manifold applications and domains. Still, efficiently learning an effective robot behaviors is very difficult, due to unstructured scenarios, high uncertainties, and large state dimensionality (e.g. hyper-redundant and groups of robot). To alleviate ...
computer science
37,764
Proceedings 6th International Workshop on Theorem proving components for Educational software
cs.AI
The 6th International Workshop on Theorem proving components for Educational software (ThEdu'17) was held in Gothenburg, Sweden, on 6 Aug 2017. It was associated to the conference CADE26. Topics of interest include: methods of automated deduction applied to checking students' input; methods of automated deduction appli...
computer science
37,765
Optimization with Gradient-Boosted Trees and Risk Control
math.OC
Decision trees effectively represent the sparse, high dimensional and noisy nature of chemical data from experiments. Having learned a function from this data, we may want to thereafter optimize the function, e.g., picking the best chemical process catalyst. In this way, we may repurpose legacy predictive models. This ...
computer science
37,766
Model-Free Control for Distributed Stream Data Processing using Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.DC
In this paper, we focus on general-purpose Distributed Stream Data Processing Systems (DSDPSs), which deal with processing of unbounded streams of continuous data at scale distributedly in real or near-real time. A fundamental problem in a DSDPS is the scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing average end-to-...
computer science
37,767
Localization under Topological Uncertainty for Lane Identification of Autonomous Vehicles
cs.RO
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require accurate metric and topological location estimates for safe, effective navigation and decision-making. Although many high-definition (HD) roadmaps exist, they are not always accurate since public roads are dynamic, shaped unpredictably by both human activity and nature. Thus, AVs must ...
computer science
37,768
Cooperative Tracking of Cyclists Based on Smart Devices and Infrastructure
cs.CY
In future traffic scenarios, vehicles and other traffic participants will be interconnected and equipped with various types of sensors, allowing for cooperation based on data or information exchange. This article presents an approach to cooperative tracking of cyclists using smart devices and infrastructure-based senso...
computer science
37,769
MIRIAM: A Multimodal Chat-Based Interface for Autonomous Systems
cs.AI
We present MIRIAM (Multimodal Intelligent inteRactIon for Autonomous systeMs), a multimodal interface to support situation awareness of autonomous vehicles through chat-based interaction. The user is able to chat about the vehicle's plan, objectives, previous activities and mission progress. The system is mixed initiat...
computer science
37,770
Optimal Stochastic Package Delivery Planning with Deadline: A Cardinality Minimization in Routing
cs.AI
Vehicle Routing Problem with Private fleet and common Carrier (VRPPC) has been proposed to help a supplier manage package delivery services from a single depot to multiple customers. Most of the existing VRPPC works consider deterministic parameters which may not be practical and uncertainty has to be taken into accoun...
computer science
37,771
Synthesizing Neural Network Controllers with Probabilistic Model based Reinforcement Learning
cs.RO
We present an algorithm for rapidly learning controllers for robotics systems. The algorithm follows the model-based reinforcement learning paradigm, and improves upon existing algorithms; namely Probabilistic learning in Control (PILCO) and a sample-based version of PILCO with neural network dynamics (Deep-PILCO). We ...
computer science
37,772
Billion-scale Commodity Embedding for E-commerce Recommendation in Alibaba
cs.IR
Recommender systems (RSs) have been the most important technology for increasing the business in Taobao, the largest online consumer-to-consumer (C2C) platform in China. The billion-scale data in Taobao creates three major challenges to Taobao's RS: scalability, sparsity and cold start. In this paper, we present our te...
computer science
37,773
GPSP: Graph Partition and Space Projection based Approach for Heterogeneous Network Embedding
cs.SI
In this paper, we propose GPSP, a novel Graph Partition and Space Projection based approach, to learn the representation of a heterogeneous network that consists of multiple types of nodes and links. Concretely, we first partition the heterogeneous network into homogeneous and bipartite subnetworks. Then, the projectiv...
computer science
37,774
Realizing Intelligence
cs.AI
Order exists in the world. The intelligence process enables us to realize that order, to some extent. We provide a high level description of intelligence using simple definitions, basic building blocks, a conceptual framework and general hierarchy. This perspective includes multiple levels of abstraction occurring in s...
computer science
37,775
Value Alignment, Fair Play, and the Rights of Service Robots
cs.CY
Ethics and safety research in artificial intelligence is increasingly framed in terms of "alignment" with human values and interests. I argue that Turing's call for "fair play for machines" is an early and often overlooked contribution to the alignment literature. Turing's appeal to fair play suggests a need to correct...
computer science
37,776
Simultaneous Task Allocation and Planning Under Uncertainty
cs.AI
We propose novel techniques for task allocation and planning in multi-robot systems operating in uncertain environments. Task allocation is performed simultaneously with planning, which provides more detailed information about individual robot behaviour, but also exploits the independence between tasks to do so efficie...
computer science
37,777
DeepCAS: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Control-Aware Scheduling
cs.SY
We consider networked control systems consisting of multiple independent closed-loop control subsystems, operating over a shared communication network. Such systems are ubiquitous in cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things, and large-scale industrial systems. In many large-scale settings, the size of the communicati...
computer science
37,778
A Deep Learning Based Behavioral Approach to Indoor Autonomous Navigation
cs.AI
We present a semantically rich graph representation for indoor robotic navigation. Our graph representation encodes: semantic locations such as offices or corridors as nodes, and navigational behaviors such as enter office or cross a corridor as edges. In particular, our navigational behaviors operate directly from vis...
computer science
37,779
Predicting Crime Using Spatial Features
cs.AI
Our study aims to build a machine learning model for crime prediction using geospatial features for different categories of crime. The reverse geocoding technique is applied to retrieve open street map (OSM) spatial data. This study also proposes finding hotpoints extracted from crime hotspots area found by Hierarchica...
computer science
37,780
Multi-Sensor Conflict Measurement and Information Fusion
eess.SP
In sensing applications where multiple sensors observe the same scene, fusing sensor outputs can provide improved results. However, if some of the sensors are providing lower quality outputs, the fused results can be degraded. In this work, a multi-sensor conflict measure is proposed which estimates multi-sensor confli...
computer science
37,781
On Cryptographic Attacks Using Backdoors for SAT
cs.AI
Propositional satisfiability (SAT) is at the nucleus of state-of-the-art approaches to a variety of computationally hard problems, one of which is cryptanalysis. Moreover, a number of practical applications of SAT can only be tackled efficiently by identifying and exploiting a subset of formula's variables called backd...
computer science
37,782
Beyond Patient Monitoring: Conversational Agents Role in Telemedicine & Healthcare Support For Home-Living Elderly Individuals
cs.CY
There is a need for systems to dynamically interact with ageing populations to gather information, monitor health condition and provide support, especially after hospital discharge or at-home settings. Several smart devices have been delivered by digital health, bundled with telemedicine systems, smartphone and other d...
computer science
37,783
Heuristics for vehicle routing problems: Sequence or set optimization?
math.OC
We investigate a structural decomposition for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) based on vehicle-to-customer "assignment" and visits "sequencing" decision variables. We show that an heuristic search focused on assignment decisions with a systematic optimal choice of sequences (using Concorde TSP solver) du...
computer science
37,784
ORGaNICs: A Theory of Working Memory in Brains and Machines
cs.AI
Working memory is a cognitive process that is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information. Most of the empirical neuroscience research on working memory has focused on measuring sustained activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and/or parietal cortex during simple delayed-response tasks, and most of th...
computer science
37,785
Tell Me Why Is It So? Explaining Knowledge Graph Relationships by Finding Descriptive Support Passages
cs.AI
We address the problem of finding descriptive explanations of facts stored in a knowledge graph. This is important in high-risk domains such as healthcare, intelligence, etc. where users need additional information for decision making and is especially crucial for applications that rely on automatically constructed kno...
computer science
37,786
Viewpoint: Artificial Intelligence and Labour
cs.CY
The welfare of modern societies has been intrinsically linked to wage labour. With some exceptions, the modern human has to sell her labour-power to be able reproduce biologically and socially. Thus, a lingering fear of technological unemployment features predominately as a theme among Artificial Intelligence researche...
computer science
37,787
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Software Defined Networking: A Comprehensive Overview
cs.AI
In recent years, the increased demand for dynamic management of network resources in modern computer networks in general and in today's data centers in particular has resulted in a new promising architecture, in which a more flexible controlling functionalities can be achieved with high level of abstraction. In softwar...
computer science
37,788
Blaming humans in autonomous vehicle accidents: Shared responsibility across levels of automation
cs.AI
When a semi-autonomous car crashes and harms someone, how are blame and causal responsibility distributed across the human and machine drivers? In this article, we consider cases in which a pedestrian was hit and killed by a car being operated under shared control of a primary and a secondary driver. We find that when ...
computer science
37,789
Closing the AI Knowledge Gap
cs.CY
AI researchers employ not only the scientific method, but also methodology from mathematics and engineering. However, the use of the scientific method - specifically hypothesis testing - in AI is typically conducted in service of engineering objectives. Growing interest in topics such as fairness and algorithmic bias s...
computer science
37,790
The Three Pillars of Machine-Based Programming
cs.AI
In this position paper, we describe our vision of the future of machine-based programming through a categorical examination of three pillars of research. Those pillars are: (i) intention, (ii) invention, and(iii) adaptation. Intention emphasizes advancements in the human-to-computer and computer-to-machine-learning int...
computer science
37,791
Ontology-Based Reasoning about the Trustworthiness of Cyber-Physical Systems
cs.CR
It has been challenging for the technical and regulatory communities to formulate requirements for trustworthiness of the cyber-physical systems (CPS) due to the complexity of the issues associated with their design, deployment, and operations. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), through a pub...
computer science
37,792
Enslaving the Algorithm: From a "Right to an Explanation" to a "Right to Better Decisions"?
cs.AI
As concerns about unfairness and discrimination in "black box" machine learning systems rise, a legal "right to an explanation" has emerged as a compellingly attractive approach for challenge and redress. We outline recent debates on the limited provisions in European data protection law, and introduce and analyze newe...
computer science
37,793
A framework for Culture-aware Robots based on Fuzzy Logic
cs.RO
Cultural adaptation, i.e., the matching of a robot's behaviours to the cultural norms and preferences of its user, is a well known key requirement for the success of any assistive application. However, culture-dependent robot behaviours are often implicitly set by designers, thus not allowing for an easy and automatic ...
computer science
37,794
Particle Swarm Optimization: An efficient method for tracing periodic orbits in 3D galactic potentials
cs.NA
We propose the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as an alternative method for locating periodic orbits in a three--dimensional (3D) model of barred galaxies. We develop an appropriate scheme that transforms the problem of finding periodic orbits into the problem of detecting global minimizers of a function, which is de...
computer science
37,795
Ocular dominance patterns in mammalian visual cortex: A wire length minimization approach
cs.NE
We propose a theory for ocular dominance (OD) patterns in mammalian primary visual cortex. This theory is based on the premise that OD pattern is an adaptation to minimize the length of intra-cortical wiring. Thus we can understand the existing OD patterns by solving a wire length minimization problem. We divide all th...
computer science
37,796
Linking Microscopic and Macroscopic Models for Evolution: Markov Chain Network Training and Conservation Law Approximations
cs.CE
In this paper, a general framework for the analysis of a connection between the training of artificial neural networks via the dynamics of Markov chains and the approximation of conservation law equations is proposed. This framework allows us to demonstrate an intrinsic link between microscopic and macroscopic models f...
computer science
37,797
Genetic Algorithms in Time-Dependent Environments
cs.NE
The influence of time-dependent fitnesses on the infinite population dynamics of simple genetic algorithms (without crossover) is analyzed. Based on general arguments, a schematic phase diagram is constructed that allows one to characterize the asymptotic states in dependence on the mutation rate and the time scale of ...
computer science
37,798
Adaptive evolution on neutral networks
cs.NE
We study the evolution of large but finite asexual populations evolving in fitness landscapes in which all mutations are either neutral or strongly deleterious. We demonstrate that despite the absence of higher fitness genotypes, adaptation takes place as regions with more advantageous distributions of neutral genotype...
computer science
37,799
The importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes
cs.NE
Based on a calculation of neural decoherence rates, we argue that that the degrees of freedom of the human brain that relate to cognitive processes should be thought of as a classical rather than quantum system, i.e., that there is nothing fundamentally wrong with the current classical approach to neural network simula...
computer science
37,800
Selective pressures on genomes in molecular evolution
cs.NE
We describe the evolution of macromolecules as an information transmission process and apply tools from Shannon information theory to it. This allows us to isolate three independent, competing selective pressures that we term compression, transmission, and neutrality selection. The first two affect genome length: the p...
computer science
37,801
Network Structure and Dynamics, and Emergence of Robustness by Stabilizing Selection in an Artificial Genome
cs.NE
Genetic regulation is a key component in development, but a clear understanding of the structure and dynamics of genetic networks is not yet at hand. In this work we investigate these properties within an artificial genome model originally introduced by Reil. We analyze statistical properties of randomly generated geno...
computer science
37,802
Emergent Network Structure, evolvable Robustness and non-linear Effects of Point Mutations in an Artificial Genome Model
cs.NE
Genetic regulation is a key component in development, but a clear understanding of the structure and dynamics of genetic networks is not yet at hand. In this paper we investigate these properties within an artificial genome model originally introduced by Reil (1999). We analyze statistical properties of randomly genera...
computer science
37,803
Evolutionary method for finding communities in bipartite networks
cs.NE
An important step in unveiling the relation between network structure and dynamics defined on networks is to detect communities, and numerous methods have been developed separately to identify community structure in different classes of networks, such as unipartite networks, bipartite networks, and directed networks. W...
computer science
37,804
Biologically Inspired Design Principles for Scalable, Robust, Adaptive, Decentralized Search and Automated Response (RADAR)
cs.NE
Distributed search problems are ubiquitous in Artificial Life (ALife). Many distributed search problems require identifying a rare and previously unseen event and producing a rapid response. This challenge amounts to finding and removing an unknown needle in a very large haystack. Traditional computational search model...
computer science
37,805
Optimization hardness as transient chaos in an analog approach to constraint satisfaction
cs.CC
Boolean satisfiability [1] (k-SAT) is one of the most studied optimization problems, as an efficient (that is, polynomial-time) solution to k-SAT (for $k\geq 3$) implies efficient solutions to a large number of hard optimization problems [2,3]. Here we propose a mapping of k-SAT into a deterministic continuous-time dyn...
computer science
37,806
Monotonicity of Fitness Landscapes and Mutation Rate Control
cs.IT
The typical view in evolutionary biology is that mutation rates are minimised. Contrary to that view, studies in combinatorial optimisation and search have shown a clear advantage of using variable mutation rates as a control parameter to optimise the performance of evolutionary algorithms. Ronald Fisher's work is the ...
computer science
37,807
DNA Reservoir Computing: A Novel Molecular Computing Approach
cs.NE
We propose a novel molecular computing approach based on reservoir computing. In reservoir computing, a dynamical core, called a reservoir, is perturbed with an external input signal while a readout layer maps the reservoir dynamics to a target output. Computation takes place as a transformation from the input space to...
computer science
37,808
Learning, Generalization, and Functional Entropy in Random Automata Networks
cs.NE
It has been shown \citep{broeck90:physicalreview,patarnello87:europhys} that feedforward Boolean networks can learn to perform specific simple tasks and generalize well if only a subset of the learning examples is provided for learning. Here, we extend this body of work and show experimentally that random Boolean netwo...
computer science