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6,200 | Deep-Sea Acoustic Neutrino Detection and the AMADEUS System as a Multi-Purpose Acoustic Array | astro-ph.IM | The use of conventional neutrino telescope methods and technology for
detecting neutrinos with energies above 1 EeV from astrophysical sources would
be prohibitively expensive and may turn out to be technically not feasible.
Acoustic detection is a promising alternative for future deep-sea neutrino
telescopes operating... | physics |
6,201 | Status and First Results of the Acoustic Detection Test System AMADEUS | astro-ph.IM | The AMADEUS system is integrated in the ANTARES neutrino telescope in the
Mediterranean Sea and aims for the investigation of acoustic particle detection
techniques in the deep sea. Installed at a depth of more than 2000m, the
acoustic sensors of AMADEUS are using piezo-ceramic elements for the broad-band
recording of ... | physics |
6,202 | Modeling and Reproducibility of Suzaku HXD PIN/GSO Background | astro-ph.IM | Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) achieved the lowest background level than
any other previously or currently operational missions sensitive in the energy
range of 10--600 keV, by utilizing PIN photodiodes and GSO scintillators
mounted in the BGO active shields to reject particle background and
Compton-scattered events ... | physics |
6,203 | The ARCADE 2 Instrument | astro-ph.IM | The second generation Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and
Diffuse Emission (ARCADE 2) instrument is a balloon-borne experiment to measure
the radiometric temperature of the cosmic microwave background and Galactic and
extra-Galactic emission at six frequencies from 3 to 90 GHz. ARCADE 2 utilizes
a doub... | physics |
6,204 | The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and the Future of Ultraviolet Astronomy | astro-ph.IM | I describe the capabilities of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, scheduled for
May 2009 installation on the Hubble Space Telescope. With a factor-of-ten
increase in far-UV throughput for moderate resolution spectroscopy, COS will
enable a range of scientific programs that study hot stars, AGN, and gas in the
interstella... | physics |
6,205 | Findings of the Joint Dark Energy Mission Figure of Merit Science Working Group | astro-ph.IM | These are the findings of the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) Figure of
Merit (FoM) Science Working Group (SWG), the FoMSWG. JDEM is a space mission
planned by NASA and the DOE for launch in the 2016 time frame. The primary
mission is to explore the nature of dark energy. In planning such a mission, it
is necessary to... | physics |
6,206 | High performance computing for classic gravitational N-body systems | astro-ph.IM | The role of gravity is crucial in astrophysics. It determines the evolution
of any system, over an enormous range of time and space scales. Astronomical
stellar systems as composed by N interacting bodies represent examples of
self-gravitating systems, usually treatable with the aid of newtonian gravity
but for particu... | physics |
6,207 | Status of NEMO: results from the NEMO Phase-1 detector | astro-ph.IM | The NEMO Collaboration installed an underwater detector including most of the
critical elements of a possible km$^3$ neutrino telescope: a four-floor tower
(called Mini-Tower) and a Junction Box, including the data transmission, the
power distribution, the timing calibration and the acoustic positioning
systems. These ... | physics |
6,208 | VLBI Polarisation with the Yebes (EVN) and Hobart (LBA) antennae | astro-ph.IM | Work has been on-going for the development of the required code for full
polarisation processing of VLBI data using some new antennae mounts. The
extensions of AIPS allows the support of two new mount types; the left-handed
and right-handed Nasmyth antennae (Pico Veleta in the GMVA and Yebes-40m in the
EVN) and the EW-... | physics |
6,209 | Integrated Laboratory Demonstrations of Multi-Object Adaptive Optics on a Simulated 10-Meter Telescope at Visible Wavelengths | astro-ph.IM | One important frontier for astronomical adaptive optics (AO) involves methods
such as Multi-Object AO and Multi-Conjugate AO that have the potential to give
a significantly larger field of view than conventional AO techniques. A second
key emphasis over the next decade will be to push astronomical AO to visible
wavelen... | physics |
6,210 | PCA Tomography: how to extract information from datacubes | astro-ph.IM | Astronomy has evolved almost exclusively by the use of spectroscopic and
imaging techniques, operated separately. With the development of modern
technologies it is possible to obtain datacubes in which one combines both
techniques simultaneously, producing images with spectral resolution. To
extract information from th... | physics |
6,211 | Gipsy 3D: Analysis, Visualization and Vo-Tools | astro-ph.IM | The scientific goals of the AMIGA project are based on the analysis of a
significant amount of spectroscopic 3D data. In order to perform this work we
present an initiative to develop a new VO compliant package, including present
core applications and tasks offered by the Groningen Image Processing System
(GIPSY), and ... | physics |
6,212 | Apodized Lyot Coronagraph for VLT-SPHERE: Laboratory tests and performances of a first prototype in the visible | astro-ph.IM | We present some of the High Dynamic Range Imaging activities developed around
the coronagraphic test-bench of the Laboratoire A. H. Fizeau (Nice). They
concern research and development of an Apodized Lyot Coronagraph (ALC) for the
VLT-SPHERE instrument and experimental results from our testbed working in the
visible do... | physics |
6,213 | Optimization of mapping modes for heterodyne instruments | astro-ph.IM | Astronomic line mapping with single-pixel instruments is usually performed in
an on-the-fly (OTF) or a raster-mapping mode depending on the capabilities of
the telescope and the instrument. The observing efficiency can be increased by
combining several source-point integrations with a common reference
measurement. This... | physics |
6,214 | Data Models for Radio Astronomy in the VO | astro-ph.IM | Data Models are an essential part of automatic data processing, but even more
so when trying to tie together data coming from many different data sources, as
is the case for the International Virtual Observatory. In this talk we will
review the different data models used in the IVOA, which parts of that Data
Modelling ... | physics |
6,215 | The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms | astro-ph.IM | The Lomb-Scargle periodogram is a common tool in the frequency analysis of
unequally spaced data equivalent to least-squares fitting of sine waves. We
give an analytic solution for the generalisation to a full sine wave fit,
including an offset and weights ($\chi^{2}$ fitting). Compared to the
Lomb-Scargle periodogram,... | physics |
6,216 | Calibration of Low-Frequency, Wide-Field Radio Interferometers Using Delay/Delay-Rate Filtering | astro-ph.IM | We present a filtering technique that can be applied to individual baselines
of wide-bandwidth, wide-field interferometric data to geometrically select
regions on the celestial sphere that contain primary calibration sources. The
technique relies on the Fourier transformation of wide-band frequency spectra
from a given... | physics |
6,217 | Variability type classification of multi-epoch surveys | astro-ph.IM | The classification of time series from photometric large scale surveys into
variability types and the description of their properties is difficult for
various reasons including but not limited to the irregular sampling, the
usually few available photometric bands, and the diversity of variable objects.
Furthermore, it ... | physics |
6,218 | Maximum-likelihood detection of sources among Poissonian noise | astro-ph.IM | A maximum likelihood (ML) technique for detecting compact sources in images
of the x-ray sky is examined. Such images, in the relatively low exposure
regime accessible to present x-ray observatories, exhibit Poissonian noise at
background flux levels. A variety of source detection methods are compared via
Monte Carlo, ... | physics |
6,219 | New Simple Method for Analysis of Extensive Air Showers | astro-ph.IM | Cosmic rays have valuable information about universe surroundings us. Finding
energy, mass and arrival direction of primary cosmic ray particle are the most
important aspects of extensive air shower studies. In order to determine these
parameters, arrival direction and core position of extensive air showers should
be d... | physics |
6,220 | A new model for archiving synoptic data in the VISTA Data Flow System | astro-ph.IM | The VISTA Data Flow System comprises nightly pipeline and archiving of near
infrared data from UKIRT-WFCAM and VISTA. This includes multi-epoch data which
can be used to find moving and variable objects. We have developed a new model
for archiving these data which gives the user an extremely flexible and
reliable data ... | physics |
6,221 | The Nordic Optical Telescope | astro-ph.IM | An overview of the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) is presented. Emphasis is
on current capabilities of direct interest to the scientific user community,
including instruments. Educational services and prospects and strategies for
the future are discussed briefly as well. | physics |
6,222 | An Abs Algorithm for a Class of Systems of Stochastic Linear Equations | astro-ph.IM | This paper is to explore a model of the ABS Algorithms dealing with the
solution of a class of systems of linear stochastic equations $A\xi=\eta$ when
$\eta$ is a $m$-dimensional normal distribution. It is shown that the stepsize
$\alpha_i$ is distributed as $N(u_i,\sigma_i)$ (being $u_i$ the expected value
of $\alpha_... | physics |
6,223 | Position reconstruction of acoustic sources with the AMADEUS Detector | astro-ph.IM | This article focuses on techniques for position reconstruction of acoustic
point sources with the AMADEUS setup consisting of 36 acoustic sensors in the
Mediterranean Sea. The direction reconstruction of an acoustic point source
utilizes the information of the 6 small-volume hydrophone clusters of AMADEUS
individually.... | physics |
6,224 | High-Impact Astronomical Observatories | astro-ph.IM | We derive the ranking of the astronomical observatories with the highest
impact in astronomy based on the citation analysis of papers published in 2006.
We also present a description of the methodology we use to derive this ranking.
The current ranking is lead by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, followed by Swift
and the ... | physics |
6,225 | On the intensity interferometry and the second-order correlation function $g^{(2)}$ in astrophysics | astro-ph.IM | Most observational techniques in astronomy can be understood as exploiting
the various forms of the first-order correlation function g^(1). As however
demonstrated by the Narrabri Stellar Intensity Interferometer back in the
1960's by Hanbury Brown & Twiss, and which is the first experiment to measure
the second-order ... | physics |
6,226 | A Minimum Variance Method for Problems in Radio Antenna Placement | astro-ph.IM | Aperture synthesis radio telescopes generate images of celestial bodies from
data obtained from several radio antennas. Placement of these antennas has
always been a source of interesting problems. Often, several potentially
contradictory objectives like good image quality and low infra-structural cost
have to be satis... | physics |
6,227 | Limits to the energy resolution of a single Air Cherenkov Telescope at low energies | astro-ph.IM | The photon density on the ground is a fundamental quantity in all experiments
based on Cherenkov light measurements, e.g. in the Imaging Air Cherenkov
Telescopes (IACT). IACT's are commonly and successfully used in order to search
and study Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-ray sources. Difficulties with
separating primary ... | physics |
6,228 | Carpet-3 - a new experiment to study primary composition around the knee | astro-ph.IM | We propose a new experiment to study primary composition around the knee. The
Carpet-3 EAS array is the further development of the Carpet-2 EAS array (1700 m
a.s.l., Baksan Valley) and it is supposed to be a multi-component and
multi-purpose array detecting, in the EASs with $E > 10^{13}$ eV, electrons,
gammas, muons (... | physics |
6,229 | Talking Amongst Ourselves - Communication in the Astronomical Software Community | astro-ph.IM | Meetings such as ADASS demonstrate that there is an enthusiasm for
communication within the astronomical software community. However, the amount
of information and experience that can flow around in the course of one,
relatively short, meeting is really quite limited. Ideally, these meetings
should be just a part of a ... | physics |
6,230 | Deep Underground Science and Engineering Lab: Dark Matter Working Group 2007 White Paper | astro-ph.IM | This whitepaper is the result of discussions and presentations initiated at
the DUSEL Town Meeting held in Washington in November 2007. The essential
elements of this report are:
- The quest to detect dark matter is a science goal of the very highest
priority, and is flagship science for DUSEL.
- The dark matter co... | physics |
6,231 | Astrophotonics: a new era for astronomical instruments | astro-ph.IM | Astrophotonics lies at the interface of astronomy and photonics. This
burgeoning field -- now formally recognized by the optics community -- has
emerged over the past decade in response to the increasing demands of
astronomical instrumentation. Early successes include: (i) planar waveguides to
combine signals from wide... | physics |
6,232 | Advanced Data Reduction Techniques for MUSE | astro-ph.IM | MUSE, a 2nd generation VLT instrument, will become the world's largest
integral field spectrograph. It will be an AO assisted instrument which, in a
single exposure, covers the wavelength range from 465 to 930 nm with an average
resolution of 3000 over a field of view of 1'x1' with 0.2'' spatial sampling.
Both the comp... | physics |
6,233 | Mid-infrared guided optics: a perspective for astronomical instruments | astro-ph.IM | Research activities during the last decade have shown the strong potential of
photonic devices to greatly simplify ground based and space borne astronomical
instruments and to improve their performance. We focus specifically on the
mid-infrared wavelength regime (about 5-20 microns), a spectral range offering
access to... | physics |
6,234 | Advances in Calibration and Imaging Techniques in Radio Interferometry | astro-ph.IM | This paper summarizes some of the major calibration and image reconstruction
techniques used in radio interferometry and describes them in a common
mathematical framework. The use of this framework has a number of benefits,
ranging from clarification of the fundamentals, use of standard numerical
optimization technique... | physics |
6,235 | GPUs for data processing in the MWA | astro-ph.IM | The MWA is a next-generation radio interferometer under construction in
remote Western Australia. The data rate from the correlator makes storing the
raw data infeasible, so the data must be processed in real-time. The processing
task is of order ~10 TFLOPS. The remote location of the MWA limits the power
that can be a... | physics |
6,236 | Monte-Carlo simulations of the background of the coded-mask camera for X- and Gamma-rays on-board the Chinese-French GRB mission SVOM | astro-ph.IM | For several decades now, wide-field coded mask cameras have been used with
success to localise Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In these instruments, the event
count rate is dominated by the photon background due to their large field of
view and large effective area. It is therefore essential to estimate the
instrument backgro... | physics |
6,237 | The Noao Newfirm Pipeline | astro-ph.IM | The NOAO NEWFIRM Pipeline produces instrumentally calibrated data products
and data quality measurements from all exposures taken with the NOAO Extremely
Wide-Field Infrared Imager (NEWFIRM) at the KPNO Mayall 4-meter telescope. We
describe the distributed nature of the NEWFIRM Pipeline, the calibration data
that are a... | physics |
6,238 | On-chip spectro-detection for fully integrated coherent beam combiners | astro-ph.IM | This paper presents how photonics associated with new arising detection
technologies is able to provide fully integrated instrument for coherent beam
combination applied to astrophysical interferometry. The feasibility and
operation of on-chip coherent beam combiners has been already demonstrated
using various interfer... | physics |
6,239 | Simulation and Fitting of Multi-Dimensional X-ray Data | astro-ph.IM | Astronomical data generally consists of 2 or more high-resolution axes, e.g.,
X,Y position on the sky or wavelength and position-along-one-axis (long-slit
spectrometer). Analyzing these multi-dimension observations requires combining
3D source models (including velocity effects), instrument models, and
multi-dimensiona... | physics |
6,240 | Data inversion for over-resolved spectral imaging in astronomy | astro-ph.IM | We present an original method for reconstructing a three-dimensional object
having two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension from data provided by
the infrared slit spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. During
acquisition, the light flux is deformed by a complex process comprising four
main element... | physics |
6,241 | Study of the atmospheric refraction in a single mode instrument - Application to AMBER/VLTI | astro-ph.IM | This paper presents a study of the atmospheric refraction and its effect on
the light coupling efficiency in an instrument using single-mode optical
fibers. We show the analytical approach which allowed us to assess the need to
correct the refraction in J- and H-bands while observing with an 8-m Unit
Telescope. We then... | physics |
6,242 | First light from the Dome C (Antarctica) of a phase knife stellar coronagraph | astro-ph.IM | We report on the first daytime on-sky results of a Phase Knife stellar
Coronagraph operated in the visible from the French-Italian Concordia station
at Dome C of Antarctica. This site has proven in the last few years to offer
excellent atmospheric seeing conditions for high spatial resolution
observations. The coronagr... | physics |
6,243 | An integrated optics beam combiner for the second generation VLTI instruments | astro-ph.IM | The very recent years have seen a promising start in scientific publications
making use of images produced by near-infrared long-baseline interferometry.
The technique has reached, at last, a technical maturity level that opens new
avenues for numerous astrophysical topics requiring milli-arcsecond
model-independent im... | physics |
6,244 | Simbol-X Background Minimization: Mirror Spacecraft Passive Shielding Trade-Off Study | astro-ph.IM | The present work shows a quantitative trade-off analysis of the Simbol-X
Mirror Spacecraft (MSC) passive shielding, in the phase space of the various
parameters: mass budget, dimension, geometry, and composition. A simplified
physical (and geometrical) model of the sky screen, implemented by means of a
GEANT4 simulatio... | physics |
6,245 | Non-linear Least Squares Fitting in IDL with MPFIT | astro-ph.IM | MPFIT is a port to IDL of the non-linear least squares fitting program
MINPACK-1. MPFIT inherits the robustness of the original FORTRAN version of
MINPACK-1, but is optimized for performance and convenience in IDL. In addition
to the main fitting engine, MPFIT, several specialized functions are provided
to fit 1-D curv... | physics |
6,246 | Radiative transfer in very optically thick circumstellar disks | astro-ph.IM | In this paper we present two efficient implementations of the diffusion
approximation to be employed in Monte Carlo computations of radiative transfer
in dusty media of massive circumstellar disks. The aim is to improve the
accuracy of the computed temperature structure and to decrease the computation
time. The accurac... | physics |
6,247 | A new approach to mitigation of radio frequency interference in interferometric data | astro-ph.IM | Radio frequency interference (RFI) is the principal factor limiting the
sensitivities of radio telescopes, particularly at frequencies below 1 GHz. I
present a conceptually new approach to mitigation of RFI in interferometric
data. This has been used to develop a software tool (RfiX) to remove RFI from
observations usi... | physics |
6,248 | Parametrized post-post-Newtonian analytical solution for light propagation | astro-ph.IM | An analytical solution for light propagation in the post-post-Newtonian
approximation is given for the Schwarzschild metric in harmonic gauge augmented
by PPN and post-linear parameters $\beta$, $\gamma$ and $\epsilon$. The
solutions of both Cauchy and boundary problem are given. The Cauchy problem is
posed using the i... | physics |
6,249 | Status and Sensitivity Projections for the XENON100 Dark Matter Experiment | astro-ph.IM | The XENON experimental program aims to detect cold dark matter particles via
their elastic collisions with xenon nuclei in two-phase time projection
chambers (TPCs). We are currently testing a new TPC at the 100 kg scale,
XENON100. This new, ultra-low background detector, has a total of 170 kg of
xenon (65 kg in the ta... | physics |
6,250 | The Faulkes Telescope Project: Not Just Pretty Pictures | astro-ph.IM | The Faulkes Telescope (FT) Project is an educational and research arm of the
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGTN). As well as producing
spectacular images of galaxies, nebulae, supernovae remnants, star clusters,
etc., the FT team is involved in several projects pursuing scientific goals.
Many of t... | physics |
6,251 | Studies of the muon-induced neutron background in LSM: detector concept and status of the installation | astro-ph.IM | A good particle candidate for Cold Dark Matter (CDM) is the supersymmetric
neutralino or more generally a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). The
expected interaction rate of WIMPs with the detector medium in the direct
detection experiments is below 0.01 events/kg/day. This makes a good knowledge
of the backgr... | physics |
6,252 | New Discoveries in Planetary Systems and Star Formation through Advances in Laboratory Astrophysics | astro-ph.IM | As the panel on Planetary Systems and Star Formation (PSF) is fully aware,
the next decade will see major advances in our understanding of these areas of
research. To quote from their charge, these advances will occur in studies of
solar system bodies (other than the Sun) and extrasolar planets, debris disks,
exobiolog... | physics |
6,253 | A new technique for timing the double pulsar system | astro-ph.IM | In 2004, McLaughlin et al. discovered a phenomenon in the radio emission of
PSR J0737-3039B (B) that resembles drifting sub-pulses. The repeat rate of the
sub-pulses is equal to the spin frequency of PSR J0737-3039A (A); this led to
the suggestion that they are caused by incidence upon B's magnetosphere of
electromagne... | physics |
6,254 | Statistics in astronomy | astro-ph.IM | Perhaps more than other physical sciences, astronomy is frequently
statistical in nature. The objects under study are inaccessible to direct
manipulation in the laboratory, so the astronomer is restricted to observing a
few external characteristics and inferring underlying properties and physics.
Astronomy played a pro... | physics |
6,255 | Hacking the Sky | astro-ph.IM | In this article I present some special astronomical scripts created for
Google Earth, Google Sky and Twitter. These 'hacks' are examples of the ways in
which such tools can be used either alone, in on conjunction with online
services. The result of a combination of multiple, online services to form a
new facility is ca... | physics |
6,256 | The Jodcast | astro-ph.IM | The Jodcast (www.jodcast.net) is a twice-monthly astronomy podcast from The
University of Manchester's Jodrell Bank Observatory. In this paper I give the
motivation and history of The Jodcast, as well as a description of The
Jodcast's content, operations, personnel, performance and aspirations. | physics |
6,257 | Inference of Coefficients for Use in Phase Correction I | astro-ph.IM | We present a Bayesian approach to calculating the coefficients that convert
the outputs of ALMA 183 GHz water-vapour radiometers into estimates of path
fluctuations which can then be used to correct the observed interferometric
visibilities. The key features of the approach are a simple, thin-layer,
three-parameter mod... | physics |
6,258 | The Large APEX Bolometer Camera LABOCA | astro-ph.IM | The Large APEX Bolometer Camera, LABOCA, has been commissioned for operation
as a new facility instrument t the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment 12m
submillimeter telescope. This new 295-bolometer total power camera, operating
in the 870 micron atmospheric window, combined with the high efficiency of APEX
and the excellen... | physics |
6,259 | CSPOB-Continuous Spectrophotometry of Black Holes | astro-ph.IM | The goal of a small and dedicated satellite called the "Continuous
Spectro-Photometry of Black Holes" or CSPOB is to provide the essential tool
for the theoretical understanding of the hydrodynamic and magneto-hydrodynamic
flows around black holes. In its life time of about three to four years, only a
half a dozen blac... | physics |
6,260 | Fresnel zone plates for Achromatic Imaging Survey of X-ray sources | astro-ph.IM | A telescope with Fresnel Zone Plates has been contemplated to be an excellent
imaging mask in X-rays and gamma-rays for quite some time. With a proper choice
of zone plate material, spacing and an appropriate readout system it is
possible to achieve any theoretical angular resolution. We provide the results
of numerica... | physics |
6,261 | Data boundary fitting using a generalised least-squares method | astro-ph.IM | In many astronomical problems one often needs to determine the upper and/or
lower boundary of a given data set. An automatic and objective approach
consists in fitting the data using a generalised least-squares method, where
the function to be minimized is defined to handle asymmetrically the data at
both sides of the ... | physics |
6,262 | Lossless Astronomical Image Compression and the Effects of Noise | astro-ph.IM | We compare a variety of lossless image compression methods on a large sample
of astronomical images and show how the compression ratios and speeds of the
algorithms are affected by the amount of noise in the images. In the ideal case
where the image pixel values have a random Gaussian distribution, the
equivalent numbe... | physics |
6,263 | Background-Source Separation in astronomical images with Bayesian probability theory (I): the method | astro-ph.IM | A probabilistic technique for the joint estimation of background and sources
with the aim of detecting faint and extended celestial objects is described.
Bayesian probability theory is applied to gain insight into the coexistence of
background and sources through a probabilistic two-component mixture model,
which provi... | physics |
6,264 | Simbol-X Hard X-ray Focusing Mirrors: Results Obtained During the Phase A Study | astro-ph.IM | Simbol-X will push grazing incidence imaging up to 80 keV, providing a strong
improvement both in sensitivity and angular resolution compared to all
instruments that have operated so far above 10 keV. The superb hard X-ray
imaging capability will be guaranteed by a mirror module of 100 electroformed
Nickel shells with ... | physics |
6,265 | The Prototype of the Small Synoptic Second Solar Spectrum Telescope (S5T) | astro-ph.IM | We present the design and the prototype of the Small Synoptic Second Solar
Spectrum Telescope (S5T), which can autonomously measure scattering
polarization signals on a daily basis with large sensitivity and accuracy. Its
data will be used to investigate the nature of weak, turbulent magnetic fields
through the Hanle e... | physics |
6,266 | Astronomical Applications for "Radial Polarimetry" | astro-ph.IM | Many objects on the sky exhibit a centrosymmetric polarization pattern,
particularly in cases involving single scattering around a central source.
Utilizing a novel liquid crystal device (the ``theta cell'') that transforms
the coordinate system of linear polarization in an image plane from Cartesian
to polar, the obse... | physics |
6,267 | Polarization properties of real aluminum mirrors; I. Influence of the aluminum oxide layer | astro-ph.IM | In polarimetry it is important to characterize the polarization properties of
the instrument itself to disentangle real astrophysical signals from
instrumental effects. This article deals with the accurate measurement and
modeling of the polarization properties of real aluminum mirrors, as used in
astronomical telescop... | physics |
6,268 | Experimental evidence for water formation on interstellar dust grains by hydrogen and oxygen atoms | astro-ph.IM | Context. The synthesis of water is one necessary step in the origin and
development of life. It is believed that pristine water is formed and grows on
the surface of icy dust grains in dark interstellar clouds. Until now, there
has been no experimental evidence whether this scenario is feasible or not on
an astrophysic... | physics |
6,269 | Wide-Field Astronomical Surveys in the Next Decade | astro-ph.IM | Wide-angle surveys have been an engine for new discoveries throughout the
modern history of astronomy, and have been among the most highly cited and
scientifically productive observing facilities in recent years. This trend is
likely to continue over the next decade, as many of the most important
questions in astrophys... | physics |
6,270 | Mapping low and high density clouds in astrophysical nebulae by imaging forbidden line emission | astro-ph.IM | Emission line ratios have been essential for determining physical parameters
such as gas temperature and density in astrophysical gaseous nebulae. With the
advent of panoramic spectroscopic devices, images of regions with emission
lines related to these physical parameters can, in principle, also be produced.
We show t... | physics |
6,271 | Educating the Next Generation of Leading Scientists: Turning Ideas into Action | astro-ph.IM | The core of scientific research is turning new ideas into reality. From the
school science fair to the search for the secrets of dark energy, high-quality
research consists of scientific investigation constrained within the scope of a
well-defined project. Large or small, generously funded or just scraping
by,scientifi... | physics |
6,272 | Astronomical Data Analysis and Sparsity: from Wavelets to Compressed Sensing | astro-ph.IM | Wavelets have been used extensively for several years now in astronomy for
many purposes, ranging from data filtering and deconvolution, to star and
galaxy detection or cosmic ray removal. More recent sparse representations such
ridgelets or curvelets have also been proposed for the detection of anisotropic
features su... | physics |
6,273 | Low-Energy Astrophysics: Stimulating the Reduction of Energy Consumption in the Next Decade | astro-ph.IM | In this paper we address the consumption of energy by astronomers while
performing their professional duties. Although we find that astronomy uses a
negligible fraction of the US energy budget, the rate at which energy is
consumed by an average astronomer is similar to that of a typical high-flying
businessperson. We r... | physics |
6,274 | The Importance of Hands-on Experience with Telescopes for Students | astro-ph.IM | Proper interpretation and understanding of astronomical data requires good
knowledge of the data acquisition process. The increase in remote observing,
queue observing, and the availability of large archived data products risk
insulating astronomers from the telescope, potentially reducing their
familiarity with the ob... | physics |
6,275 | Astronomical Software Wants To Be Free: A Manifesto | astro-ph.IM | Astronomical software is now a fact of daily life for all hands-on members of
our community. Purpose-built software for data reduction and modeling tasks
becomes ever more critical as we handle larger amounts of data and simulations.
However, the writing of astronomical software is unglamorous, the rewards are
not alwa... | physics |
6,276 | Studying the Imaging Characteristics of Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) through Numerical Simulations | astro-ph.IM | Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) is one of the five payloads aboard the
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)'s ASTROSAT space mission. The science
objectives of UVIT are broad, extending from individual hot stars, star-forming
regions to active galactic nuclei. Imaging performance of UVIT would depend on
seve... | physics |
6,277 | CTK - A new CCD Camera at the University Observatory Jena | astro-ph.IM | The Cassegrain-Teleskop-Kamera (CTK) is a new CCD imager which is operated at
the University Observatory Jena since begin of 2006. This article describes the
main characteristics of the new camera. The properties of the CCD detector, the
CTK image quality, as well as its detection limits for all filters are
presented. | physics |
6,278 | Laser Guide Stars for Extremely Large Telescopes: Efficient Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor Design using Weighted center-of-gravity algorithm | astro-ph.IM | Over the last few years increasing consideration has been given to the study
of Laser Guide Stars (LGS) for the measurement of the disturbance introduced by
the atmosphere in optical and near-infrared astronomical observations from the
ground. A possible method for the generation of a LGS is the excitation of the
Sodiu... | physics |
6,279 | Training of Instrumentalists and Development of New Technologies on SOFIA | astro-ph.IM | This white paper is submitted to the Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010 Decadal
Survey (Astro2010)1 Committee on the State of the Profession to emphasize the
potential of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) to
contribute to the training of instrumentalists and observers, and to related
technology ... | physics |
6,280 | FIASCO - A new Spectrograph at the University Observatory Jena | astro-ph.IM | A new spectrograph (FIASCO) is in operation at the 0.9m telescope of the
University Observatory Jena. This article describes the characterization of the
instrument and reports its first astronomical observations, among those Li
(670.8nm) detection in the atmosphere of young stars, and the simultaneous
photometric and s... | physics |
6,281 | High-Contrast Observations in Optical and Infrared Astronomy | astro-ph.IM | High-contrast observations in optical and infrared astronomy are defined as
any observation requiring a technique to reveal a celestial object of interest
that is in such close angular proximity to another source brighter by a factor
of at least 10^5 that optical effects hinder or prevent the collection of
photons dire... | physics |
6,282 | The Future of the European VLBI Network | astro-ph.IM | Guided by the recently published science case for the future of European
VLBI, EVN2015, a roadmap for the future of the EVN is sketched out in this
paper. The various desired technical improvements are being discussed with an
emphasis on the role of e-VLBI. With this innovation new scientific
capabilities are introduce... | physics |
6,283 | Increasing the Number of Underrepresented Minorities in Astronomy: Executive Summary | astro-ph.IM | Promoting racial and ethnic diversity is critically important to the future
success and growth of the field of astronomy. The raw ability, drive and
interest required to excel in the field is distributed without regard to race,
gender, or socioeconomic background. By not actively promoting diversity in our
field we ris... | physics |
6,284 | Increasing the Number of Underrepresented Minorities in Astronomy at the Undergraduate, Graduate, and Postdoctoral Levels (Paper I) | astro-ph.IM | If the ethnic makeup of the astronomy profession is to achieve parity with
the general population within one generation (~30 years), the number of
underrepresented minorities earning graduate degrees in astronomy and
astrophysics must increase in the coming decade by a factor of 5 to 10. To
accomplish this, the profess... | physics |
6,285 | Increasing the Number of Underrepresented Minorities in Astronomy Through K-12 Education and Public Outreach (Paper II) | astro-ph.IM | In order to attract, recruit and retain underrepresented minority students to
pursue Astronomy and related fields, we must ensure that there continues to be
a well qualified pool of graduate and undergraduate students from which to
recruit. This required pool of people are today's elementary, middle and high
school stu... | physics |
6,286 | Research Science and Education: The NSF's Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship | astro-ph.IM | The NSF's Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship (AAPF) is
exceptional among the available postdoctoral awards in Astronomy and
Astrophysics. The fellowship is one of the few that allows postdoctoral
researchers to pursue an original research program, of their own design, at the
U.S. institution of their ch... | physics |
6,287 | Discrimination of Recoil Backgrounds in Scintillating Calorimeters | astro-ph.IM | The alpha decay of $\n{{}^{210}Po}$ is a dangerous background to rare event
searches. Here, we describe observations related to this alpha decay in the
Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers (CRESST). We find
that lead nuclei show a scintillation light yield in our $\n{CaWO_4}$ crystals
of $0.014... | physics |
6,288 | Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization on centrally obscured pupils: design and first laboratory demonstration for the Subaru Telescope pupil | astro-ph.IM | High contrast coronagraphic imaging is challenging for telescopes with
central obstructions and thick spider vanes, such as the Subaru Telescope. We
present in this paper the first laboratory demonstration of a high efficiency
PIAA-type coronagraph on such a pupil, using coronagraphic optics which will be
part of the S... | physics |
6,289 | Astrophysical Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics | astro-ph.IM | The paper presents a detailed review of the smooth particle hydrodynamics
(SPH) method with particular focus on its astrophysical applications. We start
by introducing the basic ideas and concepts and thereby outline all ingredients
that are necessary for a practical implementation of the method in a working
SPH code. ... | physics |
6,290 | Stroke saturation on a MEMS deformable mirror for woofer-tweeter adaptive optics | astro-ph.IM | High-contrast imaging of extrasolar planet candidates around a main-sequence
star has recently been realized from the ground using current adaptive optics
(AO) systems. Advancing such observations will be a task for the Gemini Planet
Imager, an upcoming "extreme" AO instrument. High-order "tweeter" and low-order
"woofe... | physics |
6,291 | Building Large Area CZT Imaging Detectors for a Wide-Field Hard X-ray Telescope - ProtoEXIST1 | astro-ph.IM | We have constructed a moderately large area (32 cm2), fine pixel (2.5 mm
pixel, 5 mm thick) CZT imaging detector which constitutes the first section of
a detector module (256 cm2) developed for a balloon-borne wide-field hard X-ray
telescope, ProtoEXIST1. ProtoEXIST1 is a prototype for the High Energy
Telescope (HET) i... | physics |
6,292 | Indirect dark matter search with the balloon-borne PEBS detector | astro-ph.IM | A precision measurement of the cosmic-ray positron spectrum may help to solve
the puzzle of the nature of dark matter. Pairwise annihilation of neutralinos,
predicted by some supersymmetric extensions to the standard model of particle
physics, may leave a distinct feature in the cosmic-ray positron spectrum.
As the a... | physics |
6,293 | Leakage Currents and Capacitances of Thick CZT Detectors | astro-ph.IM | The quality of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors is steadily improving.
For state of the art detectors, readout noise is thus becoming an increasingly
important factor for the overall energy resolution. In this contribution, we
present measurements and calculations of the dark currents and capacitances of
0.5 cm-t... | physics |
6,294 | High Order Phase-fitted Discrete Lagrangian Integrators for Orbital Problems | astro-ph.IM | In this work, the benefits of the phase fitting technique are embedded in
high order discrete Lagrangian integrators. The proposed methodology creates
integrators with zero phase lag in a test Lagrangian in a similar way used in
phase fitted numerical methods for ordinary differential equations. Moreover,
an efficient ... | physics |
6,295 | Adaptive Optics Parameters connection to wind speed at the Teide Observatory | astro-ph.IM | Current projects for large telescopes demand a proper knowledge of
atmospheric turbulence to design efficient adaptive optics systems in order to
reach large Strehl ratios. However, the proper characterization of the
turbulence above a particular site requires long-term monitoring. Due to the
lack of long-term informat... | physics |
6,296 | An analytical solution for Kepler's problem | astro-ph.IM | In this paper we present a framework which provides an analytical (i.e.,
infinitely differentiable) transformation between spatial coordinates and
orbital elements for the solution of the gravitational two-body problem. The
formalism omits all singular variables which otherwise would yield
discontinuities. This method ... | physics |
6,297 | Self-gravity at the scale of the polar cell | astro-ph.IM | We present the exact calculus of the gravitational potential and acceleration
along the symmetry axis of a plane, homogeneous, polar cell as a function of
mean radius a, radial extension e, and opening angle f. Accurate approximations
are derived in the limit of high numerical resolution at the geometrical mean
<a> of ... | physics |
6,298 | The Allen Telescope Array: The First Widefield, Panchromatic, Snapshot Radio Camera for Radio Astronomy and SETI | astro-ph.IM | The first 42 elements of the Allen Telescope Array (ATA-42) are beginning to
deliver data at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory in Northern California.
Scientists and engineers are actively exploiting all of the flexibility
designed into this innovative instrument for simultaneously conducting surveys
of the astrophysical... | physics |
6,299 | Exoplanet search with astrometry | astro-ph.IM | Searching for extrasolar planets by direct detection is extremely challenging
for current instrumentation. Indirect methods, that measure the effect of a
planet on its host star, are much more promising and have indeed led to the
discovery of nearly all extrasolar systems known today. While the most
successful method t... | physics |
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