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PMC5292226	[ "adiponectin ( arcp 30 , adipoq , apm1 or gbp28 ) , secreted by adipose tissue , is a 247-amino acid peptide which was discovered in 1995 ( 1 , 2 ) . the amounts of adiponectin account for 0.01% of total plasma protein .", "the concentration of adiponectin circulating in plasma is very high ( 2 to 20 g / ml ) ( 3...	[ "<S> background : this study aimed to investigate correlation between adiponectin and waist - hip - ratio with severity of coronary artery disease ( cad ) . </S>", "<S> there is uncertainty about the association between circulating concentrations of adiponectin and cad.methods:we enrolled eighty - two consecutive...	null	[ "1. INTRODUCTION", "2. MATERIALS AND METHODS", "2.1. Study subjects", "2.2. Coronary angiography", "2.3. Anthropometric measurements", "2.4. Laboratory measurements", "2.4. Statistical analysis", "3. RESULTS", "4. DISCUSSION", "5. CONCLUSION" ]	[ [ "adiponectin ( arcp 30 , adipoq , apm1 or gbp28 ) , secreted by adipose tissue , is a 247-amino acid peptide which was discovered in 1995 ( 1 , 2 ) . the amounts of adiponectin account for 0.01% of total plasma protein .", "the concentration of adiponectin circulating in plasma is very high ( 2 to 20 g / ...
PMC4213880	[ "neurofibromatosis ( nf ) is an autosomal dominant disease , discovered in 1882 , by the german pathologist friedrich daniel von recklinghausen , characterized by disordered growth of ectodermal tissues , and is part of a group of disorders called phakomatoses ( neurocutaneous syndrome ) .", "neurofibromatosis ty...	[ "<S> segmental neurofibromatosis is a rare disorder , characterized by neurofibromas or caf-au - lait macules limited to one region of the body . </S>", "<S> its occurrence on the face is extremely rare and only few cases of segmental neurofibromatosis over the face have been described so far . </S>", "<S> we p...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "CASE REPORT", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "neurofibromatosis ( nf ) is an autosomal dominant disease , discovered in 1882 , by the german pathologist friedrich daniel von recklinghausen , characterized by disordered growth of ectodermal tissues , and is part of a group of disorders called phakomatoses ( neurocutaneous syndrome ) .", "neurofibroma...
PMC2721933	[ "the zygomaticomaxillary complex is an important functional and aesthetic landmark of the midface , and it provides prominent cheek structure .", "however , unfortunately it is very vulnerable to injury because of its intrinsically prominent convexity .", "there are four bony attachments between zygoma and othe...	[ "<S> the ultimate goal in treating zygomatic complex fracture is to obtain an accurate , stable reduction while minimizing external scars and functional deformity . </S>", "<S> the present authors present our experiences with a single transconjunctival incision and two - point ( inferior orbital rim and frontozyg...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "Patients", "Surgical techniques", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "the zygomaticomaxillary complex is an important functional and aesthetic landmark of the midface , and it provides prominent cheek structure .", "however , unfortunately it is very vulnerable to injury because of its intrinsically prominent convexity .", "there are four bony attachments between zygom...
PMC3892627	[ "the gram - negative coccobacillus pasteurella multocida is normally found in the oral cavity of dogs and cats . it is a recognised cause of wound infection as a result of bites , licking or scratching .", "bacteraemia and endocarditis are uncommon complications and , from literature reviews , are found to be ass...	[ "<S> pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of infective endocarditis with only a few cases described . </S>", "<S> this report involves a 38-year - old penicillin - allergic patient in an immunocompromised state with several co - morbidities . </S>", "<S> two molecular microbiological techniques , 16s rrna sequ...	null	[ "Introduction", "Brief Report", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ [ "the gram - negative coccobacillus pasteurella multocida is normally found in the oral cavity of dogs and cats . it is a recognised cause of wound infection as a result of bites , licking or scratching .", "bacteraemia and endocarditis are uncommon complications and , from literature reviews , are found t...
PMC3974471	[ "patient aged 64 was admitted to the county hospital urology ward in september 2010 and diagnosed with tumor of the left kidney .", "ultrasonographic exam revealed the structure with a diameter of 45 mm in the central field of the left kidney .", "ct showed a solid focal lesion of the left kidney ( 30 x 40 x 32...	[ "<S> we present a 64year old patient suffering from extranodal malignant lymphoma . </S>", "<S> the patient was admitted to the county hospital urology ward with suspicion of the left kidney tumor . as part of pre </S>", "<S> operational diagnosis , ultrasonographic examination and computed tomography of kidn...	null	[ "CASE DESCRIPTION", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "patient aged 64 was admitted to the county hospital urology ward in september 2010 and diagnosed with tumor of the left kidney .", "ultrasonographic exam revealed the structure with a diameter of 45 mm in the central field of the left kidney .", "ct showed a solid focal lesion of the left kidney ( 30...
PMC3388258	[ "assessment of myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease is of great clinical importance , as dysfunctional but viable myocardium has the ability to regain contractility after coronary revascularization with subsequent improvements in cardiac function and prognosis . the perfusable tissue index ...	[ "<S> purposethe perfusable tissue index ( pti ) is a marker of myocardial viability . </S>", "<S> recent technological advances have made it possible to generate parametric pti images from a single [ 15o]h2o pet / ct scan . </S>", "<S> the purpose of this study was to validate these parametric pti images.method...	null	[ "Introduction", "Materials and methods", "Study population", "PET/CT image acquisition", "PET/CT image analysis", "CMR image acquisition", "CMR image analysis", "Statistical analysis", "Results", "Baseline characteristics", "PET/CT and CMR parameters", "Predictive values for viability", "Dis...	[ [ "assessment of myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease is of great clinical importance , as dysfunctional but viable myocardium has the ability to regain contractility after coronary revascularization with subsequent improvements in cardiac function and prognosis . the perfusable tissue ...
PMC3352477	[ "while advances in free trade and globalization increase the movement and accelerate the accumulation of invasive species ( lockwood et al .", "2005 ) , it is still unclear how introduced populations can successfully establish . as elton ( 1958 ) pointed out , for every successful invasion that occurs , there ar...	[ "<S> the mechanisms that facilitate success of an invasive species include both ecological and evolutionary processes . investigating the evolutionary dynamics of founder populations can enhance our understanding of patterns of invasiveness and provide insight into management strategies for controlling further esta...	null	[ "Introduction", "Model description", "The ecological system", "The evolutionary subsystem", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "while advances in free trade and globalization increase the movement and accelerate the accumulation of invasive species ( lockwood et al .", "2005 ) , it is still unclear how introduced populations can successfully establish . as elton ( 1958 ) pointed out , for every successful invasion that occurs , ...
PMC3870114	[ "genital infection due to chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections ( stis ) . according to the who estimates , globally 92 million new cases of c. trachomatis infection", "occur each year and about two - thirds of these cases occur in the developing world , wher...	[ "<S> reproductive tract infection ( rtis)/sexually transmitted infections ( stis ) are recognized as a major public health problem , particularly due to their relationship with hiv infection . </S>", "<S> early detection and treatment of chlamydia trachomatis infection ( cti ) among hiv - infected and hiv - uninf...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Conclusions" ]	[ [ "genital infection due to chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections ( stis ) . according to the who estimates , globally 92 million new cases of c. trachomatis infection", "occur each year and about two - thirds of these cases occur in the developing worl...
PMC5293477	[ "multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( mcsm ) is a serious disease which can lead to spinal cord dysfunction and a substantial decrease in quality of life . in addition , mcsm requiring multilevel cervical spine surgery can be accompanied by extensive blood loss . as spinal surgery has become increasingly co...	[ "<S> abstractto assess the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid ( txa ) for decreasing perioperative blood loss in cervical laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation and bone grafting ( clf ) , in which all surgical procedures are identical.from november 2014 to april 2016 , we performed a retrospective compar...	null	[ "Introduction", "Material and methods", "Surgical procedure", "Drug dose", "Statistical analysis", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ [ "multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( mcsm ) is a serious disease which can lead to spinal cord dysfunction and a substantial decrease in quality of life . in addition , mcsm requiring multilevel cervical spine surgery can be accompanied by extensive blood loss . as spinal surgery has become increasin...
PMC3103949	[ "hip fracture is a moderate musculoskeletal trauma that mainly affects the older population with comorbid conditions .", "the number will increase markedly in coming years due to the ageing of the population .", "comorbidity and the double trauma may dispose them to serious postoperative adverse outcomes and a ...	[ "<S> hip fracture , a moderate musculoskeletal trauma , is associated with a high postoperative mortality . </S>", "<S> most patients are elderly , with comorbid conditions and often with heart disease . </S>", "<S> the objective of this study was to find out if clinical parameters and analyses of specific musc...	null	[ "Introduction", "Materials and methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "hip fracture is a moderate musculoskeletal trauma that mainly affects the older population with comorbid conditions .", "the number will increase markedly in coming years due to the ageing of the population .", "comorbidity and the double trauma may dispose them to serious postoperative adverse outco...
PMC2992422	[ "a young man was referred with a chief complaint of blurred vision and pain of the left eye 1 month after herpetic encephalitis in the left frontotemporal lobe .", "the patient had multiple foci of retinitis in the retinal periphery associated with vitritis , blot retinal hemorrhage and retinal arteriolitis .", ...	[ "<S> purposeto report a case of unilateral acute retinal necrosis after herpetic encephalitiscase reporta young man was referred with a chief complaint of blurred vision and pain of the left eye 1 month after herpetic encephalitis in the left frontotemporal lobe . </S>", "<S> the patient had multiple foci of reti...	null	[ "Purpose", "Case Report", "Conclusion", "Introduction", "Case Report", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "" ], [ "a young man was referred with a chief complaint of blurred vision and pain of the left eye 1 month after herpetic encephalitis in the left frontotemporal lobe .", "the patient had multiple foci of retinitis in the retinal periphery associated with vitritis , blot retinal hemorrhage and re...
PMC153459	[ "inspection of the database of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins ( cogs ) revealed only one family of such proteins that is represented in most of the sequenced bacterial , archaeal and eukaryotic genomes .", "the prototype of this family is the rhomboid ( rho ) protein from drosophila melanogaster , a...	[ "<S> the near - universal presence of the rhomboid family in bacteria , archaea and eukaryotes appears to suggest that this protein is part of the heritage of the last universal common ancestor , phylogenetic tree analysis indicates a likely bacterial origin with subsequent dissemination by horizontal gene transfer...	null	[ "Background", "Results and discussion", "Sequence and structural features and phyletic distribution of the rhomboid family", "Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the rhomboid family", "Conclusions", "Materials and methods", "Acknowledgements", "Figures and Tables" ]	[ [ "inspection of the database of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins ( cogs ) revealed only one family of such proteins that is represented in most of the sequenced bacterial , archaeal and eukaryotic genomes .", "the prototype of this family is the rhomboid ( rho ) protein from drosophila melanoga...
PMC4817573	[ "an infliction in the life expectancy figure of patients with sickle cell disease ( scd ) occurred around the middle of the 1970s ( fig .", "this minimal increase in life expectancy coincided with my appointment at thomas jefferson university as the associate director of the newly created adult sickle cell center...	[ "<S> in the 1970s , sickle cell pain was treated with trial and error approach by increasing or decreasing the dose of an opioid or switching from one analgesic to another . </S>", "<S> this approach was controversial with criticism and doubt about its usefulness . since then , advances in determining the structu...	null	[ "Introduction", "Pharmacology of Opioids", "Conclusion", "Conflict of Interest" ]	[ [ "an infliction in the life expectancy figure of patients with sickle cell disease ( scd ) occurred around the middle of the 1970s ( fig .", "this minimal increase in life expectancy coincided with my appointment at thomas jefferson university as the associate director of the newly created adult sickle cel...
PMC4754549	[ "the potential of rnai to silence any gene has made it an attractive therapeutic modality .", "however , the main obstacle to rnai in the clinic is delivery . to be effective", ", sirnas must be transported through the body , bind , and be taken up by target cells where they must traverse the plasma membrane an...	[ "<S> due to their ability to knock down the expression of any gene , sirnas have been heralded as ideal candidates for treating a wide variety of diseases , including those involving </S>", "<S> undruggable targets . however , the therapeutic potential of sirnas remains severely limited by a lack of effective d...	null	[ "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials and Methods", "Supplementary Material" ]	[ [ "the potential of rnai to silence any gene has made it an attractive therapeutic modality .", "however , the main obstacle to rnai in the clinic is delivery . to be effective", ", sirnas must be transported through the body , bind , and be taken up by target cells where they must traverse the plasma m...
PMC3127317	[ "sevoflurane does not sensitise the myocardium to arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines and has the least effect on cardiac conduction system .", "despite all the research demonstrating its safety , adverse cardiac arrhythmias such as nodal rhythm with bradycardia , prolongation of qtc interval , precipitation...	[ "<S> when inhalational induction is indicated , sevoflurane is the most popular choice in both children and adults . </S>", "<S> higher inspired concentrations of sevoflurane can cause adverse cardiac arrhythmias that are seen to disappear once the agent is discontinued . </S>", "<S> we report the occurrence of...	null	[ "Introduction", "Case Reports", "Case 1", "Case 2", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "sevoflurane does not sensitise the myocardium to arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines and has the least effect on cardiac conduction system .", "despite all the research demonstrating its safety , adverse cardiac arrhythmias such as nodal rhythm with bradycardia , prolongation of qtc interval , preci...
PMC3964852	[ "according to the mca , only a compromised ability to make a decision in accordance with certain procedural norms , loosely defined with reference to the ability to understand , ", "retain and use or weigh relevant information , or an inability to communicate a decision , properly grounds judgments of incapacit...	[ "<S> calls for the adoption of a universal capacity approach to replace dedicated mental health law are motivated by the idea that the measures designed to protect patient autonomy in legislation such as the mental capacity act 2005 should apply to everyone , including people with a psychiatric diagnosis . in this ...	null	[ "Mental capacity and the ability to consider the future", "Are we rationally required to value the future?", "Including the ability to consider the future in assessments of mental capacity", "A dilemma about what respect for patient autonomy requires", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "according to the mca , only a compromised ability to make a decision in accordance with certain procedural norms , loosely defined with reference to the ability to understand , ", "retain and use or weigh relevant information , or an inability to communicate a decision , properly grounds judgments of i...
PMC3821231	[ "type iii dysbetalipoproteinaemia is a kind of lipid metabolism disorders , caused by apo - e deficiency , which leads to accumulation of chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein remnants in the plasma.123 lipid metabolism disorders are mostly manifested by xanthomas , which are known as yellowish cholesterol ...	[ "<S> familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia ( fdl ) is an inherited disorder in which both cholesterol and triglycerides are elevated in the plasma , pre - disposing the people to coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease . </S>", "<S> the disease is mostly manifested by xanthomas , which have variable fo...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "CASE REPORT", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "type iii dysbetalipoproteinaemia is a kind of lipid metabolism disorders , caused by apo - e deficiency , which leads to accumulation of chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein remnants in the plasma.123 lipid metabolism disorders are mostly manifested by xanthomas , which are known as yellowish choles...
PMC4745858	[ "exacerbation is an important life - threatening event for patients with copd , and can lead to hospitalization and death.14 patients who suffer frequent and repeated exacerbations within 1 year have a poor prognosis,5 characterized by worsening of health - related quality of life ( hrqol),6,7 a rapid decline in lu...	[ "<S> backgroundthe prognosis of japanese patients with copd who suffer repeated exacerbations is unclear , although westerners with such episodes have a poor prognosis.materials and methodswe conducted a 1-year prospective observational trial involving 90 japanese patients with copd : 58 nonexacerbators , 12 infreq...	null	[ "Introduction", "Materials and methods", "Study design", "Diagnosis and spirometric classification of COPD", "Assessment of mMRC scale, total CAT, FSSG scale, and CESD", "Comorbidities", "Frequency and date of mortality, hospitalizations, and exacerbations", "Statistical analysis", "Results", "Stu...	[ [ "exacerbation is an important life - threatening event for patients with copd , and can lead to hospitalization and death.14 patients who suffer frequent and repeated exacerbations within 1 year have a poor prognosis,5 characterized by worsening of health - related quality of life ( hrqol),6,7 a rapid decline...
PMC4954860	[ "\n lipoma is a rare tumor but can be found at various sites in the abdominal cavity ( fig .", "2 ) . if it is of a large size , it can compress adjacent tissues or organs and become heterogeneous . in such cases ,", "imaging is incapable of distinguishing it from liposarcoma.lipoblastoma is a type of a benign ...	[ "<S> this article focuses on various cancerous lesions that are found beyond organs in the intra - abdominal fat and can be visualized with ultrasonography . </S>", "<S> these lesions are divided into five groups . </S>", "<S> the first group includes primary benign tumors containing adipocytes , such as lipoma...	null	[ "Primary benign adipocyte-containing tumors located in intra-abdominal fat", "Liposarcoma", "Primary benign tumors without an adipocyte component located in intra-abdominal fat", "Primary malignant tumors without an adipocyte component located in intra-abdominal fat", "Secondary malignant tumors without an ...	[ [ "\n lipoma is a rare tumor but can be found at various sites in the abdominal cavity ( fig .", "2 ) . if it is of a large size , it can compress adjacent tissues or organs and become heterogeneous . in such cases ,", "imaging is incapable of distinguishing it from liposarcoma.lipoblastoma is a type of...
PMC4334867	[ "the national cancer institute ( nci ) of the united states of america has proposed a reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspiration ( fna ) cytology , so - called bethesda system , which became an international standard of thyroid cytology [ 1 , 2 ] . following this recommendation , the uk royal college of pa...	[ "<S> \n background . </S>", "<S> the japan thyroid association recently published guidelines for clinical practice for the management of thyroid nodules , which include a diagnostic system for reporting thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology . </S>", "<S> it is characterized by the subclassification of follicu...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion" ]	[ [ "the national cancer institute ( nci ) of the united states of america has proposed a reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspiration ( fna ) cytology , so - called bethesda system , which became an international standard of thyroid cytology [ 1 , 2 ] . following this recommendation , the uk royal college...
PMC3496520	[ "it is not uncommon to see bleeding symptoms in patients in outpatient or hospital - based practice .", "postpartum hemorrhage complicates pregnancy and accounts for significant morbidity and mortality , particularly in underdeveloped countries.1,2 menorrhagia is a common clinical challenge and is often associate...	[ "<S> background : bleeding symptoms commonly seen by multiple physician specialties may belie undiagnosed congenital or acquired bleeding disorders . acquired hemophilia is a potentially life - threatening cause of unexplained acute bleeding manifested by an abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time ( aptt ) t...	null	[ "Introduction", "Materials and methods", "Results", "Initial presentation: recommended diagnostic evaluations and hematology consultation", "Second presentation: recommended diagnostic evaluations and hematology consultation", "Recommendations regarding case patient disposition", "Familiarity with bleed...	[ [ "it is not uncommon to see bleeding symptoms in patients in outpatient or hospital - based practice .", "postpartum hemorrhage complicates pregnancy and accounts for significant morbidity and mortality , particularly in underdeveloped countries.1,2 menorrhagia is a common clinical challenge and is often a...
PMC3355559	[ "plant cells need to maintain the functional integrity of their walls during cell morphogenesis and exposure to biotic / abiotic stress .", "the available evidence suggests that a dedicated plant cell wall integrity ( cwi ) maintenance mechanism exists ( wolf et al . , 2011 ) . while our understanding of the mech...	[ "<S> plant cell walls provide structural support during development and represent together with the cuticle the first line of defense against biotic and abiotic stress . in recent years , evidence has accumulated that a dedicated plant cell wall integrity ( cwi ) maintenance mechanism exists . this mechanism monito...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN YEAST AND PLANT CELL WALL INTEGRITY MAINTENANCE MECHANISMS", "COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE PLANT CELL WALL", "THE PLANT CWI MAINTENANCE MECHANISM AS A COMPONENT OF THE BIOTIC STRESS RESPONSE", "SIGNALING MECHANISMS AND SENSORS IMPLICATED IN PLANT CWD...	[ [ "plant cells need to maintain the functional integrity of their walls during cell morphogenesis and exposure to biotic / abiotic stress .", "the available evidence suggests that a dedicated plant cell wall integrity ( cwi ) maintenance mechanism exists ( wolf et al . , 2011 ) . while our understanding of ...
PMC2698198	[ "genomic dna hypomethylation has been observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of leukemia patients and in tumor cells of patients with b - cell lymphoproliferative diseases ( 1 ) .", "dna methylation may affect karyotypic stability , may influence euchromatin - heterochromatin interactions , and has be...	[ "<S> to gain insight into the differential mechanism of gene promoter hypermethylation in acute and chronic leukemia , we identified the methylation status on one part of 5'cpg rich region of 8 genes , dab2ip , dlc-1 , h - cadherin , id4 , integrin 4 , runx3 , sfrp1 , and shp1 in bone marrows from acute myeloid leu...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "Sample collection", "Sodium bisulfite treatment and MSP", "Statistical analysis", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "genomic dna hypomethylation has been observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of leukemia patients and in tumor cells of patients with b - cell lymphoproliferative diseases ( 1 ) .", "dna methylation may affect karyotypic stability , may influence euchromatin - heterochromatin interactions , an...
PMC4845415	[ "acute patellar dislocation is a common injury usually associated with a significant traumatic mechanism resulting in lateral displacement .", "vertical axis rotation following dislocation is a rare variant of this type of injury and can prevent closed reduction in the acute setting .", "a 32-year old gentleman...	[ "<S> introduction : acute patellar dislocation is a common injury usually associated with a significant traumatic mechanism resulting in lateral displacement . vertical axis rotation following dislocation is a rare variant of this type of injury and can prevent closed reduction in the acute setting.case presentatio...	null	[ "Introduction:", "Case Presentation:", "Conclusion:", "Introduction", "Case Report", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "acute patellar dislocation is a common injury usually associated with a significant traumatic mechanism resulting in lateral displacement .", "vertical axis rotation following dislocation is a rare variant of this type of injury and can prevent closed reduction in the acute setting ." ], [ "a 32-...
PMC4204277	[ "graphene oxide ( go ) solution was synthesized from natural graphite powder by a modification of hummers method.45 cu2o / rgo composites were fabricated by a microwave - assisted hydrothermal reaction .", "firstly , cu(no3)2 was added to a mixture of ethanol and water in the ratio of 64:36 .", "then , a calcul...	[ "<S> a facile one - step microwave - assisted chemical method has been successfully used for the synthesis of cu2o / reduced graphene oxide ( rgo ) composites . </S>", "<S> photocatalytic co2 reduction was then investigated on the junction under ambient conditions . </S>", "<S> the rgo coating dramatically incr...	null	[ "Experimental Section", "Synthesis of Cu", "Characterization", "Fabrication of film electrodes and electrochemical measurements", "Photocatalytic activity measurements", "Supporting Information" ]	[ [ "graphene oxide ( go ) solution was synthesized from natural graphite powder by a modification of hummers method.45 cu2o / rgo composites were fabricated by a microwave - assisted hydrothermal reaction .", "firstly , cu(no3)2 was added to a mixture of ethanol and water in the ratio of 64:36 .", "then ...
PMC2836524	[ "in recent years , the concept of minimal intervention ( mi ) has prevailed in dentistry .", "therefore , the importance of diagnosing caries at an early stage has increased . in conventional procedures ,", "the diagnosis of caries has mainly consisted of visual inspection and tactile assessment with probing ."...	[ "<S> the aim of this study was to assess the possibility of digital image analysis of pit - and - fissure discoloration in order to diagnose caries . </S>", "<S> digital images showing pit - and - fissure discoloration in 100 teeth of 19 patients were analyzed to obtain the fractal dimension ( fd ) and the propor...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion" ]	[ [ "in recent years , the concept of minimal intervention ( mi ) has prevailed in dentistry .", "therefore , the importance of diagnosing caries at an early stage has increased . in conventional procedures ,", "the diagnosis of caries has mainly consisted of visual inspection and tactile assessment with ...
PMC5139932	[ "craniofacial defects are rare , disfiguring facial anomalies , with an incidence of about 1.4 to 4.9 cases per 100,000 live births .", "craniofacial clefts may be caused by failure of the maxillary processes to fuse , external pressure , amniotic bands , oligohydramnios , central disorganization of the neural cr...	[ "<S> median cleft is the midline cleft of the lip . </S>", "<S> it develops due to incomplete or failed fusion of the median nasal prominence . </S>", "<S> it can present with minimal deformities such as involvement of the vermilion border , or complex clefting of the midline structures and brain . </S>", "<S...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "CASE REPORT", "DISCUSSION", "CONCLUSION" ]	[ [ "craniofacial defects are rare , disfiguring facial anomalies , with an incidence of about 1.4 to 4.9 cases per 100,000 live births .", "craniofacial clefts may be caused by failure of the maxillary processes to fuse , external pressure , amniotic bands , oligohydramnios , central disorganization of the n...
PMC4600933	[ "pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important gram - negative opportunistic pathogen that has the capability to create variable clinical infections , including , but not limited to , wound infections , urinary tract infections ( utis ) , and blood stream infections ( bsi ) , particularly in hospitalized and immunocomprom...	[ "<S> background : pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well - known opportunistic pathogen , which affects hospitalized patients in different wards due to its natural resistance to drugs.objectives:the purpose of the current study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and genetic relatedness in p. aerugino...	null	[ "1. Background", "2. Objectives", "3. Materials and Methods", "3.1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolation and Identification", "3.2. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test", "3.3. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Genotyping", "4. Results", "5. Discussion" ]	[ [ "pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important gram - negative opportunistic pathogen that has the capability to create variable clinical infections , including , but not limited to , wound infections , urinary tract infections ( utis ) , and blood stream infections ( bsi ) , particularly in hospitalized and immunoc...
PMC4144761	[ "polyarginine peptides \n are known as one of the widely used classes \n of cell - penetrating peptides ( cpps ) and cellular delivery tools .", "it has been reported that the presence of the \n guanidine group in the side chain of arginine plays a key role for \n improved ability of arginine - rich peptides to c...	[ "<S> many \n of the reported arginine - rich cell - penetrating peptides ( cpps ) \n for the enhanced delivery of drugs are linear peptides composed of \n more than seven arginine residues to retain the cell penetration properties . \n herein , we synthesized a class of nine polyarginine peptides containing \n 5 an...	null	[ "Introduction", "Experimental\nSection", "Results and Discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ [ "polyarginine peptides \n are known as one of the widely used classes \n of cell - penetrating peptides ( cpps ) and cellular delivery tools .", "it has been reported that the presence of the \n guanidine group in the side chain of arginine plays a key role for \n improved ability of arginine - rich pepti...
PMC5027039	[ "as of 2014 , the worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) was estimated to be 9% among adults aged 18 years with great impact on mortality , particularly in low- and middle - income countries ( lmic ) [ 1 , 2 ] . moreover , globally , approximately 25% to 75% of diabetes cases remain undiagnosed ...	[ "<S> \n objective . to develop and validate a risk score for detecting cases of undiagnosed diabetes in a resource - constrained country . </S>", "<S> methods . two population - based studies in peruvian population aged 35 years were used in the analysis : the eninbsc survey ( n = 2,472 ) and the cronicas cohort ...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Conclusions" ]	[ [ "as of 2014 , the worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) was estimated to be 9% among adults aged 18 years with great impact on mortality , particularly in low- and middle - income countries ( lmic ) [ 1 , 2 ] . moreover , globally , approximately 25% to 75% of diabetes cases remain undiag...
PMC4632892	[ "cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and accounted for 7.6 million cases ( 13% of all deaths ) in 2008 ; in 2013 in the united states there are 12,340 estimated new cases and 4,030 deaths by cervical cancer [ american cancer society : cancer facts and figures 2013 ] .", "meanwhile in romania , ...	[ "<S> background and aimssirnas represent an encouraging novel alternative in cancer therapy as a result of targeting the mutated tumour suppressor genes or activated oncogenes . </S>", "<S> targeting oncogenic signals , as the mutated p53 gene that gains oncogenic role , we observed inhibition of migration , a do...	null	[ "Background and aims", "Materials and methods", "Cell culture and treatment", "Dynamic monitoring of invasion of HeLa cells using the xCELLigence System", "RNA extraction quality control and qRT-PCR", "qRT-PCR data analysis", "VEGF protein quantification", "Results", "Inhibition of HeLa cell migrati...	[ [ "cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and accounted for 7.6 million cases ( 13% of all deaths ) in 2008 ; in 2013 in the united states there are 12,340 estimated new cases and 4,030 deaths by cervical cancer [ american cancer society : cancer facts and figures 2013 ] .", "meanwhile in ro...
PMC3644743	[ "atherosclerosis is a coronary heart disease ( chd ) , and is the most common cause of death in the industrialized world .", "high blood pressure ( bp ) , hypercholesterolemia , diabetes mellitus ( dm ) and smoking are considered as the major risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis .", "in addition ...	[ "<S> background : atherosclerosis is a coronary heart disease , andis the most common cause of death in the industrialized world . </S>", "<S> some studies suggested that atherosclerosis may be triggered by infectious agents , mostly chlamydophila pneumoniae . </S>", "<S> however , the role of c. pneumoniae in ...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "atherosclerosis is a coronary heart disease ( chd ) , and is the most common cause of death in the industrialized world .", "high blood pressure ( bp ) , hypercholesterolemia , diabetes mellitus ( dm ) and smoking are considered as the major risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis .", "in...
PMC3696216	[ "confrontation with the consequences of diabetes causes a crisis in physical , mental , and spiritual dimensions . sometimes the spiritual crisis can be tremendous . since spiritual health coordinates different aspects of human life , this study aimed to identify the spiritual health of patients with defects caused...	[ "<S> background : confrontation with the consequences of diabetes causes a crisis in physical , mental , and spiritual dimensions . </S>", "<S> sometimes the spiritual crisis can be tremendous . </S>", "<S> since spiritual health coordinates different aspects of human life , this study aimed to identify the spi...	null	[ "Background:", "Materials and Methods:", "Findings:", "Conclusions:", "I", "M", "F", "D" ]	[ [ "confrontation with the consequences of diabetes causes a crisis in physical , mental , and spiritual dimensions . sometimes the spiritual crisis can be tremendous . since spiritual health coordinates different aspects of human life , this study aimed to identify the spiritual health of patients with defects ...
PMC3432876	[ "vitamin d deficiency was once thought to exclusively affect bone metabolism , but now there is ample evidence of its role in many other conditions including metabolic syndrome , autoimmune diseases , and cancer .", "vitamin d receptors are recognized to be in numerous extraskeletal tissues , such as pancreas and...	[ "<S> to study the effect of puberty on the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( 25(oh)d ) and parameters of insulin kinetics in obese asian - indian children . </S>", "<S> material and methods . </S>", "<S> the study population included 62 obese asian - indian children and adolescents in the age gro...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Material and Methods", "3. Statistical Analysis", "4. Results", "5. Discussion" ]	[ [ "vitamin d deficiency was once thought to exclusively affect bone metabolism , but now there is ample evidence of its role in many other conditions including metabolic syndrome , autoimmune diseases , and cancer .", "vitamin d receptors are recognized to be in numerous extraskeletal tissues , such as panc...
PMC4121494	[ "a 21-year - old man ( height = 180 cm , weight = 95 kg , body mass index = 29.3 kg / m ) presented to the outpatient department with a long history of frequent and severe snoring . on physical exam ,", "after a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea was made , a bilateral tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplast...	[ "<S> post - tonsillectomy hemorrhage ( pth ) is the most frequent complication of tonsillectomy , and occasionally results in a lethal outcome . </S>", "<S> a 21-year - old man ( height 180 cm , weight 95 kg ) was scheduled for a bilateral tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for treatment of obstructive s...	null	[ "Case Report", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "a 21-year - old man ( height = 180 cm , weight = 95 kg , body mass index = 29.3 kg / m ) presented to the outpatient department with a long history of frequent and severe snoring . on physical exam ,", "after a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea was made , a bilateral tonsillectomy and uvulopalatophary...
PMC4975227	[ "infertility has been recognized as a public health issue worldwide ( 1 ) leading to an increasing need to the use of assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) , including in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) .", "after the first reported case of ivf in 1978(2 ) art enabled millions of people to have their own childre...	[ "<S> human reproduction is a relatively inefficient process and therefore the number of infertile couples is high . </S>", "<S> assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) have facilitated the birth of over five million children worldwide . </S>", "<S> art , however , superimposes its own relative inefficiency o...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "THE MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH", "THE BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH" ]	[ [ "infertility has been recognized as a public health issue worldwide ( 1 ) leading to an increasing need to the use of assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) , including in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) .", "after the first reported case of ivf in 1978(2 ) art enabled millions of people to have their own...
PMC3114341	[ "this study is part of a larger project examining the possible health effects of lifetime exposure to marine food and pollutants .", "the faroe islands constitute a unique setting at northern latitude in which the residents have an increased exposure to methylmercury and persistent organic pollutants , including ...	[ "<S> objectivevitamin d deficiency is thought to be a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes , and elderly subjects at northern latitudes may therefore be at particular risk.research design and methodsvitamin d status was assessed from serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 [ 25(oh)d3 ] in 668 faroese...	null	[ "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS", "Assessment of type 2 diabetes and markers of glucose metabolism", "Vitamin D status", "Statistical analysis", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]	[ [ "this study is part of a larger project examining the possible health effects of lifetime exposure to marine food and pollutants .", "the faroe islands constitute a unique setting at northern latitude in which the residents have an increased exposure to methylmercury and persistent organic pollutants , in...
PMC3013730	[ "leaf senescence is the last phase of plant development and a highly coordinated process regulated by a large number of senescence associated genes ( sags ) ( 12 ) .", "leaf senescence can either be naturally induced during development stages , or stimulated by environmental factors including darkness , nutrition...	[ "<S> by broad literature survey , we have developed a leaf senescence database ( lsd , http://www.eplantsenescence.org/ ) that contains a total of 1145 senescence associated genes ( sags ) from 21 species . </S>", "<S> these sags were retrieved based on genetic , genomic , proteomic , physiological or other exper...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "IDENTIFICATION AND ANNOTATION OF SAGS", "IMPLEMENTATION OF ANALYSIS TOOLS", "BROWSING AND SEARCHING THE DATABASE ENTRIES", "ANALYZING THE SEQUENCE DATA", "FUTURE PLANS", "FUNDING" ]	[ [ "leaf senescence is the last phase of plant development and a highly coordinated process regulated by a large number of senescence associated genes ( sags ) ( 12 ) .", "leaf senescence can either be naturally induced during development stages , or stimulated by environmental factors including darkness , n...
PMC2518333	[ "female study participants were recruited from participants in a cross - sectional study assessing bmd in young women with type 1 diabetes and age - matched community control subjects ( 7 ) .", "cases for the cross - sectional study ( baseline ) were recruited from a regional tertiary hospital pediatric diabetes ...	[ "<S> objective individuals with type 1 diabetes have decreased bone mineral density ( bmd ) , yet the natural history and pathogenesis of osteopenia are unclear . </S>", "<S> we have previously shown that women with type 1 diabetes ( aged 1335 years ) have lower bmd than community age - matched nondiabetic contr...	null	[ "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]	[ [ "female study participants were recruited from participants in a cross - sectional study assessing bmd in young women with type 1 diabetes and age - matched community control subjects ( 7 ) .", "cases for the cross - sectional study ( baseline ) were recruited from a regional tertiary hospital pediatric d...
PMC4663308	[ "many studies have shown that bracket debonding can cause enamel loss , particularly when the fracture occurs at the enamel - adhesive interface", ". enamel damage may be in the form of enamel cracks , which may propagate during debonding [ 13 ] .", "acid - etching , rinsing , drying and applying resin and bond...	[ "<S> objectives : the objective of this study was to assess the effect of new bonding techniques on enamel surface.materials and methods : sixty upper central incisors were randomly divided into two equal groups . in the first group , </S>", "<S> metal brackets were bonded using transbondxt and , in the second gr...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "RESULTS", "Debonding forces", "Number of Cracks", "Length of cracks", "ARI", "DISCUSSION", "CONCLUSION" ]	[ [ "many studies have shown that bracket debonding can cause enamel loss , particularly when the fracture occurs at the enamel - adhesive interface", ". enamel damage may be in the form of enamel cracks , which may propagate during debonding [ 13 ] .", "acid - etching , rinsing , drying and applying resi...
PMC3519246	[ "sensitive skin syndrome is a common and challenging condition , yet little is known about its underlying pathophysiology .", "sensitive skin is a common term used by patients and clinicians , as well as the cosmetic industry , and represents a complex clinical challenge faced by dermatologists and other skin car...	[ "<S> sensitive skin syndrome ( sss ) is a common and challenging condition , yet little is known about its underlying pathophysiology . </S>", "<S> patients with sss often present with subjective complaints of severe facial irritation , burning , and/or stinging after application of cosmetic products . </S>", "...	null	[ "Introduction", "The Sensitive Skin Syndrome - Catch 22", "Epidemiological Data", "Current Thinking on Pathophysiology", "Clinical Approach", "Management", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "sensitive skin syndrome is a common and challenging condition , yet little is known about its underlying pathophysiology .", "sensitive skin is a common term used by patients and clinicians , as well as the cosmetic industry , and represents a complex clinical challenge faced by dermatologists and other ...
PMC4118078	[ "spontaneous pneumothorax ( sp ) comprises the largest group and is classified into primary spontaneous ( psp ) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax .", "psp usually occurs in young , tall , thin men , especially smokers , in the absence of an underlying lung disease .", "although , sp is a relatively common ...	[ "<S> bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax ( bpsp ) is a rare condition , accounting for 1.6% of spontaneous pneumothoraces . </S>", "<S> patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax have typically low body weight . </S>", "<S> bpsp in overweight / obese patients is an exceptionally rare event . </S>", ...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "CASE REPORT", "DISCUSSION", "CONFLICT OF INTEREST" ]	[ [ "spontaneous pneumothorax ( sp ) comprises the largest group and is classified into primary spontaneous ( psp ) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax .", "psp usually occurs in young , tall , thin men , especially smokers , in the absence of an underlying lung disease .", "although , sp is a relative...
PMC2967835	[ "familial adenomatous polyposis account for 1% of colorectal cancers , and provides a model of apc inactivation as an early genetic event for the approximately 80%85% of cancers that develop from sporadic polyps .", "colorectal cancers arising in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis can be largely preve...	[ "<S> a few familial adenomatous polyposis studies have focused upon faecal sterols and bile acids but none has analysed the fecal content of fatty acids . </S>", "<S> we report here findings of an observational study on 29 colectomized familial adenomatous polyposis patients that describe the fecal content of fat...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Material and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion" ]	[ [ "familial adenomatous polyposis account for 1% of colorectal cancers , and provides a model of apc inactivation as an early genetic event for the approximately 80%85% of cancers that develop from sporadic polyps .", "colorectal cancers arising in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis can be large...
PMC4327666	[ "local anesthesia and pain control is one of the most important elements of dentistry , and particularly prosthetic dentistry .", "according to the american dental association , fear of pain is the most important factor preventing patients from visiting their dentists .", "different kinds of fear related to pre...	[ "<S> objective : the objective of this study was to compare the pain levels on opposite sides of the maxilla at needle insertion during delivery of local anesthetic solution and tooth preparation for both conventional and anterior middle superior alveolar ( amsa ) technique with the wand computer - controlled local...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "MATERIAL AND METHODS", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION", "CONCLUSIONS" ]	[ [ "local anesthesia and pain control is one of the most important elements of dentistry , and particularly prosthetic dentistry .", "according to the american dental association , fear of pain is the most important factor preventing patients from visiting their dentists .", "different kinds of fear rela...
PMC3462379	[ "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a progressive lung disease which is characterized by airway obstruction and lung parenchyma destruction .", "patients may experience dyspnoea or shortness of breath , a persistent cough with sputum production , decreased exercise tolerance and decreased quality o...	[ "<S> pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective treatment for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . </S>", "<S> however , access to these services is limited especially in rural and remote areas . </S>", "<S> telerehabilitation has the potential to deliver pulmonary rehabilitation programs to these ...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Conclusion" ]	[ [ "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a progressive lung disease which is characterized by airway obstruction and lung parenchyma destruction .", "patients may experience dyspnoea or shortness of breath , a persistent cough with sputum production , decreased exercise tolerance and decreased q...
PMC3817649	[ "\n acute mountain sickness ( ams ) occurs during exposure to high altitude ( ha ) and is a clinical syndrome characterised by headache , insomnia , malaise , and gastrointestinal symptoms .", "it is common , developing in 1030% at 25003000 meters and in up to 60% of those ascending to around 4500 meters .", ...	[ "<S> acute mountain sickness ( ams ) is a common clinical challenge at high altitude ( ha ) . a point - of - care biochemical marker for ams could have widespread utility . </S>", "<S> neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin ( ngal ) rises in response to renal injury , inflammation and oxidative stress . </S...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Conclusion" ]	[ [ "\n acute mountain sickness ( ams ) occurs during exposure to high altitude ( ha ) and is a clinical syndrome characterised by headache , insomnia , malaise , and gastrointestinal symptoms .", "it is common , developing in 1030% at 25003000 meters and in up to 60% of those ascending to around 4500 meter...
PMC3919176	[ "when deposited on various \n substrate surfaces , rod - like , -conjugated , \n small organic molecules are well - known for their tendency to form \n highly anisotropic crystal shapes , which are frequently called fibers \n or needles . whereas the epitaxial growth has been studied on various substrates , \n in p...	[ "<S> the \n morphology and structure of 2,2:6,2-ternaphthalene \n ( nnn ) deposited on muscovite mica(001 ) substrates was investigated \n by scanning force microscopy ( sfm ) and specular x - ray diffraction \n measurements . </S>", "<S> consistently , both methods reveal the coexistence of \n needle - like stru...	null	[ "Introduction", "Experimental Section", "Experimental Results", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "when deposited on various \n substrate surfaces , rod - like , -conjugated , \n small organic molecules are well - known for their tendency to form \n highly anisotropic crystal shapes , which are frequently called fibers \n or needles . whereas the epitaxial growth has been studied on various substrates , \...
PMC5175095	[ "a-38-year - old female patient consulted to our emergency outpatient clinic with complaints of fever , sore throat , coughing , shivering , chills , joint , and muscle pain , headache , chest pain continuing for nearly 2 weeks and she was hospitalized to investigate the etiology of fever .", "physical examinatio...	[ "<S> adult onset still s disease is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder . at the onset of the disease sore throat , pharyngitis ; which does not respond to antibiotics , one or two times peaking febrile episodes , marked salmon - colored rash on the trunk and extremities , arthralgia , arthritis , myalgia , fatig...	null	[ "CASE REPORT", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "a-38-year - old female patient consulted to our emergency outpatient clinic with complaints of fever , sore throat , coughing , shivering , chills , joint , and muscle pain , headache , chest pain continuing for nearly 2 weeks and she was hospitalized to investigate the etiology of fever .", "physical ex...
PMC3571514	[ "dual - polymerizing resin cements have been extensively used for placement of indirect restorations and posts .", "the dual - polymerizing materials were developed to compensate for the lack of polymerization in the absence of light and to represent a combination of auto- and light - polymerizing components . in...	[ "<S> objective : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the viscosities and curing modes on the degree of conversion ( dc ) of two resin cements.methods:eight experimental groups were evaluated ( n=5 ) , according to the dual - cured resin cements ( nexus 2/variolink ii ) , viscosity ( low and hig...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "METHODS & MATERIALS", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION", "CONCLUSION" ]	[ [ "dual - polymerizing resin cements have been extensively used for placement of indirect restorations and posts .", "the dual - polymerizing materials were developed to compensate for the lack of polymerization in the absence of light and to represent a combination of auto- and light - polymerizing compone...
PMC1592160	[ "the task force on child health and maternal health for the united nations millennium development goals reiterated the challenges of achieving the goals in its report who 's got the power ?", "transforming health systems for women and children . while the technology and interventions exist to prevent or treat t...	[ "<S> globally , maternal and child health faces diverse challenges depending on the status of the development of the country . </S>", "<S> some countries have introduced or explored preconception care for various reasons . </S>", "<S> falling birth rates and increasing knowledge about risk factors for adverse p...	null	[ "Introduction", "Hong Kong: A done deal", "South Korea: An evolving initiative", "Belgium: Baby steps", "China: Preconception care as an HIV/AIDS intervention model", "China: Regaining the old glory", "Conclusions" ]	[ [ "the task force on child health and maternal health for the united nations millennium development goals reiterated the challenges of achieving the goals in its report who 's got the power ?", "transforming health systems for women and children . while the technology and interventions exist to prevent or...
PMC1513055	[ "pleura is divided into a parietal layer \n which lines the inner aspect of the chest wall and a visceral \n layer which covers the interlobar fissures .", "fluid \n collection within the pleural cavity can be assessed with \n clinical and radiological means .", "when pleural effusion is \n detected , the chara...	[ "<S> the aim is to examine whether the changes in pleural fluid \n interleukin ( il)-1 , il-2 , il-6 , and il-8 levels were \n significant in differential diagnosis of childhood pleural \n effusions . </S>", "<S> il-1 , il-2 , il-6 , and il-8 levels in pleural \n fluids of all 36 patients were measured . </S>",...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "pleura is divided into a parietal layer \n which lines the inner aspect of the chest wall and a visceral \n layer which covers the interlobar fissures .", "fluid \n collection within the pleural cavity can be assessed with \n clinical and radiological means .", "when pleural effusion is \n detected ,...
PMC5040584	[ "literature analysis showed few articles about this complication , but no publication has described the management of open patella fracture around total knee arthroplasty .", "we report a unique case of an open patellar fracture above a total knee arthroplasty , sustained by a 56-year - old female patient .", "...	[ "<S> introduction : periprosthetic patellar fracture after total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) is a rare complication </S>", "<S> . their management can be very challenging with unpredictable results . </S>", "<S> literature analysis showed few articles about this complication , but no publication has described the...	null	[ "Introduction:", "Case Presentation:", "Conclusion:", "Introduction", "Case Presentation", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "literature analysis showed few articles about this complication , but no publication has described the management of open patella fracture around total knee arthroplasty ." ], [ "we report a unique case of an open patellar fracture above a total knee arthroplasty , sustained by a 56-year - old female...
PMC4975136	[ "near - infrared ( nir ) radiation can penetrate the skin and the sclera of the eye .", "the high permeability of nir radiation also allows it to affect tissues deeper within the eye , such as muscles , the lens , and retina .", "nir radiation can induce various biological effects,19 and intensive or long - ter...	[ "<S> background and objectivehumans are increasingly exposed to near - infrared ( nir ) radiation from both natural ( eg , solar ) and artificial ( eg , electrical appliances ) sources . </S>", "<S> although the biological effects of sun and ultraviolet ( uv ) exposure have been extensively investigated , the bio...	null	[ "Introduction", "Materials and methods", "NIR irradiation", "Corneal epithelial model", "RNA extraction", "cRNA synthesis, labeling, and purification", "Microarray analysis", "Quantitative real-time PCR analysis", "Statistical analysis", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "near - infrared ( nir ) radiation can penetrate the skin and the sclera of the eye .", "the high permeability of nir radiation also allows it to affect tissues deeper within the eye , such as muscles , the lens , and retina .", "nir radiation can induce various biological effects,19 and intensive or ...
PMC4590913	[ "hypertension is a common chronic medical condition affecting people in pakistan and the rest of the world .", "it is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , particularly for stroke ( accounting for 51% of all stroke deaths worldwide ) , ischemic heart disease ( 45% of all...	[ "<S> \n objectives . hypertension , </S>", "<S> if uncontrolled , can lead to hypertensive crisis . </S>", "<S> we aim to determine the prevalence of hypertensive crisis , its management , and outcome in patients presenting to a tertiary care center in karachi . methods . </S>", "<S> this was a cross - sectio...	null	[ "1. Background", "2. Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Conclusion" ]	[ [ "hypertension is a common chronic medical condition affecting people in pakistan and the rest of the world .", "it is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , particularly for stroke ( accounting for 51% of all stroke deaths worldwide ) , ischemic heart disease ( 45...
PMC4142314	[ "a basic set of proteins and mrnas are differentially expressed among cell types , temporally and spatially , generating a vast assortment of cell phenotypes and/or activation states within a single tissue .", "outlining this protein / mrna portrait is thus crucial for understanding not only the uniqueness charac...	[ "<S> in the cns , neuroinflammation occurring during pathologies as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) and multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is the consequence of an intricate interplay orchestrated by various cell phenotypes . among the molecular cues having a role in this process , extracellular nucleotides are respon...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Conclusion" ]	[ [ "a basic set of proteins and mrnas are differentially expressed among cell types , temporally and spatially , generating a vast assortment of cell phenotypes and/or activation states within a single tissue .", "outlining this protein / mrna portrait is thus crucial for understanding not only the uniquenes...
PMC3556436	[ "acute kidney injury ( aki ) requiring dialysis is a serious complication in critically ill patients , bringing increased morbidity , mortality , and costs of care [ 14 ] .", "aki requiring dialysis is usually considered the most severe form of kidney injury , and these patients have been conventionally regarded ...	[ "<S> in a multicenter observational cohort of patients - admitted to intensive care units ( icu ) , we assessed whether creatinine elevation prior to dialysis initiation in acute kidney injury ( aki - d ) further discriminates risk - adjusted mortality . </S>", "<S> aki - d was categorized into four groups ( grp ...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion " ]	[ [ "acute kidney injury ( aki ) requiring dialysis is a serious complication in critically ill patients , bringing increased morbidity , mortality , and costs of care [ 14 ] .", "aki requiring dialysis is usually considered the most severe form of kidney injury , and these patients have been conventionally r...
PMC3265212	[ "many previous studies have revealed that parents , especially mothers , of children with developmental disabilities such as intellectual disabilities ( ids ) , developmental delay , and physical and sensory handicaps are more likely to show signs of psychological distress or depressive symptoms and to exhibit lowe...	[ "<S> parents of children with intellectual disabilities and/or physical disabilities are supposed to have an increased risk for parenting stress and psychological distress . </S>", "<S> we as professional caregivers sometimes experience difficulties in keeping good relations or communicating with the parents . </...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion" ]	[ [ "many previous studies have revealed that parents , especially mothers , of children with developmental disabilities such as intellectual disabilities ( ids ) , developmental delay , and physical and sensory handicaps are more likely to show signs of psychological distress or depressive symptoms and to exhibi...
PMC2957965	[ "in may 2001 , 24 cases of s. typhimurium dt160 salmonellosis were reported in the auckland region compared with an average of four sporadic cases each month with this serotype in the previous 7 months .", "raw and undercooked egg consumption was commonly reported by the first 10 case - patients interviewed .", ...	[ "<S> an outbreak of human salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt160 infection in new zealand was investigated from may to august 2001 . </S>", "<S> handling of dead wild birds , contact with persons with diarrheal illness , and consumption of fast food were associated with infection . </S>", "<S> contamina...	null	[ "The Study", "Conclusions" ]	[ [ "in may 2001 , 24 cases of s. typhimurium dt160 salmonellosis were reported in the auckland region compared with an average of four sporadic cases each month with this serotype in the previous 7 months .", "raw and undercooked egg consumption was commonly reported by the first 10 case - patients interview...
PMC3757268	[ "non - crystallographic symmetry ( ncs ) is common in macromolecular crystals , occurring in about 1/3 or more of structures in the protein data bank [ 2 , 3 , 24 ] . though non - crystallographic symmetry increases the complexity of structure determination , in most cases it yields a distinct advantage in this pro...	[ "<S> the internal symmetry of a macromolecule is both an important aspect of its function and a useful feature in obtaining a structure by x - ray crystallography and other techniques . </S>", "<S> a method is presented for finding internal symmetry and other non - crystallographic symmetry in a structure based o...	null	[ "Introduction", "Methods", "Locating a region that is part of the macromolecule", "Searching for non-crystallographic symmetry", "Evaluating the correlation of NCS-related density", "Results and discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ [ "non - crystallographic symmetry ( ncs ) is common in macromolecular crystals , occurring in about 1/3 or more of structures in the protein data bank [ 2 , 3 , 24 ] . though non - crystallographic symmetry increases the complexity of structure determination , in most cases it yields a distinct advantage in th...
PMC2915806	[ "putting a halt to the rising trend in overweight prevalence has high priority in public health policy all over the developed world .", "prevention , preferably starting at an early age , is considered as the key strategy to achieve this goal , and considerable effort is put into the design of preventive measures...	[ "<S> \n objective . to prospectively identify behavioral risk factors for childhood overweight and to assess their relevance in high risk sub groups ( children of mothers with overweight or low education ) </S>", "<S> . \n methods . in the piama birth cohort ( n = 3963 ) , </S>", "<S> questionnaire data were ob...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Conclusions" ]	[ [ "putting a halt to the rising trend in overweight prevalence has high priority in public health policy all over the developed world .", "prevention , preferably starting at an early age , is considered as the key strategy to achieve this goal , and considerable effort is put into the design of preventive ...
PMC3139884	[ "the protection of water supplies and water distribution infrastructure such as reservoirs is of great concern for those defending against bioterrorism . the us military is concerned because there exist multiple biological warfare agents ( bwas ) that could be intentionally introduced into the water supply which co...	[ "<S> development of a rapid field test is needed capable of determining if field supplies of water are safe to drink by the warfighter during a military operation . </S>", "<S> the present study sought to assess the effectiveness of handheld assays ( hhas ) in detecting ricin and staphylococcal enterotoxin b ( se...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion" ]	[ [ "the protection of water supplies and water distribution infrastructure such as reservoirs is of great concern for those defending against bioterrorism . the us military is concerned because there exist multiple biological warfare agents ( bwas ) that could be intentionally introduced into the water supply wh...
PMC4772913	[ "osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumor with complicated pathogenesis and frequent distal metastasis , thus causing higher mortality rates , especially in the teenagers .", "epidemiological surveys revealed that nearly 40% of osteosarcoma patients died from misdiagnosis and/or early tumor metastasi...	[ "<S> backgroundas a type of primary malignant bone tumor , osteosarcoma has high incidence and poor prognosis , and is predisposed for pulmonary metastasis . </S>", "<S> the abnormal expression of p15 gene directly participates in the invasion of various cancers . </S>", "<S> therefore , this study investigated...	null	[ "Background", "Material and Methods", "Animal model", "SP-immunohistochemical (IHC) staining", "PCR for P15 gene mutation", "Statistical analysis", "Results", "Tumor size of osteosarcoma lesion", "Tumor cell percentage of osteosarcoma and pulmonary metastatic lesions by SP-IHC", "P15 gene mutation...	[ [ "osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumor with complicated pathogenesis and frequent distal metastasis , thus causing higher mortality rates , especially in the teenagers .", "epidemiological surveys revealed that nearly 40% of osteosarcoma patients died from misdiagnosis and/or early tumor m...
PMC4212291	[ "the term was used by hallopeau in 1889 and is derived from the greek ; thrix - hair , tillein - pull out and mania - madness .", "scalp is the most common site for pulling hair although other hair bearing areas may be involved . in less severe forms", "diagnosis is mainly by history and clinical examination , ...	[ "<S> introduction : trichotillomania ( ttm ) is characterized by patchy alopecia of hair bearing areas . this is because of compulsive urge to pull the hair . </S>", "<S> scalp is the most common site for pulling hair . </S>", "<S> usually , patients may have only small areas of baldness , in severe forms , ton...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "Patients", "Trichoscopic examination", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION", "CONCLUSION" ]	[ [ "the term was used by hallopeau in 1889 and is derived from the greek ; thrix - hair , tillein - pull out and mania - madness .", "scalp is the most common site for pulling hair although other hair bearing areas may be involved . in less severe forms", "diagnosis is mainly by history and clinical exam...
PMC2779291	[ "the prevalence of syphilis in the normal population has decreased significantly since 1977 in korea ( 1 , 2 ) . however ,", "in western countries the incidence of syphilis has risen , mainly in the 20 - 24 age group and its clinical manifestations have been various ( 3 ) .", "sexual activity has become more ac...	[ "<S> a 30-yr - old man was referred for suspicious rectal cancer because of ulcerated lesions in the rectum and a palpable mass in left inguinal area . </S>", "<S> sigmoidoscopy showed two indurated masses and histologic evaluation of biopsy revealed obliterative endarteritis with heavy plasma cell infiltration ....	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "CASE REPORT", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "the prevalence of syphilis in the normal population has decreased significantly since 1977 in korea ( 1 , 2 ) . however ,", "in western countries the incidence of syphilis has risen , mainly in the 20 - 24 age group and its clinical manifestations have been various ( 3 ) .", "sexual activity has beco...
PMC4823619	[ "the protective effects of vagus nerve during ischemia / reperfusion ( i / r ) have been suggested ( 1 ) .", "vagus nerve stimulation decreases the inflammation and the injuries resulted from i / r through affecting neutrophils while vagotomy increases these processes ( 1 ) .", "moreover , it has been observed ...	[ "<S> objectives : vagal pathways in gastrointestinal tract are the most important pathways that regulate ischemia / reperfusion ( i / r ) . </S>", "<S> gastrointestinal tract is one of the important sources of melatonin production . </S>", "<S> the aim of this study was to investigate probable protective effect...	null	[ "Introduction", "Materials and Methods", "Vagus nerve stimulation", "Ischemia/reperfusion", "Measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and glutathione peroxides (GPX), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities", "Infiltration of neutrophils", "Statistical analysis", "Results", "Infiltration of...	[ [ "the protective effects of vagus nerve during ischemia / reperfusion ( i / r ) have been suggested ( 1 ) .", "vagus nerve stimulation decreases the inflammation and the injuries resulted from i / r through affecting neutrophils while vagotomy increases these processes ( 1 ) .", "moreover , it has been...
PMC3279550	[ "a stratified , multistage probability cluster sampling design was used in this survey ( 13 ) . based on socioeconomic characteristics", ", in the first stage of sampling , 22 counties were randomly selected from each of the 6 regions in china . in the second stage ,", "three townships were randomly selected fr...	[ "<S> objectiveearly developmental adaptations in response to undernutrition may play an essential role in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes , particularly for those experiencing a mismatched rich nutritional environment in later life . </S>", "<S> we examined the associations of exposure to the chinese famine (...	null	[ "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS", "Famine cohorts and areas.", "Assessments of blood glucose and type 2 diabetes.", "Stratification factors.", "Statistical analyses.", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "the 2002 cnnhs is a nationally representative cross - sectional study on nutrition and chronic diseases .", "a stratified , multistage probability cluster sampling design was used in this survey ( 13 ) . based on socioeconomic characteristics", ", in the first stage of sampling , 22 counties were ran...
PMC3692593	[ "with the goal of discovering the genes that contribute to the risk of common diseases , numerous susceptibility loci have been identified using linkage analysis . despite replication of many of these linkages in a second sample ,", "some exceptions include tbc1d1 , identified as the gene responsible for the obes...	[ "<S> we previously localized type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) susceptibility genes to five chromosomal regions through a genome - wide linkage scan of t2d and age of diagnosis ( aod ) in the african american subset of the gennid sample . </S>", "<S> to follow up these findings , we repeated the linkage and association ana...	null	[ "Introduction", "Subjects and Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Supplementary Material" ]	[ [ "with the goal of discovering the genes that contribute to the risk of common diseases , numerous susceptibility loci have been identified using linkage analysis . despite replication of many of these linkages in a second sample ,", "some exceptions include tbc1d1 , identified as the gene responsible for ...
PMC4893437	[ "the circadian system organizes the different biological functions in 24 h , such as sleep / activity , temperature , heart rate , glucose level , cortisol production , and oxidative stress . in mammals ,", "this system is organized by a central clock localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (...	[ "<S> the circadian system is a supraphysiological system that modulates different biological functions such as metabolism , sleep - wake , cellular proliferation , and body temperature . </S>", "<S> different chronodisruptors have been identified , such as shift work , feeding time , long days , and stress . </S>...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Clock Genes and Metabolic Disorder", "3. Clock Genes and Infertility", "4. Clock Genes, Mood Disorder, and Others", "5. Clock Genes and Cancer", "6. Conclusion" ]	[ [ "the circadian system organizes the different biological functions in 24 h , such as sleep / activity , temperature , heart rate , glucose level , cortisol production , and oxidative stress . in mammals ,", "this system is organized by a central clock localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypoth...
PMC3132988	[ "cellular adaptation requires biochemical processes including post - translational mechanisms to modify existing proteins . catalyzed by opposing kinases and phosphatases , reversible phosphorylation of serine , threonine , and tyrosine residues is now appreciated as a fundamental regulatory mechanism with the majo...	[ "<S> protein phosphatase 2a- ( pp2a- ) catalyzed dephosphorylation of target substrate proteins is widespread and critical for cellular function . </S>", "<S> pp2a is predominantly found as a heterotrimeric complex of a catalytic subunit ( c ) , a scaffolding subunit ( a ) , and one member of 4 families of regula...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Mechanisms of Substrate Specificity", "3. Conclusion" ]	[ [ "cellular adaptation requires biochemical processes including post - translational mechanisms to modify existing proteins . catalyzed by opposing kinases and phosphatases , reversible phosphorylation of serine , threonine , and tyrosine residues is now appreciated as a fundamental regulatory mechanism with th...
PMC3316147	[ "connectivity is key to understanding activity in neural systems ( sporns et al . , 2000 ) .", "network connectivity in science and in engineering fields as diverse as mechanics , communication technology , public health , geography and town planning , is studied mathematically using the concepts of graph theory ...	[ "<S> psychiatric illnesses characterized by disorganized cognition , such as schizophrenia , have been described in terms of fragmentation and hence understood as reduction in functional brain connectivity , particularly in prefrontal and parietal areas . however , as graph theory shows , relatively small numbers o...	null	[ "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Evolving networks", "Percolation and self-organization in small-worlds", "Discussion", "Data", "Conflict of interest statement" ]	[ [ "connectivity is key to understanding activity in neural systems ( sporns et al . , 2000 ) .", "network connectivity in science and in engineering fields as diverse as mechanics , communication technology , public health , geography and town planning , is studied mathematically using the concepts of graph...
PMC2771838	[ "dysphagia is the subjective awareness of difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the oropharynx to the stomach .", "dysphagia can be classified into an oropharyngeal or an esophageal location , and it is caused by neuromuscular motility disorders and mechanical obstruction.1 ) mechanical dysphagia is...	[ "<S> dysphagia aortica is difficulty in swallowing caused by extrinsic compression of the esophagus due to an ectatic , tortuous , or aneurysmatic atherosclerotic thoracic aorta . </S>", "<S> this condition is very uncommon , and it is usually associated with old age , women with short stature , hypertension , an...	null	[ "Introduction", "Case", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "dysphagia is the subjective awareness of difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the oropharynx to the stomach .", "dysphagia can be classified into an oropharyngeal or an esophageal location , and it is caused by neuromuscular motility disorders and mechanical obstruction.1 ) mechanical dysp...
PMC4854663	[ "from now on , molecular study regarding female sexuality has focused on female sexual hormone , like estrogen receptor ( er ) and er derivatives.12 but flibanserin is an agent of 5-hydroxytryptamin ( 5-ht ) type 1a receptor and an antagonist of 5-ht type 2a and thus a new molecular entity.3 flibanserin was origina...	[ "<S> there have been several products developed for male sexual dysfunction . </S>", "<S> however , developing agents for female sexual dysfunction is lagging behind for various reasons . </S>", "<S> sildenafil citrate ( viagra ) and tadalafil ( cialis ) , which have been prescribed for male sexual function dis...	null	[ "Introduction of Flibanserin", "Diagnostic Criteria of HSDD", "Clinical Studies of Flibanserin", "Precautions in Prescription of Flibanserin", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "from now on , molecular study regarding female sexuality has focused on female sexual hormone , like estrogen receptor ( er ) and er derivatives.12 but flibanserin is an agent of 5-hydroxytryptamin ( 5-ht ) type 1a receptor and an antagonist of 5-ht type 2a and thus a new molecular entity.3 flibanserin was o...
PMC3555381	[ "kcm is itself very rare and distinct type of keratoacanthoma which usually occurs over extremities and scalp is unusual site for development of lesion .", "treatment is difficult as lesion of kcm present with large raised , rolled borders with peripheral extension .", "keratoacanthoma ( ka ) is a rapidly evolv...	[ "<S> keratoacanthoma ( ka ) is a rapidly evolving tumor , composed of keratinizing squamous cells originating in pilosebaceous follicles and resolving spontaneously if left untreated . </S>", "<S> it is relatively uncommon in dark - skinned and occurs in middle aged individuals . </S>", "<S> males are three tim...	null	[ "Introduction", "Case Report", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "kcm is itself very rare and distinct type of keratoacanthoma which usually occurs over extremities and scalp is unusual site for development of lesion .", "treatment is difficult as lesion of kcm present with large raised , rolled borders with peripheral extension .", "keratoacanthoma ( ka ) is a rap...
PMC4508471	[ "hydroxyapatite biomaterials are materials that are very widely used in several health purposes , including as a source of calcium for the manufacture of toothpaste and as an important material in the formation / bone repair .", "the chemical properties of hydroxyapatite are bioactive and compatible with the adja...	[ "<S> crab 's shells of portunus pelagicus species were used as raw materials for synthesis of hydroxyapatite were used for protection against demineralization of teeth . </S>", "<S> calcination was conducted to crab 's shells of portunus pelagicus at temperature of 1000c for 5 hours . </S>", "<S> the results of...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Experimental", "3. Results and Discussion", "4. Conclusion" ]	[ [ "hydroxyapatite biomaterials are materials that are very widely used in several health purposes , including as a source of calcium for the manufacture of toothpaste and as an important material in the formation / bone repair .", "the chemical properties of hydroxyapatite are bioactive and compatible with ...
PMC4616145	[ "brain injury is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors and it can result in various \n disabilities such as motor , sensory , behavioral , or cognitive dysfunction depending on the \n area of the brain lesion1 . cognitive \n impairment due to brain injury is an important factor affecting patients independent \n ...	[ "<S> [ purpose ] the purpose of this review was to investigate various types of vr programs and \n their use in cognitive evaluations and interventions for patients with brain injury . \n [ subjects and methods ] pubmed , cochrane , and otseeker electronic databases were searched \n with the search terms . at of 35...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "SUBJECTS AND METHODS", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "brain injury is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors and it can result in various \n disabilities such as motor , sensory , behavioral , or cognitive dysfunction depending on the \n area of the brain lesion1 . cognitive \n impairment due to brain injury is an important factor affecting patients independe...
PMC3547305	[ "despite a considerable progress in malaria control in iran over the past few years that led to significant reduction of cases , the disease still remains a major health problem in south and southeastern parts of the country .", "2008 , afsharpad et al . 2012 ) and insecticide resistance of anopheles vectors ( en...	[ "<S> background : anopheles fluviatilis , one of the major malaria vectors in iran , is assumed to be a complex of sibling species . </S>", "<S> the aim of this study was to evaluate cytochrome oxidase i ( coi ) gene alongside 28s - d3 as a diagnostic tool for identification of an . </S>", "<S> fluviatilis sibl...	null	[ "Introduction", "Materials and Methods", "Mosquitoes DNA", "PCR and sequencing of DNA", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "despite a considerable progress in malaria control in iran over the past few years that led to significant reduction of cases , the disease still remains a major health problem in south and southeastern parts of the country .", "2008 , afsharpad et al . 2012 ) and insecticide resistance of anopheles vect...
PMC2988961	[ "they are found most commonly in the cranial and peripheral nerves , and occurrence in the omentum is very rare .", "however , there have been some cases reported to develop serious complications and , if there was malignancy , to cause metastasis or recurrence .", "we presented a case of schwannoma originating...	[ "<S> schwannoma in the abdomen is an uncommon neoplasm that occurs most frequently in the cranial and peripheral nerves ; it is extremely rare in the great omentum and only 6 cases of schwannoma of the great omentum have been observed previously . </S>", "<S> we report the case of a schwannoma found in the great ...	null	[ "Introduction", "Case Report", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "they are found most commonly in the cranial and peripheral nerves , and occurrence in the omentum is very rare .", "however , there have been some cases reported to develop serious complications and , if there was malignancy , to cause metastasis or recurrence .", "we presented a case of schwannoma o...
PMC3137987	[ "coronary artery disease ( cad ) is a major public health problem worldwide and the single largest cause of mortality in the united states , responsible for one of every six deaths ( aha heart disease and stroke statistics , 2010 ) .", "cad is caused by atherosclerosis , which is an inflammatory disease that invo...	[ "<S> coronary artery disease ( cad ) is the largest killer of males and females in the united states . </S>", "<S> there is a need to develop innovative diagnostic markers for this disease . </S>", "<S> micrornas ( mirnas ) are a class of noncoding rnas that posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of gene...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion" ]	[ [ "coronary artery disease ( cad ) is a major public health problem worldwide and the single largest cause of mortality in the united states , responsible for one of every six deaths ( aha heart disease and stroke statistics , 2010 ) .", "cad is caused by atherosclerosis , which is an inflammatory disease t...
PMC355903	[ "among eusocial insects , paper wasps ( hymenoptera : vespidae : polistinae ) are notable for the diversity of their nest architecture ( jeanne , 1975 ; wenzel , 1991 ) .", "many swarm - founding polistine wasps , including most species of the neotropical tribe epiponini , construct envelopes around their brood c...	[ "<S> the swarm - founding wasp polybia emaciata is unusual among eusocial vespidae because it uses mud , rather than wood pulp , as its primary nest construction material . </S>", "<S> polybia emaciata nests are more durable than similarly sized paper nests . </S>", "<S> we tested the hypothesis that the defens...	null	[ "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Figures and Tables" ]	[ [ "among eusocial insects , paper wasps ( hymenoptera : vespidae : polistinae ) are notable for the diversity of their nest architecture ( jeanne , 1975 ; wenzel , 1991 ) .", "many swarm - founding polistine wasps , including most species of the neotropical tribe epiponini , construct envelopes around their...
PMC3303893	[ "human gliomas represent 50% to 60% of all intracranial tumors . according to the world health organization ( who ) guidelines ,", "gliomas are histologically classified into four grades : pilocytic astrocytoma ( grade i ) , low - grade diffuse astrocytoma ( grade ii ) , anaplastic astrocytoma ( grade iii ) , and...	[ "<S> \n aim . to examine the expression of n - methylpurine - dna glycosylase \n ( mpg ) gene and protein in glioma samples with different who grades \n and its association with patients ' survival </S>", "<S> . methods . \n </S>", "<S> immunohistochemistry assay , quantitative real - time pcr and western \n bl...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion" ]	[ [ "human gliomas represent 50% to 60% of all intracranial tumors . according to the world health organization ( who ) guidelines ,", "gliomas are histologically classified into four grades : pilocytic astrocytoma ( grade i ) , low - grade diffuse astrocytoma ( grade ii ) , anaplastic astrocytoma ( grade iii...
PMC3901970	[ "the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has widely increased worldwide [ 1 , 2 ] , making it one of the most common chronic disorders in this age group and in adulthood . ", "the use of body mass index ( bmi ) for age to define being overweight and obese in children and adolescen...	[ "<S> \n objective . to review the extant literature on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents ( 1019 years old ) of both sexes </S>", "<S> . \n design . </S>", "<S> the search was carried out using medline and scopus considering articles published from the establishment of the databanks until j...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Limitations of the Study", "6. Conclusions" ]	[ [ "the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has widely increased worldwide [ 1 , 2 ] , making it one of the most common chronic disorders in this age group and in adulthood . ", "the use of body mass index ( bmi ) for age to define being overweight and obese in children and a...
PMC5089965	[ "\n sacubitril / valsartan is a combination of a neprilysin inhibitor and an angiotensin ii receptor blocker , indicated to decrease the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with chronic heart failure.a patient previously stable on atorvastatin developed severe rhabdomyolys...	[ "<S> a 63-year - old woman previously stable on a regimen of atorvastatin 40 mg daily , carvedilol 25 mg twice daily , digoxin 0.125 mg daily , furosemide 40 mg daily , spironolactone 25 mg daily , rivaroxaban 15 mg daily , and enalapril 20 mg twice daily for heart failure developed rhabdomyolysis 26 days a...	null	[ "Key Points", "Introduction", "Case Report", "Discussion", "Conclusions", "Funding", "Conflict of interest", "Consent" ]	[ [ "\n sacubitril / valsartan is a combination of a neprilysin inhibitor and an angiotensin ii receptor blocker , indicated to decrease the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with chronic heart failure.a patient previously stable on atorvastatin developed severe rhabdo...
PMC4999398	[ "the nlrp3 inflammasome , a member of the nlr family , is a key player in the production of uric acid - mediated il-1 and is an important cytoplasmic protein complex involved in gouty inflammation ( 12 ) .", "although the precise pathogenic mechanism of gout has not been clearly determined , several crucial prote...	[ "<S> the aim of this study was to determine the association between p2x7r rs3751142 and card8 rs2043211 polymorphisms and gout susceptibility in male korean subjects . </S>", "<S> this study enrolled a total of 242 male patients with gout and 280 healthy controls . </S>", "<S> the polymorphisms of two individua...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "Subjects and collection of clinical information", "Genotyping", "Statistical analysis", "Ethics statement", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION" ]	[ [ "the nlrp3 inflammasome , a member of the nlr family , is a key player in the production of uric acid - mediated il-1 and is an important cytoplasmic protein complex involved in gouty inflammation ( 12 ) .", "although the precise pathogenic mechanism of gout has not been clearly determined , several cruci...
PMC3354430	[ "isolated involvement of the appendix in crohn 's disease is reported to be 0.2% to 1.8% , and is usually associated with ileocaecal crohn 's disease in 25% of ileal and 50% of caecal disease .", "while appendicitis in a patient who was previously diagnosed to have ileocaecal crohn 's may be managed with appendic...	[ "<S> context : isolated involvement of the appendix in crohn 's disease is reported to be 0.2% to 1.8% , and is usually associated with ileocaecal crohn 's disease in 25% of ileal and 50% of caecal disease . </S>", "<S> while appendicitis in a patient who was previously diagnosed to have ileocaecal crohn 's may b...	null	[ "Context:", "Case Report:", "Conclusion:", "Introduction", "Case Report", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "isolated involvement of the appendix in crohn 's disease is reported to be 0.2% to 1.8% , and is usually associated with ileocaecal crohn 's disease in 25% of ileal and 50% of caecal disease .", "while appendicitis in a patient who was previously diagnosed to have ileocaecal crohn 's may be managed with ...
PMC3169089	[ "the random sample comprises 267 caucasian preadolescents ( 121 girls , 146 boys ) and 330 caucasian adolescents ( 164 girls , 166 boys ) of a population belonging to the swedish part of the european youth heart study ( eyhs ) .", "the eyhs is a cross - sectional school - based study of risk factors for future ca...	[ "<S> backgroundbody height is a classic polygenic trait . about 80%90% of height </S>", "<S> is inherited and 10%20% owed to environmental factors , of which the most important ones are nutrition and diseases in preadolescents and adolescents.objectivethe aim of this study was to explore potential relations betwe...	null	[ "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conflict of interest and funding" ]	[ [ "the random sample comprises 267 caucasian preadolescents ( 121 girls , 146 boys ) and 330 caucasian adolescents ( 164 girls , 166 boys ) of a population belonging to the swedish part of the european youth heart study ( eyhs ) .", "the eyhs is a cross - sectional school - based study of risk factors for f...
PMC3317101	[ "primary hyperparathyroidism ( php ) is a hypercalcemic disease stemming from an abnormal increase in parathyroid hormone ( pth ) secretion by one or more parathyroid glands .", "the hallmark of this condition is the presence of high levels of calcium and high or inappropriate levels of pth .", "primary hyperpa...	[ "<S> \n introduction . primary hyperparathyroidism ( php ) is characteristically determined by high levels of calcium and high or inappropriate levels of parathyroid hormone ( pth ) . </S>", "<S> technological advances have dramatically changed the surgical technique over the years once intraoperative parathyroid...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Patients and Methods", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Conclusion" ]	[ [ "primary hyperparathyroidism ( php ) is a hypercalcemic disease stemming from an abnormal increase in parathyroid hormone ( pth ) secretion by one or more parathyroid glands .", "the hallmark of this condition is the presence of high levels of calcium and high or inappropriate levels of pth .", "prima...
PMC4876731	[ "the prevalence of diabetes in the u.s . has increased ( 1 ) , and cardiovascular ( cv ) complications remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes , contributing substantially to increased health care costs ( 2 ) . as individuals attempt to manage their diabetes , there is incr...	[ "<S> objectiveto evaluate the impact of comorbid depressive symptoms and/or stress on adverse cardiovascular ( cv ) outcomes in individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes.research design and methodsinvestigators examined the relationship between baseline depressive symptoms and/or stress in adul...	null	[ "Introduction", "Research Design and Methods", "Study Design, Cohort Description, and Medication Information", "Physical Examination and Laboratory Measures", "Diabetes, Depressive Symptoms, and Stress Measures", "CV Outcome Measures and Death", "Measurement of Potential Confounders", "Analysis", "R...	[ [ "the prevalence of diabetes in the u.s . has increased ( 1 ) , and cardiovascular ( cv ) complications remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes , contributing substantially to increased health care costs ( 2 ) . as individuals attempt to manage their diabetes , there i...
PMC4330666	[ "antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( anca)-associated glomerulonephritis ( gn ) is characterized by necrotizing and crescentic gn with paucity of immunoglobulin ( ig ) and complement deposition , which is also known as pauci - immune crescentic gn .", "membranous nephropathy ( mn ) is characterized by the for...	[ "<S> introduction : antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( anca)-associated glomerulonephritis ( gn ) is characterized by necrotizing and crescentic gn with paucity of immunoglobulin ( ig ) and complement deposition , which is also known as pauci - immune crescentic gn . </S>", "<S> membranous nephropathy ( mn )...	null	[ "Introduction:", "Case Presentation:", "Conclusions:", "1. Introduction", "2. Case Presentation", "3. Discussion" ]	[ [ "antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( anca)-associated glomerulonephritis ( gn ) is characterized by necrotizing and crescentic gn with paucity of immunoglobulin ( ig ) and complement deposition , which is also known as pauci - immune crescentic gn .", "membranous nephropathy ( mn ) is characterized by...
PMC3259484	[ "although enhanced cardiovascular reactivity is generally associated with future development of hypertension and other cardiovascular events [ 15 ] , there are studies that have failed to show any relationship between reactivity to stress and future elevation of blood pressure [ 1 , 612 ] .", "emerging evidence s...	[ "<S> although several studies have shown that enhanced cardiovascular reactivity can predict hypertension development in african americans , these findings have not been consistent among all studies examining reactivity and hypertension susceptibility . </S>", "<S> this inconsistency may be explained by the influ...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Methods", "3. Statistics", "4. Results", "5. Discussion", "6. Limitations" ]	[ [ "although enhanced cardiovascular reactivity is generally associated with future development of hypertension and other cardiovascular events [ 15 ] , there are studies that have failed to show any relationship between reactivity to stress and future elevation of blood pressure [ 1 , 612 ] .", "emerging ev...
PMC4681224	[ "sweet 's syndrome ( ss ) presenting in a localized and symmetric pattern is a very rare phenomenon . there have , however , been , a few case reports for the same .", "ss per se was first reported in 1964 by robert douglas sweet . though classically presenting as tender pseudovesicles", ", ss may demonstrate n...	[ "<S> sweet 's syndrome is a well - known entity in the field of dermatology . </S>", "<S> it has presented itself in myriad forms , well - recorded in literature . </S>", "<S> our patient presented with a sudden eruption of nontender molluscoid pseudovesicles distributed over the neck and forearms alone . a com...	null	[ "Introduction", "Case Report", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "sweet 's syndrome ( ss ) presenting in a localized and symmetric pattern is a very rare phenomenon . there have , however , been , a few case reports for the same .", "ss per se was first reported in 1964 by robert douglas sweet . though classically presenting as tender pseudovesicles", ", ss may dem...
PMC4745498	[ "in order to prevent and control microbial proliferation in industrial settings , cleaning and disinfection plans are applied on a regular basis [ 1 , 2 ] . in food processing plants ,", "the control of microbial contamination generally involves clean - in - place ( cip ) procedures which consist of running alter...	[ "<S> standard cleaning processes may not remove all the soiling typically found in food industry , such as carbohydrates , fats , or proteins . </S>", "<S> contaminants have a high impact in disinfection as their presence may reduce the activity of disinfectants . </S>", "<S> the influence of alginic acid , bov...	null	[ "1. Introduction ", "2. Materials and Methods", "3. Results ", "4. Discussion ", "5. Conclusions" ]	[ [ "in order to prevent and control microbial proliferation in industrial settings , cleaning and disinfection plans are applied on a regular basis [ 1 , 2 ] . in food processing plants ,", "the control of microbial contamination generally involves clean - in - place ( cip ) procedures which consist of runni...
PMC4180206	[ "social scientists who explore factors mediating and moderating the relationships between social stressors and mental health , including drinking outcomes , have highlighted modes of coping [ 1 , 2 ] . these studies have explored behaviors which protect people from being psychologically harmed and cognitive appra...	[ "<S> research derived from the stress paradigm suggests that certain types of coping ( e.g. , problem - focused coping instead of behavioral disengagement ) are protective against problem - related drinking to deal with social stressors . </S>", "<S> going beyond the typical focus in the coping literature , we hy...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Methods ", "3. Results", "4. Discussion", "5. Conclusions" ]	[ [ "social scientists who explore factors mediating and moderating the relationships between social stressors and mental health , including drinking outcomes , have highlighted modes of coping [ 1 , 2 ] . these studies have explored behaviors which protect people from being psychologically harmed and cognitive...
PMC4327281	[ "the development of titanium fixtures has brought several benefits for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients . when biological and mechanical principles are respected", ", this treatment modality may successfully restore the functional and esthetic impairments caused by tooth loss3 . in spite of the significa...	[ "<S> several authors still consider the mechanical problems of fracture and component loosening as the main causes of failure of implant - supported restorations . </S>", "<S> the purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the preload of three types of screw for transmucosal abutment attachment used in single ...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "MATERIAL AND METHODS", "RESULTS", "DISCUSSION", "CONCLUSIONS" ]	[ [ "the development of titanium fixtures has brought several benefits for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients . when biological and mechanical principles are respected", ", this treatment modality may successfully restore the functional and esthetic impairments caused by tooth loss3 . in spite of the s...
PMC3311057	[ "the central nervous system ( cns ) represents an important target for hiv infection during multiple stages of the disease : early , after invasion of the host , since the virus rapidly enters the cns , which then constantly acts as a viral reservoir ; lately , subverting its function and causing peripheral neuropa...	[ "<S> the central nervous system ( cns ) represents an important target for hiv infection during multiple stages of the disease : early , after invasion of the host , acting as a viral reservoir ; lately , subverting its function and causing peripheral neuropathies and neurocognitive disorders ; and lastly , during ...	null	[ "Backgroung", "Current Understanding of CNSHIV Infection", "Developing Strategies", "Innovatively targeted pathways", "Nanoformulated HAART", "Neuroprotective strategy", "Conclusion", "Conflict of Interest Statement" ]	[ [ "the central nervous system ( cns ) represents an important target for hiv infection during multiple stages of the disease : early , after invasion of the host , since the virus rapidly enters the cns , which then constantly acts as a viral reservoir ; lately , subverting its function and causing peripheral n...
PMC3138923	[ "colorectal adenocarcinoma is the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in korea , accounting for 12% of newly diagnosed cancer cases . according to the ministry of health and welfare , the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased in both males and females during the past 2 decades . although surgery is p...	[ "<S> purposefluoropyrimidine - based combination chemotherapy , in combination with either oxaliplatin or irinotecan , has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer ( acc).materials and methodsbetween january 2006 and december 2007 , a total of 478 acc patients were treated w...	null	[ "Introduction", "Materials and Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "colorectal adenocarcinoma is the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in korea , accounting for 12% of newly diagnosed cancer cases . according to the ministry of health and welfare , the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased in both males and females during the past 2 decades . although surger...
PMC4432382	[ "lymphomatoid granulomatosis ( lyg ) is a rare angiocentric and angiodestructive lymphoproliferative disease with granulomatous reaction involving the lungs most frequently , however , it may also involve the kidneys , skin and especially the central nervous system4,6,9,11 ) .", "lyg is characterized by an infilt...	[ "<S> lymphomatoid granulomatosis ( lyg ) is a lymphoproliferative disease involving the lungs most frequently ; however , it may also involve the kidneys , skin and especially the central nervous system . </S>", "<S> unique initial presentation of spinal involvement is extremely rare and epidural lesion of thorac...	null	[ "INTRODUCTION", "CASE REPORT", "DISCUSSION", "CONCLUSION" ]	[ [ "lymphomatoid granulomatosis ( lyg ) is a rare angiocentric and angiodestructive lymphoproliferative disease with granulomatous reaction involving the lungs most frequently , however , it may also involve the kidneys , skin and especially the central nervous system4,6,9,11 ) .", "lyg is characterized by a...
PMC4897483	[ "kidney transplant recipients not only have numerous comorbidities associated with renal failure , but also often have additional problems due to chronic immunosuppression [ 13 ] .", "the surgical management of colorectal cancer is risky to the patient in terms of the surgical procedure and the interruption of im...	[ "<S> \n\n aim . to prove the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive ( laparoscopic and robotic ) colorectal resection in kidney recipients by evaluating the technical protocol and reviewing short- and long - term outcomes . methods . between may 2007 and august 2012 , </S>", "<S> a retrospective review of t...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Aim", "3. Methods and Materials", "4. Results", "5. Discussion" ]	[ [ "kidney transplant recipients not only have numerous comorbidities associated with renal failure , but also often have additional problems due to chronic immunosuppression [ 13 ] .", "the surgical management of colorectal cancer is risky to the patient in terms of the surgical procedure and the interrupti...
PMC2988921	[ "acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery ( sma ) causes extensive intestinal necrosis due to the difficulty of early diagnosis , resulting in poor prognosis , with a high postoperative mortality rate of 65.2% .", "recent reports indicate that selective thrombolytic therapy with intraarterial infusion of...	[ "<S> acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery ( sma ) causes extensive bowel necrosis , resulting in a poor prognosis with an extremely high mortality rate . </S>", "<S> an 82-year - old woman was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of abdominal pain . </S>", "<S> she was diagnosed as having ac...	null	[ "Introduction", "Case Report", "Discussion" ]	[ [ "acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery ( sma ) causes extensive intestinal necrosis due to the difficulty of early diagnosis , resulting in poor prognosis , with a high postoperative mortality rate of 65.2% .", "recent reports indicate that selective thrombolytic therapy with intraarterial inf...
PMC4993619	[ "advances in imaging technology have continued , and recently there has been increasing interest in the use of standing whole - body stereoradiography ( sr ) when evaluating spinal deformity .", "the purported advantages of sr include lack of magnification , lack of parallax distortion , simultaneous two - dimens...	[ "<S> study design \n retrospective analysis.objective \n to evaluate the correlation and reliability of cervical sagittal alignment parameters obtained from lateral cervical radiographs ( xrs ) compared with lateral whole - body stereoradiographs ( srs).methods \n we evaluated adults with cervical deformity using b...	null	[ "Introduction", "Materials and Methods", "Results", "Intrarater Reliability", "Interrater Reliability", "Correlation Analysis XR versus SR", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ [ "cervical sagittal alignment is an important component of global spinal alignment , allowing optimized energy expenditure during upright human posture by positioning the head over the pelvis and maintaining appropriate horizontal gaze.1 cervical radiographs ( xrs ) are most commonly performed in the standing ...
PMC2943111	[ "nucleotide excision repair ( ner ) plays a central role in preserving the genome of prokaryotes and eukaryotes . ", "this versatile repair system removes structurally and chemically diverse bulky dna lesions , including those induced by exposure to uv light and environmental chemical carcinogens [ 1 , 2 ] . ",...	[ "<S> nucleotide excision repair ( ner ) plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the genome when damaged by bulky dna lesions , since inefficient repair can cause mutations and human diseases notably cancer . </S>", "<S> the structural properties of dna lesions that determine their relative suscept...	null	[ "1. Introduction", "2. Nearest Neighbor Base Sequence Context Impacts NER of the ", "3. Distant Neighbor Base Sequence Context Affects NER of the ", "4. Understanding Repairability Differences: the Degree of Local Thermodynamic Destabilization Is a Unifying Hypothesis" ]	[ [ "nucleotide excision repair ( ner ) plays a central role in preserving the genome of prokaryotes and eukaryotes . ", "this versatile repair system removes structurally and chemically diverse bulky dna lesions , including those induced by exposure to uv light and environmental chemical carcinogens [ 1 , 2...

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