*</nowiki> \"Darrell Hazell was fired on Oct. 16, 2016 and Gerad Parker was named interim coach to finish the season. \" <nowiki>**</nowiki> \"Kevin Wilson resigned as head coach at Indiana on Dec. 1,","title":"2016 Big Ten Conference football season"},{"id":"18022181","text":"Ryan Saunders Ryan Philip Saunders (born April 28, 1986) is an American basketball former player and coach. He is currently an assistant coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is known for his work in player development while with the Wizards staff. Born in Medina, Minnesota, Saunders graduated from Wayzata High School in Plymouth, Minnesota in 2004. A walk-on, Saunders played basketball at the University of Minnesota from 2004 to 2008 as a guard. He played only 20 games in his first two seasons in a backup role. Saunders redshirted the 2006–07 season due to","title":"Ryan Saunders"},{"id":"18022184","text":"Ryan Saunders Ryan Philip Saunders (born April 28, 1986) is an American basketball former player and coach. He is currently an assistant coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is known for his work in player development while with the Wizards staff. Born in Medina, Minnesota, Saunders graduated from Wayzata High School in Plymouth, Minnesota in 2004. A walk-on, Saunders played basketball at the University of Minnesota from 2004 to 2008 as a guard. He played only 20 games in his first two seasons in a backup role. Saunders redshirted the 2006–07 season due to","title":"Ryan Saunders"},{"id":"7326261","text":"be an assistant coach for the Denver Nuggets. On October 2, 2016, he returned to the Timberwolves as an assistant coach. Ed Pinckney Edward Lewis Pinckney (born March 27, 1963) is a retired American basketball player currently working as an assistant coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He attended Villanova University and was a part of the Villanova Wildcats's 1981 heralded recruiting class that included Gary McLain, who was his roommate, and Dwayne McClain. A 6′9″ forward from The Bronx, New York, Pinckney led regional eight-seed Villanova Wildcats to the NCAA title over the heavily","title":"Ed Pinckney"},{"id":"803616","text":"the first round of the playoffs for the seventh straight year. In 2003, the Timberwolves made two strong off-season moves, trading away forward Joe Smith and injured guard Terrell Brandon in a multi-player deal for Ervin Johnson, Sam Cassell and embattled guard Latrell Sprewell. During the 2003–04 NBA season, the Timberwolves became the team to beat in the Western Conference. They finished the season as the top seed in the Western Conference with a record of 58–24, and beat the Denver Nuggets and Sacramento Kings in the first two rounds of the NBA playoffs. Kevin Garnett leapt upon the scorer's","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"13516470","text":"David Kahn (sports executive) David Kahn (born July 28, 1961) is an American sports executive, attorney, and former sportswriter. He is the former president of basketball operations for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association. Kahn was born to a Jewish family in Portland, Oregon with three siblings Robert Kahn, now living in Jerusalem, Steven Kahn, a personal injury Lawyer in Portland, and Sarah Kahn Glass. His father, Garry L. Kahn, was the founder of personal injury firm Kahn & Kahn which his brother now runs. He attended Woodrow Wilson High School in Portland, OR then college at UCLA,","title":"David Kahn (sports executive)"},{"id":"8279280","text":"with Baloncesto Sevilla as head coach, but by September 2014 the Liga ACB had not processed his coaching license in time for him to start the season with the team. Audie Norris assumed formal head coaching duties in Roth's place, until Roth's contract was terminated on January 22, 2015. On September 25, 2015, the Minnesota Timberwolves announced that Roth has been hired as a scout. On August 29, 2017 it was announced that Roth was appointed as the head coach of the Iowa Wolves of the NBA G League. Scott Roth Scott Edward Roth (born June 3, 1963) is a","title":"Scott Roth"},{"id":"5326034","text":"the Denver Nuggets. The following day, however, he was waived by the Hawks. On July 19, 2017, Crawford signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves. In his debut for the Timberwolves in their season opener on October 18, 2017, Crawford scored 10 points in a 107–99 loss to the San Antonio Spurs. Two days later, he scored all 17 of his points in the fourth quarter and hit a 3-pointer with 27.5 seconds to go to help the Timberwolves hold off the Utah Jazz 100–97 in their home opener. On December 18, 2017, he scored a season-high 23 points in 23 minutes,","title":"Jamal Crawford"},{"id":"20325550","text":"Žarko Đurišić Žarko Đurišić (; born March 31, 1961), also credited as Zarko Durisic, is a Montenegrin-Slovenian basketball scout and former player and former coach who is currently the Director of international player personnel for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Đurišić started his basketball career playing with the youth teams of Budućnost. In 1978, at age of 17, he moved to Crvena zvezda of the Yugoslav Federal League. He played two seasons there, until 1980. Over 44 regular season games he averaged 2.5 point per game. In 1980, Đurišić moved to the United States to play","title":"Žarko Đurišić"},{"id":"9877359","text":"Minnesota Timberwolves all-time roster The Minnesota Timberwolves are a National Basketball Association (NBA) team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They are a member of the Northwest Division of the NBA's Western Conference. In order to persuade the NBA to give Minnesota a team, Marv Wolfenson and Harvey Ratner, the future owners of the organization, conducted a \"name the team\" contest and eventually selected two finalists, the \"Timberwolves\" and the \"Polars\", in December 1986. The team then asked the 842 city councils in Minnesota to select the winner, as the \"Timberwolves\" prevailed. Minnesota was given a team, and took part in the","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves all-time roster"},{"id":"12714661","text":"Jim Stack Jim Stack is an American basketball executive and former player. He served as general manager of the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves from July 9, 2004 to September 26, 2009. Prior to joining the Timberwolves' organization, Stack worked as a scout and executive for the Chicago Bulls, an assistant coach for the Indiana Pacers and an advance scout for the New York Knicks. Stack attended St. Laurence High School in Burbank, Illinois. He was a member of the school's basketball team, the Vikings, which won or tied for the Chicago Catholic League championship for four consecutive years from 1975 to","title":"Jim Stack"},{"id":"803599","text":"in eight consecutive seasons from 1997 to 2004. Despite losing in the first round in their first seven attempts, the Timberwolves won their first division championship in 2004 and advanced to the Western Conference Finals that same season. Garnett was also named the NBA Most Valuable Player for that season. The team had been in rebuilding mode for more than a decade after missing the postseason in 2005, and trading Garnett to the Boston Celtics in 2007. Garnett returned to the Timberwolves in a February 2015 trade and finished his career there, retiring in the 2016 offseason. NBA basketball returned","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"803606","text":"positive effect on the entire team, as Garnett and Gugliotta became the first Wolves to be selected to the All-Star team. Gugliotta and Garnett led the Timberwolves in scoring as the team made the playoffs for the first time in franchise history with a record of 40–42. However, in the playoffs the Timberwolves made a quick exit as they were swept by the Houston Rockets in three straight games. The T-Wolves also decided to change their image by changing their team logo and color scheme, adding black to the team colors and replacing the original logo with one featuring a","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"4380597","text":"Glen Taylor Glen A. Taylor (born April 20, 1941) is an American billionaire businessman who is the majority owner of the Minnesota Timberwolves NBA basketball team, owner of the Minnesota Lynx WNBA basketball team, owner of the \"Star Tribune\", and a former member of the Minnesota Senate. Taylor was born in Springfield, Minnesota, and grew up on a farm in Comfrey, Minnesota. He graduated from Comfrey High School in 1959, and received a bachelor of science in mathematics, physics and social studies from Minnesota State University, Mankato, in 1962. In 1978 he received an executive MBA from Harvard Business School.","title":"Glen Taylor"},{"id":"7194265","text":"CBA, on August 23, 1988, Musselman was hired as the head coach of the expansion Minnesota Timberwolves. With a roster \"full of vagabonds, long shots and characters,\" according to the Minneapolis \"Star Tribune\", Musselman's Wolves posted a 22-60 record in 1989-90, their first season, and 29-53 the following season. Musselman was fired on April 22, 1991, a day after the 1990-91 season ended. But the 29 wins under Musselman were a high-water mark for the T-wolves, who failed to top 29 wins until 1996-97. Musselman's expansion team won more games than any of the four expansion teams and more in","title":"Bill Musselman"},{"id":"7479773","text":"9, 2015, West was announced as the men's basketball head coach at Penn State Altoona. On May 20, 2016, West was announced as the boys basketball coach at his alma mater, Altoona Area High School. Doug West Jeffery Douglas West (born May 27, 1967) is a retired American professional basketball player. A 6'6\" (198 cm) shooting guard/small forward from Villanova University, West was selected by the Minnesota Timberwolves in the second round of the 1989 NBA Draft. An athletic, well-rounded player who could score as well as defend, West was an \"original\" Timberwolf, being drafted by the team in its","title":"Doug West"},{"id":"14335083","text":"2018, Johnson-Odom signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves. This came after it was announced that an Italian anti-doping court suspended him for eight months after he tested positive to a THC test on May 6, 2018. On October 13, 2018, he was waived by the Timberwolves. Johnson-Odom was added to the Iowa Wolves opening night roster. Darius Johnson-Odom Darius Earvin Johnson-Odom (born September 28, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for the Iowa Wolves of the NBA G League. In 2009, he transferred to Marquette University from Hutchinson Community College. As a senior, Johnson-Odom was named first-team All-Big East. Johnson-Odom","title":"Darius Johnson-Odom"},{"id":"803627","text":"over. McHale also relinquished his vice president of basketball operations duties. It was unclear whether McHale's future with the team was dependent on the success or progress of the team which he had put together over the previous four years. Those questions seemed to be answered when the Timberwolves went 10–4 for the month of January, giving McHale the coach of the month honors. But on February 8, 2009, the team's main star Al Jefferson tore his ACL in his right knee in a game at New Orleans, sidelining him for the rest of the season. At the time of","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"803620","text":"signed free agent Nikoloz Tskitishvili. On January 26, 2006, the Wolves traded forward Wally Szczerbiak, centers Dwayne Jones and Michael Olowokandi, and a future first-round draft pick to the Boston Celtics. In return, they received forward-guard Ricky Davis, center Mark Blount, forward Justin Reed, guard Marcus Banks, and two second-round draft picks. In a separate trade on the same day, the Timberwolves traded Tskitishvili to the Phoenix Suns for a 2006 second-round draft pick. The Timberwolves finished 33–49, missing the playoffs for the second consecutive year. In the 2006 NBA draft, the Timberwolves selected future NBA Rookie of the Year","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"803631","text":"and came to an end with a six-point, 12-rebound performance in a 100–77 loss to the Golden State Warriors on March 13. In October 2011, Love was ranked 16th among active players by ESPN. On February 21, 2011, Corey Brewer and Kosta Koufos were traded to the New York Knicks and Denver Nuggets respectively for Knicks Anthony Randolph and Eddy Curry (plus $3 million in cash from New York and a 2015 second-round draft pick from Denver) as part of a larger trade that sent all-star Carmelo Anthony from Denver to New York. On the downside, with a 121–102 loss","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"4774421","text":"13th head coach of the Phoenix Suns, succeeding Mike D'Antoni. On February 16, 2009, the Suns fired him after 51 games, and replaced him with assistant Alvin Gentry. The Suns had a 28-23 record, ninth in the Western Conference, with Porter. On December 6, 2011, he was hired as an assistant coach by the Minnesota Timberwolves under Rick Adelman. On January 8, 2013, the Timberwolves announced that Porter would be acting head coach while Adelman was not with the team due to family issues. On April 2, 2016, it was announced that Porter was hired as the head men's basketball","title":"Terry Porter"},{"id":"803610","text":"pick in the 1999 draft (which turned out to be the sixth pick). The Wolves made the playoffs for the third straight season by finishing in fourth place with a 25–25 record. In the playoffs, the Timberwolves were beaten by the eventual champion San Antonio Spurs in four games. In 1999, the Timberwolves drafted Wally Szczerbiak with the sixth pick in the draft. He had a solid season, finishing third on the team in scoring with 11.6 points per game. Led by Kevin Garnett, who averaged 22.9 points per game and 11.8 rebounds per game, the Timberwolves had their first","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"18090413","text":"2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 26th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Timberwolves finished with the worst record in the league at 16–66 and missed the NBA Playoffs for the 11th straight year. Despite not making the playoffs, Andrew Wiggins won the NBA Rookie of the Year. Flip Saunders returned to the Timberwolves' head coach on his second stint. Saunders was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma in September 2015 and he died a month later on October 25, 2015 at the age of 60. He was replaced by former Timberwolves","title":"2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season"},{"id":"11869727","text":"Mario Chalmers, but his rights was soon traded to the Miami Heat, where he would win two championships. 2008–09 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2008–09 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 20th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team finished the season coached by Kevin McHale. After the season, McHale was dismissed though he would return as head coach for the Houston Rockets for the shortened 2011–12 season and would later guide the Rockets to the Western Conference Finals in 2015. The Timberwolves drafted O. J. Mayo with the third pick in the first round of the","title":"2008–09 Minnesota Timberwolves season"},{"id":"6666845","text":"Rob Babcock Rob Babcock (born in Phoenix, Arizona) is the former Vice President of Basketball Operations with the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA. He is also the former general manager of the Toronto Raptors. Babcock earned his master's degree in secondary education and psychology from Arizona State University in 1977. He received an undergraduate degree in 1974 from Grand Canyon University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in education and social studies. He then taught briefly at Paradise Valley High School in Phoenix, where he also coached the freshman basketball team. Babcock was head coach at Phoenix College, where his","title":"Rob Babcock"},{"id":"803636","text":"deal was announced on July 31. With the inclusion of Roy in the shooting guard position, players that also signed during the offseason included Andrei Kirilenko, Alexey Shved and Louis Amundson. While technically in playoff contention early, multiple injuries began to plague the team. Roy, Budinger, Lee and free agent signing Josh Howard succumbed to knee injuries. The mood of despair was shortly lifted by the splashy return of Rubio. But not long after, Love, who missed the first nine games of the season after fracturing the third and fourth metacarpals in his right hand in a preseason home workout,","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"803650","text":"sleeved jerseys. On April 11, 2017, the team unveiled a new logo to coincide with the massive roster turnaround of the past few years. The Timberwolves revealed four new uniforms for the 2017-18 season as a part of a Nike-sponsored, league-wide initiative to redesign team uniforms. All four uniforms used \"Wolves\" for the team name and included the Nike Swoosh and Fitbit logos. The Association Edition uniform, revealed on August 10th, 2017, consisted of a white uniform with navy and blue stripes and lettering. The Icon Edition uniform, which was revealed alongside its Association counterpart, has a navy body with","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"3325879","text":"a 2009 first round draft pick and cash consideration in exchange for Ron Artest (now Metta World Peace). The trade was completed on August 14, due to Greene's rookie contract signing on July 14. Bobby Jackson retired on October 24, 2009. He later became an assistant coach for the Sacramento Kings. On June 5, 2013, new Kings coach Michael Malone announced that the 2012–13 assistant coaches would not be retained for the 2013–14 season. On September 9, 2013, Jackson was hired by the Minnesota Timberwolves as a player development coach. On June 5, 2018, new Kings coach Dave Joerger announced","title":"Bobby Jackson (basketball)"},{"id":"18022183","text":"Saunders was born, his father Flip Saunders was an assistant coach at the University of Minnesota. Ryan Saunders grew up in Wisconsin and South Dakota, as Flip later worked as head coach for CBA teams in those states, the Rapid City Thrillers (1988–1989), La Crosse Catbirds (1989–1994), and Sioux Falls Skyforce (1994–1995). In 1995, the Saunders family returned to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area, as Flip Saunders became head coach of the Minnesota Timberwolves, a position he would maintain for the rest of Ryan's childhood. Saunders has taken part in multiple basketball camps for the youth and charitable organizations in Minnesota.","title":"Ryan Saunders"},{"id":"803624","text":"Gators. Minnesota began the NBA preseason with two games in London and Istanbul, as part of NBA Europe Live 2007. On October 10, The Wolves lost to Garnett and the revamped Celtics, 92–81. To start the season, the Wolves began 0–5 before ending the drought with a home win over Sacramento. That drought also brought about speculation of the possible dismissal of coach Wittman. The youngest team in the NBA began adjusting to life after trading franchise star Garnett to Boston, meanwhile playing without budding talent Randy Foye for the first half of the season. Guards Sebastian Telfair and Marko","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"503583","text":"in the Western Women's Hockey League before going independent in 2010 when that league folded. The Whitecaps will play their home games at TRIA Rink, a 1,200-seat hockey arena and practice facility in downtown Saint Paul. The team will play in the NWHL in 2018. The Timberwolves, Twins, Vikings, and Lynx all play in Minneapolis. Saint Paul has a variation of the strong mayor-council form of government. The mayor is the chief executive and chief administrative officer for the city and the seven-member city council is the legislative body. The mayor is elected by the entire city, while members of","title":"Saint Paul, Minnesota"},{"id":"6271143","text":"their assistant coach Kenny Natt would lead the team in the interim period. Theus was an assistant coach with the Minnesota Timberwolves under head coach Kurt Rambis from 2009 to 2011. In April 2010 Theus was interviewed by DePaul University for its head coaching position. He became the head coach of the Los Angeles D-Fenders of the NBA D-League in October 2012. Theus was named the head coach of California State University Northridge in 2013. In his first season with the Matadors he led them to a 17-18 record, but managed to reach the Big West Conference Finals where they","title":"Reggie Theus"},{"id":"18090414","text":"player and former NBA Coach of the Year, Sam Mitchell for the following season. Kevin Garnett returned to the team for the first time since he left Minnesota in the offseason trade to the Boston Celtics. Andrew Wiggins won the 2015 NBA Rookie of the Year Award. 2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 26th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Timberwolves finished with the worst record in the league at 16–66 and missed the NBA Playoffs for the 11th straight year. Despite not making the playoffs, Andrew Wiggins won the","title":"2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season"},{"id":"16544205","text":"Jackson, and Dean Garrett from the Denver Nuggets in a three-team trade during the offseason. The team also signed free agent Joe Smith as their starting power forward. In a three-team midseason trade, the Timberwolves dealt Marbury along with Chris Carr to the New Jersey Nets, and acquired Terrell Brandon from the Milwaukee Bucks, while signing free agent Dennis Scott. The Timberwolves got off to a fast start winning eight of their first ten games, but played below .500 for most of the remaining season. They finished fourth in the Midwest Division with a 25–25 record, and made their third","title":"1998–99 Minnesota Timberwolves season"},{"id":"7169484","text":"Jack McCloskey John William McCloskey (September 19, 1925 – June 1, 2017) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. He served as the head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers and general manager of the Detroit Pistons and Minnesota Timberwolves. As general manager of the Pistons, McCloskey assembled the team that would become known as the \"Bad Boys\" that won NBA championships in 1989 and 1990. McCloskey was born in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania on September 19, 1925 to Buelah and Eddie McCloskey. After high school, he attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played football. He left school to","title":"Jack McCloskey"},{"id":"20177074","text":"round pick if their lottery protected pick wasn't acquired by 2016. Exiting draft night, however, they traded away their #7 pick, which was the Finnish center/power forward Lauri Markkanen from University of Arizona, alongside last year's top selection (Kris Dunn) and Zach LaVine to the Chicago Bulls in exchange for All-Star shooting guard/small forward Jimmy Butler and the Bulls' own first round selection, which was #16 pick Justin Patton, a redshirt freshman center from Creighton University for the purpose of ending their 13 year long playoff drought. 2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 29th season","title":"2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season"},{"id":"271666","text":"officially named the head coach on January 3, 2011, after signing a three-year contract. On January 17, Brett Favre retired for the third, and officially last, time, leaving the team in search for a long term replacement at the quarterback position. Wasting no time after being appointed head coach, Frazier began to restructure the team's coaching staff, including letting go of offensive coordinator Darrell Bevell and hiring Mike Singletary as linebackers coach and Bill Musgrave as the new offensive coordinator. Their first round draft pick was Christian Ponder, a quarterback from Florida State University. The team finished with a 3–13","title":"Minnesota Vikings"},{"id":"4380601","text":"2014, he purchased the \"Star Tribune\" for about $100 million. Glen Taylor Glen A. Taylor (born April 20, 1941) is an American billionaire businessman who is the majority owner of the Minnesota Timberwolves NBA basketball team, owner of the Minnesota Lynx WNBA basketball team, owner of the \"Star Tribune\", and a former member of the Minnesota Senate. Taylor was born in Springfield, Minnesota, and grew up on a farm in Comfrey, Minnesota. He graduated from Comfrey High School in 1959, and received a bachelor of science in mathematics, physics and social studies from Minnesota State University, Mankato, in 1962. In","title":"Glen Taylor"},{"id":"20468431","text":"and Mike Snyder as offensive quality control coaches, Shane Toub as an offensive assistant, and Bill Shuey as defensive quality control coach. Childress was the head coach of the Minnesota Vikings before joining the Chiefs in 2013, and served as their co-offensive coordinator alongside Nagy in 2016. He had intended to retire after 2017, but elected to rejoin Nagy in Chicago. A former center, Raiola was on the Bears' practice squad in 2009 and worked with Hiestand in Chicago before following him to Notre Dame as a graduate assistant for two years. Ginn was Nagy's wide receiver at Delaware before","title":"2018 Chicago Bears season"},{"id":"20856886","text":"the general manager of the Iowa Wolves and professional scout of the Minnesota Timberwolves. On August 22, 2018, the Memphis Hustle hired Jones as their second head coach. Brad Jones (basketball) Brad Jones (born c. 1969) is an American basketball coach. In 2018, he was named the head coach of the Memphis Hustle of the NBA G League. After graduating, he went on to play basketball at Lambuth University, where he was a part of the championship teams. In 1995, after serving as an assistant coach he became the head coach at Lambuth University until 2001. In 2001, the NBA","title":"Brad Jones (basketball)"},{"id":"20325554","text":"a Slovenian former tennis player. Žarko Đurišić Žarko Đurišić (; born March 31, 1961), also credited as Zarko Durisic, is a Montenegrin-Slovenian basketball scout and former player and former coach who is currently the Director of international player personnel for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Đurišić started his basketball career playing with the youth teams of Budućnost. In 1978, at age of 17, he moved to Crvena zvezda of the Yugoslav Federal League. He played two seasons there, until 1980. Over 44 regular season games he averaged 2.5 point per game. In 1980, Đurišić moved to","title":"Žarko Đurišić"},{"id":"6629136","text":"Fund, and the P. J. Fleck Scholarship Fund. Past camp instructors have included Fleck's former teammates and friends Ken Dorsey and Justin McCareins. In 2014, Fleck was inducted into the Hall of Fame of his high school, Kaneland High School in Maple Park, Illinois. Fleck credits Jim Tressel, Greg Schiano, and Jerry Kill–among others–with helping advance his coaching career. Notable head coaches under whom Fleck has served: P. J. Fleck Philip John Fleck (born November 29, 1980) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach for the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team. He is","title":"P. J. Fleck"},{"id":"5590155","text":"that Saunders would miss the next season. Saunders died on October 25, 2015 at the age of 60. On February 15, 2018, the Timberwolves held a \"Flip Saunders Night\" during which a permanent banner was unveiled in the Target Center honoring Saunders. Source: Flip Saunders Philip Daniel \"Flip\" Saunders (February 23, 1955 – October 25, 2015) was an American basketball player and coach. During his career, he coached the Minnesota Timberwolves, Detroit Pistons, and Washington Wizards. Saunders was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was an All-state basketball player at Cuyahoga Heights High School in suburban Cleveland. In his senior season,","title":"Flip Saunders"},{"id":"1792413","text":"Target Center Target Center is a multi-purpose arena located in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota. Target Center hosts major family shows, concerts, sporting events, graduations and private events. Target Corporation is the original and current naming rights partner of the arena. Seating over 20,000 for a concert, it contains 702 club seats and 68 suites. The arena is home to the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves and the WNBA's Minnesota Lynx. The facility has also hosted the LFL's Minnesota Valkyrie, the RHI's Minnesota Arctic Blast and the Arena Football League's Minnesota Fighting Pike in the past. Original Timberwolves owners Marv Wolfenson and Harvey Ratner","title":"Target Center"},{"id":"6629111","text":"P. J. Fleck Philip John Fleck (born November 29, 1980) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach for the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team. He is the former head coach of the Western Michigan Broncos football team. Fleck played as a wide receiver for Northern Illinois University from 1999 to 2003 and with the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) from 2004 to 2005. PJ Fleck started his playing career at Kaneland High School located in Maple Park, Illinois where he helped the Knights win back to back, undefeated state","title":"P. J. Fleck"},{"id":"803642","text":"NBA draft lottery. On May 19, the Timberwolves received the first overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft for the first time in franchise history. On June 25, the Timberwolves selected Karl-Anthony Towns as the number one pick and acquired Tyus Jones through a trade with the Cleveland Cavaliers. The 2015 season also saw the return of Kevin Garnett. In February, Garnett, at the time with the Brooklyn Nets, waived his no-trade clause to enable a trade back to Minnesota which sent Thaddeus Young to Brooklyn. In his first game back, Garnett resumed wearing the No. 21 jersey that had","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"7169490","text":"died on June 1, 2017. Jack McCloskey John William McCloskey (September 19, 1925 – June 1, 2017) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. He served as the head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers and general manager of the Detroit Pistons and Minnesota Timberwolves. As general manager of the Pistons, McCloskey assembled the team that would become known as the \"Bad Boys\" that won NBA championships in 1989 and 1990. McCloskey was born in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania on September 19, 1925 to Buelah and Eddie McCloskey. After high school, he attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played","title":"Jack McCloskey"},{"id":"4501364","text":"his 1,300th career game on February 21, 2009, joining Wilkens as the only coach to pass this milestone. Don Nelson defeated the Minnesota Timberwolves on April 7, 2010, achieving his 1,333rd career win. He passed Lenny Wilkens for first all-time on the list of the NBA's winningest coaches. Nelson married Joy Wolfgram at the Oakland Coliseum in June 1991. Nelson and his wife have a total of six children from prior marriages. He has another daughter born out of wedlock, whom he did not know about for 29 years. He has thirteen grandchildren, and his son Donnie Nelson is the","title":"Don Nelson"},{"id":"7874571","text":"selected in the 1989 expansion draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves for whom he averaged 23.2 points and 5.5 rebounds per game in their inaugural season. He held the Timberwolves' original all-time scoring record, scoring 4,888 points, before having his record later broken by Doug West. After his time with the Timberwolves, Campbell played for the New York Knicks, Dallas Mavericks and Cleveland Cavaliers before leaving the NBA in 1995. From 2007 to February 16, 2018, he was the Director of Athletics and head basketball coach at Bay Ridge Preparatory School in Brooklyn, New York. He has since left the school.","title":"Tony Campbell"},{"id":"803633","text":"38) and a future first-round pick. The Timberwolves traded Mirotic's rights to the Chicago Bulls for the rights to Norris Cole (No. 28) and Malcolm Lee (No. 43). The Timberwolves then sold the rights to Parsons back to the Rockets. The Timberwolves traded Norris Cole (No. 28) to the Miami Heat for the draft rights to Bojan Bogdanovic (No. 31), a future second-round pick and cash considerations. The Timberwolves then traded Bogdanovic's rights to the New Jersey Nets for a future second-rounder and cash. The Trail Blazers traded the draft rights to Tanguy Ngombo (No. 57) to the Timberwolves. On","title":"Minnesota Timberwolves"},{"id":"4048759","text":"as a free agent. On February 12, 2005, the Timberwolves fired Saunders and McHale took over as head coach for the rest of the 2004–05 season. He compiled a 19–12 record, but had no interest in continuing as head coach. Dwane Casey was hired as the new head coach in the off-season. With Minnesota sitting at .500 midway through the 2006–07 season, McHale fired Casey on January 23, 2007. Timberwolves' assistant coach Randy Wittman was tapped to succeed Casey. Despite missing the playoffs, on April 19, 2007, the Timberwolves announced that McHale and Wittman would return for the 2007–08 season.","title":"Kevin McHale (basketball)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"803618\",\n \"text\": \"Latrell Sprewell, Sam Cassell, and Troy Hudson. Coach Flip Saunders was replaced in mid-season by GM Kevin McHale, who took over the team for the rest of the season. The Timberwolves finished 44–38, and missed the playoffs for the first time in eight years, by one game, to the Memphis Grizzlies. During the 2005 offseason, McHale and the Wolves started their search for a head coach. McHale interviewed Seattle SuperSonics assistant coach Dwane Casey, San Antonio Spurs assistant P. J. Carlesimo, former coach John Lucas and Wolves assistants Randy Wittman, Sidney Lowe and Jerry Sichting, among others. On June 17,\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11888416\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Thibodeau Thomas Joseph Thibodeau Jr. ( ; born January 17, 1958) is an American basketball coach who is head coach and president of basketball operations of the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Since June 2013, he has served as an assistant coach for the USA Basketball Men's National Team. As a defensive coach, he helped the Houston Rockets rank among the Top 5 in the league in scoring defense and field goal percentage defense from 2004 to 2007, and he has helped his team finish in the league's Top 10 in team defense 15 times. He\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Thibodeau\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11888433\",\n \"text\": \"was in graduate school at Salem State, but called it off a month or two before the wedding. Tom Thibodeau Thomas Joseph Thibodeau Jr. ( ; born January 17, 1958) is an American basketball coach who is head coach and president of basketball operations of the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Since June 2013, he has served as an assistant coach for the USA Basketball Men's National Team. As a defensive coach, he helped the Houston Rockets rank among the Top 5 in the league in scoring defense and field goal percentage defense from 2004 to 2007,\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Thibodeau\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803645\",\n \"text\": \"season. The Timberwolves ended their season with a 31–51 record, having only a two-game improvement from their previous season. On June 22, 2017, the Timberwolves acquired Jimmy Butler and the 16th overall pick in the 2017 draft in trade for Zach Lavine, Kris Dunn and the 7th overall pick in the draft (used to select Lauri Markkanen). Later that night, the Timberwolves selected center Justin Patton with the 16th overall pick in the draft. Later, the team added Taj Gibson, Jeff Teague, Jamal Crawford and Derrick Rose during free agency. The Timberwolves ended their season with a 47–35 record, which\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803598\",\n \"text\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves The Minnesota Timberwolves (also commonly known as the Wolves) are an American professional basketball team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Timberwolves compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member club of the league's Western Conference Northwest Division. Founded in 1989, the team is owned by Glen Taylor who also owns the WNBA's Minnesota Lynx. The Timberwolves play their home games at Target Center, their home since 1990. Like most expansion teams, the Timberwolves struggled in their early years, but after the acquisition of Kevin Garnett in the 1995 NBA draft, the team qualified for the playoffs\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803619\",\n \"text\": \"2005, the Timberwolves hired Casey as the new head coach. It was Casey's first head coaching job, making him the Wolves' seventh head coach in their 16-year history. In the 2005 draft, the Timberwolves selected Rashad McCants, a shooting guard from North Carolina with the 14th overall pick of the first round. The Timberwolves also selected Bracey Wright, a guard from Indiana, with the 17th pick of the second round (47th overall). During the offseason, they traded All-Star Sam Cassell and a protected future first-round draft pick to the Los Angeles Clippers for Marko Jarić and Lionel Chalmers. They also\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803639\",\n \"text\": \"since the 2005 season, but missed the playoffs for the tenth consecutive year. On April 21, 2014, Rick Adelman announced his retirement from coaching in the NBA. Adelman acquired a 97–133 record in three seasons with the team. On August 23, 2014, the Timberwolves, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Philadelphia 76ers agreed on a three-way trade that would send Kevin Love to the Cavaliers to join LeBron James and Kyrie Irving. Minnesota received Andrew Wiggins, Anthony Bennett, Thaddeus Young, and a trade exception as part of the deal. The 76ers received Alexey Shved, Luc Mbah a Moute, and a 2015 first-round pick\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803621\",\n \"text\": \"Brandon Roy with the 6th overall pick, Craig Smith with the 36th pick, forward Bobby Jones with the 37th pick and center Loukas Mavrokefalidis with the 57th pick. The Timberwolves traded Roy to the Portland Trail Blazers for Randy Foye and cash considerations. The Timberwolves then traded Bobby Jones to the Philadelphia 76ers for a 2007 second-round pick and cash. On January 23, McHale fired head coach Casey and replaced him with Randy Wittman. McHale explained in a news conference that it was inconsistency by Casey that led to the firing. Casey had compiled an overall record of 53–69. They\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803646\",\n \"text\": \"became the first winning season since the 2004–05 season, and secured the last spot in the playoffs on the final day of the regular season with a 112–106 win over the Denver Nuggets. The 2017–18 season also ended the longest streak without a playoff appearance at 13 seasons. The Timberwolves would be eliminated in the first round of the playoffs by the Houston Rockets in five games. On November 12, 2018, the Timberwolves traded Butler and Justin Patton to the Philadelphia 76ers in exchange for Robert Covington, Dario Šarić, Jerryd Bayless and a 2022 second-round draft pick. In their inaugural\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11888428\",\n \"text\": \"loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the Eastern Conference Semifinals. Shortly thereafter, on May 28, 2015, the Bulls fired Thibodeau. On April 20, 2016, it was announced that the Minnesota Timberwolves had hired Thibodeau as head coach and president of basketball operations. The Timberwolves had spent the better part of a decade in the NBA wilderness, having not made the playoffs since 2004. In his second season, the Timberwolves had their first winning season since 2005, and made their first playoff appearance in 14 years. He has been called \\\"one of the best coaches in the NBA\\\", sometimes ranking among\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Thibodeau\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4918122\",\n \"text\": \"the job, but he wanted more than a two-year contract and more money than was offered, so he turned down the job. On August 8, 2009, Rambis was announced as the new head coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves, agreeing to a contract believed to be for 4 years and worth $8 million. Rambis succeeded Kevin McHale, infamous for taking him down in Game 4 of the 1984 NBA Finals. On July 12, 2011, Rambis was fired as coach of the Minnesota Timberwolves after compiling a 32–132 record in two seasons with the team. On July 29, 2013, the Lakers announced\",\n \"title\": \"Kurt Rambis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803644\",\n \"text\": \"honor of Saunders, the team announced that they would wear a patch reading \\\"FLIP\\\" on their uniforms for the duration of the 2015–16 season. On April 20, 2016, the Timberwolves agreed to sign Tom Thibodeau to be their head coach and president of basketball operations. He was previously an assistant coach for the team from 1989 to 1991. On September 23, 2016, Kevin Garnett announced his retirement after 21 seasons in the NBA. He expressed interest in playing one more year for the Timberwolves but felt that his knees would be unable to hold up for the duration of the\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20177072\",\n \"text\": \"2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 29th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They clinched their first winning season since 2005 with a win over the New York Knicks on March 23, 2018. On April 11, 2018, the Timberwolves clinched a playoff berth for the first time since 2004 with a win over the Denver Nuggets, ending what was the longest post-season drought in the NBA at the time, at 13 seasons to pass the Sacramento Kings to currently make the longest postseason NBA drought. The last time the Wolves made\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9203570\",\n \"text\": \"basketball operations and has the final say in basketball matters. Scott Layden Scott Layden (born 1959 in Brooklyn, New York) is the general manager of the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the son of former coach and general manager of the Jazz, Frank Layden, and a graduate of Saint Francis University in Loretto, Pennsylvania where he studied Business and Sports Management. He also held various coaching jobs for the Jazz during the 1980s and '90s when his father was the head coach for the team. in 1981-82 he worked as a talent scout/assistant coach; he\",\n \"title\": \"Scott Layden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19508606\",\n \"text\": \"drought in NBA history. 2016–17 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2016–17 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 28th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). On April 20, 2016, the Timberwolves hired Tom Thibodeau as their new head coach. On September 23, 2016, Kevin Garnett would officially retire from the NBA, thus ending his 21-year career in the process. On April 11, 2017, the Timberwolves would unveil a new logo and new uniforms to enter the next season. They improved their 29–53 output from the previous season, but missed the playoffs for the 13th consecutive season, tying the record\",\n \"title\": \"2016–17 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5896567\",\n \"text\": \"be replaced by former Chicago Bulls head coach Tom Thibodeau. On June 13, 2018, Mitchell was hired by the University of Memphis as assistant coach under Penny Hardaway. Mitchell lives in Atlanta, Georgia with his wife, Anita and their four daughters. Sam Mitchell (basketball) Samuel E. Mitchell Jr. (born September 2, 1963) is a former professional basketball player and coach who is currently head coach of the U.S. Virgin Islands national basketball team. He was most recently the interim head coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was also the head coach for the Toronto\",\n \"title\": \"Sam Mitchell (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803643\",\n \"text\": \"not been worn by any other Timberwolves player since his departure and the team defeated the Washington Wizards 97–77 at the Target Center. On June 6, 2014, Saunders was named the head coach of the Minnesota Timberwolves, returning to the franchise for a second stint. During his second stint with the Timberwolves, Saunders was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. As a result, during his recovery, he would delegate his coaching position over to assistant coach and former NBA Coach of the Year winner Sam Mitchell. On October 25, 2015, Saunders died at age 60. Mitchell took over as head coach. In\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803629\",\n \"text\": \"August, the Timberwolves announced the signing of Kurt Rambis, then an assistant for the Los Angeles Lakers, to a four-year, $8 million contract to be their new head coach. In Rambis's first season, the team stumbled to the second-worst record in the league, as their 15–67 record was only surpassed by that of the New Jersey Nets, who finished at 12–70. On July 12, 2010, Minnesota traded for Miami Heat forward Michael Beasley, the second pick from the 2008 NBA draft. In a locally untelevised game on November 12, 2010, Kevin Love grabbed a franchise-record 31 rebounds and scored 31\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19508605\",\n \"text\": \"2016–17 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2016–17 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 28th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). On April 20, 2016, the Timberwolves hired Tom Thibodeau as their new head coach. On September 23, 2016, Kevin Garnett would officially retire from the NBA, thus ending his 21-year career in the process. On April 11, 2017, the Timberwolves would unveil a new logo and new uniforms to enter the next season. They improved their 29–53 output from the previous season, but missed the playoffs for the 13th consecutive season, tying the record for the longest playoff\",\n \"title\": \"2016–17 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6780101\",\n \"text\": \"years, popular head coach and former Sonic player Nate McMillan signed a contract with a Northwest rival, the Portland Trail Blazers. A month earlier with the blessing of the Sonics organization, long-time assistant Dwayne Casey, a potential successor as head coach if McMillan were not to re-sign, agreed to be the coach of the Minnesota Timberwolves. Walker and then-GM Rick Sund eventually filled the vacancy with assistant Bob Weiss. Weiss was fired in January of the following season, after going only 13-17. Walker and Sund replaced Weiss with assistant Bob Hill, who coached the team to a 22-30 record. Walker\",\n \"title\": \"Wally Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9203553\",\n \"text\": \"Scott Layden Scott Layden (born 1959 in Brooklyn, New York) is the general manager of the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the son of former coach and general manager of the Jazz, Frank Layden, and a graduate of Saint Francis University in Loretto, Pennsylvania where he studied Business and Sports Management. He also held various coaching jobs for the Jazz during the 1980s and '90s when his father was the head coach for the team. in 1981-82 he worked as a talent scout/assistant coach; he was promoted to assistant coach prior to the 1982 season,\",\n \"title\": \"Scott Layden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803640\",\n \"text\": \"via the Miami Heat. The 2014–15 season marked a new era for the Timberwolves, beginning with the Kevin Love trade. Flip Saunders was promoted to head coach, making it his second stint with the Timberwolves after coaching the team from 1995 to 2005. The Timberwolves started the new season with a 105–101 loss to the Memphis Grizzlies, with Wiggins making his debut. The team recorded its first win the following game, a 97–91 victory over the Detroit Pistons. On November 12, 2014, the Timberwolves played an international home game at Mexico City Arena against the Houston Rockets. The Timberwolves had\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15986547\",\n \"text\": \"stopped, however, after Griffith hired coach Cheryl Reeve, and built a team around Seimone Augustus, Lindsay Whalen, and Maya Moore. The team won six Western Conference championships and four WNBA championships between 2011 and 2017. Griffith is married to the daughter of Lynx and Timberwolves owner Glen Taylor, and the two have two children. Roger Griffith Roger Griffith is an American basketball executive, and the current general manager and chief executive officer of the Minnesota Lynx. Griffith initially worked for the Lynx' sibling team, the Minnesota Timberwolves, as executive vice president and chief financial officer. Prior to that, he had\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Griffith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15986546\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Griffith Roger Griffith is an American basketball executive, and the current general manager and chief executive officer of the Minnesota Lynx. Griffith initially worked for the Lynx' sibling team, the Minnesota Timberwolves, as executive vice president and chief financial officer. Prior to that, he had worked for Timberwolves and Lynx owner Glen Taylor at Taymark. Griffith succeeded the Lynx's first coach and general manager, Brian Agler, in 2003. While his hiring was relatively uneventful, he eventually received some criticism from fans, especially during a long playoff drought during the first part of his tenure as general manager. These calls\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Griffith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5896558\",\n \"text\": \"Sam Mitchell (basketball) Samuel E. Mitchell Jr. (born September 2, 1963) is a former professional basketball player and coach who is currently head coach of the U.S. Virgin Islands national basketball team. He was most recently the interim head coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was also the head coach for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 2004 to 2008. Mitchell has also done analyst work for TSN and NBA TV as well as radio work for WHAL in Columbus and WZGC-FM \\\"92.9 The Game\\\" in Atlanta. He also currently\",\n \"title\": \"Sam Mitchell (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9785984\",\n \"text\": \"fired in January 2013, replaced by Bruce Wilson on an interim basis. The Minnesota Timberwolves were added as an affiliate for the 2013–14 season, while Nate Bjorkgren as the franchise's new head coach. Led by Othyus Jeffers, who was co-Most Valuable Player of the season along with Ron Howard, the Energy won its second Central Division title and fourth Division/Conference title overall, but fell to the Fort Wayne Mad Ants in the playoffs. Following the 2014 season, the Energy announced that they would be entering a hybrid single affiliation deal with the Memphis Grizzlies. The team's color scheme shifted towards\",\n \"title\": \"Iowa Wolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11869726\",\n \"text\": \"2008–09 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2008–09 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 20th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team finished the season coached by Kevin McHale. After the season, McHale was dismissed though he would return as head coach for the Houston Rockets for the shortened 2011–12 season and would later guide the Rockets to the Western Conference Finals in 2015. The Timberwolves drafted O. J. Mayo with the third pick in the first round of the 2008 draft. Soon, his rights were traded to the Memphis Grizzlies for Kevin Love. The team also drafted\",\n \"title\": \"2008–09 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803604\",\n \"text\": \"Rider won the Slam Dunk Contest with his between-the-leg \\\"East Bay Funk Dunk\\\". As winning basketball continued to elude the Wolves, Ratner and Wolfenson nearly sold the team to New Orleans interests in 1994 before NBA owners rejected the proposed move. Eventually, Glen Taylor bought the team and named Kevin McHale general manager. The Wolves finished 21–61 in 1994–95, and the future looked bleak. In the 1995 NBA draft, the Timberwolves selected high school standout Kevin Garnett in the first round (5th overall), and Flip Saunders was named head coach. Christian Laettner was traded along with Sean Rooks to the\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803628\",\n \"text\": \"the injury, Jefferson was having his best season to date, averaging 23 points, 11 rebounds and 2 blocks. Without Jefferson and Corey Brewer (who also suffered a season-ending injury), the Wolves sputtered, to finish with a 24–58 record. On June 17, 2009, new president of basketball operations David Kahn announced that McHale would not be returning to the team as head coach. Kahn did not give a specific reason for McHale's dismissal, only saying \\\"this is going to be a transition period.\\\" For his part, McHale said he wanted to come back but was not offered a contract. Later, in\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803653\",\n \"text\": \"flagship station since the team's inception, except for a brief two-year hiatus to KLCI BOB 106.1 FM for the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons. Alan Horton has been the team's radio play-by-play announcer since the 2007–08 season. The Timberwolves' games are broadcast on Fox Sports North. The broadcasters are Dave Benz and Jim Petersen. Minnesota Timberwolves The Minnesota Timberwolves (also commonly known as the Wolves) are an American professional basketball team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Timberwolves compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member club of the league's Western Conference Northwest Division. Founded in 1989, the team is\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803637\",\n \"text\": \"suffered a recurrence of the injury in a win over the Denver Nuggets on January 3. One of the few highlights in the second half of the season was Rubio's triple-double performance during a surprising win over the then-first place San Antonio Spurs, albeit without Spurs stars Tony Parker and Tim Duncan playing due to injury. On April 6, in a game against the Detroit Pistons, Adelman won his 1000th game as a head coach. This season marked the first time the franchise had won at least 30 games without Kevin Garnett on the roster. The team decided to part\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803634\",\n \"text\": \"July 12, 2011, Kurt Rambis was fired as coach of the team after compiling a 32–132 record in two seasons with the team. On September 13, 2011, the team announced that they had hired Rick Adelman to be the team's new head coach. The Timberwolves began the 2011–12 NBA season with a 17–17 record before the All-Star break. On March 9, 2012, Rubio tore his left ACL and LCL in a collision with Kobe Bryant. The injury ended his season and severely hurt the Timberwolves' chances of making the playoffs. Despite being in contention at mid-season, the team ultimately failed\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4835955\",\n \"text\": \"Lucas signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves. On January 7, 2017, he was waived by the Timberwolves after appearing in five games. On September 21, 2017, the Minnesota Timberwolves announced additions to their coaching staff for the 2017-18 season while Lucas was named as Player Development Coach. John Lucas III John Harding Lucas III (born November 21, 1982) is an American retired professional basketball player who currently serves as a player development coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association. He played college basketball for Baylor and Oklahoma State. Born in Washington, D.C. to former NBA player and coach\",\n \"title\": \"John Lucas III\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16041536\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Zipfel Patrick Zipfel (born October 15, 1967) is an American basketball coach and former college athletics director. He is currently an assistant coach and advance scout for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Zipfel worked as assistant coach/advance scout for the Chicago Bulls(NBA). In October 2015, Zipfel accepted an interim coaching position at Mansfield University, located in Mansfield, Pennsylvania to help restore the program. Zipfel earned a bachelor’s degree from Cabrini College in English/communications in 1989. Zipfel was an assistant men’s basketball coach at NCAA Division I The Citadel from 1989 to 1992. He was awarded\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Zipfel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803625\",\n \"text\": \"Jarić were deputized as starting point guards during Foye's injury absence. The Timberwolves finished the season 22–60. On a handful of occasions during the season, the team showed flashes of its potential in wins or very close contests with top-tier teams. In the 2008 NBA draft, the Timberwolves selected O. J. Mayo of USC with the third overall pick. When the draft concluded, the Timberwolves traded Mayo, Antoine Walker, Greg Buckner, and Marko Jarić to the Memphis Grizzlies in exchange for fifth overall pick Kevin Love, Mike Miller, Jason Collins, and Brian Cardinal in a move that Jim Stack called,\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18833795\",\n \"text\": \"2015–16 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2015–16 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 27th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Before the season, the Timberwolves announced that head coach and team president Flip Saunders will not coach the team this season as he continued his battle with cancer. Sam Mitchell was named interim head coach. On October 25, 2015, Saunders died and the Wolves announced that Mitchell as the interim coach for the rest of the season. Around the start of the season, the Timberwolves were the first team in NBA history with four players that were around\",\n \"title\": \"2015–16 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1792884\",\n \"text\": \"Minnesota Lynx The Minnesota Lynx are a professional basketball team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, playing in the Western Conference in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). The team won the WNBA title in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017. Founded prior to the 1999 season, the team is owned by Glen Taylor, who is also the majority owner of the Lynx' NBA counterpart, the Minnesota Timberwolves. The franchise has been home to many high-quality players such as Katie Smith, explosive small-forward Seimone Augustus, native Minnesotan Lindsay Whalen, Connecticut standout Maya Moore, forward Rebekkah Brunson, and center Sylvia Fowles. The Lynx have\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Lynx\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803638\",\n \"text\": \"ways with David Kahn after the season ended, with Flip Saunders being brought in to replace him. In the 2013 NBA draft, the team traded the 9th overall pick Trey Burke for Shabazz Muhammad (14th pick) and Gorgui Dieng (21st pick) in the first round from the Utah Jazz. On March 28, 2014, the Timberwolves set a franchise record for points in a regular season game with a 143–107 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. The win also marked the Timberwolves' first season-series win over the Lakers since the 2005–06 season. The team accumulated 40 wins for the first time\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803635\",\n \"text\": \"to reach the postseason for the eighth straight year due to injuries to a number of key players. The team finished with a record of 26–40, with the only win of the team's final 14 games coming against the Detroit Pistons. The team traded the 18th overall pick of the 2012 NBA draft to the Houston Rockets for Chase Budinger. On June 26, 2012, the Timberwolves selected Robbie Hummel with the 58th overall pick, the team's only selection during the draft. During the offseason, the team signed former Timberwolves draft pick Brandon Roy to a two-year, $10 million contract. The\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803626\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a deal we couldn’t pass up.\\\" In 2008, in celebration of the franchise's 20th anniversary, the team unveiled an updated version of its logo and uniforms. The new designs first appeared in the first preseason game against the Chicago Bulls at United Center on October 14, 2008. They also refurbished the floor at Target Center, returning to the traditional floor pattern and added touches of varnish while exposing most of the hardwood. On December 8, 2008, after a 23-point loss to the Los Angeles Clippers that dropped the team to 4–15, the Timberwolves fired head coach Wittman and McHale took\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9877361\",\n \"text\": \"Gugliotta was selected to the team in 1997 along with Kevin Garnett, who was selected from 1997–2007, while Wally Szczerbiak, 2002, and Sam Cassell, 2004, both made one appearance. Karl-Anthony Towns and Jimmy Butler were both selected for the 2018 All-Star game. Kevin Love is the only Timberwolf, other than Garnett, to make multiple All-Star games, appearing in the 2011, 2012, and 2014 games. Garnett holds a multitude of Minnesota's career records, including the most points, assists, rebounds, blocks, steals, field goals made, free throws, and minutes played in team history. Tony Campbell holds the career record for most points\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves all-time roster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14828053\",\n \"text\": \"On 12 November 2018, Šarić was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves, along with Jerryd Bayless, Robert Covington and a 2022 second-round pick, in exchange for Jimmy Butler and Justin Patton. He made his debut for the Timberwolves two days later, scoring nine points in 20 minutes off the bench in a 107–100 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. On 24 November, he had 19 points and 14 rebounds in a 111–96 win over the Chicago Bulls. While playing with Croatia's Under-16 national team, Šarić was named the Most Valuable Player of the 2010 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship in a unanimous\",\n \"title\": \"Dario Šarić\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16984849\",\n \"text\": \"the Atlanta Hawks 126–114. The 56 points surpassed Mo Williams' franchise record of 52 points set on January 13, 2015, against the Indiana Pacers. He also became the youngest player (22 years, 133 days) with 50 points and 15 rebounds in a game since Shaquille O'Neal (22 years, 45 days) on April 20, 1994 against the Timberwolves. In the Timberwolves' regular season finale on April 11, 2018, Towns had 26 points and 14 rebounds in a 112–106 overtime win over the Denver Nuggets. The win clinched Minnesota a spot in the playoffs for the first time since 2004—no team in\",\n \"title\": \"Karl-Anthony Towns\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20177073\",\n \"text\": \"the playoffs was during the Kevin Garnett era where he led them to the Conference Finals that year. They finished the regular season with 47–35, which clinched the 8th seed. In the playoffs, the Timberwolves faced the top-seeded Houston Rockets in the First Round, and lost in five games. Entering the draft, the Timberwolves only held one first round pick at #7; their second round pick was forced to be traded away to the Boston Celtics due to a previous trade involving the Phoenix Suns (and former New Orleans Hornets) allowing the Suns (later Celtics) to acquire their 2017 second\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803632\",\n \"text\": \"to the Houston Rockets, the Timberwolves fell to 17–65, finishing last in the Western Conference for the second straight year. They also clinched the 2010–11 NBA season's worst record. During the offseason, the Timberwolves were finally able to bring 2009 fifth overall pick Ricky Rubio over from Spain. In the 2011 NBA draft, with the second overall pick, the Timberwolves selected Derrick Williams of Arizona. The Timberwolves then traded guard Jonny Flynn and the draft rights to Donatas Motiejūnas (No. 20) to the Houston Rockets for center Brad Miller, the draft rights to Nikola Mirotić (No. 23), Chandler Parsons (No.\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9203569\",\n \"text\": \"an integral part of the New Jersey Nets 2002 eastern conference title, played in only 47 games for New York in just one season, averaging 16.4 points and 7.3 rebounds-per-game. The last notable transaction that Layden made as general manager came on October 9, when he signed Dikembe Mutombo to a 2-year contract. Scott Layden was fired on December 22, 2003 by New York Knicks owner James Dolan. On April 20, 2016, Layden was appointed as the general manager of the Minnesota Timberwolves. He serves in an advisory role to head coach Tom Thibodeau, who also serves as president of\",\n \"title\": \"Scott Layden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803605\",\n \"text\": \"Atlanta Hawks for Andrew Lang and Spud Webb. Also, first-round pick Donyell Marshall was traded the previous season for Golden State Warriors' forward Tom Gugliotta. These trades paved the way for rookie Kevin Garnett to become the go-to player inside. Garnett went on to average 10.4 ppg in his rookie season as the Wolves finished in 5th place in the Midwest Division, with a 26–56 record. In 1996, the Wolves added another star player in the draft, trading Ray Allen to the Milwaukee Bucks for the rights to Stephon Marbury, the 4th overall pick. The addition of Marbury had a\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803613\",\n \"text\": \"(2001, 2002, and 2004). The league also fined the Timberwolves $3.5 million and suspended general manager Kevin McHale for one year. Smith eventually signed with the Detroit Pistons before re-signing with the Timberwolves in 2001. Despite those setbacks, the Timberwolves made the playoffs for the fifth straight season with a 47–35 record. In the playoffs, the Timberwolves were eliminated in the first round again by the San Antonio Spurs in four games in the spring of 2001. With the arrival of newcomers Gary Trent, Loren Woods and Maurice Evans and the return of Joe Smith, the Timberwolves started the season\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8280272\",\n \"text\": \"was named Associate Head Coach. In January 2017, he announced he was stepping down as Associate Head Coach. He resides in Wayzata, MN with his wife Tika and son Sanjay, a basketball player at Northwestern University. Jim Petersen James Richard Petersen (born February 22, 1962) is a retired American basketball player, and a current television analyst with the Minnesota Timberwolves. From 2009-2017 he served as an assistant coach and later associate head coach for the Minnesota Lynx of the WNBA. He played as either a power forward or a center. Petersen, a St. Louis Park native, played high school basketball\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Petersen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19269169\",\n \"text\": \"head coach Kevin Wilson resigned his position. Indiana associate head coach Tom Allen was named Wilson's permanent successor. On January 3, 2017, the University of Minnesota announced they were relieving head coach Tracy Claeys of his duties. Three days later, Minnesota announced the hiring of Western Michigan coach P.J. Fleck to take over as head coach. \\\"Note: All records are through the completion of the 2016 season\\\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> \\\"Darrell Hazell was fired on Oct. 16, 2016 and Gerad Parker was named interim coach to finish the season. \\\" <nowiki>**</nowiki> \\\"Kevin Wilson resigned as head coach at Indiana on Dec. 1,\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Big Ten Conference football season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022181\",\n \"text\": \"Ryan Saunders Ryan Philip Saunders (born April 28, 1986) is an American basketball former player and coach. He is currently an assistant coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is known for his work in player development while with the Wizards staff. Born in Medina, Minnesota, Saunders graduated from Wayzata High School in Plymouth, Minnesota in 2004. A walk-on, Saunders played basketball at the University of Minnesota from 2004 to 2008 as a guard. He played only 20 games in his first two seasons in a backup role. Saunders redshirted the 2006–07 season due to\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Saunders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022184\",\n \"text\": \"Ryan Saunders Ryan Philip Saunders (born April 28, 1986) is an American basketball former player and coach. He is currently an assistant coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is known for his work in player development while with the Wizards staff. Born in Medina, Minnesota, Saunders graduated from Wayzata High School in Plymouth, Minnesota in 2004. A walk-on, Saunders played basketball at the University of Minnesota from 2004 to 2008 as a guard. He played only 20 games in his first two seasons in a backup role. Saunders redshirted the 2006–07 season due to\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Saunders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7326261\",\n \"text\": \"be an assistant coach for the Denver Nuggets. On October 2, 2016, he returned to the Timberwolves as an assistant coach. Ed Pinckney Edward Lewis Pinckney (born March 27, 1963) is a retired American basketball player currently working as an assistant coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He attended Villanova University and was a part of the Villanova Wildcats's 1981 heralded recruiting class that included Gary McLain, who was his roommate, and Dwayne McClain. A 6′9″ forward from The Bronx, New York, Pinckney led regional eight-seed Villanova Wildcats to the NCAA title over the heavily\",\n \"title\": \"Ed Pinckney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803616\",\n \"text\": \"the first round of the playoffs for the seventh straight year. In 2003, the Timberwolves made two strong off-season moves, trading away forward Joe Smith and injured guard Terrell Brandon in a multi-player deal for Ervin Johnson, Sam Cassell and embattled guard Latrell Sprewell. During the 2003–04 NBA season, the Timberwolves became the team to beat in the Western Conference. They finished the season as the top seed in the Western Conference with a record of 58–24, and beat the Denver Nuggets and Sacramento Kings in the first two rounds of the NBA playoffs. Kevin Garnett leapt upon the scorer's\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13516470\",\n \"text\": \"David Kahn (sports executive) David Kahn (born July 28, 1961) is an American sports executive, attorney, and former sportswriter. He is the former president of basketball operations for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association. Kahn was born to a Jewish family in Portland, Oregon with three siblings Robert Kahn, now living in Jerusalem, Steven Kahn, a personal injury Lawyer in Portland, and Sarah Kahn Glass. His father, Garry L. Kahn, was the founder of personal injury firm Kahn & Kahn which his brother now runs. He attended Woodrow Wilson High School in Portland, OR then college at UCLA,\",\n \"title\": \"David Kahn (sports executive)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8279280\",\n \"text\": \"with Baloncesto Sevilla as head coach, but by September 2014 the Liga ACB had not processed his coaching license in time for him to start the season with the team. Audie Norris assumed formal head coaching duties in Roth's place, until Roth's contract was terminated on January 22, 2015. On September 25, 2015, the Minnesota Timberwolves announced that Roth has been hired as a scout. On August 29, 2017 it was announced that Roth was appointed as the head coach of the Iowa Wolves of the NBA G League. Scott Roth Scott Edward Roth (born June 3, 1963) is a\",\n \"title\": \"Scott Roth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5326034\",\n \"text\": \"the Denver Nuggets. The following day, however, he was waived by the Hawks. On July 19, 2017, Crawford signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves. In his debut for the Timberwolves in their season opener on October 18, 2017, Crawford scored 10 points in a 107–99 loss to the San Antonio Spurs. Two days later, he scored all 17 of his points in the fourth quarter and hit a 3-pointer with 27.5 seconds to go to help the Timberwolves hold off the Utah Jazz 100–97 in their home opener. On December 18, 2017, he scored a season-high 23 points in 23 minutes,\",\n \"title\": \"Jamal Crawford\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20325550\",\n \"text\": \"Žarko Đurišić Žarko Đurišić (; born March 31, 1961), also credited as Zarko Durisic, is a Montenegrin-Slovenian basketball scout and former player and former coach who is currently the Director of international player personnel for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Đurišić started his basketball career playing with the youth teams of Budućnost. In 1978, at age of 17, he moved to Crvena zvezda of the Yugoslav Federal League. He played two seasons there, until 1980. Over 44 regular season games he averaged 2.5 point per game. In 1980, Đurišić moved to the United States to play\",\n \"title\": \"Žarko Đurišić\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9877359\",\n \"text\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves all-time roster The Minnesota Timberwolves are a National Basketball Association (NBA) team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They are a member of the Northwest Division of the NBA's Western Conference. In order to persuade the NBA to give Minnesota a team, Marv Wolfenson and Harvey Ratner, the future owners of the organization, conducted a \\\"name the team\\\" contest and eventually selected two finalists, the \\\"Timberwolves\\\" and the \\\"Polars\\\", in December 1986. The team then asked the 842 city councils in Minnesota to select the winner, as the \\\"Timberwolves\\\" prevailed. Minnesota was given a team, and took part in the\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves all-time roster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12714661\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Stack Jim Stack is an American basketball executive and former player. He served as general manager of the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves from July 9, 2004 to September 26, 2009. Prior to joining the Timberwolves' organization, Stack worked as a scout and executive for the Chicago Bulls, an assistant coach for the Indiana Pacers and an advance scout for the New York Knicks. Stack attended St. Laurence High School in Burbank, Illinois. He was a member of the school's basketball team, the Vikings, which won or tied for the Chicago Catholic League championship for four consecutive years from 1975 to\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Stack\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803599\",\n \"text\": \"in eight consecutive seasons from 1997 to 2004. Despite losing in the first round in their first seven attempts, the Timberwolves won their first division championship in 2004 and advanced to the Western Conference Finals that same season. Garnett was also named the NBA Most Valuable Player for that season. The team had been in rebuilding mode for more than a decade after missing the postseason in 2005, and trading Garnett to the Boston Celtics in 2007. Garnett returned to the Timberwolves in a February 2015 trade and finished his career there, retiring in the 2016 offseason. NBA basketball returned\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803606\",\n \"text\": \"positive effect on the entire team, as Garnett and Gugliotta became the first Wolves to be selected to the All-Star team. Gugliotta and Garnett led the Timberwolves in scoring as the team made the playoffs for the first time in franchise history with a record of 40–42. However, in the playoffs the Timberwolves made a quick exit as they were swept by the Houston Rockets in three straight games. The T-Wolves also decided to change their image by changing their team logo and color scheme, adding black to the team colors and replacing the original logo with one featuring a\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4380597\",\n \"text\": \"Glen Taylor Glen A. Taylor (born April 20, 1941) is an American billionaire businessman who is the majority owner of the Minnesota Timberwolves NBA basketball team, owner of the Minnesota Lynx WNBA basketball team, owner of the \\\"Star Tribune\\\", and a former member of the Minnesota Senate. Taylor was born in Springfield, Minnesota, and grew up on a farm in Comfrey, Minnesota. He graduated from Comfrey High School in 1959, and received a bachelor of science in mathematics, physics and social studies from Minnesota State University, Mankato, in 1962. In 1978 he received an executive MBA from Harvard Business School.\",\n \"title\": \"Glen Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7194265\",\n \"text\": \"CBA, on August 23, 1988, Musselman was hired as the head coach of the expansion Minnesota Timberwolves. With a roster \\\"full of vagabonds, long shots and characters,\\\" according to the Minneapolis \\\"Star Tribune\\\", Musselman's Wolves posted a 22-60 record in 1989-90, their first season, and 29-53 the following season. Musselman was fired on April 22, 1991, a day after the 1990-91 season ended. But the 29 wins under Musselman were a high-water mark for the T-wolves, who failed to top 29 wins until 1996-97. Musselman's expansion team won more games than any of the four expansion teams and more in\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Musselman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7479773\",\n \"text\": \"9, 2015, West was announced as the men's basketball head coach at Penn State Altoona. On May 20, 2016, West was announced as the boys basketball coach at his alma mater, Altoona Area High School. Doug West Jeffery Douglas West (born May 27, 1967) is a retired American professional basketball player. A 6'6\\\" (198 cm) shooting guard/small forward from Villanova University, West was selected by the Minnesota Timberwolves in the second round of the 1989 NBA Draft. An athletic, well-rounded player who could score as well as defend, West was an \\\"original\\\" Timberwolf, being drafted by the team in its\",\n \"title\": \"Doug West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14335083\",\n \"text\": \"2018, Johnson-Odom signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves. This came after it was announced that an Italian anti-doping court suspended him for eight months after he tested positive to a THC test on May 6, 2018. On October 13, 2018, he was waived by the Timberwolves. Johnson-Odom was added to the Iowa Wolves opening night roster. Darius Johnson-Odom Darius Earvin Johnson-Odom (born September 28, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for the Iowa Wolves of the NBA G League. In 2009, he transferred to Marquette University from Hutchinson Community College. As a senior, Johnson-Odom was named first-team All-Big East. Johnson-Odom\",\n \"title\": \"Darius Johnson-Odom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803627\",\n \"text\": \"over. McHale also relinquished his vice president of basketball operations duties. It was unclear whether McHale's future with the team was dependent on the success or progress of the team which he had put together over the previous four years. Those questions seemed to be answered when the Timberwolves went 10–4 for the month of January, giving McHale the coach of the month honors. But on February 8, 2009, the team's main star Al Jefferson tore his ACL in his right knee in a game at New Orleans, sidelining him for the rest of the season. At the time of\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803620\",\n \"text\": \"signed free agent Nikoloz Tskitishvili. On January 26, 2006, the Wolves traded forward Wally Szczerbiak, centers Dwayne Jones and Michael Olowokandi, and a future first-round draft pick to the Boston Celtics. In return, they received forward-guard Ricky Davis, center Mark Blount, forward Justin Reed, guard Marcus Banks, and two second-round draft picks. In a separate trade on the same day, the Timberwolves traded Tskitishvili to the Phoenix Suns for a 2006 second-round draft pick. The Timberwolves finished 33–49, missing the playoffs for the second consecutive year. In the 2006 NBA draft, the Timberwolves selected future NBA Rookie of the Year\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803631\",\n \"text\": \"and came to an end with a six-point, 12-rebound performance in a 100–77 loss to the Golden State Warriors on March 13. In October 2011, Love was ranked 16th among active players by ESPN. On February 21, 2011, Corey Brewer and Kosta Koufos were traded to the New York Knicks and Denver Nuggets respectively for Knicks Anthony Randolph and Eddy Curry (plus $3 million in cash from New York and a 2015 second-round draft pick from Denver) as part of a larger trade that sent all-star Carmelo Anthony from Denver to New York. On the downside, with a 121–102 loss\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4774421\",\n \"text\": \"13th head coach of the Phoenix Suns, succeeding Mike D'Antoni. On February 16, 2009, the Suns fired him after 51 games, and replaced him with assistant Alvin Gentry. The Suns had a 28-23 record, ninth in the Western Conference, with Porter. On December 6, 2011, he was hired as an assistant coach by the Minnesota Timberwolves under Rick Adelman. On January 8, 2013, the Timberwolves announced that Porter would be acting head coach while Adelman was not with the team due to family issues. On April 2, 2016, it was announced that Porter was hired as the head men's basketball\",\n \"title\": \"Terry Porter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803610\",\n \"text\": \"pick in the 1999 draft (which turned out to be the sixth pick). The Wolves made the playoffs for the third straight season by finishing in fourth place with a 25–25 record. In the playoffs, the Timberwolves were beaten by the eventual champion San Antonio Spurs in four games. In 1999, the Timberwolves drafted Wally Szczerbiak with the sixth pick in the draft. He had a solid season, finishing third on the team in scoring with 11.6 points per game. Led by Kevin Garnett, who averaged 22.9 points per game and 11.8 rebounds per game, the Timberwolves had their first\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18090413\",\n \"text\": \"2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 26th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Timberwolves finished with the worst record in the league at 16–66 and missed the NBA Playoffs for the 11th straight year. Despite not making the playoffs, Andrew Wiggins won the NBA Rookie of the Year. Flip Saunders returned to the Timberwolves' head coach on his second stint. Saunders was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma in September 2015 and he died a month later on October 25, 2015 at the age of 60. He was replaced by former Timberwolves\",\n \"title\": \"2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11869727\",\n \"text\": \"Mario Chalmers, but his rights was soon traded to the Miami Heat, where he would win two championships. 2008–09 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2008–09 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 20th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team finished the season coached by Kevin McHale. After the season, McHale was dismissed though he would return as head coach for the Houston Rockets for the shortened 2011–12 season and would later guide the Rockets to the Western Conference Finals in 2015. The Timberwolves drafted O. J. Mayo with the third pick in the first round of the\",\n \"title\": \"2008–09 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6666845\",\n \"text\": \"Rob Babcock Rob Babcock (born in Phoenix, Arizona) is the former Vice President of Basketball Operations with the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA. He is also the former general manager of the Toronto Raptors. Babcock earned his master's degree in secondary education and psychology from Arizona State University in 1977. He received an undergraduate degree in 1974 from Grand Canyon University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in education and social studies. He then taught briefly at Paradise Valley High School in Phoenix, where he also coached the freshman basketball team. Babcock was head coach at Phoenix College, where his\",\n \"title\": \"Rob Babcock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803636\",\n \"text\": \"deal was announced on July 31. With the inclusion of Roy in the shooting guard position, players that also signed during the offseason included Andrei Kirilenko, Alexey Shved and Louis Amundson. While technically in playoff contention early, multiple injuries began to plague the team. Roy, Budinger, Lee and free agent signing Josh Howard succumbed to knee injuries. The mood of despair was shortly lifted by the splashy return of Rubio. But not long after, Love, who missed the first nine games of the season after fracturing the third and fourth metacarpals in his right hand in a preseason home workout,\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803650\",\n \"text\": \"sleeved jerseys. On April 11, 2017, the team unveiled a new logo to coincide with the massive roster turnaround of the past few years. The Timberwolves revealed four new uniforms for the 2017-18 season as a part of a Nike-sponsored, league-wide initiative to redesign team uniforms. All four uniforms used \\\"Wolves\\\" for the team name and included the Nike Swoosh and Fitbit logos. The Association Edition uniform, revealed on August 10th, 2017, consisted of a white uniform with navy and blue stripes and lettering. The Icon Edition uniform, which was revealed alongside its Association counterpart, has a navy body with\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3325879\",\n \"text\": \"a 2009 first round draft pick and cash consideration in exchange for Ron Artest (now Metta World Peace). The trade was completed on August 14, due to Greene's rookie contract signing on July 14. Bobby Jackson retired on October 24, 2009. He later became an assistant coach for the Sacramento Kings. On June 5, 2013, new Kings coach Michael Malone announced that the 2012–13 assistant coaches would not be retained for the 2013–14 season. On September 9, 2013, Jackson was hired by the Minnesota Timberwolves as a player development coach. On June 5, 2018, new Kings coach Dave Joerger announced\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Jackson (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022183\",\n \"text\": \"Saunders was born, his father Flip Saunders was an assistant coach at the University of Minnesota. Ryan Saunders grew up in Wisconsin and South Dakota, as Flip later worked as head coach for CBA teams in those states, the Rapid City Thrillers (1988–1989), La Crosse Catbirds (1989–1994), and Sioux Falls Skyforce (1994–1995). In 1995, the Saunders family returned to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area, as Flip Saunders became head coach of the Minnesota Timberwolves, a position he would maintain for the rest of Ryan's childhood. Saunders has taken part in multiple basketball camps for the youth and charitable organizations in Minnesota.\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Saunders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803624\",\n \"text\": \"Gators. Minnesota began the NBA preseason with two games in London and Istanbul, as part of NBA Europe Live 2007. On October 10, The Wolves lost to Garnett and the revamped Celtics, 92–81. To start the season, the Wolves began 0–5 before ending the drought with a home win over Sacramento. That drought also brought about speculation of the possible dismissal of coach Wittman. The youngest team in the NBA began adjusting to life after trading franchise star Garnett to Boston, meanwhile playing without budding talent Randy Foye for the first half of the season. Guards Sebastian Telfair and Marko\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"503583\",\n \"text\": \"in the Western Women's Hockey League before going independent in 2010 when that league folded. The Whitecaps will play their home games at TRIA Rink, a 1,200-seat hockey arena and practice facility in downtown Saint Paul. The team will play in the NWHL in 2018. The Timberwolves, Twins, Vikings, and Lynx all play in Minneapolis. Saint Paul has a variation of the strong mayor-council form of government. The mayor is the chief executive and chief administrative officer for the city and the seven-member city council is the legislative body. The mayor is elected by the entire city, while members of\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Paul, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6271143\",\n \"text\": \"their assistant coach Kenny Natt would lead the team in the interim period. Theus was an assistant coach with the Minnesota Timberwolves under head coach Kurt Rambis from 2009 to 2011. In April 2010 Theus was interviewed by DePaul University for its head coaching position. He became the head coach of the Los Angeles D-Fenders of the NBA D-League in October 2012. Theus was named the head coach of California State University Northridge in 2013. In his first season with the Matadors he led them to a 17-18 record, but managed to reach the Big West Conference Finals where they\",\n \"title\": \"Reggie Theus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18090414\",\n \"text\": \"player and former NBA Coach of the Year, Sam Mitchell for the following season. Kevin Garnett returned to the team for the first time since he left Minnesota in the offseason trade to the Boston Celtics. Andrew Wiggins won the 2015 NBA Rookie of the Year Award. 2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 26th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Timberwolves finished with the worst record in the league at 16–66 and missed the NBA Playoffs for the 11th straight year. Despite not making the playoffs, Andrew Wiggins won the\",\n \"title\": \"2014–15 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16544205\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson, and Dean Garrett from the Denver Nuggets in a three-team trade during the offseason. The team also signed free agent Joe Smith as their starting power forward. In a three-team midseason trade, the Timberwolves dealt Marbury along with Chris Carr to the New Jersey Nets, and acquired Terrell Brandon from the Milwaukee Bucks, while signing free agent Dennis Scott. The Timberwolves got off to a fast start winning eight of their first ten games, but played below .500 for most of the remaining season. They finished fourth in the Midwest Division with a 25–25 record, and made their third\",\n \"title\": \"1998–99 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7169484\",\n \"text\": \"Jack McCloskey John William McCloskey (September 19, 1925 – June 1, 2017) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. He served as the head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers and general manager of the Detroit Pistons and Minnesota Timberwolves. As general manager of the Pistons, McCloskey assembled the team that would become known as the \\\"Bad Boys\\\" that won NBA championships in 1989 and 1990. McCloskey was born in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania on September 19, 1925 to Buelah and Eddie McCloskey. After high school, he attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played football. He left school to\",\n \"title\": \"Jack McCloskey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20177074\",\n \"text\": \"round pick if their lottery protected pick wasn't acquired by 2016. Exiting draft night, however, they traded away their #7 pick, which was the Finnish center/power forward Lauri Markkanen from University of Arizona, alongside last year's top selection (Kris Dunn) and Zach LaVine to the Chicago Bulls in exchange for All-Star shooting guard/small forward Jimmy Butler and the Bulls' own first round selection, which was #16 pick Justin Patton, a redshirt freshman center from Creighton University for the purpose of ending their 13 year long playoff drought. 2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 29th season\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Minnesota Timberwolves season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"271666\",\n \"text\": \"officially named the head coach on January 3, 2011, after signing a three-year contract. On January 17, Brett Favre retired for the third, and officially last, time, leaving the team in search for a long term replacement at the quarterback position. Wasting no time after being appointed head coach, Frazier began to restructure the team's coaching staff, including letting go of offensive coordinator Darrell Bevell and hiring Mike Singletary as linebackers coach and Bill Musgrave as the new offensive coordinator. Their first round draft pick was Christian Ponder, a quarterback from Florida State University. The team finished with a 3–13\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4380601\",\n \"text\": \"2014, he purchased the \\\"Star Tribune\\\" for about $100 million. Glen Taylor Glen A. Taylor (born April 20, 1941) is an American billionaire businessman who is the majority owner of the Minnesota Timberwolves NBA basketball team, owner of the Minnesota Lynx WNBA basketball team, owner of the \\\"Star Tribune\\\", and a former member of the Minnesota Senate. Taylor was born in Springfield, Minnesota, and grew up on a farm in Comfrey, Minnesota. He graduated from Comfrey High School in 1959, and received a bachelor of science in mathematics, physics and social studies from Minnesota State University, Mankato, in 1962. In\",\n \"title\": \"Glen Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20468431\",\n \"text\": \"and Mike Snyder as offensive quality control coaches, Shane Toub as an offensive assistant, and Bill Shuey as defensive quality control coach. Childress was the head coach of the Minnesota Vikings before joining the Chiefs in 2013, and served as their co-offensive coordinator alongside Nagy in 2016. He had intended to retire after 2017, but elected to rejoin Nagy in Chicago. A former center, Raiola was on the Bears' practice squad in 2009 and worked with Hiestand in Chicago before following him to Notre Dame as a graduate assistant for two years. Ginn was Nagy's wide receiver at Delaware before\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Chicago Bears season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20856886\",\n \"text\": \"the general manager of the Iowa Wolves and professional scout of the Minnesota Timberwolves. On August 22, 2018, the Memphis Hustle hired Jones as their second head coach. Brad Jones (basketball) Brad Jones (born c. 1969) is an American basketball coach. In 2018, he was named the head coach of the Memphis Hustle of the NBA G League. After graduating, he went on to play basketball at Lambuth University, where he was a part of the championship teams. In 1995, after serving as an assistant coach he became the head coach at Lambuth University until 2001. In 2001, the NBA\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Jones (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20325554\",\n \"text\": \"a Slovenian former tennis player. Žarko Đurišić Žarko Đurišić (; born March 31, 1961), also credited as Zarko Durisic, is a Montenegrin-Slovenian basketball scout and former player and former coach who is currently the Director of international player personnel for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Đurišić started his basketball career playing with the youth teams of Budućnost. In 1978, at age of 17, he moved to Crvena zvezda of the Yugoslav Federal League. He played two seasons there, until 1980. Over 44 regular season games he averaged 2.5 point per game. In 1980, Đurišić moved to\",\n \"title\": \"Žarko Đurišić\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6629136\",\n \"text\": \"Fund, and the P. J. Fleck Scholarship Fund. Past camp instructors have included Fleck's former teammates and friends Ken Dorsey and Justin McCareins. In 2014, Fleck was inducted into the Hall of Fame of his high school, Kaneland High School in Maple Park, Illinois. Fleck credits Jim Tressel, Greg Schiano, and Jerry Kill–among others–with helping advance his coaching career. Notable head coaches under whom Fleck has served: P. J. Fleck Philip John Fleck (born November 29, 1980) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach for the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team. He is\",\n \"title\": \"P. J. Fleck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5590155\",\n \"text\": \"that Saunders would miss the next season. Saunders died on October 25, 2015 at the age of 60. On February 15, 2018, the Timberwolves held a \\\"Flip Saunders Night\\\" during which a permanent banner was unveiled in the Target Center honoring Saunders. Source: Flip Saunders Philip Daniel \\\"Flip\\\" Saunders (February 23, 1955 – October 25, 2015) was an American basketball player and coach. During his career, he coached the Minnesota Timberwolves, Detroit Pistons, and Washington Wizards. Saunders was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was an All-state basketball player at Cuyahoga Heights High School in suburban Cleveland. In his senior season,\",\n \"title\": \"Flip Saunders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1792413\",\n \"text\": \"Target Center Target Center is a multi-purpose arena located in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota. Target Center hosts major family shows, concerts, sporting events, graduations and private events. Target Corporation is the original and current naming rights partner of the arena. Seating over 20,000 for a concert, it contains 702 club seats and 68 suites. The arena is home to the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves and the WNBA's Minnesota Lynx. The facility has also hosted the LFL's Minnesota Valkyrie, the RHI's Minnesota Arctic Blast and the Arena Football League's Minnesota Fighting Pike in the past. Original Timberwolves owners Marv Wolfenson and Harvey Ratner\",\n \"title\": \"Target Center\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6629111\",\n \"text\": \"P. J. Fleck Philip John Fleck (born November 29, 1980) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach for the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team. He is the former head coach of the Western Michigan Broncos football team. Fleck played as a wide receiver for Northern Illinois University from 1999 to 2003 and with the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) from 2004 to 2005. PJ Fleck started his playing career at Kaneland High School located in Maple Park, Illinois where he helped the Knights win back to back, undefeated state\",\n \"title\": \"P. J. Fleck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803642\",\n \"text\": \"NBA draft lottery. On May 19, the Timberwolves received the first overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft for the first time in franchise history. On June 25, the Timberwolves selected Karl-Anthony Towns as the number one pick and acquired Tyus Jones through a trade with the Cleveland Cavaliers. The 2015 season also saw the return of Kevin Garnett. In February, Garnett, at the time with the Brooklyn Nets, waived his no-trade clause to enable a trade back to Minnesota which sent Thaddeus Young to Brooklyn. In his first game back, Garnett resumed wearing the No. 21 jersey that had\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7169490\",\n \"text\": \"died on June 1, 2017. Jack McCloskey John William McCloskey (September 19, 1925 – June 1, 2017) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. He served as the head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers and general manager of the Detroit Pistons and Minnesota Timberwolves. As general manager of the Pistons, McCloskey assembled the team that would become known as the \\\"Bad Boys\\\" that won NBA championships in 1989 and 1990. McCloskey was born in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania on September 19, 1925 to Buelah and Eddie McCloskey. After high school, he attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played\",\n \"title\": \"Jack McCloskey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4501364\",\n \"text\": \"his 1,300th career game on February 21, 2009, joining Wilkens as the only coach to pass this milestone. Don Nelson defeated the Minnesota Timberwolves on April 7, 2010, achieving his 1,333rd career win. He passed Lenny Wilkens for first all-time on the list of the NBA's winningest coaches. Nelson married Joy Wolfgram at the Oakland Coliseum in June 1991. Nelson and his wife have a total of six children from prior marriages. He has another daughter born out of wedlock, whom he did not know about for 29 years. He has thirteen grandchildren, and his son Donnie Nelson is the\",\n \"title\": \"Don Nelson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7874571\",\n \"text\": \"selected in the 1989 expansion draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves for whom he averaged 23.2 points and 5.5 rebounds per game in their inaugural season. He held the Timberwolves' original all-time scoring record, scoring 4,888 points, before having his record later broken by Doug West. After his time with the Timberwolves, Campbell played for the New York Knicks, Dallas Mavericks and Cleveland Cavaliers before leaving the NBA in 1995. From 2007 to February 16, 2018, he was the Director of Athletics and head basketball coach at Bay Ridge Preparatory School in Brooklyn, New York. He has since left the school.\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"803633\",\n \"text\": \"38) and a future first-round pick. The Timberwolves traded Mirotic's rights to the Chicago Bulls for the rights to Norris Cole (No. 28) and Malcolm Lee (No. 43). The Timberwolves then sold the rights to Parsons back to the Rockets. The Timberwolves traded Norris Cole (No. 28) to the Miami Heat for the draft rights to Bojan Bogdanovic (No. 31), a future second-round pick and cash considerations. The Timberwolves then traded Bogdanovic's rights to the New Jersey Nets for a future second-rounder and cash. The Trail Blazers traded the draft rights to Tanguy Ngombo (No. 57) to the Timberwolves. On\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Timberwolves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4048759\",\n \"text\": \"as a free agent. On February 12, 2005, the Timberwolves fired Saunders and McHale took over as head coach for the rest of the 2004–05 season. He compiled a 19–12 record, but had no interest in continuing as head coach. Dwane Casey was hired as the new head coach in the off-season. With Minnesota sitting at .500 midway through the 2006–07 season, McHale fired Casey on January 23, 2007. Timberwolves' assistant coach Randy Wittman was tapped to succeed Casey. Despite missing the playoffs, on April 19, 2007, the Timberwolves announced that McHale and Wittman would return for the 2007–08 season.\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin McHale (basketball)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the head coach of the minnesota timberwolves"}}},{"rowIdx":73,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Dylan and Cole Sprouse"],"string":"[\n \"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"4828011","text":"app. Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14, 2017. \"The Suite Life\" spawned a sequel series, also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody, called \"The Suite Life on Deck\", which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011. A TV movie based on both series, \"The Suite Life Movie\", premiered on Disney Channel on March 25, 2011. The show centers upon Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who live in the Tipton Hotel (parody of the Hilton Hotel) in Boston, where their mother, Carey, sings and performs in the","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"19064785","text":"guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Victoria Justice as Rebecca, Julia Duffy as Martha Harrington and Jesse McCartney as himself. The show was originally ordered to series for a 21-episode first season. However, after the show premiered with good ratings establishing itself as Disney’s top series in key boy demographics, and only behind \"That’s So Raven\" in kids 2-11 and 6-11, the network decided to order five additional episodes to a total of 26 episodes for the first season. Set in Boston, the show focuses on the twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody (Cole Sprouse) who move","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"},{"id":"4828010","text":"Boston and centers on Zack Martin and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse), troublesome twins who live at the Tipton Hotel. The series' other main characters include the Tipton hotel's ditzy heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song), the hotel's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick (Ashley Tisdale), the manager, Mr. Marion Moseby (Phill Lewis), and the boys' single mother who is also the Hotel's lounge singer, Carey Martin (Kim Rhodes). The series is the third Disney Channel Original to have more than 65 episodes, after \"That's So Raven\" and \"Kim Possible\". Reruns aired on Disney XD and on the Watch Disney XD","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"4828009","text":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award three times. The show was also a long-standing staple of the now defunct ABC Kids Saturday morning block on ABC. The series is set in the Tipton Hotel in","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"4279409","text":"Dylan and Cole Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse and Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) are American actors. They are twins and are referred to as the Sprouse brothers or Sprouse Bros. Their first major theatrical film role was in the 1999 comedy, \"Big Daddy\", in which they co-starred with Adam Sandler. They later appeared in several television sitcoms and starred in the straight-to-DVD films \"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus\" and \"Just for Kicks\". From 2005 until 2008, they starred in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". As a result of the series' success,","title":"Dylan and Cole Sprouse"},{"id":"20820562","text":"as Corrie, Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm, Gus Hoffman as Warren and Caroline Rhea as Ilsa. Special guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Michael Clarke Duncan as Coach Little, Meaghan Jette Martin as Stacey, Mark Indelicato as Antonio, Kathy Najimy as Principal Milletidge, Kay Panabaker as Amber, Tony Hawk as himself, Jaden Smith as Travis, Drew Seeley as Geoffrey, Kelsey Chow as Dakota, Daniella Monet as Dana, Chris Brown as himself, The Cheetah Girls as themselves and Nicole Sullivan as Miss Klotz. In the season premiere, Cody graduates from Buckner Middle School, however Zack has to go to","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"},{"id":"5364856","text":"Dylan Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor and the twin brother of Cole Sprouse. He is known for his role as Zack Martin on the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its spin-off, \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Sprouse was born in Arezzo, Italy, to American parents Matthew Sprouse and Melanie Wright, while they were teaching at an English language school in Tuscany. Dylan was born 15 minutes before his younger twin brother Cole Sprouse. Four months after his birth, the family moved back to their parents' native Long","title":"Dylan Sprouse"},{"id":"14944348","text":"peek was shown during the Disney Channel \"Shake It Up\" New Year's event. After making plans to spend spring break with his girlfriend Bailey Pickett (Debby Ryan), Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) decides to leave the SS \"Tipton\", a large cruise ship where he attends school, to work as an intern for Dr. Donald Spaulding (John Ducey) at a prestigious research firm instead. He does so in hopes of obtaining a scholarship to Yale. When Cody's twin brother Zack (Dylan Sprouse) reveals Cody's plans to Bailey before Cody could, she becomes infuriated that Cody canceled his plans with her and refuses","title":"The Suite Life Movie"},{"id":"5364861","text":"Cole Sprouse Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor, and twin brother of Dylan Sprouse. He is known for his role as Cody Martin on the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its spinoff \"The Suite Life on Deck\". , Sprouse stars as Jughead Jones on The CW television series \"Riverdale\". Cole Mitchell Sprouse was born in Arezzo, Italy, to American parents Matthew Sprouse and Melanie Wright, while they were teaching at an English language school in Tuscany. Cole was born 15 minutes after his older twin brother Dylan Sprouse. Cole","title":"Cole Sprouse"},{"id":"5578620","text":"Kim Rhodes Kimberly Rhodes (born June 7, 1969) is an American actress, who portrayed the role of \"Cindy Harrison\" on two different soap operas, \"Another World\" (1992–96) and \"As the World Turns\" (2000–01), as well as Carey Martin in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" (2005–08) and \"The Suite Life on Deck\" (2008–11), where she played the mother of twins Zack and Cody (Dylan and Cole Sprouse). She is also known for playing Sheriff Jody Mills on \"Supernatural\" (2010–). Rhodes was born and raised in Portland, Oregon. She graduated from Benson Polytechnic High School, and","title":"Kim Rhodes"},{"id":"14838044","text":"it became the most watched pilot in Canada and on the Family network, also outpacing veteran series \"Hannah Montana\" and \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" with the ratings. Hotel heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song) and twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) are to attend a new semester in Seven Seas High School on the SS \"Tipton\", a cruise ship owned by Wilfred Tipton (voiced by Bob Joles and played by Adam Tait in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody; played by John Michael Higgins in the special Suite Life On Deck episode \"Twister\"). (which was seen in","title":"The Suite Life Sets Sail"},{"id":"14944347","text":"The Suite Life Movie The Suite Life Movie is a 2011 science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Sean McNamara, written by Michael Saltzman, and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan, Matthew Timmons, John Ducey, Matthew Glave, and Phill Lewis. The Disney Channel Original Movie is based on the pair of Disney Channel sitcoms \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\" created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. Dylan and Cole Sprouse were also executive producers for the movie. The film premiered on March 25, 2011 on the Disney Channel. A sneak","title":"The Suite Life Movie"},{"id":"4828031","text":"for the show was announced to be released around Summer 2008. It would have featured songs from and inspired from the show, including songs from Ashley Tisdale, Brenda Song, Jesse McCartney, and Raven-Symoné. This idea was scrapped as of 2017. The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"20820560","text":"Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. The returning recurring characters who were introduced in previous seasons, include: Adrian R'Mante as Esteban, Brian Stepanek as Arwin, Sophie Oda as Barbara, Aaron Musicant as Lance, Sammi Hanratty as Holly, Bo Crutcher as Skippy, Tyler Steelman as Mark, Charlie Stewart as Bob, Robert Torti as Kurt, Brittany Curran as Chelsea, Patrick Bristow as Patrick, Camilla & Rebecca Rosso as Jessica and Janice, Anthony Acker as Norman, Sharon Jordan as Irene, Marianne Muellerleile as Sister Dominick, Jerry Kernion as Chef Paolo, Ernie Grunwald as Mr.","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"},{"id":"9923316","text":"\"How Suite It Is\". They stay at the Tipton in Los Angeles, which is largely identical to the one in Boston, and they meet the cast of the show: Zack and Cody are portrayed by two young boys, Carey by a young lady, Maddie by a pretty girl who pretends to like her, London by a boy, and Moseby by a tall man who talks with street slang. The producers think that the twins playing Zack and Cody are too young, and it is decided that the real Zack and Cody should play themselves. This is something the twins see","title":"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood"},{"id":"20819587","text":"there are also new characters introduced: Camilla & Rebecca Rosso as Jessica and Janice, Bo Crutcher as Skippy, Marianne Muellerleile as Sister Dominick, Vanessa Hudgens as Corrie, Jerry Kernion as Chef Paolo, Sammi Hanratty as Holly, Tyler Steelman as Mark, Brittany Curran as Chelsea, Kaycee Stroh as Leslie and Alexa Nikolas as Tiffany. Not returning for this season are the following characters: Estelle Harris as Muriel and Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm. Special guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Zac Efron as Trevor, Moises Arias as Randall, D. C. Douglas as Interviewer, Kathryn Joosten as Grandma Marilyn, Raven-Symoné","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)"},{"id":"20819586","text":"Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. This season a lot of returning recurring characters who were introduced in season one return, such as: Adrian R'Mante as Esteban, Charlie Stewart as Bob, Brian Stepanek as Arwin, Monique Coleman as Mary Margaret, Sophie Oda as Barbara, Patrick Bristow as Patrick, Aaron Musicant as Lance, Allie Grant as Agnes, Anthony Acker as Norman, Sharon Jordan as Irene, Alyson Stoner as Max, Gus Hoffman as Warren, Robert Torti as Kurt, Caroline Rhea as Ilsa and Ernie Grunwald as Mr. Forgess. Alongside the old recurring cast","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)"},{"id":"19064790","text":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1) The first season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005 to January 27, 2006. The season introduces Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"},{"id":"19064783","text":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1) The first season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005 to January 27, 2006. The season introduces Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"},{"id":"19064784","text":"foil to Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. In the show's first season there are several recurring characters introduced: Adrian R'Mante as Esteban, Brian Stepanek as Arwin, Charlie Stewart as Bob, Estelle Harris as Muriel, Aaron Musicant as Lance, Sophie Oda as Barbara, Patrick Bristow as Patrick, Monique Coleman as Mary Margaret, Alyson Stoner as Max, Robert Torti as Kurt, Anthony Acker as Norman, Sharon Jordan as Irene, Allie Grant as Agnes, Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm, Caroline Rhea as Ilsa, Gus Hoffman as Warren and Ernie Grunwald as Mr. Forgess. Special","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"},{"id":"17779576","text":"Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its sequel/spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"That's So Raven\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Hannah Montana\", \"I'm in the Band\", \"So Random!\" and the special, \"\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \"Big Daddy\" and staying in a hotel for four months. Sprouse","title":"Zack Martin (Suite Life)"},{"id":"4828022","text":"\"PrankStars\", and \"Austin & Ally\" and the ABC Kids series \"\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by Loren Ellis and the Drew Davis Band (who also performed the theme to \"Phil of the Future\", and whose performance is uncredited). The theme was remixed for the ending credits of \"Rock Star in the House\" in a form similar to \"Beautiful Soul\" to accompany the episode's guest appearance of Jesse McCartney. The opening title sequence to the show","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"4279417","text":"in the Disney Channel original series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", where they portrayed identical twins Zack and Cody Martin, respectively. The series, which debuted in March 2005, became a ratings success. As part of their involvement with Disney, the brothers also became part of the 11-member group, the Disney Channel Circle of Stars, and sang the song \"A Dream is a Wish Your Heart Makes\" along with the members of the circle, for a video that was released as bonus material in the special edition version of the Disney film \"Cinderella\". They also participated in the Disney","title":"Dylan and Cole Sprouse"},{"id":"5364864","text":"on more roles as separate characters but often still worked on the same projects. Their first role as separate characters in the same production was as kids in a \"MADtv\" sketch. Sprouse portrayed Cody Martin in the 2005 Disney Channel original series, \"The Suite Life of Zack and Cody\" alongside his brother; he reprised the role in the show's 2008 spinoff, \"The Suite Life on Deck\" and its related film. On February 9, 2016, Sprouse was cast as Jughead Jones in The CW's teen drama series \"Riverdale\", based on the characters of \"Archie Comics\". Sprouse will star in \"Five Feet","title":"Cole Sprouse"},{"id":"20819585","text":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2) The second season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from February 3, 2006 to June 2, 2007. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)"},{"id":"5578623","text":"Tabitha, with whom Rhodes was pregnant at the end of \"<nowiki>Suite Life'</nowiki>\"s run. Kim Rhodes Kimberly Rhodes (born June 7, 1969) is an American actress, who portrayed the role of \"Cindy Harrison\" on two different soap operas, \"Another World\" (1992–96) and \"As the World Turns\" (2000–01), as well as Carey Martin in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" (2005–08) and \"The Suite Life on Deck\" (2008–11), where she played the mother of twins Zack and Cody (Dylan and Cole Sprouse). She is also known for playing Sheriff Jody Mills on \"Supernatural\" (2010–). Rhodes was born","title":"Kim Rhodes"},{"id":"6243159","text":"Cody Martin Cody Martin (played by Cole Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its sequel/spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Cody also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"That's So Raven\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Hannah Montana\", \"I'm in the Band\", \"So Random!\" and the special, \"\". Dylan Sprouse stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something he and his brother came up with when they were shooting \"Big Daddy\" and stayed in a hotel for","title":"Cody Martin"},{"id":"9392729","text":"Camilla and Rebecca Rosso Camilla \"Milly\" Rosso and Rebecca \"Becky\" Rosso (born 6 July 1994) are British twin actresses and singers from London. They are best known for their roles as Janice (Milly) and Jessica (Becky) Ellis on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", and for their roles as Annabelle \"Annie\" (Milly) and Isabelle \"Izzy\" (Becky) Woods in \"Legally Blondes\" (2009). Milly is a minute younger than Becky. They have three other sisters, Bianca, Georgina, and Lola. Milly and Becky were discovered when they were picked out of the audience by one of the executive producers of \"The Suite","title":"Camilla and Rebecca Rosso"},{"id":"4279410","text":"the media has termed them \"heartthrobs\" and \"overwhelming draws\" among preteen and teen audiences. The following year, the brothers launched a franchise known as the Sprouse Bros brand, which included a clothing line, book series and magazine. The majority of the Sprouses' franchise ended in 2008, except for their clothing line. \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" was retooled in 2008 as \"The Suite Life on Deck\", in which the brothers reprised their roles as Zack and Cody. \"The Suite Life on Deck\" went on to become the most-watched tween/children's television show in 2008 and 2009. The show ended","title":"Dylan and Cole Sprouse"},{"id":"4828014","text":"appeared more than once is included at list of recurring characters in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. The 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike resulted in the series being on hiatus. When the strike ended, new episodes began airing on April 19, 2008. The show eventually ended for good with its series finale, a total of three seasons and 87 episodes on September 1, 2008. The episode \"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\" is the second part of a three-way crossover that begins on \"That's So Raven\" and concludes on \"Hannah Montana\". Raven Baxter meets Zack and","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"7232903","text":"Carey Martin Carey Marie Martin (played by Kim Rhodes) is a fictional character in the Disney Channel sitcom, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Carey is a headlining singer at the Tipton Hotel as well as the mother of Zack and Cody. She is a divorced mother, wise, kind, but strict, and seems to love the twins a lot. She is sometimes over-protective of her sons, which they hate, but does it for good reason. Arwin Hawkhauser has an obsessive crush on her. She has a younger sister who is never seen, and","title":"Carey Martin"},{"id":"14838043","text":"The Suite Life Sets Sail \"The Suite Life Sets Sail\" is the pilot episode of the popular Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life on Deck\", sequel and spin-off to the original series. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, close friends with Zack, girlfriend to Cody and roommate with London, as well as Ashley Tisdale leaving the main cast due to Maddie Fitzpatrick having to attend college. After an original sequel named \"Arwin!\" was not picked up by Disney Channel, the creators decided to change the concept. The series premiere in the United States drew 5.7 million viewers, and","title":"The Suite Life Sets Sail"},{"id":"20819588","text":"as Raven Baxter, Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana, Selena Gomez as Gwen, Kumiko Mori as herself, Mindy Sterling as Sister Rose, Cheryl Burke as Shannon, Tahj Mowry as Brandon, Tom Poston as Merle, Nathan Kress as Jamie, Daryl Mitchell as Daryl, The Veronicas as themselves. During this new season, we see Zack and Cody on their last year of middle school in Buckner Middle School; and their adventures as Tipton Hotel residents. We also finally see Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic School, the school Maddie and Mary Margaret attended during season one, and is now also being attended by","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)"},{"id":"20820559","text":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3) The third season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from July 23, 2007 to September 1, 2008. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"},{"id":"5495665","text":"the main cast of the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" in 2005, and would continue to star in the show until 2008. The show proved to be a hit for the network, and earned Tisdale a Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards. Tisdale had her breakout role as Sharpay Evans in the Disney Channel film \"High School Musical\" (2006). The film was the network's most successful film of 2006, receiving 7.7 million viewers upon its premiere. The soundtrack for the film, featuring numerous contributions from Tisdale, went on to sell over three million copies in the","title":"Ashley Tisdale"},{"id":"17779586","text":"combine them into a single personality, they try to escape. Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its sequel/spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"That's So Raven\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Hannah Montana\", \"I'm in the Band\", \"So Random!\" and the special, \"\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \"Big","title":"Zack Martin (Suite Life)"},{"id":"14944349","text":"to speak to him. Meanwhile, Zack asks Cody for his car, which their parents will give to Cody when he goes to college, but Cody refuses. However, after Zack runs a billion-dollar submarine into the seawall in an attempt to impress a cute science assistant, and Cody does the same trying to stop him, the equipment is lost and Cody is kicked out of the program and fired. Furious, Cody disowns Zack and vows to never forgive him, claiming they may be twins, but they definitely are not brothers. Elsewhere, London Tipton (Brenda Song) accidentally eats a fruit given to","title":"The Suite Life Movie"},{"id":"4828017","text":"shows \"The Mall\" area that's located in Lincoln Park High School, in Chicago, Illinois. Some of the students that attend Buckner were Max, Bob, and Agnes. Carey would come sit outside of the detention area while Zack was being punished. She said when she was outside the principal's office at Cheevers High that, \"Thanks to Zack, I knitted 32 sweaters and an afghan.\" The name comes from former-Boston Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner. Maddie and Mary Margaret (Monique Coleman) attended this private school in season one. Later in season two, Corrie (Vanessa Hudgens) and Leslie (Kaycee Stroh) were added","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"11538920","text":"had pitched an idea to the Disney Channel about continuing the \"Suite Life\" series. The show would see Zack and Cody return to the Tipton Hotel in Boston to live with their mother, and would become mentors to a boy who lived with his father at the hotel. Disney rejected the idea initially, but contacted the twins a year later with an edited concept that retained the boy and his father storyline, but Zack and Cody would move to a Miami hotel instead, Selena Gomez would also star and the twins would not get producer credits like they had requested.","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"},{"id":"4828027","text":"2011. Then it become Toon Disney's first live-action comedy program in 2008. After Toon Disney's closing, they showed reruns on Disney XD. As of June 22, 2015, re-runs air on Disney Channel from 1-2 am eastern and from 4-5 am eastern. As of Fall 2015, re-runs air on Disney Channel at 1:30am eastern and 4:30am eastern. \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" is broadcast on the following stations (and many others) around the world: All episodes of the show are available on iTunes and Zune. The Complete First Season was released to Germany and Brazil on November 13, 2008.","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"11538907","text":"The Suite Life on Deck The Suite Life on Deck is an American sitcom that aired on Disney Channel from September 26, 2008 to May 6, 2011. It is a sequel/spin-off of the Disney Channel Original Series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". The series follows twin brothers Zack and Cody Martin and hotel heiress London Tipton in a new setting, the SS \"Tipton\", where they attend classes at \"Seven Seas High School\" and meet Bailey Pickett while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. The ship travels around the world to nations such as Italy, France, Greece, India, Sweden and","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"},{"id":"9392730","text":"Life of Zack & Cody\" at a live taping of the show. They appeared in a total seven episodes of the show and then appeared in one episode of the spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\" in March 2010. The twins starred as the main roles in the film \"Legally Blondes\", which was released direct-to-DVD on 28 April 2009 as a sequel to \"Legally Blonde\". They sang \"Lucky Girl\" for the film. \"Legally Blondes\" was produced by Reese Witherspoon, the star of the original \"Legally Blonde\". Milly and Becky were part of an all-girl group called \"The Rosso Sisters\", along","title":"Camilla and Rebecca Rosso"},{"id":"4828023","text":"begins with a shot of the Tipton Hotel's ground floor exterior, which then zooms to a window on what is presumed to be the 23rd Floor of the hotel (where Zack, Cody and Carey's suite is), which then displays clips from various episodes (which were updated for each season), with five clips featuring each cast member being shown after the computerized Tipton hotel exterior shoots from window to window. The sequence then closes with the show's title logo (a door plaque with the words \"The Suite Life\" with a piece of paper with the words \"of Zack and Cody\", made","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"4828025","text":"program, while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, who becomes Zack and Cody's friend (and Cody's girlfriend) and London's friend and roommate. The series also introduces Doc Shaw as Marcus Little, a former superstar who lost his fame after his voice changed. While an attempted spin-off, \"Arwin!\", which was to star Selena Gomez and Brian Stepanek, was not picked up by Disney Channel, \"The Suite Life on Deck\" skipped the pilot process and went straight to the series. On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production has begun for a Disney Channel","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"16418634","text":"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir is a Disney Channel India sitcom, which premiered on 8 April 2012 to 18 August 2013. The series is an Indian adaptation of the American show \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". Starring Namit Shah, Siddharth Takkar, Shivshakti Sachdev, Tara Sutaria, Damman Baggan and Shruti Seth, the series is set in the Raj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai and centers on Karan and Kabir, trouble-making twins who live there. Other main characters include Vinnie, the candy-counter girl Vinnie; Rani Oberoi, the daughter of the hotel's owner;","title":"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir"},{"id":"4828015","text":"Cody as she visits the Tipton Hotel to do a photo shoot promoting a new fashion line for boys, only to have a troubling psychic vision of Cody. In the meantime, London refuses to wear one of Raven's original designs until Hannah Montana stops by and shows an interest in the fashions. The Tipton Hotel is where Zack, Cody, Carey, and London all live, and where the majority of the other characters in the series work. It is the main setting for the series. The Tipton Hotel is located in Boston, Massachusetts. Hotel Vancouver is used for the exterior of","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"4828012","text":"hotel lounge. However, it also centers upon the hotel owner's teenage daughter, London Tipton (A parody of Paris Hilton), who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. The show is often set at the Tipton Hotel, but has other settings such as Zack and Cody's school, Cheevers High, and Maddie and London's private school, Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic. Zack and Cody often get","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"14944351","text":"world. By doing this, according to Dr. Olsen, he must form a bond between twins. Over the course of the project, which uses the same fruit as Dr. Spaulding's experiments, Zack and Cody form a bond: first a physical bond, in which they can sense what the other is feeling, then empathy, or an emotional bond. After they develop these bonds, they overhear a conversation that reveals Dr. Olsen has evil intentions. Meanwhile, Bailey discovers Cody's letter and reads it. She realizes Cody only wanted to obtain a scholarship to Yale and goes with London and Woody (Matthew Timmons) to","title":"The Suite Life Movie"},{"id":"20820566","text":"same night as \"High School Musical 2\" and is about a school production of \"High School Musical\". The theme song is the same as in previous seasons, with the opening sequence replacing a few scenes with new ones from season three. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3) The third season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from July 23, 2007 to September 1, 2008. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"},{"id":"5495657","text":"Ashley Tisdale Ashley Michelle Tisdale (born July 2, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and film producer. During her childhood, Tisdale was featured in over 100 advertisements and had minor roles in television and theatre. She achieved mainstream success as Maddie Fitzpatrick in the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". This success was heightened when she starred as Sharpay Evans in the \"High School Musical\" franchise. The film series proved to be a huge success for Disney and earned a large following. The success of the films led to Tisdale signing with Warner Bros. Records, releasing","title":"Ashley Tisdale"},{"id":"5574049","text":"Phill Lewis Phill Lewis (born 1968) is an American actor, director, and comedian, best known for his role as Mr. Moseby on the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its spin-off, \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Lewis has also made appearances on popular TV shows such as \"Lizzie McGuire, Friends, The Wayans Bros\" and \"Scrubs\". Lewis was born in 1968 in Uganda. At the time, his father, former U.S. Ambassador Delano Lewis, was serving as the Peace Corps' associate director and country director for Nigeria and Uganda. Lewis has three brothers. Lewis was cast in","title":"Phill Lewis"},{"id":"4828013","text":"in trouble (sometimes unintentionally) and come up with witty ideas to get out of it. Throughout the series' run, Brenda Song was absent for two episodes while Ashley Tisdale was absent from twelve episodes. All other main cast members appeared in all 87 episodes. Below is a list of cast members who have appeared in significant roles as recurring characters throughout the series. Each of the cast members listed has appeared in between 6 and 45 episodes and the list is ordered according to the number of episodes credited (highest number first). A complete list of all characters who have","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"14944354","text":"who finally understand each other by telepathically discovering they wanted to be like each other all along. Mr. Moseby comes in with the police who arrest Ronald. Zack and Cody now understand that they make a \"pretty good team.\" Afterward, Cody and Bailey have reconciled and visited landmarks together and Zack is driving his car, which Cody finally agreed to let him have. On the dock, Zack parks the car in a shipping area and sees his friends and brother on the SS \"Tipton\". Unfortunately, the car is crushed by a shipping crate containing London's summer clothes. While Zack stares","title":"The Suite Life Movie"},{"id":"19064788","text":"The theme was remixed for the ending credits of \"Rock Star in the House\" in a form similar to \"Beautiful Soul\" to accompany the episode's guest appearance of Jesse McCartney. The opening title sequence to the show begins with a shot of the Tipton Hotel's ground floor exterior, which then zooms to a window on what is presumed to be the 23rd Floor of the hotel (where Zack, Cody and Carey's suite is), which then displays clips from various episodes (which were updated for each season), with five clips featuring each cast member being shown after the computerized Tipton hotel","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"},{"id":"6916581","text":"numerous TV movies. He also guest-starred on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as Harry O'Neal, a guest who conned the Tipton staff into giving him free stuff. He also guest-starred in \"90210\" as the date of Annie's and Dixon's mother. Lutes was born in Woonsocket, Rhode Island and raised in Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Claire, an astrologer and psychiatric nurse, and John Lutes, an artist. He attended Chariho High School where he was a member of the Chariho Boys Track Team. Eric Lutes Eric Lutes (born August 19, 1962) is an American actor, known for his","title":"Eric Lutes"},{"id":"4828019","text":"business enemy and fierce rival. The summer camp where Maddie works over the summer. The only part of the camp shown is the cabin in which Maddie and the young girls stay. Where Zack, Cody, London, Maddie, and Nia attend along with other students including Barbara, Bob, and Mark. This setting was used in \"Lip Synchin' in the Rain,\" \"First Day of High School,\" \"Orchestra,\" and \"Benchwarmers.\" John Marshall High School (Los Angeles, California) is shown in a snapshot as Cheevers High School. Scenes also take place in several other places in Boston, including Fenway Park, a movie theater, Maddie's","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"20820561","text":"Forgess, Kaycee Stroh as Leslie and Alexa Nikolas as Tiffany. After being absent in season two and in almost every season three episode, Estelle Harris returns in the series finale as Muriel. Alongside the old recurring cast there are also new characters introduced: Giovonnie Samuels as Nia Moseby, Kara Taitz as Millicent, Cierra Ramirez as Jasmine, Hannah Leigh Dworkin as Amy, Jaelin Palmer as Leah, Jareb Dauplaise as Wayne and Tara Lynne Barr as Haley. Not returning for this season are the following cast members: Monique Coleman as Mary Margaret, Alyson Stoner as Max, Allie Grant as Agnes, Vanessa Hudgens","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"},{"id":"4828026","text":"Original Movie based on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". \"The Suite Life Movie\" premiered on the Disney Channel in the United States and Canada on March 25, 2011. \"The Suite Life on Deck\" eventually ended on May 6, 2011. An Indian adaptation of the show, titled \"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir\", premiered on Disney Channel India on April 8, 2012. It ran for two seasons and ended on January 19, 2014. In 2005, ABC's child block ABC Kids aired The Suite Life of Zack and Cody until its closing in","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"11538912","text":"ever, we decided to find a new way for Zack, Cody, London, and Mr. Moseby to live 'The Suite Life' in a whole new setting – this time aboard a luxury cruise liner.\" The series original creator, Danny Kallis was announced to be involved with the project. The elements from the original series remain the same though the setting is completely different. In December 2008, it was reported that the Disney Channel had renewed the series for a thirteen episode second season. On May 11, 2009, Disney issued a press release stating that the second season had been extended to","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"},{"id":"14944352","text":"find him. At the institute, London learns from a dolphin that Zack and Cody are at the Gemini Project and alerts Dr. Spaulding who claims that the Martin twins may be in danger. Bailey calls the manager of the SS \"Tipton\", Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis), to the site of the Gemini Project while they all go to save Zack and Cody. During this time, the brothers attempt to flee the island and the army of twins, who are now mind-controlled to go after the two. The army succeeds, as Zack and Cody are captured and taken back to the laboratory,","title":"The Suite Life Movie"},{"id":"17779582","text":"mother, as seen in \"Lip-Syncing in the Rain\" and \"Sleepover Suite\". He generally prefers the electric guitar, but is not skilled in other instruments. In the first season, Zack is a huge troublemaker. He generally starts devious schemes, and Cody only complies reluctantly. Cody works as a bag boy at the Paul Revere minimart over the summer during the third season. It becomes a setting and theme for some episodes, most notably \"Summer of Our Discontent\", \"Sink or Swim\", \"Who's the Boss?\" and \"Baggage\". Zack initially shares a room with Bailey Pickett, a smart and intelligent student, who's a girl","title":"Zack Martin (Suite Life)"},{"id":"17779581","text":"time of \"On Deck.\" After traveling around the nation, the twins and their mother Carey arrive in Boston, which becomes their home until \"The Suite Life on Deck\". He and Cody become friends with Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Zack develops an on-and-off crush on her. Zack even keeps a picture of her in his room when he moves to the SS \"Tipton\". During the \"On Deck\" episode \"Maddie On Deck\", Maddie flirts with Zack a bit while visiting and even kisses him to give him confidence. Like Cody, he inherits musical talents from his parents. He has singing talents like his","title":"Zack Martin (Suite Life)"},{"id":"4828016","text":"the hotel. In the episode \"Let Us Entertain You\", Zack, Cody, and Carey spent a week vacationing on board the SS \"Tipton\". It is also the setting of the sequel series, \"The Suite Life on Deck\". The first time the SS \"Tipton\" is referenced is in the episode, \"To Catch a Thief\". While Maddie talks to London on the phone a life preserver with the words \"S.S. Tipton\" can be seen in the background. The twins' Middle School. The school's mascot is a badger. In the scene outside of the school where a few students are walking between two buildings","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"8335167","text":"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". In addition, he has made guest appearances on numerous series. Robert Torti Robert Felix Torti (born October 22, 1961) is an American actor. Torti was born in Van Nuys, California. He married DeLee Lively on June 24, 1999. Together, they have three children: Zachary, Faith and Chloe. Torti originated the roles of Jesus and Jack in both the New York City and Los Angeles stage productions of \"Reefer Madness\". Earlier in his career, Torti was honored with a Tony Award nomination for his performance as Greaseball in","title":"Robert Torti"},{"id":"2076435","text":"Biggest Loser\" on NBC, and for playing Noleta Nethercott on the TV series \"\" for Logo, which has recently been rebooted as a feature called \"A Very Sordid Wedding\", which premiered in March 2017 in Palm Springs. In 2004, she appeared in the cult-classics Disney's \"Mom's Got a Date with a Vampire\" and in \"Christmas with the Kranks.\" In 2005, Rhea appeared in \"The Perfect Man\", playing a co-worker of Jean (Heather Locklear) and had a recurring role on the hit Disney Channel Original Series, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as Ilsa Shickelgubermeiger-Von Helsing der Keppelugerhofer, an inspector","title":"Caroline Rhea"},{"id":"7232907","text":"however, the show didn't incorporate it in the series. Carey was seen putting her hand on her stomach and she did have a bump at the show's end. Carey Martin Carey Marie Martin (played by Kim Rhodes) is a fictional character in the Disney Channel sitcom, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Carey is a headlining singer at the Tipton Hotel as well as the mother of Zack and Cody. She is a divorced mother, wise, kind, but strict, and seems to love the twins a lot. She is sometimes over-protective of her","title":"Carey Martin"},{"id":"11538911","text":"and its parent series titled \"The Suite Life Movie\" aired on the Disney Channel. The series' forty-minute finale episode, \"Graduation on Deck\", aired on Disney Channel on May 6, 2011, officially ending the series. On February 4, 2008, it was announced that the Disney Channel was developing a new contemporary sequel to the Disney channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". The announcement was made by Gary Marsh, the President of the Disney Channel. He stated, \"Our audience has shown us that after 88 episodes, 'The Suite Life of Zack & Cody' remains one of their favorite sitcoms","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"},{"id":"16461502","text":"James Snyder (actor) James Randall Snyder (born February 7, 1981) is an American stage, film, and television actor and singer. He graduated from Christian Brothers High School in Sacramento, California and received his with a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the USC School of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles, where he was a member of the SoCal VoCals, USC's premiere a cappella group. Since 2002, Snyder has appeared on numerous television shows. His television credits include the television film, Anna's Dream, and the TV series Married to the Kellys, Gilmore Girls, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, Related, Without","title":"James Snyder (actor)"},{"id":"11538919","text":"concert in Hawaii featuring Hannah Montana, who has boarded the SS \"Tipton\". In the meantime, the Russo siblings enjoy a cruise of their own until Alex pulls a prank that causes Justin to turn blue. On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production had begun for a Disney Channel Original Movie based on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". \"The Suite Life Movie\" premiered on the Disney Channel in the United States and Canada on March 25, 2011. In 2013, during an interview with \"Gawker\", Dylan Sprouse revealed he and his brother","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"},{"id":"7411170","text":"Monique Coleman Adrienne Monique Jordan (née Coleman; born November 13, 1980), known professionally as Monique Coleman, is an American actress, dancer, singer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist best known for her co-starring role in Disney's \"High School Musical\" movies, in which she plays Taylor McKessie. Coleman also had a recurring role on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", as a school girl named Mary–Margaret, along with Ashley Tisdale. She also competed in the third edition of ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars\", finishing in fourth place. Most recent, Coleman was named the first ever UN Youth Champion for the International Year of","title":"Monique Coleman"},{"id":"16418635","text":"the boys' mother Preeti, who is also the hotel's assistant manager and the hotel's manager Mr. Maan Singh. The show centers upon Karan and Kabir, twin brothers who live in the Raj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai with their mother, Preeti Jaiswal, an assistant manager. Similar to its parent series, The Suite Life Of Zack And Cody, the series shows the antics and mischief the boys get up to, as well as their interactions with Rani, the hotel owner's privileged and ditzy teenage daughter, Vinnie the candy-counter girl and Mr. Maan Singh, the strict and dutiful manager, who often acts as","title":"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir"},{"id":"2586590","text":"Giovonnie Samuels Giovonnie Lavette Samuels (born November 10, 1985) is an American actress and voice artist best known for her role as Nia Moseby in \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and for being a series regular on \"All That\" (where she was replaced by Kianna Underwood who replaced Jamie Lynn Spears on All That in 2005). Samuels was born in San Diego, California. She began appearing on \"All That\" during 2002, quickly becoming one of the most regularly featured actresses on the show, alongside Jamie Lynn Spears and others. Samuels also appeared in episodes of \"That's So Raven\"","title":"Giovonnie Samuels"},{"id":"8402086","text":"Sharon Jordan Sharon Jordan (born March 11, 1960) is an American actress. One of her notable roles is Irene the Concierge in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". Jordan also appeared as Irene in \"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\", the first Disney crossover special with the three shows, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", \"Hannah Montana\", and \"That's So Raven\". In addition, Jordan has co-starred on several independent films including \"Day in the Life of Doe\", \"Rift\", \"I.D.\", \"Dead End Falls\", \"Blind\", and \"Some Sunny Day\". Jordan's recurring guest star roles on","title":"Sharon Jordan"},{"id":"4828021","text":"the Cluck Bucket, an aptitude company, and the restaurant where Wayne \"dates\" London. There are even two episodes that take place in Hollywood, which includes a movie studio, LAX, a beach, Sunset Blvd, Hollywood Blvd, and the Tipton Los Angeles. The show's theme song, \"Here I Am,\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's spinoff \"The Suite Life on Deck\", as well as for fellow Disney Channel series \"Phil of the Future\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Good Luck Charlie\", \"Shake It Up\", \"Sonny with a Chance\", \"Jonas\", \"So Random!\", \"A.N.T. Farm\",","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"8627404","text":"\"The Bill Engvall Show\",\"The Jeff Foxworthy Show\" as Craig Lesko, and \"Mike & Molly\". He portrays Ty Parsec in two episodes of \"The Adventures of Buzz Lightyear of Star Command\" (2000). He performed in the Disney Channel Original Series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as Herman Spatz, in \"Good Luck Charlie\" as Marvin the bellman, and in \"Sonny with a Chance\" as Murphy the troublesome security guard. He plays a motivational workshop instructor in the HBO series \"Hung\". As Joseph the coroner, Hytner is one of two actors (the other being Christopher Walken) to appear in each of","title":"Steve Hytner"},{"id":"4828018","text":"to the minor cast, with London also attending the school in season two. In season three, London, Maddie, and Leslie no longer attend Our Lady. External shots of Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic School are of University College at the University of Toronto in Canada. Zack and Cody work at the Paul Revere mini mart for the manager, Wayne Wormser. The mini mart's motto is, \"The savings are coming! The savings are coming!\" It is across the street from another mini mart with a patriotic name and theme, The Betsy Ross Stop and Shop, which is run by Wormser's","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"4828024","text":"to look as if drawn by differently colored crayons, attached to it), which was accompanied by the Disney logo atop the title logo for the third season (all Disney Channel sitcoms made from 2007 onwards feature the Disney logo above the title logo). Starting with season two, the cast members and creators' names were displayed with a yellow glow around the text. \"The Suite Life on Deck\" is a sequel to \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", that debuted on Disney Channel on September 26, 2008, set on a cruise ship with Zack, Cody, and London attending a semester-at-sea","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"19872768","text":"Summer 2007) with 17.2 million viewers. In 2008, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\" (which became the #1 series among children between ages of 6- and 12-years-old in 2008) premiered, along with two more music-based original made-for-TV movies: \"Camp Rock\" and \"\". Capitalizing on the rising star status of the Jonas Brothers and Demi Lovato following \"Camp Rock\", two series respectively starring both acts premiered in 2009: \"Jonas\" (which was renamed Jonas L.A. for its second season before being canceled) and \"Sonny with a Chance\" (Lovato also co-starred in the original movie \"Princess","title":"History of Disney Channel"},{"id":"8684261","text":"Cameron Goodman Cameron Elizabeth Goodman (born August 24, 1984) is an American actress. She was born in Texas but grew up in Washington D.C. She attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. after transferring from Syracuse University in New York. Goodman has been in numerous films in her career, first starting out in 2002 as a freshman doing her comedic acting at Syracuse University in a show called \"SU Live\". In 2003, she left Syracuse and transferred to Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Goodman had guest roles on ABC's \"Sons & Daughters\", \"\", \"NCIS\", \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\",","title":"Cameron Goodman"},{"id":"19064786","text":"to the luxurious Tipton Hotel, when their mother Carey (Kim Rhodes) gets a job as a singer in the lounge. The hotel is managed by Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis), who has also taken care of the heiress of the Tipton empire her whole life, London Tipton (Brenda Song). The show also introduces Maddie (Ashley Tisdale), the teenage candy-counter girl at the Tipton Hotel, who despite being the complete opposite of London, ends up becoming her best friend. The show's theme song, \"Here I Am,\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"},{"id":"4279411","text":"in May 2011. They also starred in \"The Suite Life Movie\", which aired in March of the same year. They began cultivating an adult image by starring in the independent theatrical suspense film \"The Kings of Appletown\" in 2009. Dylan and Cole were two of the wealthiest children alive in 2007, and in 2010, the Sprouse brothers were the highest-paid teenage Disney television actors, earning $40,000 per episode combined. MSN reported by the end of the 2000s that the twin brothers became the richest teenage twins in the world. In 2010, the brothers were accepted to New York University. They","title":"Dylan and Cole Sprouse"},{"id":"16418636","text":"a foil to Karan and Kabir's schemes. The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir is a Disney Channel India sitcom, which premiered on 8 April 2012 to 18 August 2013. The series is an Indian adaptation of the American show \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". Starring Namit Shah, Siddharth Takkar, Shivshakti Sachdev, Tara Sutaria, Damman Baggan and Shruti Seth, the series is set in the Raj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai and centers on Karan and Kabir, trouble-making twins who live there. Other main characters include Vinnie, the candy-counter girl Vinnie; Rani","title":"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir"},{"id":"4279424","text":"filming \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", the both of them received on-set tutoring for three hours each day for school, and said they were getting \"straight A's and honors\". In their last year of high school, the brothers both took Advanced Placement classes. Dylan took AP Psychology and AP Spanish, and Cole took AP Psychology and AP Government. The twins' family has three dogs: Bubba, which belongs to Dylan and Cole; Pinky, who is their father's; and Curry, their stepmother's. Their favorite actor and co-star is Adam Sandler. Dylan has said that Adam is \"a role model in","title":"Dylan and Cole Sprouse"},{"id":"18360683","text":"Saniya Anklesaria Saniya Anklesaria is an actress who appears in Hindi films, commercials and TV shows. She is known for her role of \"Max\" in the popular Disney Channel India sitcom, \"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir\", an Indian adaptation of the American show \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"Guri Malhotra\", a recurring character on the Disney hit series \"Best of Luck Nikki\", an Indian adaptation of the American show \"Good Luck Charlie\". She also appeared in mainstream Bollywood movies, like \"Rowdy Rathore\", \"Raanjhanaa\" and \"Life's Good\". \"Saniya Anklesaria\" was born in Mumbai, India to her","title":"Saniya Anklesaria"},{"id":"19064787","text":"spinoff \"The Suite Life on Deck\", as well as for fellow Disney Channel series \"Phil of the Future\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Good Luck Charlie\", \"Shake It Up\", \"Sonny with a Chance\", \"Jonas\", \"So Random!\", \"A.N.T. Farm\", \"PrankStars\", and \"Austin & Ally\" and the ABC Kids series \"\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by Loren Ellis and the Drew Davis Band (who also performed the theme to \"Phil of the Future\", and whose performance is uncredited).","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"},{"id":"14944353","text":"where Bailey, London, Woody, and Dr. Spaulding find them. Dr. Olsen reveals that he is Dr. Spaulding's evil twin and explains that he spied on Zack and Cody earlier. After telling each other off, Zack and Cody begin to merge, but the merge is unsuccessful because the twins get into an argument that escalates into a fight, ultimately destroying the Gemini Project and freeing all the other twins from Ronald’s control. Ronald attempts to reboot the machine, but he is stopped by Cody who quickly forms a plan, and he and Zack give the special fruit to the Spaulding twins,","title":"The Suite Life Movie"},{"id":"9457644","text":"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\"). The countries in which it has been shown on the Disney Channel include Australia/New Zealand, Spain/Portugal (January 17, 2009), and Disney Channel Latin America, where it aired on January 31, 2009 before a mini-marathon of \"The Suite Life on Deck\". The film had previously had a sneak peek on Disney Channel UK, but it premiered on the channel on February 6, 2009, on the same day as \"The Suite Life on Deck\" premiere. The production company was Oak Films. The movie opens showing super star Eddie Tudor","title":"A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper"},{"id":"11538917","text":"first SS \"Tipton\" as a gift for Captain Lansferd. The show's theme song, \"Livin' the Suite Life,\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the themes for fellow Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", \"Phil of the Future\", and \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", as well as the theme for the ABC Kids series \"\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, some of which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by British singer Steve Rushton (who is","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"},{"id":"20819589","text":"London. This season features a special crossover episode titled \"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\" featuring characters from \"That's So Raven\" and \"Hannah Montana\". A one-hour special episode titled \"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\" is also apart of this season. The theme song is the same as in the first season with the opening sequence replacing a few scenes from season one with scenes from season two. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2) The second season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from February 3, 2006 to June 2,","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)"},{"id":"4828028","text":"Turkey on December 30, 2009 by Disney DVD. and Greece on September 9, 2010 by Sony Pictures. According to Amazon.com, all three seasons of the show will be released, however no release dates have been announced. Episodes in the DVD \"Lip Syncin' in the Rain\" include a French Language dub for French Canadians Like many Disney Channel Original Series, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" had a number of novels based on episodes of the series, as well as original books. The following list of novels is based on information from the Barnes & Noble website and List of","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"id":"4874648","text":"(2004) and many other productions. In 2005, Song began playing the lead female role of London Tipton in \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". The character is noted as one of the Disney Channel's longest continuous characters. Song made her transition into mainstream movies in 2010 when she appeared in the critically acclaimed film \"The Social Network\". She also starred in the short indie film \"First Kiss\". In 2012 and 2013, she had recurring roles in \"Scandal\" and \"New Girl\". In 2013–2014, she starred in the Fox TV series \"Dads\". In October 2014,","title":"Brenda Song"},{"id":"14944356","text":"funny it was\". She later went on to say that it was a good film for younger children to watch. She gave the film a 7 out of 10. The movie premiered with 5.2 million viewers. There were 780,000 viewers when it premiered in the UK and Ireland on February 17, 2012. The Suite Life Movie The Suite Life Movie is a 2011 science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Sean McNamara, written by Michael Saltzman, and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan, Matthew Timmons, John Ducey, Matthew Glave, and Phill Lewis. The Disney Channel Original Movie is","title":"The Suite Life Movie"},{"id":"17779577","text":"said of Zack and Cody, \"The characters were originally based off our personalities. In fact, they were originally named Dylan and Cole.\" Zack was born at St. Joseph's Hospital in Seattle, Washington at 6:30 on a Saturday. The year of his birth is not clear. In \"The Suite Life on Deck\" episode, \"Das Boots\", it is said to be 1993. However, in the episode of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" titled \"Poor Little Rich Girl\", a baby video of he and his brother is date-stamped September 23, 1992. The twins attended Buckner Middle School during seasons 1 &","title":"Zack Martin (Suite Life)"},{"id":"11872648","text":"Award nomination for \"Best Performance in a Television Drama Series\". She was eventually cast in her first main role in Disney Channel's \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" in 2005, which had three seasons (2005-2008). Tisdale's breakthrough role came in the 2006 television movie \"High School Musical\", which became Disney Channel's most watched movie that year. The \"High School Musical\" series became a successful franchise which included the second television movie \"High School Musical 2\" (2007), a feature film \"\" (2008), and a spin-off movie \"Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure\" (2011). She has a main role in \"Phineas & Ferb\" (2007–2015),","title":"Ashley Tisdale filmography"},{"id":"11469673","text":"Adventures in Appletown \"Adventures in Appletown (\"also known as the \"Hidden Treasure of the Mississippi)\" is a 2008 dramedy/adventure film starring twin brothers Dylan Sprouse and Cole Sprouse, written by Amanda Moresco, directed by Robert Moresco, and produced by Moresco Productions in association with Oak Films. This was the second time the brothers and Victoria Justice worked together, the first time was in an episode of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". It completed principal filming in New Braunfels, Texas and completed post production some time after that. The film is about two cousins – Will and Clayton– who","title":"Adventures in Appletown"},{"id":"7434892","text":"Stepanek was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio; from 1985–89, he attended Gilmour Academy, and went on to attend Syracuse University. Since 2002, he has been married to Parisa Stepanek, and together, they have three children. Brian Stepanek Brian Patrick Stepanek (born February 6, 1971) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his role as Arwin Hawkhauser on the Disney Channel Original Series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and Brian on \"Brian O'Brian\". He was also a Sector Seven Agent in the 2007 Michael Bay film \"Transformers\", and also had a supporting role in","title":"Brian Stepanek"},{"id":"10740449","text":"Cody Arens Cody Arens (born November 8, 1993) is an American actor and voice actor. He is the brother of Logan Arens and Skye Arens. He is most notable for the voice of Littlefoot in \"The Land Before Time\" television series based on the films and \"\" and as the role of Liam Fitzpatrick, the younger brother of Maddie Fitzpatrick, on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". He also plays as the young Ethan Kendrick in the film \"D-War\", which was released in the United States on September 14, 2007, and is the voice of young Jaster in \"Rogue","title":"Cody Arens"},{"id":"7434888","text":"Brian Stepanek Brian Patrick Stepanek (born February 6, 1971) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his role as Arwin Hawkhauser on the Disney Channel Original Series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and Brian on \"Brian O'Brian\". He was also a Sector Seven Agent in the 2007 Michael Bay film \"Transformers\", and also had a supporting role in \"The Island\". Stepanek is also known as the voice of Roger in \"Father of the Pride\" and Tom Harper on the Nickelodeon series \"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\" until 2018. He currently voices Lynn Loud Sr.","title":"Brian Stepanek"},{"id":"11538914","text":"and producers, the choice of setting was made to appeal to an international audience with different ports-of-call, such as India, Greece, Italy, Morocco, the United Kingdom and Thailand. An on-board theater serves as an \"organic\" set-up for musical numbers. Most of the action in the series occurs on board the SS \"Tipton\". However, the ship travels to a variety of places around the world which are often unfamiliar places to both Zack and Cody Martin. The SS \"Tipton\" is a cruise ship belonging to London Tipton's father. The ship had its first canon appearance in \"The Suite Life of Zack","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"},{"id":"11538921","text":"The Sprouses rejected the concept, leaving the project abandoned. \"The Suite Life on Deck\" premiered in Australia and New Zealand October 6, 2008. It is broadcast on Disney Channel and on NZ MediaWorks TV3 and FOUR. The Canadian Family Channel debuted the series October 13, 2008. VRAK.TV broadcast the series as \"La vie de croisière de Zack et Cody\" (\"The Cruise Life of Zack and Cody\") beginning August 27, 2009. The series also aired on Disney XD (Canada) beginning June 1, 2011. In Ireland, the series debuted on Disney XD September 4, 2010. Disney Channel broadcast the series in the","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"4828011\",\n \"text\": \"app. Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14, 2017. \\\"The Suite Life\\\" spawned a sequel series, also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody, called \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011. A TV movie based on both series, \\\"The Suite Life Movie\\\", premiered on Disney Channel on March 25, 2011. The show centers upon Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who live in the Tipton Hotel (parody of the Hilton Hotel) in Boston, where their mother, Carey, sings and performs in the\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19064785\",\n \"text\": \"guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Victoria Justice as Rebecca, Julia Duffy as Martha Harrington and Jesse McCartney as himself. The show was originally ordered to series for a 21-episode first season. However, after the show premiered with good ratings establishing itself as Disney’s top series in key boy demographics, and only behind \\\"That’s So Raven\\\" in kids 2-11 and 6-11, the network decided to order five additional episodes to a total of 26 episodes for the first season. Set in Boston, the show focuses on the twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody (Cole Sprouse) who move\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828010\",\n \"text\": \"Boston and centers on Zack Martin and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse), troublesome twins who live at the Tipton Hotel. The series' other main characters include the Tipton hotel's ditzy heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song), the hotel's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick (Ashley Tisdale), the manager, Mr. Marion Moseby (Phill Lewis), and the boys' single mother who is also the Hotel's lounge singer, Carey Martin (Kim Rhodes). The series is the third Disney Channel Original to have more than 65 episodes, after \\\"That's So Raven\\\" and \\\"Kim Possible\\\". Reruns aired on Disney XD and on the Watch Disney XD\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828009\",\n \"text\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award three times. The show was also a long-standing staple of the now defunct ABC Kids Saturday morning block on ABC. The series is set in the Tipton Hotel in\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4279409\",\n \"text\": \"Dylan and Cole Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse and Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) are American actors. They are twins and are referred to as the Sprouse brothers or Sprouse Bros. Their first major theatrical film role was in the 1999 comedy, \\\"Big Daddy\\\", in which they co-starred with Adam Sandler. They later appeared in several television sitcoms and starred in the straight-to-DVD films \\\"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus\\\" and \\\"Just for Kicks\\\". From 2005 until 2008, they starred in the Disney Channel sitcom \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". As a result of the series' success,\",\n \"title\": \"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20820562\",\n \"text\": \"as Corrie, Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm, Gus Hoffman as Warren and Caroline Rhea as Ilsa. Special guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Michael Clarke Duncan as Coach Little, Meaghan Jette Martin as Stacey, Mark Indelicato as Antonio, Kathy Najimy as Principal Milletidge, Kay Panabaker as Amber, Tony Hawk as himself, Jaden Smith as Travis, Drew Seeley as Geoffrey, Kelsey Chow as Dakota, Daniella Monet as Dana, Chris Brown as himself, The Cheetah Girls as themselves and Nicole Sullivan as Miss Klotz. In the season premiere, Cody graduates from Buckner Middle School, however Zack has to go to\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5364856\",\n \"text\": \"Dylan Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor and the twin brother of Cole Sprouse. He is known for his role as Zack Martin on the Disney Channel series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and its spin-off, \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Sprouse was born in Arezzo, Italy, to American parents Matthew Sprouse and Melanie Wright, while they were teaching at an English language school in Tuscany. Dylan was born 15 minutes before his younger twin brother Cole Sprouse. Four months after his birth, the family moved back to their parents' native Long\",\n \"title\": \"Dylan Sprouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14944348\",\n \"text\": \"peek was shown during the Disney Channel \\\"Shake It Up\\\" New Year's event. After making plans to spend spring break with his girlfriend Bailey Pickett (Debby Ryan), Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) decides to leave the SS \\\"Tipton\\\", a large cruise ship where he attends school, to work as an intern for Dr. Donald Spaulding (John Ducey) at a prestigious research firm instead. He does so in hopes of obtaining a scholarship to Yale. When Cody's twin brother Zack (Dylan Sprouse) reveals Cody's plans to Bailey before Cody could, she becomes infuriated that Cody canceled his plans with her and refuses\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5364861\",\n \"text\": \"Cole Sprouse Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor, and twin brother of Dylan Sprouse. He is known for his role as Cody Martin on the Disney Channel series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and its spinoff \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". , Sprouse stars as Jughead Jones on The CW television series \\\"Riverdale\\\". Cole Mitchell Sprouse was born in Arezzo, Italy, to American parents Matthew Sprouse and Melanie Wright, while they were teaching at an English language school in Tuscany. Cole was born 15 minutes after his older twin brother Dylan Sprouse. Cole\",\n \"title\": \"Cole Sprouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5578620\",\n \"text\": \"Kim Rhodes Kimberly Rhodes (born June 7, 1969) is an American actress, who portrayed the role of \\\"Cindy Harrison\\\" on two different soap operas, \\\"Another World\\\" (1992–96) and \\\"As the World Turns\\\" (2000–01), as well as Carey Martin in the Disney Channel sitcom \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" (2005–08) and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" (2008–11), where she played the mother of twins Zack and Cody (Dylan and Cole Sprouse). She is also known for playing Sheriff Jody Mills on \\\"Supernatural\\\" (2010–). Rhodes was born and raised in Portland, Oregon. She graduated from Benson Polytechnic High School, and\",\n \"title\": \"Kim Rhodes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14838044\",\n \"text\": \"it became the most watched pilot in Canada and on the Family network, also outpacing veteran series \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" and \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" with the ratings. Hotel heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song) and twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) are to attend a new semester in Seven Seas High School on the SS \\\"Tipton\\\", a cruise ship owned by Wilfred Tipton (voiced by Bob Joles and played by Adam Tait in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody; played by John Michael Higgins in the special Suite Life On Deck episode \\\"Twister\\\"). (which was seen in\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Sets Sail\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14944347\",\n \"text\": \"The Suite Life Movie The Suite Life Movie is a 2011 science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Sean McNamara, written by Michael Saltzman, and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan, Matthew Timmons, John Ducey, Matthew Glave, and Phill Lewis. The Disney Channel Original Movie is based on the pair of Disney Channel sitcoms \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. Dylan and Cole Sprouse were also executive producers for the movie. The film premiered on March 25, 2011 on the Disney Channel. A sneak\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828031\",\n \"text\": \"for the show was announced to be released around Summer 2008. It would have featured songs from and inspired from the show, including songs from Ashley Tisdale, Brenda Song, Jesse McCartney, and Raven-Symoné. This idea was scrapped as of 2017. The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20820560\",\n \"text\": \"Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. The returning recurring characters who were introduced in previous seasons, include: Adrian R'Mante as Esteban, Brian Stepanek as Arwin, Sophie Oda as Barbara, Aaron Musicant as Lance, Sammi Hanratty as Holly, Bo Crutcher as Skippy, Tyler Steelman as Mark, Charlie Stewart as Bob, Robert Torti as Kurt, Brittany Curran as Chelsea, Patrick Bristow as Patrick, Camilla & Rebecca Rosso as Jessica and Janice, Anthony Acker as Norman, Sharon Jordan as Irene, Marianne Muellerleile as Sister Dominick, Jerry Kernion as Chef Paolo, Ernie Grunwald as Mr.\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9923316\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"How Suite It Is\\\". They stay at the Tipton in Los Angeles, which is largely identical to the one in Boston, and they meet the cast of the show: Zack and Cody are portrayed by two young boys, Carey by a young lady, Maddie by a pretty girl who pretends to like her, London by a boy, and Moseby by a tall man who talks with street slang. The producers think that the twins playing Zack and Cody are too young, and it is decided that the real Zack and Cody should play themselves. This is something the twins see\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20819587\",\n \"text\": \"there are also new characters introduced: Camilla & Rebecca Rosso as Jessica and Janice, Bo Crutcher as Skippy, Marianne Muellerleile as Sister Dominick, Vanessa Hudgens as Corrie, Jerry Kernion as Chef Paolo, Sammi Hanratty as Holly, Tyler Steelman as Mark, Brittany Curran as Chelsea, Kaycee Stroh as Leslie and Alexa Nikolas as Tiffany. Not returning for this season are the following characters: Estelle Harris as Muriel and Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm. Special guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Zac Efron as Trevor, Moises Arias as Randall, D. C. Douglas as Interviewer, Kathryn Joosten as Grandma Marilyn, Raven-Symoné\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20819586\",\n \"text\": \"Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. This season a lot of returning recurring characters who were introduced in season one return, such as: Adrian R'Mante as Esteban, Charlie Stewart as Bob, Brian Stepanek as Arwin, Monique Coleman as Mary Margaret, Sophie Oda as Barbara, Patrick Bristow as Patrick, Aaron Musicant as Lance, Allie Grant as Agnes, Anthony Acker as Norman, Sharon Jordan as Irene, Alyson Stoner as Max, Gus Hoffman as Warren, Robert Torti as Kurt, Caroline Rhea as Ilsa and Ernie Grunwald as Mr. Forgess. Alongside the old recurring cast\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19064790\",\n \"text\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1) The first season of \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005 to January 27, 2006. The season introduces Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19064783\",\n \"text\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1) The first season of \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005 to January 27, 2006. The season introduces Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19064784\",\n \"text\": \"foil to Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. In the show's first season there are several recurring characters introduced: Adrian R'Mante as Esteban, Brian Stepanek as Arwin, Charlie Stewart as Bob, Estelle Harris as Muriel, Aaron Musicant as Lance, Sophie Oda as Barbara, Patrick Bristow as Patrick, Monique Coleman as Mary Margaret, Alyson Stoner as Max, Robert Torti as Kurt, Anthony Acker as Norman, Sharon Jordan as Irene, Allie Grant as Agnes, Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm, Caroline Rhea as Ilsa, Gus Hoffman as Warren and Ernie Grunwald as Mr. Forgess. Special\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17779576\",\n \"text\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and its sequel/spin-off \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \\\"That's So Raven\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", \\\"I'm in the Band\\\", \\\"So Random!\\\" and the special, \\\"\\\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \\\"Big Daddy\\\" and staying in a hotel for four months. Sprouse\",\n \"title\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828022\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"PrankStars\\\", and \\\"Austin & Ally\\\" and the ABC Kids series \\\"\\\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by Loren Ellis and the Drew Davis Band (who also performed the theme to \\\"Phil of the Future\\\", and whose performance is uncredited). The theme was remixed for the ending credits of \\\"Rock Star in the House\\\" in a form similar to \\\"Beautiful Soul\\\" to accompany the episode's guest appearance of Jesse McCartney. The opening title sequence to the show\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4279417\",\n \"text\": \"in the Disney Channel original series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", where they portrayed identical twins Zack and Cody Martin, respectively. The series, which debuted in March 2005, became a ratings success. As part of their involvement with Disney, the brothers also became part of the 11-member group, the Disney Channel Circle of Stars, and sang the song \\\"A Dream is a Wish Your Heart Makes\\\" along with the members of the circle, for a video that was released as bonus material in the special edition version of the Disney film \\\"Cinderella\\\". They also participated in the Disney\",\n \"title\": \"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5364864\",\n \"text\": \"on more roles as separate characters but often still worked on the same projects. Their first role as separate characters in the same production was as kids in a \\\"MADtv\\\" sketch. Sprouse portrayed Cody Martin in the 2005 Disney Channel original series, \\\"The Suite Life of Zack and Cody\\\" alongside his brother; he reprised the role in the show's 2008 spinoff, \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" and its related film. On February 9, 2016, Sprouse was cast as Jughead Jones in The CW's teen drama series \\\"Riverdale\\\", based on the characters of \\\"Archie Comics\\\". Sprouse will star in \\\"Five Feet\",\n \"title\": \"Cole Sprouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20819585\",\n \"text\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2) The second season of \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" aired on Disney Channel from February 3, 2006 to June 2, 2007. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5578623\",\n \"text\": \"Tabitha, with whom Rhodes was pregnant at the end of \\\"<nowiki>Suite Life'</nowiki>\\\"s run. Kim Rhodes Kimberly Rhodes (born June 7, 1969) is an American actress, who portrayed the role of \\\"Cindy Harrison\\\" on two different soap operas, \\\"Another World\\\" (1992–96) and \\\"As the World Turns\\\" (2000–01), as well as Carey Martin in the Disney Channel sitcom \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" (2005–08) and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" (2008–11), where she played the mother of twins Zack and Cody (Dylan and Cole Sprouse). She is also known for playing Sheriff Jody Mills on \\\"Supernatural\\\" (2010–). Rhodes was born\",\n \"title\": \"Kim Rhodes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6243159\",\n \"text\": \"Cody Martin Cody Martin (played by Cole Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and its sequel/spin-off \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Cody also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \\\"That's So Raven\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", \\\"I'm in the Band\\\", \\\"So Random!\\\" and the special, \\\"\\\". Dylan Sprouse stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something he and his brother came up with when they were shooting \\\"Big Daddy\\\" and stayed in a hotel for\",\n \"title\": \"Cody Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9392729\",\n \"text\": \"Camilla and Rebecca Rosso Camilla \\\"Milly\\\" Rosso and Rebecca \\\"Becky\\\" Rosso (born 6 July 1994) are British twin actresses and singers from London. They are best known for their roles as Janice (Milly) and Jessica (Becky) Ellis on \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", and for their roles as Annabelle \\\"Annie\\\" (Milly) and Isabelle \\\"Izzy\\\" (Becky) Woods in \\\"Legally Blondes\\\" (2009). Milly is a minute younger than Becky. They have three other sisters, Bianca, Georgina, and Lola. Milly and Becky were discovered when they were picked out of the audience by one of the executive producers of \\\"The Suite\",\n \"title\": \"Camilla and Rebecca Rosso\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4279410\",\n \"text\": \"the media has termed them \\\"heartthrobs\\\" and \\\"overwhelming draws\\\" among preteen and teen audiences. The following year, the brothers launched a franchise known as the Sprouse Bros brand, which included a clothing line, book series and magazine. The majority of the Sprouses' franchise ended in 2008, except for their clothing line. \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" was retooled in 2008 as \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", in which the brothers reprised their roles as Zack and Cody. \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" went on to become the most-watched tween/children's television show in 2008 and 2009. The show ended\",\n \"title\": \"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828014\",\n \"text\": \"appeared more than once is included at list of recurring characters in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. The 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike resulted in the series being on hiatus. When the strike ended, new episodes began airing on April 19, 2008. The show eventually ended for good with its series finale, a total of three seasons and 87 episodes on September 1, 2008. The episode \\\"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\\\" is the second part of a three-way crossover that begins on \\\"That's So Raven\\\" and concludes on \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". Raven Baxter meets Zack and\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7232903\",\n \"text\": \"Carey Martin Carey Marie Martin (played by Kim Rhodes) is a fictional character in the Disney Channel sitcom, \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Carey is a headlining singer at the Tipton Hotel as well as the mother of Zack and Cody. She is a divorced mother, wise, kind, but strict, and seems to love the twins a lot. She is sometimes over-protective of her sons, which they hate, but does it for good reason. Arwin Hawkhauser has an obsessive crush on her. She has a younger sister who is never seen, and\",\n \"title\": \"Carey Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14838043\",\n \"text\": \"The Suite Life Sets Sail \\\"The Suite Life Sets Sail\\\" is the pilot episode of the popular Disney Channel sitcom \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", sequel and spin-off to the original series. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, close friends with Zack, girlfriend to Cody and roommate with London, as well as Ashley Tisdale leaving the main cast due to Maddie Fitzpatrick having to attend college. After an original sequel named \\\"Arwin!\\\" was not picked up by Disney Channel, the creators decided to change the concept. The series premiere in the United States drew 5.7 million viewers, and\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Sets Sail\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20819588\",\n \"text\": \"as Raven Baxter, Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana, Selena Gomez as Gwen, Kumiko Mori as herself, Mindy Sterling as Sister Rose, Cheryl Burke as Shannon, Tahj Mowry as Brandon, Tom Poston as Merle, Nathan Kress as Jamie, Daryl Mitchell as Daryl, The Veronicas as themselves. During this new season, we see Zack and Cody on their last year of middle school in Buckner Middle School; and their adventures as Tipton Hotel residents. We also finally see Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic School, the school Maddie and Mary Margaret attended during season one, and is now also being attended by\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20820559\",\n \"text\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3) The third season of \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" aired on Disney Channel from July 23, 2007 to September 1, 2008. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5495665\",\n \"text\": \"the main cast of the Disney Channel series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" in 2005, and would continue to star in the show until 2008. The show proved to be a hit for the network, and earned Tisdale a Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards. Tisdale had her breakout role as Sharpay Evans in the Disney Channel film \\\"High School Musical\\\" (2006). The film was the network's most successful film of 2006, receiving 7.7 million viewers upon its premiere. The soundtrack for the film, featuring numerous contributions from Tisdale, went on to sell over three million copies in the\",\n \"title\": \"Ashley Tisdale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17779586\",\n \"text\": \"combine them into a single personality, they try to escape. Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and its sequel/spin-off \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \\\"That's So Raven\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", \\\"I'm in the Band\\\", \\\"So Random!\\\" and the special, \\\"\\\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \\\"Big\",\n \"title\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14944349\",\n \"text\": \"to speak to him. Meanwhile, Zack asks Cody for his car, which their parents will give to Cody when he goes to college, but Cody refuses. However, after Zack runs a billion-dollar submarine into the seawall in an attempt to impress a cute science assistant, and Cody does the same trying to stop him, the equipment is lost and Cody is kicked out of the program and fired. Furious, Cody disowns Zack and vows to never forgive him, claiming they may be twins, but they definitely are not brothers. Elsewhere, London Tipton (Brenda Song) accidentally eats a fruit given to\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828017\",\n \"text\": \"shows \\\"The Mall\\\" area that's located in Lincoln Park High School, in Chicago, Illinois. Some of the students that attend Buckner were Max, Bob, and Agnes. Carey would come sit outside of the detention area while Zack was being punished. She said when she was outside the principal's office at Cheevers High that, \\\"Thanks to Zack, I knitted 32 sweaters and an afghan.\\\" The name comes from former-Boston Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner. Maddie and Mary Margaret (Monique Coleman) attended this private school in season one. Later in season two, Corrie (Vanessa Hudgens) and Leslie (Kaycee Stroh) were added\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11538920\",\n \"text\": \"had pitched an idea to the Disney Channel about continuing the \\\"Suite Life\\\" series. The show would see Zack and Cody return to the Tipton Hotel in Boston to live with their mother, and would become mentors to a boy who lived with his father at the hotel. Disney rejected the idea initially, but contacted the twins a year later with an edited concept that retained the boy and his father storyline, but Zack and Cody would move to a Miami hotel instead, Selena Gomez would also star and the twins would not get producer credits like they had requested.\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828027\",\n \"text\": \"2011. Then it become Toon Disney's first live-action comedy program in 2008. After Toon Disney's closing, they showed reruns on Disney XD. As of June 22, 2015, re-runs air on Disney Channel from 1-2 am eastern and from 4-5 am eastern. As of Fall 2015, re-runs air on Disney Channel at 1:30am eastern and 4:30am eastern. \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" is broadcast on the following stations (and many others) around the world: All episodes of the show are available on iTunes and Zune. The Complete First Season was released to Germany and Brazil on November 13, 2008.\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11538907\",\n \"text\": \"The Suite Life on Deck The Suite Life on Deck is an American sitcom that aired on Disney Channel from September 26, 2008 to May 6, 2011. It is a sequel/spin-off of the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". The series follows twin brothers Zack and Cody Martin and hotel heiress London Tipton in a new setting, the SS \\\"Tipton\\\", where they attend classes at \\\"Seven Seas High School\\\" and meet Bailey Pickett while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. The ship travels around the world to nations such as Italy, France, Greece, India, Sweden and\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9392730\",\n \"text\": \"Life of Zack & Cody\\\" at a live taping of the show. They appeared in a total seven episodes of the show and then appeared in one episode of the spin-off \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" in March 2010. The twins starred as the main roles in the film \\\"Legally Blondes\\\", which was released direct-to-DVD on 28 April 2009 as a sequel to \\\"Legally Blonde\\\". They sang \\\"Lucky Girl\\\" for the film. \\\"Legally Blondes\\\" was produced by Reese Witherspoon, the star of the original \\\"Legally Blonde\\\". Milly and Becky were part of an all-girl group called \\\"The Rosso Sisters\\\", along\",\n \"title\": \"Camilla and Rebecca Rosso\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828023\",\n \"text\": \"begins with a shot of the Tipton Hotel's ground floor exterior, which then zooms to a window on what is presumed to be the 23rd Floor of the hotel (where Zack, Cody and Carey's suite is), which then displays clips from various episodes (which were updated for each season), with five clips featuring each cast member being shown after the computerized Tipton hotel exterior shoots from window to window. The sequence then closes with the show's title logo (a door plaque with the words \\\"The Suite Life\\\" with a piece of paper with the words \\\"of Zack and Cody\\\", made\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828025\",\n \"text\": \"program, while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, who becomes Zack and Cody's friend (and Cody's girlfriend) and London's friend and roommate. The series also introduces Doc Shaw as Marcus Little, a former superstar who lost his fame after his voice changed. While an attempted spin-off, \\\"Arwin!\\\", which was to star Selena Gomez and Brian Stepanek, was not picked up by Disney Channel, \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" skipped the pilot process and went straight to the series. On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production has begun for a Disney Channel\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16418634\",\n \"text\": \"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir is a Disney Channel India sitcom, which premiered on 8 April 2012 to 18 August 2013. The series is an Indian adaptation of the American show \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". Starring Namit Shah, Siddharth Takkar, Shivshakti Sachdev, Tara Sutaria, Damman Baggan and Shruti Seth, the series is set in the Raj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai and centers on Karan and Kabir, trouble-making twins who live there. Other main characters include Vinnie, the candy-counter girl Vinnie; Rani Oberoi, the daughter of the hotel's owner;\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828015\",\n \"text\": \"Cody as she visits the Tipton Hotel to do a photo shoot promoting a new fashion line for boys, only to have a troubling psychic vision of Cody. In the meantime, London refuses to wear one of Raven's original designs until Hannah Montana stops by and shows an interest in the fashions. The Tipton Hotel is where Zack, Cody, Carey, and London all live, and where the majority of the other characters in the series work. It is the main setting for the series. The Tipton Hotel is located in Boston, Massachusetts. Hotel Vancouver is used for the exterior of\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828012\",\n \"text\": \"hotel lounge. However, it also centers upon the hotel owner's teenage daughter, London Tipton (A parody of Paris Hilton), who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. The show is often set at the Tipton Hotel, but has other settings such as Zack and Cody's school, Cheevers High, and Maddie and London's private school, Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic. Zack and Cody often get\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14944351\",\n \"text\": \"world. By doing this, according to Dr. Olsen, he must form a bond between twins. Over the course of the project, which uses the same fruit as Dr. Spaulding's experiments, Zack and Cody form a bond: first a physical bond, in which they can sense what the other is feeling, then empathy, or an emotional bond. After they develop these bonds, they overhear a conversation that reveals Dr. Olsen has evil intentions. Meanwhile, Bailey discovers Cody's letter and reads it. She realizes Cody only wanted to obtain a scholarship to Yale and goes with London and Woody (Matthew Timmons) to\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20820566\",\n \"text\": \"same night as \\\"High School Musical 2\\\" and is about a school production of \\\"High School Musical\\\". The theme song is the same as in previous seasons, with the opening sequence replacing a few scenes with new ones from season three. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3) The third season of \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" aired on Disney Channel from July 23, 2007 to September 1, 2008. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5495657\",\n \"text\": \"Ashley Tisdale Ashley Michelle Tisdale (born July 2, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and film producer. During her childhood, Tisdale was featured in over 100 advertisements and had minor roles in television and theatre. She achieved mainstream success as Maddie Fitzpatrick in the Disney Channel series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". This success was heightened when she starred as Sharpay Evans in the \\\"High School Musical\\\" franchise. The film series proved to be a huge success for Disney and earned a large following. The success of the films led to Tisdale signing with Warner Bros. Records, releasing\",\n \"title\": \"Ashley Tisdale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5574049\",\n \"text\": \"Phill Lewis Phill Lewis (born 1968) is an American actor, director, and comedian, best known for his role as Mr. Moseby on the Disney Channel series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and its spin-off, \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Lewis has also made appearances on popular TV shows such as \\\"Lizzie McGuire, Friends, The Wayans Bros\\\" and \\\"Scrubs\\\". Lewis was born in 1968 in Uganda. At the time, his father, former U.S. Ambassador Delano Lewis, was serving as the Peace Corps' associate director and country director for Nigeria and Uganda. Lewis has three brothers. Lewis was cast in\",\n \"title\": \"Phill Lewis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828013\",\n \"text\": \"in trouble (sometimes unintentionally) and come up with witty ideas to get out of it. Throughout the series' run, Brenda Song was absent for two episodes while Ashley Tisdale was absent from twelve episodes. All other main cast members appeared in all 87 episodes. Below is a list of cast members who have appeared in significant roles as recurring characters throughout the series. Each of the cast members listed has appeared in between 6 and 45 episodes and the list is ordered according to the number of episodes credited (highest number first). A complete list of all characters who have\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14944354\",\n \"text\": \"who finally understand each other by telepathically discovering they wanted to be like each other all along. Mr. Moseby comes in with the police who arrest Ronald. Zack and Cody now understand that they make a \\\"pretty good team.\\\" Afterward, Cody and Bailey have reconciled and visited landmarks together and Zack is driving his car, which Cody finally agreed to let him have. On the dock, Zack parks the car in a shipping area and sees his friends and brother on the SS \\\"Tipton\\\". Unfortunately, the car is crushed by a shipping crate containing London's summer clothes. While Zack stares\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19064788\",\n \"text\": \"The theme was remixed for the ending credits of \\\"Rock Star in the House\\\" in a form similar to \\\"Beautiful Soul\\\" to accompany the episode's guest appearance of Jesse McCartney. The opening title sequence to the show begins with a shot of the Tipton Hotel's ground floor exterior, which then zooms to a window on what is presumed to be the 23rd Floor of the hotel (where Zack, Cody and Carey's suite is), which then displays clips from various episodes (which were updated for each season), with five clips featuring each cast member being shown after the computerized Tipton hotel\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6916581\",\n \"text\": \"numerous TV movies. He also guest-starred on \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" as Harry O'Neal, a guest who conned the Tipton staff into giving him free stuff. He also guest-starred in \\\"90210\\\" as the date of Annie's and Dixon's mother. Lutes was born in Woonsocket, Rhode Island and raised in Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Claire, an astrologer and psychiatric nurse, and John Lutes, an artist. He attended Chariho High School where he was a member of the Chariho Boys Track Team. Eric Lutes Eric Lutes (born August 19, 1962) is an American actor, known for his\",\n \"title\": \"Eric Lutes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828019\",\n \"text\": \"business enemy and fierce rival. The summer camp where Maddie works over the summer. The only part of the camp shown is the cabin in which Maddie and the young girls stay. Where Zack, Cody, London, Maddie, and Nia attend along with other students including Barbara, Bob, and Mark. This setting was used in \\\"Lip Synchin' in the Rain,\\\" \\\"First Day of High School,\\\" \\\"Orchestra,\\\" and \\\"Benchwarmers.\\\" John Marshall High School (Los Angeles, California) is shown in a snapshot as Cheevers High School. Scenes also take place in several other places in Boston, including Fenway Park, a movie theater, Maddie's\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20820561\",\n \"text\": \"Forgess, Kaycee Stroh as Leslie and Alexa Nikolas as Tiffany. After being absent in season two and in almost every season three episode, Estelle Harris returns in the series finale as Muriel. Alongside the old recurring cast there are also new characters introduced: Giovonnie Samuels as Nia Moseby, Kara Taitz as Millicent, Cierra Ramirez as Jasmine, Hannah Leigh Dworkin as Amy, Jaelin Palmer as Leah, Jareb Dauplaise as Wayne and Tara Lynne Barr as Haley. Not returning for this season are the following cast members: Monique Coleman as Mary Margaret, Alyson Stoner as Max, Allie Grant as Agnes, Vanessa Hudgens\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828026\",\n \"text\": \"Original Movie based on \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". \\\"The Suite Life Movie\\\" premiered on the Disney Channel in the United States and Canada on March 25, 2011. \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" eventually ended on May 6, 2011. An Indian adaptation of the show, titled \\\"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir\\\", premiered on Disney Channel India on April 8, 2012. It ran for two seasons and ended on January 19, 2014. In 2005, ABC's child block ABC Kids aired The Suite Life of Zack and Cody until its closing in\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11538912\",\n \"text\": \"ever, we decided to find a new way for Zack, Cody, London, and Mr. Moseby to live 'The Suite Life' in a whole new setting – this time aboard a luxury cruise liner.\\\" The series original creator, Danny Kallis was announced to be involved with the project. The elements from the original series remain the same though the setting is completely different. In December 2008, it was reported that the Disney Channel had renewed the series for a thirteen episode second season. On May 11, 2009, Disney issued a press release stating that the second season had been extended to\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14944352\",\n \"text\": \"find him. At the institute, London learns from a dolphin that Zack and Cody are at the Gemini Project and alerts Dr. Spaulding who claims that the Martin twins may be in danger. Bailey calls the manager of the SS \\\"Tipton\\\", Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis), to the site of the Gemini Project while they all go to save Zack and Cody. During this time, the brothers attempt to flee the island and the army of twins, who are now mind-controlled to go after the two. The army succeeds, as Zack and Cody are captured and taken back to the laboratory,\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17779582\",\n \"text\": \"mother, as seen in \\\"Lip-Syncing in the Rain\\\" and \\\"Sleepover Suite\\\". He generally prefers the electric guitar, but is not skilled in other instruments. In the first season, Zack is a huge troublemaker. He generally starts devious schemes, and Cody only complies reluctantly. Cody works as a bag boy at the Paul Revere minimart over the summer during the third season. It becomes a setting and theme for some episodes, most notably \\\"Summer of Our Discontent\\\", \\\"Sink or Swim\\\", \\\"Who's the Boss?\\\" and \\\"Baggage\\\". Zack initially shares a room with Bailey Pickett, a smart and intelligent student, who's a girl\",\n \"title\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17779581\",\n \"text\": \"time of \\\"On Deck.\\\" After traveling around the nation, the twins and their mother Carey arrive in Boston, which becomes their home until \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". He and Cody become friends with Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Zack develops an on-and-off crush on her. Zack even keeps a picture of her in his room when he moves to the SS \\\"Tipton\\\". During the \\\"On Deck\\\" episode \\\"Maddie On Deck\\\", Maddie flirts with Zack a bit while visiting and even kisses him to give him confidence. Like Cody, he inherits musical talents from his parents. He has singing talents like his\",\n \"title\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828016\",\n \"text\": \"the hotel. In the episode \\\"Let Us Entertain You\\\", Zack, Cody, and Carey spent a week vacationing on board the SS \\\"Tipton\\\". It is also the setting of the sequel series, \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". The first time the SS \\\"Tipton\\\" is referenced is in the episode, \\\"To Catch a Thief\\\". While Maddie talks to London on the phone a life preserver with the words \\\"S.S. Tipton\\\" can be seen in the background. The twins' Middle School. The school's mascot is a badger. In the scene outside of the school where a few students are walking between two buildings\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8335167\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". In addition, he has made guest appearances on numerous series. Robert Torti Robert Felix Torti (born October 22, 1961) is an American actor. Torti was born in Van Nuys, California. He married DeLee Lively on June 24, 1999. Together, they have three children: Zachary, Faith and Chloe. Torti originated the roles of Jesus and Jack in both the New York City and Los Angeles stage productions of \\\"Reefer Madness\\\". Earlier in his career, Torti was honored with a Tony Award nomination for his performance as Greaseball in\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Torti\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2076435\",\n \"text\": \"Biggest Loser\\\" on NBC, and for playing Noleta Nethercott on the TV series \\\"\\\" for Logo, which has recently been rebooted as a feature called \\\"A Very Sordid Wedding\\\", which premiered in March 2017 in Palm Springs. In 2004, she appeared in the cult-classics Disney's \\\"Mom's Got a Date with a Vampire\\\" and in \\\"Christmas with the Kranks.\\\" In 2005, Rhea appeared in \\\"The Perfect Man\\\", playing a co-worker of Jean (Heather Locklear) and had a recurring role on the hit Disney Channel Original Series, \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" as Ilsa Shickelgubermeiger-Von Helsing der Keppelugerhofer, an inspector\",\n \"title\": \"Caroline Rhea\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7232907\",\n \"text\": \"however, the show didn't incorporate it in the series. Carey was seen putting her hand on her stomach and she did have a bump at the show's end. Carey Martin Carey Marie Martin (played by Kim Rhodes) is a fictional character in the Disney Channel sitcom, \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Carey is a headlining singer at the Tipton Hotel as well as the mother of Zack and Cody. She is a divorced mother, wise, kind, but strict, and seems to love the twins a lot. She is sometimes over-protective of her\",\n \"title\": \"Carey Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11538911\",\n \"text\": \"and its parent series titled \\\"The Suite Life Movie\\\" aired on the Disney Channel. The series' forty-minute finale episode, \\\"Graduation on Deck\\\", aired on Disney Channel on May 6, 2011, officially ending the series. On February 4, 2008, it was announced that the Disney Channel was developing a new contemporary sequel to the Disney channel sitcom \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". The announcement was made by Gary Marsh, the President of the Disney Channel. He stated, \\\"Our audience has shown us that after 88 episodes, 'The Suite Life of Zack & Cody' remains one of their favorite sitcoms\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16461502\",\n \"text\": \"James Snyder (actor) James Randall Snyder (born February 7, 1981) is an American stage, film, and television actor and singer. He graduated from Christian Brothers High School in Sacramento, California and received his with a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the USC School of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles, where he was a member of the SoCal VoCals, USC's premiere a cappella group. Since 2002, Snyder has appeared on numerous television shows. His television credits include the television film, Anna's Dream, and the TV series Married to the Kellys, Gilmore Girls, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, Related, Without\",\n \"title\": \"James Snyder (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11538919\",\n \"text\": \"concert in Hawaii featuring Hannah Montana, who has boarded the SS \\\"Tipton\\\". In the meantime, the Russo siblings enjoy a cruise of their own until Alex pulls a prank that causes Justin to turn blue. On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production had begun for a Disney Channel Original Movie based on \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". \\\"The Suite Life Movie\\\" premiered on the Disney Channel in the United States and Canada on March 25, 2011. In 2013, during an interview with \\\"Gawker\\\", Dylan Sprouse revealed he and his brother\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7411170\",\n \"text\": \"Monique Coleman Adrienne Monique Jordan (née Coleman; born November 13, 1980), known professionally as Monique Coleman, is an American actress, dancer, singer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist best known for her co-starring role in Disney's \\\"High School Musical\\\" movies, in which she plays Taylor McKessie. Coleman also had a recurring role on \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", as a school girl named Mary–Margaret, along with Ashley Tisdale. She also competed in the third edition of ABC's \\\"Dancing with the Stars\\\", finishing in fourth place. Most recent, Coleman was named the first ever UN Youth Champion for the International Year of\",\n \"title\": \"Monique Coleman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16418635\",\n \"text\": \"the boys' mother Preeti, who is also the hotel's assistant manager and the hotel's manager Mr. Maan Singh. The show centers upon Karan and Kabir, twin brothers who live in the Raj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai with their mother, Preeti Jaiswal, an assistant manager. Similar to its parent series, The Suite Life Of Zack And Cody, the series shows the antics and mischief the boys get up to, as well as their interactions with Rani, the hotel owner's privileged and ditzy teenage daughter, Vinnie the candy-counter girl and Mr. Maan Singh, the strict and dutiful manager, who often acts as\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2586590\",\n \"text\": \"Giovonnie Samuels Giovonnie Lavette Samuels (born November 10, 1985) is an American actress and voice artist best known for her role as Nia Moseby in \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and for being a series regular on \\\"All That\\\" (where she was replaced by Kianna Underwood who replaced Jamie Lynn Spears on All That in 2005). Samuels was born in San Diego, California. She began appearing on \\\"All That\\\" during 2002, quickly becoming one of the most regularly featured actresses on the show, alongside Jamie Lynn Spears and others. Samuels also appeared in episodes of \\\"That's So Raven\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Giovonnie Samuels\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8402086\",\n \"text\": \"Sharon Jordan Sharon Jordan (born March 11, 1960) is an American actress. One of her notable roles is Irene the Concierge in the Disney Channel sitcom \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". Jordan also appeared as Irene in \\\"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\\\", the first Disney crossover special with the three shows, \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", and \\\"That's So Raven\\\". In addition, Jordan has co-starred on several independent films including \\\"Day in the Life of Doe\\\", \\\"Rift\\\", \\\"I.D.\\\", \\\"Dead End Falls\\\", \\\"Blind\\\", and \\\"Some Sunny Day\\\". Jordan's recurring guest star roles on\",\n \"title\": \"Sharon Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828021\",\n \"text\": \"the Cluck Bucket, an aptitude company, and the restaurant where Wayne \\\"dates\\\" London. There are even two episodes that take place in Hollywood, which includes a movie studio, LAX, a beach, Sunset Blvd, Hollywood Blvd, and the Tipton Los Angeles. The show's theme song, \\\"Here I Am,\\\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's spinoff \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", as well as for fellow Disney Channel series \\\"Phil of the Future\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Good Luck Charlie\\\", \\\"Shake It Up\\\", \\\"Sonny with a Chance\\\", \\\"Jonas\\\", \\\"So Random!\\\", \\\"A.N.T. Farm\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8627404\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Bill Engvall Show\\\",\\\"The Jeff Foxworthy Show\\\" as Craig Lesko, and \\\"Mike & Molly\\\". He portrays Ty Parsec in two episodes of \\\"The Adventures of Buzz Lightyear of Star Command\\\" (2000). He performed in the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" as Herman Spatz, in \\\"Good Luck Charlie\\\" as Marvin the bellman, and in \\\"Sonny with a Chance\\\" as Murphy the troublesome security guard. He plays a motivational workshop instructor in the HBO series \\\"Hung\\\". As Joseph the coroner, Hytner is one of two actors (the other being Christopher Walken) to appear in each of\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Hytner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828018\",\n \"text\": \"to the minor cast, with London also attending the school in season two. In season three, London, Maddie, and Leslie no longer attend Our Lady. External shots of Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic School are of University College at the University of Toronto in Canada. Zack and Cody work at the Paul Revere mini mart for the manager, Wayne Wormser. The mini mart's motto is, \\\"The savings are coming! The savings are coming!\\\" It is across the street from another mini mart with a patriotic name and theme, The Betsy Ross Stop and Shop, which is run by Wormser's\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828024\",\n \"text\": \"to look as if drawn by differently colored crayons, attached to it), which was accompanied by the Disney logo atop the title logo for the third season (all Disney Channel sitcoms made from 2007 onwards feature the Disney logo above the title logo). Starting with season two, the cast members and creators' names were displayed with a yellow glow around the text. \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" is a sequel to \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", that debuted on Disney Channel on September 26, 2008, set on a cruise ship with Zack, Cody, and London attending a semester-at-sea\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19872768\",\n \"text\": \"Summer 2007) with 17.2 million viewers. In 2008, \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" spin-off \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" (which became the #1 series among children between ages of 6- and 12-years-old in 2008) premiered, along with two more music-based original made-for-TV movies: \\\"Camp Rock\\\" and \\\"\\\". Capitalizing on the rising star status of the Jonas Brothers and Demi Lovato following \\\"Camp Rock\\\", two series respectively starring both acts premiered in 2009: \\\"Jonas\\\" (which was renamed Jonas L.A. for its second season before being canceled) and \\\"Sonny with a Chance\\\" (Lovato also co-starred in the original movie \\\"Princess\",\n \"title\": \"History of Disney Channel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8684261\",\n \"text\": \"Cameron Goodman Cameron Elizabeth Goodman (born August 24, 1984) is an American actress. She was born in Texas but grew up in Washington D.C. She attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. after transferring from Syracuse University in New York. Goodman has been in numerous films in her career, first starting out in 2002 as a freshman doing her comedic acting at Syracuse University in a show called \\\"SU Live\\\". In 2003, she left Syracuse and transferred to Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Goodman had guest roles on ABC's \\\"Sons & Daughters\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"NCIS\\\", \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Cameron Goodman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19064786\",\n \"text\": \"to the luxurious Tipton Hotel, when their mother Carey (Kim Rhodes) gets a job as a singer in the lounge. The hotel is managed by Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis), who has also taken care of the heiress of the Tipton empire her whole life, London Tipton (Brenda Song). The show also introduces Maddie (Ashley Tisdale), the teenage candy-counter girl at the Tipton Hotel, who despite being the complete opposite of London, ends up becoming her best friend. The show's theme song, \\\"Here I Am,\\\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4279411\",\n \"text\": \"in May 2011. They also starred in \\\"The Suite Life Movie\\\", which aired in March of the same year. They began cultivating an adult image by starring in the independent theatrical suspense film \\\"The Kings of Appletown\\\" in 2009. Dylan and Cole were two of the wealthiest children alive in 2007, and in 2010, the Sprouse brothers were the highest-paid teenage Disney television actors, earning $40,000 per episode combined. MSN reported by the end of the 2000s that the twin brothers became the richest teenage twins in the world. In 2010, the brothers were accepted to New York University. They\",\n \"title\": \"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16418636\",\n \"text\": \"a foil to Karan and Kabir's schemes. The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir is a Disney Channel India sitcom, which premiered on 8 April 2012 to 18 August 2013. The series is an Indian adaptation of the American show \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". Starring Namit Shah, Siddharth Takkar, Shivshakti Sachdev, Tara Sutaria, Damman Baggan and Shruti Seth, the series is set in the Raj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai and centers on Karan and Kabir, trouble-making twins who live there. Other main characters include Vinnie, the candy-counter girl Vinnie; Rani\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4279424\",\n \"text\": \"filming \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", the both of them received on-set tutoring for three hours each day for school, and said they were getting \\\"straight A's and honors\\\". In their last year of high school, the brothers both took Advanced Placement classes. Dylan took AP Psychology and AP Spanish, and Cole took AP Psychology and AP Government. The twins' family has three dogs: Bubba, which belongs to Dylan and Cole; Pinky, who is their father's; and Curry, their stepmother's. Their favorite actor and co-star is Adam Sandler. Dylan has said that Adam is \\\"a role model in\",\n \"title\": \"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18360683\",\n \"text\": \"Saniya Anklesaria Saniya Anklesaria is an actress who appears in Hindi films, commercials and TV shows. She is known for her role of \\\"Max\\\" in the popular Disney Channel India sitcom, \\\"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir\\\", an Indian adaptation of the American show \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and \\\"Guri Malhotra\\\", a recurring character on the Disney hit series \\\"Best of Luck Nikki\\\", an Indian adaptation of the American show \\\"Good Luck Charlie\\\". She also appeared in mainstream Bollywood movies, like \\\"Rowdy Rathore\\\", \\\"Raanjhanaa\\\" and \\\"Life's Good\\\". \\\"Saniya Anklesaria\\\" was born in Mumbai, India to her\",\n \"title\": \"Saniya Anklesaria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19064787\",\n \"text\": \"spinoff \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", as well as for fellow Disney Channel series \\\"Phil of the Future\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Good Luck Charlie\\\", \\\"Shake It Up\\\", \\\"Sonny with a Chance\\\", \\\"Jonas\\\", \\\"So Random!\\\", \\\"A.N.T. Farm\\\", \\\"PrankStars\\\", and \\\"Austin & Ally\\\" and the ABC Kids series \\\"\\\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by Loren Ellis and the Drew Davis Band (who also performed the theme to \\\"Phil of the Future\\\", and whose performance is uncredited).\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14944353\",\n \"text\": \"where Bailey, London, Woody, and Dr. Spaulding find them. Dr. Olsen reveals that he is Dr. Spaulding's evil twin and explains that he spied on Zack and Cody earlier. After telling each other off, Zack and Cody begin to merge, but the merge is unsuccessful because the twins get into an argument that escalates into a fight, ultimately destroying the Gemini Project and freeing all the other twins from Ronald’s control. Ronald attempts to reboot the machine, but he is stopped by Cody who quickly forms a plan, and he and Zack give the special fruit to the Spaulding twins,\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9457644\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\"). The countries in which it has been shown on the Disney Channel include Australia/New Zealand, Spain/Portugal (January 17, 2009), and Disney Channel Latin America, where it aired on January 31, 2009 before a mini-marathon of \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". The film had previously had a sneak peek on Disney Channel UK, but it premiered on the channel on February 6, 2009, on the same day as \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" premiere. The production company was Oak Films. The movie opens showing super star Eddie Tudor\",\n \"title\": \"A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11538917\",\n \"text\": \"first SS \\\"Tipton\\\" as a gift for Captain Lansferd. The show's theme song, \\\"Livin' the Suite Life,\\\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the themes for fellow Disney Channel series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", \\\"Phil of the Future\\\", and \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", as well as the theme for the ABC Kids series \\\"\\\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, some of which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by British singer Steve Rushton (who is\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20819589\",\n \"text\": \"London. This season features a special crossover episode titled \\\"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\\\" featuring characters from \\\"That's So Raven\\\" and \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". A one-hour special episode titled \\\"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\\\" is also apart of this season. The theme song is the same as in the first season with the opening sequence replacing a few scenes from season one with scenes from season two. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2) The second season of \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" aired on Disney Channel from February 3, 2006 to June 2,\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4828028\",\n \"text\": \"Turkey on December 30, 2009 by Disney DVD. and Greece on September 9, 2010 by Sony Pictures. According to Amazon.com, all three seasons of the show will be released, however no release dates have been announced. Episodes in the DVD \\\"Lip Syncin' in the Rain\\\" include a French Language dub for French Canadians Like many Disney Channel Original Series, \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" had a number of novels based on episodes of the series, as well as original books. The following list of novels is based on information from the Barnes & Noble website and List of\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4874648\",\n \"text\": \"(2004) and many other productions. In 2005, Song began playing the lead female role of London Tipton in \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". The character is noted as one of the Disney Channel's longest continuous characters. Song made her transition into mainstream movies in 2010 when she appeared in the critically acclaimed film \\\"The Social Network\\\". She also starred in the short indie film \\\"First Kiss\\\". In 2012 and 2013, she had recurring roles in \\\"Scandal\\\" and \\\"New Girl\\\". In 2013–2014, she starred in the Fox TV series \\\"Dads\\\". In October 2014,\",\n \"title\": \"Brenda Song\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14944356\",\n \"text\": \"funny it was\\\". She later went on to say that it was a good film for younger children to watch. She gave the film a 7 out of 10. The movie premiered with 5.2 million viewers. There were 780,000 viewers when it premiered in the UK and Ireland on February 17, 2012. The Suite Life Movie The Suite Life Movie is a 2011 science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Sean McNamara, written by Michael Saltzman, and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan, Matthew Timmons, John Ducey, Matthew Glave, and Phill Lewis. The Disney Channel Original Movie is\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17779577\",\n \"text\": \"said of Zack and Cody, \\\"The characters were originally based off our personalities. In fact, they were originally named Dylan and Cole.\\\" Zack was born at St. Joseph's Hospital in Seattle, Washington at 6:30 on a Saturday. The year of his birth is not clear. In \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" episode, \\\"Das Boots\\\", it is said to be 1993. However, in the episode of \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" titled \\\"Poor Little Rich Girl\\\", a baby video of he and his brother is date-stamped September 23, 1992. The twins attended Buckner Middle School during seasons 1 &\",\n \"title\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11872648\",\n \"text\": \"Award nomination for \\\"Best Performance in a Television Drama Series\\\". She was eventually cast in her first main role in Disney Channel's \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" in 2005, which had three seasons (2005-2008). Tisdale's breakthrough role came in the 2006 television movie \\\"High School Musical\\\", which became Disney Channel's most watched movie that year. The \\\"High School Musical\\\" series became a successful franchise which included the second television movie \\\"High School Musical 2\\\" (2007), a feature film \\\"\\\" (2008), and a spin-off movie \\\"Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure\\\" (2011). She has a main role in \\\"Phineas & Ferb\\\" (2007–2015),\",\n \"title\": \"Ashley Tisdale filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11469673\",\n \"text\": \"Adventures in Appletown \\\"Adventures in Appletown (\\\"also known as the \\\"Hidden Treasure of the Mississippi)\\\" is a 2008 dramedy/adventure film starring twin brothers Dylan Sprouse and Cole Sprouse, written by Amanda Moresco, directed by Robert Moresco, and produced by Moresco Productions in association with Oak Films. This was the second time the brothers and Victoria Justice worked together, the first time was in an episode of \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". It completed principal filming in New Braunfels, Texas and completed post production some time after that. The film is about two cousins – Will and Clayton– who\",\n \"title\": \"Adventures in Appletown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7434892\",\n \"text\": \"Stepanek was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio; from 1985–89, he attended Gilmour Academy, and went on to attend Syracuse University. Since 2002, he has been married to Parisa Stepanek, and together, they have three children. Brian Stepanek Brian Patrick Stepanek (born February 6, 1971) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his role as Arwin Hawkhauser on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and Brian on \\\"Brian O'Brian\\\". He was also a Sector Seven Agent in the 2007 Michael Bay film \\\"Transformers\\\", and also had a supporting role in\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Stepanek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10740449\",\n \"text\": \"Cody Arens Cody Arens (born November 8, 1993) is an American actor and voice actor. He is the brother of Logan Arens and Skye Arens. He is most notable for the voice of Littlefoot in \\\"The Land Before Time\\\" television series based on the films and \\\"\\\" and as the role of Liam Fitzpatrick, the younger brother of Maddie Fitzpatrick, on \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". He also plays as the young Ethan Kendrick in the film \\\"D-War\\\", which was released in the United States on September 14, 2007, and is the voice of young Jaster in \\\"Rogue\",\n \"title\": \"Cody Arens\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7434888\",\n \"text\": \"Brian Stepanek Brian Patrick Stepanek (born February 6, 1971) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his role as Arwin Hawkhauser on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and Brian on \\\"Brian O'Brian\\\". He was also a Sector Seven Agent in the 2007 Michael Bay film \\\"Transformers\\\", and also had a supporting role in \\\"The Island\\\". Stepanek is also known as the voice of Roger in \\\"Father of the Pride\\\" and Tom Harper on the Nickelodeon series \\\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\\\" until 2018. He currently voices Lynn Loud Sr.\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Stepanek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11538914\",\n \"text\": \"and producers, the choice of setting was made to appeal to an international audience with different ports-of-call, such as India, Greece, Italy, Morocco, the United Kingdom and Thailand. An on-board theater serves as an \\\"organic\\\" set-up for musical numbers. Most of the action in the series occurs on board the SS \\\"Tipton\\\". However, the ship travels to a variety of places around the world which are often unfamiliar places to both Zack and Cody Martin. The SS \\\"Tipton\\\" is a cruise ship belonging to London Tipton's father. The ship had its first canon appearance in \\\"The Suite Life of Zack\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11538921\",\n \"text\": \"The Sprouses rejected the concept, leaving the project abandoned. \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" premiered in Australia and New Zealand October 6, 2008. It is broadcast on Disney Channel and on NZ MediaWorks TV3 and FOUR. The Canadian Family Channel debuted the series October 13, 2008. VRAK.TV broadcast the series as \\\"La vie de croisière de Zack et Cody\\\" (\\\"The Cruise Life of Zack and Cody\\\") beginning August 27, 2009. The series also aired on Disney XD (Canada) beginning June 1, 2011. In Ireland, the series debuted on Disney XD September 4, 2010. Disney Channel broadcast the series in the\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays zack and cody in the suite life"}}},{"rowIdx":74,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Michael Manning"],"string":"[\n \"Michael Manning\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"9965378","text":"Robert McGladdery Robert Andrew McGladdery (18 October 193520 December 1961) was the last person to be executed in Northern Ireland and the island of Ireland. He was convicted of the murder of Pearl Gamble, aged 19, whom he had battered, strangled and stabbed to death on 28 January 1961 and whose body was discovered at Upper Damolly, near Newry, County Down. It transpired the murderer and victim were distant cousins. Pearl Gamble had gone to a dance at the Henry Thomson Memorial Orange Hall in Newry with three girlfriends. She had been seen dancing with her boyfriend and Robert McGladdery.","title":"Robert McGladdery"},{"id":"11084781","text":"the point of treating him as a common criminal rather than a political prisoner. Harry Gleeson, hanged in 1941 for the 1940 murder of Moll McCarthy, was granted a posthumous pardon in 2015. Seán MacBride was Gleeson's defence counsel and attributed his later opposition to the death penalty to his belief in Gleeson's innocence. Michael Manning was the last person executed in the state. He was hanged for murder by Albert Pierrepoint on 20 April 1954. The same year, Brendan Behan's play \"The Quare Fellow\" premiered, in which the title character was modelled on Bernard Kirwan, awaiting execution in Mountjoy","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"3442802","text":"one of the two prison officers who stayed with Michael Manning on his last night and \"Last Call\" is loosely based on what happened. It was shown in Mountjoy Prison's theatre for three nights in June 2006. Michael Manning (murderer) Michael Manning was an Irish murderer who became the twenty-ninth and last person to be executed in the Republic of Ireland. Manning, a 25-year-old carter from Johnsgate in Limerick, was found guilty of the rape and murder of Catherine Cooper, a 65-year-old nurse who worked at Barrington's Hospital in the city, in February 1954. Nurse Cooper's body was discovered on","title":"Michael Manning (murderer)"},{"id":"5564966","text":"The list of prisoners executed at Mountjoy Prison includes: Annie Walsh from Limerick, who was found guilty of murdering her husband, was executed in Mountjoy prison on 5 August 1925. She remains the only woman ever executed by the Irish State which was founded in 1922. After being convicted of murdering a Garda officer, Charlie Kerins, former Chief of Staff to the Anti-Treaty IRA, was hanged at Mountjoy Prison on 1 December 1944. The last execution carried out in the Republic of Ireland, that of Michael Manning, took place in Mountjoy Prison on 20 April 1954. Some Irish leaders involved","title":"Mountjoy Prison"},{"id":"11084775","text":"under the provisions of that Act. In 1916, the execution of the leaders of the Easter Rising turned public sympathy in favour of the rebels. 24 rebels were executed during the 1919–21 War of Independence, starting with Kevin Barry. In Munster, which was under martial law, 13 were shot in Cork and one in Limerick. \"The Forgotten Ten\" were hanged in Mountjoy Prison, which helped turn opinion in Dublin against the Dublin Castle administration. The last United Kingdom execution was of William Mitchell, an RIC constable who had murdered a justice of the peace. The self-proclaimed Irish Republic, which fought","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"3442798","text":"Michael Manning (murderer) Michael Manning was an Irish murderer who became the twenty-ninth and last person to be executed in the Republic of Ireland. Manning, a 25-year-old carter from Johnsgate in Limerick, was found guilty of the rape and murder of Catherine Cooper, a 65-year-old nurse who worked at Barrington's Hospital in the city, in February 1954. Nurse Cooper's body was discovered on 18 November 1953 in the quarry under the New Castle, Dublin Road, Castletroy where she was found to have choked on grass stuffed into her mouth to keep her from screaming during the commission of the crime.","title":"Michael Manning (murderer)"},{"id":"11084770","text":"Capital punishment in Ireland Capital punishment in the Republic of Ireland was abolished in statute law in 1990, having been abolished in 1964 for most offences including ordinary murder. The last to be executed was Michael Manning, hanged for murder in 1954. All subsequent death sentences, the last handed down in 1985, were commuted by the President, on the advice of the Government, to terms of imprisonment of up to 40 years. The Twenty-first Amendment of the constitution, passed by referendum in 2001, prohibits the reintroduction of the death penalty, even during a state of emergency or war. Capital punishment","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"9965380","text":"October 1961. The evening before his execution he allegedly made a full confession to the murder. He was hanged, aged 26, at Crumlin Road Gaol in Belfast on 20 December 1961, by executioner Harry Allen. A BBC Northern Ireland dramatisation of the case, \"Last Man Hanging\", was broadcast on 8 September 2008. McGladdery was portrayed by Michael Condron. The murder and subsequent execution is the theme of Eoin McNamee's 2010 novel, \"Orchid Blue\". Robert McGladdery Robert Andrew McGladdery (18 October 193520 December 1961) was the last person to be executed in Northern Ireland and the island of Ireland. He was","title":"Robert McGladdery"},{"id":"11084802","text":"death penalty for \"particularly heinous crimes\". Capital punishment in Ireland Capital punishment in the Republic of Ireland was abolished in statute law in 1990, having been abolished in 1964 for most offences including ordinary murder. The last to be executed was Michael Manning, hanged for murder in 1954. All subsequent death sentences, the last handed down in 1985, were commuted by the President, on the advice of the Government, to terms of imprisonment of up to 40 years. The Twenty-first Amendment of the constitution, passed by referendum in 2001, prohibits the reintroduction of the death penalty, even during a state","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"11084780","text":"The press expected only the nephew to be found guilty, but both were. She was hanged aged 31 in spite of the jury recommending clemency. During the state of emergency in World War II, increased IRA activity led to six executions. Five were shot by firing squad after sentence by military tribunals under the Emergency Powers Act 1939. Of these, Maurice O'Neill and Richard Goss had shot but not killed Gardaí: the only people executed by the state for a non-murder crime. Charlie Kerins, the IRA Chief of Staff, executed for murdering a Garda, was hanged rather than shot, making","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"11084774","text":"last peacetime execution while Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was of William Scanlan in 1911 for murdering his sister-in-law. Execution of Irish republicans created political martyrs, such as the \"Manchester Martyrs\" of 1867. The Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act, 1882, was enacted during the Land War and introduced on the day of the funeral of Lord Frederick Cavendish, one of the Phoenix Park murder victims. This encouraged non-jury trials to impose death sentences, prompting Francis Alexander FitzGerald to resign in protest as baron of the exchequer. In fact no death sentence was passed","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"3169182","text":"was rejected. Capital punishment in Ireland had been abolished by the Criminal Justice Act 1990. The purpose of the amendment was therefore not to end the practice, but rather to forbid the Oireachtas from reintroducing the death penalty in future, even during a state of emergency. This is the only explicit exception to the sweeping powers otherwise granted to the state during such an emergency. The last execution in Ireland occurred in 1954 when the murderer Michael Manning was hanged, the sentence being carried out by Albert Pierrepoint who travelled from Great Britain where he was an official hangman. The","title":"Twenty-first Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland"},{"id":"19856001","text":"Marie and Noel Murray Marie and Noel Murray were an anarchist married couple who were among the last people to be sentenced to death in the Republic of Ireland. The couple were convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death in June 1976 for the murder of Garda Michael Reynolds the previous September. The sentences led to an outcry and a campaign to stop the executions received international attention. The sentences were quashed and the pair were convicted of common murder. They were both released in 1992. Marie and Noel Murray were both activists with a history of involvement in","title":"Marie and Noel Murray"},{"id":"19856009","text":"Constitutional right to beget children within marriage was suspended while a spouse was lawfully imprisoned. Marie and Noel Murray Marie and Noel Murray were an anarchist married couple who were among the last people to be sentenced to death in the Republic of Ireland. The couple were convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death in June 1976 for the murder of Garda Michael Reynolds the previous September. The sentences led to an outcry and a campaign to stop the executions received international attention. The sentences were quashed and the pair were convicted of common murder. They were both released","title":"Marie and Noel Murray"},{"id":"11084773","text":"reducing the penalties for numerous offences, and abolishing the capital crime of serving in the army or navy of France. The Offences Against the Person Act 1861 reduced the number of capital crimes from over two hundred to just three: murder, treason and piracy with violence. Death was a mandatory sentence for murder, though it was often commuted. The last public hanging in Ireland was in 1868; after the Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868 executions were carried out behind prison walls. Irish doctor Samuel Haughton developed the humane \"Standard Drop\" method of hanging that came into use in 1866. The","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"11084790","text":"years 1946–62, 82 murders produced 73 arrests; of these 34 were unfit to plead because of insanity, 7 found guilty but insane, and 18 found guilty and thus mandatorily sentenced to death. The sentences were executed on 3 and commuted on the other 15, including all three women. Mamie Cadden was sentenced to be hanged in 1957 for felony murder after performing an illegal abortion on a woman who died. Death sentences were passed on 11 people after the 1964 Act, for 5 different incidents involving the capital murder of a total of 6 Gardaí (police). All were imposed by","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"11298126","text":"found it to be unsafe. \"Scapegoat\", a BBC Northern Ireland drama about the conviction of Hay Gordon, was broadcast in 2009. Curran presided over the trial of Robert McGladdery for the murder of 19-year-old Pearl Gamble, near Newry, in 1961. McGladdery protested his innocence but was found guilty and hanged at Crumlin Road jail in Belfast on 20 December 1961; it was the last hanging in Northern Ireland. A fictionalized account of the trial and execution of McGladdery, \"Orchid Blue\", was written by Eoin McNamee and published in 2010 (McNamee had previously written a Booker Prize-nominated novel, \"Blue Tango\", about","title":"Lancelot Curran"},{"id":"7422339","text":"three more Republican prisoners were executed in Dublin. On 7 December, Anti-Treaty IRA gunmen shot two TDs, Sean Hales and Pádraic Ó Máille, in Dublin as they were on their way to the Dáil. Hales was killed and O'Máille was badly wounded. After an emergency cabinet meeting, the Free State government decided on the retaliatory executions of four prominent Republicans (one from each province). Accordingly, on 8 December 1922, the day after Hales' killing, four members of the IRA Army Executive, who had been in jail since the first week of the war - Rory O'Connor, Liam Mellows, Richard Barrett","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"1952162","text":"on 15 August 1963 in Craiginches Prison, Aberdeen, for the murder of seaman Thomas Guyan. Northern Ireland: Robert McGladdery, 26, on 20 December 1961 in Crumlin Road Gaol, Belfast, for the murder of Pearl Gamble. Wales: Vivian Teed, 24, in Swansea on 6 May 1958, for the murder of William Williams, sub-postmaster of Fforestfach Post Office. Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom: Liam Holden in 1973 in Northern Ireland, for the capital murder of a British soldier during the Troubles. Holden was removed from the death cell in May 1973. In 2012 his conviction was quashed on appeal on the","title":"Capital punishment in the United Kingdom"},{"id":"17158420","text":"Murder of Eamon Ryan Eamon Ryan (1946/1947 – 7 August 1979) was an Irish civil servant and murder victim. He and his wife Bernadette had two children, Peter and Dorothy. Ryan had been studying for a Master's degree at Trinity College, Dublin. On 7 August 1979, he was in the Allied Irish Bank in Tramore, County Waterford, when it was raided by the IRA. Eamonn Nolan and Aaron O'Connell were later found guilty of his murder and given life sentences. The getaway driver, Bill Hayes, served nine years in prison. Ryan's death became the subject of media attention in 2013","title":"Murder of Eamon Ryan"},{"id":"7422345","text":"because the Free State was hesitant about executing an undisputed hero of the recent struggle against the British. Liam Deasy, captured in January 1923 avoided execution by signing a surrender document calling on the Anti-Treaty forces to lay down their arms. The Anti-Treaty side called a ceasefire on 30 April 1923 and ordered their men to \"dump arms\", ending the war, on 24 May. Nevertheless, executions of Republican prisoners continued after this time. Four IRA men were executed in May after the ceasefire order and the final two executions took place on 20 November, months after the end of hostilities.","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"7422359","text":"Civil War, \"effectively ended,\" on 10 April 1923, when the Free State Army mortally wounded IRA Chief of Staff Liam Lynch during a skirmish in County Tipperary. Twenty days later, Lynch's successor, Frank Aiken, gave the order to \"dump arms.\" Even after the war was over, National Army troops occasionally killed anti-Treaty fighters. For example, Noel Lemass, a captain in the anti-Treaty IRA, was abducted in Dublin and summarily executed in July 1923, two months after the war had ended. His body was dumped, probably first in the River Liffey at Manor Kilbride, then moved to Killakee in the Dublin","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"16610746","text":"Liam Holden Liam Holden (born 1954) is an Irishman who, in 1973 at the age of 19, was sentenced to death by hanging following his conviction for killing a British soldier in Northern Ireland. He was the last person sentenced to death in the UK, as Northern Ireland maintained the death penalty following its abolition in Great Britain in 1969. There were, however, cases in the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man where death sentences were issued after this date. In July 1973 the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, William Whitelaw, commuted Holden's sentence to life imprisonment.","title":"Liam Holden"},{"id":"7422358","text":"similar episodes took place elsewhere in the country in the same month. On 13 March, three Republican fighters were judicially executed in Wexford in the southeast. In revenge, three National Army soldiers were captured and killed. On 14 March at Drumboe Castle in County Donegal, in the northwest, four Anti-Treaty IRA fighters, Charles Daly (26), Sean Larkin (26), Daniel Enwright (23), and Timothy O' Sullivan (23), who had been captured and held in the castle since January, were summarily shot in retaliation for the death of a National Army soldier in an ambush. According to historian Tom Mahon, the Irish","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"7603851","text":"Gleeson was executed in Ireland in April 1941 for the Murder of Moll McCarthy in County Tipperary in November 1940. The Gardai withheld crucial evidence and fabricated other evidence against Gleeson. In 2015 he was posthumously pardoned. Jiang Guoqing (Jiang is the family name, Chinese: , 1975–1997) was a Republic of China (Taiwan) Air Force private who was executed by a military tribunal on August 13, 1997 for the rape and murder of a five-year-old girl. On January 28, 2011, over 13 years after the execution, Xu Rongzhou (Chinese: 許榮洲), who had a history of sexual abuse, admitted to the","title":"Wrongful execution"},{"id":"11084791","text":"the Special Criminal Court. The murders of several other gardaí, and of British ambassador Christopher Ewart-Biggs in 1976, might also have constituted capital crimes had any prosecution been brought. Of the 11 sentenced to death, 2 had the conviction for capital murder quashed on appeal, and were convicted instead of ordinary murder. The death sentences of the other 9 were commuted by the President on the advice of the government, to 40 years' imprisonment without parole. One conviction was overturned in 1995. The 40-year sentences were controversial, both because they had no statutory basis, and because they were not handed","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"11084793","text":"was entitled to emission, which was rejected by the High Court in 2011, but upheld by the Supreme Court in 2013. Two of the four, who had already served over thirty years, were released straight away, while Callan and the fourth were released in December 2015 upon reaching 30 years. Noel Browne introduced a private member's bill to abolish the death penalty in March 1981. The Fianna Fáil government voted it down on its first reading. Fine Gael had supported the first reading and would have allowed a free vote at the second reading; the Labour Party supported abolition. The","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"19886093","text":"Shooting of Brian Stack Brian Stack (1935/1936 — 29 September 1984), the chief prison officer at Portlaoise Prison, was shot in the neck in 1983 by members of the Provisional IRA and died after 18 months in hospital. He was the only officer in the Irish Prison Service to be killed in connection with the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Political controversy arose in 2016 around allegations that Gerry Adams, the leader of Sinn Féin, knew the identity of the killers. Portlaoise Prison is the Republic of Ireland's high security prison and the place of detention for most of those convicted","title":"Shooting of Brian Stack"},{"id":"17103865","text":"the killers. The PSNI, under Chief Constable Matt Baggott, pledged their full cooperation and support to bring to justice the murderers. There was widespread shock and outrage among the public on the island of Ireland following the shooting dead of Donohoe, and it was considered a \"national tragedy\". The last garda to be shot dead serving the state was Detective Garda Jerry McCabe in June 1996, by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) in County Limerick. Jerry McCabe's widow Anne McCabe spoke of her sympathy for the Donohoe family, and retired Detective Garda Ben O'Sullivan - who was shot but","title":"Killing of Adrian Donohoe"},{"id":"16610757","text":"1972, Holden was finally released from Crumlin Road Prison. However, his terrorism conviction remained active, hindering Holden from finding regular employment. He appealed, and, in 2012, prosecutors dropped their opposition to his appeal, thus quashing the 1973 conviction. Liam Holden Liam Holden (born 1954) is an Irishman who, in 1973 at the age of 19, was sentenced to death by hanging following his conviction for killing a British soldier in Northern Ireland. He was the last person sentenced to death in the UK, as Northern Ireland maintained the death penalty following its abolition in Great Britain in 1969. There were,","title":"Liam Holden"},{"id":"886940","text":"Ireland, 15 of the 16 leaders who were executed were shot by British military authorities under martial law. The executions have often been cited as a reason for how the Rising managed to galvanise public support in Ireland after the failed rebellion. Italy had used the firing squad as its only form of death penalty, both for civilians and military, since the unification of the country in 1861. The death penalty was abolished completely by both Italian Houses of Parliament in 1889 but revived under the Italian dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in 1926. Mussolini was himself shot in the last","title":"Execution by firing squad"},{"id":"7422340","text":"and Joe McKelvey - were executed in revenge. O'Connor and Mellows particularly were revered heroes of the War of Independence. This was arguably an unlawful act, as the four Republicans had been captured before the Dáil passed the legislation authorising executions. Later on the same day the Dáil debated the executions and retrospectively approved them by a vote of 39-14. One of the poignant aspects of the incident was that O'Connor and Kevin O'Higgins were formerly close friends, and O'Connor had been best man at O'Higgins' wedding just a few months previously. Historian Michael Hopkinson reports that Richard Mulcahy had","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"200207","text":"each province), who had been held since the first week of the war—Rory O'Connor, Liam Mellows, Richard Barrett and Joe McKelvey — were executed in revenge for the killing of Hales. In addition, Free State troops, particularly in County Kerry, where the guerrilla campaign was most bitter, began the summary execution of captured anti-treaty fighters. The most notorious example of this occurred at Ballyseedy, where nine Republican prisoners were tied to a landmine, which was detonated, killing eight and only leaving one, Stephen Fuller, who was blown clear by the blast, to escape. The number of \"unauthorised\" executions of Republican","title":"Irish Civil War"},{"id":"7422360","text":"Mountains, near Glencree, where it was found in October 1923. The spot where his body was found is marked by a memorial erected by his brother Seán Lemass - a future Taoiseach of Ireland. There are no conclusive figures for the number of unofficial executions of captured Anti-Treaty fighters, but Republican officer Todd Andrews put the figure for \"unauthorised killings\" at 153. It has been argued that the Free State Government's policy of executions helped to end the Civil War. After the executions in reprisal for the killing of Seán Hales, there were no further attempts to assassinate members of","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"200206","text":"Army. The final phase of the Civil War degenerated into a series of atrocities that left a lasting legacy of bitterness in Irish politics. The Free State began executing Republican prisoners on 17 November 1922, when five IRA men were shot by firing squad. They were followed on 24 November by the execution of acclaimed author and treaty negotiator Erskine Childers. In all, the Free State sanctioned 77 official executions of anti-treaty prisoners during the Civil War. The Anti-Treaty IRA in reprisal assassinated TD Seán Hales. On 7 December 1922, the day after Hales' killing, four prominent Republicans (one from","title":"Irish Civil War"},{"id":"19533221","text":"of David Byrne and Gardaí believe they were planning to shoot someone. Gareth Hutch was shot several times by two attackers in a carpark near where he lived. He was a minor figure in the criminal world. In November 2018 the Special Criminal Court found Johnathan Keogh, his sister Regina Keogh and Thomas Fox guilty of the murder. All three were sentenced to life imprisonment. David Douglas was shot outside a shop he ran with his wife in Bridgefoot Street, Dublin 8. He had survived being shot the previous November. In August 2018 'Fat' Freddy Thompson was found guilty of","title":"2015–18 Irish gangland feud"},{"id":"7422344","text":"suspended executions and offered an amnesty in the hope that Anti-Treaty fighters would surrender. However, the war dragged for another two months and witnessed at least 20 more official executions, amongst them six men executed on 11 April in Tuam Military Barracks found guilty of the unlawful possession of arms on 21 February. There is a commemorative plaque in Tuam on the site of the old Military Barracks. Several Republican leaders narrowly avoided execution. Ernie O'Malley, captured on 4 November 1922, was not executed because he was too badly wounded when taken prisoner to face a court martial and possibly","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"7265812","text":"on 4 February 2008. Walsh and McAuley were released on 5 August 2009 after completing their full sentence. Sinn Féin had campaigned for their release under the Good Friday Agreement despite the Irish government's insistence that these prisoners were excluded during the negotiations for the Agreement. The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland accused the Irish government of \"double standards\" by not granting those responsible for the killing early release like paramilitary prisoners in Northern Ireland. McCabe's widow Anne has been praised for the way she conducted herself since the shooting. In New York in 2006, she challenged Gerry Adams as","title":"Murder of Jerry McCabe"},{"id":"11084785","text":"is clear to the Court and to everybody, except perhaps the unfortunate accused, that the sentence will never be carried out.\" Most cases were not prosecuted as murder before 1949, and a murder charge was still possible after then. The Criminal Justice Act 1951, in conformance with Article 13.6 of the Constitution, explicitly excluded capital cases from those to which the Government was granted the power to commute sentences. Successive Ministers for Justice were asked in the Dáil about abolishing the death penalty: in 1936 by Frank MacDermot; in 1939 by Jeremiah Hurley; in 1948 by James Larkin Jnr and","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"7422354","text":"On 28 March, five IRA men, captured in an attack on Cahersiveen on 5 March were officially executed in Tralee. Another, captured the same day, was summarily shot and killed. Thirty-two Anti-Treaty fighters died in Kerry in March 1923, of whom only five were killed in combat. Free State officer Niall Harrington has suggested that reprisal killings of Republican prisoners continued in Kerry up to the end of the war. The Free State unit the Dublin Guard, and in particular their commander, Paddy Daly, were widely held to be responsible for these killings. They, however, claimed that the prisoners had","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"11084800","text":"some voters were expressing dissatisfaction with the government. Ireland adopted the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR in 1993, and the Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in 1994, both of which prohibit the death penalty in peacetime. The reservation to ICCPR Article 6(5) was withdrawn in 1994. Ireland ratified the Thirteenth Protocol to the ECHR, which prohibits the death penalty in wartime, at its opening in 2002. The media occasionally reports calls to reconsider the ban on capital punishment. In November 2009, Richard Johnson, recently retired as President of the High Court, said that he","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"7422349","text":"eye shot out while in custody. County Kerry, where the guerrilla campaign was most intense, would see many of the most vicious episodes in the Civil War. On 27 August, in the first such incident of its type, two anti-treaty fighters were shot after they had surrendered in Tralee, County Kerry. One of them, James Healy, was left for dead but survived to tell of the incident. Republicans also killed prisoners. After their successful attack on Kenmare on 9 September, the Anti-Treaty IRA separated National Army officer Tom \"Scarteen\" O'Connor and his brother from the 120 other prisoners and shot","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"7797211","text":"pain of death for any man to help Spaniards. Many survivors were delivered to Galway from all over the province. In the first wave of seizures, 40 noblemen were reserved for ransom, and 300 men were put to death. Later, on the orders of Fitzwilliam, all the unarmed noblemen except two were also executed, along with six Dutch boys who had fallen into custody afterward. In all, 12 ships were wrecked on the coast of Connacht, and 1,100 survivors were put to death. Galway: \"Falcon Blanco\" (300 tons, 103 men, 16 guns) and \"Concepción de Juanes del Cano\" of Biscay","title":"Spanish Armada in Ireland"},{"id":"11084779","text":"custom of having a British hangman come to Mountjoy Prison to perform executions. There was local opposition to this, and in the 1940s an Irishman sent to Britain as apprentice to Albert Pierrepoint was deemed to lack \"the character to be an executioner\". 55 men and women were also sentenced to death in that time period but ultimately received a reprieve. Thirteen were sentenced for murdering their newborns, and 42 for other types of murder. The only woman executed after independence was Annie Walsh in 1925. She and her nephew blamed each other for the murder of her elderly husband.","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"17103869","text":"More lined the route as the procession made its way to the graveyard. It was the largest funeral in Ireland for a number of years. Among those in attendance were President Michael D. Higgins, Taoiseach Enda Kenny, Tánaiste Eamon Gilmore, Minister for Justice Alan Shatter and several senior government ministers, Garda Commissioner Martin Callinan, Irish Defence Forces Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Sean McCann, Cardinal Seán Brady, Northern Ireland Secretary of State Theresa Villiers, Northern Ireland Justice Minister David Ford and PSNI Chief Constable Matt Baggott. Fr Michael Cusack presided over the mass. Donohoe's colleague Joe Ryan, who was present","title":"Killing of Adrian Donohoe"},{"id":"19602964","text":"Murder of David Douglas David \"Dathaí\" Douglas, an Irish zookeeper turned criminal, was shot dead on 1 July 2016. He had convictions dating from the 1980s as well as more recent ones and had survived a shooting the previous November. His murder is part of the 2015–18 Irish gangland feud. In August 2018 'Fat' Freddy Thompson was found guilty of the murder by the Special Criminal Court. In 1983 he received a twelve-year sentence at the Special Criminal Court for shooting with intent to kill a Garda during an armed robbery at an Allied Irish Banks sub branch at Wang","title":"Murder of David Douglas"},{"id":"8701174","text":"blanket. He commenced a hunger strike on 19 April 1946. After 10 days, he stopped taking water and died on 11 May, the twenty-third day of his protest. He was buried in a family grave in Milltown Cemetery which is under the care of the National Graves Association, Belfast. He was the last person to die on hunger strike in the Irish state. Seán McCaughey Seán McCaughey (Irish: Seán Mac Eóchaidh) (1915 – 11 May 1946) was an Irish Republican Army leader in the 1930s and 1940s, and hunger striker. Born in Aughnacloy, County Tyrone, McCaughey was Adjutant-General of the","title":"Seán McCaughey"},{"id":"7422343","text":"under way again in earnest in late December 1922. On 19 December, seven IRA men from Kildare were shot in the Curragh Camp, Co. Kildare. and ten days later, two more were shot in Kilkenny. Most of those executed were prisoners held in Kilmainham and Mountjoy Gaols in Dublin, but from January 1923, Kevin O'Higgins argued that executions should be carried out in every county in order to maximise their impact. Accordingly, in that month, 34 prisoners were shot in such places as Dundalk, Roscrea, Carlow, Birr and Portlaoise, Limerick, Tralee, Roscrea and Athlone. From 8–18 February, the Free State","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"12475296","text":"Forgotten Ten The Forgotten Ten () is the term applied to ten members of the Irish Republican Army who were executed in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin by British forces following courts martial from 1920–21 during the Irish War of Independence. Based upon military law at the time, they were buried within the prison precincts, their graves unmarked in the unconsecrated ground. The names of the Forgotten Ten are Kevin Barry, Patrick Moran, Frank Flood, Thomas Whelan, Thomas Traynor, Patrick Doyle, Edmond Foley, Thomas Bryan, Bernard Ryan, and Patrick Maher. The executioner was John Ellis, one of the United Kingdom's hangmen at","title":"Forgotten Ten"},{"id":"19602971","text":"with the verdict and that the investigation is ongoing. Counsel for Thompson said the verdict would be appealed. Murder of David Douglas David \"Dathaí\" Douglas, an Irish zookeeper turned criminal, was shot dead on 1 July 2016. He had convictions dating from the 1980s as well as more recent ones and had survived a shooting the previous November. His murder is part of the 2015–18 Irish gangland feud. In August 2018 'Fat' Freddy Thompson was found guilty of the murder by the Special Criminal Court. In 1983 he received a twelve-year sentence at the Special Criminal Court for shooting with","title":"Murder of David Douglas"},{"id":"7422363","text":"partially alleviated after 1932, when Fianna Fáil, the party that represented the bulk of the Republican constituency, entered government peacefully; it introduced a new Constitution in 1937. The Free State officially became the Republic of Ireland in 1949. Kevin O'Higgins, the man Republicans saw as most directly responsible for the enactment of the Public Safety Act, with its sanction of executions, himself fell victim to assassination by the IRA in 1927 - becoming one of the last victims of Civil War era violence in Ireland. Richard Mulcahy became a leader of Fine Gael in 1948, but never became Taoiseach because","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"17972863","text":"July 2010. No reason has ever been publicly proferred for Armstrong's abduction and murder. In September 2015 the bodies of Seamus Wright and Kevin McKee were found in a bog in Coghalstown, County Meath. In May 2017 a body was found in a forest in northern France identified as that of Seamus Ruddy. There were two further disappearances in the 2000s. Gareth O'Connor, believed to have been a member of the Real IRA, disappeared while driving from Armagh to Dundalk in 2003. His body was discovered in Newry in 2005. In March 2005, Lisa Dorrian disappeared after attending a party","title":"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)"},{"id":"4094425","text":"of murder. In accordance with military procedure the verdict was not announced in court. He was returned to Mountjoy, and at about 8 o’clock that night, the district court-martial officer entered his cell and read out the sentence: death by hanging. The public learned on 28 October that the date of execution had been fixed for 1 November. Barry spent the last day of his life preparing for death. His ordeal focused world attention on Ireland. According to Sean Cronin, author of a biography of Barry (\"Kevin Barry\"), he hoped for a firing squad rather than the gallows, as he","title":"Kevin Barry"},{"id":"3442801","text":"and they played a game of handball that day. He couldn't have been more normal.\" Manning left a wife who was pregnant at the time of the murder. His body was buried in an unmarked grave in a yard at Mountjoy Prison. The death penalty was abolished in 1964 for all but the murder of Gardaí, diplomats and prison officers. It was abolished by statute for these remaining offences in 1990 and was finally expunged from the Constitution of Ireland by a referendum in 2001. The hanging of Michael Manning inspired a play by Ciaran Creagh. Creagh's father, Timothy, was","title":"Michael Manning (murderer)"},{"id":"7422342","text":"the family home in Stradbally. The President of the Executive Council W. T. Cosgrave's home was burned and his uncle was assassinated. In all, the Free State formally sanctioned the execution of between 77 and 81 Anti-Treaty fighters during the war. Republican historian Dorothy Macardle popularised the number 77 in Republican consciousness, but she appears to have left out those executed for activities such as armed robbery. Those executed were tried by court-martial in a military court and had to be found guilty merely of bearing arms against the State. After the initial round of executions, the firing squads got","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"12475301","text":"uncle. Forgotten Ten The Forgotten Ten () is the term applied to ten members of the Irish Republican Army who were executed in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin by British forces following courts martial from 1920–21 during the Irish War of Independence. Based upon military law at the time, they were buried within the prison precincts, their graves unmarked in the unconsecrated ground. The names of the Forgotten Ten are Kevin Barry, Patrick Moran, Frank Flood, Thomas Whelan, Thomas Traynor, Patrick Doyle, Edmond Foley, Thomas Bryan, Bernard Ryan, and Patrick Maher. The executioner was John Ellis, one of the United Kingdom's hangmen","title":"Forgotten Ten"},{"id":"17972861","text":"buried at Waterfoot, County Antrim. Columba McVeigh, a 17-year-old from Donaghmore, County Tyrone, disappeared in 1975. The IRA allege he had confessed to being a British Army agent, instructed to infiltrate the IRA. Brendan Megraw disappeared in 1978. In August 2014 a bog in County Meath was searched for his body, with human remains discovered in September. Gerard Evans, 24, was a man from Crossmaglen who disappeared while hitchhiking in County Monaghan in March 1979. In March 2008 a map was given to Evans' aunt. In 2008, the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains appealed for more information","title":"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)"},{"id":"19856004","text":"the official verdict, Marie Murray shot Reynolds in the head as he closed in on them. The gang got away. Garda Reynolds died two hours later in hospital. In the aftermath of the incident, numerous raids were carried out on known republicans and leftists. Noel and Marie Murray, along with Ronan Stenson, were eventually charged with the murder of Reynolds. They were tried by Justice Denis Pringle at the Special Criminal Court. They were convicted of capital murder on 9 June 1976 and sentenced to death. The conviction sent shockwaves across the country as nobody had been executed in Ireland","title":"Marie and Noel Murray"},{"id":"17108708","text":"Thomas Hartley Montgomery Sub-Inspector Thomas Hartley Montgomery (1842 – 26 August 1873, Omagh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) was a senior official of the Royal Irish Constabulary. He is the only police officer in Irish history to receive the death penalty for murder. On 29 June 1871, Sub-Inspector Montgomery, who was chronically short of funds, assaulted William Glass, a clerk employed by the Northern Bank, with a hedge knife and stabbed him through the head with a filing spike. Sub-Inspector Montgomery then stole £1,600 from the till. In the aftermath, Inspector Montgomery took charge of the investigation and","title":"Thomas Hartley Montgomery"},{"id":"11084778","text":"British laws, the \"Special Powers Act\" (adopted in the form of a motion rather than an act of parliament) was passed by the Third Dáil on 26 September 1922 authorising military tribunals to impose death sentences on the anti-Treaty forces. During the Civil War the Free State government executed 81 captured anti-Treaty fighters by firing squad, as well as ordering extra-judicial killings. Between November 1923 and April 1954, there were a total of 35 executions in the state. In the 1920s, execution was relatively common for murderers. In the absence of a local executioner, the Irish government retained the pre-independence","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"15737146","text":"with the Historical Enquiries Team and determine who killed his sister: In June 2013 the Northern Ireland Assembly passed a bill to bar anyone with a serious conviction from being named a special political adviser (SPAD). The bill was put forward by Jim Allister who was inspired by Ann Travers' campaign. Allister said \"She (Ann Travers) has done right and done well by her late sister and father, and we all owe her a great debt of gratitude.\" About the bill, Ann Travers said: Murder of Mary Travers Mary Travers (Irish: Máire Ó Treabhair; b. 1962 – d. 8 April","title":"Murder of Mary Travers"},{"id":"11084797","text":"minimum age for the death penalty. In May 1989, Fianna Fáil minister Michael Woods stated: After the June 1989 general election, Fianna Fáil formed a coalition with the PDs; the agreed programme for government included abolishing the death penalty. It was abolished for all offences by the Criminal Justice Act 1990, which made life imprisonment the penalty for what had been capital crimes, and all except the military crimes had a minimum term of not less than forty years; remission rules are stricter than for other crimes. The Child Care Bill 1988 was still pending, so the section relating to","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"14016523","text":"Free State sanctioned 77 official executions of anti-treaty prisoners during the Civil War. The Anti-Treaty IRA in reprisal assassinated TD Seán Hales. On 7 December 1922, the day after Hales' killing, four prominent Republicans (one from each province), who had been held since the first week of the war—Rory O'Connor, Liam Mellows, Richard Barrett and Joe McKelvey — were executed in revenge for the killing of Hales. In addition, Free State troops, particularly in County Kerry, where the guerrilla campaign was most bitter, began the summary execution of captured anti-treaty fighters. The most notorious example of this occurred at Ballyseedy,","title":"Guerrilla phase of the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"7265811","text":"terms of the Good Friday Agreement. In 2005, the prisoners stated that they did not want their release \"to be part of any further negotiations with the Irish government.\" Pearse McAuley from Strabane and three County Limerick men – Jeremiah Sheehy, Michael O'Neill and Kevin Walsh – were convicted by the non-jury Special Criminal Court of manslaughter. McAuley had escaped from Brixton Prison in 1991 while awaiting prosecution over an IRA campaign in England and had jumped bail in the Republic of Ireland two months before the shooting. O'Neill was released from prison on 15 May 2007 with Sheehy released","title":"Murder of Jerry McCabe"},{"id":"961147","text":"to murder Adair and Sam McCrory. Charges against one of the accused in the trial were dropped on 1 July. On 10 September 2016, Johnny and Gina Adair's son, Jonathan Jr, was found dead in Troon, aged 32. Adair Jr died from an accidental overdose while celebrating the day after his release from prison for motoring offences. Adair Jr had been in and out of jail ever since the family fled Northern Ireland. He served a five-year sentence for dealing heroin and crack cocaine. The year before Jonathan had been cleared of a gun raid at a party and in","title":"Johnny Adair"},{"id":"4094402","text":"Kevin Barry Kevin Gerard Barry (20 January 1902 – 1 November 1920) was the first Irish republican to be executed by the British since the leaders of the Easter Rising. Barry was sentenced to death for his part in an Irish Volunteers operation which resulted in the deaths of three British soldiers. Barry's execution outraged nationalist public opinion in Ireland and its diaspora, largely because of his age. The timing of the execution, only days after the death by hunger strike of Terence MacSwiney, the republican Lord Mayor of Cork, brought public opinion to fever-pitch. His treatment and death attracted","title":"Kevin Barry"},{"id":"19533227","text":"maker and member of the New INLA, was later charged with Gareth Hutch's murder. The body of 24 year Kane McCormack who had been shot in the head was found in Waltersdown, Co. Meath between Leixlip and Dunboyne. He was last seen alive at 5pm the previous day after telling his partner he was going to meet someone. When he failed to return, his partner became concerned for his safety and contacted the Gardaí. His car was later found at an Aldi supermarket in Clonee. There were no confirmed sightings of him after he left his partner. Gardaí believe he","title":"2015–18 Irish gangland feud"},{"id":"7422355","text":"been killed while clearing roads by landmines laid by Republicans. When questioned in the Dáil by Labour Party leader Thomas Johnson, Richard Mulcahy, the National Army's commander-in-chief, supported Daly's story. A military Court of Enquiry conducted in April 1923 cleared the Free State troops of the charge of killing their prisoners. It has since emerged, however, that the prisoners were beaten, tied to explosives and then killed. At Cahersiveen, the prisoners were reportedly shot in the legs before being blown up to preclude their escaping. Two Free State officers, Lieutenants Niall Harrington and W McCarthy (who both resigned over the","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"1930086","text":"In 1927, a relief of O'Higgins was posthumously added to a 1923 cenotaph in the grounds of Leinster House dedicated to Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith. This was replaced in 1950, by a simpler granite obelisk commemorating Griffith, Collins and O'Higgins. In July 2012, Taoiseach Enda Kenny unveiled a commemorative plaque to his memory at the site in Booterstown where he was shot. His brother Thomas F. O'Higgins and nephews Tom O'Higgins and Michael O'Higgins were later elected TDs. His granddaughter Iseult O'Malley is a judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland. Kevin O'Higgins Kevin Christopher O'Higgins (; 7 June","title":"Kevin O'Higgins"},{"id":"17972860","text":"a search of an area of Coghalstown Bog in County Meath for Lynskey's body. Jean McConville, a widowed mother of 10, disappeared in December 1972. Her body was found on a beach in County Louth in 2003; in October 2014 a man was arrested in connection with her murder, and two further men were arrested in December 2014. Peter Wilson, 21, a native of West Belfast, with five siblings, was described as \"a vulnerable man with learning difficulties\". He was abducted by the IRA in the summer of 1973, somewhere in the St James area of Belfast, killed and secretly","title":"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)"},{"id":"12569403","text":"Irish Republican Socialist Party, the INLA's political wing, who stated that only one of the men (Pringle) had had a peripheral connection with the Irish Republican organisation some years earlier. All three men were found guilty of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. Two weeks before their execution dates in June 1981, their sentences were commuted to 40 years imprisonment with no chance of parole. Pringle always denied any involvement in the crime and his conviction was overturned by the high court in 1995 due to discrepancies in the evidence. In September 2012, Colm O'Shea was one of the","title":"Murder of Henry Byrne and John Morley"},{"id":"11084782","text":"while Behan was imprisoned there. The 1922 \"Special Powers Act\" was replaced after the Civil War by a series of Public Safety Acts promoted by Cumann na nGaedheal governments to counter residual republican paramilitary activity. The 1923 act, valid for six months, allowed the death penalty for \"armed revolt against the Government of Saorstát Eireann\", whereas the 1924 act, valid for one year, reduced this to life imprisonment. The Treasonable Offences Act, 1925 defined such offences as treason punishable by death. The Public Safety Act 1927, passed in response to the assassination of Kevin O'Higgins, provided for a special military","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"11084792","text":"down by a judge. The Court of Criminal Appeal has upheld the sentences as the extra-judicial procedure is in step with the Irish Constitution's provision for commuting sentences. Four convicts were released in 1998 under the amnesty of political prisoners under the Good Friday Agreement. The remaining four protested that they were also eligible for the amnesty, but were not released under its provisions. The state refused to grant the standard remission of sentences due for good behaviour, which would make them eligible for parole after 30 years. One of the four, Noel Callan, took a court case that he","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"7422352","text":"Republican prisoners were taken from Ballymullen Barracks in Tralee to Ballyseedy crossroads and tied to a landmine which was then detonated, after which the survivors were machine-gunned. One of the prisoners, Stephen Fuller, was blown to safety by the blast of the explosion. He was taken in at the nearby home of Michael and Hannah Curran. They cared for him and although badly injured, he survived. Fuller later became a Fianna Fáil TD. The Free State troops in nearby Tralee had prepared nine coffins and were surprised to find only the scattered remains of eight bodies on the scene. There","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"17103844","text":"Killing of Adrian Donohoe Detective Garda Adrian Donohoe (14 January 1972 – 25 January 2013) was an Irish police detective working for the Garda Síochána, the national police service of Ireland. He was attached to Dundalk Garda Station in County Louth, and was fatally shot in Bellurgan, County Louth (near Jenkinstown) on 25 January 2013 by an armed gang of five people during a robbery on a credit union. He was the first garda officer to be shot dead in the line of duty since 1996, and was afforded a full state funeral. On 4 March 2018, 27-year-old Aaron Brady","title":"Killing of Adrian Donohoe"},{"id":"17972862","text":"regarding his disappearance. Remains were found in County Louth in October 2010, which were later confirmed as being Evans' in November 2010. An alleged member of the Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade told the \"Sunday Tribune\" that Evans was executed for being an informer. Charles Armstrong was a 54-year-old father-of-five who went missing in Crossmaglen while walking to mass in 1981; his car was later found in Dundalk. The IRA denied any involvement in his disappearance at the time. Armstrong's family began a fresh, private search for his remains in October 2003. They were located in County Monaghan, Ireland in","title":"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)"},{"id":"17972858","text":"of the sixteen – Eamon Molloy, Seamus Wright, Kevin McKee, Jean McConville, Columba McVeigh, Brendan Megraw, John McClory, Brian McKinney, and Danny McIlhone. British Army officer Robert Nairac, who disappeared from South Armagh, was a Mauritius-born Roman Catholic. The organisation said they could only accurately locate the body of one of their victims, but gave rough ideas for the remaining eight. , the remains of three of the victims have still not been found. Joseph Lynskey (40), a veteran Irish Republican paramilitary and Provisional Irish Republican Army member from Cavendish Street in Belfast, disappeared during a violent internal PIRA feud","title":"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)"},{"id":"11084789","text":"Garda was acting \"in the course of his duty\", despite not being on duty; but that, as he was in plain clothes, the Murrays did not know he was a Garda; and so, while there was intent (\"mens rea\") to commit murder, there was no intent to commit capital murder. From 1923 to 1964, 40 death sentences were commuted to life imprisonment; three condemned were found insane, and three died awaiting execution. Criminology professor Ian O'Donnell wrote in 2016 that murderers with commuted death sentences \"were released after periods of time that would be considered absurdly short today\". In the","title":"Capital punishment in Ireland"},{"id":"1453637","text":"1921. Between 1 November 1920 and 7 June 1921 twenty-four men were executed by the British. The first IRA volunteer to be executed was Kevin Barry, one of The Forgotten Ten who were buried in unmarked graves in unconsecrated ground inside Mountjoy Prison until 2001. On 1 February, the first execution under martial law of an IRA man took place. Cornelius Murphy of Millstreet, Cork was shot in Cork city. On 28 February, six more were executed, again in Cork. On 19 March 1921, Tom Barry's 100-strong West Cork IRA unit fought an action against 1,200 British troops – the","title":"Irish War of Independence"},{"id":"16796625","text":"Murder of Charles Bennett Charles Bennett (c. 1977 – 30 July 1999) was an Irish murder victim. A native of North Belfast and a taxi driver, Charles Bennett was twenty-two. On the final night of his life, he answered a call at his front door, and went outside with the callers. His body was found in the car park of St. Gall's GAA club, Fall's Road. He had been so badly mutilated that he was not immediately recognised. He had been gagged and bound, then shot in the head. His death had implications for the ongoing Northern Ireland peace process,","title":"Murder of Charles Bennett"},{"id":"15238919","text":"suspects. Dassen Narraien, and Seenarain Mungoo were arrested the following week and charged with aiding and abetting a crime. Narraien and Mungoo were both security officers at the hotel. Mungoo was released and had all charges against him dropped on 12 February 2011. McAreavey was brought home to be waked. Notables to visit the wake included Cardinal Edward Daly; 1992 All-Ireland winning manager Brian McEniff; GAA President Christy Cooney, Northern Ireland's First Minister and deputy First Ministers, the Democratic Unionist Peter Robinson and Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness; sports minister Nelson McCausland, enterprise minister Arlene Foster and justice committee chairman Maurice","title":"Murder of Michaela McAreavey"},{"id":"3190261","text":"they knew. The Invincibles' leader, James Carey, and Michael Kavanagh agreed to testify against the others. Joe Brady, Michael Fagan, Thomas Caffrey, Dan Curley and Tim Kelly were hanged by William Marwood in Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin between 14 May and 4 June 1883. Others were sentenced to long prison terms. No member of the founding executive, however, was ever brought to trial by the British government. John Walsh, Patrick Egan, John Sheridan, Frank Byrne, and Patrick Tynan were welcomed in the United States, where sentiment toward the murders was less severe, although not celebratory. Carey was shot dead on","title":"Irish National Invincibles"},{"id":"16208566","text":"were killed outright. They were William Gary Bleeks (25), Cecil James Caldwell (37), Robert Dunseath (25), David Harkness (23), John Richard McConnell (38), Nigel McKee (22) and Robert Irons (61). The van's driver, Oswald Gilchrist (44), died of his wounds in hospital four days later. Robert Dunseath was a British soldier serving with the Royal Irish Rangers. The other six men were badly injured. It was the highest death toll from one incident in Northern Ireland since 1988. The IRA's Tyrone Brigade claimed responsibility for the bombing shortly after. It argued that the men were legitimate targets because they were","title":"Teebane bombing"},{"id":"18941024","text":"Say No\", was banned by the Irish Film Censor for immorality. Carlo Gébler's 2011 novel \"The Dead Eight\" is based on the murder case. Murder of Moll McCarthy Mary McCarthy, known as Moll Carthy (1902–20/21 November 1940), was a smallholder, prostitute, and murder victim from Marlhill, near New Inn, County Tipperary in Ireland. Henry \"Harry\" Gleeson (1903–23 April 1941) from Holycross, County Tipperary, was convicted of her murder and executed, but granted a posthumous pardon in 2015. Mary McCarthy or Carthy, known as Moll, was an unmarried mother who had seven children by at least six different fathers between 1921","title":"Murder of Moll McCarthy"},{"id":"6385619","text":"of her 112th birthday, her death was recorded three days later in Ravensdale, County Louth and attributed to syncope, her obituary was published in numerous Irish media publications, and in England in \"The Times\". A telegram of condolence was sent to her relatives by King George V. Katherine Plunket Katherine Plunket (born as Catherine Plunket; 22 November 1820 – 14 October 1932) was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat from Ballymascanlan, County Louth, a prolific botanical illustrator and the oldest person ever to die in Ireland, at 111 years and 327 days. Plunket was born at Kilsaran, near Castlebellingham in County Louth. The","title":"Katherine Plunket"},{"id":"20969638","text":"Hawe familicide On August 29 2016, a murder-suicide took place close to the town of Ballyjamesduff in County Cavan, Ireland. A family of five consisting of three young boys, Ryan, Niall and Liam, their mother Clodagh and their father Alan were all found dead inside a house in Oakdene at approximately 11:00 am. At 10:45 am Clodagh's mother called to the house and contacted Garda Síochána to raise the alarm. The family were identified as the Hawe Family.It was later determined that Alan Hawe, the owner of the home, had committed the murder. He had stabbed his wife and three","title":"Hawe familicide"},{"id":"1833879","text":"that decided me ... Of course, Dad and I don't talk about the hangman's job. I know it is supposed to run in families, but I've decided it is \"out\" for me – though someone has to do it\". However, a report in \"The Spokesman Review\" (8 May 1961) headlined \"Hangman Quits To Save Lives\" stated that he had quit because of a \"conflict of loyalties\" – he had recently qualified as a mental health nurse and had taken a vow to \"do all in my power to save and preserve life\". Allen performed the last execution in Northern Ireland","title":"Harry Allen (executioner)"},{"id":"18690663","text":"Murder of Elaine O'Hara Elaine O'Hara (17 March 1976 – c. 22 August 2012), was an Irish childcare worker, and was last seen alive at a public park in Shanganagh, Dublin on 22 August 2012. The remains of her body were discovered on Killakee Mountain, south of Dublin, in September 2013. The investigation of her disappearance, and later of her death, was widely reported. The 2015 trial and conviction of her murderer, architect Graham Dwyer, led to the circulation of evidence concerning O'Hara's and Dwyer's involvement in the BDSM sexual subculture. The evidence of Dwyer's sadistic sexual practices led to","title":"Murder of Elaine O'Hara"},{"id":"5527310","text":"of Dublin). Imprisoned in Mountjoy Gaol, Mellows, O'Connor, McKelvey and Barrett were executed by firing squad on 8 December 1922, in reprisal for the shooting of TD Seán Hales (see Executions during the Irish Civil War). These executions and their effects on their fellow prisoners are described in Peadar O'Donnell's Irish Civil War memoir, \"The Gates Flew Open.\" Mellows is commemorated by statues in Eyre Square in Galway, in the official name of the Irish Defence Forces army barracks at Renmore (\"Dún Úi Maoilíosa\") and in the naming of Mellows Bridge in Dublin. He is also commemorated in the names","title":"Liam Mellows"},{"id":"18690680","text":"been struck down by the European Court of Justice in 2014. These claims contributed to a review of how state agencies use the type of data covered by the legislation. And, if upheld, it has been reported that the appeal could impact the admissibility of the mobile phone evidence in the Dwyer case - and other cases which rely upon mobile phone data in Garda investigations. Murder of Elaine O'Hara Elaine O'Hara (17 March 1976 – c. 22 August 2012), was an Irish childcare worker, and was last seen alive at a public park in Shanganagh, Dublin on 22 August","title":"Murder of Elaine O'Hara"},{"id":"7422338","text":"On 24 November Childers was executed by firing squad. Childers was the Republican head of propaganda and it was widely speculated that seven low-ranking Republicans were shot before Childers so that it would not look as if he had been singled out to be executed. In response to the executions, on 30 November, Liam Lynch, Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA, ordered that any member of Parliament (TD) or senator who had signed or voted for the \"murder bill\" should be shot on sight. He also ordered the killing of hostile judges and newspaper editors. On the same day,","title":"Executions during the Irish Civil War"},{"id":"17158421","text":"when his family criticized Sinn Féin for giving an award to Hayes. In reply, \"Hayes said he wanted to offer his deep sympathy and apologies to Eamon Ryan's family for what they had suffered.\" Murder of Eamon Ryan Eamon Ryan (1946/1947 – 7 August 1979) was an Irish civil servant and murder victim. He and his wife Bernadette had two children, Peter and Dorothy. Ryan had been studying for a Master's degree at Trinity College, Dublin. On 7 August 1979, he was in the Allied Irish Bank in Tramore, County Waterford, when it was raided by the IRA. Eamonn Nolan","title":"Murder of Eamon Ryan"},{"id":"7687850","text":"South Armagh. The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) issued a statement that O'Hare will not be arrested on suspicion of involvement in up to 30 unsolved killings as the alleged offences predate the Good Friday Agreement. However, investigations have not been ruled out by the Historical Enquiries Team, which has been assigned to probe all unsolved killings during the Troubles. In December 2006 drug-dealer Martin \"Marlo\" Hyland was shot dead at his Dublin home, along with a plumber called Anthony Campbell who was working there. Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern stated in the Dáil Éireann that a \"significant former paramilitary\"","title":"Dessie O'Hare"},{"id":"13910806","text":"hung jury after one of the longest deliberation in Irish legal history. Due to the fact that according to his defence counsel Martin O'Rourke SC, his confession was due to threats and inducements made while in custody. On 15 February 2012, following a re-trial, Barry Doyle was convicted of the murder of Shane Geoghegan, in which he pleaded not guilty. The jury of three women and eight men returned a unanimous guilty verdict, after deliberating for six hours. Justice Garrett Sheehan imposed a life sentence on Doyle, then a 26-year-old father-of-three. \"There is only one sentence this court can impose","title":"Murder of Shane Geoghegan"},{"id":"12068939","text":"off; the shot killed him. One of the women prisoners in the van then took the keys from his belt and passed them to the Fenians, who unlocked the van and rushed Deasy and Kelly away. A reward of £300 (£24,000 as of 2015) was offered, without result. Three of the Fenian rescuers, William Philip Allen, Michael Larkin, and Michael O'Brien, were arrested after a massive manhunt, and executed after a swift trial followed by many appeals. Their execution was badly bungled and widely reported. Their cause was taken up worldwide and was one of the foundations of Irish revolutionary","title":"Timothy Deasy"},{"id":"2580857","text":"7-year-old Grace Hanagan who was born in Oshawa, Ontario, on 16 May 1907, and was traveling with her parents who were among the Salvation Army members who did not survive. Grace Hanagan Martyn was also the last survivor of the sinking and died in St. Catharines, Ontario on 15 May 1995 at the age of 87, one day before her 88th birthday. As for \"Storstad\"s Chief Officer Alfred Toftenes, little is known of what became of him except that he died in New York a few years later, in 1918. He is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Robert Crellin","title":"RMS Empress of Ireland"},{"id":"1453621","text":"British forces carried out 38,720 raids on private homes, arrested 4,982 suspects, committed 1,604 armed assaults, carried out 102 indiscriminate shootings and burnings in towns and villages, and killed 77 people including women and children. In March 1920, Tomás Mac Curtain, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, was shot dead in front of his wife at his home, by men with blackened faces who were seen returning to the local police barracks. The jury at the inquest into his death returned a verdict of wilful murder against David Lloyd George (the British Prime Minister) and District Inspector Swanzy, among","title":"Irish War of Independence"},{"id":"9331724","text":"Death of John Ward On 14 October 2004, Pádraig Nally, an Irish farmer living in County Mayo, Republic of Ireland shot dead an Irish Traveller named John \"Frog\" Ward, with 80 criminal convictions over 30 years, who had been trespassing on his property. In November 2005 Nally was sentenced to six years' imprisonment for manslaughter. His conviction was quashed in October 2006 and, after a retrial in December 2006, he was found not guilty of manslaughter. The Central Criminal Court decided to hear the Nally case in Castlebar, making it the first murder trial in Mayo for almost a century;","title":"Death of John Ward"},{"id":"12569405","text":"releases were not published in the national press until October 2013. The events of the crime are recalled in a 2012 episode of the RTÉ One programme \"Garda ar Lár\". Murder of Henry Byrne and John Morley Henry Byrne and John Morley, two officers of the Garda Síochána, the police force of Ireland, were murdered on 7 July 1980 by alleged members of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) during a pursuit in the aftermath of a bank robbery near Loughglynn, County Roscommon. The officers' deaths provoked national outrage. Three men were apprehended, convicted and sentenced to death for capital","title":"Murder of Henry Byrne and John Morley"},{"id":"15078176","text":"his younger brother John, along with Henry Pierrepoint. He was a small celebrity during this period among the populace, many of whom wanted to catch a glimpse of this relatively young man who was the country's executioner. Billington carried out the vast majority of executions from 1902 to 1904. He carried out the last one to take place at Newgate Prison on 2 May 1902 and the first at Pentonville on 30 September 1902. He also performed a few executions in Ireland. Billington was married with two children, but he also had problems with alcohol. In the summer of 1905,","title":"William Billington"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"9965378\",\n \"text\": \"Robert McGladdery Robert Andrew McGladdery (18 October 193520 December 1961) was the last person to be executed in Northern Ireland and the island of Ireland. He was convicted of the murder of Pearl Gamble, aged 19, whom he had battered, strangled and stabbed to death on 28 January 1961 and whose body was discovered at Upper Damolly, near Newry, County Down. It transpired the murderer and victim were distant cousins. Pearl Gamble had gone to a dance at the Henry Thomson Memorial Orange Hall in Newry with three girlfriends. She had been seen dancing with her boyfriend and Robert McGladdery.\",\n \"title\": \"Robert McGladdery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084781\",\n \"text\": \"the point of treating him as a common criminal rather than a political prisoner. Harry Gleeson, hanged in 1941 for the 1940 murder of Moll McCarthy, was granted a posthumous pardon in 2015. Seán MacBride was Gleeson's defence counsel and attributed his later opposition to the death penalty to his belief in Gleeson's innocence. Michael Manning was the last person executed in the state. He was hanged for murder by Albert Pierrepoint on 20 April 1954. The same year, Brendan Behan's play \\\"The Quare Fellow\\\" premiered, in which the title character was modelled on Bernard Kirwan, awaiting execution in Mountjoy\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3442802\",\n \"text\": \"one of the two prison officers who stayed with Michael Manning on his last night and \\\"Last Call\\\" is loosely based on what happened. It was shown in Mountjoy Prison's theatre for three nights in June 2006. Michael Manning (murderer) Michael Manning was an Irish murderer who became the twenty-ninth and last person to be executed in the Republic of Ireland. Manning, a 25-year-old carter from Johnsgate in Limerick, was found guilty of the rape and murder of Catherine Cooper, a 65-year-old nurse who worked at Barrington's Hospital in the city, in February 1954. Nurse Cooper's body was discovered on\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Manning (murderer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5564966\",\n \"text\": \"The list of prisoners executed at Mountjoy Prison includes: Annie Walsh from Limerick, who was found guilty of murdering her husband, was executed in Mountjoy prison on 5 August 1925. She remains the only woman ever executed by the Irish State which was founded in 1922. After being convicted of murdering a Garda officer, Charlie Kerins, former Chief of Staff to the Anti-Treaty IRA, was hanged at Mountjoy Prison on 1 December 1944. The last execution carried out in the Republic of Ireland, that of Michael Manning, took place in Mountjoy Prison on 20 April 1954. Some Irish leaders involved\",\n \"title\": \"Mountjoy Prison\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084775\",\n \"text\": \"under the provisions of that Act. In 1916, the execution of the leaders of the Easter Rising turned public sympathy in favour of the rebels. 24 rebels were executed during the 1919–21 War of Independence, starting with Kevin Barry. In Munster, which was under martial law, 13 were shot in Cork and one in Limerick. \\\"The Forgotten Ten\\\" were hanged in Mountjoy Prison, which helped turn opinion in Dublin against the Dublin Castle administration. The last United Kingdom execution was of William Mitchell, an RIC constable who had murdered a justice of the peace. The self-proclaimed Irish Republic, which fought\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3442798\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Manning (murderer) Michael Manning was an Irish murderer who became the twenty-ninth and last person to be executed in the Republic of Ireland. Manning, a 25-year-old carter from Johnsgate in Limerick, was found guilty of the rape and murder of Catherine Cooper, a 65-year-old nurse who worked at Barrington's Hospital in the city, in February 1954. Nurse Cooper's body was discovered on 18 November 1953 in the quarry under the New Castle, Dublin Road, Castletroy where she was found to have choked on grass stuffed into her mouth to keep her from screaming during the commission of the crime.\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Manning (murderer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084770\",\n \"text\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland Capital punishment in the Republic of Ireland was abolished in statute law in 1990, having been abolished in 1964 for most offences including ordinary murder. The last to be executed was Michael Manning, hanged for murder in 1954. All subsequent death sentences, the last handed down in 1985, were commuted by the President, on the advice of the Government, to terms of imprisonment of up to 40 years. The Twenty-first Amendment of the constitution, passed by referendum in 2001, prohibits the reintroduction of the death penalty, even during a state of emergency or war. Capital punishment\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9965380\",\n \"text\": \"October 1961. The evening before his execution he allegedly made a full confession to the murder. He was hanged, aged 26, at Crumlin Road Gaol in Belfast on 20 December 1961, by executioner Harry Allen. A BBC Northern Ireland dramatisation of the case, \\\"Last Man Hanging\\\", was broadcast on 8 September 2008. McGladdery was portrayed by Michael Condron. The murder and subsequent execution is the theme of Eoin McNamee's 2010 novel, \\\"Orchid Blue\\\". Robert McGladdery Robert Andrew McGladdery (18 October 193520 December 1961) was the last person to be executed in Northern Ireland and the island of Ireland. He was\",\n \"title\": \"Robert McGladdery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084802\",\n \"text\": \"death penalty for \\\"particularly heinous crimes\\\". Capital punishment in Ireland Capital punishment in the Republic of Ireland was abolished in statute law in 1990, having been abolished in 1964 for most offences including ordinary murder. The last to be executed was Michael Manning, hanged for murder in 1954. All subsequent death sentences, the last handed down in 1985, were commuted by the President, on the advice of the Government, to terms of imprisonment of up to 40 years. The Twenty-first Amendment of the constitution, passed by referendum in 2001, prohibits the reintroduction of the death penalty, even during a state\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084780\",\n \"text\": \"The press expected only the nephew to be found guilty, but both were. She was hanged aged 31 in spite of the jury recommending clemency. During the state of emergency in World War II, increased IRA activity led to six executions. Five were shot by firing squad after sentence by military tribunals under the Emergency Powers Act 1939. Of these, Maurice O'Neill and Richard Goss had shot but not killed Gardaí: the only people executed by the state for a non-murder crime. Charlie Kerins, the IRA Chief of Staff, executed for murdering a Garda, was hanged rather than shot, making\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084774\",\n \"text\": \"last peacetime execution while Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was of William Scanlan in 1911 for murdering his sister-in-law. Execution of Irish republicans created political martyrs, such as the \\\"Manchester Martyrs\\\" of 1867. The Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act, 1882, was enacted during the Land War and introduced on the day of the funeral of Lord Frederick Cavendish, one of the Phoenix Park murder victims. This encouraged non-jury trials to impose death sentences, prompting Francis Alexander FitzGerald to resign in protest as baron of the exchequer. In fact no death sentence was passed\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3169182\",\n \"text\": \"was rejected. Capital punishment in Ireland had been abolished by the Criminal Justice Act 1990. The purpose of the amendment was therefore not to end the practice, but rather to forbid the Oireachtas from reintroducing the death penalty in future, even during a state of emergency. This is the only explicit exception to the sweeping powers otherwise granted to the state during such an emergency. The last execution in Ireland occurred in 1954 when the murderer Michael Manning was hanged, the sentence being carried out by Albert Pierrepoint who travelled from Great Britain where he was an official hangman. The\",\n \"title\": \"Twenty-first Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19856001\",\n \"text\": \"Marie and Noel Murray Marie and Noel Murray were an anarchist married couple who were among the last people to be sentenced to death in the Republic of Ireland. The couple were convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death in June 1976 for the murder of Garda Michael Reynolds the previous September. The sentences led to an outcry and a campaign to stop the executions received international attention. The sentences were quashed and the pair were convicted of common murder. They were both released in 1992. Marie and Noel Murray were both activists with a history of involvement in\",\n \"title\": \"Marie and Noel Murray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19856009\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional right to beget children within marriage was suspended while a spouse was lawfully imprisoned. Marie and Noel Murray Marie and Noel Murray were an anarchist married couple who were among the last people to be sentenced to death in the Republic of Ireland. The couple were convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death in June 1976 for the murder of Garda Michael Reynolds the previous September. The sentences led to an outcry and a campaign to stop the executions received international attention. The sentences were quashed and the pair were convicted of common murder. They were both released\",\n \"title\": \"Marie and Noel Murray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084773\",\n \"text\": \"reducing the penalties for numerous offences, and abolishing the capital crime of serving in the army or navy of France. The Offences Against the Person Act 1861 reduced the number of capital crimes from over two hundred to just three: murder, treason and piracy with violence. Death was a mandatory sentence for murder, though it was often commuted. The last public hanging in Ireland was in 1868; after the Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868 executions were carried out behind prison walls. Irish doctor Samuel Haughton developed the humane \\\"Standard Drop\\\" method of hanging that came into use in 1866. The\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084790\",\n \"text\": \"years 1946–62, 82 murders produced 73 arrests; of these 34 were unfit to plead because of insanity, 7 found guilty but insane, and 18 found guilty and thus mandatorily sentenced to death. The sentences were executed on 3 and commuted on the other 15, including all three women. Mamie Cadden was sentenced to be hanged in 1957 for felony murder after performing an illegal abortion on a woman who died. Death sentences were passed on 11 people after the 1964 Act, for 5 different incidents involving the capital murder of a total of 6 Gardaí (police). All were imposed by\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11298126\",\n \"text\": \"found it to be unsafe. \\\"Scapegoat\\\", a BBC Northern Ireland drama about the conviction of Hay Gordon, was broadcast in 2009. Curran presided over the trial of Robert McGladdery for the murder of 19-year-old Pearl Gamble, near Newry, in 1961. McGladdery protested his innocence but was found guilty and hanged at Crumlin Road jail in Belfast on 20 December 1961; it was the last hanging in Northern Ireland. A fictionalized account of the trial and execution of McGladdery, \\\"Orchid Blue\\\", was written by Eoin McNamee and published in 2010 (McNamee had previously written a Booker Prize-nominated novel, \\\"Blue Tango\\\", about\",\n \"title\": \"Lancelot Curran\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422339\",\n \"text\": \"three more Republican prisoners were executed in Dublin. On 7 December, Anti-Treaty IRA gunmen shot two TDs, Sean Hales and Pádraic Ó Máille, in Dublin as they were on their way to the Dáil. Hales was killed and O'Máille was badly wounded. After an emergency cabinet meeting, the Free State government decided on the retaliatory executions of four prominent Republicans (one from each province). Accordingly, on 8 December 1922, the day after Hales' killing, four members of the IRA Army Executive, who had been in jail since the first week of the war - Rory O'Connor, Liam Mellows, Richard Barrett\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1952162\",\n \"text\": \"on 15 August 1963 in Craiginches Prison, Aberdeen, for the murder of seaman Thomas Guyan. Northern Ireland: Robert McGladdery, 26, on 20 December 1961 in Crumlin Road Gaol, Belfast, for the murder of Pearl Gamble. Wales: Vivian Teed, 24, in Swansea on 6 May 1958, for the murder of William Williams, sub-postmaster of Fforestfach Post Office. Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom: Liam Holden in 1973 in Northern Ireland, for the capital murder of a British soldier during the Troubles. Holden was removed from the death cell in May 1973. In 2012 his conviction was quashed on appeal on the\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17158420\",\n \"text\": \"Murder of Eamon Ryan Eamon Ryan (1946/1947 – 7 August 1979) was an Irish civil servant and murder victim. He and his wife Bernadette had two children, Peter and Dorothy. Ryan had been studying for a Master's degree at Trinity College, Dublin. On 7 August 1979, he was in the Allied Irish Bank in Tramore, County Waterford, when it was raided by the IRA. Eamonn Nolan and Aaron O'Connell were later found guilty of his murder and given life sentences. The getaway driver, Bill Hayes, served nine years in prison. Ryan's death became the subject of media attention in 2013\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Eamon Ryan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422345\",\n \"text\": \"because the Free State was hesitant about executing an undisputed hero of the recent struggle against the British. Liam Deasy, captured in January 1923 avoided execution by signing a surrender document calling on the Anti-Treaty forces to lay down their arms. The Anti-Treaty side called a ceasefire on 30 April 1923 and ordered their men to \\\"dump arms\\\", ending the war, on 24 May. Nevertheless, executions of Republican prisoners continued after this time. Four IRA men were executed in May after the ceasefire order and the final two executions took place on 20 November, months after the end of hostilities.\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422359\",\n \"text\": \"Civil War, \\\"effectively ended,\\\" on 10 April 1923, when the Free State Army mortally wounded IRA Chief of Staff Liam Lynch during a skirmish in County Tipperary. Twenty days later, Lynch's successor, Frank Aiken, gave the order to \\\"dump arms.\\\" Even after the war was over, National Army troops occasionally killed anti-Treaty fighters. For example, Noel Lemass, a captain in the anti-Treaty IRA, was abducted in Dublin and summarily executed in July 1923, two months after the war had ended. His body was dumped, probably first in the River Liffey at Manor Kilbride, then moved to Killakee in the Dublin\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16610746\",\n \"text\": \"Liam Holden Liam Holden (born 1954) is an Irishman who, in 1973 at the age of 19, was sentenced to death by hanging following his conviction for killing a British soldier in Northern Ireland. He was the last person sentenced to death in the UK, as Northern Ireland maintained the death penalty following its abolition in Great Britain in 1969. There were, however, cases in the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man where death sentences were issued after this date. In July 1973 the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, William Whitelaw, commuted Holden's sentence to life imprisonment.\",\n \"title\": \"Liam Holden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422358\",\n \"text\": \"similar episodes took place elsewhere in the country in the same month. On 13 March, three Republican fighters were judicially executed in Wexford in the southeast. In revenge, three National Army soldiers were captured and killed. On 14 March at Drumboe Castle in County Donegal, in the northwest, four Anti-Treaty IRA fighters, Charles Daly (26), Sean Larkin (26), Daniel Enwright (23), and Timothy O' Sullivan (23), who had been captured and held in the castle since January, were summarily shot in retaliation for the death of a National Army soldier in an ambush. According to historian Tom Mahon, the Irish\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7603851\",\n \"text\": \"Gleeson was executed in Ireland in April 1941 for the Murder of Moll McCarthy in County Tipperary in November 1940. The Gardai withheld crucial evidence and fabricated other evidence against Gleeson. In 2015 he was posthumously pardoned. Jiang Guoqing (Jiang is the family name, Chinese: , 1975–1997) was a Republic of China (Taiwan) Air Force private who was executed by a military tribunal on August 13, 1997 for the rape and murder of a five-year-old girl. On January 28, 2011, over 13 years after the execution, Xu Rongzhou (Chinese: 許榮洲), who had a history of sexual abuse, admitted to the\",\n \"title\": \"Wrongful execution\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084791\",\n \"text\": \"the Special Criminal Court. The murders of several other gardaí, and of British ambassador Christopher Ewart-Biggs in 1976, might also have constituted capital crimes had any prosecution been brought. Of the 11 sentenced to death, 2 had the conviction for capital murder quashed on appeal, and were convicted instead of ordinary murder. The death sentences of the other 9 were commuted by the President on the advice of the government, to 40 years' imprisonment without parole. One conviction was overturned in 1995. The 40-year sentences were controversial, both because they had no statutory basis, and because they were not handed\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084793\",\n \"text\": \"was entitled to emission, which was rejected by the High Court in 2011, but upheld by the Supreme Court in 2013. Two of the four, who had already served over thirty years, were released straight away, while Callan and the fourth were released in December 2015 upon reaching 30 years. Noel Browne introduced a private member's bill to abolish the death penalty in March 1981. The Fianna Fáil government voted it down on its first reading. Fine Gael had supported the first reading and would have allowed a free vote at the second reading; the Labour Party supported abolition. The\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19886093\",\n \"text\": \"Shooting of Brian Stack Brian Stack (1935/1936 — 29 September 1984), the chief prison officer at Portlaoise Prison, was shot in the neck in 1983 by members of the Provisional IRA and died after 18 months in hospital. He was the only officer in the Irish Prison Service to be killed in connection with the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Political controversy arose in 2016 around allegations that Gerry Adams, the leader of Sinn Féin, knew the identity of the killers. Portlaoise Prison is the Republic of Ireland's high security prison and the place of detention for most of those convicted\",\n \"title\": \"Shooting of Brian Stack\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17103865\",\n \"text\": \"the killers. The PSNI, under Chief Constable Matt Baggott, pledged their full cooperation and support to bring to justice the murderers. There was widespread shock and outrage among the public on the island of Ireland following the shooting dead of Donohoe, and it was considered a \\\"national tragedy\\\". The last garda to be shot dead serving the state was Detective Garda Jerry McCabe in June 1996, by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) in County Limerick. Jerry McCabe's widow Anne McCabe spoke of her sympathy for the Donohoe family, and retired Detective Garda Ben O'Sullivan - who was shot but\",\n \"title\": \"Killing of Adrian Donohoe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16610757\",\n \"text\": \"1972, Holden was finally released from Crumlin Road Prison. However, his terrorism conviction remained active, hindering Holden from finding regular employment. He appealed, and, in 2012, prosecutors dropped their opposition to his appeal, thus quashing the 1973 conviction. Liam Holden Liam Holden (born 1954) is an Irishman who, in 1973 at the age of 19, was sentenced to death by hanging following his conviction for killing a British soldier in Northern Ireland. He was the last person sentenced to death in the UK, as Northern Ireland maintained the death penalty following its abolition in Great Britain in 1969. There were,\",\n \"title\": \"Liam Holden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"886940\",\n \"text\": \"Ireland, 15 of the 16 leaders who were executed were shot by British military authorities under martial law. The executions have often been cited as a reason for how the Rising managed to galvanise public support in Ireland after the failed rebellion. Italy had used the firing squad as its only form of death penalty, both for civilians and military, since the unification of the country in 1861. The death penalty was abolished completely by both Italian Houses of Parliament in 1889 but revived under the Italian dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in 1926. Mussolini was himself shot in the last\",\n \"title\": \"Execution by firing squad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422340\",\n \"text\": \"and Joe McKelvey - were executed in revenge. O'Connor and Mellows particularly were revered heroes of the War of Independence. This was arguably an unlawful act, as the four Republicans had been captured before the Dáil passed the legislation authorising executions. Later on the same day the Dáil debated the executions and retrospectively approved them by a vote of 39-14. One of the poignant aspects of the incident was that O'Connor and Kevin O'Higgins were formerly close friends, and O'Connor had been best man at O'Higgins' wedding just a few months previously. Historian Michael Hopkinson reports that Richard Mulcahy had\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"200207\",\n \"text\": \"each province), who had been held since the first week of the war—Rory O'Connor, Liam Mellows, Richard Barrett and Joe McKelvey — were executed in revenge for the killing of Hales. In addition, Free State troops, particularly in County Kerry, where the guerrilla campaign was most bitter, began the summary execution of captured anti-treaty fighters. The most notorious example of this occurred at Ballyseedy, where nine Republican prisoners were tied to a landmine, which was detonated, killing eight and only leaving one, Stephen Fuller, who was blown clear by the blast, to escape. The number of \\\"unauthorised\\\" executions of Republican\",\n \"title\": \"Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422360\",\n \"text\": \"Mountains, near Glencree, where it was found in October 1923. The spot where his body was found is marked by a memorial erected by his brother Seán Lemass - a future Taoiseach of Ireland. There are no conclusive figures for the number of unofficial executions of captured Anti-Treaty fighters, but Republican officer Todd Andrews put the figure for \\\"unauthorised killings\\\" at 153. It has been argued that the Free State Government's policy of executions helped to end the Civil War. After the executions in reprisal for the killing of Seán Hales, there were no further attempts to assassinate members of\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"200206\",\n \"text\": \"Army. The final phase of the Civil War degenerated into a series of atrocities that left a lasting legacy of bitterness in Irish politics. The Free State began executing Republican prisoners on 17 November 1922, when five IRA men were shot by firing squad. They were followed on 24 November by the execution of acclaimed author and treaty negotiator Erskine Childers. In all, the Free State sanctioned 77 official executions of anti-treaty prisoners during the Civil War. The Anti-Treaty IRA in reprisal assassinated TD Seán Hales. On 7 December 1922, the day after Hales' killing, four prominent Republicans (one from\",\n \"title\": \"Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19533221\",\n \"text\": \"of David Byrne and Gardaí believe they were planning to shoot someone. Gareth Hutch was shot several times by two attackers in a carpark near where he lived. He was a minor figure in the criminal world. In November 2018 the Special Criminal Court found Johnathan Keogh, his sister Regina Keogh and Thomas Fox guilty of the murder. All three were sentenced to life imprisonment. David Douglas was shot outside a shop he ran with his wife in Bridgefoot Street, Dublin 8. He had survived being shot the previous November. In August 2018 'Fat' Freddy Thompson was found guilty of\",\n \"title\": \"2015–18 Irish gangland feud\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422344\",\n \"text\": \"suspended executions and offered an amnesty in the hope that Anti-Treaty fighters would surrender. However, the war dragged for another two months and witnessed at least 20 more official executions, amongst them six men executed on 11 April in Tuam Military Barracks found guilty of the unlawful possession of arms on 21 February. There is a commemorative plaque in Tuam on the site of the old Military Barracks. Several Republican leaders narrowly avoided execution. Ernie O'Malley, captured on 4 November 1922, was not executed because he was too badly wounded when taken prisoner to face a court martial and possibly\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7265812\",\n \"text\": \"on 4 February 2008. Walsh and McAuley were released on 5 August 2009 after completing their full sentence. Sinn Féin had campaigned for their release under the Good Friday Agreement despite the Irish government's insistence that these prisoners were excluded during the negotiations for the Agreement. The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland accused the Irish government of \\\"double standards\\\" by not granting those responsible for the killing early release like paramilitary prisoners in Northern Ireland. McCabe's widow Anne has been praised for the way she conducted herself since the shooting. In New York in 2006, she challenged Gerry Adams as\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Jerry McCabe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084785\",\n \"text\": \"is clear to the Court and to everybody, except perhaps the unfortunate accused, that the sentence will never be carried out.\\\" Most cases were not prosecuted as murder before 1949, and a murder charge was still possible after then. The Criminal Justice Act 1951, in conformance with Article 13.6 of the Constitution, explicitly excluded capital cases from those to which the Government was granted the power to commute sentences. Successive Ministers for Justice were asked in the Dáil about abolishing the death penalty: in 1936 by Frank MacDermot; in 1939 by Jeremiah Hurley; in 1948 by James Larkin Jnr and\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422354\",\n \"text\": \"On 28 March, five IRA men, captured in an attack on Cahersiveen on 5 March were officially executed in Tralee. Another, captured the same day, was summarily shot and killed. Thirty-two Anti-Treaty fighters died in Kerry in March 1923, of whom only five were killed in combat. Free State officer Niall Harrington has suggested that reprisal killings of Republican prisoners continued in Kerry up to the end of the war. The Free State unit the Dublin Guard, and in particular their commander, Paddy Daly, were widely held to be responsible for these killings. They, however, claimed that the prisoners had\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084800\",\n \"text\": \"some voters were expressing dissatisfaction with the government. Ireland adopted the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR in 1993, and the Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in 1994, both of which prohibit the death penalty in peacetime. The reservation to ICCPR Article 6(5) was withdrawn in 1994. Ireland ratified the Thirteenth Protocol to the ECHR, which prohibits the death penalty in wartime, at its opening in 2002. The media occasionally reports calls to reconsider the ban on capital punishment. In November 2009, Richard Johnson, recently retired as President of the High Court, said that he\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422349\",\n \"text\": \"eye shot out while in custody. County Kerry, where the guerrilla campaign was most intense, would see many of the most vicious episodes in the Civil War. On 27 August, in the first such incident of its type, two anti-treaty fighters were shot after they had surrendered in Tralee, County Kerry. One of them, James Healy, was left for dead but survived to tell of the incident. Republicans also killed prisoners. After their successful attack on Kenmare on 9 September, the Anti-Treaty IRA separated National Army officer Tom \\\"Scarteen\\\" O'Connor and his brother from the 120 other prisoners and shot\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7797211\",\n \"text\": \"pain of death for any man to help Spaniards. Many survivors were delivered to Galway from all over the province. In the first wave of seizures, 40 noblemen were reserved for ransom, and 300 men were put to death. Later, on the orders of Fitzwilliam, all the unarmed noblemen except two were also executed, along with six Dutch boys who had fallen into custody afterward. In all, 12 ships were wrecked on the coast of Connacht, and 1,100 survivors were put to death. Galway: \\\"Falcon Blanco\\\" (300 tons, 103 men, 16 guns) and \\\"Concepción de Juanes del Cano\\\" of Biscay\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish Armada in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084779\",\n \"text\": \"custom of having a British hangman come to Mountjoy Prison to perform executions. There was local opposition to this, and in the 1940s an Irishman sent to Britain as apprentice to Albert Pierrepoint was deemed to lack \\\"the character to be an executioner\\\". 55 men and women were also sentenced to death in that time period but ultimately received a reprieve. Thirteen were sentenced for murdering their newborns, and 42 for other types of murder. The only woman executed after independence was Annie Walsh in 1925. She and her nephew blamed each other for the murder of her elderly husband.\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17103869\",\n \"text\": \"More lined the route as the procession made its way to the graveyard. It was the largest funeral in Ireland for a number of years. Among those in attendance were President Michael D. Higgins, Taoiseach Enda Kenny, Tánaiste Eamon Gilmore, Minister for Justice Alan Shatter and several senior government ministers, Garda Commissioner Martin Callinan, Irish Defence Forces Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Sean McCann, Cardinal Seán Brady, Northern Ireland Secretary of State Theresa Villiers, Northern Ireland Justice Minister David Ford and PSNI Chief Constable Matt Baggott. Fr Michael Cusack presided over the mass. Donohoe's colleague Joe Ryan, who was present\",\n \"title\": \"Killing of Adrian Donohoe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19602964\",\n \"text\": \"Murder of David Douglas David \\\"Dathaí\\\" Douglas, an Irish zookeeper turned criminal, was shot dead on 1 July 2016. He had convictions dating from the 1980s as well as more recent ones and had survived a shooting the previous November. His murder is part of the 2015–18 Irish gangland feud. In August 2018 'Fat' Freddy Thompson was found guilty of the murder by the Special Criminal Court. In 1983 he received a twelve-year sentence at the Special Criminal Court for shooting with intent to kill a Garda during an armed robbery at an Allied Irish Banks sub branch at Wang\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of David Douglas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8701174\",\n \"text\": \"blanket. He commenced a hunger strike on 19 April 1946. After 10 days, he stopped taking water and died on 11 May, the twenty-third day of his protest. He was buried in a family grave in Milltown Cemetery which is under the care of the National Graves Association, Belfast. He was the last person to die on hunger strike in the Irish state. Seán McCaughey Seán McCaughey (Irish: Seán Mac Eóchaidh) (1915 – 11 May 1946) was an Irish Republican Army leader in the 1930s and 1940s, and hunger striker. Born in Aughnacloy, County Tyrone, McCaughey was Adjutant-General of the\",\n \"title\": \"Seán McCaughey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422343\",\n \"text\": \"under way again in earnest in late December 1922. On 19 December, seven IRA men from Kildare were shot in the Curragh Camp, Co. Kildare. and ten days later, two more were shot in Kilkenny. Most of those executed were prisoners held in Kilmainham and Mountjoy Gaols in Dublin, but from January 1923, Kevin O'Higgins argued that executions should be carried out in every county in order to maximise their impact. Accordingly, in that month, 34 prisoners were shot in such places as Dundalk, Roscrea, Carlow, Birr and Portlaoise, Limerick, Tralee, Roscrea and Athlone. From 8–18 February, the Free State\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12475296\",\n \"text\": \"Forgotten Ten The Forgotten Ten () is the term applied to ten members of the Irish Republican Army who were executed in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin by British forces following courts martial from 1920–21 during the Irish War of Independence. Based upon military law at the time, they were buried within the prison precincts, their graves unmarked in the unconsecrated ground. The names of the Forgotten Ten are Kevin Barry, Patrick Moran, Frank Flood, Thomas Whelan, Thomas Traynor, Patrick Doyle, Edmond Foley, Thomas Bryan, Bernard Ryan, and Patrick Maher. The executioner was John Ellis, one of the United Kingdom's hangmen at\",\n \"title\": \"Forgotten Ten\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19602971\",\n \"text\": \"with the verdict and that the investigation is ongoing. Counsel for Thompson said the verdict would be appealed. Murder of David Douglas David \\\"Dathaí\\\" Douglas, an Irish zookeeper turned criminal, was shot dead on 1 July 2016. He had convictions dating from the 1980s as well as more recent ones and had survived a shooting the previous November. His murder is part of the 2015–18 Irish gangland feud. In August 2018 'Fat' Freddy Thompson was found guilty of the murder by the Special Criminal Court. In 1983 he received a twelve-year sentence at the Special Criminal Court for shooting with\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of David Douglas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422363\",\n \"text\": \"partially alleviated after 1932, when Fianna Fáil, the party that represented the bulk of the Republican constituency, entered government peacefully; it introduced a new Constitution in 1937. The Free State officially became the Republic of Ireland in 1949. Kevin O'Higgins, the man Republicans saw as most directly responsible for the enactment of the Public Safety Act, with its sanction of executions, himself fell victim to assassination by the IRA in 1927 - becoming one of the last victims of Civil War era violence in Ireland. Richard Mulcahy became a leader of Fine Gael in 1948, but never became Taoiseach because\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17972863\",\n \"text\": \"July 2010. No reason has ever been publicly proferred for Armstrong's abduction and murder. In September 2015 the bodies of Seamus Wright and Kevin McKee were found in a bog in Coghalstown, County Meath. In May 2017 a body was found in a forest in northern France identified as that of Seamus Ruddy. There were two further disappearances in the 2000s. Gareth O'Connor, believed to have been a member of the Real IRA, disappeared while driving from Armagh to Dundalk in 2003. His body was discovered in Newry in 2005. In March 2005, Lisa Dorrian disappeared after attending a party\",\n \"title\": \"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4094425\",\n \"text\": \"of murder. In accordance with military procedure the verdict was not announced in court. He was returned to Mountjoy, and at about 8 o’clock that night, the district court-martial officer entered his cell and read out the sentence: death by hanging. The public learned on 28 October that the date of execution had been fixed for 1 November. Barry spent the last day of his life preparing for death. His ordeal focused world attention on Ireland. According to Sean Cronin, author of a biography of Barry (\\\"Kevin Barry\\\"), he hoped for a firing squad rather than the gallows, as he\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin Barry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3442801\",\n \"text\": \"and they played a game of handball that day. He couldn't have been more normal.\\\" Manning left a wife who was pregnant at the time of the murder. His body was buried in an unmarked grave in a yard at Mountjoy Prison. The death penalty was abolished in 1964 for all but the murder of Gardaí, diplomats and prison officers. It was abolished by statute for these remaining offences in 1990 and was finally expunged from the Constitution of Ireland by a referendum in 2001. The hanging of Michael Manning inspired a play by Ciaran Creagh. Creagh's father, Timothy, was\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Manning (murderer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422342\",\n \"text\": \"the family home in Stradbally. The President of the Executive Council W. T. Cosgrave's home was burned and his uncle was assassinated. In all, the Free State formally sanctioned the execution of between 77 and 81 Anti-Treaty fighters during the war. Republican historian Dorothy Macardle popularised the number 77 in Republican consciousness, but she appears to have left out those executed for activities such as armed robbery. Those executed were tried by court-martial in a military court and had to be found guilty merely of bearing arms against the State. After the initial round of executions, the firing squads got\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12475301\",\n \"text\": \"uncle. Forgotten Ten The Forgotten Ten () is the term applied to ten members of the Irish Republican Army who were executed in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin by British forces following courts martial from 1920–21 during the Irish War of Independence. Based upon military law at the time, they were buried within the prison precincts, their graves unmarked in the unconsecrated ground. The names of the Forgotten Ten are Kevin Barry, Patrick Moran, Frank Flood, Thomas Whelan, Thomas Traynor, Patrick Doyle, Edmond Foley, Thomas Bryan, Bernard Ryan, and Patrick Maher. The executioner was John Ellis, one of the United Kingdom's hangmen\",\n \"title\": \"Forgotten Ten\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17972861\",\n \"text\": \"buried at Waterfoot, County Antrim. Columba McVeigh, a 17-year-old from Donaghmore, County Tyrone, disappeared in 1975. The IRA allege he had confessed to being a British Army agent, instructed to infiltrate the IRA. Brendan Megraw disappeared in 1978. In August 2014 a bog in County Meath was searched for his body, with human remains discovered in September. Gerard Evans, 24, was a man from Crossmaglen who disappeared while hitchhiking in County Monaghan in March 1979. In March 2008 a map was given to Evans' aunt. In 2008, the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains appealed for more information\",\n \"title\": \"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19856004\",\n \"text\": \"the official verdict, Marie Murray shot Reynolds in the head as he closed in on them. The gang got away. Garda Reynolds died two hours later in hospital. In the aftermath of the incident, numerous raids were carried out on known republicans and leftists. Noel and Marie Murray, along with Ronan Stenson, were eventually charged with the murder of Reynolds. They were tried by Justice Denis Pringle at the Special Criminal Court. They were convicted of capital murder on 9 June 1976 and sentenced to death. The conviction sent shockwaves across the country as nobody had been executed in Ireland\",\n \"title\": \"Marie and Noel Murray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17108708\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Hartley Montgomery Sub-Inspector Thomas Hartley Montgomery (1842 – 26 August 1873, Omagh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) was a senior official of the Royal Irish Constabulary. He is the only police officer in Irish history to receive the death penalty for murder. On 29 June 1871, Sub-Inspector Montgomery, who was chronically short of funds, assaulted William Glass, a clerk employed by the Northern Bank, with a hedge knife and stabbed him through the head with a filing spike. Sub-Inspector Montgomery then stole £1,600 from the till. In the aftermath, Inspector Montgomery took charge of the investigation and\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Hartley Montgomery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084778\",\n \"text\": \"British laws, the \\\"Special Powers Act\\\" (adopted in the form of a motion rather than an act of parliament) was passed by the Third Dáil on 26 September 1922 authorising military tribunals to impose death sentences on the anti-Treaty forces. During the Civil War the Free State government executed 81 captured anti-Treaty fighters by firing squad, as well as ordering extra-judicial killings. Between November 1923 and April 1954, there were a total of 35 executions in the state. In the 1920s, execution was relatively common for murderers. In the absence of a local executioner, the Irish government retained the pre-independence\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15737146\",\n \"text\": \"with the Historical Enquiries Team and determine who killed his sister: In June 2013 the Northern Ireland Assembly passed a bill to bar anyone with a serious conviction from being named a special political adviser (SPAD). The bill was put forward by Jim Allister who was inspired by Ann Travers' campaign. Allister said \\\"She (Ann Travers) has done right and done well by her late sister and father, and we all owe her a great debt of gratitude.\\\" About the bill, Ann Travers said: Murder of Mary Travers Mary Travers (Irish: Máire Ó Treabhair; b. 1962 – d. 8 April\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Mary Travers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084797\",\n \"text\": \"minimum age for the death penalty. In May 1989, Fianna Fáil minister Michael Woods stated: After the June 1989 general election, Fianna Fáil formed a coalition with the PDs; the agreed programme for government included abolishing the death penalty. It was abolished for all offences by the Criminal Justice Act 1990, which made life imprisonment the penalty for what had been capital crimes, and all except the military crimes had a minimum term of not less than forty years; remission rules are stricter than for other crimes. The Child Care Bill 1988 was still pending, so the section relating to\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14016523\",\n \"text\": \"Free State sanctioned 77 official executions of anti-treaty prisoners during the Civil War. The Anti-Treaty IRA in reprisal assassinated TD Seán Hales. On 7 December 1922, the day after Hales' killing, four prominent Republicans (one from each province), who had been held since the first week of the war—Rory O'Connor, Liam Mellows, Richard Barrett and Joe McKelvey — were executed in revenge for the killing of Hales. In addition, Free State troops, particularly in County Kerry, where the guerrilla campaign was most bitter, began the summary execution of captured anti-treaty fighters. The most notorious example of this occurred at Ballyseedy,\",\n \"title\": \"Guerrilla phase of the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7265811\",\n \"text\": \"terms of the Good Friday Agreement. In 2005, the prisoners stated that they did not want their release \\\"to be part of any further negotiations with the Irish government.\\\" Pearse McAuley from Strabane and three County Limerick men – Jeremiah Sheehy, Michael O'Neill and Kevin Walsh – were convicted by the non-jury Special Criminal Court of manslaughter. McAuley had escaped from Brixton Prison in 1991 while awaiting prosecution over an IRA campaign in England and had jumped bail in the Republic of Ireland two months before the shooting. O'Neill was released from prison on 15 May 2007 with Sheehy released\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Jerry McCabe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"961147\",\n \"text\": \"to murder Adair and Sam McCrory. Charges against one of the accused in the trial were dropped on 1 July. On 10 September 2016, Johnny and Gina Adair's son, Jonathan Jr, was found dead in Troon, aged 32. Adair Jr died from an accidental overdose while celebrating the day after his release from prison for motoring offences. Adair Jr had been in and out of jail ever since the family fled Northern Ireland. He served a five-year sentence for dealing heroin and crack cocaine. The year before Jonathan had been cleared of a gun raid at a party and in\",\n \"title\": \"Johnny Adair\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4094402\",\n \"text\": \"Kevin Barry Kevin Gerard Barry (20 January 1902 – 1 November 1920) was the first Irish republican to be executed by the British since the leaders of the Easter Rising. Barry was sentenced to death for his part in an Irish Volunteers operation which resulted in the deaths of three British soldiers. Barry's execution outraged nationalist public opinion in Ireland and its diaspora, largely because of his age. The timing of the execution, only days after the death by hunger strike of Terence MacSwiney, the republican Lord Mayor of Cork, brought public opinion to fever-pitch. His treatment and death attracted\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin Barry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19533227\",\n \"text\": \"maker and member of the New INLA, was later charged with Gareth Hutch's murder. The body of 24 year Kane McCormack who had been shot in the head was found in Waltersdown, Co. Meath between Leixlip and Dunboyne. He was last seen alive at 5pm the previous day after telling his partner he was going to meet someone. When he failed to return, his partner became concerned for his safety and contacted the Gardaí. His car was later found at an Aldi supermarket in Clonee. There were no confirmed sightings of him after he left his partner. Gardaí believe he\",\n \"title\": \"2015–18 Irish gangland feud\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422355\",\n \"text\": \"been killed while clearing roads by landmines laid by Republicans. When questioned in the Dáil by Labour Party leader Thomas Johnson, Richard Mulcahy, the National Army's commander-in-chief, supported Daly's story. A military Court of Enquiry conducted in April 1923 cleared the Free State troops of the charge of killing their prisoners. It has since emerged, however, that the prisoners were beaten, tied to explosives and then killed. At Cahersiveen, the prisoners were reportedly shot in the legs before being blown up to preclude their escaping. Two Free State officers, Lieutenants Niall Harrington and W McCarthy (who both resigned over the\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1930086\",\n \"text\": \"In 1927, a relief of O'Higgins was posthumously added to a 1923 cenotaph in the grounds of Leinster House dedicated to Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith. This was replaced in 1950, by a simpler granite obelisk commemorating Griffith, Collins and O'Higgins. In July 2012, Taoiseach Enda Kenny unveiled a commemorative plaque to his memory at the site in Booterstown where he was shot. His brother Thomas F. O'Higgins and nephews Tom O'Higgins and Michael O'Higgins were later elected TDs. His granddaughter Iseult O'Malley is a judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland. Kevin O'Higgins Kevin Christopher O'Higgins (; 7 June\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin O'Higgins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17972860\",\n \"text\": \"a search of an area of Coghalstown Bog in County Meath for Lynskey's body. Jean McConville, a widowed mother of 10, disappeared in December 1972. Her body was found on a beach in County Louth in 2003; in October 2014 a man was arrested in connection with her murder, and two further men were arrested in December 2014. Peter Wilson, 21, a native of West Belfast, with five siblings, was described as \\\"a vulnerable man with learning difficulties\\\". He was abducted by the IRA in the summer of 1973, somewhere in the St James area of Belfast, killed and secretly\",\n \"title\": \"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12569403\",\n \"text\": \"Irish Republican Socialist Party, the INLA's political wing, who stated that only one of the men (Pringle) had had a peripheral connection with the Irish Republican organisation some years earlier. All three men were found guilty of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. Two weeks before their execution dates in June 1981, their sentences were commuted to 40 years imprisonment with no chance of parole. Pringle always denied any involvement in the crime and his conviction was overturned by the high court in 1995 due to discrepancies in the evidence. In September 2012, Colm O'Shea was one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Henry Byrne and John Morley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084782\",\n \"text\": \"while Behan was imprisoned there. The 1922 \\\"Special Powers Act\\\" was replaced after the Civil War by a series of Public Safety Acts promoted by Cumann na nGaedheal governments to counter residual republican paramilitary activity. The 1923 act, valid for six months, allowed the death penalty for \\\"armed revolt against the Government of Saorstát Eireann\\\", whereas the 1924 act, valid for one year, reduced this to life imprisonment. The Treasonable Offences Act, 1925 defined such offences as treason punishable by death. The Public Safety Act 1927, passed in response to the assassination of Kevin O'Higgins, provided for a special military\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084792\",\n \"text\": \"down by a judge. The Court of Criminal Appeal has upheld the sentences as the extra-judicial procedure is in step with the Irish Constitution's provision for commuting sentences. Four convicts were released in 1998 under the amnesty of political prisoners under the Good Friday Agreement. The remaining four protested that they were also eligible for the amnesty, but were not released under its provisions. The state refused to grant the standard remission of sentences due for good behaviour, which would make them eligible for parole after 30 years. One of the four, Noel Callan, took a court case that he\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422352\",\n \"text\": \"Republican prisoners were taken from Ballymullen Barracks in Tralee to Ballyseedy crossroads and tied to a landmine which was then detonated, after which the survivors were machine-gunned. One of the prisoners, Stephen Fuller, was blown to safety by the blast of the explosion. He was taken in at the nearby home of Michael and Hannah Curran. They cared for him and although badly injured, he survived. Fuller later became a Fianna Fáil TD. The Free State troops in nearby Tralee had prepared nine coffins and were surprised to find only the scattered remains of eight bodies on the scene. There\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17103844\",\n \"text\": \"Killing of Adrian Donohoe Detective Garda Adrian Donohoe (14 January 1972 – 25 January 2013) was an Irish police detective working for the Garda Síochána, the national police service of Ireland. He was attached to Dundalk Garda Station in County Louth, and was fatally shot in Bellurgan, County Louth (near Jenkinstown) on 25 January 2013 by an armed gang of five people during a robbery on a credit union. He was the first garda officer to be shot dead in the line of duty since 1996, and was afforded a full state funeral. On 4 March 2018, 27-year-old Aaron Brady\",\n \"title\": \"Killing of Adrian Donohoe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17972862\",\n \"text\": \"regarding his disappearance. Remains were found in County Louth in October 2010, which were later confirmed as being Evans' in November 2010. An alleged member of the Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade told the \\\"Sunday Tribune\\\" that Evans was executed for being an informer. Charles Armstrong was a 54-year-old father-of-five who went missing in Crossmaglen while walking to mass in 1981; his car was later found in Dundalk. The IRA denied any involvement in his disappearance at the time. Armstrong's family began a fresh, private search for his remains in October 2003. They were located in County Monaghan, Ireland in\",\n \"title\": \"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17972858\",\n \"text\": \"of the sixteen – Eamon Molloy, Seamus Wright, Kevin McKee, Jean McConville, Columba McVeigh, Brendan Megraw, John McClory, Brian McKinney, and Danny McIlhone. British Army officer Robert Nairac, who disappeared from South Armagh, was a Mauritius-born Roman Catholic. The organisation said they could only accurately locate the body of one of their victims, but gave rough ideas for the remaining eight. , the remains of three of the victims have still not been found. Joseph Lynskey (40), a veteran Irish Republican paramilitary and Provisional Irish Republican Army member from Cavendish Street in Belfast, disappeared during a violent internal PIRA feud\",\n \"title\": \"Disappeared (Northern Ireland)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084789\",\n \"text\": \"Garda was acting \\\"in the course of his duty\\\", despite not being on duty; but that, as he was in plain clothes, the Murrays did not know he was a Garda; and so, while there was intent (\\\"mens rea\\\") to commit murder, there was no intent to commit capital murder. From 1923 to 1964, 40 death sentences were commuted to life imprisonment; three condemned were found insane, and three died awaiting execution. Criminology professor Ian O'Donnell wrote in 2016 that murderers with commuted death sentences \\\"were released after periods of time that would be considered absurdly short today\\\". In the\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1453637\",\n \"text\": \"1921. Between 1 November 1920 and 7 June 1921 twenty-four men were executed by the British. The first IRA volunteer to be executed was Kevin Barry, one of The Forgotten Ten who were buried in unmarked graves in unconsecrated ground inside Mountjoy Prison until 2001. On 1 February, the first execution under martial law of an IRA man took place. Cornelius Murphy of Millstreet, Cork was shot in Cork city. On 28 February, six more were executed, again in Cork. On 19 March 1921, Tom Barry's 100-strong West Cork IRA unit fought an action against 1,200 British troops – the\",\n \"title\": \"Irish War of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16796625\",\n \"text\": \"Murder of Charles Bennett Charles Bennett (c. 1977 – 30 July 1999) was an Irish murder victim. A native of North Belfast and a taxi driver, Charles Bennett was twenty-two. On the final night of his life, he answered a call at his front door, and went outside with the callers. His body was found in the car park of St. Gall's GAA club, Fall's Road. He had been so badly mutilated that he was not immediately recognised. He had been gagged and bound, then shot in the head. His death had implications for the ongoing Northern Ireland peace process,\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Charles Bennett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15238919\",\n \"text\": \"suspects. Dassen Narraien, and Seenarain Mungoo were arrested the following week and charged with aiding and abetting a crime. Narraien and Mungoo were both security officers at the hotel. Mungoo was released and had all charges against him dropped on 12 February 2011. McAreavey was brought home to be waked. Notables to visit the wake included Cardinal Edward Daly; 1992 All-Ireland winning manager Brian McEniff; GAA President Christy Cooney, Northern Ireland's First Minister and deputy First Ministers, the Democratic Unionist Peter Robinson and Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness; sports minister Nelson McCausland, enterprise minister Arlene Foster and justice committee chairman Maurice\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Michaela McAreavey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3190261\",\n \"text\": \"they knew. The Invincibles' leader, James Carey, and Michael Kavanagh agreed to testify against the others. Joe Brady, Michael Fagan, Thomas Caffrey, Dan Curley and Tim Kelly were hanged by William Marwood in Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin between 14 May and 4 June 1883. Others were sentenced to long prison terms. No member of the founding executive, however, was ever brought to trial by the British government. John Walsh, Patrick Egan, John Sheridan, Frank Byrne, and Patrick Tynan were welcomed in the United States, where sentiment toward the murders was less severe, although not celebratory. Carey was shot dead on\",\n \"title\": \"Irish National Invincibles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16208566\",\n \"text\": \"were killed outright. They were William Gary Bleeks (25), Cecil James Caldwell (37), Robert Dunseath (25), David Harkness (23), John Richard McConnell (38), Nigel McKee (22) and Robert Irons (61). The van's driver, Oswald Gilchrist (44), died of his wounds in hospital four days later. Robert Dunseath was a British soldier serving with the Royal Irish Rangers. The other six men were badly injured. It was the highest death toll from one incident in Northern Ireland since 1988. The IRA's Tyrone Brigade claimed responsibility for the bombing shortly after. It argued that the men were legitimate targets because they were\",\n \"title\": \"Teebane bombing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18941024\",\n \"text\": \"Say No\\\", was banned by the Irish Film Censor for immorality. Carlo Gébler's 2011 novel \\\"The Dead Eight\\\" is based on the murder case. Murder of Moll McCarthy Mary McCarthy, known as Moll Carthy (1902–20/21 November 1940), was a smallholder, prostitute, and murder victim from Marlhill, near New Inn, County Tipperary in Ireland. Henry \\\"Harry\\\" Gleeson (1903–23 April 1941) from Holycross, County Tipperary, was convicted of her murder and executed, but granted a posthumous pardon in 2015. Mary McCarthy or Carthy, known as Moll, was an unmarried mother who had seven children by at least six different fathers between 1921\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Moll McCarthy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6385619\",\n \"text\": \"of her 112th birthday, her death was recorded three days later in Ravensdale, County Louth and attributed to syncope, her obituary was published in numerous Irish media publications, and in England in \\\"The Times\\\". A telegram of condolence was sent to her relatives by King George V. Katherine Plunket Katherine Plunket (born as Catherine Plunket; 22 November 1820 – 14 October 1932) was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat from Ballymascanlan, County Louth, a prolific botanical illustrator and the oldest person ever to die in Ireland, at 111 years and 327 days. Plunket was born at Kilsaran, near Castlebellingham in County Louth. The\",\n \"title\": \"Katherine Plunket\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20969638\",\n \"text\": \"Hawe familicide On August 29 2016, a murder-suicide took place close to the town of Ballyjamesduff in County Cavan, Ireland. A family of five consisting of three young boys, Ryan, Niall and Liam, their mother Clodagh and their father Alan were all found dead inside a house in Oakdene at approximately 11:00 am. At 10:45 am Clodagh's mother called to the house and contacted Garda Síochána to raise the alarm. The family were identified as the Hawe Family.It was later determined that Alan Hawe, the owner of the home, had committed the murder. He had stabbed his wife and three\",\n \"title\": \"Hawe familicide\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1833879\",\n \"text\": \"that decided me ... Of course, Dad and I don't talk about the hangman's job. I know it is supposed to run in families, but I've decided it is \\\"out\\\" for me – though someone has to do it\\\". However, a report in \\\"The Spokesman Review\\\" (8 May 1961) headlined \\\"Hangman Quits To Save Lives\\\" stated that he had quit because of a \\\"conflict of loyalties\\\" – he had recently qualified as a mental health nurse and had taken a vow to \\\"do all in my power to save and preserve life\\\". Allen performed the last execution in Northern Ireland\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Allen (executioner)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18690663\",\n \"text\": \"Murder of Elaine O'Hara Elaine O'Hara (17 March 1976 – c. 22 August 2012), was an Irish childcare worker, and was last seen alive at a public park in Shanganagh, Dublin on 22 August 2012. The remains of her body were discovered on Killakee Mountain, south of Dublin, in September 2013. The investigation of her disappearance, and later of her death, was widely reported. The 2015 trial and conviction of her murderer, architect Graham Dwyer, led to the circulation of evidence concerning O'Hara's and Dwyer's involvement in the BDSM sexual subculture. The evidence of Dwyer's sadistic sexual practices led to\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Elaine O'Hara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5527310\",\n \"text\": \"of Dublin). Imprisoned in Mountjoy Gaol, Mellows, O'Connor, McKelvey and Barrett were executed by firing squad on 8 December 1922, in reprisal for the shooting of TD Seán Hales (see Executions during the Irish Civil War). These executions and their effects on their fellow prisoners are described in Peadar O'Donnell's Irish Civil War memoir, \\\"The Gates Flew Open.\\\" Mellows is commemorated by statues in Eyre Square in Galway, in the official name of the Irish Defence Forces army barracks at Renmore (\\\"Dún Úi Maoilíosa\\\") and in the naming of Mellows Bridge in Dublin. He is also commemorated in the names\",\n \"title\": \"Liam Mellows\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18690680\",\n \"text\": \"been struck down by the European Court of Justice in 2014. These claims contributed to a review of how state agencies use the type of data covered by the legislation. And, if upheld, it has been reported that the appeal could impact the admissibility of the mobile phone evidence in the Dwyer case - and other cases which rely upon mobile phone data in Garda investigations. Murder of Elaine O'Hara Elaine O'Hara (17 March 1976 – c. 22 August 2012), was an Irish childcare worker, and was last seen alive at a public park in Shanganagh, Dublin on 22 August\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Elaine O'Hara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7422338\",\n \"text\": \"On 24 November Childers was executed by firing squad. Childers was the Republican head of propaganda and it was widely speculated that seven low-ranking Republicans were shot before Childers so that it would not look as if he had been singled out to be executed. In response to the executions, on 30 November, Liam Lynch, Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA, ordered that any member of Parliament (TD) or senator who had signed or voted for the \\\"murder bill\\\" should be shot on sight. He also ordered the killing of hostile judges and newspaper editors. On the same day,\",\n \"title\": \"Executions during the Irish Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17158421\",\n \"text\": \"when his family criticized Sinn Féin for giving an award to Hayes. In reply, \\\"Hayes said he wanted to offer his deep sympathy and apologies to Eamon Ryan's family for what they had suffered.\\\" Murder of Eamon Ryan Eamon Ryan (1946/1947 – 7 August 1979) was an Irish civil servant and murder victim. He and his wife Bernadette had two children, Peter and Dorothy. Ryan had been studying for a Master's degree at Trinity College, Dublin. On 7 August 1979, he was in the Allied Irish Bank in Tramore, County Waterford, when it was raided by the IRA. Eamonn Nolan\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Eamon Ryan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7687850\",\n \"text\": \"South Armagh. The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) issued a statement that O'Hare will not be arrested on suspicion of involvement in up to 30 unsolved killings as the alleged offences predate the Good Friday Agreement. However, investigations have not been ruled out by the Historical Enquiries Team, which has been assigned to probe all unsolved killings during the Troubles. In December 2006 drug-dealer Martin \\\"Marlo\\\" Hyland was shot dead at his Dublin home, along with a plumber called Anthony Campbell who was working there. Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern stated in the Dáil Éireann that a \\\"significant former paramilitary\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Dessie O'Hare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13910806\",\n \"text\": \"hung jury after one of the longest deliberation in Irish legal history. Due to the fact that according to his defence counsel Martin O'Rourke SC, his confession was due to threats and inducements made while in custody. On 15 February 2012, following a re-trial, Barry Doyle was convicted of the murder of Shane Geoghegan, in which he pleaded not guilty. The jury of three women and eight men returned a unanimous guilty verdict, after deliberating for six hours. Justice Garrett Sheehan imposed a life sentence on Doyle, then a 26-year-old father-of-three. \\\"There is only one sentence this court can impose\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Shane Geoghegan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12068939\",\n \"text\": \"off; the shot killed him. One of the women prisoners in the van then took the keys from his belt and passed them to the Fenians, who unlocked the van and rushed Deasy and Kelly away. A reward of £300 (£24,000 as of 2015) was offered, without result. Three of the Fenian rescuers, William Philip Allen, Michael Larkin, and Michael O'Brien, were arrested after a massive manhunt, and executed after a swift trial followed by many appeals. Their execution was badly bungled and widely reported. Their cause was taken up worldwide and was one of the foundations of Irish revolutionary\",\n \"title\": \"Timothy Deasy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2580857\",\n \"text\": \"7-year-old Grace Hanagan who was born in Oshawa, Ontario, on 16 May 1907, and was traveling with her parents who were among the Salvation Army members who did not survive. Grace Hanagan Martyn was also the last survivor of the sinking and died in St. Catharines, Ontario on 15 May 1995 at the age of 87, one day before her 88th birthday. As for \\\"Storstad\\\"s Chief Officer Alfred Toftenes, little is known of what became of him except that he died in New York a few years later, in 1918. He is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Robert Crellin\",\n \"title\": \"RMS Empress of Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1453621\",\n \"text\": \"British forces carried out 38,720 raids on private homes, arrested 4,982 suspects, committed 1,604 armed assaults, carried out 102 indiscriminate shootings and burnings in towns and villages, and killed 77 people including women and children. In March 1920, Tomás Mac Curtain, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, was shot dead in front of his wife at his home, by men with blackened faces who were seen returning to the local police barracks. The jury at the inquest into his death returned a verdict of wilful murder against David Lloyd George (the British Prime Minister) and District Inspector Swanzy, among\",\n \"title\": \"Irish War of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9331724\",\n \"text\": \"Death of John Ward On 14 October 2004, Pádraig Nally, an Irish farmer living in County Mayo, Republic of Ireland shot dead an Irish Traveller named John \\\"Frog\\\" Ward, with 80 criminal convictions over 30 years, who had been trespassing on his property. In November 2005 Nally was sentenced to six years' imprisonment for manslaughter. His conviction was quashed in October 2006 and, after a retrial in December 2006, he was found not guilty of manslaughter. The Central Criminal Court decided to hear the Nally case in Castlebar, making it the first murder trial in Mayo for almost a century;\",\n \"title\": \"Death of John Ward\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12569405\",\n \"text\": \"releases were not published in the national press until October 2013. The events of the crime are recalled in a 2012 episode of the RTÉ One programme \\\"Garda ar Lár\\\". Murder of Henry Byrne and John Morley Henry Byrne and John Morley, two officers of the Garda Síochána, the police force of Ireland, were murdered on 7 July 1980 by alleged members of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) during a pursuit in the aftermath of a bank robbery near Loughglynn, County Roscommon. The officers' deaths provoked national outrage. Three men were apprehended, convicted and sentenced to death for capital\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Henry Byrne and John Morley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15078176\",\n \"text\": \"his younger brother John, along with Henry Pierrepoint. He was a small celebrity during this period among the populace, many of whom wanted to catch a glimpse of this relatively young man who was the country's executioner. Billington carried out the vast majority of executions from 1902 to 1904. He carried out the last one to take place at Newgate Prison on 2 May 1902 and the first at Pentonville on 30 September 1902. He also performed a few executions in Ireland. Billington was married with two children, but he also had problems with alcohol. In the summer of 1905,\",\n \"title\": \"William Billington\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was the last person executed in ireland"}}},{"rowIdx":75,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Epistle to the Galatians"],"string":"[\n \"Epistle to the Galatians\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"5651520","text":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit The Fruit of the Holy Spirit is a biblical term that sums up nine attributes of a person or community living in accord with the Holy Spirit, according to chapter 5 of the Epistle to the Galatians: \"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control.\" The fruit is contrasted with the which immediately precede it in this chapter. Catholic tradition follows the Vulgate version of Galatians in listing 12 fruits: charity, joy, peace, patience, benignity (kindness), goodness, longanimity (generosity), mildness (gentleness), faith, modesty, continency (self-control), and","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651524","text":"and lasts only for a time. According to Strong's Greek Lexicon, the Greek word listed in the verse is χαρά (G5479), meaning 'joy', 'gladness', or 'a source of joy'. The Greek χαρά (chara) occurs 59 times in 57 verses in the Greek concordance of the NASB. Joy (Noun and Verb), Joyfulness, Joyfully, Joyous: \"joy, delight\" (akin to chairo, \"to rejoice\"), is found frequently in Matthew and Luke, and especially in John, once in Mark (Mar 4:16, RV, \"joy,\" AV, \"gladness\"); it is absent from 1 Cor. (though the verb is used three times), but is frequent in 2 Cor., where","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651534","text":"the left\". Popular English Bibles (e.g. NIV, NASB, NLT) translate the single Greek word \"chrestotes\" into two English words: kindness and goodness. \"Wherefore also we pray always for you, that our God would count you worthy of this calling, and fulfill all the good pleasure of his goodness, and the work of faith with power\". \"For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth\", with agathosune being \"found only in Biblical and ecclesiastical writings, uprightness of heart and life\" The root of pistis (\"faith\") is peithô that is to persuade or be persuaded which supplies","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651521","text":"chastity. This tradition was defended by Thomas Aquinas in his work \"Summa Theologica\". Aquinas pointed that numbered among the fruits of the Holy Spirit are certain virtues, such as charity, meekness, faith, and chastity. Augustine defined virtue as \"a good habit consonant with our nature.\" Though traditionally discussed as nine attributes of the Fruit of the Spirit, the original Greek term translated as \"fruit\" is singular. Aquinas explained, \"Consequently fruit is mentioned there in the singular, on account of its being generically one, though divided into many species which are spoken of as so many fruits.\" Augustine's commentary on Galatians","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651538","text":"with one another in love\". The Greek word used in Galatians 5:23 is \"egkrateia\", meaning \"strong, having mastery, able to control one's thoughts and actions.\" \"...make every effort to add to your faith goodness; and to goodness, knowledge; and to knowledge, self-control; and to self-control, perseverance; and to perseverance, godliness; and to godliness, mutual affection; and to mutual affection, love\". Fruit of the Holy Spirit The Fruit of the Holy Spirit is a biblical term that sums up nine attributes of a person or community living in accord with the Holy Spirit, according to chapter 5 of the Epistle to","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"583864","text":"all\" (1 Thessalonians 5:14-15, NAB). In the Epistle of James, the Bible urges Christians to be patient, and \" see how the farmer waits for the precious fruit of the earth...until it receives the early and the late rains.\" (James 5:7-11, NAB). In Galatians, patience is listed as part of the \"fruit of the Spirit\": \"love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law\". (Galatians 5:21-23, NIV). In Timothy, the Bible states that \"Jesus might display his unlimited patience as an example for those who would believe on him and receive eternal","title":"Patience"},{"id":"5651535","text":"the core-meaning of faith as being \"divine persuasion\", received from God, and never generated by man. It is defined as the following: objectively, trustworthy; subjectively, trustful:—believe(-ing, -r), faithful(-ly), sure, true. The Greek πιστός (pistos) occurs 67 times in 62 verses in the Greek concordance of the KJV: faithful (53x), believe (6x), believing (2x), true (2x), faithfully (1x), believer (1x), sure (1x). Outline of Biblical Usage Examples: \"O Lord, thou art my God; I will exalt thee, I will praise thy name; for thou hast done wonderful things; thy counsels of old are faithfulness and truth\". \"I pray that out of","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"14714432","text":"believe the \"Fruit of the Spirit\" consists of virtuous characteristics engendered in the Christian by the action of the Holy Spirit. They are those listed in : \"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control.\" The Roman Catholic Church adds to this list generosity, modesty, and chastity. Christians believe that the Holy Spirit gives 'gifts' to Christians. These gifts consist of specific abilities granted to the individual Christian. They are frequently known by the Greek word for gift, \"Charisma\", from which the term charismatic derives. The New Testament provides three different","title":"Christian theology"},{"id":"15478939","text":"similar to the permanent character of the sacraments), virtuous characteristics engendered in the Christian by the action of the Holy Spirit. Galatians names nine aspects and states: But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, meekness, self-control; against such there is no law. In the Epistle to the Galatians these nine characteristics are in contrast to the \"works of the flesh\" and highlight the positive manifestations of the work of the Holy Spirit in believers. The \"gifts of the Holy Spirit\" are distinct from the Fruit of the Spirit, and consist of specific abilities","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"5651527","text":"implication, prosperity:—one, peace, quietness, rest, + set at one again. The word \"peace\" comes from the Greek word \"eirene,\" the Greek equivalent for the Hebrew word \"shalom,\" which expresses the idea of \"wholeness, completeness, or tranquility in the soul that is unaffected by the outward circumstances or pressures.\" The word \"eirene\" strongly suggests the rule of order in place of chaos.\" The Greek εἰρήνη (eirēnē) occurs 92 times in 86 verses in the Greek concordance of the KJV. The KJV translates Strong's G1515 in the following manner: peace (89x), one (1x), rest (1x), quietness (1x). The outline of Biblical usage","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651523","text":"\"Agape\" describes the unconditional love God has for the world. Paul describes love in 1 Corinthians 13:4–8: According to Strong's Greek Lexicon, the word ἀγάπη [G26] (Transliteration: agapē) means love, i.e. affection or benevolence; specially (plural) a love-feast:—(feast of) charity(-ably), dear, love. Outline of Biblical Usage: The Greek word ἀγάπη (agapē) occurs 117 times in 106 verses in the Greek concordance of the NASB. The joy referred to here is deeper than mere happiness, is rooted in God and comes from Him. Since it comes from God, it is more serene and stable than worldly happiness, which is merely emotional","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651525","text":"the noun is used five times (for 2Cr 7:4, RV, see Note below), and the verb eight times, suggestive of the Apostle's relief in comparison with the circumstances of the 1st Epistle; in Col 1:11, AV, \"joyfulness,\" RV, \"joy.\" The word is sometimes used, by metonymy, of the occasion or cause of \"joy,\" Luk 2:10 (lit., \"I announce to you a great joy\"); in 2Cr 1:15, in some mss., for charis, \"benefit;\" Phl 4:1, where the readers are called the Apostle's \"joy;\" so 1Th 2:19, 20; Hbr 12:2, of the object of Christ's \"joy;\" Jam 1:2, where it is connected","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"602541","text":"Greek cardinal virtues (prudence, justice, temperance, and courage) to the theological virtues to give the seven virtues; for example, these seven are the ones described in the \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\", sections 1803–1829. The Bible mentions additional virtues, such as in the \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit,\" found in Galatians 5:22-23: \"By contrast, the fruit of the Spirit it is benevolent-love: joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, benevolence, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. There is absolutely no law against such a thing.\" The medieval and renaissance periods saw a number of models of sin listing the seven deadly sins and the virtues","title":"Virtue"},{"id":"14111823","text":"Christians in the apostolic times and throughout history. The source of abundant life is identified as the Spirit of God in , \"the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance\". A Christian is a person who has the Spirit of God () received according to the Biblical formula (). Becoming a Christian means a change to a different way of life with a different purpose. Fulfilling this purpose and experiencing abundant life go together, as described by , \"But seek you first the kingdom of God, and His righteousness; and all these things","title":"Abundant life"},{"id":"6820677","text":"those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control. Against such there is no law. 24 And those who are Christ's have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. ~ Galatians 5:19-24 The Seventh-day Adventist church teaches that there is a sanctuary in heaven which was foreshadowed by the Mosaic tabernacle, according to their interpretation of the Epistle to the Hebrews chapters 8 and 9. After his death, resurrection and ascension, Jesus Christ entered the heavenly sanctuary as the great","title":"Last Generation Theology"},{"id":"15478933","text":"Mary, while maintaining her virginity. The Holy Spirit descended over Jesus in a corporeal way, as a dove, at the time of his baptism, and a voice from Heaven was heard: \"This is my beloved Son with whom I am well pleased.\" He is the Sanctifier of souls, the Helper, Comforter, the Giver of graces, he who leads souls to the Father and the Son. The Holy Spirit is credited with inspiring believers and allowing for them to interpret all the sacred scripture and leads prophets, both in Old Testament and New Testament. Christians receive the Fruits of the Holy","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"5651532","text":"(khray-\"stot\"-ace), which meant to show kindness or to be friendly to others and often depicted rulers, governors, or people who were kind, mild, and benevolent to their subjects. Anyone who demonstrated this quality of \"chrestotes\" was considered to be compassionate, considerate, sympathetic, humane, kind, or gentle. The apostle Paul uses this word to depict God's incomprehensible kindness for people who are unsaved (see Romans 11:22; Ephesians 2:7; Titus 3:4). One scholar has noted that when the word \"chrestotes\" is applied to interpersonal relationships, it conveys the idea of being adaptable to others. Rather than harshly require everyone else to adapt","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"18649703","text":"fear from it, as a terrifying, accusing, cursing, and condemning law. The works of the flesh, and they that are of the flesh, are such that come under the notice and lash of the law; and not the fruits of the Spirit, and they that are after the Spirit, as such are who partake of his fruit. Galatians 5 Galatians 5 is the fifth chapter of the Epistle to the Galatians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and \"the brethren that are with\" him. The original text is written in Koine","title":"Galatians 5"},{"id":"5651529","text":"Greek Scriptures in reference to God and his attitude to man. Exodus 34:6 describes the Lord as \"slow to anger and rich in kindness and fidelity.\" Patience, which in some translations is \"longsuffering\" or \"endurance\", is defined in Strong's by two Greek words, \"makrothumia\" and \"hupomone.\" The first, pronounced (mak-roth-oo-\"mee\"-ah) comes from \"makros\", \"long\", and \"thumos,\" \"temper\". The word denotes lenience, forbearance, fortitude, patient endurance, longsuffering. Also included in \"makrothumia\" is the ability to endure persecution and ill-treatment. It describes a person who has the power to exercise revenge but instead exercises restraint. (Strong's #3115) The latter, hupomone, (hoop-om-on-\"ay\") is","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651522","text":"5:25-26, says, \"the Apostle had no intention of teaching us how many [either , or fruits of the Spirit] there are; but to show how the former should be avoided, and the latter sought after.\" \"Agape\" (love) denotes an undefeatable benevolence and unconquerable goodwill that always seeks the highest in others, no matter their behavior. It is a love that gives freely without asking anything in return, and does not consider the worth of its object. \"Agape\" is more a love by choice than \"philos,\" which is love by chance; and it refers to the will rather than the emotion.","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"18649689","text":"of nature or man's free will, as corrupted by sin, for no good fruit springs from thence; but either of the internal principle of grace, called the Spirit, (Galatians 5:17) or rather of the Holy Spirit, as the Ethiopic version reads it; the graces of which are called \"fruit\", and not \"works\", as the actions of the flesh are; because they are owing to divine influence efficacy, and bounty, as the fruits of the earth are, to which the allusion is; and not to a man's self, to the power and principles of nature; and because they arise from a","title":"Galatians 5"},{"id":"5651528","text":"is as follows: Jesus is described as the Prince of Peace, who brings peace to the hearts of those who desire it. He says in John 14:27: \"Peace I leave with you, My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid\". In Matthew 5:9 he says, \"Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God.\" Generally the Greek world applied this word to a man who could avenge himself but did not. This word is often used in the","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651536","text":"his glorious riches he may strengthen you with power through his Spirit in your inner being, so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith\". The writer of the Letter to the Hebrews describes it this way: \"Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God\". Gentleness, in the Greek, \"prautes\", commonly known as meekness, which is \"a \"divinely-balanced\" virtue that can only operate through faith (cf. ; ).","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651530","text":"translated \"endurance\": Constancy, perseverance, continuance, bearing up, steadfastness, holding out, patient endurance. The word combines \"hupo,\" \"under\", and \"mone,\" \"to remain\". It describes the capacity to continue to bear up under difficult circumstances, not with a passive complacency, but with a hopeful fortitude that actively resists weariness and defeat, (Strong's #5281) with hupomone (Greek ὑπομονή) being further understood as that which would be \"as opposed to cowardice or despondency\" \"With lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love\". In Greek, old wine was called \"chrestos\" which meant that it was mellow or smooth. Christ used this word in","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651531","text":"Matthew 11:30, \"For my yoke is easy, and my burden light.\" In contrast, kindness is acting for the good of people regardless of what they do, properly, \"useable, i.e. well-fit for use (for what is really needed); kindness that is also serviceable\". Strong's \"#5544:\" Kindness is goodness in action, sweetness of disposition, gentleness in dealing with others, benevolence, kindness, affability. The word describes \"the ability to act for the welfare of those taxing your patience.\" The Holy Spirit removes abrasive qualities from the character of one under His control. (emphasis added) The word kindness comes from the Greek word \"chrestotes\"","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"317557","text":"including the miraculous or \"sign gifts\", found in 1 Corinthians 12:4–11, 12:27–31, Romans 12:3–8, and Ephesians 4:7–16 continue to operate within the Church in the present time. Pentecostals place the gifts of the Spirit in context with the fruit of the Spirit. The fruit of the Spirit is the result of the new birth and continuing to abide in Christ. It is by the fruit exhibited that spiritual character is assessed. Spiritual gifts are received as a result of the baptism with the Holy Spirit. As gifts freely given by the Holy Spirit, they cannot be earned or merited, and","title":"Pentecostalism"},{"id":"194994","text":"Holy Spirit Holy Spirit is a term found in English translations of the Bible that is understood differently among the Abrahamic religions. The term is also used to describe aspects of other religions and belief structures. The word \"spirit\" (from the Latin \"spiritus\" meaning \"breath\") appears either alone or with other words, in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament. Combinations include expressions such as the \"Holy Spirit\", \"Spirit of God\", and in Christianity, \"Spirit of Christ\". The word \"spirit\" is rendered as רוּחַ (\"ruach\") in Hebrew-language parts of the Old Testament. In its Aramaic parts, the term","title":"Holy Spirit"},{"id":"5651526","text":"with falling into trials; perhaps also in Mat 25:21, 23, where some regard it as signifying, concretely, the circumstances attending cooperation in the authority of the Lord. Note: In Hbr 12:11, \"joyous\" represents the phrase meta, \"with,\" followed by chara, lit., \"with joy.\" So in Hbr 10:34, \"joyfully;\" in 2Cr 7:4 the noun is used with the Middle Voice of huperperisseuo, \"to abound more exceedingly,\" and translated \"(I overflow) with joy,\" RV (AV, \"I am exceeding joyful\"). The Greek word εἰρήνη (Strong's G1515)(eirēnē)(transliteration: i-ray'-nay), probably derived from a primary verb εἴρω eírō (to join), means peace (literally or figuratively); by","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"2536730","text":"temperance is prolific. The Old Testament emphasizes temperance as a core virtue, as evidenced in both Solomon's Book of Proverbs and in the Ten Commandments, with its admonitions against adultery and covetousness. The New Testament does so as well, with forgiveness being central to theology and self-control being one of the Fruits of the Spirit. With regard to Christian theology, the word temperance is used by the King James Version in Galatians 5:23 for the Greek word ἐγκρατεία (enkrateia), which means self-control or discipline (\"Strong's Concordance\", 1466). Thomas Aquinas promoted Plato's original virtues in addition to several others. Within the","title":"Temperance (virtue)"},{"id":"18649701","text":"person; and lies in having mean thoughts of himself, in walking humbly with God, acknowledging every favour, being thankful for every blessing, and depending on his grace, and in behaving with modesty and humility among men. The last of the fruits of the Spirit mentioned is or \"continence\"; and designs both chastity and sobriety, and particularly moderation in eating and drinking. It may be observed, that these fruits of the Spirit are opposed to the works of the flesh. So love is opposed to hatred; joy to emulations and envying; peace to variance, strife, and seditions; longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, and","title":"Galatians 5"},{"id":"5651537","text":". The \"New Spirit Filled Life Bible\" defines gentleness as \"a disposition that is even-tempered, tranquil, balanced in spirit, unpretentious, and that has the passions under control. The word is best translated 'meekness,' not as an indication of weakness, but of power and strength under control. The person who possesses this quality pardons injuries, corrects faults, and rules his own spirit well\". \"Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted\". \"Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"7923681","text":"or desire for celestial things; nor can he quell passions and sensual pleasure. These things are clearly the workings of grace. For the fruits of the Spirit are love, joy, peace, and so on (cf. Gal. 5:22), while the devil is most apt and powerful in promoting vanity and haughtiness\". We should follow \"'the royal (middle) way' of the holy-fathers and not take upon oneself excessive difficult works\". For Ignatius of Loyola, there are two signs to judge: evil spirits act on the imagination and the senses, and the good spirit, upon reason and conscience. Then, they can be judged","title":"Discernment of Spirits"},{"id":"776648","text":"Spiritual gift A spiritual gift or charism (plural: charisms or charismata; in Greek singular: χάρισμα , plural: χαρίσματα ) is an endowment or extraordinary power given by the Holy Spirit These are the supernatural graces which individual Christians need (and were needed in the days of the Apostles) to fulfill the mission of the Church. In the narrowest sense, it is a theological term for the extraordinary graces given to individual Christians for the good of others and is distinguished from the graces given for personal sanctification, such as the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit and the fruit of","title":"Spiritual gift"},{"id":"15478923","text":"that God the Father would \"give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him\". The sacredness of the Holy Spirit to Christians is affirmed in all three Synoptic Gospels (, and ) which proclaim that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the unforgivable sin. Together, Luke–Acts contain over half of the references in the New Testament to the Holy Spirit although this author wrote approximately 25% of the content of the New Testament. The Acts of the Apostles has sometimes been called the \"Book of the Holy Spirit\" or the \"Acts of the Holy Spirit\". Of the seventy or so","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"15478938","text":"accepted the doctrine of the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son (\"a Patre et Filio procedere\"). During the next few centuries, two distinctive schools of thought were gradually shaped, Eastern and Western. Eastern theologians were teaching that Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father only (notion referred as \"monoprocessionism\"), while Western theologians were teaching that Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son (notion referred as \"filioquism\"). Debates and controversies between two sides became the main point of difference within the Christian pneumatology. The \"fruit of the Holy Spirit\" consists of \"permanent dispositions\" (in this","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"18649690","text":"seed, either the incorruptible seed of internal grace, which seminally contains all graces in it, or the blessed Spirit, who is the seed that remains in believers; and because they are in the exercise of them acceptable unto God through Christ, and are grateful and delightful to Christ himself, being \"his pleasant fruits\"; which as they come from him, as the author of them, they are exercised on him as the object of them, under the influence of the Spirit; and because they are profitable to them that are possessed of them, seeing the promise of this life and that","title":"Galatians 5"},{"id":"11142083","text":"the path is identified as follows: The term \"Maha-phala\" refers to the ten \"Great fruits\" of the contemplative life. According to the \"Samaññaphala Sutta\", the 10 “Great fruits” (DN 2) are: The fruit (phala) of Buddhism and Hinduism are comparable the charisms of Charismatic Christianity which are known as the \"sign-gifts” of the Holy Spirit, which are the charisms of prophesy, healing, and speaking in tongues, as described in the Christian Gospels 1 Corinthians 12. Phala Phala is a Sanskrit term that means “fruit” of one's actions in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Buddhism, the following types of \"phala\" are identified:","title":"Phala"},{"id":"6241522","text":"of his conception. Mary then goes and visits her relative Elizabeth. Upon meeting the pregnant Mary, Elizabeth feels John move in her womb and is \"filled with the Holy Spirit\" (verse 41). This may be related to . Elizabeth gives praise to Mary: \"Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb!\", words which echo Moses' declaration to the people of Israel in : \"[God] will love you and bless you and multiply you; He will also bless the fruit of your womb\". Mary, in her Magnificat, then gives praise to God: she first thanks God","title":"Luke 1"},{"id":"14274728","text":"and established the framework of the publication. With the economic conditions of the late 2000s, Nine Magazine, Inc. began restructuring to improve upon its initial digital platform. Originally formed as a print publication, niNe. shifted to online-only content to curtail production costs and engage in emerging social media outlets. The periodical began publishing online content in the fall of 2011. The \"niNe.\" title stands for nine characteristics revealed by the Holy Spirit that contribute to a quality life. The fruit of the Spirit is taken from New Testament scripture Galatians 5:22-23. \"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy,","title":"NiNe. magazine"},{"id":"15478916","text":"and Holy Spirit\" in prayer, absolution and benediction. In the book of the Acts of the Apostles the arrival of the Holy Spirit, happens fifty days after the resurrection of the Christ, and is currently celebrated in Christendom with the feast of Pentecost. In Christian theology, pneumatology refers to the study of the Holy Spirit. The Koine Greek word \"pneûma\" (, pneuma) is found around 385 times in the New Testament, with some scholars differing by three to nine occurrences. \"Pneuma\" appears 105 times in the four canonical gospels, 69 times in the Acts of the Apostles, 161 times in","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"5020449","text":"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit The Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit are an enumeration of seven spiritual gifts originating from patristic authors, later elaborated by five intellectual virtues and four other groups of ethical characteristics. They are: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord. The seven gifts are found in the Book of Isaiah , where the Biblical passage refers to the characteristics of a Messianic figure understood by Christians to be Jesus Christ empowered by the \"Spirit of the Lord\". In the Hebrew Masoretic text the \"Spirit of the Lord\" is described with","title":"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"6226005","text":"Lord (Matthew 28:19; Acts 10:47; Romans 6:4). 8. All believers are entitled to and earnestly seek the promise of the Father, the Baptism in the Holy Spirit according to the command of our Lord Jesus Christ; that the full consummation of the Baptism of the believers in the Holy Spirit is evidenced by the initial sign of speaking with other tongues as the Spirit give utterances and by the subsequent manifestation of the gifts and fruits of the Spirit (Luke 24:49, Acts 1:4-6; 1:8; 2:4; 2:38; 10:44-46; 11:14-16; 15:7-9; 19:2-6; 1 Corinthians 12:1-31). 9. The Lord's Supper consisting of the","title":"Indian Pentecostal Church of God"},{"id":"195010","text":"and communion with God. The Holy Spirit is put in direct opposition to its eternal dual counterpart, Angra Mainyu, who is the source of all wickedness and who leads humanity astray. Holy Spirit Holy Spirit is a term found in English translations of the Bible that is understood differently among the Abrahamic religions. The term is also used to describe aspects of other religions and belief structures. The word \"spirit\" (from the Latin \"spiritus\" meaning \"breath\") appears either alone or with other words, in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament. Combinations include expressions such as the \"Holy","title":"Holy Spirit"},{"id":"776650","text":"New Testament, primarily in 1 Corinthians 12, Romans 12, and Ephesians 4. 1 Peter 4 also touches on the spiritual gifts. The gifts are related to both seemingly \"natural\" abilities and seemingly more \"miraculous\" abilities, empowered by the Holy Spirit. The two major opposing theological positions on their nature is that they ceased long ago or that they continue (Cessationism versus Continuationism). The New Testament contains several lists of spiritual gifts, most authored by St. Paul. While each list is unique, there is overlap. Christians believe that the \"charismata\" were foretold by the Prophet Joel (2:28) and promised by Christ","title":"Spiritual gift"},{"id":"15478927","text":"Christology, to the point of being almost inseparable from them. The First Epistle to the Thessalonians, which was likely the first of Paul's letters, introduces a characterization of the Holy Spirit in and which is found throughout his epistles. In 1 Thessalonians 1:6 Paul refers to the imitation of Christ (and himself) and states: \"And ye became imitators of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Spirit\", whose source is identified in 1 Thessalonians 4:8 as \"God, who giveth his Holy Spirit unto you\". These two themes of receiving the","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"5020450","text":"six characteristics (wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, fear of the Lord), and then the last characteristic (fear of the Lord) is mentioned a second time. In the Greek Septuagint the first mention of the fear of the Lord is translated as \"spirit of [...] godliness\" (\"πνεῦμα\" [...] \"εὐσεβείας\"). The seven Latin terms are then: The \"Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit\" is one of several works in Christian devotional literature which follow a scheme of seven. Others include the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer, the beatitudes, the seven last words from the cross, the seven deadly sins, and the","title":"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"11654130","text":"others, boldness in witnessing the faith, and rejoicing in the presence of God. The corresponding fruits of the Holy Spirit are love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. To be validly confirmed, a person must be in a state of grace, which means that they cannot be conscious of having committed a mortal sin. They must also have prepared spiritually for the sacrament, chosen a sponsor or godparent for spiritual support, and selected a saint to be their special patron. Soteriology is the branch of doctrinal theology that deals with salvation through Christ. Eternal life, divine life,cannot","title":"Catholic theology"},{"id":"776651","text":"(Gospel of Mark 16:17–18). This promise was fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost and elsewhere as the church spread. In order to correct abuses concerning the spiritual gifts at Corinth, Paul devoted much attention to spiritual gifts in his First Epistle to the Corinthians (chapters 12–14). In 1 Corinthians 12, two Greek terms are translated as \"spiritual gifts\". In verse 1, the word \"pneumatika\" (\"spirituals\" or \"things of the Spirit\") is used. In verse 4, \"charisma\" is used. This word is derived from the word \"charis\", which means \"grace\". In verses 5 and 6, the words \"diakonia\" (translated \"administrations\", \"ministries\",","title":"Spiritual gift"},{"id":"4665288","text":"fruit of the spirit, namely love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control (Galatians 5:22-23). Such activities might include spiritual exercises practiced throughout the ages such as prayer, fellowship, service, study, simplicity, chastity, solitude, and fasting. Willard explains the crucial role of engaging in spiritual exercises in his book \"The Spirit of the Disciplines: Understanding How God Changes Lives\"—a book that was written after \"In Search of Guidance: Developing a Conversational Relationship with God\". Willard has a recommended reading page on his website listing specific titles by Thomas a Kempis, William Law, Frank Laubach, William Wilberforce, Richard Baxter,","title":"Dallas Willard"},{"id":"1809295","text":"and purpose than the tongues spoken of in I Corinthians 12–14. The latter are given to selected believers as the Spirit decides. Acts 2:3, Acts 2:11, 1 Cor. 12:10, 12:28,1 Cor. 14:21, James 3:8. UPCI doctrine also distinguishes between the fruit of the Spirit, as mentioned in Galatians 5:22–23, and the initial act of speaking in tongues. The fruit of the Spirit takes time to develop or cultivate and therefore does not qualify as an immediate, outward and identifiable sign of receiving the Holy Ghost. Speaking in other tongues, on the other hand, does serve as that sign and is","title":"United Pentecostal Church International"},{"id":"15039508","text":"scholarship recognizes that the Paraclete, or Advocate, is mentioned five times throughout John's Gospel (John 14:16-17; 14:26; 15:26-27; 16:7-11; 16:13-17). The Advocate, called the \"Spirit of Truth\" is considered the Holy Spirit; a replacement for Jesus into the world after Jesus leaves, still dependent on Christ (14:6) and sent by the Father at Jesus' demand (14:16, 24). The Spirit is said to permanently remain with the disciples (14:18-21). John's Gospel says that the world cannot receive the Spirit though the Spirit can abide within the disciples (14:17). The Spirit will accuse the world of sin (16:9) and glorify Jesus (16:14),","title":"Muhammad and the Bible"},{"id":"15478920","text":"of the presence of the \"ruach ha-kodesh\" is the gift of prophecy. The use of the word \"ruach\" (Hebrew: \"breath\", or \"wind\") in the phrase \"ruach ha-kodesh\" seems to suggest that Judaic authorities believed the Holy Spirit was a kind of communication medium like the wind. The spirit talks sometimes with a masculine and sometimes with a feminine voice; the word \"ruacḥ\" is both masculine and feminine. The term Holy Spirit appears at least 90 times in the New Testament. The sacredness of the Holy Spirit to Christians is affirmed in all three Synoptic Gospels (, and ) which proclaim","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"18649693","text":"for life and salvation; and likewise of love to the saints, which a carnal man is a stranger to, until he is renewed by the Holy Ghost, who in regenerating him teaches him to love the brethren; and which is the evidence of his having passed from death to life, through the mighty power of his grace. Moreover, love to the house and worship of God, to the truths and ordinances of the Gospel, all which men have naturally an aversion to, may be included in this first fruit of the Spirit: the next follows, which is even that which","title":"Galatians 5"},{"id":"8383425","text":"Give to You in My Name\" is a compilation of messages and Lee claims that this book will enable the reader to understand \"the law of the spiritual realm\" on receiving answers from God. \"Against Such Things There is No Law\" discusses the “nine fruits of the Holy Spirit” along with specific examples. Jaerock Lee Jaerock Lee (born April 20, 1943, Muan County, Jeollanam-do, South Korea) is a Christian author, the senior pastor of the Manmin Central Church in Seoul, and a convicted serial rapist. Manmin means ‘all creation; all the nations; all the people.’ The church was founded by","title":"Jaerock Lee"},{"id":"5537111","text":"which is Haniel. Netzach is considered one of the Fruits of the Spirit in the Pauline Epistles (Romans 5:3, Galatians 5:22) Netzach Netzach (, \"eternity\") is the seventh of the ten Sefirot in the Jewish mystical system of Kabbalah. It is located beneath Chesed ('loving-kindness'), at the base of the \"Pillar of Mercy\" which also consists of Chochmah ('wisdom'). Netzach generally translates to 'eternity', and in the context of Kabbalah refers to 'perpetuity', 'victory', or 'endurance'. Netzach (Hebrew נצח) communicates the idea of long-suffering, strength, endurance unto completion or patience. This term appears eight times in the Hebrew scriptures and","title":"Netzach"},{"id":"13664209","text":"Emmanuel motif brackets the entire Gospel of Matthew between 1:23 and 28:20, appearing explicitly and implicitly in several other passages, setting the tone for the salvific theme of Matthew. The names of the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit are inherently related in the New Testament, e.g. with Jesus' instruction to His disciples at the end of the Gospel of Matthew ():\"make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit\". The Greek word \"pneuma\", generally translated \"spirit\", is found around 385 times in the New Testament.","title":"Names of God in Christianity"},{"id":"776652","text":"or \"service\") and \"energemata\" (\"operations\" or \"inworkings\") are used in describing the nature of the spiritual gifts. In verse 7, the term \"manifestation (\"phanerosis\") of the Spirit\" is used. From these scriptural passages, Christians understand the spiritual gifts to be enablements or capacities that are divinely bestowed upon individuals. Because they are freely given by God, these cannot be earned or merited. Though worked through individuals, these are operations or manifestations of the Holy Spirit—not of the gifted person. They are to be used for the benefit of others, and in a sense they are granted to the church as","title":"Spiritual gift"},{"id":"14714429","text":"known as the Fruit of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit enables Christians, who still experience the effects of sin, to do things they never could do on their own. These spiritual gifts are not innate abilities \"unlocked\" by the Holy Spirit, but entirely new abilities, such as the ability to cast out demons or simply bold speech. Through the influence of the Holy Spirit a person sees more clearly the world around him or her and can use his or her mind and body in ways that exceed his or her previous capacity. A list of gifts that may","title":"Christian theology"},{"id":"17317781","text":"works of the sheep and will only condemn the works of the goats (Matt. 25:31-46). Furthermore, the Spirit works within the Christian after conversion. The Spirit gives the Christian virtuous, holy desires (commonly called the fruits of the Spirit) and crucifies his sinful flesh. The Spirit-led Christian eagerly looks to the Law of God, which no longer can accuse his conscience, so that it may guide him, whereas the non-believer always seeks guidance from man-made laws and philosophies that are full of error. In other words, Christian righteous will lead to new obedience. Both ways of describing active righteousness are","title":"The two kinds of righteousness"},{"id":"3302253","text":"age God would pour out his spirit upon all of Israel, which would become a nation of prophets. While the exact phrase \"baptism with the Holy Spirit\" is not found in the New Testament, two forms of the phrase are found in the canonical gospels using the verb \"baptize\", from the Greek word \"baptizein\" meaning to \"immerse\" or \"plunge\". The baptism was spoken about by John the Baptist, who contrasted his water baptism for the forgiveness of sins with the baptism of Jesus. In Mark 1 and John 1, the Baptist proclaimed that Jesus \"will baptize in (the) Holy Spirit\";","title":"Baptism with the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"4658983","text":"little rod from Jesse gives rise to a splendid flower\", following the language of the Vulgate. Instead of the ancestors seen in later depictions, seven doves (with haloes) perch in the branches. These, in a motif from Byzantine art, represent the Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit as described by the Apostle Paul. Williams goes on to compare it with two other famous images, the \"Tree of Jesse\" window at Chartres Cathedral and the \"Lambeth Bible\" in England. Williams says:- However this claim of Bohemian origin may be somewhat overstated, as there is an incipient version in an Anglo-Norman manuscript","title":"Tree of Jesse"},{"id":"15478921","text":"that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the unforgivable sin. The participation of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity is suggested in Jesus' final post-Resurrection instruction to his disciples at the end of the Gospel of Matthew (28:19): \"Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit\". The Holy Spirit is mentioned by all three authors of the synoptic Gospels. Most of the references are by the author of the Gospel of Luke; this emphasis is continued by the same author in","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"5651533","text":"to his own needs and desires, when \"chrestotes\" is working in a believer, he seeks to become adaptable to the needs of those who are around him. (\"Sparkling Gems from the Greek\", Rick Renner) Kindness is doing something and not expecting anything in return. Kindness is respect and helping others without waiting for someone to help one back. It implies kindness no matter what. We should live \"in purity, understanding, patience and kindness; in the Holy Spirit and in sincere love; in truthful speech and in the power of God; with weapons of righteousness in the right hand and in","title":"Fruit of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"13619925","text":"good works which are simply evidence of faith, only through Christ's sacrifice which is free to all. Edwards describes the importance of testing new faith and discerning whether it is legitimate. He lays out twelve tests of true conversion, including ways of measuring allegedly fruitful works. He basically concludes that the fruit of the Spirit are the religious affections, love being the chief affection, and that all other fruit (or Christian virtues) flow from this. \"Love is the chief of the affections, and as it were the fountain of them.\" (p. 76, Banner of Truth Edition). He further says \"for","title":"Religious Affections"},{"id":"5020455","text":"the perfect operations of the virtues, especially in the face of our human weakness and in difficult situations.\" Saint Augustine drew a connection between the gifts of the Holy Spirit and the Beatitudes (Matt.5:3-12). Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit The Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit are an enumeration of seven spiritual gifts originating from patristic authors, later elaborated by five intellectual virtues and four other groups of ethical characteristics. They are: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord. The seven gifts are found in the Book of Isaiah , where the Biblical passage refers","title":"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"4459948","text":"The first two lines are a reference to Isaiah , which in the KJV reads, \"The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.\" Ephraim (in the third line) is one of the tribes of Israel. He is the second son of Joseph (Gen. 41:52; 46:20). The last line is a millennial reference to the second coming of Christ. Stanzas 1,2,3, and 6 appear in the LDS Church's hymnal as hymn verses 1 to","title":"The Spirit of God Like a Fire Is Burning"},{"id":"15478914","text":"the Paraclete and the Holy Spirit. The New Testament details a close relationship between the Holy Spirit and Jesus during his earthly life and ministry. The Gospels of Matthew and Luke and the Nicene Creed state that Jesus was \"conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary\". The Holy Spirit descended on Jesus like a dove during his baptism, and in his Farewell Discourse after the Last Supper Jesus promised to send the Holy Spirit to his disciples after his departure. The Holy Spirit is referred to as \"the Lord, the Giver of Life\" in the Nicene Creed,","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"16461200","text":"Holy Spirit in the Pauline epistles The Holy Spirit plays a key role in the Pauline epistles and Apostle Paul's pneumatology is closely connected to his theology and Christology, to the point of being almost inseparable from them. The First Epistle to the Thessalonians, which was likely the first of Paul's letters, introduces a characterization of the Holy Spirit in and which persist throughout his epistles. In 1 Thessalonians 1:6 Paul refers to the imitation of Christ (and himself) and states: \"And ye became imitators of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy","title":"Holy Spirit in the Pauline epistles"},{"id":"15478941","text":"or \"Filling with the Holy Spirit\" which the Christian needs to experience in order to receive those gifts. However, many Christian denominations hold that the Baptism with the Holy Spirit is identical with conversion, and that all Christians are by definition baptized in the Holy Spirit. The \"seven gifts of the Holy Spirit\" pour out on a believer at baptism, and are traditionally derived from Isaiah , although the New Testament does not refer to Isaiah 11:1–2 regarding these gifts. These 7 gifts are: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude (strength), knowledge, piety and fear of the Lord. This is the view","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"6161308","text":"in the Father and the Son, and emanates from Them throughout the entire universe (1 Kings 8:27; Psalm 139:7; Jeremiah 23:24). It was through the Spirit that God created all things (Genesis 1:1–2; Revelation 4:11). It is the power by which Christ maintains the universe (Hebrews 1:2–3). It is given to all who repent of their sins and are baptized (Acts 2:38–39) and is the power (Acts 1:8; 2 Timothy 1:6–7) by which all believers may be \"overcomers\" (Romans 8:37, KJV; Revelation 2:26–27) and will be led to eternal life.\" Scripture mentions prayer to the Father, and to the Son,","title":"Binitarianism"},{"id":"195003","text":"the Holy Spirit was said to descend in the form of a dove as the voice of God the Father spoke as described in Matthew, Mark, and Luke;the second being from the day of Pentecost, fifty days after Pascha where the descent of the Holy Spirit came upon the Apostles and other followers of Jesus Christ, as tongues of fire as described in the Acts of the Apostles. Called \"the unveiled epiphany of God\", the Holy Spirit is the one who empowers the followers of Jesus with spiritual gifts and power that enabled the proclamation of Jesus Christ, and the","title":"Holy Spirit"},{"id":"14714352","text":"Epistle of Peter claims that \"no prophecy of Scripture ... was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit\" (2 Pet 1:20–21). The Second Epistle of Peter also implies that Paul's writings are inspired (2 Pet 3:16). Many Christians cite a verse in Paul's letter to Timothy, 2 Timothy 3:16-17, as evidence that \"all scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable ...\" Here St. Paul is referring to the Old Testament, since the scriptures have been known by Timothy from \"infancy\" (verse 15). Others","title":"Christian theology"},{"id":"18649702","text":"meekness, to wrath and murders; faith to idolatry, witchcraft, and heresies; and temperance to adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, drunkenness, and revellings. meaning, against such fruits, graces, and good things; these being perfectly agreeable to the law of God, which is holy, just, and good, and spiritual; and are so far from being forbidden by it, that they are highly esteemed and approved of by it: or against persons that are possessed of such fruits; for these appear to be in the spirit, and to be led by the Spirit; and therefore are not under the law, and have nothing to","title":"Galatians 5"},{"id":"5020451","text":"seven virtues. The seven gifts were often represented as doves in medieval texts and especially figure in depictions of the Tree of Jesse which shows the Genealogy of Jesus. For Saint Thomas Aquinas, the dove signifies by its properties each gift of the Holy Spirit. Although the New Testament does not refer to Isaiah 11:1-2 regarding these gifts, Roman Catholicism teaches that initiates receive them at Baptism and that they are strengthened at Confirmation, so that one can proclaim the truths of the faith: \"The reception of the sacrament of Confirmation is necessary for the completion of baptismal grace.\" For","title":"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"7665612","text":"the term \"the Law\" was applied generally to the Old Testament\". 1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the First Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Sosthenes in Ephesus. In this chapter, Paul writes about the gift of prophesy and about speaking in tongues. Biblical scholar F. Dale Bruner states that \"edification becomes the theme of this chapter: in Paul's thought, the ultimate criterion for a gift of the Spirit is this: Does it upbuild the church?\" The New King James Version","title":"1 Corinthians 14"},{"id":"3302254","text":"while in Matthew 3 and Luke 3, he \"will baptize with Holy Spirit and fire\". Jesus is considered the first person to receive the baptism with the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit descended on Jesus during his baptism and anointed him with power. Afterward, Jesus began his ministry and displayed his power by casting out demons, healing the sick, and teaching with authority. The phrase \"baptized in the Holy Spirit\" occurs two times in Acts of the Apostles, first in Acts 1:4–5 and second in Acts 11:16. Other terminology is used in Acts to indicate Spirit baptism, such as \"filled\".","title":"Baptism with the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"4565558","text":"Bruce was a scholar on the life and ministry of Paul the Apostle and wrote several studies, the best known of which is \"Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit\" (published in the United States as \"Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free\"). He also wrote on many biblical books including Habakkuk, the Gospel of John, the Acts of the Apostles, Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Philippians, the Epistle to the Hebrews, and the Epistles of John. Most of Bruce's works were scholarly, but he also wrote many popular works on the Bible.","title":"F. F. Bruce"},{"id":"38316","text":"version of this material, and \"Esdras A\" is the version which was previously in the Septuagint on its own. Some texts are found in the Septuagint but are not present in the Hebrew. These additional books are Tobit, Judith, Wisdom of Solomon, Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach, Baruch, the Letter of Jeremiah (which later became chapter 6 of Baruch in the Vulgate), additions to Daniel (The Prayer of Azarias, the Song of the Three Children, Susanna and Bel and the Dragon), additions to Esther, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, 3 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees, 1 Esdras, Odes, including the Prayer of","title":"Bible"},{"id":"15478929","text":", a theme also found in other Pauline letters. The New Testament details a close relationship between the Holy Spirit and Jesus during his earthly life and ministry. The Apostles' Creed echoes the statements in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew, stating that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of Mary. Specific New Testament references to the interaction of Jesus and the Holy Spirit during his earthly life, and the enabling power of the Holy Spirit during his ministry include: In his Farewell Discourse to his disciples, Jesus promised that he would \"send the Holy Spirit\" to","title":"Holy Spirit in Christianity"},{"id":"18649696","text":"the sense of the word here; since it follows upon, and is joined with love, and stands between that and which is another fruit of the Spirit: and designs peace with God in a man's own conscience, produced there by the Spirit of God, in consequence of peace being made by the blood of Christ; and that through the application of the blood of Christ for pardon, and of his righteousness for justification to the soul of a sensible sinner by the blessed Spirit, the effect of which is peace, quietness, and tranquillity of mind; also peace with men, with","title":"Galatians 5"},{"id":"18386243","text":"provided in the traditional Hebrew order of \"Law\" (\"Torah\"), \"Prophets\" (\"Nevi'im\") and \"Writings\" (\"Ketuvim\"), starting with the Book of Genesis and ending with 2 Chronicles. The Book of Daniel, which is usually placed among the \"Writings\" in Hebrew Bibles, is instead placed at the end of the \"Prophets\". The LEV prefers Hebraic terminology over Greek; for example, when referring to the Holy Spirit in the New Testament, Ruaḥ is used where the usual English rendering \"spirit\" is translated from the Greek πνευμα (\"pneuma\"). The Old Testament is based primarily on the Masoretic Hebrew text, as found in the Biblia Hebraica","title":"Literal English Version"},{"id":"7395503","text":"to God in Heaven, in the traditional place of honor, mentioned in the New Testament as the place of Christ at Mark 16:19, Luke 22:69, Matthew 22:44 and 26:64, Acts 2:34 and 7:55, 1 Peter 3:22 and elsewhere. These uses reflect use of the phrase in the Old Testament, for example in Psalms 63:8 and 110:1. The implications of this anthropomorphic phrasing have been discussed at length by theologians, including Saint Thomas Aquinas. Right hand of God The right hand of God (\"Dextera Domini\" \"right hand of the Lord\" in Latin) or God's right hand may refer to the Bible","title":"Right hand of God"},{"id":"9295442","text":"knowledge of God will deem it no longer necessary to put it into written words of instruction.\" According to Luke (Lk 22, 20), and Paul, in the first epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor 11, 25), this prophecy was fulfilled only through the work of Jesus Christ, who said \"This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which will be shed for you.\" Christ did not come to abolish the law but to fulfill it. His purpose was to encourage people to look beyond the \"letter of the law\" to the \"spirit of the law\"...the principles behind the commandments","title":"Letter and spirit of the law"},{"id":"16461251","text":"Holy Spirit in the Acts of the Apostles The Holy Spirit plays a key role in the Acts of the Apostles, leading to the use of the titles \"Book of the Holy Spirit\" or the \"Acts of the Holy Spirit\" for that book of the New Testament. Of the about seventy occurrences of the word \"Pneuma\" in Acts, fifty five refer to the Holy Spirit. From the start, in , the reader is reminded that the Ministry of Jesus, while he was on earth, was carried out through the power of the Holy Spirit and that the \"acts of the","title":"Holy Spirit in the Acts of the Apostles"},{"id":"3247268","text":"Apostles continued to develop. Especially St. Paul of Tarsus brings the two elements of Christian asceticism out in well-defined terms: mortification of inordinate desires as the negative element (Romans 6:8, 13; 2 Corinthians 4:16; Galatians 5:24; Colossians 3:5), union with God in all thoughts, words and deeds (1 Corinthians 10:31; Galatians 6:14; Colossians 3:3-17), and active love of God and once neighbour (Romans 8:35; 1 Corinthians 13:3) as the positive element. With the Bible as a basis, the Fathers and Doctors of the Church explained particular features of the Christian life in a more coherent and detailed manner. The Apostolic","title":"Ascetical theology"},{"id":"1711517","text":"the sign of the messianic age foretold by the prophets (Cf. Ezek 36:25-27; Joel 3:1-2). Its arrival was proclaimed by Apostle Peter. Filled with the Holy Spirit the apostles began to proclaim \"the mighty works of God.\" (Acts 2:11; Cf. 2:17-18) After this point, the New Testament records the apostles bestowing the Holy Spirit upon others through the laying on of hands. Three texts make it certain that a laying on of hands for the imparting of the Spirit — performed after the water-bath and as a complement to this bath — existed already in the earliest apostolic times. These","title":"Confirmation"},{"id":"59326","text":"John's Gospel was written in Greek, and the word translated as \"again\" is ἄνωθεν (\"ánōtʰen\"), which could mean \"again\", or \"from above\". The New Revised Standard Version prefers this latter translation, and both the King James Version and the Revised Version give it as an alternative in the margins. Hoskyns argues that it is to be preferred as the fundamental meaning and he drew attention to phrases such as \"birth of the Spirit ()\", \"birth from God (cf. ; , , , )\" but maintains that this necessarily carries with it an emphasis upon the newness of the life as","title":"Born again"},{"id":"15345665","text":"entity, the sign of which was the Sabbath (Exod. 31:15-17), which was temporary in terms of its purpose and duration (Heb. 8:7-13), and which was superseded by the New Covenant (Jer. 31:31-33); The promised everlasting covenant (Heb. 13:20) established by Christ Jesus (Luke 22:20; Dan. 9:26-27) that fulfills all preceding biblical covenants – a covenant in which all believers have full forgiveness of sins (Jer. 31:34), are permanently indwelt by the Spirit (Ezek. 36:25-27; Eph. 1:13-14), and are empowered by the Spirit to please God (Jer. 31:31-33; Phil. 2:12-13); All God’s elect, consisting of believing Jews and Gentiles (Eph. 2:15),","title":"New Covenant theology"},{"id":"4213771","text":"Eternal sin In Christian hamartiology, eternal sins, unforgivable sins, or unpardonable sins are sins which will not be forgiven by God. One eternal or unforgivable sin (blasphemy against the Holy Spirit) is specified in several passages of the Synoptic Gospels, including , , and . In Catholic teaching there are six sins that blaspheme against the Holy Spirit. They are: Several passages in the Bible are frequently interpreted as referring to the unforgivable sin: According to the \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\" §1864, there are no limits to the mercy of God, but anyone who deliberately refuses to accept his","title":"Eternal sin"},{"id":"4610189","text":"for a Messiah. Readings from the gospels parallel the events of Jesus' life from Christmas and Epiphany to Holy Week and Easter. The book of Acts and Paul’s letters tell the story of the earliest Christian movement, culminating with the Pentecost readings on the Holy Spirit. The Narrative Lectionary was developed by Profs. Rolf Jacobson and Craig Koester of Luther Seminary. The Roman Catholic lectionary includes a two-year cycle for the weekday mass readings (called Cycle I and Cycle II). Odd-numbered years are Cycle I; even-numbered ones are Cycle II. The weekday lectionary includes a reading from the Old Testament,","title":"Lectionary"},{"id":"9513405","text":"response to this is a deafening silence... The topic of lust may sometimes be alluded to, but never developed into the precise “doctrine” of the Bible's teaching on lust and masturbation, which really develops into a study on the fruit of the Spirit (love to Christ more than “self”, and self-control)... Since we are in desperate need for Biblical teaching on this subject, we turn to the church to teach us what it means to be sexually pure. But, Christian men who struggle with this sin have little practical help from their local church.\" What is clear is that Calvinists","title":"Religious views on masturbation"},{"id":"13369029","text":"reiterates that God is \"spirit\" and that the Bible presents God through personification and anthropomorphism which reflects only a likeness to God. There are some Christian churches (see below) who teach that the Holy Spirit is feminine based on the fact that both feminine nouns and verbs, as well as feminine analogies, are thought to be used by the Bible to describe the Spirit of God in passages such as Genesis 1:1-2, Genesis 2:7, Deut. 32:11-12, Proverbs 1:20, Matthew 11:19, Luke 3:22, and John 3:5-6. These are based on the grammatical gender of both the nouns and verbs used by","title":"Gender of the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"12845248","text":"which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the followers of Jesus Christ (Esho Mshexa in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic) as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter . Thus, the Church's name originates from the biblical passages contained within the Acts of the Apostles which refers to the day of Pentecost. The Bible is the inspired Word of God. Our God is one, but manifested in three persons, The Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Through Adam's transgression and fall, sin came into the world. Through Jesus' death and resurrection, righteousness comes to all who believe. Baptism in water,","title":"Assyrian Pentecostal Church"},{"id":"18706423","text":"grace of God is intended the doctrine of grace, the Gospel of the grace of God; called so, because it is a declaration of the grace of God, and of salvation by it: and is the means, in the hand of the Spirit, of conveying grace to the heart, and implanting it in it; in which sense the phrase is used in ( Acts 20:24 ) ( 2 Corinthians 6:1 ) ( Hebrews 12:15 ) and this is called the Gospel of salvation, the word of salvation, and salvation itself, and so may be said to bring it; it brings","title":"Titus 2"},{"id":"424803","text":"Sun. The tree of life first appears in Genesis 2:9 and 3:22-24 as the source of eternal life in the Garden of Eden, from which access is revoked when man is driven from the garden. It then reappears in the last book of the Bible, the Book of Revelation, and most predominantly in the last chapter of that book (Chapter 22) as a part of the new garden of paradise. Access is then no longer forbidden, for those who \"wash their robes\" (or as the textual variant in the King James Version has it, \"they that do his commandments\") \"have","title":"Tree of life"},{"id":"14714433","text":"lists of such gifts which range from the supernatural (healing, prophecy, tongues) through those associated with specific callings (teaching) to those expected of all Christians in some degree (faith). Most consider these lists not to be exhaustive, and other have compiled their own lists. Saint Ambrose wrote of the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit poured out on a believer at baptism: 1. Spirit of Wisdom; 2. Spirit of Understanding; 3. Spirit of Counsel; 4. Spirit of Strength; 5. Spirit of Knowledge; 6. Spirit of Godliness; 7. Spirit of Holy Fear. It is over the nature and occurrence of these","title":"Christian theology"},{"id":"3061832","text":"Forbidden fruit Forbidden fruit is a phrase that originates from the Book of Genesis concerning Adam and Eve in . In the narrative, Adam and Eve eat the fruit of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden, which they had been commanded not to do by God. As a metaphor, the phrase typically refers to any indulgence or pleasure that is considered illegal or immoral. The narrative of the Book of Genesis places the first man and woman (Adam and Eve) in a garden where they may eat the fruit of many trees but are forbidden by","title":"Forbidden fruit"},{"id":"583863","text":"Spirit, according to the Apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Galatians. In the Christian Bible, patience is referred to in several sections. The Book of Proverbs notes that \"through patience a ruler can be persuaded, and a gentle tongue can break a bone\" (Proverbs 25:14-16, NIV); Ecclesiastes points out that the \"end of a matter is better than its beginning, and patience is better than pride\" (Ecclesiastes 7:7-9, NIV); and 1 Thessalonians states that we should \"be patient with all. See that no one returns evil for evil; rather, always seek what is good for each other and for","title":"Patience"},{"id":"3302259","text":"for all who are far off, everyone whom the Lord our God calls to himself\". Baptism in the Holy Spirit occurs elsewhere in Acts. The gospel had been proclaimed in Samaria and the apostles Peter and John were sent from Jerusalem. The new believers had been baptized in water, but the Holy Spirit had not yet fallen on them. The Samaritans received the Holy Spirit when Peter and John laid their hands on them. The Apostle Paul was also filled with the Holy Spirit when Ananias of Damascus laid hands on him, and afterwards Paul was baptized with water. Later","title":"Baptism with the Holy Spirit"},{"id":"9555686","text":"and wonders. A significant amount of Paul's teachings is about the use of supernatural gifts. There would not be such specific instruction in the New Testament about something that would not have anything to do with today's church. Paul's instructions regarding the utterance gifts was for the church to desire them (1 Corinthians 12:31; 14:1, 39). This and 1 Corinthians 13:10 mean that Jesus' return and the church's glorification (perfection) will fulfill the gifts of the Spirit (needed due to imperfection), just as Jesus' first coming (his sacrifice being perfect) fulfilled the law (the imperfect). Continuationists believe that Paul wrote","title":"Continuationism"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"5651520\",\n \"text\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit The Fruit of the Holy Spirit is a biblical term that sums up nine attributes of a person or community living in accord with the Holy Spirit, according to chapter 5 of the Epistle to the Galatians: \\\"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control.\\\" The fruit is contrasted with the which immediately precede it in this chapter. Catholic tradition follows the Vulgate version of Galatians in listing 12 fruits: charity, joy, peace, patience, benignity (kindness), goodness, longanimity (generosity), mildness (gentleness), faith, modesty, continency (self-control), and\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651524\",\n \"text\": \"and lasts only for a time. According to Strong's Greek Lexicon, the Greek word listed in the verse is χαρά (G5479), meaning 'joy', 'gladness', or 'a source of joy'. The Greek χαρά (chara) occurs 59 times in 57 verses in the Greek concordance of the NASB. Joy (Noun and Verb), Joyfulness, Joyfully, Joyous: \\\"joy, delight\\\" (akin to chairo, \\\"to rejoice\\\"), is found frequently in Matthew and Luke, and especially in John, once in Mark (Mar 4:16, RV, \\\"joy,\\\" AV, \\\"gladness\\\"); it is absent from 1 Cor. (though the verb is used three times), but is frequent in 2 Cor., where\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651534\",\n \"text\": \"the left\\\". Popular English Bibles (e.g. NIV, NASB, NLT) translate the single Greek word \\\"chrestotes\\\" into two English words: kindness and goodness. \\\"Wherefore also we pray always for you, that our God would count you worthy of this calling, and fulfill all the good pleasure of his goodness, and the work of faith with power\\\". \\\"For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth\\\", with agathosune being \\\"found only in Biblical and ecclesiastical writings, uprightness of heart and life\\\" The root of pistis (\\\"faith\\\") is peithô that is to persuade or be persuaded which supplies\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651521\",\n \"text\": \"chastity. This tradition was defended by Thomas Aquinas in his work \\\"Summa Theologica\\\". Aquinas pointed that numbered among the fruits of the Holy Spirit are certain virtues, such as charity, meekness, faith, and chastity. Augustine defined virtue as \\\"a good habit consonant with our nature.\\\" Though traditionally discussed as nine attributes of the Fruit of the Spirit, the original Greek term translated as \\\"fruit\\\" is singular. Aquinas explained, \\\"Consequently fruit is mentioned there in the singular, on account of its being generically one, though divided into many species which are spoken of as so many fruits.\\\" Augustine's commentary on Galatians\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651538\",\n \"text\": \"with one another in love\\\". The Greek word used in Galatians 5:23 is \\\"egkrateia\\\", meaning \\\"strong, having mastery, able to control one's thoughts and actions.\\\" \\\"...make every effort to add to your faith goodness; and to goodness, knowledge; and to knowledge, self-control; and to self-control, perseverance; and to perseverance, godliness; and to godliness, mutual affection; and to mutual affection, love\\\". Fruit of the Holy Spirit The Fruit of the Holy Spirit is a biblical term that sums up nine attributes of a person or community living in accord with the Holy Spirit, according to chapter 5 of the Epistle to\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"583864\",\n \"text\": \"all\\\" (1 Thessalonians 5:14-15, NAB). In the Epistle of James, the Bible urges Christians to be patient, and \\\" see how the farmer waits for the precious fruit of the earth...until it receives the early and the late rains.\\\" (James 5:7-11, NAB). In Galatians, patience is listed as part of the \\\"fruit of the Spirit\\\": \\\"love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law\\\". (Galatians 5:21-23, NIV). In Timothy, the Bible states that \\\"Jesus might display his unlimited patience as an example for those who would believe on him and receive eternal\",\n \"title\": \"Patience\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651535\",\n \"text\": \"the core-meaning of faith as being \\\"divine persuasion\\\", received from God, and never generated by man. It is defined as the following: objectively, trustworthy; subjectively, trustful:—believe(-ing, -r), faithful(-ly), sure, true. The Greek πιστός (pistos) occurs 67 times in 62 verses in the Greek concordance of the KJV: faithful (53x), believe (6x), believing (2x), true (2x), faithfully (1x), believer (1x), sure (1x). Outline of Biblical Usage Examples: \\\"O Lord, thou art my God; I will exalt thee, I will praise thy name; for thou hast done wonderful things; thy counsels of old are faithfulness and truth\\\". \\\"I pray that out of\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14714432\",\n \"text\": \"believe the \\\"Fruit of the Spirit\\\" consists of virtuous characteristics engendered in the Christian by the action of the Holy Spirit. They are those listed in : \\\"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control.\\\" The Roman Catholic Church adds to this list generosity, modesty, and chastity. Christians believe that the Holy Spirit gives 'gifts' to Christians. These gifts consist of specific abilities granted to the individual Christian. They are frequently known by the Greek word for gift, \\\"Charisma\\\", from which the term charismatic derives. The New Testament provides three different\",\n \"title\": \"Christian theology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478939\",\n \"text\": \"similar to the permanent character of the sacraments), virtuous characteristics engendered in the Christian by the action of the Holy Spirit. Galatians names nine aspects and states: But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, meekness, self-control; against such there is no law. In the Epistle to the Galatians these nine characteristics are in contrast to the \\\"works of the flesh\\\" and highlight the positive manifestations of the work of the Holy Spirit in believers. The \\\"gifts of the Holy Spirit\\\" are distinct from the Fruit of the Spirit, and consist of specific abilities\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651527\",\n \"text\": \"implication, prosperity:—one, peace, quietness, rest, + set at one again. The word \\\"peace\\\" comes from the Greek word \\\"eirene,\\\" the Greek equivalent for the Hebrew word \\\"shalom,\\\" which expresses the idea of \\\"wholeness, completeness, or tranquility in the soul that is unaffected by the outward circumstances or pressures.\\\" The word \\\"eirene\\\" strongly suggests the rule of order in place of chaos.\\\" The Greek εἰρήνη (eirēnē) occurs 92 times in 86 verses in the Greek concordance of the KJV. The KJV translates Strong's G1515 in the following manner: peace (89x), one (1x), rest (1x), quietness (1x). The outline of Biblical usage\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651523\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Agape\\\" describes the unconditional love God has for the world. Paul describes love in 1 Corinthians 13:4–8: According to Strong's Greek Lexicon, the word ἀγάπη [G26] (Transliteration: agapē) means love, i.e. affection or benevolence; specially (plural) a love-feast:—(feast of) charity(-ably), dear, love. Outline of Biblical Usage: The Greek word ἀγάπη (agapē) occurs 117 times in 106 verses in the Greek concordance of the NASB. The joy referred to here is deeper than mere happiness, is rooted in God and comes from Him. Since it comes from God, it is more serene and stable than worldly happiness, which is merely emotional\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651525\",\n \"text\": \"the noun is used five times (for 2Cr 7:4, RV, see Note below), and the verb eight times, suggestive of the Apostle's relief in comparison with the circumstances of the 1st Epistle; in Col 1:11, AV, \\\"joyfulness,\\\" RV, \\\"joy.\\\" The word is sometimes used, by metonymy, of the occasion or cause of \\\"joy,\\\" Luk 2:10 (lit., \\\"I announce to you a great joy\\\"); in 2Cr 1:15, in some mss., for charis, \\\"benefit;\\\" Phl 4:1, where the readers are called the Apostle's \\\"joy;\\\" so 1Th 2:19, 20; Hbr 12:2, of the object of Christ's \\\"joy;\\\" Jam 1:2, where it is connected\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"602541\",\n \"text\": \"Greek cardinal virtues (prudence, justice, temperance, and courage) to the theological virtues to give the seven virtues; for example, these seven are the ones described in the \\\"Catechism of the Catholic Church\\\", sections 1803–1829. The Bible mentions additional virtues, such as in the \\\"Fruit of the Holy Spirit,\\\" found in Galatians 5:22-23: \\\"By contrast, the fruit of the Spirit it is benevolent-love: joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, benevolence, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. There is absolutely no law against such a thing.\\\" The medieval and renaissance periods saw a number of models of sin listing the seven deadly sins and the virtues\",\n \"title\": \"Virtue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14111823\",\n \"text\": \"Christians in the apostolic times and throughout history. The source of abundant life is identified as the Spirit of God in , \\\"the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance\\\". A Christian is a person who has the Spirit of God () received according to the Biblical formula (). Becoming a Christian means a change to a different way of life with a different purpose. Fulfilling this purpose and experiencing abundant life go together, as described by , \\\"But seek you first the kingdom of God, and His righteousness; and all these things\",\n \"title\": \"Abundant life\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6820677\",\n \"text\": \"those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control. Against such there is no law. 24 And those who are Christ's have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. ~ Galatians 5:19-24 The Seventh-day Adventist church teaches that there is a sanctuary in heaven which was foreshadowed by the Mosaic tabernacle, according to their interpretation of the Epistle to the Hebrews chapters 8 and 9. After his death, resurrection and ascension, Jesus Christ entered the heavenly sanctuary as the great\",\n \"title\": \"Last Generation Theology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478933\",\n \"text\": \"Mary, while maintaining her virginity. The Holy Spirit descended over Jesus in a corporeal way, as a dove, at the time of his baptism, and a voice from Heaven was heard: \\\"This is my beloved Son with whom I am well pleased.\\\" He is the Sanctifier of souls, the Helper, Comforter, the Giver of graces, he who leads souls to the Father and the Son. The Holy Spirit is credited with inspiring believers and allowing for them to interpret all the sacred scripture and leads prophets, both in Old Testament and New Testament. Christians receive the Fruits of the Holy\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651532\",\n \"text\": \"(khray-\\\"stot\\\"-ace), which meant to show kindness or to be friendly to others and often depicted rulers, governors, or people who were kind, mild, and benevolent to their subjects. Anyone who demonstrated this quality of \\\"chrestotes\\\" was considered to be compassionate, considerate, sympathetic, humane, kind, or gentle. The apostle Paul uses this word to depict God's incomprehensible kindness for people who are unsaved (see Romans 11:22; Ephesians 2:7; Titus 3:4). One scholar has noted that when the word \\\"chrestotes\\\" is applied to interpersonal relationships, it conveys the idea of being adaptable to others. Rather than harshly require everyone else to adapt\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649703\",\n \"text\": \"fear from it, as a terrifying, accusing, cursing, and condemning law. The works of the flesh, and they that are of the flesh, are such that come under the notice and lash of the law; and not the fruits of the Spirit, and they that are after the Spirit, as such are who partake of his fruit. Galatians 5 Galatians 5 is the fifth chapter of the Epistle to the Galatians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and \\\"the brethren that are with\\\" him. The original text is written in Koine\",\n \"title\": \"Galatians 5\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651529\",\n \"text\": \"Greek Scriptures in reference to God and his attitude to man. Exodus 34:6 describes the Lord as \\\"slow to anger and rich in kindness and fidelity.\\\" Patience, which in some translations is \\\"longsuffering\\\" or \\\"endurance\\\", is defined in Strong's by two Greek words, \\\"makrothumia\\\" and \\\"hupomone.\\\" The first, pronounced (mak-roth-oo-\\\"mee\\\"-ah) comes from \\\"makros\\\", \\\"long\\\", and \\\"thumos,\\\" \\\"temper\\\". The word denotes lenience, forbearance, fortitude, patient endurance, longsuffering. Also included in \\\"makrothumia\\\" is the ability to endure persecution and ill-treatment. It describes a person who has the power to exercise revenge but instead exercises restraint. (Strong's #3115) The latter, hupomone, (hoop-om-on-\\\"ay\\\") is\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651522\",\n \"text\": \"5:25-26, says, \\\"the Apostle had no intention of teaching us how many [either , or fruits of the Spirit] there are; but to show how the former should be avoided, and the latter sought after.\\\" \\\"Agape\\\" (love) denotes an undefeatable benevolence and unconquerable goodwill that always seeks the highest in others, no matter their behavior. It is a love that gives freely without asking anything in return, and does not consider the worth of its object. \\\"Agape\\\" is more a love by choice than \\\"philos,\\\" which is love by chance; and it refers to the will rather than the emotion.\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649689\",\n \"text\": \"of nature or man's free will, as corrupted by sin, for no good fruit springs from thence; but either of the internal principle of grace, called the Spirit, (Galatians 5:17) or rather of the Holy Spirit, as the Ethiopic version reads it; the graces of which are called \\\"fruit\\\", and not \\\"works\\\", as the actions of the flesh are; because they are owing to divine influence efficacy, and bounty, as the fruits of the earth are, to which the allusion is; and not to a man's self, to the power and principles of nature; and because they arise from a\",\n \"title\": \"Galatians 5\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651528\",\n \"text\": \"is as follows: Jesus is described as the Prince of Peace, who brings peace to the hearts of those who desire it. He says in John 14:27: \\\"Peace I leave with you, My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid\\\". In Matthew 5:9 he says, \\\"Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God.\\\" Generally the Greek world applied this word to a man who could avenge himself but did not. This word is often used in the\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651536\",\n \"text\": \"his glorious riches he may strengthen you with power through his Spirit in your inner being, so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith\\\". The writer of the Letter to the Hebrews describes it this way: \\\"Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God\\\". Gentleness, in the Greek, \\\"prautes\\\", commonly known as meekness, which is \\\"a \\\"divinely-balanced\\\" virtue that can only operate through faith (cf. ; ).\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651530\",\n \"text\": \"translated \\\"endurance\\\": Constancy, perseverance, continuance, bearing up, steadfastness, holding out, patient endurance. The word combines \\\"hupo,\\\" \\\"under\\\", and \\\"mone,\\\" \\\"to remain\\\". It describes the capacity to continue to bear up under difficult circumstances, not with a passive complacency, but with a hopeful fortitude that actively resists weariness and defeat, (Strong's #5281) with hupomone (Greek ὑπομονή) being further understood as that which would be \\\"as opposed to cowardice or despondency\\\" \\\"With lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love\\\". In Greek, old wine was called \\\"chrestos\\\" which meant that it was mellow or smooth. Christ used this word in\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651531\",\n \"text\": \"Matthew 11:30, \\\"For my yoke is easy, and my burden light.\\\" In contrast, kindness is acting for the good of people regardless of what they do, properly, \\\"useable, i.e. well-fit for use (for what is really needed); kindness that is also serviceable\\\". Strong's \\\"#5544:\\\" Kindness is goodness in action, sweetness of disposition, gentleness in dealing with others, benevolence, kindness, affability. The word describes \\\"the ability to act for the welfare of those taxing your patience.\\\" The Holy Spirit removes abrasive qualities from the character of one under His control. (emphasis added) The word kindness comes from the Greek word \\\"chrestotes\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"317557\",\n \"text\": \"including the miraculous or \\\"sign gifts\\\", found in 1 Corinthians 12:4–11, 12:27–31, Romans 12:3–8, and Ephesians 4:7–16 continue to operate within the Church in the present time. Pentecostals place the gifts of the Spirit in context with the fruit of the Spirit. The fruit of the Spirit is the result of the new birth and continuing to abide in Christ. It is by the fruit exhibited that spiritual character is assessed. Spiritual gifts are received as a result of the baptism with the Holy Spirit. As gifts freely given by the Holy Spirit, they cannot be earned or merited, and\",\n \"title\": \"Pentecostalism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"194994\",\n \"text\": \"Holy Spirit Holy Spirit is a term found in English translations of the Bible that is understood differently among the Abrahamic religions. The term is also used to describe aspects of other religions and belief structures. The word \\\"spirit\\\" (from the Latin \\\"spiritus\\\" meaning \\\"breath\\\") appears either alone or with other words, in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament. Combinations include expressions such as the \\\"Holy Spirit\\\", \\\"Spirit of God\\\", and in Christianity, \\\"Spirit of Christ\\\". The word \\\"spirit\\\" is rendered as רוּחַ (\\\"ruach\\\") in Hebrew-language parts of the Old Testament. In its Aramaic parts, the term\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651526\",\n \"text\": \"with falling into trials; perhaps also in Mat 25:21, 23, where some regard it as signifying, concretely, the circumstances attending cooperation in the authority of the Lord. Note: In Hbr 12:11, \\\"joyous\\\" represents the phrase meta, \\\"with,\\\" followed by chara, lit., \\\"with joy.\\\" So in Hbr 10:34, \\\"joyfully;\\\" in 2Cr 7:4 the noun is used with the Middle Voice of huperperisseuo, \\\"to abound more exceedingly,\\\" and translated \\\"(I overflow) with joy,\\\" RV (AV, \\\"I am exceeding joyful\\\"). The Greek word εἰρήνη (Strong's G1515)(eirēnē)(transliteration: i-ray'-nay), probably derived from a primary verb εἴρω eírō (to join), means peace (literally or figuratively); by\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2536730\",\n \"text\": \"temperance is prolific. The Old Testament emphasizes temperance as a core virtue, as evidenced in both Solomon's Book of Proverbs and in the Ten Commandments, with its admonitions against adultery and covetousness. The New Testament does so as well, with forgiveness being central to theology and self-control being one of the Fruits of the Spirit. With regard to Christian theology, the word temperance is used by the King James Version in Galatians 5:23 for the Greek word ἐγκρατεία (enkrateia), which means self-control or discipline (\\\"Strong's Concordance\\\", 1466). Thomas Aquinas promoted Plato's original virtues in addition to several others. Within the\",\n \"title\": \"Temperance (virtue)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649701\",\n \"text\": \"person; and lies in having mean thoughts of himself, in walking humbly with God, acknowledging every favour, being thankful for every blessing, and depending on his grace, and in behaving with modesty and humility among men. The last of the fruits of the Spirit mentioned is or \\\"continence\\\"; and designs both chastity and sobriety, and particularly moderation in eating and drinking. It may be observed, that these fruits of the Spirit are opposed to the works of the flesh. So love is opposed to hatred; joy to emulations and envying; peace to variance, strife, and seditions; longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, and\",\n \"title\": \"Galatians 5\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651537\",\n \"text\": \". The \\\"New Spirit Filled Life Bible\\\" defines gentleness as \\\"a disposition that is even-tempered, tranquil, balanced in spirit, unpretentious, and that has the passions under control. The word is best translated 'meekness,' not as an indication of weakness, but of power and strength under control. The person who possesses this quality pardons injuries, corrects faults, and rules his own spirit well\\\". \\\"Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted\\\". \\\"Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7923681\",\n \"text\": \"or desire for celestial things; nor can he quell passions and sensual pleasure. These things are clearly the workings of grace. For the fruits of the Spirit are love, joy, peace, and so on (cf. Gal. 5:22), while the devil is most apt and powerful in promoting vanity and haughtiness\\\". We should follow \\\"'the royal (middle) way' of the holy-fathers and not take upon oneself excessive difficult works\\\". For Ignatius of Loyola, there are two signs to judge: evil spirits act on the imagination and the senses, and the good spirit, upon reason and conscience. Then, they can be judged\",\n \"title\": \"Discernment of Spirits\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"776648\",\n \"text\": \"Spiritual gift A spiritual gift or charism (plural: charisms or charismata; in Greek singular: χάρισμα , plural: χαρίσματα ) is an endowment or extraordinary power given by the Holy Spirit These are the supernatural graces which individual Christians need (and were needed in the days of the Apostles) to fulfill the mission of the Church. In the narrowest sense, it is a theological term for the extraordinary graces given to individual Christians for the good of others and is distinguished from the graces given for personal sanctification, such as the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit and the fruit of\",\n \"title\": \"Spiritual gift\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478923\",\n \"text\": \"that God the Father would \\\"give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him\\\". The sacredness of the Holy Spirit to Christians is affirmed in all three Synoptic Gospels (, and ) which proclaim that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the unforgivable sin. Together, Luke–Acts contain over half of the references in the New Testament to the Holy Spirit although this author wrote approximately 25% of the content of the New Testament. The Acts of the Apostles has sometimes been called the \\\"Book of the Holy Spirit\\\" or the \\\"Acts of the Holy Spirit\\\". Of the seventy or so\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478938\",\n \"text\": \"accepted the doctrine of the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son (\\\"a Patre et Filio procedere\\\"). During the next few centuries, two distinctive schools of thought were gradually shaped, Eastern and Western. Eastern theologians were teaching that Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father only (notion referred as \\\"monoprocessionism\\\"), while Western theologians were teaching that Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son (notion referred as \\\"filioquism\\\"). Debates and controversies between two sides became the main point of difference within the Christian pneumatology. The \\\"fruit of the Holy Spirit\\\" consists of \\\"permanent dispositions\\\" (in this\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649690\",\n \"text\": \"seed, either the incorruptible seed of internal grace, which seminally contains all graces in it, or the blessed Spirit, who is the seed that remains in believers; and because they are in the exercise of them acceptable unto God through Christ, and are grateful and delightful to Christ himself, being \\\"his pleasant fruits\\\"; which as they come from him, as the author of them, they are exercised on him as the object of them, under the influence of the Spirit; and because they are profitable to them that are possessed of them, seeing the promise of this life and that\",\n \"title\": \"Galatians 5\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11142083\",\n \"text\": \"the path is identified as follows: The term \\\"Maha-phala\\\" refers to the ten \\\"Great fruits\\\" of the contemplative life. According to the \\\"Samaññaphala Sutta\\\", the 10 “Great fruits” (DN 2) are: The fruit (phala) of Buddhism and Hinduism are comparable the charisms of Charismatic Christianity which are known as the \\\"sign-gifts” of the Holy Spirit, which are the charisms of prophesy, healing, and speaking in tongues, as described in the Christian Gospels 1 Corinthians 12. Phala Phala is a Sanskrit term that means “fruit” of one's actions in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Buddhism, the following types of \\\"phala\\\" are identified:\",\n \"title\": \"Phala\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6241522\",\n \"text\": \"of his conception. Mary then goes and visits her relative Elizabeth. Upon meeting the pregnant Mary, Elizabeth feels John move in her womb and is \\\"filled with the Holy Spirit\\\" (verse 41). This may be related to . Elizabeth gives praise to Mary: \\\"Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb!\\\", words which echo Moses' declaration to the people of Israel in : \\\"[God] will love you and bless you and multiply you; He will also bless the fruit of your womb\\\". Mary, in her Magnificat, then gives praise to God: she first thanks God\",\n \"title\": \"Luke 1\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14274728\",\n \"text\": \"and established the framework of the publication. With the economic conditions of the late 2000s, Nine Magazine, Inc. began restructuring to improve upon its initial digital platform. Originally formed as a print publication, niNe. shifted to online-only content to curtail production costs and engage in emerging social media outlets. The periodical began publishing online content in the fall of 2011. The \\\"niNe.\\\" title stands for nine characteristics revealed by the Holy Spirit that contribute to a quality life. The fruit of the Spirit is taken from New Testament scripture Galatians 5:22-23. \\\"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy,\",\n \"title\": \"NiNe. magazine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478916\",\n \"text\": \"and Holy Spirit\\\" in prayer, absolution and benediction. In the book of the Acts of the Apostles the arrival of the Holy Spirit, happens fifty days after the resurrection of the Christ, and is currently celebrated in Christendom with the feast of Pentecost. In Christian theology, pneumatology refers to the study of the Holy Spirit. The Koine Greek word \\\"pneûma\\\" (, pneuma) is found around 385 times in the New Testament, with some scholars differing by three to nine occurrences. \\\"Pneuma\\\" appears 105 times in the four canonical gospels, 69 times in the Acts of the Apostles, 161 times in\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5020449\",\n \"text\": \"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit The Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit are an enumeration of seven spiritual gifts originating from patristic authors, later elaborated by five intellectual virtues and four other groups of ethical characteristics. They are: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord. The seven gifts are found in the Book of Isaiah , where the Biblical passage refers to the characteristics of a Messianic figure understood by Christians to be Jesus Christ empowered by the \\\"Spirit of the Lord\\\". In the Hebrew Masoretic text the \\\"Spirit of the Lord\\\" is described with\",\n \"title\": \"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6226005\",\n \"text\": \"Lord (Matthew 28:19; Acts 10:47; Romans 6:4). 8. All believers are entitled to and earnestly seek the promise of the Father, the Baptism in the Holy Spirit according to the command of our Lord Jesus Christ; that the full consummation of the Baptism of the believers in the Holy Spirit is evidenced by the initial sign of speaking with other tongues as the Spirit give utterances and by the subsequent manifestation of the gifts and fruits of the Spirit (Luke 24:49, Acts 1:4-6; 1:8; 2:4; 2:38; 10:44-46; 11:14-16; 15:7-9; 19:2-6; 1 Corinthians 12:1-31). 9. The Lord's Supper consisting of the\",\n \"title\": \"Indian Pentecostal Church of God\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"195010\",\n \"text\": \"and communion with God. The Holy Spirit is put in direct opposition to its eternal dual counterpart, Angra Mainyu, who is the source of all wickedness and who leads humanity astray. Holy Spirit Holy Spirit is a term found in English translations of the Bible that is understood differently among the Abrahamic religions. The term is also used to describe aspects of other religions and belief structures. The word \\\"spirit\\\" (from the Latin \\\"spiritus\\\" meaning \\\"breath\\\") appears either alone or with other words, in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament. Combinations include expressions such as the \\\"Holy\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"776650\",\n \"text\": \"New Testament, primarily in 1 Corinthians 12, Romans 12, and Ephesians 4. 1 Peter 4 also touches on the spiritual gifts. The gifts are related to both seemingly \\\"natural\\\" abilities and seemingly more \\\"miraculous\\\" abilities, empowered by the Holy Spirit. The two major opposing theological positions on their nature is that they ceased long ago or that they continue (Cessationism versus Continuationism). The New Testament contains several lists of spiritual gifts, most authored by St. Paul. While each list is unique, there is overlap. Christians believe that the \\\"charismata\\\" were foretold by the Prophet Joel (2:28) and promised by Christ\",\n \"title\": \"Spiritual gift\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478927\",\n \"text\": \"Christology, to the point of being almost inseparable from them. The First Epistle to the Thessalonians, which was likely the first of Paul's letters, introduces a characterization of the Holy Spirit in and which is found throughout his epistles. In 1 Thessalonians 1:6 Paul refers to the imitation of Christ (and himself) and states: \\\"And ye became imitators of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Spirit\\\", whose source is identified in 1 Thessalonians 4:8 as \\\"God, who giveth his Holy Spirit unto you\\\". These two themes of receiving the\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5020450\",\n \"text\": \"six characteristics (wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, fear of the Lord), and then the last characteristic (fear of the Lord) is mentioned a second time. In the Greek Septuagint the first mention of the fear of the Lord is translated as \\\"spirit of [...] godliness\\\" (\\\"πνεῦμα\\\" [...] \\\"εὐσεβείας\\\"). The seven Latin terms are then: The \\\"Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit\\\" is one of several works in Christian devotional literature which follow a scheme of seven. Others include the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer, the beatitudes, the seven last words from the cross, the seven deadly sins, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11654130\",\n \"text\": \"others, boldness in witnessing the faith, and rejoicing in the presence of God. The corresponding fruits of the Holy Spirit are love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. To be validly confirmed, a person must be in a state of grace, which means that they cannot be conscious of having committed a mortal sin. They must also have prepared spiritually for the sacrament, chosen a sponsor or godparent for spiritual support, and selected a saint to be their special patron. Soteriology is the branch of doctrinal theology that deals with salvation through Christ. Eternal life, divine life,cannot\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic theology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"776651\",\n \"text\": \"(Gospel of Mark 16:17–18). This promise was fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost and elsewhere as the church spread. In order to correct abuses concerning the spiritual gifts at Corinth, Paul devoted much attention to spiritual gifts in his First Epistle to the Corinthians (chapters 12–14). In 1 Corinthians 12, two Greek terms are translated as \\\"spiritual gifts\\\". In verse 1, the word \\\"pneumatika\\\" (\\\"spirituals\\\" or \\\"things of the Spirit\\\") is used. In verse 4, \\\"charisma\\\" is used. This word is derived from the word \\\"charis\\\", which means \\\"grace\\\". In verses 5 and 6, the words \\\"diakonia\\\" (translated \\\"administrations\\\", \\\"ministries\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Spiritual gift\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4665288\",\n \"text\": \"fruit of the spirit, namely love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control (Galatians 5:22-23). Such activities might include spiritual exercises practiced throughout the ages such as prayer, fellowship, service, study, simplicity, chastity, solitude, and fasting. Willard explains the crucial role of engaging in spiritual exercises in his book \\\"The Spirit of the Disciplines: Understanding How God Changes Lives\\\"—a book that was written after \\\"In Search of Guidance: Developing a Conversational Relationship with God\\\". Willard has a recommended reading page on his website listing specific titles by Thomas a Kempis, William Law, Frank Laubach, William Wilberforce, Richard Baxter,\",\n \"title\": \"Dallas Willard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1809295\",\n \"text\": \"and purpose than the tongues spoken of in I Corinthians 12–14. The latter are given to selected believers as the Spirit decides. Acts 2:3, Acts 2:11, 1 Cor. 12:10, 12:28,1 Cor. 14:21, James 3:8. UPCI doctrine also distinguishes between the fruit of the Spirit, as mentioned in Galatians 5:22–23, and the initial act of speaking in tongues. The fruit of the Spirit takes time to develop or cultivate and therefore does not qualify as an immediate, outward and identifiable sign of receiving the Holy Ghost. Speaking in other tongues, on the other hand, does serve as that sign and is\",\n \"title\": \"United Pentecostal Church International\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15039508\",\n \"text\": \"scholarship recognizes that the Paraclete, or Advocate, is mentioned five times throughout John's Gospel (John 14:16-17; 14:26; 15:26-27; 16:7-11; 16:13-17). The Advocate, called the \\\"Spirit of Truth\\\" is considered the Holy Spirit; a replacement for Jesus into the world after Jesus leaves, still dependent on Christ (14:6) and sent by the Father at Jesus' demand (14:16, 24). The Spirit is said to permanently remain with the disciples (14:18-21). John's Gospel says that the world cannot receive the Spirit though the Spirit can abide within the disciples (14:17). The Spirit will accuse the world of sin (16:9) and glorify Jesus (16:14),\",\n \"title\": \"Muhammad and the Bible\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478920\",\n \"text\": \"of the presence of the \\\"ruach ha-kodesh\\\" is the gift of prophecy. The use of the word \\\"ruach\\\" (Hebrew: \\\"breath\\\", or \\\"wind\\\") in the phrase \\\"ruach ha-kodesh\\\" seems to suggest that Judaic authorities believed the Holy Spirit was a kind of communication medium like the wind. The spirit talks sometimes with a masculine and sometimes with a feminine voice; the word \\\"ruacḥ\\\" is both masculine and feminine. The term Holy Spirit appears at least 90 times in the New Testament. The sacredness of the Holy Spirit to Christians is affirmed in all three Synoptic Gospels (, and ) which proclaim\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649693\",\n \"text\": \"for life and salvation; and likewise of love to the saints, which a carnal man is a stranger to, until he is renewed by the Holy Ghost, who in regenerating him teaches him to love the brethren; and which is the evidence of his having passed from death to life, through the mighty power of his grace. Moreover, love to the house and worship of God, to the truths and ordinances of the Gospel, all which men have naturally an aversion to, may be included in this first fruit of the Spirit: the next follows, which is even that which\",\n \"title\": \"Galatians 5\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8383425\",\n \"text\": \"Give to You in My Name\\\" is a compilation of messages and Lee claims that this book will enable the reader to understand \\\"the law of the spiritual realm\\\" on receiving answers from God. \\\"Against Such Things There is No Law\\\" discusses the “nine fruits of the Holy Spirit” along with specific examples. Jaerock Lee Jaerock Lee (born April 20, 1943, Muan County, Jeollanam-do, South Korea) is a Christian author, the senior pastor of the Manmin Central Church in Seoul, and a convicted serial rapist. Manmin means ‘all creation; all the nations; all the people.’ The church was founded by\",\n \"title\": \"Jaerock Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5537111\",\n \"text\": \"which is Haniel. Netzach is considered one of the Fruits of the Spirit in the Pauline Epistles (Romans 5:3, Galatians 5:22) Netzach Netzach (, \\\"eternity\\\") is the seventh of the ten Sefirot in the Jewish mystical system of Kabbalah. It is located beneath Chesed ('loving-kindness'), at the base of the \\\"Pillar of Mercy\\\" which also consists of Chochmah ('wisdom'). Netzach generally translates to 'eternity', and in the context of Kabbalah refers to 'perpetuity', 'victory', or 'endurance'. Netzach (Hebrew נצח) communicates the idea of long-suffering, strength, endurance unto completion or patience. This term appears eight times in the Hebrew scriptures and\",\n \"title\": \"Netzach\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13664209\",\n \"text\": \"Emmanuel motif brackets the entire Gospel of Matthew between 1:23 and 28:20, appearing explicitly and implicitly in several other passages, setting the tone for the salvific theme of Matthew. The names of the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit are inherently related in the New Testament, e.g. with Jesus' instruction to His disciples at the end of the Gospel of Matthew ():\\\"make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit\\\". The Greek word \\\"pneuma\\\", generally translated \\\"spirit\\\", is found around 385 times in the New Testament.\",\n \"title\": \"Names of God in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"776652\",\n \"text\": \"or \\\"service\\\") and \\\"energemata\\\" (\\\"operations\\\" or \\\"inworkings\\\") are used in describing the nature of the spiritual gifts. In verse 7, the term \\\"manifestation (\\\"phanerosis\\\") of the Spirit\\\" is used. From these scriptural passages, Christians understand the spiritual gifts to be enablements or capacities that are divinely bestowed upon individuals. Because they are freely given by God, these cannot be earned or merited. Though worked through individuals, these are operations or manifestations of the Holy Spirit—not of the gifted person. They are to be used for the benefit of others, and in a sense they are granted to the church as\",\n \"title\": \"Spiritual gift\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14714429\",\n \"text\": \"known as the Fruit of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit enables Christians, who still experience the effects of sin, to do things they never could do on their own. These spiritual gifts are not innate abilities \\\"unlocked\\\" by the Holy Spirit, but entirely new abilities, such as the ability to cast out demons or simply bold speech. Through the influence of the Holy Spirit a person sees more clearly the world around him or her and can use his or her mind and body in ways that exceed his or her previous capacity. A list of gifts that may\",\n \"title\": \"Christian theology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17317781\",\n \"text\": \"works of the sheep and will only condemn the works of the goats (Matt. 25:31-46). Furthermore, the Spirit works within the Christian after conversion. The Spirit gives the Christian virtuous, holy desires (commonly called the fruits of the Spirit) and crucifies his sinful flesh. The Spirit-led Christian eagerly looks to the Law of God, which no longer can accuse his conscience, so that it may guide him, whereas the non-believer always seeks guidance from man-made laws and philosophies that are full of error. In other words, Christian righteous will lead to new obedience. Both ways of describing active righteousness are\",\n \"title\": \"The two kinds of righteousness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3302253\",\n \"text\": \"age God would pour out his spirit upon all of Israel, which would become a nation of prophets. While the exact phrase \\\"baptism with the Holy Spirit\\\" is not found in the New Testament, two forms of the phrase are found in the canonical gospels using the verb \\\"baptize\\\", from the Greek word \\\"baptizein\\\" meaning to \\\"immerse\\\" or \\\"plunge\\\". The baptism was spoken about by John the Baptist, who contrasted his water baptism for the forgiveness of sins with the baptism of Jesus. In Mark 1 and John 1, the Baptist proclaimed that Jesus \\\"will baptize in (the) Holy Spirit\\\";\",\n \"title\": \"Baptism with the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4658983\",\n \"text\": \"little rod from Jesse gives rise to a splendid flower\\\", following the language of the Vulgate. Instead of the ancestors seen in later depictions, seven doves (with haloes) perch in the branches. These, in a motif from Byzantine art, represent the Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit as described by the Apostle Paul. Williams goes on to compare it with two other famous images, the \\\"Tree of Jesse\\\" window at Chartres Cathedral and the \\\"Lambeth Bible\\\" in England. Williams says:- However this claim of Bohemian origin may be somewhat overstated, as there is an incipient version in an Anglo-Norman manuscript\",\n \"title\": \"Tree of Jesse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478921\",\n \"text\": \"that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the unforgivable sin. The participation of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity is suggested in Jesus' final post-Resurrection instruction to his disciples at the end of the Gospel of Matthew (28:19): \\\"Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit\\\". The Holy Spirit is mentioned by all three authors of the synoptic Gospels. Most of the references are by the author of the Gospel of Luke; this emphasis is continued by the same author in\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651533\",\n \"text\": \"to his own needs and desires, when \\\"chrestotes\\\" is working in a believer, he seeks to become adaptable to the needs of those who are around him. (\\\"Sparkling Gems from the Greek\\\", Rick Renner) Kindness is doing something and not expecting anything in return. Kindness is respect and helping others without waiting for someone to help one back. It implies kindness no matter what. We should live \\\"in purity, understanding, patience and kindness; in the Holy Spirit and in sincere love; in truthful speech and in the power of God; with weapons of righteousness in the right hand and in\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13619925\",\n \"text\": \"good works which are simply evidence of faith, only through Christ's sacrifice which is free to all. Edwards describes the importance of testing new faith and discerning whether it is legitimate. He lays out twelve tests of true conversion, including ways of measuring allegedly fruitful works. He basically concludes that the fruit of the Spirit are the religious affections, love being the chief affection, and that all other fruit (or Christian virtues) flow from this. \\\"Love is the chief of the affections, and as it were the fountain of them.\\\" (p. 76, Banner of Truth Edition). He further says \\\"for\",\n \"title\": \"Religious Affections\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5020455\",\n \"text\": \"the perfect operations of the virtues, especially in the face of our human weakness and in difficult situations.\\\" Saint Augustine drew a connection between the gifts of the Holy Spirit and the Beatitudes (Matt.5:3-12). Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit The Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit are an enumeration of seven spiritual gifts originating from patristic authors, later elaborated by five intellectual virtues and four other groups of ethical characteristics. They are: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord. The seven gifts are found in the Book of Isaiah , where the Biblical passage refers\",\n \"title\": \"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4459948\",\n \"text\": \"The first two lines are a reference to Isaiah , which in the KJV reads, \\\"The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.\\\" Ephraim (in the third line) is one of the tribes of Israel. He is the second son of Joseph (Gen. 41:52; 46:20). The last line is a millennial reference to the second coming of Christ. Stanzas 1,2,3, and 6 appear in the LDS Church's hymnal as hymn verses 1 to\",\n \"title\": \"The Spirit of God Like a Fire Is Burning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478914\",\n \"text\": \"the Paraclete and the Holy Spirit. The New Testament details a close relationship between the Holy Spirit and Jesus during his earthly life and ministry. The Gospels of Matthew and Luke and the Nicene Creed state that Jesus was \\\"conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary\\\". The Holy Spirit descended on Jesus like a dove during his baptism, and in his Farewell Discourse after the Last Supper Jesus promised to send the Holy Spirit to his disciples after his departure. The Holy Spirit is referred to as \\\"the Lord, the Giver of Life\\\" in the Nicene Creed,\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16461200\",\n \"text\": \"Holy Spirit in the Pauline epistles The Holy Spirit plays a key role in the Pauline epistles and Apostle Paul's pneumatology is closely connected to his theology and Christology, to the point of being almost inseparable from them. The First Epistle to the Thessalonians, which was likely the first of Paul's letters, introduces a characterization of the Holy Spirit in and which persist throughout his epistles. In 1 Thessalonians 1:6 Paul refers to the imitation of Christ (and himself) and states: \\\"And ye became imitators of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in the Pauline epistles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478941\",\n \"text\": \"or \\\"Filling with the Holy Spirit\\\" which the Christian needs to experience in order to receive those gifts. However, many Christian denominations hold that the Baptism with the Holy Spirit is identical with conversion, and that all Christians are by definition baptized in the Holy Spirit. The \\\"seven gifts of the Holy Spirit\\\" pour out on a believer at baptism, and are traditionally derived from Isaiah , although the New Testament does not refer to Isaiah 11:1–2 regarding these gifts. These 7 gifts are: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude (strength), knowledge, piety and fear of the Lord. This is the view\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6161308\",\n \"text\": \"in the Father and the Son, and emanates from Them throughout the entire universe (1 Kings 8:27; Psalm 139:7; Jeremiah 23:24). It was through the Spirit that God created all things (Genesis 1:1–2; Revelation 4:11). It is the power by which Christ maintains the universe (Hebrews 1:2–3). It is given to all who repent of their sins and are baptized (Acts 2:38–39) and is the power (Acts 1:8; 2 Timothy 1:6–7) by which all believers may be \\\"overcomers\\\" (Romans 8:37, KJV; Revelation 2:26–27) and will be led to eternal life.\\\" Scripture mentions prayer to the Father, and to the Son,\",\n \"title\": \"Binitarianism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"195003\",\n \"text\": \"the Holy Spirit was said to descend in the form of a dove as the voice of God the Father spoke as described in Matthew, Mark, and Luke;the second being from the day of Pentecost, fifty days after Pascha where the descent of the Holy Spirit came upon the Apostles and other followers of Jesus Christ, as tongues of fire as described in the Acts of the Apostles. Called \\\"the unveiled epiphany of God\\\", the Holy Spirit is the one who empowers the followers of Jesus with spiritual gifts and power that enabled the proclamation of Jesus Christ, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14714352\",\n \"text\": \"Epistle of Peter claims that \\\"no prophecy of Scripture ... was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit\\\" (2 Pet 1:20–21). The Second Epistle of Peter also implies that Paul's writings are inspired (2 Pet 3:16). Many Christians cite a verse in Paul's letter to Timothy, 2 Timothy 3:16-17, as evidence that \\\"all scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable ...\\\" Here St. Paul is referring to the Old Testament, since the scriptures have been known by Timothy from \\\"infancy\\\" (verse 15). Others\",\n \"title\": \"Christian theology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649702\",\n \"text\": \"meekness, to wrath and murders; faith to idolatry, witchcraft, and heresies; and temperance to adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, drunkenness, and revellings. meaning, against such fruits, graces, and good things; these being perfectly agreeable to the law of God, which is holy, just, and good, and spiritual; and are so far from being forbidden by it, that they are highly esteemed and approved of by it: or against persons that are possessed of such fruits; for these appear to be in the spirit, and to be led by the Spirit; and therefore are not under the law, and have nothing to\",\n \"title\": \"Galatians 5\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5020451\",\n \"text\": \"seven virtues. The seven gifts were often represented as doves in medieval texts and especially figure in depictions of the Tree of Jesse which shows the Genealogy of Jesus. For Saint Thomas Aquinas, the dove signifies by its properties each gift of the Holy Spirit. Although the New Testament does not refer to Isaiah 11:1-2 regarding these gifts, Roman Catholicism teaches that initiates receive them at Baptism and that they are strengthened at Confirmation, so that one can proclaim the truths of the faith: \\\"The reception of the sacrament of Confirmation is necessary for the completion of baptismal grace.\\\" For\",\n \"title\": \"Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7665612\",\n \"text\": \"the term \\\"the Law\\\" was applied generally to the Old Testament\\\". 1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the First Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Sosthenes in Ephesus. In this chapter, Paul writes about the gift of prophesy and about speaking in tongues. Biblical scholar F. Dale Bruner states that \\\"edification becomes the theme of this chapter: in Paul's thought, the ultimate criterion for a gift of the Spirit is this: Does it upbuild the church?\\\" The New King James Version\",\n \"title\": \"1 Corinthians 14\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3302254\",\n \"text\": \"while in Matthew 3 and Luke 3, he \\\"will baptize with Holy Spirit and fire\\\". Jesus is considered the first person to receive the baptism with the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit descended on Jesus during his baptism and anointed him with power. Afterward, Jesus began his ministry and displayed his power by casting out demons, healing the sick, and teaching with authority. The phrase \\\"baptized in the Holy Spirit\\\" occurs two times in Acts of the Apostles, first in Acts 1:4–5 and second in Acts 11:16. Other terminology is used in Acts to indicate Spirit baptism, such as \\\"filled\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Baptism with the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4565558\",\n \"text\": \"Bruce was a scholar on the life and ministry of Paul the Apostle and wrote several studies, the best known of which is \\\"Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit\\\" (published in the United States as \\\"Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free\\\"). He also wrote on many biblical books including Habakkuk, the Gospel of John, the Acts of the Apostles, Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Philippians, the Epistle to the Hebrews, and the Epistles of John. Most of Bruce's works were scholarly, but he also wrote many popular works on the Bible.\",\n \"title\": \"F. F. Bruce\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"38316\",\n \"text\": \"version of this material, and \\\"Esdras A\\\" is the version which was previously in the Septuagint on its own. Some texts are found in the Septuagint but are not present in the Hebrew. These additional books are Tobit, Judith, Wisdom of Solomon, Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach, Baruch, the Letter of Jeremiah (which later became chapter 6 of Baruch in the Vulgate), additions to Daniel (The Prayer of Azarias, the Song of the Three Children, Susanna and Bel and the Dragon), additions to Esther, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, 3 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees, 1 Esdras, Odes, including the Prayer of\",\n \"title\": \"Bible\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15478929\",\n \"text\": \", a theme also found in other Pauline letters. The New Testament details a close relationship between the Holy Spirit and Jesus during his earthly life and ministry. The Apostles' Creed echoes the statements in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew, stating that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of Mary. Specific New Testament references to the interaction of Jesus and the Holy Spirit during his earthly life, and the enabling power of the Holy Spirit during his ministry include: In his Farewell Discourse to his disciples, Jesus promised that he would \\\"send the Holy Spirit\\\" to\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649696\",\n \"text\": \"the sense of the word here; since it follows upon, and is joined with love, and stands between that and which is another fruit of the Spirit: and designs peace with God in a man's own conscience, produced there by the Spirit of God, in consequence of peace being made by the blood of Christ; and that through the application of the blood of Christ for pardon, and of his righteousness for justification to the soul of a sensible sinner by the blessed Spirit, the effect of which is peace, quietness, and tranquillity of mind; also peace with men, with\",\n \"title\": \"Galatians 5\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18386243\",\n \"text\": \"provided in the traditional Hebrew order of \\\"Law\\\" (\\\"Torah\\\"), \\\"Prophets\\\" (\\\"Nevi'im\\\") and \\\"Writings\\\" (\\\"Ketuvim\\\"), starting with the Book of Genesis and ending with 2 Chronicles. The Book of Daniel, which is usually placed among the \\\"Writings\\\" in Hebrew Bibles, is instead placed at the end of the \\\"Prophets\\\". The LEV prefers Hebraic terminology over Greek; for example, when referring to the Holy Spirit in the New Testament, Ruaḥ is used where the usual English rendering \\\"spirit\\\" is translated from the Greek πνευμα (\\\"pneuma\\\"). The Old Testament is based primarily on the Masoretic Hebrew text, as found in the Biblia Hebraica\",\n \"title\": \"Literal English Version\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7395503\",\n \"text\": \"to God in Heaven, in the traditional place of honor, mentioned in the New Testament as the place of Christ at Mark 16:19, Luke 22:69, Matthew 22:44 and 26:64, Acts 2:34 and 7:55, 1 Peter 3:22 and elsewhere. These uses reflect use of the phrase in the Old Testament, for example in Psalms 63:8 and 110:1. The implications of this anthropomorphic phrasing have been discussed at length by theologians, including Saint Thomas Aquinas. Right hand of God The right hand of God (\\\"Dextera Domini\\\" \\\"right hand of the Lord\\\" in Latin) or God's right hand may refer to the Bible\",\n \"title\": \"Right hand of God\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9295442\",\n \"text\": \"knowledge of God will deem it no longer necessary to put it into written words of instruction.\\\" According to Luke (Lk 22, 20), and Paul, in the first epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor 11, 25), this prophecy was fulfilled only through the work of Jesus Christ, who said \\\"This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which will be shed for you.\\\" Christ did not come to abolish the law but to fulfill it. His purpose was to encourage people to look beyond the \\\"letter of the law\\\" to the \\\"spirit of the law\\\"...the principles behind the commandments\",\n \"title\": \"Letter and spirit of the law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16461251\",\n \"text\": \"Holy Spirit in the Acts of the Apostles The Holy Spirit plays a key role in the Acts of the Apostles, leading to the use of the titles \\\"Book of the Holy Spirit\\\" or the \\\"Acts of the Holy Spirit\\\" for that book of the New Testament. Of the about seventy occurrences of the word \\\"Pneuma\\\" in Acts, fifty five refer to the Holy Spirit. From the start, in , the reader is reminded that the Ministry of Jesus, while he was on earth, was carried out through the power of the Holy Spirit and that the \\\"acts of the\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Spirit in the Acts of the Apostles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3247268\",\n \"text\": \"Apostles continued to develop. Especially St. Paul of Tarsus brings the two elements of Christian asceticism out in well-defined terms: mortification of inordinate desires as the negative element (Romans 6:8, 13; 2 Corinthians 4:16; Galatians 5:24; Colossians 3:5), union with God in all thoughts, words and deeds (1 Corinthians 10:31; Galatians 6:14; Colossians 3:3-17), and active love of God and once neighbour (Romans 8:35; 1 Corinthians 13:3) as the positive element. With the Bible as a basis, the Fathers and Doctors of the Church explained particular features of the Christian life in a more coherent and detailed manner. The Apostolic\",\n \"title\": \"Ascetical theology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1711517\",\n \"text\": \"the sign of the messianic age foretold by the prophets (Cf. Ezek 36:25-27; Joel 3:1-2). Its arrival was proclaimed by Apostle Peter. Filled with the Holy Spirit the apostles began to proclaim \\\"the mighty works of God.\\\" (Acts 2:11; Cf. 2:17-18) After this point, the New Testament records the apostles bestowing the Holy Spirit upon others through the laying on of hands. Three texts make it certain that a laying on of hands for the imparting of the Spirit — performed after the water-bath and as a complement to this bath — existed already in the earliest apostolic times. These\",\n \"title\": \"Confirmation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"59326\",\n \"text\": \"John's Gospel was written in Greek, and the word translated as \\\"again\\\" is ἄνωθεν (\\\"ánōtʰen\\\"), which could mean \\\"again\\\", or \\\"from above\\\". The New Revised Standard Version prefers this latter translation, and both the King James Version and the Revised Version give it as an alternative in the margins. Hoskyns argues that it is to be preferred as the fundamental meaning and he drew attention to phrases such as \\\"birth of the Spirit ()\\\", \\\"birth from God (cf. ; , , , )\\\" but maintains that this necessarily carries with it an emphasis upon the newness of the life as\",\n \"title\": \"Born again\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15345665\",\n \"text\": \"entity, the sign of which was the Sabbath (Exod. 31:15-17), which was temporary in terms of its purpose and duration (Heb. 8:7-13), and which was superseded by the New Covenant (Jer. 31:31-33); The promised everlasting covenant (Heb. 13:20) established by Christ Jesus (Luke 22:20; Dan. 9:26-27) that fulfills all preceding biblical covenants – a covenant in which all believers have full forgiveness of sins (Jer. 31:34), are permanently indwelt by the Spirit (Ezek. 36:25-27; Eph. 1:13-14), and are empowered by the Spirit to please God (Jer. 31:31-33; Phil. 2:12-13); All God’s elect, consisting of believing Jews and Gentiles (Eph. 2:15),\",\n \"title\": \"New Covenant theology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4213771\",\n \"text\": \"Eternal sin In Christian hamartiology, eternal sins, unforgivable sins, or unpardonable sins are sins which will not be forgiven by God. One eternal or unforgivable sin (blasphemy against the Holy Spirit) is specified in several passages of the Synoptic Gospels, including , , and . In Catholic teaching there are six sins that blaspheme against the Holy Spirit. They are: Several passages in the Bible are frequently interpreted as referring to the unforgivable sin: According to the \\\"Catechism of the Catholic Church\\\" §1864, there are no limits to the mercy of God, but anyone who deliberately refuses to accept his\",\n \"title\": \"Eternal sin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4610189\",\n \"text\": \"for a Messiah. Readings from the gospels parallel the events of Jesus' life from Christmas and Epiphany to Holy Week and Easter. The book of Acts and Paul’s letters tell the story of the earliest Christian movement, culminating with the Pentecost readings on the Holy Spirit. The Narrative Lectionary was developed by Profs. Rolf Jacobson and Craig Koester of Luther Seminary. The Roman Catholic lectionary includes a two-year cycle for the weekday mass readings (called Cycle I and Cycle II). Odd-numbered years are Cycle I; even-numbered ones are Cycle II. The weekday lectionary includes a reading from the Old Testament,\",\n \"title\": \"Lectionary\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9513405\",\n \"text\": \"response to this is a deafening silence... The topic of lust may sometimes be alluded to, but never developed into the precise “doctrine” of the Bible's teaching on lust and masturbation, which really develops into a study on the fruit of the Spirit (love to Christ more than “self”, and self-control)... Since we are in desperate need for Biblical teaching on this subject, we turn to the church to teach us what it means to be sexually pure. But, Christian men who struggle with this sin have little practical help from their local church.\\\" What is clear is that Calvinists\",\n \"title\": \"Religious views on masturbation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13369029\",\n \"text\": \"reiterates that God is \\\"spirit\\\" and that the Bible presents God through personification and anthropomorphism which reflects only a likeness to God. There are some Christian churches (see below) who teach that the Holy Spirit is feminine based on the fact that both feminine nouns and verbs, as well as feminine analogies, are thought to be used by the Bible to describe the Spirit of God in passages such as Genesis 1:1-2, Genesis 2:7, Deut. 32:11-12, Proverbs 1:20, Matthew 11:19, Luke 3:22, and John 3:5-6. These are based on the grammatical gender of both the nouns and verbs used by\",\n \"title\": \"Gender of the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12845248\",\n \"text\": \"which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the followers of Jesus Christ (Esho Mshexa in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic) as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter . Thus, the Church's name originates from the biblical passages contained within the Acts of the Apostles which refers to the day of Pentecost. The Bible is the inspired Word of God. Our God is one, but manifested in three persons, The Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Through Adam's transgression and fall, sin came into the world. Through Jesus' death and resurrection, righteousness comes to all who believe. Baptism in water,\",\n \"title\": \"Assyrian Pentecostal Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18706423\",\n \"text\": \"grace of God is intended the doctrine of grace, the Gospel of the grace of God; called so, because it is a declaration of the grace of God, and of salvation by it: and is the means, in the hand of the Spirit, of conveying grace to the heart, and implanting it in it; in which sense the phrase is used in ( Acts 20:24 ) ( 2 Corinthians 6:1 ) ( Hebrews 12:15 ) and this is called the Gospel of salvation, the word of salvation, and salvation itself, and so may be said to bring it; it brings\",\n \"title\": \"Titus 2\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"424803\",\n \"text\": \"Sun. The tree of life first appears in Genesis 2:9 and 3:22-24 as the source of eternal life in the Garden of Eden, from which access is revoked when man is driven from the garden. It then reappears in the last book of the Bible, the Book of Revelation, and most predominantly in the last chapter of that book (Chapter 22) as a part of the new garden of paradise. Access is then no longer forbidden, for those who \\\"wash their robes\\\" (or as the textual variant in the King James Version has it, \\\"they that do his commandments\\\") \\\"have\",\n \"title\": \"Tree of life\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14714433\",\n \"text\": \"lists of such gifts which range from the supernatural (healing, prophecy, tongues) through those associated with specific callings (teaching) to those expected of all Christians in some degree (faith). Most consider these lists not to be exhaustive, and other have compiled their own lists. Saint Ambrose wrote of the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit poured out on a believer at baptism: 1. Spirit of Wisdom; 2. Spirit of Understanding; 3. Spirit of Counsel; 4. Spirit of Strength; 5. Spirit of Knowledge; 6. Spirit of Godliness; 7. Spirit of Holy Fear. It is over the nature and occurrence of these\",\n \"title\": \"Christian theology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3061832\",\n \"text\": \"Forbidden fruit Forbidden fruit is a phrase that originates from the Book of Genesis concerning Adam and Eve in . In the narrative, Adam and Eve eat the fruit of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden, which they had been commanded not to do by God. As a metaphor, the phrase typically refers to any indulgence or pleasure that is considered illegal or immoral. The narrative of the Book of Genesis places the first man and woman (Adam and Eve) in a garden where they may eat the fruit of many trees but are forbidden by\",\n \"title\": \"Forbidden fruit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"583863\",\n \"text\": \"Spirit, according to the Apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Galatians. In the Christian Bible, patience is referred to in several sections. The Book of Proverbs notes that \\\"through patience a ruler can be persuaded, and a gentle tongue can break a bone\\\" (Proverbs 25:14-16, NIV); Ecclesiastes points out that the \\\"end of a matter is better than its beginning, and patience is better than pride\\\" (Ecclesiastes 7:7-9, NIV); and 1 Thessalonians states that we should \\\"be patient with all. See that no one returns evil for evil; rather, always seek what is good for each other and for\",\n \"title\": \"Patience\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3302259\",\n \"text\": \"for all who are far off, everyone whom the Lord our God calls to himself\\\". Baptism in the Holy Spirit occurs elsewhere in Acts. The gospel had been proclaimed in Samaria and the apostles Peter and John were sent from Jerusalem. The new believers had been baptized in water, but the Holy Spirit had not yet fallen on them. The Samaritans received the Holy Spirit when Peter and John laid their hands on them. The Apostle Paul was also filled with the Holy Spirit when Ananias of Damascus laid hands on him, and afterwards Paul was baptized with water. Later\",\n \"title\": \"Baptism with the Holy Spirit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9555686\",\n \"text\": \"and wonders. A significant amount of Paul's teachings is about the use of supernatural gifts. There would not be such specific instruction in the New Testament about something that would not have anything to do with today's church. Paul's instructions regarding the utterance gifts was for the church to desire them (1 Corinthians 12:31; 14:1, 39). This and 1 Corinthians 13:10 mean that Jesus' return and the church's glorification (perfection) will fulfill the gifts of the Spirit (needed due to imperfection), just as Jesus' first coming (his sacrifice being perfect) fulfilled the law (the imperfect). Continuationists believe that Paul wrote\",\n \"title\": \"Continuationism\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where are the fruits of the spirit found in the bible"}}},{"rowIdx":76,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["15 March 1950"],"string":"[\n \"15 March 1950\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"4896108","text":"Planning Commission (India) The Planning Commission (Hindi: योजना आयोग, \"Yojana Āyog\") was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions. In his first Independence Day speech in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced his intention to dissolve the Planning Commission. It has since been replaced by a new institution named NITI Aayog. Rudimentary economic planning, deriving from the sovereign authority of the state, was first initiated in India in 1938 by Congress President and Indian National Army supreme leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, who had been persuaded by Meghnad Saha to set up","title":"Planning Commission (India)"},{"id":"4896115","text":"and a considerable size on Facebook, YouTube and SlideShare. Planning Commission (India) The Planning Commission (Hindi: योजना आयोग, \"Yojana Āyog\") was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions. In his first Independence Day speech in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced his intention to dissolve the Planning Commission. It has since been replaced by a new institution named NITI Aayog. Rudimentary economic planning, deriving from the sovereign authority of the state, was first initiated in India in 1938 by Congress President and Indian National Army supreme leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, who","title":"Planning Commission (India)"},{"id":"4896110","text":"ideological divisions between Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru. Other scholars have argued that the Planning Commission, as a central agency in the context of plural democracy in India, needs to carry out more functions than rudimentary economic planning. After India achieved Independence, a formal model of planning was adopted, and accordingly the Planning Commission, reporting directly to the Prime Minister of India, was established on 15 March 1950, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the Chairman. Authority for creation of the Planning Commission was not derived from the Constitution of India or statute; it is an arm of the Central Government","title":"Planning Commission (India)"},{"id":"4896112","text":"were treated as Annual Plans. The Eighth Plan was finally launched in 1992 after the initiation of structural adjustment policies. For the first eight Plans the emphasis was on a growing public sector with massive investments in basic and heavy industries, but since the launch of the Ninth Plan in 1997, the emphasis on the public sector has become less pronounced and the current thinking on planning in the country, in general, is that it should increasingly be of an indicative nature. In 2014, Narendra Modi government decided to wind down the Planning Commission. It was replaced by the newly","title":"Planning Commission (India)"},{"id":"4896109","text":"a National Planning Committee. M. Visvesvaraya had been elected head of the Planning Committee. Meghnad Saha approached the great engineer and requested him to step down. He argued that planning needed a reciprocity between science and politics. M. Visvesvaraya generously agreed and Jawaharlal Nehru was made head of the National Planning Committee.The so-called \"British Raj\" also formally established Advisory Planning Board under K. C. Neogy that functioned from 1944 to 1946. Industrialists and economists independently formulated at least three development plans in 2012. Some scholars have argued that the introduction of planning as an instrument was intended to transcend the","title":"Planning Commission (India)"},{"id":"4896111","text":"of India. The first Five-Year Plan was launched in 1951, focusing mainly on development of the agricultural sector. Two subsequent Five-Year Plans were formulated before 1965, when there was a break because of the Indo-Pakistan conflict. Two successive years of drought, devaluation of the currency, a general rise in prices and erosion of resources disrupted the planning process and after three Annual Plans between 1966 and 1969, the fourth Five-Year Plan was started in 1969. The Eighth Plan could not take off in 1990 due to the fast changing political situation at the Centre, and the years 1990–91 and 1991–92","title":"Planning Commission (India)"},{"id":"12660117","text":"Planning Act 2008 The Planning Act 2008 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to speed up the process for approving major new infrastructure projects such as airports, roads, harbours, energy facilities such as nuclear power and waste facilities. Along with the Climate Change Bill and the Energy Bill this bill was considered by the Brown administration to be one of the \"three legislative pillars of the Government's strategy to secure long-term prosperity and quality of life for all\". Labour introduced the Bill that became the Planning Act, although some 60 Labour members signed a Commons","title":"Planning Act 2008"},{"id":"1640350","text":"1947 the Nyasaland government set up a Land Planning Committee of civil servants to advise on implementing its proposals and deal with the acquisition of land for re-settlement. It recommended the re-acquisition only of land which was either undeveloped or occupied by large numbers of African residents or tenants. Land capable of future development as estates was to be protected against unorganised cultivation. From 1948, the programme of land acquisition intensified, assisted by an increased willingness of estate owners who saw no future in merely leasing land and marketing their tenants' crops. In 1948, it was estimated that 1.2 million","title":"Nyasaland"},{"id":"17144174","text":"deter future European investment and increase racial tensions. As a result of the Abrahams report, the Nyasaland government set up a Land Planning Committee of civil servants in 1947 to advise on implementing its proposals and deal with the acquisition of land for re-settlement. Its original official members co-opted six representatives of the estate owners and six missionaries, but no Africans, although it took evidence from several chiefs. The committee realised the difficulty of its task, and considered it would be expensive and take time to complete. However, it was pressed to achieve results and decided to concentrate on the","title":"Abrahams Commission"},{"id":"18314704","text":"industrial development. Subsequently, the Planning Commission was constituted in March 1950 and the Industrial (Development and Regulation) Act was enacted in 1951 with the objective of empowering the government to take necessary steps to regulate industrial development. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru promoted an economic policy based on import substitution industrialisation and advocated a mixed economy. He believed that the establishment of basic and heavy industry was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy. India's second five year plan (1956–60) and the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasised the development of public sector enterprises to meet Nehru's national","title":"Public sector undertakings in India"},{"id":"5473021","text":"schematic patterns rather than a transparent and objective mechanism, which led to the adoption of the Gadgil formula in 1969. Revised versions of the formula have been used since then to determine the allocation of central assistance for state plans. The new government led by Narendra Modi, elected in 2014, has announced the dissolution of the Planning Commission, and its replacement by a think tank called the NITI Aayog (an acronym for National Institution for Transforming India). Five-Year Plans (FYPs) are centralized and integrated national economic programs. Joseph Stalin implemented the first Five Year Plan in the Soviet Union in","title":"Five-Year Plans of India"},{"id":"14544044","text":"describes how the quality of farm land is graded and what this grade means for landowners. Agricultural Land Classification The Agricultural Land Classification system forms part of the planning system in England and Wales. It classifies agricultural land in five categories according to versatility and suitability for growing crops. Agricultural Land Classification in Wales In November 2017, the Welsh Government launched the Predictive Agricultural Land Classification Map. This is the first update since the 1970s and replaces the Provisional Agricultual Land Classiciation Map for Wales. Importantly it distinguishes between ALC Sub-grades 3a and 3b. The Welsh Government is undertaking the","title":"Agricultural Land Classification"},{"id":"7477404","text":"2012. The Act established that planning permission was required for land development; ownership alone no longer conferred the right to develop the land. To control this, the Act reorganised the planning system from the 1,400 existing planning authorities to 145 (formed from county and borough councils), and required them all to prepare a comprehensive development plan. These local authorities were given wide-ranging powers in addition to approval of planning proposals; they could carry out redevelopment of land themselves, or use compulsory purchase orders to buy land and lease it to private developers. They were also given powers to control outdoor","title":"Town and Country Planning Act 1947"},{"id":"15567366","text":"the \"PAB Accreditation Standards and Criteria\" found on the PAB website. The policies and procedures governing accreditation are available in PAB's \"Policies and Procedures Manual.\" PAB was founded in 1984, as it was deemed necessary to assess quality and encourage excellence in higher education. Prior to this formal accreditation process, there was a recognition program in place administered by the National Education Development Committee (NEDC) of the American Institute of Planners (AIP). PAB is recognized by the Council on Higher Education Accreditation and is a member of the Association of Professional and Specialized Accreditors. The national office of the Planning","title":"Planning Accreditation Board"},{"id":"7477408","text":"related expenditure, such as the cost of acquiring land outside the main redevelopment areas. Later revisions of the Act were legislated in 1962, 1971 and 1990. Whilst the 1990 Act is the current legislation, this Act has been substantially amended and added to, especially in 1991, 2004, 2008 and 2011. Town and Country Planning Act 1947 The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. VI c. 51) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed by the Labour government led by Clement Attlee. It came into effect on 1 July 1948, and along with the","title":"Town and Country Planning Act 1947"},{"id":"7622743","text":"Josiah Stamp. In 1941 a National Production Advisory Council was set up, chaired by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1947 there was an Economic Planning Board under Sir Edwin Plowden; it included industrialists and civil servants, and on Plowden’s retirement in 1953 the Treasury Permanent Secretary took over as chair. In 1957 the Council on Prices, Productivity and Incomes (“the Three Wise Men”) was set up. NEDC was outlined to the House of Commons in July 1961 by then Chancellor, Selwyn Lloyd, and first met in 1962. It was modelled on the French Economic and Social Council, and it","title":"National Economic Development Council"},{"id":"8449090","text":"of President Ferdinand E. Marcos. In his 1970 State of the Nation Address, Marcos said the administrative machinery of government must be restructured and revitalized to meet the challenge of change and development. Marcos, thereafter, crafted a government reorganization plan which included a National Economic Development Authority and submitted it to Congress for their approval. In 1972, the National Economic Development Authority (without the conjunction “and”) was created as the government’s central planning body. The first major thrust of the government-wide reorganization effected through Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 1 issued on 24 September 1972, otherwise known as the Integrated Reorganization","title":"National Economic and Development Authority"},{"id":"12887128","text":"a six-year development plan and embodied in the Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic Development in South and South East Asia. This was essentially an outline plan and delineated only a broad pattern of development. Finally, in 1953, Prime minister Khawaja Nazimuddin decided to give commission to an institution that was set up on 18 July 1953. Ultimately, Zahid Hussain, former Governor of State Bank of Pakistan was appointed its first deputy chairman and two other members. This is the list of the former deputy chairmen of the planning commission of Pakistan. The Vision 2025 is the country’s long–term development blueprint","title":"Planning Commission (Pakistan)"},{"id":"14544043","text":"Agricultural Land Classification The Agricultural Land Classification system forms part of the planning system in England and Wales. It classifies agricultural land in five categories according to versatility and suitability for growing crops. Agricultural Land Classification in Wales In November 2017, the Welsh Government launched the Predictive Agricultural Land Classification Map. This is the first update since the 1970s and replaces the Provisional Agricultual Land Classiciation Map for Wales. Importantly it distinguishes between ALC Sub-grades 3a and 3b. The Welsh Government is undertaking the first update to the Predictive Agricultural Land Classification Map between 2018 and 2020. Frequently Asked Questions","title":"Agricultural Land Classification"},{"id":"2252614","text":"Planning permission in the United Kingdom Planning permission in the United Kingdom refers to the planning permission required in the United Kingdom and Ireland in order to be allowed to build on land, or change the use of land or buildings. Within the UK the occupier of any land or building will need title to that land or building (i.e. \"ownership\"), but will also need \"planning title\" or planning permission. Planning title was granted for all pre-existing uses and buildings by the Town and Country Planning Act 1947, which came into effect on 1 July 1948. Since that date any","title":"Planning permission in the United Kingdom"},{"id":"13855400","text":"was abolished by Coalition Government's Localism Act 2011 which transferred its decision making powers in all cases to the relevant Secretary of State. The Act gained royal assent on 15 November 2011 and from 1 April 2012, the acceptance and examination of applications for development consent is dealt with by a new Infrastructure Planning Unit within the Planning Inspectorate. The IPC examined accepted applications for development consent for proposed projects that meet certain thresholds, as set out in Part 3 of the 2008 Act. In England, its remit covered applications for proposed energy, transport, water, waste water and waste infrastructure","title":"Infrastructure Planning Commission"},{"id":"12660121","text":"for the future”. The Infrastructure Planning Commission was formed on 1 October 2009 with a brief to oversee planning applications for major infrastructure projects (also known as nationally significant infrastructure projects (NSIPs)) such as power stations, roads, railways and airports claiming to cut the time to make a decision from seven years to less than a year and saving the taxpayer £300 million per year. Applications for large energy and transport projects had to be made to the IPC from 1 March 2010, but by December 2010 only two applications had in fact been made, one of which the IPC","title":"Planning Act 2008"},{"id":"12660123","text":"with a Major Infrastructure Planning Unit of the Planning Inspectorate, and return decision-making to the Secretary of State. It will also allow the House of Commons to be able to veto National Policy Statements, and makes other changes to the Planning Act regime. Amends sections 14 and appends section 30A to the Planning Act 2008. It sets out rules for disposal of radioactive waste, and surveying the potential sites. Planning Act 2008 The Planning Act 2008 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to speed up the process for approving major new infrastructure projects such as","title":"Planning Act 2008"},{"id":"19881321","text":"been the \"amicus curiae\" in the Sohrabuddin Sheikh case, which had implicated BJP leaders including Modi's aide Amit Shah. The government also passed a bill increasing the control that it had over the appointment of judges, and reducing that of the judiciary. On 31 December 2014, Modi announced that the Planning Commission had been scrapped. It was replaced with a body called the National Institution for Transforming India, or NITI Aayog. The Planning Commission was a legacy of the Indian Independence movement, although critics said that it was slowing economic growth. The new body includes the leaders of all 29","title":"Premiership of Narendra Modi"},{"id":"12887130","text":"The function of DERA Unit is to facilitate the implementation of the project in the drought-hit areas of all the four provinces and coordinate activities carried out in the provinces to mitigate the effects of drought. The National Fertilizer Development Centre (NFDC) was set up by the Government in 1977. After a brief period of aid from the United Nations Development Program it has been assisted by the Food and Agriculture Organization with Trust Funds from The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation up to 1981, and from the Netherlands up to 1997. The 'Centre for Rural Economy' would fill the","title":"Planning Commission (Pakistan)"},{"id":"6066957","text":"it only had limited success. The aim of the Land Commission was to purchase land for public goods such as housing or shopping redevelopment (compulsorily, if the need arose), and investigated the planning needs of a particular area in conjunction with the Ministry of Housing and some planning authorities to see if any land in any particular area would be needed for such developmental schemes. Although the Land Commission purchased substantial quantities of land, it did not become the dominant influence in the land market that the government had hoped for. The Housing Subsidies Act 1967 fixed interest rates at","title":"Labour government, 1964–1970"},{"id":"13845510","text":"for the objectives described in these plans to be legally binding. Lack of political will resulted in inaction, and land use objectives outside of protected areas were not made legal. The draft integrated land use plans for the four areas created too much controversy and the Provincial government was concerned about CORE as an independent body creating so much political backlash, so the Cabinet reclaimed direct control of the land use planning process and placed it under leadership of a new interministry Land Use Co-ordination Office (LUCO). LUCO not only continued the initial participatory planning process but over the next","title":"Commission on Resources and Environment"},{"id":"15827157","text":"of Planning Commission, raised six major issues for consideration at the NDC: 1. Determining the state level five year plans for the Twelfth Plan period early and set targets for growth and other social indicators. They need to be built into consistent national targets for the Twelfth Plan. Create an economic environment that would support the efforts of farmers and entrepreneurs. It will determine much of the outcome in terms of the flow of investment to the State, and the growth of both output and employment. 2. Mobilization and allocation of resources for the Plan. Since inclusive growth depends on","title":"National Development Council (India)"},{"id":"7478206","text":"control under Town and Country Planning legislation. The UK is distinguished from most countries in that the lawful occupier of any land or buildings will not only have title to their land (a freehold, leasehold, or licence from the actual land owner), but also requires planning title for any buildings on the land, or uses to which the land and buildings are put. Planning title (usually referred to as \"planning permission\") was granted for all pre-existing buildings and uses in 1948. Since that date planning permission has been required for all new development. A grant of planning permission relates to","title":"Development control in the United Kingdom"},{"id":"16537570","text":"streamlining of the revised NPPF, indicating that it teats land as a commodity, rather than as a finite resource. CPRE said \"Planning is pointless if the outcomes it delivers would be little different from what would happen without a planning system.\" National Planning Policy Framework The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was originally published by the UK's Department of Communities and Local Government in March 2012, consolidating over two dozen previously issued documents called Planning Policy Statements (PPS) and Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPG) for use in England. A revised NPPF was published by the UK Government's Ministry of Housing,","title":"National Planning Policy Framework"},{"id":"5473020","text":"Five-Year Plans of India From 1947 to 2017, the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951-2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015-2017). With the prime minister as the ex-officio chairman, the commission has a nominated deputy chairman, who holds the rank of a cabinet Minister. Montek Singh Ahluwalia is the last deputy chairman of the commission (resigned on 26 May 2014). The Twelfth Plan completed its term in March 2017. Prior to the Fourth Plan, the allocation of state resources was based on","title":"Five-Year Plans of India"},{"id":"20697450","text":"the Bangalore metropolitan region. The BMPC was formed according to the requirements of The Constitution (74th) Amendment Act, 1992. This Act mandated the formation of a planning authority for each metropolitan area and tasked it with the responsibility of preparing a draft development plan. Due to the reluctance of the successive Governments of Karnataka to shift planning responsibilities from the Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) to a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC), this amendment was not implemented for more than 20 years. When the Siddaramaiah government moved to set up a new Bangalore task force in March 2014 called the Vision Group,","title":"Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Committee"},{"id":"13855401","text":"projects. Its remit in Wales only covered proposed energy and harbour projects. The framework for decision-making of applications for development consent was set out in National Policy Statements (NPS). Following the designation of a NPS, the 2008 Act provided jurisdiction for the IPC to decide applications in that field. While an NPS is in draft form, the IPC acted as Examining authority and provided a report of recommendation to the relevant Secretary of State who was to take the decision. The chair was Sir Michael Pitt and the chief executive John Saunders. Infrastructure Planning Commission The Infrastructure Planning Commission (IPC)","title":"Infrastructure Planning Commission"},{"id":"5530921","text":"Urban planning in Singapore Urban planning in Singapore has formulated and guided its physical development from the day :Singapore was founded in 1819 as a British colony to the developed, independent country it is today. Urban planning is especially important due to land constraints and its high density. The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is Singapore's national land-use planning authority. URA prepares long term strategic plans, as well as detailed local area plans, for physical development, and then co-ordinates and guides efforts to bring these plans to reality. Prudent land use planning has enabled Singapore to enjoy strong economic growth and","title":"Urban planning in Singapore"},{"id":"5530635","text":"Planning Areas of Singapore Planning Areas, also known as DGP areas or DGP zones, are the main urban planning and census divisions of Singapore delineated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. There are a total of 55 of these areas, organised into five regions. A Development Guide Plan is then drawn up for each planning area, providing for detailed planning guidelines for every individual plot of land throughout the country. The planning areas were first introduced in the early 1990s after the release of the 1991 Concept Plan. Since the implementation of these boundaries, other governmental ministries and departments have also","title":"Planning Areas of Singapore"},{"id":"7535171","text":"as the new statutory Master Plan, known as Master Plan 1998. The Master Plan provides a clear guide to landowners on what their land can be used for, and is reviewed every five years. The term \"Development Guide Plan (DGP)\" is no longer in use after 1998. Development guide plan A development guide plan (Abbreviation: DGP; ) is a detailed urban land use plan for each of the 55 planning areas in Singapore designated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), Singapore's national planning and conservation authority. In 1991, URA released the revised Concept Plan, which maps out the vision for","title":"Development guide plan"},{"id":"7485110","text":"by relevant policies and strategies, any subregional structure plan and by any detailed engineering of major infrastructure affecting that district. Local structure plans repeat this process to the level of local roads, land subdivision, sites for community facilities, parks, utilities, etc. in order to inform the final phase of road and infrastructure construction and the zoning of the land. Structure plans were first introduced by the 1968 Town and Country Planning Act, as strategic level development plans, prepared either by a county council or by local authorities working jointly together. They consisted of a broad framework of policies looking forward","title":"Structure plan"},{"id":"16537565","text":"National Planning Policy Framework The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was originally published by the UK's Department of Communities and Local Government in March 2012, consolidating over two dozen previously issued documents called Planning Policy Statements (PPS) and Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPG) for use in England. A revised NPPF was published by the UK Government's Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government on 24 July 2018. This is the first revision of the National Planning Policy Framework since 2012. It implements around 85 reforms announced previously through the Housing White Paper, the planning for the right homes in the","title":"National Planning Policy Framework"},{"id":"14266381","text":"revenue between the central and the state governments. It was held responsible for examining their liabilities, the resources of the states, their budgeted promises and the effort undertaken to fulfil their commitment. Each five year, the finance commission puts in its recommendations on the proportion of the total collections to be allocated to each of the states. The Planning Commission which was formed soon after the framing of the constitution of India looked into the problems of financing development, which had added to the old problem of financial relations. It came into being because the issue of formulating development plans","title":"Gadgil formula"},{"id":"7413657","text":"Town and Country Planning Act 1990 The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (c 8) is an act of the United Kingdom Parliament regulating the development of land in England and Wales. It is a central part of English land law in that it concerns town and country planning in the United Kingdom. Repealed in parts by the Planning and Compensation Act 1991, it is now also complemented by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. In the United Kingdom, the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 contains 15 parts with 337 sections, plus 17 Schedules, and serves as an","title":"Town and Country Planning Act 1990"},{"id":"12887127","text":"and Technology, Energy, Infrastructure, and Food and Agriculture. , the Chairman is Prime Minister of Pakistan and the current Deputy Chairman is Sartaj Aziz who is also the Federal Minister for Planning, Development and Reforms. In spite of the grave economic and financial problems which beset the Government of Pakistan soon after her independence, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan established an independent institution, a Development Board (DB), in the Ministry of Economics Affairs (MoEA) in 1948. The institute was visioned to deal with questions of rapid economic and financial development of the country. In 1950, Prime Minister Ali Khan drafted","title":"Planning Commission (Pakistan)"},{"id":"7186803","text":"in 1967 drastically increased the pressure brought by developers for second home developments. The agency's first task was to create a master plan, followed by a zoning map and land use plan. This zoning map breaks the park up into different sections, and the land use that will be allowed on that particular piece of land is determined by the classification that it is given. The classifications are broken up into two sections, private land classification, and state land classification. Private land classifications are the most controversial because they determine what people can do on their own land. The different","title":"Adirondack Park Agency"},{"id":"1640348","text":"to quit refused to leave since there was no other land for them. Two years later the same difficulty arose in the densely populated Cholo District, two-thirds of whose land constituted private estates. In 1946 the Nyasaland government appointed a commission, the Abrahams Commission (also known the Land Commission) to inquire into land issues following the riots and disturbances by tenants on European-owned estates in 1943 and 1945. It had only one member, Sir Sidney Abrahams, who proposed that the Nyasaland government should purchase all unused or under-used freehold land on European-owned estates which would become Crown land, available to","title":"Nyasaland"},{"id":"17144175","text":"Shire Highlands. The committee did not go as far as Abrahams proposed, and its guiding principle was that land should be put to the best use possible, whether as working estates or African farmland. It recommended that government should only re-acquire land which was either undeveloped or occupied by large numbers of African residents or tenants. On the other hand, land capable of future “European development” (the phrase used by the Land Planning Committee) should be “protected against indiscriminate settlement and unorganised cultivation” (in Abraham’s words). The main problem was that those areas where the Native Trust Land was most","title":"Abrahams Commission"},{"id":"16147545","text":"He also indicated that soon he would share his views with other members of the Commission to choose a final number (economic growth target) to put before the country's NDC for its approval. Though the 12th Plan has taken off, it is yet to be formally approved. The Planning Commission set a deadline of September for taking the approval of the NDC. The council is expected to meet after July, subject to the convenience of the Prime Minister. It is mainly focused on health. The status of the 12th Plan is in question due to the dissolution of the Planning","title":"12th Five-Year Plan (India)"},{"id":"13855399","text":"Infrastructure Planning Commission The Infrastructure Planning Commission (IPC) was a non-departmental public body responsible for the examining and in certain circumstances the decision making body for proposed nationally significant infrastructure projects in England and Wales. Created in 2008, t's function has performed by the Infrastructure Planning Unit within the Planning Inspectorate since 1 April 2012. The IPC was established by the Planning Act 2008 and began operating on 1 October 2009 and provided advice and guidance about the application process until its powers to receive, accept and examine applications for development consent came into force on 1 March 2010. It","title":"Infrastructure Planning Commission"},{"id":"2999302","text":"efficient and ethical way, thus preventing land-use conflicts. Governments use land-use planning to manage the development of land within their jurisdictions. In doing so, the governmental unit can plan for the needs of the community while safeguarding natural resources. To this end, it is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land use, and economic and social conditions in order to select and adopt the best land-use options. Often one element of a comprehensive plan, a land-use plan provides a vision for the future possibilities of development in neighborhoods, districts, cities, or any defined planning area. In","title":"Land-use planning"},{"id":"71126","text":"20,000 women were engaged in this service. Development rights were nationalised while the government attempted to take all development profits for the State. Strong planning authorities were set up to control land use, and issued manuals of guidance which stressed the importance of safeguarding agricultural land. A chain of regional offices was set up within its planning ministry to provide a strong lead in regional development policies. Comprehensive Development Areas (CDAs), a designation under the Town and Country Planning Act of 1947, allowed local authorities to acquire property in the designated areas using powers of compulsory purchase in order to","title":"Clement Attlee"},{"id":"7477403","text":"Town and Country Planning Act 1947 The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. VI c. 51) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed by the Labour government led by Clement Attlee. It came into effect on 1 July 1948, and along with the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947 was the foundation of modern town and country planning in the United Kingdom. Today the main statutes are the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, supported by the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) introduced in","title":"Town and Country Planning Act 1947"},{"id":"13469484","text":"Vice President (currently, Prof. Yemi Osinbajo). The National Planning Commission was originally established by Decree No 12 of 1992 and later amended by Act 71 of 1993. The Commission has the mandate to determine and advise the Government of the Federation on matters relating to National Development and overall management of the national economy. The detailed objectives, functions, powers and structure of the Commission are outlined under sections 2, 3 and 5 of the Establishment Act. The Transformation Agenda is a medium term development strategy to speed up the actualization of the NV 20:2020. It is a framework for the","title":"Federal Ministry of Budget and National Planning (Nigeria)"},{"id":"8465907","text":"of the Planning Commission of India, the economic planning body of India; his Vision 2020 document was published as \"India's Development Scenario, Next Decade and Beyond\". Krishna Chandra Pant (K.C. Pant), informally known as \"\"Raja\"\" was born to the freedom fighter Govind Ballabh Pant and Smt. Kalawati Pant on 10 August 1931 in Bhowali - Kumaon region of the Himalayas, United Provinces (now Uttarakhand). His early years were spent in Nainital and his schooling was in St. Joseph's College, Nainital. He moved to Lucknow, post-independence when his father was appointed as the Chief Minister of the State of Uttar Pradesh.","title":"K. C. Pant"},{"id":"2999301","text":"Land-use planning Land-use planning is the process of ordering and regulating the utilization of land that promotes the efficient and ethical use of land, hence promoting best practices in land use such as environmental conservation, space economization, and prevention of land-use conflicts. Fundamentally, land-use planning is an indispensable tool for land control and pollution prevention. By and large, the uses of land determine the diverse socioeconomic activities that occur in a specific area, the patterns of human behavior they produce, and their impact on the environment. In urban planning, land-use planning seeks to order and regulate land use in an","title":"Land-use planning"},{"id":"7471456","text":"Planning Inspectorate The Planning Inspectorate for England and Wales (sometimes referred to as PINS) () is an executive agency of the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government of the United Kingdom Government with responsibility to make decisions and provide recommendations and advice on a range of land use planning-related issues across England and Wales. The Planning Inspectorate deals with planning appeals, nationally significant infrastructure projects, planning applications, examinations of local plans and other planning-related and specialist casework. The Planning Inspectorate traces its roots back to the Housing, Town Planning Act 1909 and the birth of the planning system in","title":"Planning Inspectorate"},{"id":"4896113","text":"formed NITI Aayog. The composition of the Commission underwent considerable changes since its initiation. With the Prime Minister as the \"ex officio\" Chairman, the committee had a nominated Deputy Chairman, with the rank of a full Cabinet Minister. Cabinet Ministers with certain important portfolios acted as \"ex officio\" members of the Commission, while the full-time members were experts in various fields like economics, industry, science and general administration. \"Ex officio\" members of the Commission included the Finance Minister, Agriculture Minister, Home Minister, Health Minister, Chemicals and Fertilisers Minister, Information Technology Minister, Law Minister, Human Resource Development Minister and Minister of","title":"Planning Commission (India)"},{"id":"5530637","text":"in the Malay language. Planning Areas of Singapore Planning Areas, also known as DGP areas or DGP zones, are the main urban planning and census divisions of Singapore delineated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. There are a total of 55 of these areas, organised into five regions. A Development Guide Plan is then drawn up for each planning area, providing for detailed planning guidelines for every individual plot of land throughout the country. The planning areas were first introduced in the early 1990s after the release of the 1991 Concept Plan. Since the implementation of these boundaries, other governmental ministries","title":"Planning Areas of Singapore"},{"id":"17685404","text":"serves as an intellectual hub for the exchange of new development ideas and proposals from scholars, private sector, civil society, and development partners. The Planning Commission was first created in Nepal in 1956. It was soon renamed in accordance with the Yojana Mandal Act of 1957. Following the introduction of the partyless Panchayat system in 1961, the National Planning Council was formed under the then king. In 1963, the Council was dissolved and a new planning body, with an identical name, was constituted under the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. All the Ministers became ex-officio members of the Council;","title":"National Planning Commission of Nepal"},{"id":"11304966","text":"campaigners who banked them in the name of a National League committee of trustees and were to be used to assist evicted tenants who had risked eviction in the hope of rapid fair-rent reinstatement. A Land Commission had been established under the Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 to review and reduce rents where they were clearly unpayable, securing an average reduction of 25%. The Campaign sought to further reduce the amounts by concerted action, and ideally by negotiation. The measures were to be put into operation on 203 estates, mainly in the south and west of the country though including","title":"Plan of Campaign"},{"id":"4919523","text":"a \"development charge\" to capture the planning gain which arises when permission to develop land is granted. This was abolished by the 1954 Town and Country Planning Act passed under subsequent Conservative government. Green belts were added in 1955 via a government circular. Furthermore, the 1947 Act introduced a requirement, which still exists, on local authorities to develop forward looking policy documents such as Local Plans or Unitary Development Plans to outline what kind of development is permitted where, and to mark special areas on Local Plan Maps (today referred to as policies map). It did not introduce a formal","title":"Town and country planning in the United Kingdom"},{"id":"16454489","text":"above on January 2014. A notable case regarding the denotification of land is when the Karnataka High Court granted conditional bail to the former Chief Minister, B.S. Yeddyurappa. The bail was over denotificated land in Geddalahalli, Devarachikkanahalli and Arakere. Denotification of land Denotification of land is the cancellation of a notification of intent to acquire land. Notification and denotification is generally issued by governments, particularly in India. It is when a court has cancelled the acquisition of land to builders by an Indian state government. A perfect case of denotification of land is, the land notified for Chennai Airport expansion","title":"Denotification of land"},{"id":"11701245","text":"a quest to visit every country in the world. He was buried in Bude. Much of the development of government policy for land-use control in Britain may be traced back to Stamp's land utilisation survey and analysis of land-use changes. A second land utilisation survey was initiated by Alice Coleman (later professor of geography at Stamp's \"alma mater\" King's College London) in 1960, following Stamp's approach of the use of volunteers. Although around 3000 volunteers completed much of the field work, only a limited amount was published at 1:25,000 due to printing problems. In 1996 the Geographical Association organized a","title":"Dudley Stamp"},{"id":"12867113","text":"Planning Service The Planning Service is an Executive within the Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland), which regulates the development and the use of land in the public interest. The Town and Country Planning Service was established in 1973 when the responsibilities of the local planning authorities briefly passed to the Ministry of Development and then to the Department of Housing, Local Government and Planning before being assimilated into the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland. The Department's statutory planning functions are currently contained in the Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1991 and associated subordinate legislation. The Town and Country","title":"Planning Service"},{"id":"14020300","text":"tries to balance Qatar’s culture and traditions with modernisation and economic growth. The QNV initiative began in 2006 in response to the need for greater policy integration for effective development. It was based on the State’s permanent constitution, as well as a stakeholder engagement process between 2005-2007. The guiding principles for the QNV are based on human, social, economic and environmental development. In June 2008 His Highness The Emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, approved the Qatar National Vision 2030. The National Development Strategy (NDS) (Arabic:الإستراتيجية التنموية الوطنية) will provide a medium-term framework to move the state towards the realisation","title":"General Secretariat for Development Planning"},{"id":"2252625","text":"to the development proposed. The planning permission system has been criticised for being \"too slow, bureaucratic and expensive\", thus contributing to the housing crisis in the UK. As of January 2015, there were 150,000 homes waiting to progress from the \"outline\" planning stage to the \"detailed\" planning stage. Planning permission in the United Kingdom Planning permission in the United Kingdom refers to the planning permission required in the United Kingdom and Ireland in order to be allowed to build on land, or change the use of land or buildings. Within the UK the occupier of any land or building will","title":"Planning permission in the United Kingdom"},{"id":"672533","text":"Rather than dividing municipal maps into land use zones, English planning law places all development under the control of local and regional governments, effectively abolishing the ability to develop land by-right. However, existing development allows land use by-right as long as the use does not constitute a change in the type of land use. A property owner must apply to change land use type of any existing building, and such changes must be consistent with the local and regional land use plans. Development control or planning control is the element of the United Kingdom's system of town and country planning","title":"Zoning"},{"id":"14266386","text":"realised that the larger states were getting a bigger share in the pie. Therefore, in 1965 when the fourth plan was being thought of, the states demanded for a set of firm objective criteria for the distribution of central assistance. The planning commission left it on the states to decide on the criteria. But no agreement was reached in the National Development Council (NDC). Thus, the planning commission thought of an award system, where the finance commission had the discretion to award states in times of need after a proper scrutiny of their situation. In 1968, Planning Commission induced the","title":"Gadgil formula"},{"id":"14266397","text":"resulted in the next revision of the formula in 1990. The National Development Council (NDC) meeting held in October 11, 1990; discussed and approved a New Revised formula. The new revised formula is popularly known as Gadgil-Mukherjee formula after the name of then deputy chairman of Planning commission and the former President of India Dr.Pranab Mukherjee. The new revised formula as approved by NDC is given in the following table. Criteria for inter-state allocation of Plan Assistance Under the new revised formula, Population was given maximum weightage by considering it as most important factor for the allocation of central assistance,","title":"Gadgil formula"},{"id":"4692297","text":"respect to schools, commerce and other essential services, and separated from each other by green spaces. The government passed the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966 and brought it into effect in January 1967. Subsequently, the Mumbai metropolitan region was notified and a regional planning board was constituted in June 1967 under the chairmanship of ICS officer L.G. Rajwade. The draft regional plan of the board was finalised in January 1970. It proposed the development of a city across the harbour on the mainland to the east to attract jobs and population away from Mumbai The board recommended that","title":"City and Industrial Development Corporation"},{"id":"7471457","text":"the UK. John Burns (1858–1943), the first member of the working class to become a government Minister, was President of the Local Government Board and responsible for the 1909 Housing Act. He appointed Thomas Adams (1871–1940) as Town Planning Assistant – a precursor to the current role of Chief Planning Inspector. Subsequent Acts have included the Housing and Town Planning Act 1919, the Town Planning Act of 1925, the Town and Country Planning Acts of 1932, of 1947 and of 1990. Between 1977 and 2001 the inspectorate was based in Tollgate House, Bristol before moving to its current headquarters at","title":"Planning Inspectorate"},{"id":"16265126","text":"as secretary of the Planning Commission of India that formulated India's Second Five Year Plan. Upon retirement as Cabinet Secretary, he was appointed Governor of Orissa, a post he held from 31 July 1957 till 15 September 1962. Y. N. Sukthankar Sukthankar was a member of the Indian Civil Service. He joined the service in 1921 - the first batch of native ICS officers. He was a part of the Finance and Commerce Pool, comprising specialist civil servants, that was constituted at the level of the Government of India during the Second World War. Sukthankar was a specialist in international","title":"Y. N. Sukthankar"},{"id":"13818247","text":"of uncontrolled growth, premature rural subdivision, loss of productive soils, strip growth, loss of forest land, loss of Bay fisheries, loss of public Bay access, the need to plan for infrastructure and other capital improvements and the need to acquire forest land and set goals for agricultural land preservation have been troubling state planning officials since the late 1930s! This according to the report of the State Planning Commission, entitled \"Five Years of State Planning\", published in 1938. The Department of Planning started out as the State Planning Commission in 1933, the first of its kind in the U.S. The","title":"Maryland Department of Planning"},{"id":"2086296","text":"The \"official\" scheme traces its origins to that launched in 1866 in London, on the initiative of the politician William Ewart, to mark the homes and workplaces of famous people. It has been administered successively by the Society of Arts (1866–1901), the London County Council (1901–1965), the Greater London Council (1965–1986) and English Heritage (1986 to date). It remains focused on London (now defined as Greater London), although between 1998 and 2005, under a trial programme since discontinued, 34 plaques were erected elsewhere in England. The first such scheme in the world, it has directly or indirectly provided the inspiration","title":"Blue plaque"},{"id":"13368194","text":"MDDS is the official document describing the standards for common metadata as part of India's National e-Governance Plan. The 11th report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission, titled \"Promoting e-Governance - The Smart Way Forward\", established the government's position that an expansion in e-Government was necessary in India. The ARC report was submitted to the Government of India on 20 December 2008. The report cited several prior initiatives as sources of inspiration, including references to the Singapore ONE programme. To pursue this goal, the National e-Governance Plan was formulated by the Department of Information Technology (DIT) and Department of Administrative","title":"National e-Governance Plan"},{"id":"11793774","text":"Canada and Japan. She retired in 1996 and is now emerita professor. In the 1960s Coleman took on the role of director of the Second Land Use Survey of Britain. This was the first comprehensive attempt to map the use of land since Dudley Stamp's survey of the 1930s. Around 120 sheets each covering 200 km were published. Coleman's findings on the Land Use Survey led to an attack on the effectiveness of the planning system within the UK, which she considered responsible for much degraded land in the rural/urban fringe (Coleman 1976). As head of the Land Use Research","title":"Alice Coleman"},{"id":"4919522","text":"even during the war, a series of Royal commissions looked into specific problems in urban planning and development control. These included: Also, Patrick Abercrombie developed the Greater London Plan for the reconstruction of London, which envisaged moving 1.5 million people from London to new and expanded towns. These intellectual efforts resulted in the New Towns Act 1946 and the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. The 1947 Act, in effect, nationalised the right to develop land. It required all proposals, with a few exceptions, to secure planning permission from the local authority, with provision to appeal against refusal. It introduced","title":"Town and country planning in the United Kingdom"},{"id":"7477461","text":"of additional documents that will eventually supersede those mentioned above. These include: Development plan A \"\"development plan\"\" is an aspect of town and country planning in the United Kingdom comprising a set of documents that set out the local authority's policies and proposals for the development and use of land in their area. The development plan guides and shapes day-to-day decisions as to whether or not planning permission should be granted, under the system known as \"development control\" or \"development management\" in Scotland. In order to ensure that these decisions are rational and consistent, they must be considered against the","title":"Development plan"},{"id":"7477406","text":"limited enlargements to houses, were exempt. These charges were theoretically assessed by the Central Land Board, but it was intended that local district valuers would work with developers to agree a fair value; it was reported in 1949 that \"where [a charge] is payable, the amount has been agreed by the developer in over 95 per cent of the cases\". Where the landowner refused to sell land at the \"undeveloped\" price, the Central Land Board had authority to purchase it compulsorily and resell it to the developer. In order to assist local authorities to carry out major redevelopment, the Act","title":"Town and Country Planning Act 1947"},{"id":"5768392","text":"between Congress and Muslim representatives proved to be a major factor in preventing agreement as too much of the important detail of how federation would work in practice. The new Conservative-dominated National Government in London decided to go ahead with drafting its own proposals (white paper, March 1933). A joint parliamentary select committee, chaired by Lord Linlithgow, reviewed the white paper proposals for a year and a half between April 1933 and November 1934, amidst much opposition from Winston Churchill and other backbench Conservatives. The House of Commons approved the Joint Select Committee report in December after an emollient speech","title":"Government of India Act 1935"},{"id":"5142801","text":"Political and Economic Planning Political and Economic Planning (PEP) was a British policy think tank, formed in 1931 in response to Max Nicholson's article \"A National Plan for Britain\" published in February of that year in Gerald Barry's magazine \"The Week-End Review\". The original members included Nicholson and Barry, the zoologist Julian Huxley, the agronomist Leonard Elmhirst, the financier Basil Phillott Blackett, the civil servants Dennis Routh and Sir Henry Bunbury, the research chemist Michael Zvegintzov, and Israel Sieff, a director of Marks & Spencer. Sieff was Chairman in the 1930s, followed by Elmhirst in 1939 and by Nicholson in","title":"Political and Economic Planning"},{"id":"4090842","text":"Urban Redevelopment Authority The Urban Redevelopment Authority (Abbreviation: URA; Chinese: 市区重建局; Malay: \"Lembaga Pembangunan Semula Bandar\") is the national urban planning authority of Singapore, and a statutory board under the Ministry of National Development of the Singapore Government. The authority was established on 1 April 1974, and is of especially critical importance to the city-state, because Singapore is an extremely dense country where land usage is required to be efficient and maximised to reduce land wastage in the face of land shortage. URA's main responsibility is land-use planning. URA planners devise both long-term strategic land use plans and medium-term plans","title":"Urban Redevelopment Authority"},{"id":"672532","text":"in the Constitution Act, 1982. The zoning power relates to \"real property\", or land and the improvements constructed thereon that become part of the land itself (in Québec, \"immeubles\"). The provinces empowered the municipalities and regions to control the use of land within their boundaries. There are provisions for control of land use in unorganized areas of the provinces. Provincial tribunals are the ultimate authority for appeals and reviews. The United Kingdom does not use zoning as a technique for controlling land use. British land use control began its modern phase after the Town and Country Planning Act of 1947.","title":"Zoning"},{"id":"2999327","text":"restricting land development in riparian areas. In fact, the drive for the establishment of this city on the land where its stand was easily accessibility to water. Due to the increasing discussions in the issues of climate change and global warming, the future of land use planning will be dominated by environmental sustainability themes more than economic convenience. Chigbu et al. (2017). Combining land-use planning and tenure security: a tenure responsive land-use planning approach for developing countries. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 60(9):1622-1639. Land-use planning Land-use planning is the process of ordering and regulating the utilization of land that","title":"Land-use planning"},{"id":"7413676","text":"and Local Government is enabled to make regulations, such as \"The Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) Regulations 2007\", or again \"The Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2012\", which in turn led to the government publication, \"Plain English guide to flying flags\". Town and Country Planning Act 1990 The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (c 8) is an act of the United Kingdom Parliament regulating the development of land in England and Wales. It is a central part of English land law in that it concerns town and country planning in the","title":"Town and Country Planning Act 1990"},{"id":"3385194","text":"sculpture emerging from the River Thames. In July 2002, the then-Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, ordered a planning inquiry after the development plans for the Shard were opposed by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment and several heritage bodies, including the Royal Parks Foundation and English Heritage. The inquiry took place in April and May 2003, and on 19 November 2003, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister announced that planning consent had been approved. The government stated that: Sellar and his original partners CLS Holdings plc and CN Ltd (acting for the Halabi Family Trust) secured an","title":"The Shard"},{"id":"7046824","text":"conference the United States Congress passed National Environmental Policy Act, which created a process whereby government agencies were required to publicly state and justify the environmental impacts of their development proposals by preparing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The EIS structure was further developed by Burchell and Listokin (1975), and this approach has informed the development of environmental impact regulation worldwide (Beer 1977), and resulted in the development of legislation within several Australian states.\" In NSW the first attempt to incorporate environmental assessment and protection into planning law began in 1974 with the appointment of a Planning and Environment Commission","title":"Environmental planning"},{"id":"4473662","text":"it was quick to set up an Inquiry, and subsequently draft legislation, to this end. The Labor Government called a halt to development leases granted by the Northern Territory Land Board that might damage Indigenous rights, suspended mining exploration licences, and gave a small grant of land at Daguragu/Wattie Creek, as an initial step towards the final land handback. The Whitlam government established the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Land Rights in the Northern Territory, headed by Justice Woodward. The Inquiry's task was to examine the legal establishment of land rights. The Commission recommended government financial support for the creation of","title":"Wave Hill walk-off"},{"id":"931844","text":"Only St. Martin's Church would have been spared. An outline map was made public on 30 November 1910 with few objections recorded. A Local Board inquiry followed on 17 February 1911 which required negotiations with landowners to allow for a full planning scheme to be compiled. This was presented in February 1913 with an adaptation of the original Soutars plan, receiving approval from the Local Government Board in September 1914. Three roads with residential housing, Manor Way, Windmill Way and Park Way were completed before the outbreak of the First World War when all construction work was halted. It did","title":"Ruislip"},{"id":"4896114","text":"State for Planning. The Commission worked through its various divisions, of which there were two kinds: The majority of the experts in the Commission were economists, making the Commission the biggest employer of the Indian Economic Service. The Indian Planning Commission's functions as outlined by the Government's 1950 resolution are following: In March 2013, Planning Commission launched a massive social media campaign for spreading Awareness about 12th Five Year Plan. It was followed by series of Google+ Hangouts and a Plan Hackathon. By September 2013, it had made a considerable presence on Social Media with over One lakh Twitter followers","title":"Planning Commission (India)"},{"id":"10918559","text":"was adopted on October 10, 2018. The launch of the plan's development was featured by WTTW television in the February 23, 2016 edition of Chicago Tonight. During April-August 2017, CMAP engaged residents and stakeholder groups who were invited to comment on five \"Alternative Futures.\" The public can also provide feedback about ON TO 2050 topics being studied for Strategy Papers and Snapshot Reports currently in development. Since 2010, the agency's activities have focused primarily on support for the implementation of GO TO 2040. CMAP has garnered awards from the American Planning Association, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Transportation Research Board, and","title":"Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning"},{"id":"11953727","text":"the mineral sector and suggest measures for improving the investment climate the Mid-Term Appraisal had proposed the establishment of a High Level Committee. Accordingly, the Government of India, Planning Commission, constituted a Committee on 14 September 2005. under the Chairmanship of Shri Anwarul Hoda, member, Planning Commission. The Committee made detailed recommendations on all of its terms of Reference in December 2006. Based on the recommendations of the High Level Committee, in consultation with State Governments, the Government replaced the National Mineral Policy, 1993 with a new National Mineral Policy on 13 March 2008. The National Mineral Policy 2008 provides","title":"Ministry of Mines (India)"},{"id":"16360997","text":"on large-scale topographic maps, where available, similar to the metes and bounds method. However, most of British India was covered, during the nineteenth century, by the Revenue Survey. In the colony (now state) of South Australia, Robert Torrens in 1858 introduced a title system. Like the Milan cadastre, this system became a model to be followed, initially within the Commonwealth. In the USA, the Land Ordinance of 1785 established the basis for the Public Land Survey System, which provides locational functions as the cadastral or - in modern terms - land information system described above. For the present adoption of","title":"Land administration"},{"id":"11858648","text":"Bombay Plan The Bombay Plan is the name commonly given to a World War II-era set of proposals for the development of the post-independence economy of India. The plan, published in 1944/1945 by eight leading Indian industrialists, proposed state intervention in the economic development of the nation after independence from the United Kingdom (which took place in 1947). Titled \"A Brief Memorandum Outlining a Plan of Economic Development for India\", the signatories of the Plan were Jamshedji Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Ardeshir Dalal, Sri Ram, Kasturbhai Lalbhai, Ardeshir Darabshaw Shroff, Sir Purshottamdas Thakurdas and John Mathai. The Plan","title":"Bombay Plan"},{"id":"5530951","text":"if it is too close. Public amenities have to be strategically placed to benefit the largest number of people possible with minimum redundancy and wastage. A major feature of urban planning in Singapore is to avoid such situations of land wastage. Urban planning in Singapore Urban planning in Singapore has formulated and guided its physical development from the day :Singapore was founded in 1819 as a British colony to the developed, independent country it is today. Urban planning is especially important due to land constraints and its high density. The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is Singapore's national land-use planning authority.","title":"Urban planning in Singapore"},{"id":"4919520","text":"Town and country planning in the United Kingdom Town and country planning in the United Kingdom is the part of English land law which concerns land use planning. Its goal is to ensure sustainable economic development and a better environment. Each country of the United Kingdom has its own planning system that is responsible for town and country planning devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly. The roots of the UK town and country planning system as it emerged in the immediate post-war years lay in concerns developed over the previous half century in","title":"Town and country planning in the United Kingdom"},{"id":"16454487","text":"Denotification of land Denotification of land is the cancellation of a notification of intent to acquire land. Notification and denotification is generally issued by governments, particularly in India. It is when a court has cancelled the acquisition of land to builders by an Indian state government. A perfect case of denotification of land is, the land notified for Chennai Airport expansion in Tamil Nadu. In May 2007 1066.99 acres of land was notified from five villages namely Manapakkam, Kolapakkam, Gerugambakkam, Tharapakkam and Kovur (land identified for displacement) for construction of a parallel runway. The local residents formed a forum called","title":"Denotification of land"},{"id":"19536637","text":"Operation Hope Not Operation Hope Not was the code-name of a funeral plan for Winston Churchill that started in 1953, twelve years before his death in 1965. The detailed plan was prepared in 1958. As Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Churchill led the country to victory in the Second World War (1939–1945). He suffered a stroke in 1953. The British government started meticulous preparation, as publicly decreed by Queen Elizabeth II of a commemoration \"on a scale befitting his position in history\". The official project was undertaken by the Earl Marshal, Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, the Duke of Norfolk, to be","title":"Operation Hope Not"},{"id":"9710654","text":"since 1963. Hepburn and Stephenson were commissioned by the Government of Western Australia to develop the plan in 1953. The completed report recommended that a regional planning authority be established for the purpose of implementing a regional planning scheme—a recommendation that was passed into law with the MRTPS Act of 1959. The Act centralised sub-division control, keeping it in the hands of the state government, but delegated many local planning responsibilities to local governments. The overall structure was updated and extended in the Corridor Plan of 1970 and the Metroplan of 1990. In 2006 the Planning and Development Act 2006","title":"Metropolitan Region Scheme"},{"id":"2566549","text":"it had over the appointment of judges, and reducing that of the judiciary. On 31 December 2014, Modi announced that the Planning Commission had been scrapped. It was replaced with a body called the National Institution for Transforming India, or NITI Aayog. The Planning Commission was a legacy of the Indian Independence movement, although critics said that it was slowing economic growth. The move had the effect of greatly centralising the power previously with the planning commission in the person of the prime minister. It also reduced the extent of control individual states had over their financial allocation from the","title":"Narendra Modi"},{"id":"2134370","text":"by United States Forest Service property. The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015. Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway. Most construction was carried out by private contractors under federal contracts under an authorization by Harold L. Ickes in his role as federal public works administrator. Work began on September 11, 1935, near Cumberland Knob in North Carolina; construction in Virginia began the following February. On June 30, 1936, Congress formally authorized the project as the Blue Ridge Parkway and placed","title":"Blue Ridge Parkway"},{"id":"7622742","text":"National Economic Development Council The National Economic Development Council (NEDC) was an economic planning forum set up in 1962 in the United Kingdom to bring together management, trades unions and government in an attempt to address Britain's relative economic decline. It was supported by the National Economic Development Office (NEDO). Both were known as \"Neddy\". Economic Development Committees (EDCs, known as “Little Neddies”) were set up for particular industries. Similar bodies had been evolving for a generation. An Economic Advisory Council had been set up in 1930, chaired by the Prime Minister and including leading economists John Maynard Keynes and","title":"National Economic Development Council"},{"id":"16954356","text":"decentralized and area based planning process. The idea is to have local integrated development plans in 47 districts. By 1979, when Zimbabwe gained independence, 46.5% of the country's arable land was owned by around 6,000 commercial farmers, and white farmers, who made up less than 1% of the population, owned 70% of the best farming land. As part of the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, president Robert Mugabe initiated a \"willing buyer, willing seller\" plan, in which white land-owners were encouraged to sell their lands to the government, with partial funding from Britain. Around 71,000 families (perhaps 500,000 people) settled","title":"Land reforms by country"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"4896108\",\n \"text\": \"Planning Commission (India) The Planning Commission (Hindi: योजना आयोग, \\\"Yojana Āyog\\\") was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions. In his first Independence Day speech in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced his intention to dissolve the Planning Commission. It has since been replaced by a new institution named NITI Aayog. Rudimentary economic planning, deriving from the sovereign authority of the state, was first initiated in India in 1938 by Congress President and Indian National Army supreme leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, who had been persuaded by Meghnad Saha to set up\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4896115\",\n \"text\": \"and a considerable size on Facebook, YouTube and SlideShare. Planning Commission (India) The Planning Commission (Hindi: योजना आयोग, \\\"Yojana Āyog\\\") was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions. In his first Independence Day speech in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced his intention to dissolve the Planning Commission. It has since been replaced by a new institution named NITI Aayog. Rudimentary economic planning, deriving from the sovereign authority of the state, was first initiated in India in 1938 by Congress President and Indian National Army supreme leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, who\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4896110\",\n \"text\": \"ideological divisions between Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru. Other scholars have argued that the Planning Commission, as a central agency in the context of plural democracy in India, needs to carry out more functions than rudimentary economic planning. After India achieved Independence, a formal model of planning was adopted, and accordingly the Planning Commission, reporting directly to the Prime Minister of India, was established on 15 March 1950, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the Chairman. Authority for creation of the Planning Commission was not derived from the Constitution of India or statute; it is an arm of the Central Government\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4896112\",\n \"text\": \"were treated as Annual Plans. The Eighth Plan was finally launched in 1992 after the initiation of structural adjustment policies. For the first eight Plans the emphasis was on a growing public sector with massive investments in basic and heavy industries, but since the launch of the Ninth Plan in 1997, the emphasis on the public sector has become less pronounced and the current thinking on planning in the country, in general, is that it should increasingly be of an indicative nature. In 2014, Narendra Modi government decided to wind down the Planning Commission. It was replaced by the newly\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4896109\",\n \"text\": \"a National Planning Committee. M. Visvesvaraya had been elected head of the Planning Committee. Meghnad Saha approached the great engineer and requested him to step down. He argued that planning needed a reciprocity between science and politics. M. Visvesvaraya generously agreed and Jawaharlal Nehru was made head of the National Planning Committee.The so-called \\\"British Raj\\\" also formally established Advisory Planning Board under K. C. Neogy that functioned from 1944 to 1946. Industrialists and economists independently formulated at least three development plans in 2012. Some scholars have argued that the introduction of planning as an instrument was intended to transcend the\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4896111\",\n \"text\": \"of India. The first Five-Year Plan was launched in 1951, focusing mainly on development of the agricultural sector. Two subsequent Five-Year Plans were formulated before 1965, when there was a break because of the Indo-Pakistan conflict. Two successive years of drought, devaluation of the currency, a general rise in prices and erosion of resources disrupted the planning process and after three Annual Plans between 1966 and 1969, the fourth Five-Year Plan was started in 1969. The Eighth Plan could not take off in 1990 due to the fast changing political situation at the Centre, and the years 1990–91 and 1991–92\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12660117\",\n \"text\": \"Planning Act 2008 The Planning Act 2008 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to speed up the process for approving major new infrastructure projects such as airports, roads, harbours, energy facilities such as nuclear power and waste facilities. Along with the Climate Change Bill and the Energy Bill this bill was considered by the Brown administration to be one of the \\\"three legislative pillars of the Government's strategy to secure long-term prosperity and quality of life for all\\\". Labour introduced the Bill that became the Planning Act, although some 60 Labour members signed a Commons\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Act 2008\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1640350\",\n \"text\": \"1947 the Nyasaland government set up a Land Planning Committee of civil servants to advise on implementing its proposals and deal with the acquisition of land for re-settlement. It recommended the re-acquisition only of land which was either undeveloped or occupied by large numbers of African residents or tenants. Land capable of future development as estates was to be protected against unorganised cultivation. From 1948, the programme of land acquisition intensified, assisted by an increased willingness of estate owners who saw no future in merely leasing land and marketing their tenants' crops. In 1948, it was estimated that 1.2 million\",\n \"title\": \"Nyasaland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17144174\",\n \"text\": \"deter future European investment and increase racial tensions. As a result of the Abrahams report, the Nyasaland government set up a Land Planning Committee of civil servants in 1947 to advise on implementing its proposals and deal with the acquisition of land for re-settlement. Its original official members co-opted six representatives of the estate owners and six missionaries, but no Africans, although it took evidence from several chiefs. The committee realised the difficulty of its task, and considered it would be expensive and take time to complete. However, it was pressed to achieve results and decided to concentrate on the\",\n \"title\": \"Abrahams Commission\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18314704\",\n \"text\": \"industrial development. Subsequently, the Planning Commission was constituted in March 1950 and the Industrial (Development and Regulation) Act was enacted in 1951 with the objective of empowering the government to take necessary steps to regulate industrial development. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru promoted an economic policy based on import substitution industrialisation and advocated a mixed economy. He believed that the establishment of basic and heavy industry was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy. India's second five year plan (1956–60) and the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasised the development of public sector enterprises to meet Nehru's national\",\n \"title\": \"Public sector undertakings in India\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5473021\",\n \"text\": \"schematic patterns rather than a transparent and objective mechanism, which led to the adoption of the Gadgil formula in 1969. Revised versions of the formula have been used since then to determine the allocation of central assistance for state plans. The new government led by Narendra Modi, elected in 2014, has announced the dissolution of the Planning Commission, and its replacement by a think tank called the NITI Aayog (an acronym for National Institution for Transforming India). Five-Year Plans (FYPs) are centralized and integrated national economic programs. Joseph Stalin implemented the first Five Year Plan in the Soviet Union in\",\n \"title\": \"Five-Year Plans of India\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14544044\",\n \"text\": \"describes how the quality of farm land is graded and what this grade means for landowners. Agricultural Land Classification The Agricultural Land Classification system forms part of the planning system in England and Wales. It classifies agricultural land in five categories according to versatility and suitability for growing crops. Agricultural Land Classification in Wales In November 2017, the Welsh Government launched the Predictive Agricultural Land Classification Map. This is the first update since the 1970s and replaces the Provisional Agricultual Land Classiciation Map for Wales. Importantly it distinguishes between ALC Sub-grades 3a and 3b. The Welsh Government is undertaking the\",\n \"title\": \"Agricultural Land Classification\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7477404\",\n \"text\": \"2012. The Act established that planning permission was required for land development; ownership alone no longer conferred the right to develop the land. To control this, the Act reorganised the planning system from the 1,400 existing planning authorities to 145 (formed from county and borough councils), and required them all to prepare a comprehensive development plan. These local authorities were given wide-ranging powers in addition to approval of planning proposals; they could carry out redevelopment of land themselves, or use compulsory purchase orders to buy land and lease it to private developers. They were also given powers to control outdoor\",\n \"title\": \"Town and Country Planning Act 1947\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15567366\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"PAB Accreditation Standards and Criteria\\\" found on the PAB website. The policies and procedures governing accreditation are available in PAB's \\\"Policies and Procedures Manual.\\\" PAB was founded in 1984, as it was deemed necessary to assess quality and encourage excellence in higher education. Prior to this formal accreditation process, there was a recognition program in place administered by the National Education Development Committee (NEDC) of the American Institute of Planners (AIP). PAB is recognized by the Council on Higher Education Accreditation and is a member of the Association of Professional and Specialized Accreditors. The national office of the Planning\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Accreditation Board\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7477408\",\n \"text\": \"related expenditure, such as the cost of acquiring land outside the main redevelopment areas. Later revisions of the Act were legislated in 1962, 1971 and 1990. Whilst the 1990 Act is the current legislation, this Act has been substantially amended and added to, especially in 1991, 2004, 2008 and 2011. Town and Country Planning Act 1947 The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. VI c. 51) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed by the Labour government led by Clement Attlee. It came into effect on 1 July 1948, and along with the\",\n \"title\": \"Town and Country Planning Act 1947\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7622743\",\n \"text\": \"Josiah Stamp. In 1941 a National Production Advisory Council was set up, chaired by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1947 there was an Economic Planning Board under Sir Edwin Plowden; it included industrialists and civil servants, and on Plowden’s retirement in 1953 the Treasury Permanent Secretary took over as chair. In 1957 the Council on Prices, Productivity and Incomes (“the Three Wise Men”) was set up. NEDC was outlined to the House of Commons in July 1961 by then Chancellor, Selwyn Lloyd, and first met in 1962. It was modelled on the French Economic and Social Council, and it\",\n \"title\": \"National Economic Development Council\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8449090\",\n \"text\": \"of President Ferdinand E. Marcos. In his 1970 State of the Nation Address, Marcos said the administrative machinery of government must be restructured and revitalized to meet the challenge of change and development. Marcos, thereafter, crafted a government reorganization plan which included a National Economic Development Authority and submitted it to Congress for their approval. In 1972, the National Economic Development Authority (without the conjunction “and”) was created as the government’s central planning body. The first major thrust of the government-wide reorganization effected through Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 1 issued on 24 September 1972, otherwise known as the Integrated Reorganization\",\n \"title\": \"National Economic and Development Authority\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12887128\",\n \"text\": \"a six-year development plan and embodied in the Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic Development in South and South East Asia. This was essentially an outline plan and delineated only a broad pattern of development. Finally, in 1953, Prime minister Khawaja Nazimuddin decided to give commission to an institution that was set up on 18 July 1953. Ultimately, Zahid Hussain, former Governor of State Bank of Pakistan was appointed its first deputy chairman and two other members. This is the list of the former deputy chairmen of the planning commission of Pakistan. The Vision 2025 is the country’s long–term development blueprint\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14544043\",\n \"text\": \"Agricultural Land Classification The Agricultural Land Classification system forms part of the planning system in England and Wales. It classifies agricultural land in five categories according to versatility and suitability for growing crops. Agricultural Land Classification in Wales In November 2017, the Welsh Government launched the Predictive Agricultural Land Classification Map. This is the first update since the 1970s and replaces the Provisional Agricultual Land Classiciation Map for Wales. Importantly it distinguishes between ALC Sub-grades 3a and 3b. The Welsh Government is undertaking the first update to the Predictive Agricultural Land Classification Map between 2018 and 2020. Frequently Asked Questions\",\n \"title\": \"Agricultural Land Classification\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2252614\",\n \"text\": \"Planning permission in the United Kingdom Planning permission in the United Kingdom refers to the planning permission required in the United Kingdom and Ireland in order to be allowed to build on land, or change the use of land or buildings. Within the UK the occupier of any land or building will need title to that land or building (i.e. \\\"ownership\\\"), but will also need \\\"planning title\\\" or planning permission. Planning title was granted for all pre-existing uses and buildings by the Town and Country Planning Act 1947, which came into effect on 1 July 1948. Since that date any\",\n \"title\": \"Planning permission in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13855400\",\n \"text\": \"was abolished by Coalition Government's Localism Act 2011 which transferred its decision making powers in all cases to the relevant Secretary of State. The Act gained royal assent on 15 November 2011 and from 1 April 2012, the acceptance and examination of applications for development consent is dealt with by a new Infrastructure Planning Unit within the Planning Inspectorate. The IPC examined accepted applications for development consent for proposed projects that meet certain thresholds, as set out in Part 3 of the 2008 Act. In England, its remit covered applications for proposed energy, transport, water, waste water and waste infrastructure\",\n \"title\": \"Infrastructure Planning Commission\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12660121\",\n \"text\": \"for the future”. The Infrastructure Planning Commission was formed on 1 October 2009 with a brief to oversee planning applications for major infrastructure projects (also known as nationally significant infrastructure projects (NSIPs)) such as power stations, roads, railways and airports claiming to cut the time to make a decision from seven years to less than a year and saving the taxpayer £300 million per year. Applications for large energy and transport projects had to be made to the IPC from 1 March 2010, but by December 2010 only two applications had in fact been made, one of which the IPC\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Act 2008\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12660123\",\n \"text\": \"with a Major Infrastructure Planning Unit of the Planning Inspectorate, and return decision-making to the Secretary of State. It will also allow the House of Commons to be able to veto National Policy Statements, and makes other changes to the Planning Act regime. Amends sections 14 and appends section 30A to the Planning Act 2008. It sets out rules for disposal of radioactive waste, and surveying the potential sites. Planning Act 2008 The Planning Act 2008 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to speed up the process for approving major new infrastructure projects such as\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Act 2008\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19881321\",\n \"text\": \"been the \\\"amicus curiae\\\" in the Sohrabuddin Sheikh case, which had implicated BJP leaders including Modi's aide Amit Shah. The government also passed a bill increasing the control that it had over the appointment of judges, and reducing that of the judiciary. On 31 December 2014, Modi announced that the Planning Commission had been scrapped. It was replaced with a body called the National Institution for Transforming India, or NITI Aayog. The Planning Commission was a legacy of the Indian Independence movement, although critics said that it was slowing economic growth. The new body includes the leaders of all 29\",\n \"title\": \"Premiership of Narendra Modi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12887130\",\n \"text\": \"The function of DERA Unit is to facilitate the implementation of the project in the drought-hit areas of all the four provinces and coordinate activities carried out in the provinces to mitigate the effects of drought. The National Fertilizer Development Centre (NFDC) was set up by the Government in 1977. After a brief period of aid from the United Nations Development Program it has been assisted by the Food and Agriculture Organization with Trust Funds from The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation up to 1981, and from the Netherlands up to 1997. The 'Centre for Rural Economy' would fill the\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6066957\",\n \"text\": \"it only had limited success. The aim of the Land Commission was to purchase land for public goods such as housing or shopping redevelopment (compulsorily, if the need arose), and investigated the planning needs of a particular area in conjunction with the Ministry of Housing and some planning authorities to see if any land in any particular area would be needed for such developmental schemes. Although the Land Commission purchased substantial quantities of land, it did not become the dominant influence in the land market that the government had hoped for. The Housing Subsidies Act 1967 fixed interest rates at\",\n \"title\": \"Labour government, 1964–1970\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13845510\",\n \"text\": \"for the objectives described in these plans to be legally binding. Lack of political will resulted in inaction, and land use objectives outside of protected areas were not made legal. The draft integrated land use plans for the four areas created too much controversy and the Provincial government was concerned about CORE as an independent body creating so much political backlash, so the Cabinet reclaimed direct control of the land use planning process and placed it under leadership of a new interministry Land Use Co-ordination Office (LUCO). LUCO not only continued the initial participatory planning process but over the next\",\n \"title\": \"Commission on Resources and Environment\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15827157\",\n \"text\": \"of Planning Commission, raised six major issues for consideration at the NDC: 1. Determining the state level five year plans for the Twelfth Plan period early and set targets for growth and other social indicators. They need to be built into consistent national targets for the Twelfth Plan. Create an economic environment that would support the efforts of farmers and entrepreneurs. It will determine much of the outcome in terms of the flow of investment to the State, and the growth of both output and employment. 2. Mobilization and allocation of resources for the Plan. Since inclusive growth depends on\",\n \"title\": \"National Development Council (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7478206\",\n \"text\": \"control under Town and Country Planning legislation. The UK is distinguished from most countries in that the lawful occupier of any land or buildings will not only have title to their land (a freehold, leasehold, or licence from the actual land owner), but also requires planning title for any buildings on the land, or uses to which the land and buildings are put. Planning title (usually referred to as \\\"planning permission\\\") was granted for all pre-existing buildings and uses in 1948. Since that date planning permission has been required for all new development. A grant of planning permission relates to\",\n \"title\": \"Development control in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16537570\",\n \"text\": \"streamlining of the revised NPPF, indicating that it teats land as a commodity, rather than as a finite resource. CPRE said \\\"Planning is pointless if the outcomes it delivers would be little different from what would happen without a planning system.\\\" National Planning Policy Framework The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was originally published by the UK's Department of Communities and Local Government in March 2012, consolidating over two dozen previously issued documents called Planning Policy Statements (PPS) and Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPG) for use in England. A revised NPPF was published by the UK Government's Ministry of Housing,\",\n \"title\": \"National Planning Policy Framework\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5473020\",\n \"text\": \"Five-Year Plans of India From 1947 to 2017, the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951-2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015-2017). With the prime minister as the ex-officio chairman, the commission has a nominated deputy chairman, who holds the rank of a cabinet Minister. Montek Singh Ahluwalia is the last deputy chairman of the commission (resigned on 26 May 2014). The Twelfth Plan completed its term in March 2017. Prior to the Fourth Plan, the allocation of state resources was based on\",\n \"title\": \"Five-Year Plans of India\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20697450\",\n \"text\": \"the Bangalore metropolitan region. The BMPC was formed according to the requirements of The Constitution (74th) Amendment Act, 1992. This Act mandated the formation of a planning authority for each metropolitan area and tasked it with the responsibility of preparing a draft development plan. Due to the reluctance of the successive Governments of Karnataka to shift planning responsibilities from the Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) to a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC), this amendment was not implemented for more than 20 years. When the Siddaramaiah government moved to set up a new Bangalore task force in March 2014 called the Vision Group,\",\n \"title\": \"Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Committee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13855401\",\n \"text\": \"projects. Its remit in Wales only covered proposed energy and harbour projects. The framework for decision-making of applications for development consent was set out in National Policy Statements (NPS). Following the designation of a NPS, the 2008 Act provided jurisdiction for the IPC to decide applications in that field. While an NPS is in draft form, the IPC acted as Examining authority and provided a report of recommendation to the relevant Secretary of State who was to take the decision. The chair was Sir Michael Pitt and the chief executive John Saunders. Infrastructure Planning Commission The Infrastructure Planning Commission (IPC)\",\n \"title\": \"Infrastructure Planning Commission\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5530921\",\n \"text\": \"Urban planning in Singapore Urban planning in Singapore has formulated and guided its physical development from the day :Singapore was founded in 1819 as a British colony to the developed, independent country it is today. Urban planning is especially important due to land constraints and its high density. The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is Singapore's national land-use planning authority. URA prepares long term strategic plans, as well as detailed local area plans, for physical development, and then co-ordinates and guides efforts to bring these plans to reality. Prudent land use planning has enabled Singapore to enjoy strong economic growth and\",\n \"title\": \"Urban planning in Singapore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5530635\",\n \"text\": \"Planning Areas of Singapore Planning Areas, also known as DGP areas or DGP zones, are the main urban planning and census divisions of Singapore delineated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. There are a total of 55 of these areas, organised into five regions. A Development Guide Plan is then drawn up for each planning area, providing for detailed planning guidelines for every individual plot of land throughout the country. The planning areas were first introduced in the early 1990s after the release of the 1991 Concept Plan. Since the implementation of these boundaries, other governmental ministries and departments have also\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Areas of Singapore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7535171\",\n \"text\": \"as the new statutory Master Plan, known as Master Plan 1998. The Master Plan provides a clear guide to landowners on what their land can be used for, and is reviewed every five years. The term \\\"Development Guide Plan (DGP)\\\" is no longer in use after 1998. Development guide plan A development guide plan (Abbreviation: DGP; ) is a detailed urban land use plan for each of the 55 planning areas in Singapore designated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), Singapore's national planning and conservation authority. In 1991, URA released the revised Concept Plan, which maps out the vision for\",\n \"title\": \"Development guide plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7485110\",\n \"text\": \"by relevant policies and strategies, any subregional structure plan and by any detailed engineering of major infrastructure affecting that district. Local structure plans repeat this process to the level of local roads, land subdivision, sites for community facilities, parks, utilities, etc. in order to inform the final phase of road and infrastructure construction and the zoning of the land. Structure plans were first introduced by the 1968 Town and Country Planning Act, as strategic level development plans, prepared either by a county council or by local authorities working jointly together. They consisted of a broad framework of policies looking forward\",\n \"title\": \"Structure plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16537565\",\n \"text\": \"National Planning Policy Framework The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was originally published by the UK's Department of Communities and Local Government in March 2012, consolidating over two dozen previously issued documents called Planning Policy Statements (PPS) and Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPG) for use in England. A revised NPPF was published by the UK Government's Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government on 24 July 2018. This is the first revision of the National Planning Policy Framework since 2012. It implements around 85 reforms announced previously through the Housing White Paper, the planning for the right homes in the\",\n \"title\": \"National Planning Policy Framework\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14266381\",\n \"text\": \"revenue between the central and the state governments. It was held responsible for examining their liabilities, the resources of the states, their budgeted promises and the effort undertaken to fulfil their commitment. Each five year, the finance commission puts in its recommendations on the proportion of the total collections to be allocated to each of the states. The Planning Commission which was formed soon after the framing of the constitution of India looked into the problems of financing development, which had added to the old problem of financial relations. It came into being because the issue of formulating development plans\",\n \"title\": \"Gadgil formula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7413657\",\n \"text\": \"Town and Country Planning Act 1990 The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (c 8) is an act of the United Kingdom Parliament regulating the development of land in England and Wales. It is a central part of English land law in that it concerns town and country planning in the United Kingdom. Repealed in parts by the Planning and Compensation Act 1991, it is now also complemented by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. In the United Kingdom, the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 contains 15 parts with 337 sections, plus 17 Schedules, and serves as an\",\n \"title\": \"Town and Country Planning Act 1990\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12887127\",\n \"text\": \"and Technology, Energy, Infrastructure, and Food and Agriculture. , the Chairman is Prime Minister of Pakistan and the current Deputy Chairman is Sartaj Aziz who is also the Federal Minister for Planning, Development and Reforms. In spite of the grave economic and financial problems which beset the Government of Pakistan soon after her independence, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan established an independent institution, a Development Board (DB), in the Ministry of Economics Affairs (MoEA) in 1948. The institute was visioned to deal with questions of rapid economic and financial development of the country. In 1950, Prime Minister Ali Khan drafted\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7186803\",\n \"text\": \"in 1967 drastically increased the pressure brought by developers for second home developments. The agency's first task was to create a master plan, followed by a zoning map and land use plan. This zoning map breaks the park up into different sections, and the land use that will be allowed on that particular piece of land is determined by the classification that it is given. The classifications are broken up into two sections, private land classification, and state land classification. Private land classifications are the most controversial because they determine what people can do on their own land. The different\",\n \"title\": \"Adirondack Park Agency\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1640348\",\n \"text\": \"to quit refused to leave since there was no other land for them. Two years later the same difficulty arose in the densely populated Cholo District, two-thirds of whose land constituted private estates. In 1946 the Nyasaland government appointed a commission, the Abrahams Commission (also known the Land Commission) to inquire into land issues following the riots and disturbances by tenants on European-owned estates in 1943 and 1945. It had only one member, Sir Sidney Abrahams, who proposed that the Nyasaland government should purchase all unused or under-used freehold land on European-owned estates which would become Crown land, available to\",\n \"title\": \"Nyasaland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17144175\",\n \"text\": \"Shire Highlands. The committee did not go as far as Abrahams proposed, and its guiding principle was that land should be put to the best use possible, whether as working estates or African farmland. It recommended that government should only re-acquire land which was either undeveloped or occupied by large numbers of African residents or tenants. On the other hand, land capable of future “European development” (the phrase used by the Land Planning Committee) should be “protected against indiscriminate settlement and unorganised cultivation” (in Abraham’s words). The main problem was that those areas where the Native Trust Land was most\",\n \"title\": \"Abrahams Commission\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16147545\",\n \"text\": \"He also indicated that soon he would share his views with other members of the Commission to choose a final number (economic growth target) to put before the country's NDC for its approval. Though the 12th Plan has taken off, it is yet to be formally approved. The Planning Commission set a deadline of September for taking the approval of the NDC. The council is expected to meet after July, subject to the convenience of the Prime Minister. It is mainly focused on health. The status of the 12th Plan is in question due to the dissolution of the Planning\",\n \"title\": \"12th Five-Year Plan (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13855399\",\n \"text\": \"Infrastructure Planning Commission The Infrastructure Planning Commission (IPC) was a non-departmental public body responsible for the examining and in certain circumstances the decision making body for proposed nationally significant infrastructure projects in England and Wales. Created in 2008, t's function has performed by the Infrastructure Planning Unit within the Planning Inspectorate since 1 April 2012. The IPC was established by the Planning Act 2008 and began operating on 1 October 2009 and provided advice and guidance about the application process until its powers to receive, accept and examine applications for development consent came into force on 1 March 2010. It\",\n \"title\": \"Infrastructure Planning Commission\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2999302\",\n \"text\": \"efficient and ethical way, thus preventing land-use conflicts. Governments use land-use planning to manage the development of land within their jurisdictions. In doing so, the governmental unit can plan for the needs of the community while safeguarding natural resources. To this end, it is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land use, and economic and social conditions in order to select and adopt the best land-use options. Often one element of a comprehensive plan, a land-use plan provides a vision for the future possibilities of development in neighborhoods, districts, cities, or any defined planning area. In\",\n \"title\": \"Land-use planning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"71126\",\n \"text\": \"20,000 women were engaged in this service. Development rights were nationalised while the government attempted to take all development profits for the State. Strong planning authorities were set up to control land use, and issued manuals of guidance which stressed the importance of safeguarding agricultural land. A chain of regional offices was set up within its planning ministry to provide a strong lead in regional development policies. Comprehensive Development Areas (CDAs), a designation under the Town and Country Planning Act of 1947, allowed local authorities to acquire property in the designated areas using powers of compulsory purchase in order to\",\n \"title\": \"Clement Attlee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7477403\",\n \"text\": \"Town and Country Planning Act 1947 The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. VI c. 51) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed by the Labour government led by Clement Attlee. It came into effect on 1 July 1948, and along with the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947 was the foundation of modern town and country planning in the United Kingdom. Today the main statutes are the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, supported by the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) introduced in\",\n \"title\": \"Town and Country Planning Act 1947\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13469484\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President (currently, Prof. Yemi Osinbajo). The National Planning Commission was originally established by Decree No 12 of 1992 and later amended by Act 71 of 1993. The Commission has the mandate to determine and advise the Government of the Federation on matters relating to National Development and overall management of the national economy. The detailed objectives, functions, powers and structure of the Commission are outlined under sections 2, 3 and 5 of the Establishment Act. The Transformation Agenda is a medium term development strategy to speed up the actualization of the NV 20:2020. It is a framework for the\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Ministry of Budget and National Planning (Nigeria)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8465907\",\n \"text\": \"of the Planning Commission of India, the economic planning body of India; his Vision 2020 document was published as \\\"India's Development Scenario, Next Decade and Beyond\\\". Krishna Chandra Pant (K.C. Pant), informally known as \\\"\\\"Raja\\\"\\\" was born to the freedom fighter Govind Ballabh Pant and Smt. Kalawati Pant on 10 August 1931 in Bhowali - Kumaon region of the Himalayas, United Provinces (now Uttarakhand). His early years were spent in Nainital and his schooling was in St. Joseph's College, Nainital. He moved to Lucknow, post-independence when his father was appointed as the Chief Minister of the State of Uttar Pradesh.\",\n \"title\": \"K. C. Pant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2999301\",\n \"text\": \"Land-use planning Land-use planning is the process of ordering and regulating the utilization of land that promotes the efficient and ethical use of land, hence promoting best practices in land use such as environmental conservation, space economization, and prevention of land-use conflicts. Fundamentally, land-use planning is an indispensable tool for land control and pollution prevention. By and large, the uses of land determine the diverse socioeconomic activities that occur in a specific area, the patterns of human behavior they produce, and their impact on the environment. In urban planning, land-use planning seeks to order and regulate land use in an\",\n \"title\": \"Land-use planning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7471456\",\n \"text\": \"Planning Inspectorate The Planning Inspectorate for England and Wales (sometimes referred to as PINS) () is an executive agency of the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government of the United Kingdom Government with responsibility to make decisions and provide recommendations and advice on a range of land use planning-related issues across England and Wales. The Planning Inspectorate deals with planning appeals, nationally significant infrastructure projects, planning applications, examinations of local plans and other planning-related and specialist casework. The Planning Inspectorate traces its roots back to the Housing, Town Planning Act 1909 and the birth of the planning system in\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Inspectorate\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4896113\",\n \"text\": \"formed NITI Aayog. The composition of the Commission underwent considerable changes since its initiation. With the Prime Minister as the \\\"ex officio\\\" Chairman, the committee had a nominated Deputy Chairman, with the rank of a full Cabinet Minister. Cabinet Ministers with certain important portfolios acted as \\\"ex officio\\\" members of the Commission, while the full-time members were experts in various fields like economics, industry, science and general administration. \\\"Ex officio\\\" members of the Commission included the Finance Minister, Agriculture Minister, Home Minister, Health Minister, Chemicals and Fertilisers Minister, Information Technology Minister, Law Minister, Human Resource Development Minister and Minister of\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5530637\",\n \"text\": \"in the Malay language. Planning Areas of Singapore Planning Areas, also known as DGP areas or DGP zones, are the main urban planning and census divisions of Singapore delineated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. There are a total of 55 of these areas, organised into five regions. A Development Guide Plan is then drawn up for each planning area, providing for detailed planning guidelines for every individual plot of land throughout the country. The planning areas were first introduced in the early 1990s after the release of the 1991 Concept Plan. Since the implementation of these boundaries, other governmental ministries\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Areas of Singapore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17685404\",\n \"text\": \"serves as an intellectual hub for the exchange of new development ideas and proposals from scholars, private sector, civil society, and development partners. The Planning Commission was first created in Nepal in 1956. It was soon renamed in accordance with the Yojana Mandal Act of 1957. Following the introduction of the partyless Panchayat system in 1961, the National Planning Council was formed under the then king. In 1963, the Council was dissolved and a new planning body, with an identical name, was constituted under the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. All the Ministers became ex-officio members of the Council;\",\n \"title\": \"National Planning Commission of Nepal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11304966\",\n \"text\": \"campaigners who banked them in the name of a National League committee of trustees and were to be used to assist evicted tenants who had risked eviction in the hope of rapid fair-rent reinstatement. A Land Commission had been established under the Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 to review and reduce rents where they were clearly unpayable, securing an average reduction of 25%. The Campaign sought to further reduce the amounts by concerted action, and ideally by negotiation. The measures were to be put into operation on 203 estates, mainly in the south and west of the country though including\",\n \"title\": \"Plan of Campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4919523\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"development charge\\\" to capture the planning gain which arises when permission to develop land is granted. This was abolished by the 1954 Town and Country Planning Act passed under subsequent Conservative government. Green belts were added in 1955 via a government circular. Furthermore, the 1947 Act introduced a requirement, which still exists, on local authorities to develop forward looking policy documents such as Local Plans or Unitary Development Plans to outline what kind of development is permitted where, and to mark special areas on Local Plan Maps (today referred to as policies map). It did not introduce a formal\",\n \"title\": \"Town and country planning in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16454489\",\n \"text\": \"above on January 2014. A notable case regarding the denotification of land is when the Karnataka High Court granted conditional bail to the former Chief Minister, B.S. Yeddyurappa. The bail was over denotificated land in Geddalahalli, Devarachikkanahalli and Arakere. Denotification of land Denotification of land is the cancellation of a notification of intent to acquire land. Notification and denotification is generally issued by governments, particularly in India. It is when a court has cancelled the acquisition of land to builders by an Indian state government. A perfect case of denotification of land is, the land notified for Chennai Airport expansion\",\n \"title\": \"Denotification of land\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11701245\",\n \"text\": \"a quest to visit every country in the world. He was buried in Bude. Much of the development of government policy for land-use control in Britain may be traced back to Stamp's land utilisation survey and analysis of land-use changes. A second land utilisation survey was initiated by Alice Coleman (later professor of geography at Stamp's \\\"alma mater\\\" King's College London) in 1960, following Stamp's approach of the use of volunteers. Although around 3000 volunteers completed much of the field work, only a limited amount was published at 1:25,000 due to printing problems. In 1996 the Geographical Association organized a\",\n \"title\": \"Dudley Stamp\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12867113\",\n \"text\": \"Planning Service The Planning Service is an Executive within the Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland), which regulates the development and the use of land in the public interest. The Town and Country Planning Service was established in 1973 when the responsibilities of the local planning authorities briefly passed to the Ministry of Development and then to the Department of Housing, Local Government and Planning before being assimilated into the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland. The Department's statutory planning functions are currently contained in the Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1991 and associated subordinate legislation. The Town and Country\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Service\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14020300\",\n \"text\": \"tries to balance Qatar’s culture and traditions with modernisation and economic growth. The QNV initiative began in 2006 in response to the need for greater policy integration for effective development. It was based on the State’s permanent constitution, as well as a stakeholder engagement process between 2005-2007. The guiding principles for the QNV are based on human, social, economic and environmental development. In June 2008 His Highness The Emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, approved the Qatar National Vision 2030. The National Development Strategy (NDS) (Arabic:الإستراتيجية التنموية الوطنية) will provide a medium-term framework to move the state towards the realisation\",\n \"title\": \"General Secretariat for Development Planning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2252625\",\n \"text\": \"to the development proposed. The planning permission system has been criticised for being \\\"too slow, bureaucratic and expensive\\\", thus contributing to the housing crisis in the UK. As of January 2015, there were 150,000 homes waiting to progress from the \\\"outline\\\" planning stage to the \\\"detailed\\\" planning stage. Planning permission in the United Kingdom Planning permission in the United Kingdom refers to the planning permission required in the United Kingdom and Ireland in order to be allowed to build on land, or change the use of land or buildings. Within the UK the occupier of any land or building will\",\n \"title\": \"Planning permission in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"672533\",\n \"text\": \"Rather than dividing municipal maps into land use zones, English planning law places all development under the control of local and regional governments, effectively abolishing the ability to develop land by-right. However, existing development allows land use by-right as long as the use does not constitute a change in the type of land use. A property owner must apply to change land use type of any existing building, and such changes must be consistent with the local and regional land use plans. Development control or planning control is the element of the United Kingdom's system of town and country planning\",\n \"title\": \"Zoning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14266386\",\n \"text\": \"realised that the larger states were getting a bigger share in the pie. Therefore, in 1965 when the fourth plan was being thought of, the states demanded for a set of firm objective criteria for the distribution of central assistance. The planning commission left it on the states to decide on the criteria. But no agreement was reached in the National Development Council (NDC). Thus, the planning commission thought of an award system, where the finance commission had the discretion to award states in times of need after a proper scrutiny of their situation. In 1968, Planning Commission induced the\",\n \"title\": \"Gadgil formula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14266397\",\n \"text\": \"resulted in the next revision of the formula in 1990. The National Development Council (NDC) meeting held in October 11, 1990; discussed and approved a New Revised formula. The new revised formula is popularly known as Gadgil-Mukherjee formula after the name of then deputy chairman of Planning commission and the former President of India Dr.Pranab Mukherjee. The new revised formula as approved by NDC is given in the following table. Criteria for inter-state allocation of Plan Assistance Under the new revised formula, Population was given maximum weightage by considering it as most important factor for the allocation of central assistance,\",\n \"title\": \"Gadgil formula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4692297\",\n \"text\": \"respect to schools, commerce and other essential services, and separated from each other by green spaces. The government passed the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966 and brought it into effect in January 1967. Subsequently, the Mumbai metropolitan region was notified and a regional planning board was constituted in June 1967 under the chairmanship of ICS officer L.G. Rajwade. The draft regional plan of the board was finalised in January 1970. It proposed the development of a city across the harbour on the mainland to the east to attract jobs and population away from Mumbai The board recommended that\",\n \"title\": \"City and Industrial Development Corporation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7471457\",\n \"text\": \"the UK. John Burns (1858–1943), the first member of the working class to become a government Minister, was President of the Local Government Board and responsible for the 1909 Housing Act. He appointed Thomas Adams (1871–1940) as Town Planning Assistant – a precursor to the current role of Chief Planning Inspector. Subsequent Acts have included the Housing and Town Planning Act 1919, the Town Planning Act of 1925, the Town and Country Planning Acts of 1932, of 1947 and of 1990. Between 1977 and 2001 the inspectorate was based in Tollgate House, Bristol before moving to its current headquarters at\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Inspectorate\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16265126\",\n \"text\": \"as secretary of the Planning Commission of India that formulated India's Second Five Year Plan. Upon retirement as Cabinet Secretary, he was appointed Governor of Orissa, a post he held from 31 July 1957 till 15 September 1962. Y. N. Sukthankar Sukthankar was a member of the Indian Civil Service. He joined the service in 1921 - the first batch of native ICS officers. He was a part of the Finance and Commerce Pool, comprising specialist civil servants, that was constituted at the level of the Government of India during the Second World War. Sukthankar was a specialist in international\",\n \"title\": \"Y. N. Sukthankar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13818247\",\n \"text\": \"of uncontrolled growth, premature rural subdivision, loss of productive soils, strip growth, loss of forest land, loss of Bay fisheries, loss of public Bay access, the need to plan for infrastructure and other capital improvements and the need to acquire forest land and set goals for agricultural land preservation have been troubling state planning officials since the late 1930s! This according to the report of the State Planning Commission, entitled \\\"Five Years of State Planning\\\", published in 1938. The Department of Planning started out as the State Planning Commission in 1933, the first of its kind in the U.S. The\",\n \"title\": \"Maryland Department of Planning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2086296\",\n \"text\": \"The \\\"official\\\" scheme traces its origins to that launched in 1866 in London, on the initiative of the politician William Ewart, to mark the homes and workplaces of famous people. It has been administered successively by the Society of Arts (1866–1901), the London County Council (1901–1965), the Greater London Council (1965–1986) and English Heritage (1986 to date). It remains focused on London (now defined as Greater London), although between 1998 and 2005, under a trial programme since discontinued, 34 plaques were erected elsewhere in England. The first such scheme in the world, it has directly or indirectly provided the inspiration\",\n \"title\": \"Blue plaque\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13368194\",\n \"text\": \"MDDS is the official document describing the standards for common metadata as part of India's National e-Governance Plan. The 11th report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission, titled \\\"Promoting e-Governance - The Smart Way Forward\\\", established the government's position that an expansion in e-Government was necessary in India. The ARC report was submitted to the Government of India on 20 December 2008. The report cited several prior initiatives as sources of inspiration, including references to the Singapore ONE programme. To pursue this goal, the National e-Governance Plan was formulated by the Department of Information Technology (DIT) and Department of Administrative\",\n \"title\": \"National e-Governance Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11793774\",\n \"text\": \"Canada and Japan. She retired in 1996 and is now emerita professor. In the 1960s Coleman took on the role of director of the Second Land Use Survey of Britain. This was the first comprehensive attempt to map the use of land since Dudley Stamp's survey of the 1930s. Around 120 sheets each covering 200 km were published. Coleman's findings on the Land Use Survey led to an attack on the effectiveness of the planning system within the UK, which she considered responsible for much degraded land in the rural/urban fringe (Coleman 1976). As head of the Land Use Research\",\n \"title\": \"Alice Coleman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4919522\",\n \"text\": \"even during the war, a series of Royal commissions looked into specific problems in urban planning and development control. These included: Also, Patrick Abercrombie developed the Greater London Plan for the reconstruction of London, which envisaged moving 1.5 million people from London to new and expanded towns. These intellectual efforts resulted in the New Towns Act 1946 and the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. The 1947 Act, in effect, nationalised the right to develop land. It required all proposals, with a few exceptions, to secure planning permission from the local authority, with provision to appeal against refusal. It introduced\",\n \"title\": \"Town and country planning in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7477461\",\n \"text\": \"of additional documents that will eventually supersede those mentioned above. These include: Development plan A \\\"\\\"development plan\\\"\\\" is an aspect of town and country planning in the United Kingdom comprising a set of documents that set out the local authority's policies and proposals for the development and use of land in their area. The development plan guides and shapes day-to-day decisions as to whether or not planning permission should be granted, under the system known as \\\"development control\\\" or \\\"development management\\\" in Scotland. In order to ensure that these decisions are rational and consistent, they must be considered against the\",\n \"title\": \"Development plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7477406\",\n \"text\": \"limited enlargements to houses, were exempt. These charges were theoretically assessed by the Central Land Board, but it was intended that local district valuers would work with developers to agree a fair value; it was reported in 1949 that \\\"where [a charge] is payable, the amount has been agreed by the developer in over 95 per cent of the cases\\\". Where the landowner refused to sell land at the \\\"undeveloped\\\" price, the Central Land Board had authority to purchase it compulsorily and resell it to the developer. In order to assist local authorities to carry out major redevelopment, the Act\",\n \"title\": \"Town and Country Planning Act 1947\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5768392\",\n \"text\": \"between Congress and Muslim representatives proved to be a major factor in preventing agreement as too much of the important detail of how federation would work in practice. The new Conservative-dominated National Government in London decided to go ahead with drafting its own proposals (white paper, March 1933). A joint parliamentary select committee, chaired by Lord Linlithgow, reviewed the white paper proposals for a year and a half between April 1933 and November 1934, amidst much opposition from Winston Churchill and other backbench Conservatives. The House of Commons approved the Joint Select Committee report in December after an emollient speech\",\n \"title\": \"Government of India Act 1935\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5142801\",\n \"text\": \"Political and Economic Planning Political and Economic Planning (PEP) was a British policy think tank, formed in 1931 in response to Max Nicholson's article \\\"A National Plan for Britain\\\" published in February of that year in Gerald Barry's magazine \\\"The Week-End Review\\\". The original members included Nicholson and Barry, the zoologist Julian Huxley, the agronomist Leonard Elmhirst, the financier Basil Phillott Blackett, the civil servants Dennis Routh and Sir Henry Bunbury, the research chemist Michael Zvegintzov, and Israel Sieff, a director of Marks & Spencer. Sieff was Chairman in the 1930s, followed by Elmhirst in 1939 and by Nicholson in\",\n \"title\": \"Political and Economic Planning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4090842\",\n \"text\": \"Urban Redevelopment Authority The Urban Redevelopment Authority (Abbreviation: URA; Chinese: 市区重建局; Malay: \\\"Lembaga Pembangunan Semula Bandar\\\") is the national urban planning authority of Singapore, and a statutory board under the Ministry of National Development of the Singapore Government. The authority was established on 1 April 1974, and is of especially critical importance to the city-state, because Singapore is an extremely dense country where land usage is required to be efficient and maximised to reduce land wastage in the face of land shortage. URA's main responsibility is land-use planning. URA planners devise both long-term strategic land use plans and medium-term plans\",\n \"title\": \"Urban Redevelopment Authority\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"672532\",\n \"text\": \"in the Constitution Act, 1982. The zoning power relates to \\\"real property\\\", or land and the improvements constructed thereon that become part of the land itself (in Québec, \\\"immeubles\\\"). The provinces empowered the municipalities and regions to control the use of land within their boundaries. There are provisions for control of land use in unorganized areas of the provinces. Provincial tribunals are the ultimate authority for appeals and reviews. The United Kingdom does not use zoning as a technique for controlling land use. British land use control began its modern phase after the Town and Country Planning Act of 1947.\",\n \"title\": \"Zoning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2999327\",\n \"text\": \"restricting land development in riparian areas. In fact, the drive for the establishment of this city on the land where its stand was easily accessibility to water. Due to the increasing discussions in the issues of climate change and global warming, the future of land use planning will be dominated by environmental sustainability themes more than economic convenience. Chigbu et al. (2017). Combining land-use planning and tenure security: a tenure responsive land-use planning approach for developing countries. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 60(9):1622-1639. Land-use planning Land-use planning is the process of ordering and regulating the utilization of land that\",\n \"title\": \"Land-use planning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7413676\",\n \"text\": \"and Local Government is enabled to make regulations, such as \\\"The Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) Regulations 2007\\\", or again \\\"The Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2012\\\", which in turn led to the government publication, \\\"Plain English guide to flying flags\\\". Town and Country Planning Act 1990 The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (c 8) is an act of the United Kingdom Parliament regulating the development of land in England and Wales. It is a central part of English land law in that it concerns town and country planning in the\",\n \"title\": \"Town and Country Planning Act 1990\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3385194\",\n \"text\": \"sculpture emerging from the River Thames. In July 2002, the then-Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, ordered a planning inquiry after the development plans for the Shard were opposed by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment and several heritage bodies, including the Royal Parks Foundation and English Heritage. The inquiry took place in April and May 2003, and on 19 November 2003, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister announced that planning consent had been approved. The government stated that: Sellar and his original partners CLS Holdings plc and CN Ltd (acting for the Halabi Family Trust) secured an\",\n \"title\": \"The Shard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7046824\",\n \"text\": \"conference the United States Congress passed National Environmental Policy Act, which created a process whereby government agencies were required to publicly state and justify the environmental impacts of their development proposals by preparing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The EIS structure was further developed by Burchell and Listokin (1975), and this approach has informed the development of environmental impact regulation worldwide (Beer 1977), and resulted in the development of legislation within several Australian states.\\\" In NSW the first attempt to incorporate environmental assessment and protection into planning law began in 1974 with the appointment of a Planning and Environment Commission\",\n \"title\": \"Environmental planning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4473662\",\n \"text\": \"it was quick to set up an Inquiry, and subsequently draft legislation, to this end. The Labor Government called a halt to development leases granted by the Northern Territory Land Board that might damage Indigenous rights, suspended mining exploration licences, and gave a small grant of land at Daguragu/Wattie Creek, as an initial step towards the final land handback. The Whitlam government established the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Land Rights in the Northern Territory, headed by Justice Woodward. The Inquiry's task was to examine the legal establishment of land rights. The Commission recommended government financial support for the creation of\",\n \"title\": \"Wave Hill walk-off\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"931844\",\n \"text\": \"Only St. Martin's Church would have been spared. An outline map was made public on 30 November 1910 with few objections recorded. A Local Board inquiry followed on 17 February 1911 which required negotiations with landowners to allow for a full planning scheme to be compiled. This was presented in February 1913 with an adaptation of the original Soutars plan, receiving approval from the Local Government Board in September 1914. Three roads with residential housing, Manor Way, Windmill Way and Park Way were completed before the outbreak of the First World War when all construction work was halted. It did\",\n \"title\": \"Ruislip\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4896114\",\n \"text\": \"State for Planning. The Commission worked through its various divisions, of which there were two kinds: The majority of the experts in the Commission were economists, making the Commission the biggest employer of the Indian Economic Service. The Indian Planning Commission's functions as outlined by the Government's 1950 resolution are following: In March 2013, Planning Commission launched a massive social media campaign for spreading Awareness about 12th Five Year Plan. It was followed by series of Google+ Hangouts and a Plan Hackathon. By September 2013, it had made a considerable presence on Social Media with over One lakh Twitter followers\",\n \"title\": \"Planning Commission (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10918559\",\n \"text\": \"was adopted on October 10, 2018. The launch of the plan's development was featured by WTTW television in the February 23, 2016 edition of Chicago Tonight. During April-August 2017, CMAP engaged residents and stakeholder groups who were invited to comment on five \\\"Alternative Futures.\\\" The public can also provide feedback about ON TO 2050 topics being studied for Strategy Papers and Snapshot Reports currently in development. Since 2010, the agency's activities have focused primarily on support for the implementation of GO TO 2040. CMAP has garnered awards from the American Planning Association, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Transportation Research Board, and\",\n \"title\": \"Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11953727\",\n \"text\": \"the mineral sector and suggest measures for improving the investment climate the Mid-Term Appraisal had proposed the establishment of a High Level Committee. Accordingly, the Government of India, Planning Commission, constituted a Committee on 14 September 2005. under the Chairmanship of Shri Anwarul Hoda, member, Planning Commission. The Committee made detailed recommendations on all of its terms of Reference in December 2006. Based on the recommendations of the High Level Committee, in consultation with State Governments, the Government replaced the National Mineral Policy, 1993 with a new National Mineral Policy on 13 March 2008. The National Mineral Policy 2008 provides\",\n \"title\": \"Ministry of Mines (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16360997\",\n \"text\": \"on large-scale topographic maps, where available, similar to the metes and bounds method. However, most of British India was covered, during the nineteenth century, by the Revenue Survey. In the colony (now state) of South Australia, Robert Torrens in 1858 introduced a title system. Like the Milan cadastre, this system became a model to be followed, initially within the Commonwealth. In the USA, the Land Ordinance of 1785 established the basis for the Public Land Survey System, which provides locational functions as the cadastral or - in modern terms - land information system described above. For the present adoption of\",\n \"title\": \"Land administration\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11858648\",\n \"text\": \"Bombay Plan The Bombay Plan is the name commonly given to a World War II-era set of proposals for the development of the post-independence economy of India. The plan, published in 1944/1945 by eight leading Indian industrialists, proposed state intervention in the economic development of the nation after independence from the United Kingdom (which took place in 1947). Titled \\\"A Brief Memorandum Outlining a Plan of Economic Development for India\\\", the signatories of the Plan were Jamshedji Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Ardeshir Dalal, Sri Ram, Kasturbhai Lalbhai, Ardeshir Darabshaw Shroff, Sir Purshottamdas Thakurdas and John Mathai. The Plan\",\n \"title\": \"Bombay Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5530951\",\n \"text\": \"if it is too close. Public amenities have to be strategically placed to benefit the largest number of people possible with minimum redundancy and wastage. A major feature of urban planning in Singapore is to avoid such situations of land wastage. Urban planning in Singapore Urban planning in Singapore has formulated and guided its physical development from the day :Singapore was founded in 1819 as a British colony to the developed, independent country it is today. Urban planning is especially important due to land constraints and its high density. The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is Singapore's national land-use planning authority.\",\n \"title\": \"Urban planning in Singapore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4919520\",\n \"text\": \"Town and country planning in the United Kingdom Town and country planning in the United Kingdom is the part of English land law which concerns land use planning. Its goal is to ensure sustainable economic development and a better environment. Each country of the United Kingdom has its own planning system that is responsible for town and country planning devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly. The roots of the UK town and country planning system as it emerged in the immediate post-war years lay in concerns developed over the previous half century in\",\n \"title\": \"Town and country planning in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16454487\",\n \"text\": \"Denotification of land Denotification of land is the cancellation of a notification of intent to acquire land. Notification and denotification is generally issued by governments, particularly in India. It is when a court has cancelled the acquisition of land to builders by an Indian state government. A perfect case of denotification of land is, the land notified for Chennai Airport expansion in Tamil Nadu. In May 2007 1066.99 acres of land was notified from five villages namely Manapakkam, Kolapakkam, Gerugambakkam, Tharapakkam and Kovur (land identified for displacement) for construction of a parallel runway. The local residents formed a forum called\",\n \"title\": \"Denotification of land\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19536637\",\n \"text\": \"Operation Hope Not Operation Hope Not was the code-name of a funeral plan for Winston Churchill that started in 1953, twelve years before his death in 1965. The detailed plan was prepared in 1958. As Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Churchill led the country to victory in the Second World War (1939–1945). He suffered a stroke in 1953. The British government started meticulous preparation, as publicly decreed by Queen Elizabeth II of a commemoration \\\"on a scale befitting his position in history\\\". The official project was undertaken by the Earl Marshal, Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, the Duke of Norfolk, to be\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Hope Not\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9710654\",\n \"text\": \"since 1963. Hepburn and Stephenson were commissioned by the Government of Western Australia to develop the plan in 1953. The completed report recommended that a regional planning authority be established for the purpose of implementing a regional planning scheme—a recommendation that was passed into law with the MRTPS Act of 1959. The Act centralised sub-division control, keeping it in the hands of the state government, but delegated many local planning responsibilities to local governments. The overall structure was updated and extended in the Corridor Plan of 1970 and the Metroplan of 1990. In 2006 the Planning and Development Act 2006\",\n \"title\": \"Metropolitan Region Scheme\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2566549\",\n \"text\": \"it had over the appointment of judges, and reducing that of the judiciary. On 31 December 2014, Modi announced that the Planning Commission had been scrapped. It was replaced with a body called the National Institution for Transforming India, or NITI Aayog. The Planning Commission was a legacy of the Indian Independence movement, although critics said that it was slowing economic growth. The move had the effect of greatly centralising the power previously with the planning commission in the person of the prime minister. It also reduced the extent of control individual states had over their financial allocation from the\",\n \"title\": \"Narendra Modi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2134370\",\n \"text\": \"by United States Forest Service property. The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015. Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway. Most construction was carried out by private contractors under federal contracts under an authorization by Harold L. Ickes in his role as federal public works administrator. Work began on September 11, 1935, near Cumberland Knob in North Carolina; construction in Virginia began the following February. On June 30, 1936, Congress formally authorized the project as the Blue Ridge Parkway and placed\",\n \"title\": \"Blue Ridge Parkway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7622742\",\n \"text\": \"National Economic Development Council The National Economic Development Council (NEDC) was an economic planning forum set up in 1962 in the United Kingdom to bring together management, trades unions and government in an attempt to address Britain's relative economic decline. It was supported by the National Economic Development Office (NEDO). Both were known as \\\"Neddy\\\". Economic Development Committees (EDCs, known as “Little Neddies”) were set up for particular industries. Similar bodies had been evolving for a generation. An Economic Advisory Council had been set up in 1930, chaired by the Prime Minister and including leading economists John Maynard Keynes and\",\n \"title\": \"National Economic Development Council\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16954356\",\n \"text\": \"decentralized and area based planning process. The idea is to have local integrated development plans in 47 districts. By 1979, when Zimbabwe gained independence, 46.5% of the country's arable land was owned by around 6,000 commercial farmers, and white farmers, who made up less than 1% of the population, owned 70% of the best farming land. As part of the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, president Robert Mugabe initiated a \\\"willing buyer, willing seller\\\" plan, in which white land-owners were encouraged to sell their lands to the government, with partial funding from Britain. Around 71,000 families (perhaps 500,000 people) settled\",\n \"title\": \"Land reforms by country\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the planning commission set up to prepare a blue print of development for the country"}}},{"rowIdx":77,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Bobby Hurley"],"string":"[\n \"Bobby Hurley\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"4833089","text":"still earned a bid to the NCAA Tournament and faced Syracuse in a First Four matchup in Dayton. The Orange then beat the Sun Devils 60-56, thus ending their season. Hurley's squad finished 20-12, 8-10 in the Pac-12, his best season so far as the Sun Devils' coach. Bobby Hurley Robert Matthew Hurley (born June 28, 1971) is an American basketball coach and former college and professional player. Hurley is currently the head coach of the Arizona State men's team. He was previously the head coach at Buffalo. Before becoming a head coach, he was an assistant coach for Wagner","title":"Bobby Hurley"},{"id":"4833080","text":"Bobby Hurley Robert Matthew Hurley (born June 28, 1971) is an American basketball coach and former college and professional player. Hurley is currently the head coach of the Arizona State men's team. He was previously the head coach at Buffalo. Before becoming a head coach, he was an assistant coach for Wagner and an associate head coach for Rhode Island on the staff of his younger brother Dan. As a player, he was an All-American at Duke University, where he won consecutive national championships. He is the all-time leader in assists in NCAA basketball. He played for the Sacramento Kings","title":"Bobby Hurley"},{"id":"11560842","text":"States. Hurley gained national attention when his son Bobby graduated and became a four-year starter and All-American at Duke University. Bobby, along with Grant Hill and Christian Laettner, led Duke to two NCAA titles. Bobby is currently the head coach of the Arizona State University men's basketball team. He arrived at Arizona State after two seasons as head coach at the University at Buffalo; before that, he was an assistant coach for Wagner and an associate head coach for Rhode Island on the staffs of his younger brother Dan. For a number of years, Hurley's teams were challenged for supremacy","title":"Bob Hurley"},{"id":"20741183","text":"director, Jim Senter, a week prior, but Floyd said that had nothing to do with his decision. Assistant Phil Johnson was named interim head coach of the Miners the next day. On March 12, 2018, the school hired Fresno State head coach Rodney Terry as the new head coach of the Miners. On December 14, 2017, head coach Mark Price was fired by Charlotte after a 3–6 start to the season and was replaced by Houston Fancher. Houston Fancher was named interim coach for the remainder of the season. On March 6, 2018, new athletic director Mike Hill fired Fancher.","title":"2018–19 Conference USA men's basketball season"},{"id":"14469697","text":"five years of college basketball, including a redshirt year, at Seton Hall. During his first three seasons, his head coach was P. J. Carlesimo. Hurley is the youngest son of Hall of Fame high school coach Bob Hurley. His brother Bobby Hurley is a former Sacramento Kings guard and the current basketball head coach at Arizona State University. From 2010 to 2013, Bobby was one of Dan's assistant coaches at both Rhode Island and Wagner. Dan Hurley Daniel S. Hurley (born January 16, 1973) is an American basketball coach who currently coaches University of Connecticut men's basketball team. Hurley was","title":"Dan Hurley"},{"id":"20097427","text":"State's \"head coach in waiting\" in 2011. Following Fisher's decision to retire, Dutcher was formally named as his replacement on April 11, 2017. Dutcher and his wife, Jan, have two daughters: Erin and Liza. He is the son of Jim Dutcher, the former head coach at Eastern Michigan and Minnesota. Brian Dutcher Brian James Dutcher (born October 30, 1959) is an American college basketball coach and is the head coach for the San Diego State men's basketball team. Dutcher has more than 30 years of coaching experience, including 18 seasons as an assistant to Steve Fisher at San Diego State","title":"Brian Dutcher"},{"id":"2949832","text":"Second Round of the NCAA Tournament. On March 24, 2015, Sendek was fired by Arizona State after an 18–16 record, losing to USC in the Pac-12 Tournament, and a trip to the NIT. On March 28, 2016, Sendek accepted the head coaching job at Santa Clara, replacing recently fired coach, Kerry Keating who was fired after nine years. Sendek is married to Melanie (Scheuer); they have three daughters. Sendek was inducted into the Penn Hills Hall of Fame and into the East Boros Chapter of the Pennsylvania Hall of Fame. Herb Sendek Herbert Joseph Sendek Jr. (born February 22, 1963)","title":"Herb Sendek"},{"id":"20888312","text":"2018, Fresno State head coach Rodney Terry left Fresno State to become head coach at UTEP. He finished at Fresno State with a seven-year record of 126–108. On April 5, it was announced that the school had hired San Diego State assistant coach Justin Hutson as head coach. On March 11, 2018, Utah State head coach Tim Duryea was fired after three seasons. He finished at Utah State with a three-year record of 47–49. On March 25, reports indicated that the school had hired South Dakota head coach Craig Smith as head coach, which was confirmed the next day. Source","title":"2018–19 Mountain West Conference men's basketball season"},{"id":"18528","text":"Sendek, the men's basketball coach, and Dennis Erickson, the men's football coach. Erickson was fired in 2011 and replaced by Todd Graham. In December 2017, ASU announced that Herm Edwards would replace Graham as the head football coach. The rival to Arizona State University is University of Arizona. ASU has won 24 national collegiate team championships in the following sports: baseball (5), men's golf (2), women's golf (8), men's gymnastics (1), softball (2), men's indoor track (1), women's indoor track (2), men's outdoor track (1), women's outdoor track (1), and wrestling (1). In September 2009, criticism over the seven-figure salaries","title":"Arizona State University"},{"id":"10047170","text":"recover to lead the Pac 12 for the majority of the season. On February 24, 2018, Associate Head Coach Lorenzo Romar was temporarily named head coach after news broke the previous day that Miller had been caught on an FBI wiretap offering to pay players to come to Arizona. On March 1, Miller held a joint press conference with the University denying all allegations and stating he would be retained as men's head basketball coach. That same night, the Wildcats won their 29th regular season conference title, 16th in the Pac-12, and secured the No. 1 seed in the conference","title":"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball"},{"id":"12295065","text":"3 under Ned Wulk during the 1980–81 season when the starting lineup included future NBA stars Byron Scott, Fat Lever, and Alton Lister. Arizona State is currently led by third year head coach Bobby Hurley, who replaced Herb Sendek. Sendek was credited for bringing a \"basketball atmosphere\" and level of excitement to Arizona State that had been absent for years. In his first four seasons at Arizona State, Sendek led the Sun Devils to three consecutive 20 win seasons, the 2009 Pac-10 conference tournament finals, and the second round of the 2009 NCAA Tournament and 2014 NCAA Tournament. Hurley in","title":"Arizona State Sun Devils men's basketball"},{"id":"15515827","text":"seed Utah in the first round 80-69. Following a three-year extension and nearly $50,000 annual raise in January 2016, Fresno State extended Terry through the 2020–21 season in December 2016. On March 12, 2018, Terry was named the new head coach of the University of Texas at El Paso men's basketball team. Rodney Terry Rodney Eric Terry (born March 27, 1968) is an American college basketball coach who is the current head men's basketball coach at UTEP. Born in Angleton, Texas, Terry graduated from Angleton High School and played college basketball at St. Edward's University in Austin. Terry graduated from","title":"Rodney Terry"},{"id":"9144684","text":"named Pac-12 Offensive player of the week for four consecutive weeks - setting a conference record, and leading to his briefly being spoken of as a candidate for the Heisman Trophy. Rodriguez was relieved of his duties on January 2, 2018, in the wake of an internal university investigation of sexual harassment claims made by Rodriguez' former administrative assistant. After a nationwide search and much media speculation, Kevin Sumlin was hired on January 14, 2018 as the new Wildcats head football coach. Sumlin was previously head coach at Texas A&M University and the University of Houston. Sumlin, the first African-American","title":"Arizona Wildcats football"},{"id":"4340838","text":"2009. Edwards was hired in 2009 to be an analyst for the network's \"NFL Live\" program. On December 3, 2017, Edwards was named the head coach of the Arizona State football team. Edwards earned his first win with Arizona State on September 1, 2018 against UTSA. He earned his first win against a ranked opponent on September 8, 2018 against the 15th-ranked Michigan State Spartans. NFL head coaches under whom Herm Edwards has served: Assistants under Herm Edwards who became NCAA or NFL head coaches: Edwards is known for his motivational speeches and soundbites given at press conferences. Edwards' popularity","title":"Herm Edwards"},{"id":"10047172","text":"250th win for Arizona (370th win overall), in only 324 games, which is the 5th fastest of any coach at any Division 1 program all-time. The Wildcats have had 15 coaches in their 113-year history. Sean Miller is the current coach. To date, one Wildcats’ coach has won the National Coach-of-the-Year award: Lute Olson twice, in 1988 and 1990. Additionally, 2 Wildcats coaches have been named Pac-12 Conference Coach-of-the-Year: Lute Olson in 1986, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1994, 1998 and 2003 and Sean Miller in 2011, 2014, and 2017. Under Sean Miller Since becoming a University on December 5, 1958. Arizona","title":"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball"},{"id":"20114546","text":"of the regular season, head coach Todd Graham was fired. He continued to coach the team through their bowl game.. Arizona State hired Phil Bennett as defensive coordinator on January 11, 2017. Bennett was previously the defensive coordinator at Baylor University. He replaced Keith Patterson, who remained on the staff as linebackers coach. Arizona State hired Billy Napier as offensive coordinator on January 28, 2017. Napier was previously the receivers coach at the University of Alabama. He replaced Chip Lindsey, who left to become the offensive coordinator at Auburn University. Arizona State had one incoming transfer. Quarterback Blake Barnett transferred","title":"2017 Arizona State Sun Devils football team"},{"id":"20611398","text":"1998 graduate of the University of New Mexico where he earned his bachelor's degree in business administration and general management, and his master's degree in physical education and recreation. He and his wife, Sandra, have four children: Cole, Jake, Chloe, and Abby. Danny Gonzales Danny Gonzales is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the defensive coordinator at Arizona State University. Prior to 2018, Gonzales had spent his entire college coaching career on Rocky Long’s staffs at the University of New Mexico and San Diego State University. Following Gonzales’s playing career, he joined the staff at New","title":"Danny Gonzales"},{"id":"4833086","text":"Jr. On April 13, 2010, Wagner College announced that Hurley was hired as an assistant coach for the men's basketball team. Hurley joined his younger brother Dan Hurley's coaching staff. Dan Hurley had been hired as Wagner's head coach on April 6, 2010. In 2012, the Hurleys took coaching positions at Rhode Island. On March 26, 2013, Hurley was named the head coach of the Buffalo Bulls, replacing Reggie Witherspoon. Hurley coached the 2014–15 Bulls team to their first NCAA Tournament appearance. On April 9, 2015, Hurley was hired as head coach at Arizona State. In his first conference game","title":"Bobby Hurley"},{"id":"11242509","text":"the Aggies. Former Bowling Green head coach Chris Jans was named the new head coach of the Aggies on April 17, 2017. He had been serving in an administrative role at Wichita State after being fired from BGSU in 2015 and was promoted to associate head coach of the Shockers just 4 days prior to being hired by NMSU. In his first season at NMSU, The Aggies won 28 games for the second year in a row, and won both the WAC regular season title and conference championship to advance to the NCAA Tournament, where they lost to Clemson in","title":"New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball"},{"id":"18727123","text":"Nate Oats Nathanael J. Oats (born October 13, 1974) is an American basketball coach. He is currently the head basketball coach at the State University of New York at Buffalo, following two seasons as an assistant coach under Bobby Hurley. Oats was named head coach on April 11, 2015 after Hurley was hired by Arizona State as head coach. In only his first season as head coach, he took the Buffalo Bulls to their second straight NCAA Tournament bid after winning the Mid-American Conference Championship. Oats grew up in Watertown, Wisconsin where he was a three-year starter on a high","title":"Nate Oats"},{"id":"1425420","text":"head coach at her alma mater, Arizona State. In 2017, Levens returned to Nevada to be head coach, following the retirement of Jane Albright. Amanda Levens Amanda Kay Levens (born January 24, 1979) is an American women's college basketball coach. She is currently the head coach at the University of Nevada. Previously, she was hired as head coach at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) in 2008, when the school began a five-year transition to the NCAA's Division I. On April 20, 2012, Levens was named the associate head coach at Arizona State University. A native of Belvidere, Illinois, where she","title":"Amanda Levens"},{"id":"17893673","text":"A native of McPherson, Kansas, Underwood attended Kansas State University and lettered on the basketball team between 1984 and 1986. He graduated from Kansas State with a bachelor's degree in radio and television communications in 1986. He is married to Susan Underwood and has three children: Tyler, Katie, and Ashley. Tyler plays for his dad at the University of Illinois. Brad Underwood Bradley Cole Underwood (born December 14, 1963) is the current head coach for the Illinois men's basketball team. Previously, he served as head coach at Oklahoma State, Stephen F. Austin, Dodge City Community College and Daytona Beach Community","title":"Brad Underwood"},{"id":"18727130","text":"that his wife had an aggressive form of lymphoma and would be undergoing chemotherapy. With his wife's encouragement, he confirmed that he would not be renouncing his coaching duties. Nate Oats Nathanael J. Oats (born October 13, 1974) is an American basketball coach. He is currently the head basketball coach at the State University of New York at Buffalo, following two seasons as an assistant coach under Bobby Hurley. Oats was named head coach on April 11, 2015 after Hurley was hired by Arizona State as head coach. In only his first season as head coach, he took the Buffalo","title":"Nate Oats"},{"id":"20263262","text":"Sun Devils Head Coach, Arizona State finished the 2018 campaign with an (11-20) record. Kristal Harris was an Assistant Coach and Ryan Wrublik was a Volunteer Assistant Coach. The 2018 roster included: (Bailey Anderson, Kate Baldwin, Natalie Braun, Katelyn Carballo, Katie Cross, Sierra Ellett, Cierra Flood, Frances Giedraitis, Halle Harker, Kwyn Johnson, Ellyson Lundberg, Sydney Palmer, Jourdan Parnell, Samantha Plaster, Mia Rivera, Cassidy Schilling, and Kara Woodard). Frances Giedraitis received 1st Team All-Academic Pac-12 honors. Kwyn Johnson earned 1st Team All-Academic Pac-12 honors. Ellyson Lundberg claimed 1st Team All-Academic Pac-12 honors. Katie Cross received 2nd Team All-Academic Pac-12 honors. Katelyn","title":"Arizona State Sun Devils women's beach volleyball"},{"id":"18602928","text":"was announced as an assistant coach on Cleveland State University's men's basketball staff under head coach Dennis Felton. In September 2018, Zlovarić was hired by Arizona State to be assistant coach under head coach Bobby Hurley. Dražen Zlovarić Dražen Zlovarić (, born 23 March 1989) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former player who played as a power forward. He currently works as an assistant coach for the Arizona State Sun Devils. Zlovarić played university basketball at the University of Georgia and the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. After returning to Europe, he had stints with Best Balıkesir, Zepter","title":"Dražen Zlovarić"},{"id":"20026941","text":"assistant coach Emmanuel \"Book\" Richardson. The charges allege that Richardson and others allegedly received payments from financial advisers and others to influence student-athletes to retain their services and in turn used those payments to secure recruits. Following the news, Richardson was suspended and relieved of all duties. On January 11, 2018, UA fired assistant basketball coach Book Richardson after his appeal failed. On February 23, 2018, according to a published report by ESPN, an FBI wiretap revealed that head coach Sean Miller talked with Christian Dawkins (another key figure in the scandal) to discuss paying their top prospect, Deandre Ayton,","title":"2017–18 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team"},{"id":"7482709","text":"times, including 3 Elite Eights (1961, 1963, 1975). They have won 8 conference championships (4 WAC and 4 BOR) and finished in the final AP rankings 7 times. The highest national ranking the Sun Devils have achieved was No. 3 under Ned Wulk during the 1980–81 season when the starting lineup included Byron Scott, Fat Lever, and Alton Lister. Ned Wulk was the men's basketball coach from 1958 to 1982 and remains the most successful coach in the history of the program with a record of 406 – 272 (.599). Arizona State appeared in the NAIA Men's Basketball National Tournament","title":"Arizona State Sun Devils"},{"id":"18532","text":"record in those games. ASU Sun Devils Hockey competed with NCAA Division 1 schools for the first time in 2012, largely due to the success of the program. In 2016, they began as a full-time Division I team. Eight members of ASU's Women's Swimming and Diving Team were selected to the Pac-10 All-Academic Team on April 5, 2010. In addition, five member of ASU's Men's Swimming and Diving Team were selected to the Pac-10 All-Academic Team on April 6, 2010. In April 2015, Bobby Hurley was hired as the men's basketball coach, replacing Herb Sendek. Previously, Hurley was the head","title":"Arizona State University"},{"id":"7138762","text":"Leonard Hamilton James Leonard Hamilton (born August 4, 1948) is an American basketball coach and the current men's basketball head coach at Florida State University. He is a former head coach at Oklahoma State University, the University of Miami, and for the National Basketball Association's Washington Wizards. In his 30 years as a collegiate head coach, his teams have qualified for nine NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournaments and 11 National Invitation Tournaments, highlighted by appearances in the NCAA Tournament's Elite Eight in 2018 (with Florida State), and Sweet 16 in 2011 (with Florida State) and 2000 (with Miami). Other","title":"Leonard Hamilton"},{"id":"20384108","text":"11, 2018, head coach Tim Duryea was fired after three seasons. He finished at Utah State with a three-year record of 47–49. On March 25, reports indicated that the school had hired South Dakota head coach Craig Smith as head coach, which was confirmed the next day. The Aggies finished the 2016–17 season 14–17, 7–11 in Mountain West play to finish in tie for eighth place. They defeated San Jose State in the first round of the Mountain West Tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Nevada. Utah State did not have any incoming players in the","title":"2017–18 Utah State Aggies men's basketball team"},{"id":"10016761","text":"Frank Martin (basketball) Francisco José Martin (born March 23, 1966) is an American basketball coach and the current head coach for the University of South Carolina men's basketball team. Martin was previously head coach at Kansas State University for five seasons. Prior to that, he was an assistant coach at the collegiate level and head basketball coach at three high schools in Miami. Martin has led his teams to a total of five NCAA Tournaments as head coach and was named the Big 12 Conference Men's Basketball Coach of the Year in 2010. He won the Jim Phelan Award in","title":"Frank Martin (basketball)"},{"id":"20637643","text":"to the CBI and CIT respectively. On March 5, 2017, North Texas fired head coach Tony Benford after five years without a winning season. On March 13, the school hired Arkansas State head coach Grant McCasland to the same role. On March 21, 2017, Rice head coach Mike Rhoades resigned to become the head coach at VCU. He finished at Rice with a three-year record of 47–52. On March 23, the school promoted assistant coach Scott Pera to head coach. On November 27, 2017 UTEP dropped to 1–5 on the season, head coach Tim Floyd announced that he was retiring","title":"2017–18 Conference USA men's basketball season"},{"id":"20097426","text":"Brian Dutcher Brian James Dutcher (born October 30, 1959) is an American college basketball coach and is the head coach for the San Diego State men's basketball team. Dutcher has more than 30 years of coaching experience, including 18 seasons as an assistant to Steve Fisher at San Diego State preceded by nine at the University of Michigan. Dutcher joined then-interim coach Fisher in 1989 when Michigan won the national championship. Dutcher is credited for having a central role in recruiting the Fab Five to Michigan and for bringing Kawhi Leonard to San Diego State. Dutcher was named San Diego","title":"Brian Dutcher"},{"id":"19590134","text":"did not participate in a postseason tournament for the first time since the 2004–05 season. On April 11, 2017, head coach Steve Fisher announced his retirement after 18 seasons at San Diego State and 27 seasons overall as NCAA head coach, handing over the head coaching job to his longtime assistant Brian Dutcher. The Aztecs finished the 2015–16 season 28–10, 16–2 in Mountain West play to win the Mountain West regular season championship. They defeated Utah State and Nevada to advance to the championship game of the Mountain West Tournament where they lost to Fresno State. As a regular season","title":"2016–17 San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball team"},{"id":"10570370","text":"Joe Pasternack Joe Pasternack III (born April 15, 1977) is an American college basketball coach. He is the current head coach of the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos, having been appointed to the position in March 2017. Pasternack served for four years (2007–11) as the head coach of the New Orleans Privateers. The University of Arizona hired Pasternack in 2011, and promoted him to Associate Head Coach of the Wildcats in 2013. In his six seasons with the team, it was 174-47. Pasternack was born in Metairie, Louisiana, grew up in New Orleans, Louisiana, and is Jewish. His parents are Joe","title":"Joe Pasternack"},{"id":"15159587","text":"it was a misdialed number. School officials investigated, and discovered what they later described as \"a concerning pattern\" of similar calls dating back to shortly after he arrived in Oxford. On July 20, chancellor Jeff Vitter and athletic director Ross Bjork gave Freeze an ultimatum: resign or be fired for violating the morals clause of his contract. Freeze opted to resign; offensive coordinator Matt Luke was named interim coach. Freeze was named head coach of the Liberty Flames football team on December 7, 2018. Before then, he was offered on October 11, 2018, the Offensive Coordinator position for the Arizona","title":"Hugh Freeze"},{"id":"7482710","text":"two years (1948 and 1953). Both years losing in the second round, leaving the NAIA with a tournament record of 2–2. Bobby Hurley is the current head coach of the Sun Devils. Sendek stepped down as head coach of the North Carolina State Wolfpack and accepted the head coaching job at Arizona State in 2006. Sendek took the Wolfpack to five consecutive NCAA Tournaments and also won ACC coach of the year in 2004. Sendek was credited for bringing a \"basketball atmosphere\" and level of excitement to the ASU campus that had been absent for years. In his first four","title":"Arizona State Sun Devils"},{"id":"19340042","text":"Since Sean Miller took over as head coach for the 2009–10 season Arizona leads 14–4. In 2010 Arizona State beat Arizona at home for the third straight time in the McKale Center, the first time this feat had been achieved by the Sun Devils since the 1981-82 season; Arizona has a 36–10 record at Mckale Center. On February 7, 2015 Arizona State upset the #6 Ranked Wildcats for the second straight year in Tempe, Arizona Leads ASU 24-20 at Wells Fargo Arena. Beginning in 1928, the rivalry was scheduled on its \"traditional\" date. Pop McKale, UA's coach and namesake of","title":"Arizona–Arizona State men's basketball rivalry"},{"id":"17066478","text":"assistant coach in 1997 and advanced to top assistant in 1998. In 2005 Whitford left Miami for Xavier, where he spent four seasons under head coach Sean Miller before following Miller to Arizona in April 2009. After his first two seasons at Arizona Whitford was promoted to associate head coach, a position he held for another two years before taking the head coaching position at Ball State in April 2013. James Whitford James Bryce Whitford (born July 23, 1971) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of the Ball State Cardinals men's basketball program. Before he","title":"James Whitford"},{"id":"6170724","text":"in six straight years. On April 16, 2017, it was announced that Romar had joined Sean Miller's staff at Arizona as associate head coach. On February 24, 2018, Romar was the interim head coach for one game after news broke the previous day that the FBI had reportedly intercepted phone conversations about Miller talking about paying Deandre Ayton to come to Arizona. Ayton would be the second straight #1 pick to be coached by Romar for at least one game. Romar was announced as the new head men's basketball coach at Pepperdine on March 12, 2018, returning for his second","title":"Lorenzo Romar"},{"id":"9603933","text":"Shawn Slocum Richard Shawn Slocum (born February 21, 1965) is an American football coach who was the special teams coach for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League and is currently the Associate Head Coach/Special Teams Coordinator/Outside Linebackers Coach at Arizona State University. Born in Monticello, Arkansas, Slocum graduated from Bryan High School in Bryan, Texas in 1983 and attended Texas A&M University, where he played football as a linebacker and was a member of the 12th Man Kickoff Team under coach Jackie Sherrill. Slocum earned one letter with the team in 1984. He graduated with a B.S.","title":"Shawn Slocum"},{"id":"10152582","text":"Diego announced they parted ways with Grier. On August 24, 2015, Grier was announced as an assistant at Oklahoma State University, pending approved by the board of trustees. On March 28, 2016, Grier was hired as an assistant coach for the University of Colorado under Buffaloes head coach Tad Boyle. Bill Grier William Theodore Grier (born October 19, 1963) is an American college basketball coach. He is currently an assistant coach at the University of Colorado and was formerly the head men's basketball coach at the University of San Diego. Grier was born in Silverton, Oregon, and he attended Cottage","title":"Bill Grier"},{"id":"13142274","text":"four seasons. Verlin followed Morrill to Utah State in 1998. In ten seasons with Utah State, Verlin helped Utah State reach eight postseason appearances and eight 20-plus win seasons. Don Verlin is married and has two children, and his twin brother Ron is also a college basketball coach, most recently at the University of the Pacific. Don Verlin Donald Gene Verlin (born June 15, 1965) is an American college basketball coach who is currently men's basketball head coach at the University of Idaho. Previously, he was an assistant coach at Colorado State, Utah State, and Cal State Bakersfield. Born in","title":"Don Verlin"},{"id":"15047435","text":"State hired Boise State assistant coach Dave Wojcik to be the new head coach. Wojcik succeeded George Nessman, who was fired at the end of the 2012-2013 season. Wojcik resigned on July 11, 2017 for personal reasons and assistant coach Rodney Tention was named interim head coach. Colorado assistant Jean Prioleau was named head coach on August 4. As of the conclusion of the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season: In five postseason tournament appearances, the Spartans have yet to win a game. The Spartans have appeared in the NCAA Tournament three times. Their combined record is 0–3. The","title":"San Jose State Spartans men's basketball"},{"id":"4622322","text":"Arizona leads the series 21–19–1. Both teams hired new coaches prior to the 2012 season. Under Coach Todd Graham, ASU posted a 4–2 record against Arizona under Coach Rich Rodriguez. Coach Graham and Coach Rodriguez were both fired following the 2017 season. Starting in 2018, the rivalry matches ASU Head Coach Herm Edwards against Arizona Head Coach Kevin Sumlin. Coach Edwards got the better of Coach Sumlin in their inaugural game, with ASU mounting the biggest comeback in Territorial Cup history, coming from 19 points behind in the 4th quarter for a 41–40 win in Tucson on November 24, 2018,","title":"Arizona–Arizona State football rivalry"},{"id":"12718801","text":"Dave Christensen David John Christensen (born January 17, 1961) is an American college football coach and former player, who is an assistant coach at Arizona State. He previously worked as the offensive line coach and run-game coordinator for the Texas A&M Aggies. He recently served as the offensive coordinator for the University of Utah. He was previously the head coach at the University of Wyoming from 2009 to 2013, where he compiled a record of 27 wins and 35 losses (). Prior to Wyoming, Christensen was the offensive coordinator for the University of Missouri and the University of Toledo. A","title":"Dave Christensen"},{"id":"8961143","text":"Sixteen, NC State's deepest run into the tournament during Sendek's years. Sendek finished his NC State coaching career with a 71–88 record in the ACC and a 32–87 record against RPI top 50 teams. On April 3, 2006, Sendek accepted the head coaching job at Arizona State. Sidney Lowe was named head coach in May 2006 after a month-long search that included such targets as Rick Barnes, John Beilein, John Calipari, and Steve Lavin. Lowe's first season got off to a good start as the Wolfpack won its first five games. State's first three ACC contests were losses, however, and","title":"NC State Wolfpack men's basketball"},{"id":"12634150","text":"Russ Pennell Russell Edwin Pennell (born November 28, 1960) is an American basketball coach, who is currently the head coach of the University of Central Arkansas's men's basketball team. Pennell was born in Pittsburg, Kansas and graduated from Pittsburg High School. He played college basketball at the University of Arkansas and at the University of Central Arkansas, where he was two-year starter at point guard. Pennell later received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Pittsburg State University. He has been an assistant coach at Pittsburg State, Oklahoma State, University of Mississippi, and Arizona State. Pennell coached at Arizona State from","title":"Russ Pennell"},{"id":"7482714","text":"schools to play Beach Volleyball in the Pac-12 Conference, along with Arizona, California, Stanford, Oregon, UCLA, USC, Utah, and Washington. In their first four seasons, the Sun Devils have had three head coaches. Jason Watson led ASU for two seasons from 2014-2015, Jackie Bunker for one season in 2016, and Brad Keenan starting in 2017. Home matches are hosted at the PERA Club, which is located on 1 E. Continental Dr. Tempe, AZ 85281. The PERA Club (short for Project Employees Recreation Association) is a private country club for employees and families of the Salt River Project, the major water","title":"Arizona State Sun Devils"},{"id":"20272801","text":"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches The following is a list of Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches. The Wildcats have had 17 coaches in their 113-season history. One Arizona coach has been enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: Lute Olson. The current head coach of Arizona Wildcats, Sean Miller. Source: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Only intrasquad games were played in 1905–06. + Record for the 1999 and 2008 were vacated by NCAA due to NCAA infractions. Actual on-court records was 589-188 for Lute Olson and 19–15 for Kevin O'Neil. ^ Rosborough served as head coach for five games during","title":"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches"},{"id":"5383826","text":"Bob Bowman (coach) Robert Bowman (April 6, 1965) is an American swimming coach who is the current head coach of the Arizona State Sun Devils swimming and diving teams of Arizona State University. Bowman is best known as the coach of record-breaking American swimmer Michael Phelps. From 2005 to 2008, Bowman served as the head coach for the Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving team of the University of Michigan men's swimming & diving team. From 2008 to 2015, he worked as the CEO and head coach for North Baltimore Aquatic Club. In 2015, USA Swimming appointed him the head coach","title":"Bob Bowman (coach)"},{"id":"11242510","text":"the first round. The Aggies have had 26 coaches in their 110-year history. Chris Jans is the current coach. Six Aggie coaches have been named conference Coach-of-the-Year: Lou Henson in 1975, Ken Hayes in 1977, and Weldon Drew in 1983 in the Missouri Valley Conference; Neil McCarthy in 1989 and 1990 in the Big West Conference; Marvin Menzies in 2015, and Chris Jans in 2018 in the Western Athletic Conference. The Aggies have appeared in 24 NCAA Tournaments. Their combined record is 10–26. \"The NCAA began seeding the tournament with the 1979 edition.\" The Aggies have appeared in four NAIA","title":"New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball"},{"id":"7482726","text":"1999 Grace Park, & 2017 Monica Vaughn). Arizona State has had 5 coaches win the WGCA National Coach of the Year (1989 Linda Vollstedt, 1994 Linda Vollstedt, 1995 Linda Vollstedt -(Co-Winner), 2009 Melissa Luellen, & 2017 Missy Farr-Kaye). The Sun Devils have also claimed 5 winners of the Golfweek National Coach of the Year (1993 Linda Vollstedt, 1994 Linda Vollstedt, 1995 Linda Vollstedt, 1997 Linda Vollstedt, & 2017 Missy Farr-Kaye). The men's golf team has won 20 conference championships: They won NCAA regional championships in 1991 (co-champions), 1995, 1998 (co-champions), 1999, 2001, and 2009. They won the NCAA Division I","title":"Arizona State Sun Devils"},{"id":"6867348","text":"Lon Kruger Lonnie Duane Kruger (born August 19, 1952) is an American college and professional basketball coach who is currently the men's basketball head coach of the University of Oklahoma. Kruger played college basketball for Kansas State University. He has served as the head coach of the University of Texas–Pan American, Kansas State, the University of Florida, the University of Illinois, and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, as well as the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Kruger is one of only two coaches ever (the other being Tubby Smith) to lead five programs to the NCAA","title":"Lon Kruger"},{"id":"20291042","text":"Jean Prioleau Jéan-Edúard Prioleau (born March 30, 1970) is an American college basketball coach. On August 4, 2017, Prioleau was hired to be the head coach of the San Jose State Spartans men's basketball team after being an associate head coach at many different NCAA Division I colleges for 18 seasons. Prioleau was born in New York City and raised in Teaneck, New Jersey. A former student-athlete at Teaneck High School, Prioleau was named all-state third team and all-league as well as all-county first team by graduation. Prioleau committed to play for Fordham University from 1988–89 to 1991–92. Prioleau led","title":"Jean Prioleau"},{"id":"5425390","text":"to Louis and Dawn Weber, growing up with two sisters and two brothers. Weber graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1978 with a bachelor's degree in education. Weber added a master's degree in education administration and physical education from Western Kentucky University in 1981. He is married to Megan Weber, and has three daughters – Christy, Emily, and Hannah. Also, according to Ron W. He is a graduate of John Marshall HS. Bruce Weber (basketball) Bruce Brett Weber (born October 19, 1956) is an American college basketball coach who is currently the men's basketball head coach at Kansas State","title":"Bruce Weber (basketball)"},{"id":"20741184","text":"On March 19, the school hired Virginia associate head coach Ron Sanchez as the school's new head coach. March 16, 2018, Florida Atlantic head coach Michael Curry was fired after four seasons. On March 22, it was announced that the school had hired Florida assistant head coach Dusty May as head coach. Middle Tennessee head coach Kermit Davis left the school on March 19, 2018 to accept the head coaching job at Ole Miss. On March 24, the Blue Raiders named UNC Asheville head coach Nick McDevitt as the team's new head coach. On April 2, 2018, FIU fired head","title":"2018–19 Conference USA men's basketball season"},{"id":"4340819","text":"Herm Edwards Herman Edwards Jr. (born April 27, 1954) is an American football coach and former National Football League (NFL) player. He is currently the head coach at Arizona State University, a position he assumed in December 2017. From 2009 to 2017, he was a pro football analyst for ESPN. He played cornerback for ten seasons (1977–1986) with the Philadelphia Eagles, Los Angeles Rams, and Atlanta Falcons. Prior to his coaching career, Edwards was known best as the player who recovered a fumble by Giants quarterback Joe Pisarcik on a play dubbed the \"Miracle at the Meadowlands.\" Before being hired","title":"Herm Edwards"},{"id":"11560834","text":"year and only the third high school coach in history to be so honored; he was formally inducted on August 13 of that year. Hurley is the father of Bobby Hurley, a former All-American point guard at Duke and the head basketball coach at Arizona State, and Dan Hurley, who was hired in March 2018 to coach the University of Connecticut after stints at the University of Rhode Island and Wagner College, as well as nine years at Newark's Saint Benedict's Preparatory School, also one of the top high school programs in the nation. Bob was born and raised in","title":"Bob Hurley"},{"id":"5425378","text":"Bruce Weber (basketball) Bruce Brett Weber (born October 19, 1956) is an American college basketball coach who is currently the men's basketball head coach at Kansas State University. Weber was formerly head coach at Southern Illinois University and the University of Illinois. Weber has won conference championships and conference coach of the year awards at each of the three schools where he has served as head coach. He has guided his teams to a combined total of twelve NCAA Tournaments, including an appearance with Illinois in the championship game of the 2005 NCAA Tournament. Weber was the consensus national coach","title":"Bruce Weber (basketball)"},{"id":"1425416","text":"Amanda Levens Amanda Kay Levens (born January 24, 1979) is an American women's college basketball coach. She is currently the head coach at the University of Nevada. Previously, she was hired as head coach at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) in 2008, when the school began a five-year transition to the NCAA's Division I. On April 20, 2012, Levens was named the associate head coach at Arizona State University. A native of Belvidere, Illinois, where she was a three-time All State selection at Belvidere High, Levens began her collegiate playing career at Old Dominion University. She transferred after two seasons","title":"Amanda Levens"},{"id":"20185705","text":"will always play twice. On March 11, 2017, Illinois fired head coach John Groce. On March 18, the school hired Brad Underwood as the new head coach. On March 16, 2017, Indiana fired Tom Crean after nine years as head coach. On March 25, 2017, the school hired Archie Miller as head coach. On June 5, 2017, Ohio State announced that head coach Thad Matta would not return as head coach after 13 years in Columbus. On June 9, the school hired Chris Holtmann as head coach. \"Notes:\" Prior to the conference's annual media day, unofficial awards and a poll","title":"2017–18 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season"},{"id":"18527","text":"varsity sports. Historically, the university has highly performed in men's, women's, and mixed archery; men's, women's, and mixed badminton; women's golf; women's swimming and diving; baseball; and football. Arizona State University's NCAA Division I-A program competes in 9 varsity sports for men and 11 for women. ASU's athletic director is Ray Anderson, former executive vice president of football operations for the National Football League. Anderson replaced Steve Patterson, who was appointed to the position in 2012, replacing Lisa Love, the former Senior Associate Athletic Director at the University of Southern California. Love was responsible for the hiring of coaches Herb","title":"Arizona State University"},{"id":"20824399","text":"On March 11, 2018, head coach Tim Duryea was fired after three seasons. He finished at Utah State with a three-year record of 47–49. On March 25, reports indicated that the school had hired South Dakota head coach Craig Smith as head coach, which was confirmed the next day. !colspan=9 style=| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Mountain West regular season !colspan=9 style=| Mountain West Tournament 2018–19 Utah State Aggies men's basketball team The 2018–19 Utah State Aggies men's basketball team represents Utah State University in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Aggies, led by","title":"2018–19 Utah State Aggies men's basketball team"},{"id":"19340043","text":"the present UA stadium, began challenging Arizona for their perennial spot on top of the conference standings. It was officially given the name Territorial Cup in 1939. The Arizona–Arizona State game has been played in three locations: Los Angeles, CA, Tempe, AZ, and Tucson, AZ. Arizona leads the series in all three venues: for games contested in Los Angeles, tied at 1–1, Tempe, 24–20–1; and in Tucson, 7–4. Arizona won the last game, played on January 12, 2017, 91–75. Arizona leads the series 149–83, which includes an 80–29 start for Arizona from 1913 to 1958. Former Arizona head coach Lute","title":"Arizona–Arizona State men's basketball rivalry"},{"id":"4573876","text":"Lute Olson Robert Luther \"Lute\" Olson (born September 22, 1934) is an American retired basketball coach. He was most recently head coach of the University of Arizona's men's team for 25 years. He was also head coach at the University of Iowa for nine years and California State University, Long Beach for one season. Olson was known for player development, and many of his former players have gone on to impressive careers in the NBA. On October 23, 2008, Olson announced his retirement from coaching. Olson was born in Mayville, North Dakota of Norwegian-American parentage, and was coached by the","title":"Lute Olson"},{"id":"12810833","text":"State men's basketball team has had 21 head coaches, with one interim (2008). Both Amory T. \"Slats\" Gill and Ralph Miller are members of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Craig Robinson, the coach preceding Wayne Tinkle, was hired by OSU in 2008 out of Brown University, where he had just coached the Bears to a school-record 19 wins. Robinson is the brother of United States first lady Michelle Obama, and the brother-in-law to United States President Barack Obama. The longest-tenured head coach was Slats Gill, who was the coach for 36 seasons, winning 599 games during his time","title":"Oregon State Beavers men's basketball"},{"id":"10047180","text":"3rd team was only given during the 2007–2008 season. Pac-12 All Freshman Team Note Pac-12 All Newcomer Note Pac-12 All-Defensive Team Note Pac-12 All-Academic Team Notes Wildcats in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Players Coaches Coaching honors and awards (Coaches) Retired numbers To have his number retired, a player must win one of the following six widely recognized player of the year awards: Players: Though the automatic berth in the NCAA Tournament is given to the conference tournament winner, the Pac–12 declares the team with the best record in the regular season the \"official\" conference champion. UA has","title":"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball"},{"id":"13623295","text":"Colorado State Rams men's basketball The Colorado State Rams men's basketball team represents Colorado State University, located in Fort Collins, in the U.S. state of Colorado, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. They play their home games at the Moby Arena and are members of the Mountain West Conference. They are led by head coach Niko Medved who was hired to replace interim head coach Jase Herl after a 2017–18 season that saw both regular head coach Larry Eustachy and interim head coach Steve Barnes placed on administrative leave due to issues regarding their treatment of players. Becky Hammon, assistant","title":"Colorado State Rams men's basketball"},{"id":"9144552","text":"football players once played for ASU. The school has 3 unanimous All-Americans and 16 consensus selections. Among the most lauded players the school has produced are Pat Tillman, Terrell Suggs, Mike Haynes, Darren Woodson, Charley Taylor, and John Henry Johnson. In addition to its players, ASU's football program has had several notable head coaches, including Hall of Famers Dan Devine and John Cooper and national champion Dennis Erickson. The all-time school wins leader is Hall of Fame coach Frank Kush, for whom Frank Kush Field at Sun Devil Stadium is named. Kush also consistently led the Sun Devils to victory","title":"Arizona State Sun Devils football"},{"id":"17347611","text":"promoted to associate head coach named one of the top 25 assistant coaches in the nation by CollegeInsider.com. He helped ASU make four 20-win seasons, including a 25-10 overall record in 2008-2009. In 2012–13, Taylor guided the Sun Devils to a 22-13 record and advanced to the second round of the National Invitational Tournament. Taylor was named the head coach at Cal State Fullerton in April 2013. Dedrique Taylor Dedrique LaMonte Taylor (born May 1, 1974) is the current college basketball head coach for Cal State Fullerton. He is also a former Arizona State associate head men's basketball coach and","title":"Dedrique Taylor"},{"id":"9902050","text":"Coach of the Year Award, two-time National Association of Basketball Coaches Coach of the Year Award (2001, 2012) and the 2005 Clair Bee Award. Izzo also helped his assistants secure head coaching jobs across the basketball world. Three current Division I head coaches served as assistants under Izzo: Brian Gregory coached for Dayton and Georgia Tech and is the current head coach at South Florida, Mark Montgomery is the current head coach at Northern Illinois, and Tom Crean was head coach at Indiana for nine years and Marquette for nine years and is the current head coach at Georgia. Current","title":"Michigan State Spartans men's basketball"},{"id":"11865259","text":"Mark Phelps Mark Edward Phelps (born January 22, 1966) is an American basketball coach who is currently an assistant at the University of Arizona. Prior to Arizona, Phelps spent the 2013-14 season as an assistant coach for Marquette University. His most recent head coaching job was with the Drake University men's basketball team. He was named the 25th head basketball coach at Drake University and successor to Keno Davis on April 21, 2008. He was fired by Drake on March 14, 2013. He has a B.S. in physical education from Old Dominion University, which he received in 1996, and is","title":"Mark Phelps"},{"id":"7482715","text":"and power utility in Phoenix and surrounding cities. It now holds three volleyball courts after completing major renovations to accommodate the Sun Devil Volleyball team. During their inaugural season in 2014, the Sand Devils finished (6-4) overall under Coach Watson. The Sun Devils completed the 2015 campaign (7-13) overall under Coach Watson. ASU finished the 2016 season (12-13) overall under Coach Bunker. Bianca Arellano was named Pac-12 All-Conference 1st Team and earned Pac-12 All-Academic 1st Team. Whitney Follette earned Pac-12 All-Conference 1st Team and was named Pac-12 All-Academic Honorable Mention. Frances Giedraitis was named Pac-12 All-Academic 1st Team. Kwyn Johnson","title":"Arizona State Sun Devils"},{"id":"10367761","text":"Danny Kaspar Daniel Joseph Kaspar (born November 16, 1954) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of Texas State University's men's basketball team. Before becoming head coach for Texas State in 2013, Kaspar served as head coach of the men's basketball team at Stephen F. Austin State University. Kaspar has also served as head coach at Incarnate Word, and as an assistant coach at Lamar, Midwestern State and Baylor. Born in Corpus Christi, Texas, Kaspar graduated from Mary Carroll High School in Corpus Christi in 1973. He then attended Texas A&I University, an NCAA Division II","title":"Danny Kaspar"},{"id":"12634153","text":"April 7, Arizona signed Xavier men's basketball coach Sean Miller to a 5-year, $11-million contract, ending Pennell's tenure with the Wildcats. On April 9, 2009, Pennell was hired as head coach of the men's basketball team at Division II Grand Canyon University, a member of the Pacific West Conference. On March 15, 2013, he resigned, replaced by Dan Majerle. On August 8, 2013, the Phoenix Mercury announced the hiring of Pennell as interim head coach following the firing of Corey Gaines. Pennell guided the team to the Western Conference finals. He announced after the season that he would not return","title":"Russ Pennell"},{"id":"20097600","text":"as an assistant at Wyoming. In 2016, Schroyer accepted an assistant coaching position at NC State, and Stewart was elevated to interim head coach. On November 3, 2016, Stewart was given the job on a permanent basis. In his first season at the helm, the Skyhawks went 22–13, finished in first place in the West division of the OVC, and participated in the 2017 CIT. Anthony Stewart (basketball coach) Anthony Stewart (born April 15, 1970) is an American college basketball coach and current head coach for the UT Martin Skyhawks men's basketball team. Coming off one of the most successful","title":"Anthony Stewart (basketball coach)"},{"id":"7364522","text":"Rich Zvosec Rich Zvosec (born March 13, 1961) is a television broadcaster for ESPN and Fox Sports, motivational speaker and a Telly Award winning actor, a former American college basketball coach and college administrator. After a 25-year coaching career, he currently serves as the associate athletics director for Arkansas State University. Zvosec was born in Lorain, Ohio, and graduated from Lorain Catholic High School in 1979. He enrolled at Defiance College, where he played basketball and earned a bachelor's degree in business. In 1988 he became head coach of the St. Francis (NY) Terriers, becoming the youngest Division I coach","title":"Rich Zvosec"},{"id":"7361273","text":"Coaches with at least one win are listed here. Current coaches are in bold. 17 – Sean Miller (Arizona), (17-6)<br> 16 – Lute Olson (Arizona), (16-6)<br> 15 – Dana Altman (Oregon), (15-6)<br> 15 – Lorenzo Romar (Washington), (15-11)<br> 11 – Tad Boyle (Colorado), (11-6)<br> 11 – Ben Howland (UCLA), (11-8)<br> 11 – Ernie Kent (Oregon/Washington State), (11-10)<br> 10 – Mike Montgomery (Stan/Cal), (10-12)<br> 7 – Ben Braun (Cal), (7-7)<br> 6 – Steve Alford (UCLA), (6-3)<br> 6 – Tim Floyd (USC), (6-3)<br> 6 – Johnny Dawkins (Stanford), (6-8)<br> 6 – Larry Krystkowiak (Utah), (6-7)<br> 4 – Henry Bibby (USC), (4-3)<br> 4","title":"Pac-12 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"19523634","text":"Brian Boyer Brian Boyer (born October 24, 1969) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of the women’s basketball team at Arkansas State University. Boyer has been the head coach at A-State for 19 years and has compiled an overall record of 321-269 and has won more games than any coach (men’s or women’s) in the school’s history. Boyer was born in Memphis, Missouri, a small farming community in the Northern part of the state. He attended Missouri Western where he earned a bachelor's degree in Physical Education in 1993. Upon arriving at Missouri Western as","title":"Brian Boyer"},{"id":"17347610","text":"Dedrique Taylor Dedrique LaMonte Taylor (born May 1, 1974) is the current college basketball head coach for Cal State Fullerton. He is also a former Arizona State associate head men's basketball coach and a college assistant coach. Taylor began his coaching career in 2000 at UC Davis. In 2001, he became strength and conditioning coach at Loyola Marymount. From 2002 to 2004, he was an assistant coach at Portland State, followed by two years at Nevada as assistant coach from 2002 to 2004. Taylor was an assistant coach for Arizona State University from 2006 to 2013. In 2010, he was","title":"Dedrique Taylor"},{"id":"20440391","text":"head coach Tim Floyd announced that he was retiring effective immediately. The school had previously announced a new athletic director, Jim Senter, a week prior, but Floyd said that had nothing to do with his decision. Assistant Phil Johnson was named interim head coach of the Miners the next day. On March 12, 2018, the school hired Fresno State head coach Rodney Terry as the new head coach of the Miners. The Miners finished the 2016–17 season 15–17, 12–6 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for third place. In the C-USA Tournament, they defeated Rice in the quarterfinals","title":"2017–18 UTEP Miners men's basketball team"},{"id":"20625685","text":"others to influence student-athletes to retain their services and in turn used those payments to secure recruits. Following the news, Richardson was suspended and relieved of all duties. On January 11, 2018, UA fired assistant basketball coach Book Richardson after his appeal failed. On February 23, 2018, according to a published report by ESPN, an FBI wiretap revealed that head coach Sean Miller talked with Christian Dawkins (another key figure in the scandal) to discuss paying their top prospect, Deandre Ayton, $100,000 to commit to Arizona, with the monetary situation being dealt with directly with him. While Miller would not","title":"2018–19 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team"},{"id":"6083780","text":"2018, Colorado State placed Eustachy on administrative leave and promoted associate head coach Steve Barnes to interim head coach pending the completion of another inquiry into Eustachy's behavior. Colorado State confirmed the existence of that second investigation three days earlier on January 31; Eustachy resigned on Larry Eustachy Larry Robert Eustachy (born December 1, 1955) is an American college basketball coach, most recently the head coach of the Colorado State Rams He was previously the head coach at Idaho and Eustachy was the AP Coach of the Year in 2000 after leading Iowa State to the Elite Eight in the","title":"Larry Eustachy"},{"id":"18536","text":"Association All-Star James Harden, and 2011 NFL Defensive Player of the Year Terrell Suggs. ASU alumni enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame include: Curley Culp, Mike Haynes, John Henry Johnson, Randall McDaniel, and Charley Taylor. Other notable athletes that attended ASU are: Major League Baseball All-Stars Dustin Pedroia, Sal Bando, and Paul Lo Duca; National Basketball Association All-Stars Lionel Hollins and Fat Lever, and NBA All-Star coach Byron Scott; National Football League Pro Bowl selections Jake Plummer and Danny White, as well as current Miami Dolphins quarterback Brock Osweiler; and three-time Olympic gold medalist swimmers Melissa Belote and","title":"Arizona State University"},{"id":"20611396","text":"Danny Gonzales Danny Gonzales is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the defensive coordinator at Arizona State University. Prior to 2018, Gonzales had spent his entire college coaching career on Rocky Long’s staffs at the University of New Mexico and San Diego State University. Following Gonzales’s playing career, he joined the staff at New Mexico as a graduate assistant from 1999–2002. He then served as the teams video coordinator from 2003–2005. He was then promoted to a full-time assistant, coaching the teams safeties, kickers, punters, and long snappers from 2006–2008. In 2011, Gonzales joined Rocky Long’s","title":"Danny Gonzales"},{"id":"13889259","text":"Charli Turner Thorne Charli Turner Thorne (born March 10, 1966) is the Arizona State Sun Devils head women's basketball coach. She is the winningest Sun Devil coach since the team was established (343-208) and, in 2009, stood as No. 4 in the Pac-10/Pac-12 in terms of most career wins. Turner Thorne studied psychology at Stanford University where she played basketball under Tara VanDerveer. She graduated in 1988 with a bachelor's degree and later studied for a master's degree in education at the University of Washington, graduating in 1990. She is married to Will Thorne and they have three children. Turner","title":"Charli Turner Thorne"},{"id":"3104062","text":"Stars Mike Modano and Marty Turco. On July 18, 2014, Recchi was hired as the Pittsburgh Penguins' player development coach. He was a part of the 2016 and 2017 Stanley Cup champion teams. He was subsequently promoted to director of player development on June 15, 2017. He was named the assistant coach on July 11, 2017, following the departure of Rick Tocchet, who was named the head coach of the Arizona Coyotes. Recchi's fathers name is Mel, his mother is named Ruth, and he has three brothers: Marty, Mike and Matt. Recchi married Kim Lazur on August 20, 2016, and","title":"Mark Recchi"},{"id":"7482708","text":"the Sun Devils. He was replaced by coach Todd Graham on December 14, 2011. Lisa Love was fired from her position as Vice President for University Athletics and Athletics Director on March 28, 2012 and was immediately replaced by Steve Patterson. Notable football alumni include Terrell Suggs, Jim Jeffcoat, Mike Pagel, Jake Plummer, Todd Heap, J.R. Redmond, Danny White, Randall McDaniel, David Fulcher, Darren Woodson, Pat Tillman, Eric Allen, Zach Miller, Shaun McDonald, John Jefferson, Paul Justin, Jimmy Verdon, Mike Haynes, Al Harris, Vontaze Burfict and Ryan Torain. The Arizona State Sun Devils have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 13","title":"Arizona State Sun Devils"},{"id":"10152987","text":"Dave Loos David Henry Loos (born March 5, 1947) is a retired American college basketball coach who most recently served as head coach of the men's team at Austin Peay State University, where he is also a former athletic director. He was head coach from 1990 until retiring at the end of the 2016–17 season. On April 2, 2013, Loos announced that he would relinquish his position as director of athletics to focus solely on coaching basketball. Derek van der Merwe was announced as the successor to Loos on June 5, 2013. On March 5, 2016 the Loos-coached Governors won","title":"Dave Loos"},{"id":"9857898","text":"team. He was terminated from that job after being on medical leave. Hobbs is married to Barbara \"Skeet\" Fleet Hobbs and they have two grown children, Heather and David, Jr. David Hobbs (basketball) David A. Hobbs (born April 25, 1949) is an American basketball coach. Hobbs currently serves as a special assistant to Iowa State's head coach Steve Prohm. He was the men's head coach at the University of Alabama from 1992 to 1998 and also was an assistant coach at Alabama, the University of Kentucky and Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). Hobbs was born in Lynchburg, Virginia. He lettered his","title":"David Hobbs (basketball)"},{"id":"20026942","text":"$100,000 to commit to Arizona, with the monetary situation being dealt with directly with him. While Miller would not coach their next game that day against Oregon, Arizona allowed Ayton to play. Coach Sean Miller subsequently denied the allegation and the University of Arizona announced he will remain the coach of Arizona Wildcats men’s basketball team, with Ayton also allowed to continue playing with the team for the rest of the season. However, as a consequence of the report involving Ayton, both of Arizona's remaining committed recruits from the class of 2018, Shareef O'Neal and Brandon Williams, announced they had","title":"2017–18 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team"},{"id":"20272802","text":"the 2000–01 campaign while Olson took a leave of absence. Arizona was 28–8 overall and 15–3 in Pac-10 play that season. O'Neill served as interim head coach while Olson missed the season due to a leave of absenc. + Pennell served as interim head coach following Olson's retirement in October 200. † – Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches The following is a list of Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches. The Wildcats have had 17 coaches in their 113-season history. One Arizona coach has been enshrined in the Naismith Memorial","title":"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches"},{"id":"20229908","text":"tournament. On March 12, 2018, head coach Rodney Terry left Fresno State to become head coach at UTEP. He finished at Fresno State with a seven-year record of 126–108. On April 5, it was announced that the school had hired San Diego State assistant coach Justin Hutson as head coach. The Bulldogs finished the season 20–13 overall; and 11–7 in the conference. During the season, Fresno State was invited and participated in the Mountain West–Missouri Valley Challenge, where they defeated Drake in Des Moines, Iowa. In the postseason, Fresno State won against New Mexico but lost to Nevada in the","title":"2017–18 Fresno State Bulldogs men's basketball team"},{"id":"13889264","text":"Coaches Association's (WBCA) Executive Committee. For the 2011–12 basketball season, Turner Thorne took a leave of absence from her coaching duties and returned for the 2012–13 season. Charli Turner Thorne Charli Turner Thorne (born March 10, 1966) is the Arizona State Sun Devils head women's basketball coach. She is the winningest Sun Devil coach since the team was established (343-208) and, in 2009, stood as No. 4 in the Pac-10/Pac-12 in terms of most career wins. Turner Thorne studied psychology at Stanford University where she played basketball under Tara VanDerveer. She graduated in 1988 with a bachelor's degree and later","title":"Charli Turner Thorne"},{"id":"19340044","text":"Olson amassed a 43-6 record in 25 seasons against his rival. Current Arizona head coach Sean Miller is 14-4 all-time against ASU. Arizona State head coach Bobby Hurley is 0-6 all-time against Arizona. The Arizona–Arizona State rivalry has been known for streaks. In the first major streak of the series, Arizona won 9 straight over the Sun Devils from 1913 to 1926. Arizona has the longest winning streak of the series, 17 games, from 1945 to 1952. The streak was broken by Arizona State in 1952. Arizona State's longest streak was 15 games from 1958 to 1965. Arizona currently has","title":"Arizona–Arizona State men's basketball rivalry"},{"id":"11905268","text":"Derek Kellogg Derek Wolfgang Kellogg (born June 20, 1973) is an American college basketball coach, currently the head men's basketball coach at LIU Brooklyn. He was previously head coach of the men's basketball team at his alma mater, the University of Massachusetts, being named to the position on April 23, 2008, replacing Travis Ford, who left to take the head coaching job at Oklahoma State University. He was removed from the position on March 9, 2017. Kellogg attended Cathedral High School in Springfield and the University of Massachusetts. He played point guard for the UMass Minutemen from 1991 to 1995","title":"Derek Kellogg"},{"id":"19834080","text":"would not return as head coach. Williams finished his 19-year career at the school as the school's all-time winningest coach with a record of 313–230. On March 30, it was announced that Arizona associate head coach and former New Orleans head coach Joe Pasternack had been hired as the next head coach. The Gauchos finished the 2015–16 season 19–14, 11–5 in Big West play to finish in fourth place. They defeated UC Davis in the Big West Tournament losing to Hawaii in the semifinals. They were invited to the inaugural Vegas 16 Tournament, which only had eight teams, where they","title":"2016–17 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's basketball team"},{"id":"19824188","text":"the Foster Farms Bowl where they faced Purdue, losing 35–38. Rich Rodriguez was fired after 6 seasons with Arizona. After Rich Rodriguez was fired, Kevin Sumlin was named the Wildcats' new full-time head coach on January 14th, 2018. After starting the season 2–1 (the sole victory coming against FCS Grambling State and Hawaii, then lose to BYU). Under Rodriguez, extending back to the 2012 season, the Wildcats had lost 8 consecutive games to FBS opponents, their last victory coming nearly a year earlier on September 17, 2016, against Hawaii, leading the team to a record of 3–9 (1–8 Pac-12) on","title":"2017 Arizona Wildcats football team"},{"id":"20904475","text":"on the season, head coach Tim Floyd announced that he was retiring effective immediately. The school had previously announced a new athletic director, Jim Senter, a week prior, but Floyd said that had nothing to do with his decision. Assistant Phil Johnson was named interim head coach of the Miners the next day. On March 12, 2018, the school hired Fresno State head coach Rodney Terry as the new head coach of the Miners. !colspan=9 style=|Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Conference USA regular season !colspan=9 style=| Conference USA Tournament Source 2018–19 UTEP Miners men's basketball team The 2018–19 UTEP Miners","title":"2018–19 UTEP Miners men's basketball team"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"4833089\",\n \"text\": \"still earned a bid to the NCAA Tournament and faced Syracuse in a First Four matchup in Dayton. The Orange then beat the Sun Devils 60-56, thus ending their season. Hurley's squad finished 20-12, 8-10 in the Pac-12, his best season so far as the Sun Devils' coach. Bobby Hurley Robert Matthew Hurley (born June 28, 1971) is an American basketball coach and former college and professional player. Hurley is currently the head coach of the Arizona State men's team. He was previously the head coach at Buffalo. Before becoming a head coach, he was an assistant coach for Wagner\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Hurley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4833080\",\n \"text\": \"Bobby Hurley Robert Matthew Hurley (born June 28, 1971) is an American basketball coach and former college and professional player. Hurley is currently the head coach of the Arizona State men's team. He was previously the head coach at Buffalo. Before becoming a head coach, he was an assistant coach for Wagner and an associate head coach for Rhode Island on the staff of his younger brother Dan. As a player, he was an All-American at Duke University, where he won consecutive national championships. He is the all-time leader in assists in NCAA basketball. He played for the Sacramento Kings\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Hurley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11560842\",\n \"text\": \"States. Hurley gained national attention when his son Bobby graduated and became a four-year starter and All-American at Duke University. Bobby, along with Grant Hill and Christian Laettner, led Duke to two NCAA titles. Bobby is currently the head coach of the Arizona State University men's basketball team. He arrived at Arizona State after two seasons as head coach at the University at Buffalo; before that, he was an assistant coach for Wagner and an associate head coach for Rhode Island on the staffs of his younger brother Dan. For a number of years, Hurley's teams were challenged for supremacy\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Hurley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20741183\",\n \"text\": \"director, Jim Senter, a week prior, but Floyd said that had nothing to do with his decision. Assistant Phil Johnson was named interim head coach of the Miners the next day. On March 12, 2018, the school hired Fresno State head coach Rodney Terry as the new head coach of the Miners. On December 14, 2017, head coach Mark Price was fired by Charlotte after a 3–6 start to the season and was replaced by Houston Fancher. Houston Fancher was named interim coach for the remainder of the season. On March 6, 2018, new athletic director Mike Hill fired Fancher.\",\n \"title\": \"2018–19 Conference USA men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14469697\",\n \"text\": \"five years of college basketball, including a redshirt year, at Seton Hall. During his first three seasons, his head coach was P. J. Carlesimo. Hurley is the youngest son of Hall of Fame high school coach Bob Hurley. His brother Bobby Hurley is a former Sacramento Kings guard and the current basketball head coach at Arizona State University. From 2010 to 2013, Bobby was one of Dan's assistant coaches at both Rhode Island and Wagner. Dan Hurley Daniel S. Hurley (born January 16, 1973) is an American basketball coach who currently coaches University of Connecticut men's basketball team. Hurley was\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Hurley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20097427\",\n \"text\": \"State's \\\"head coach in waiting\\\" in 2011. Following Fisher's decision to retire, Dutcher was formally named as his replacement on April 11, 2017. Dutcher and his wife, Jan, have two daughters: Erin and Liza. He is the son of Jim Dutcher, the former head coach at Eastern Michigan and Minnesota. Brian Dutcher Brian James Dutcher (born October 30, 1959) is an American college basketball coach and is the head coach for the San Diego State men's basketball team. Dutcher has more than 30 years of coaching experience, including 18 seasons as an assistant to Steve Fisher at San Diego State\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Dutcher\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2949832\",\n \"text\": \"Second Round of the NCAA Tournament. On March 24, 2015, Sendek was fired by Arizona State after an 18–16 record, losing to USC in the Pac-12 Tournament, and a trip to the NIT. On March 28, 2016, Sendek accepted the head coaching job at Santa Clara, replacing recently fired coach, Kerry Keating who was fired after nine years. Sendek is married to Melanie (Scheuer); they have three daughters. Sendek was inducted into the Penn Hills Hall of Fame and into the East Boros Chapter of the Pennsylvania Hall of Fame. Herb Sendek Herbert Joseph Sendek Jr. (born February 22, 1963)\",\n \"title\": \"Herb Sendek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20888312\",\n \"text\": \"2018, Fresno State head coach Rodney Terry left Fresno State to become head coach at UTEP. He finished at Fresno State with a seven-year record of 126–108. On April 5, it was announced that the school had hired San Diego State assistant coach Justin Hutson as head coach. On March 11, 2018, Utah State head coach Tim Duryea was fired after three seasons. He finished at Utah State with a three-year record of 47–49. On March 25, reports indicated that the school had hired South Dakota head coach Craig Smith as head coach, which was confirmed the next day. Source\",\n \"title\": \"2018–19 Mountain West Conference men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18528\",\n \"text\": \"Sendek, the men's basketball coach, and Dennis Erickson, the men's football coach. Erickson was fired in 2011 and replaced by Todd Graham. In December 2017, ASU announced that Herm Edwards would replace Graham as the head football coach. The rival to Arizona State University is University of Arizona. ASU has won 24 national collegiate team championships in the following sports: baseball (5), men's golf (2), women's golf (8), men's gymnastics (1), softball (2), men's indoor track (1), women's indoor track (2), men's outdoor track (1), women's outdoor track (1), and wrestling (1). In September 2009, criticism over the seven-figure salaries\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10047170\",\n \"text\": \"recover to lead the Pac 12 for the majority of the season. On February 24, 2018, Associate Head Coach Lorenzo Romar was temporarily named head coach after news broke the previous day that Miller had been caught on an FBI wiretap offering to pay players to come to Arizona. On March 1, Miller held a joint press conference with the University denying all allegations and stating he would be retained as men's head basketball coach. That same night, the Wildcats won their 29th regular season conference title, 16th in the Pac-12, and secured the No. 1 seed in the conference\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12295065\",\n \"text\": \"3 under Ned Wulk during the 1980–81 season when the starting lineup included future NBA stars Byron Scott, Fat Lever, and Alton Lister. Arizona State is currently led by third year head coach Bobby Hurley, who replaced Herb Sendek. Sendek was credited for bringing a \\\"basketball atmosphere\\\" and level of excitement to Arizona State that had been absent for years. In his first four seasons at Arizona State, Sendek led the Sun Devils to three consecutive 20 win seasons, the 2009 Pac-10 conference tournament finals, and the second round of the 2009 NCAA Tournament and 2014 NCAA Tournament. Hurley in\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State Sun Devils men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15515827\",\n \"text\": \"seed Utah in the first round 80-69. Following a three-year extension and nearly $50,000 annual raise in January 2016, Fresno State extended Terry through the 2020–21 season in December 2016. On March 12, 2018, Terry was named the new head coach of the University of Texas at El Paso men's basketball team. Rodney Terry Rodney Eric Terry (born March 27, 1968) is an American college basketball coach who is the current head men's basketball coach at UTEP. Born in Angleton, Texas, Terry graduated from Angleton High School and played college basketball at St. Edward's University in Austin. Terry graduated from\",\n \"title\": \"Rodney Terry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9144684\",\n \"text\": \"named Pac-12 Offensive player of the week for four consecutive weeks - setting a conference record, and leading to his briefly being spoken of as a candidate for the Heisman Trophy. Rodriguez was relieved of his duties on January 2, 2018, in the wake of an internal university investigation of sexual harassment claims made by Rodriguez' former administrative assistant. After a nationwide search and much media speculation, Kevin Sumlin was hired on January 14, 2018 as the new Wildcats head football coach. Sumlin was previously head coach at Texas A&M University and the University of Houston. Sumlin, the first African-American\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona Wildcats football\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4340838\",\n \"text\": \"2009. Edwards was hired in 2009 to be an analyst for the network's \\\"NFL Live\\\" program. On December 3, 2017, Edwards was named the head coach of the Arizona State football team. Edwards earned his first win with Arizona State on September 1, 2018 against UTSA. He earned his first win against a ranked opponent on September 8, 2018 against the 15th-ranked Michigan State Spartans. NFL head coaches under whom Herm Edwards has served: Assistants under Herm Edwards who became NCAA or NFL head coaches: Edwards is known for his motivational speeches and soundbites given at press conferences. Edwards' popularity\",\n \"title\": \"Herm Edwards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10047172\",\n \"text\": \"250th win for Arizona (370th win overall), in only 324 games, which is the 5th fastest of any coach at any Division 1 program all-time. The Wildcats have had 15 coaches in their 113-year history. Sean Miller is the current coach. To date, one Wildcats’ coach has won the National Coach-of-the-Year award: Lute Olson twice, in 1988 and 1990. Additionally, 2 Wildcats coaches have been named Pac-12 Conference Coach-of-the-Year: Lute Olson in 1986, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1994, 1998 and 2003 and Sean Miller in 2011, 2014, and 2017. Under Sean Miller Since becoming a University on December 5, 1958. Arizona\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20114546\",\n \"text\": \"of the regular season, head coach Todd Graham was fired. He continued to coach the team through their bowl game.. Arizona State hired Phil Bennett as defensive coordinator on January 11, 2017. Bennett was previously the defensive coordinator at Baylor University. He replaced Keith Patterson, who remained on the staff as linebackers coach. Arizona State hired Billy Napier as offensive coordinator on January 28, 2017. Napier was previously the receivers coach at the University of Alabama. He replaced Chip Lindsey, who left to become the offensive coordinator at Auburn University. Arizona State had one incoming transfer. Quarterback Blake Barnett transferred\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20611398\",\n \"text\": \"1998 graduate of the University of New Mexico where he earned his bachelor's degree in business administration and general management, and his master's degree in physical education and recreation. He and his wife, Sandra, have four children: Cole, Jake, Chloe, and Abby. Danny Gonzales Danny Gonzales is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the defensive coordinator at Arizona State University. Prior to 2018, Gonzales had spent his entire college coaching career on Rocky Long’s staffs at the University of New Mexico and San Diego State University. Following Gonzales’s playing career, he joined the staff at New\",\n \"title\": \"Danny Gonzales\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4833086\",\n \"text\": \"Jr. On April 13, 2010, Wagner College announced that Hurley was hired as an assistant coach for the men's basketball team. Hurley joined his younger brother Dan Hurley's coaching staff. Dan Hurley had been hired as Wagner's head coach on April 6, 2010. In 2012, the Hurleys took coaching positions at Rhode Island. On March 26, 2013, Hurley was named the head coach of the Buffalo Bulls, replacing Reggie Witherspoon. Hurley coached the 2014–15 Bulls team to their first NCAA Tournament appearance. On April 9, 2015, Hurley was hired as head coach at Arizona State. In his first conference game\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Hurley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11242509\",\n \"text\": \"the Aggies. Former Bowling Green head coach Chris Jans was named the new head coach of the Aggies on April 17, 2017. He had been serving in an administrative role at Wichita State after being fired from BGSU in 2015 and was promoted to associate head coach of the Shockers just 4 days prior to being hired by NMSU. In his first season at NMSU, The Aggies won 28 games for the second year in a row, and won both the WAC regular season title and conference championship to advance to the NCAA Tournament, where they lost to Clemson in\",\n \"title\": \"New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18727123\",\n \"text\": \"Nate Oats Nathanael J. Oats (born October 13, 1974) is an American basketball coach. He is currently the head basketball coach at the State University of New York at Buffalo, following two seasons as an assistant coach under Bobby Hurley. Oats was named head coach on April 11, 2015 after Hurley was hired by Arizona State as head coach. In only his first season as head coach, he took the Buffalo Bulls to their second straight NCAA Tournament bid after winning the Mid-American Conference Championship. Oats grew up in Watertown, Wisconsin where he was a three-year starter on a high\",\n \"title\": \"Nate Oats\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1425420\",\n \"text\": \"head coach at her alma mater, Arizona State. In 2017, Levens returned to Nevada to be head coach, following the retirement of Jane Albright. Amanda Levens Amanda Kay Levens (born January 24, 1979) is an American women's college basketball coach. She is currently the head coach at the University of Nevada. Previously, she was hired as head coach at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) in 2008, when the school began a five-year transition to the NCAA's Division I. On April 20, 2012, Levens was named the associate head coach at Arizona State University. A native of Belvidere, Illinois, where she\",\n \"title\": \"Amanda Levens\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17893673\",\n \"text\": \"A native of McPherson, Kansas, Underwood attended Kansas State University and lettered on the basketball team between 1984 and 1986. He graduated from Kansas State with a bachelor's degree in radio and television communications in 1986. He is married to Susan Underwood and has three children: Tyler, Katie, and Ashley. Tyler plays for his dad at the University of Illinois. Brad Underwood Bradley Cole Underwood (born December 14, 1963) is the current head coach for the Illinois men's basketball team. Previously, he served as head coach at Oklahoma State, Stephen F. Austin, Dodge City Community College and Daytona Beach Community\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18727130\",\n \"text\": \"that his wife had an aggressive form of lymphoma and would be undergoing chemotherapy. With his wife's encouragement, he confirmed that he would not be renouncing his coaching duties. Nate Oats Nathanael J. Oats (born October 13, 1974) is an American basketball coach. He is currently the head basketball coach at the State University of New York at Buffalo, following two seasons as an assistant coach under Bobby Hurley. Oats was named head coach on April 11, 2015 after Hurley was hired by Arizona State as head coach. In only his first season as head coach, he took the Buffalo\",\n \"title\": \"Nate Oats\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20263262\",\n \"text\": \"Sun Devils Head Coach, Arizona State finished the 2018 campaign with an (11-20) record. Kristal Harris was an Assistant Coach and Ryan Wrublik was a Volunteer Assistant Coach. The 2018 roster included: (Bailey Anderson, Kate Baldwin, Natalie Braun, Katelyn Carballo, Katie Cross, Sierra Ellett, Cierra Flood, Frances Giedraitis, Halle Harker, Kwyn Johnson, Ellyson Lundberg, Sydney Palmer, Jourdan Parnell, Samantha Plaster, Mia Rivera, Cassidy Schilling, and Kara Woodard). Frances Giedraitis received 1st Team All-Academic Pac-12 honors. Kwyn Johnson earned 1st Team All-Academic Pac-12 honors. Ellyson Lundberg claimed 1st Team All-Academic Pac-12 honors. Katie Cross received 2nd Team All-Academic Pac-12 honors. Katelyn\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State Sun Devils women's beach volleyball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18602928\",\n \"text\": \"was announced as an assistant coach on Cleveland State University's men's basketball staff under head coach Dennis Felton. In September 2018, Zlovarić was hired by Arizona State to be assistant coach under head coach Bobby Hurley. Dražen Zlovarić Dražen Zlovarić (, born 23 March 1989) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former player who played as a power forward. He currently works as an assistant coach for the Arizona State Sun Devils. Zlovarić played university basketball at the University of Georgia and the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. After returning to Europe, he had stints with Best Balıkesir, Zepter\",\n \"title\": \"Dražen Zlovarić\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20026941\",\n \"text\": \"assistant coach Emmanuel \\\"Book\\\" Richardson. The charges allege that Richardson and others allegedly received payments from financial advisers and others to influence student-athletes to retain their services and in turn used those payments to secure recruits. Following the news, Richardson was suspended and relieved of all duties. On January 11, 2018, UA fired assistant basketball coach Book Richardson after his appeal failed. On February 23, 2018, according to a published report by ESPN, an FBI wiretap revealed that head coach Sean Miller talked with Christian Dawkins (another key figure in the scandal) to discuss paying their top prospect, Deandre Ayton,\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7482709\",\n \"text\": \"times, including 3 Elite Eights (1961, 1963, 1975). They have won 8 conference championships (4 WAC and 4 BOR) and finished in the final AP rankings 7 times. The highest national ranking the Sun Devils have achieved was No. 3 under Ned Wulk during the 1980–81 season when the starting lineup included Byron Scott, Fat Lever, and Alton Lister. Ned Wulk was the men's basketball coach from 1958 to 1982 and remains the most successful coach in the history of the program with a record of 406 – 272 (.599). Arizona State appeared in the NAIA Men's Basketball National Tournament\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State Sun Devils\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18532\",\n \"text\": \"record in those games. ASU Sun Devils Hockey competed with NCAA Division 1 schools for the first time in 2012, largely due to the success of the program. In 2016, they began as a full-time Division I team. Eight members of ASU's Women's Swimming and Diving Team were selected to the Pac-10 All-Academic Team on April 5, 2010. In addition, five member of ASU's Men's Swimming and Diving Team were selected to the Pac-10 All-Academic Team on April 6, 2010. In April 2015, Bobby Hurley was hired as the men's basketball coach, replacing Herb Sendek. Previously, Hurley was the head\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7138762\",\n \"text\": \"Leonard Hamilton James Leonard Hamilton (born August 4, 1948) is an American basketball coach and the current men's basketball head coach at Florida State University. He is a former head coach at Oklahoma State University, the University of Miami, and for the National Basketball Association's Washington Wizards. In his 30 years as a collegiate head coach, his teams have qualified for nine NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournaments and 11 National Invitation Tournaments, highlighted by appearances in the NCAA Tournament's Elite Eight in 2018 (with Florida State), and Sweet 16 in 2011 (with Florida State) and 2000 (with Miami). Other\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Hamilton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20384108\",\n \"text\": \"11, 2018, head coach Tim Duryea was fired after three seasons. He finished at Utah State with a three-year record of 47–49. On March 25, reports indicated that the school had hired South Dakota head coach Craig Smith as head coach, which was confirmed the next day. The Aggies finished the 2016–17 season 14–17, 7–11 in Mountain West play to finish in tie for eighth place. They defeated San Jose State in the first round of the Mountain West Tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Nevada. Utah State did not have any incoming players in the\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Utah State Aggies men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10016761\",\n \"text\": \"Frank Martin (basketball) Francisco José Martin (born March 23, 1966) is an American basketball coach and the current head coach for the University of South Carolina men's basketball team. Martin was previously head coach at Kansas State University for five seasons. Prior to that, he was an assistant coach at the collegiate level and head basketball coach at three high schools in Miami. Martin has led his teams to a total of five NCAA Tournaments as head coach and was named the Big 12 Conference Men's Basketball Coach of the Year in 2010. He won the Jim Phelan Award in\",\n \"title\": \"Frank Martin (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20637643\",\n \"text\": \"to the CBI and CIT respectively. On March 5, 2017, North Texas fired head coach Tony Benford after five years without a winning season. On March 13, the school hired Arkansas State head coach Grant McCasland to the same role. On March 21, 2017, Rice head coach Mike Rhoades resigned to become the head coach at VCU. He finished at Rice with a three-year record of 47–52. On March 23, the school promoted assistant coach Scott Pera to head coach. On November 27, 2017 UTEP dropped to 1–5 on the season, head coach Tim Floyd announced that he was retiring\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Conference USA men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20097426\",\n \"text\": \"Brian Dutcher Brian James Dutcher (born October 30, 1959) is an American college basketball coach and is the head coach for the San Diego State men's basketball team. Dutcher has more than 30 years of coaching experience, including 18 seasons as an assistant to Steve Fisher at San Diego State preceded by nine at the University of Michigan. Dutcher joined then-interim coach Fisher in 1989 when Michigan won the national championship. Dutcher is credited for having a central role in recruiting the Fab Five to Michigan and for bringing Kawhi Leonard to San Diego State. Dutcher was named San Diego\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Dutcher\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19590134\",\n \"text\": \"did not participate in a postseason tournament for the first time since the 2004–05 season. On April 11, 2017, head coach Steve Fisher announced his retirement after 18 seasons at San Diego State and 27 seasons overall as NCAA head coach, handing over the head coaching job to his longtime assistant Brian Dutcher. The Aztecs finished the 2015–16 season 28–10, 16–2 in Mountain West play to win the Mountain West regular season championship. They defeated Utah State and Nevada to advance to the championship game of the Mountain West Tournament where they lost to Fresno State. As a regular season\",\n \"title\": \"2016–17 San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10570370\",\n \"text\": \"Joe Pasternack Joe Pasternack III (born April 15, 1977) is an American college basketball coach. He is the current head coach of the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos, having been appointed to the position in March 2017. Pasternack served for four years (2007–11) as the head coach of the New Orleans Privateers. The University of Arizona hired Pasternack in 2011, and promoted him to Associate Head Coach of the Wildcats in 2013. In his six seasons with the team, it was 174-47. Pasternack was born in Metairie, Louisiana, grew up in New Orleans, Louisiana, and is Jewish. His parents are Joe\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Pasternack\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15159587\",\n \"text\": \"it was a misdialed number. School officials investigated, and discovered what they later described as \\\"a concerning pattern\\\" of similar calls dating back to shortly after he arrived in Oxford. On July 20, chancellor Jeff Vitter and athletic director Ross Bjork gave Freeze an ultimatum: resign or be fired for violating the morals clause of his contract. Freeze opted to resign; offensive coordinator Matt Luke was named interim coach. Freeze was named head coach of the Liberty Flames football team on December 7, 2018. Before then, he was offered on October 11, 2018, the Offensive Coordinator position for the Arizona\",\n \"title\": \"Hugh Freeze\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7482710\",\n \"text\": \"two years (1948 and 1953). Both years losing in the second round, leaving the NAIA with a tournament record of 2–2. Bobby Hurley is the current head coach of the Sun Devils. Sendek stepped down as head coach of the North Carolina State Wolfpack and accepted the head coaching job at Arizona State in 2006. Sendek took the Wolfpack to five consecutive NCAA Tournaments and also won ACC coach of the year in 2004. Sendek was credited for bringing a \\\"basketball atmosphere\\\" and level of excitement to the ASU campus that had been absent for years. In his first four\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State Sun Devils\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19340042\",\n \"text\": \"Since Sean Miller took over as head coach for the 2009–10 season Arizona leads 14–4. In 2010 Arizona State beat Arizona at home for the third straight time in the McKale Center, the first time this feat had been achieved by the Sun Devils since the 1981-82 season; Arizona has a 36–10 record at Mckale Center. On February 7, 2015 Arizona State upset the #6 Ranked Wildcats for the second straight year in Tempe, Arizona Leads ASU 24-20 at Wells Fargo Arena. Beginning in 1928, the rivalry was scheduled on its \\\"traditional\\\" date. Pop McKale, UA's coach and namesake of\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona–Arizona State men's basketball rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17066478\",\n \"text\": \"assistant coach in 1997 and advanced to top assistant in 1998. In 2005 Whitford left Miami for Xavier, where he spent four seasons under head coach Sean Miller before following Miller to Arizona in April 2009. After his first two seasons at Arizona Whitford was promoted to associate head coach, a position he held for another two years before taking the head coaching position at Ball State in April 2013. James Whitford James Bryce Whitford (born July 23, 1971) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of the Ball State Cardinals men's basketball program. Before he\",\n \"title\": \"James Whitford\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6170724\",\n \"text\": \"in six straight years. On April 16, 2017, it was announced that Romar had joined Sean Miller's staff at Arizona as associate head coach. On February 24, 2018, Romar was the interim head coach for one game after news broke the previous day that the FBI had reportedly intercepted phone conversations about Miller talking about paying Deandre Ayton to come to Arizona. Ayton would be the second straight #1 pick to be coached by Romar for at least one game. Romar was announced as the new head men's basketball coach at Pepperdine on March 12, 2018, returning for his second\",\n \"title\": \"Lorenzo Romar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9603933\",\n \"text\": \"Shawn Slocum Richard Shawn Slocum (born February 21, 1965) is an American football coach who was the special teams coach for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League and is currently the Associate Head Coach/Special Teams Coordinator/Outside Linebackers Coach at Arizona State University. Born in Monticello, Arkansas, Slocum graduated from Bryan High School in Bryan, Texas in 1983 and attended Texas A&M University, where he played football as a linebacker and was a member of the 12th Man Kickoff Team under coach Jackie Sherrill. Slocum earned one letter with the team in 1984. He graduated with a B.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Shawn Slocum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10152582\",\n \"text\": \"Diego announced they parted ways with Grier. On August 24, 2015, Grier was announced as an assistant at Oklahoma State University, pending approved by the board of trustees. On March 28, 2016, Grier was hired as an assistant coach for the University of Colorado under Buffaloes head coach Tad Boyle. Bill Grier William Theodore Grier (born October 19, 1963) is an American college basketball coach. He is currently an assistant coach at the University of Colorado and was formerly the head men's basketball coach at the University of San Diego. Grier was born in Silverton, Oregon, and he attended Cottage\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Grier\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13142274\",\n \"text\": \"four seasons. Verlin followed Morrill to Utah State in 1998. In ten seasons with Utah State, Verlin helped Utah State reach eight postseason appearances and eight 20-plus win seasons. Don Verlin is married and has two children, and his twin brother Ron is also a college basketball coach, most recently at the University of the Pacific. Don Verlin Donald Gene Verlin (born June 15, 1965) is an American college basketball coach who is currently men's basketball head coach at the University of Idaho. Previously, he was an assistant coach at Colorado State, Utah State, and Cal State Bakersfield. Born in\",\n \"title\": \"Don Verlin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15047435\",\n \"text\": \"State hired Boise State assistant coach Dave Wojcik to be the new head coach. Wojcik succeeded George Nessman, who was fired at the end of the 2012-2013 season. Wojcik resigned on July 11, 2017 for personal reasons and assistant coach Rodney Tention was named interim head coach. Colorado assistant Jean Prioleau was named head coach on August 4. As of the conclusion of the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season: In five postseason tournament appearances, the Spartans have yet to win a game. The Spartans have appeared in the NCAA Tournament three times. Their combined record is 0–3. The\",\n \"title\": \"San Jose State Spartans men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4622322\",\n \"text\": \"Arizona leads the series 21–19–1. Both teams hired new coaches prior to the 2012 season. Under Coach Todd Graham, ASU posted a 4–2 record against Arizona under Coach Rich Rodriguez. Coach Graham and Coach Rodriguez were both fired following the 2017 season. Starting in 2018, the rivalry matches ASU Head Coach Herm Edwards against Arizona Head Coach Kevin Sumlin. Coach Edwards got the better of Coach Sumlin in their inaugural game, with ASU mounting the biggest comeback in Territorial Cup history, coming from 19 points behind in the 4th quarter for a 41–40 win in Tucson on November 24, 2018,\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona–Arizona State football rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12718801\",\n \"text\": \"Dave Christensen David John Christensen (born January 17, 1961) is an American college football coach and former player, who is an assistant coach at Arizona State. He previously worked as the offensive line coach and run-game coordinator for the Texas A&M Aggies. He recently served as the offensive coordinator for the University of Utah. He was previously the head coach at the University of Wyoming from 2009 to 2013, where he compiled a record of 27 wins and 35 losses (). Prior to Wyoming, Christensen was the offensive coordinator for the University of Missouri and the University of Toledo. A\",\n \"title\": \"Dave Christensen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8961143\",\n \"text\": \"Sixteen, NC State's deepest run into the tournament during Sendek's years. Sendek finished his NC State coaching career with a 71–88 record in the ACC and a 32–87 record against RPI top 50 teams. On April 3, 2006, Sendek accepted the head coaching job at Arizona State. Sidney Lowe was named head coach in May 2006 after a month-long search that included such targets as Rick Barnes, John Beilein, John Calipari, and Steve Lavin. Lowe's first season got off to a good start as the Wolfpack won its first five games. State's first three ACC contests were losses, however, and\",\n \"title\": \"NC State Wolfpack men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12634150\",\n \"text\": \"Russ Pennell Russell Edwin Pennell (born November 28, 1960) is an American basketball coach, who is currently the head coach of the University of Central Arkansas's men's basketball team. Pennell was born in Pittsburg, Kansas and graduated from Pittsburg High School. He played college basketball at the University of Arkansas and at the University of Central Arkansas, where he was two-year starter at point guard. Pennell later received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Pittsburg State University. He has been an assistant coach at Pittsburg State, Oklahoma State, University of Mississippi, and Arizona State. Pennell coached at Arizona State from\",\n \"title\": \"Russ Pennell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7482714\",\n \"text\": \"schools to play Beach Volleyball in the Pac-12 Conference, along with Arizona, California, Stanford, Oregon, UCLA, USC, Utah, and Washington. In their first four seasons, the Sun Devils have had three head coaches. Jason Watson led ASU for two seasons from 2014-2015, Jackie Bunker for one season in 2016, and Brad Keenan starting in 2017. Home matches are hosted at the PERA Club, which is located on 1 E. Continental Dr. Tempe, AZ 85281. The PERA Club (short for Project Employees Recreation Association) is a private country club for employees and families of the Salt River Project, the major water\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State Sun Devils\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20272801\",\n \"text\": \"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches The following is a list of Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches. The Wildcats have had 17 coaches in their 113-season history. One Arizona coach has been enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: Lute Olson. The current head coach of Arizona Wildcats, Sean Miller. Source: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Only intrasquad games were played in 1905–06. + Record for the 1999 and 2008 were vacated by NCAA due to NCAA infractions. Actual on-court records was 589-188 for Lute Olson and 19–15 for Kevin O'Neil. ^ Rosborough served as head coach for five games during\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5383826\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Bowman (coach) Robert Bowman (April 6, 1965) is an American swimming coach who is the current head coach of the Arizona State Sun Devils swimming and diving teams of Arizona State University. Bowman is best known as the coach of record-breaking American swimmer Michael Phelps. From 2005 to 2008, Bowman served as the head coach for the Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving team of the University of Michigan men's swimming & diving team. From 2008 to 2015, he worked as the CEO and head coach for North Baltimore Aquatic Club. In 2015, USA Swimming appointed him the head coach\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Bowman (coach)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11242510\",\n \"text\": \"the first round. The Aggies have had 26 coaches in their 110-year history. Chris Jans is the current coach. Six Aggie coaches have been named conference Coach-of-the-Year: Lou Henson in 1975, Ken Hayes in 1977, and Weldon Drew in 1983 in the Missouri Valley Conference; Neil McCarthy in 1989 and 1990 in the Big West Conference; Marvin Menzies in 2015, and Chris Jans in 2018 in the Western Athletic Conference. The Aggies have appeared in 24 NCAA Tournaments. Their combined record is 10–26. \\\"The NCAA began seeding the tournament with the 1979 edition.\\\" The Aggies have appeared in four NAIA\",\n \"title\": \"New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7482726\",\n \"text\": \"1999 Grace Park, & 2017 Monica Vaughn). Arizona State has had 5 coaches win the WGCA National Coach of the Year (1989 Linda Vollstedt, 1994 Linda Vollstedt, 1995 Linda Vollstedt -(Co-Winner), 2009 Melissa Luellen, & 2017 Missy Farr-Kaye). The Sun Devils have also claimed 5 winners of the Golfweek National Coach of the Year (1993 Linda Vollstedt, 1994 Linda Vollstedt, 1995 Linda Vollstedt, 1997 Linda Vollstedt, & 2017 Missy Farr-Kaye). The men's golf team has won 20 conference championships: They won NCAA regional championships in 1991 (co-champions), 1995, 1998 (co-champions), 1999, 2001, and 2009. They won the NCAA Division I\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State Sun Devils\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6867348\",\n \"text\": \"Lon Kruger Lonnie Duane Kruger (born August 19, 1952) is an American college and professional basketball coach who is currently the men's basketball head coach of the University of Oklahoma. Kruger played college basketball for Kansas State University. He has served as the head coach of the University of Texas–Pan American, Kansas State, the University of Florida, the University of Illinois, and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, as well as the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Kruger is one of only two coaches ever (the other being Tubby Smith) to lead five programs to the NCAA\",\n \"title\": \"Lon Kruger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20291042\",\n \"text\": \"Jean Prioleau Jéan-Edúard Prioleau (born March 30, 1970) is an American college basketball coach. On August 4, 2017, Prioleau was hired to be the head coach of the San Jose State Spartans men's basketball team after being an associate head coach at many different NCAA Division I colleges for 18 seasons. Prioleau was born in New York City and raised in Teaneck, New Jersey. A former student-athlete at Teaneck High School, Prioleau was named all-state third team and all-league as well as all-county first team by graduation. Prioleau committed to play for Fordham University from 1988–89 to 1991–92. Prioleau led\",\n \"title\": \"Jean Prioleau\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5425390\",\n \"text\": \"to Louis and Dawn Weber, growing up with two sisters and two brothers. Weber graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1978 with a bachelor's degree in education. Weber added a master's degree in education administration and physical education from Western Kentucky University in 1981. He is married to Megan Weber, and has three daughters – Christy, Emily, and Hannah. Also, according to Ron W. He is a graduate of John Marshall HS. Bruce Weber (basketball) Bruce Brett Weber (born October 19, 1956) is an American college basketball coach who is currently the men's basketball head coach at Kansas State\",\n \"title\": \"Bruce Weber (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20741184\",\n \"text\": \"On March 19, the school hired Virginia associate head coach Ron Sanchez as the school's new head coach. March 16, 2018, Florida Atlantic head coach Michael Curry was fired after four seasons. On March 22, it was announced that the school had hired Florida assistant head coach Dusty May as head coach. Middle Tennessee head coach Kermit Davis left the school on March 19, 2018 to accept the head coaching job at Ole Miss. On March 24, the Blue Raiders named UNC Asheville head coach Nick McDevitt as the team's new head coach. On April 2, 2018, FIU fired head\",\n \"title\": \"2018–19 Conference USA men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4340819\",\n \"text\": \"Herm Edwards Herman Edwards Jr. (born April 27, 1954) is an American football coach and former National Football League (NFL) player. He is currently the head coach at Arizona State University, a position he assumed in December 2017. From 2009 to 2017, he was a pro football analyst for ESPN. He played cornerback for ten seasons (1977–1986) with the Philadelphia Eagles, Los Angeles Rams, and Atlanta Falcons. Prior to his coaching career, Edwards was known best as the player who recovered a fumble by Giants quarterback Joe Pisarcik on a play dubbed the \\\"Miracle at the Meadowlands.\\\" Before being hired\",\n \"title\": \"Herm Edwards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11560834\",\n \"text\": \"year and only the third high school coach in history to be so honored; he was formally inducted on August 13 of that year. Hurley is the father of Bobby Hurley, a former All-American point guard at Duke and the head basketball coach at Arizona State, and Dan Hurley, who was hired in March 2018 to coach the University of Connecticut after stints at the University of Rhode Island and Wagner College, as well as nine years at Newark's Saint Benedict's Preparatory School, also one of the top high school programs in the nation. Bob was born and raised in\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Hurley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5425378\",\n \"text\": \"Bruce Weber (basketball) Bruce Brett Weber (born October 19, 1956) is an American college basketball coach who is currently the men's basketball head coach at Kansas State University. Weber was formerly head coach at Southern Illinois University and the University of Illinois. Weber has won conference championships and conference coach of the year awards at each of the three schools where he has served as head coach. He has guided his teams to a combined total of twelve NCAA Tournaments, including an appearance with Illinois in the championship game of the 2005 NCAA Tournament. Weber was the consensus national coach\",\n \"title\": \"Bruce Weber (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1425416\",\n \"text\": \"Amanda Levens Amanda Kay Levens (born January 24, 1979) is an American women's college basketball coach. She is currently the head coach at the University of Nevada. Previously, she was hired as head coach at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) in 2008, when the school began a five-year transition to the NCAA's Division I. On April 20, 2012, Levens was named the associate head coach at Arizona State University. A native of Belvidere, Illinois, where she was a three-time All State selection at Belvidere High, Levens began her collegiate playing career at Old Dominion University. She transferred after two seasons\",\n \"title\": \"Amanda Levens\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20185705\",\n \"text\": \"will always play twice. On March 11, 2017, Illinois fired head coach John Groce. On March 18, the school hired Brad Underwood as the new head coach. On March 16, 2017, Indiana fired Tom Crean after nine years as head coach. On March 25, 2017, the school hired Archie Miller as head coach. On June 5, 2017, Ohio State announced that head coach Thad Matta would not return as head coach after 13 years in Columbus. On June 9, the school hired Chris Holtmann as head coach. \\\"Notes:\\\" Prior to the conference's annual media day, unofficial awards and a poll\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18527\",\n \"text\": \"varsity sports. Historically, the university has highly performed in men's, women's, and mixed archery; men's, women's, and mixed badminton; women's golf; women's swimming and diving; baseball; and football. Arizona State University's NCAA Division I-A program competes in 9 varsity sports for men and 11 for women. ASU's athletic director is Ray Anderson, former executive vice president of football operations for the National Football League. Anderson replaced Steve Patterson, who was appointed to the position in 2012, replacing Lisa Love, the former Senior Associate Athletic Director at the University of Southern California. Love was responsible for the hiring of coaches Herb\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20824399\",\n \"text\": \"On March 11, 2018, head coach Tim Duryea was fired after three seasons. He finished at Utah State with a three-year record of 47–49. On March 25, reports indicated that the school had hired South Dakota head coach Craig Smith as head coach, which was confirmed the next day. !colspan=9 style=| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Mountain West regular season !colspan=9 style=| Mountain West Tournament 2018–19 Utah State Aggies men's basketball team The 2018–19 Utah State Aggies men's basketball team represents Utah State University in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Aggies, led by\",\n \"title\": \"2018–19 Utah State Aggies men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19340043\",\n \"text\": \"the present UA stadium, began challenging Arizona for their perennial spot on top of the conference standings. It was officially given the name Territorial Cup in 1939. The Arizona–Arizona State game has been played in three locations: Los Angeles, CA, Tempe, AZ, and Tucson, AZ. Arizona leads the series in all three venues: for games contested in Los Angeles, tied at 1–1, Tempe, 24–20–1; and in Tucson, 7–4. Arizona won the last game, played on January 12, 2017, 91–75. Arizona leads the series 149–83, which includes an 80–29 start for Arizona from 1913 to 1958. Former Arizona head coach Lute\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona–Arizona State men's basketball rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4573876\",\n \"text\": \"Lute Olson Robert Luther \\\"Lute\\\" Olson (born September 22, 1934) is an American retired basketball coach. He was most recently head coach of the University of Arizona's men's team for 25 years. He was also head coach at the University of Iowa for nine years and California State University, Long Beach for one season. Olson was known for player development, and many of his former players have gone on to impressive careers in the NBA. On October 23, 2008, Olson announced his retirement from coaching. Olson was born in Mayville, North Dakota of Norwegian-American parentage, and was coached by the\",\n \"title\": \"Lute Olson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12810833\",\n \"text\": \"State men's basketball team has had 21 head coaches, with one interim (2008). Both Amory T. \\\"Slats\\\" Gill and Ralph Miller are members of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Craig Robinson, the coach preceding Wayne Tinkle, was hired by OSU in 2008 out of Brown University, where he had just coached the Bears to a school-record 19 wins. Robinson is the brother of United States first lady Michelle Obama, and the brother-in-law to United States President Barack Obama. The longest-tenured head coach was Slats Gill, who was the coach for 36 seasons, winning 599 games during his time\",\n \"title\": \"Oregon State Beavers men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10047180\",\n \"text\": \"3rd team was only given during the 2007–2008 season. Pac-12 All Freshman Team Note Pac-12 All Newcomer Note Pac-12 All-Defensive Team Note Pac-12 All-Academic Team Notes Wildcats in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Players Coaches Coaching honors and awards (Coaches) Retired numbers To have his number retired, a player must win one of the following six widely recognized player of the year awards: Players: Though the automatic berth in the NCAA Tournament is given to the conference tournament winner, the Pac–12 declares the team with the best record in the regular season the \\\"official\\\" conference champion. UA has\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13623295\",\n \"text\": \"Colorado State Rams men's basketball The Colorado State Rams men's basketball team represents Colorado State University, located in Fort Collins, in the U.S. state of Colorado, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. They play their home games at the Moby Arena and are members of the Mountain West Conference. They are led by head coach Niko Medved who was hired to replace interim head coach Jase Herl after a 2017–18 season that saw both regular head coach Larry Eustachy and interim head coach Steve Barnes placed on administrative leave due to issues regarding their treatment of players. Becky Hammon, assistant\",\n \"title\": \"Colorado State Rams men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9144552\",\n \"text\": \"football players once played for ASU. The school has 3 unanimous All-Americans and 16 consensus selections. Among the most lauded players the school has produced are Pat Tillman, Terrell Suggs, Mike Haynes, Darren Woodson, Charley Taylor, and John Henry Johnson. In addition to its players, ASU's football program has had several notable head coaches, including Hall of Famers Dan Devine and John Cooper and national champion Dennis Erickson. The all-time school wins leader is Hall of Fame coach Frank Kush, for whom Frank Kush Field at Sun Devil Stadium is named. Kush also consistently led the Sun Devils to victory\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State Sun Devils football\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17347611\",\n \"text\": \"promoted to associate head coach named one of the top 25 assistant coaches in the nation by CollegeInsider.com. He helped ASU make four 20-win seasons, including a 25-10 overall record in 2008-2009. In 2012–13, Taylor guided the Sun Devils to a 22-13 record and advanced to the second round of the National Invitational Tournament. Taylor was named the head coach at Cal State Fullerton in April 2013. Dedrique Taylor Dedrique LaMonte Taylor (born May 1, 1974) is the current college basketball head coach for Cal State Fullerton. He is also a former Arizona State associate head men's basketball coach and\",\n \"title\": \"Dedrique Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9902050\",\n \"text\": \"Coach of the Year Award, two-time National Association of Basketball Coaches Coach of the Year Award (2001, 2012) and the 2005 Clair Bee Award. Izzo also helped his assistants secure head coaching jobs across the basketball world. Three current Division I head coaches served as assistants under Izzo: Brian Gregory coached for Dayton and Georgia Tech and is the current head coach at South Florida, Mark Montgomery is the current head coach at Northern Illinois, and Tom Crean was head coach at Indiana for nine years and Marquette for nine years and is the current head coach at Georgia. Current\",\n \"title\": \"Michigan State Spartans men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11865259\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Phelps Mark Edward Phelps (born January 22, 1966) is an American basketball coach who is currently an assistant at the University of Arizona. Prior to Arizona, Phelps spent the 2013-14 season as an assistant coach for Marquette University. His most recent head coaching job was with the Drake University men's basketball team. He was named the 25th head basketball coach at Drake University and successor to Keno Davis on April 21, 2008. He was fired by Drake on March 14, 2013. He has a B.S. in physical education from Old Dominion University, which he received in 1996, and is\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Phelps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7482715\",\n \"text\": \"and power utility in Phoenix and surrounding cities. It now holds three volleyball courts after completing major renovations to accommodate the Sun Devil Volleyball team. During their inaugural season in 2014, the Sand Devils finished (6-4) overall under Coach Watson. The Sun Devils completed the 2015 campaign (7-13) overall under Coach Watson. ASU finished the 2016 season (12-13) overall under Coach Bunker. Bianca Arellano was named Pac-12 All-Conference 1st Team and earned Pac-12 All-Academic 1st Team. Whitney Follette earned Pac-12 All-Conference 1st Team and was named Pac-12 All-Academic Honorable Mention. Frances Giedraitis was named Pac-12 All-Academic 1st Team. Kwyn Johnson\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State Sun Devils\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10367761\",\n \"text\": \"Danny Kaspar Daniel Joseph Kaspar (born November 16, 1954) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of Texas State University's men's basketball team. Before becoming head coach for Texas State in 2013, Kaspar served as head coach of the men's basketball team at Stephen F. Austin State University. Kaspar has also served as head coach at Incarnate Word, and as an assistant coach at Lamar, Midwestern State and Baylor. Born in Corpus Christi, Texas, Kaspar graduated from Mary Carroll High School in Corpus Christi in 1973. He then attended Texas A&I University, an NCAA Division II\",\n \"title\": \"Danny Kaspar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12634153\",\n \"text\": \"April 7, Arizona signed Xavier men's basketball coach Sean Miller to a 5-year, $11-million contract, ending Pennell's tenure with the Wildcats. On April 9, 2009, Pennell was hired as head coach of the men's basketball team at Division II Grand Canyon University, a member of the Pacific West Conference. On March 15, 2013, he resigned, replaced by Dan Majerle. On August 8, 2013, the Phoenix Mercury announced the hiring of Pennell as interim head coach following the firing of Corey Gaines. Pennell guided the team to the Western Conference finals. He announced after the season that he would not return\",\n \"title\": \"Russ Pennell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20097600\",\n \"text\": \"as an assistant at Wyoming. In 2016, Schroyer accepted an assistant coaching position at NC State, and Stewart was elevated to interim head coach. On November 3, 2016, Stewart was given the job on a permanent basis. In his first season at the helm, the Skyhawks went 22–13, finished in first place in the West division of the OVC, and participated in the 2017 CIT. Anthony Stewart (basketball coach) Anthony Stewart (born April 15, 1970) is an American college basketball coach and current head coach for the UT Martin Skyhawks men's basketball team. Coming off one of the most successful\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Stewart (basketball coach)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7364522\",\n \"text\": \"Rich Zvosec Rich Zvosec (born March 13, 1961) is a television broadcaster for ESPN and Fox Sports, motivational speaker and a Telly Award winning actor, a former American college basketball coach and college administrator. After a 25-year coaching career, he currently serves as the associate athletics director for Arkansas State University. Zvosec was born in Lorain, Ohio, and graduated from Lorain Catholic High School in 1979. He enrolled at Defiance College, where he played basketball and earned a bachelor's degree in business. In 1988 he became head coach of the St. Francis (NY) Terriers, becoming the youngest Division I coach\",\n \"title\": \"Rich Zvosec\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7361273\",\n \"text\": \"Coaches with at least one win are listed here. Current coaches are in bold. 17 – Sean Miller (Arizona), (17-6)<br> 16 – Lute Olson (Arizona), (16-6)<br> 15 – Dana Altman (Oregon), (15-6)<br> 15 – Lorenzo Romar (Washington), (15-11)<br> 11 – Tad Boyle (Colorado), (11-6)<br> 11 – Ben Howland (UCLA), (11-8)<br> 11 – Ernie Kent (Oregon/Washington State), (11-10)<br> 10 – Mike Montgomery (Stan/Cal), (10-12)<br> 7 – Ben Braun (Cal), (7-7)<br> 6 – Steve Alford (UCLA), (6-3)<br> 6 – Tim Floyd (USC), (6-3)<br> 6 – Johnny Dawkins (Stanford), (6-8)<br> 6 – Larry Krystkowiak (Utah), (6-7)<br> 4 – Henry Bibby (USC), (4-3)<br> 4\",\n \"title\": \"Pac-12 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19523634\",\n \"text\": \"Brian Boyer Brian Boyer (born October 24, 1969) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of the women’s basketball team at Arkansas State University. Boyer has been the head coach at A-State for 19 years and has compiled an overall record of 321-269 and has won more games than any coach (men’s or women’s) in the school’s history. Boyer was born in Memphis, Missouri, a small farming community in the Northern part of the state. He attended Missouri Western where he earned a bachelor's degree in Physical Education in 1993. Upon arriving at Missouri Western as\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Boyer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17347610\",\n \"text\": \"Dedrique Taylor Dedrique LaMonte Taylor (born May 1, 1974) is the current college basketball head coach for Cal State Fullerton. He is also a former Arizona State associate head men's basketball coach and a college assistant coach. Taylor began his coaching career in 2000 at UC Davis. In 2001, he became strength and conditioning coach at Loyola Marymount. From 2002 to 2004, he was an assistant coach at Portland State, followed by two years at Nevada as assistant coach from 2002 to 2004. Taylor was an assistant coach for Arizona State University from 2006 to 2013. In 2010, he was\",\n \"title\": \"Dedrique Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20440391\",\n \"text\": \"head coach Tim Floyd announced that he was retiring effective immediately. The school had previously announced a new athletic director, Jim Senter, a week prior, but Floyd said that had nothing to do with his decision. Assistant Phil Johnson was named interim head coach of the Miners the next day. On March 12, 2018, the school hired Fresno State head coach Rodney Terry as the new head coach of the Miners. The Miners finished the 2016–17 season 15–17, 12–6 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for third place. In the C-USA Tournament, they defeated Rice in the quarterfinals\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 UTEP Miners men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20625685\",\n \"text\": \"others to influence student-athletes to retain their services and in turn used those payments to secure recruits. Following the news, Richardson was suspended and relieved of all duties. On January 11, 2018, UA fired assistant basketball coach Book Richardson after his appeal failed. On February 23, 2018, according to a published report by ESPN, an FBI wiretap revealed that head coach Sean Miller talked with Christian Dawkins (another key figure in the scandal) to discuss paying their top prospect, Deandre Ayton, $100,000 to commit to Arizona, with the monetary situation being dealt with directly with him. While Miller would not\",\n \"title\": \"2018–19 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6083780\",\n \"text\": \"2018, Colorado State placed Eustachy on administrative leave and promoted associate head coach Steve Barnes to interim head coach pending the completion of another inquiry into Eustachy's behavior. Colorado State confirmed the existence of that second investigation three days earlier on January 31; Eustachy resigned on Larry Eustachy Larry Robert Eustachy (born December 1, 1955) is an American college basketball coach, most recently the head coach of the Colorado State Rams He was previously the head coach at Idaho and Eustachy was the AP Coach of the Year in 2000 after leading Iowa State to the Elite Eight in the\",\n \"title\": \"Larry Eustachy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18536\",\n \"text\": \"Association All-Star James Harden, and 2011 NFL Defensive Player of the Year Terrell Suggs. ASU alumni enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame include: Curley Culp, Mike Haynes, John Henry Johnson, Randall McDaniel, and Charley Taylor. Other notable athletes that attended ASU are: Major League Baseball All-Stars Dustin Pedroia, Sal Bando, and Paul Lo Duca; National Basketball Association All-Stars Lionel Hollins and Fat Lever, and NBA All-Star coach Byron Scott; National Football League Pro Bowl selections Jake Plummer and Danny White, as well as current Miami Dolphins quarterback Brock Osweiler; and three-time Olympic gold medalist swimmers Melissa Belote and\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20611396\",\n \"text\": \"Danny Gonzales Danny Gonzales is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the defensive coordinator at Arizona State University. Prior to 2018, Gonzales had spent his entire college coaching career on Rocky Long’s staffs at the University of New Mexico and San Diego State University. Following Gonzales’s playing career, he joined the staff at New Mexico as a graduate assistant from 1999–2002. He then served as the teams video coordinator from 2003–2005. He was then promoted to a full-time assistant, coaching the teams safeties, kickers, punters, and long snappers from 2006–2008. In 2011, Gonzales joined Rocky Long’s\",\n \"title\": \"Danny Gonzales\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13889259\",\n \"text\": \"Charli Turner Thorne Charli Turner Thorne (born March 10, 1966) is the Arizona State Sun Devils head women's basketball coach. She is the winningest Sun Devil coach since the team was established (343-208) and, in 2009, stood as No. 4 in the Pac-10/Pac-12 in terms of most career wins. Turner Thorne studied psychology at Stanford University where she played basketball under Tara VanDerveer. She graduated in 1988 with a bachelor's degree and later studied for a master's degree in education at the University of Washington, graduating in 1990. She is married to Will Thorne and they have three children. Turner\",\n \"title\": \"Charli Turner Thorne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3104062\",\n \"text\": \"Stars Mike Modano and Marty Turco. On July 18, 2014, Recchi was hired as the Pittsburgh Penguins' player development coach. He was a part of the 2016 and 2017 Stanley Cup champion teams. He was subsequently promoted to director of player development on June 15, 2017. He was named the assistant coach on July 11, 2017, following the departure of Rick Tocchet, who was named the head coach of the Arizona Coyotes. Recchi's fathers name is Mel, his mother is named Ruth, and he has three brothers: Marty, Mike and Matt. Recchi married Kim Lazur on August 20, 2016, and\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Recchi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7482708\",\n \"text\": \"the Sun Devils. He was replaced by coach Todd Graham on December 14, 2011. Lisa Love was fired from her position as Vice President for University Athletics and Athletics Director on March 28, 2012 and was immediately replaced by Steve Patterson. Notable football alumni include Terrell Suggs, Jim Jeffcoat, Mike Pagel, Jake Plummer, Todd Heap, J.R. Redmond, Danny White, Randall McDaniel, David Fulcher, Darren Woodson, Pat Tillman, Eric Allen, Zach Miller, Shaun McDonald, John Jefferson, Paul Justin, Jimmy Verdon, Mike Haynes, Al Harris, Vontaze Burfict and Ryan Torain. The Arizona State Sun Devils have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 13\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona State Sun Devils\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10152987\",\n \"text\": \"Dave Loos David Henry Loos (born March 5, 1947) is a retired American college basketball coach who most recently served as head coach of the men's team at Austin Peay State University, where he is also a former athletic director. He was head coach from 1990 until retiring at the end of the 2016–17 season. On April 2, 2013, Loos announced that he would relinquish his position as director of athletics to focus solely on coaching basketball. Derek van der Merwe was announced as the successor to Loos on June 5, 2013. On March 5, 2016 the Loos-coached Governors won\",\n \"title\": \"Dave Loos\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9857898\",\n \"text\": \"team. He was terminated from that job after being on medical leave. Hobbs is married to Barbara \\\"Skeet\\\" Fleet Hobbs and they have two grown children, Heather and David, Jr. David Hobbs (basketball) David A. Hobbs (born April 25, 1949) is an American basketball coach. Hobbs currently serves as a special assistant to Iowa State's head coach Steve Prohm. He was the men's head coach at the University of Alabama from 1992 to 1998 and also was an assistant coach at Alabama, the University of Kentucky and Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). Hobbs was born in Lynchburg, Virginia. He lettered his\",\n \"title\": \"David Hobbs (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20026942\",\n \"text\": \"$100,000 to commit to Arizona, with the monetary situation being dealt with directly with him. While Miller would not coach their next game that day against Oregon, Arizona allowed Ayton to play. Coach Sean Miller subsequently denied the allegation and the University of Arizona announced he will remain the coach of Arizona Wildcats men’s basketball team, with Ayton also allowed to continue playing with the team for the rest of the season. However, as a consequence of the report involving Ayton, both of Arizona's remaining committed recruits from the class of 2018, Shareef O'Neal and Brandon Williams, announced they had\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20272802\",\n \"text\": \"the 2000–01 campaign while Olson took a leave of absence. Arizona was 28–8 overall and 15–3 in Pac-10 play that season. O'Neill served as interim head coach while Olson missed the season due to a leave of absenc. + Pennell served as interim head coach following Olson's retirement in October 200. † – Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches The following is a list of Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches. The Wildcats have had 17 coaches in their 113-season history. One Arizona coach has been enshrined in the Naismith Memorial\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona Wildcats men's basketball head coaches\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20229908\",\n \"text\": \"tournament. On March 12, 2018, head coach Rodney Terry left Fresno State to become head coach at UTEP. He finished at Fresno State with a seven-year record of 126–108. On April 5, it was announced that the school had hired San Diego State assistant coach Justin Hutson as head coach. The Bulldogs finished the season 20–13 overall; and 11–7 in the conference. During the season, Fresno State was invited and participated in the Mountain West–Missouri Valley Challenge, where they defeated Drake in Des Moines, Iowa. In the postseason, Fresno State won against New Mexico but lost to Nevada in the\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Fresno State Bulldogs men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13889264\",\n \"text\": \"Coaches Association's (WBCA) Executive Committee. For the 2011–12 basketball season, Turner Thorne took a leave of absence from her coaching duties and returned for the 2012–13 season. Charli Turner Thorne Charli Turner Thorne (born March 10, 1966) is the Arizona State Sun Devils head women's basketball coach. She is the winningest Sun Devil coach since the team was established (343-208) and, in 2009, stood as No. 4 in the Pac-10/Pac-12 in terms of most career wins. Turner Thorne studied psychology at Stanford University where she played basketball under Tara VanDerveer. She graduated in 1988 with a bachelor's degree and later\",\n \"title\": \"Charli Turner Thorne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19340044\",\n \"text\": \"Olson amassed a 43-6 record in 25 seasons against his rival. Current Arizona head coach Sean Miller is 14-4 all-time against ASU. Arizona State head coach Bobby Hurley is 0-6 all-time against Arizona. The Arizona–Arizona State rivalry has been known for streaks. In the first major streak of the series, Arizona won 9 straight over the Sun Devils from 1913 to 1926. Arizona has the longest winning streak of the series, 17 games, from 1945 to 1952. The streak was broken by Arizona State in 1952. Arizona State's longest streak was 15 games from 1958 to 1965. Arizona currently has\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona–Arizona State men's basketball rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11905268\",\n \"text\": \"Derek Kellogg Derek Wolfgang Kellogg (born June 20, 1973) is an American college basketball coach, currently the head men's basketball coach at LIU Brooklyn. He was previously head coach of the men's basketball team at his alma mater, the University of Massachusetts, being named to the position on April 23, 2008, replacing Travis Ford, who left to take the head coaching job at Oklahoma State University. He was removed from the position on March 9, 2017. Kellogg attended Cathedral High School in Springfield and the University of Massachusetts. He played point guard for the UMass Minutemen from 1991 to 1995\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Kellogg\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19834080\",\n \"text\": \"would not return as head coach. Williams finished his 19-year career at the school as the school's all-time winningest coach with a record of 313–230. On March 30, it was announced that Arizona associate head coach and former New Orleans head coach Joe Pasternack had been hired as the next head coach. The Gauchos finished the 2015–16 season 19–14, 11–5 in Big West play to finish in fourth place. They defeated UC Davis in the Big West Tournament losing to Hawaii in the semifinals. They were invited to the inaugural Vegas 16 Tournament, which only had eight teams, where they\",\n \"title\": \"2016–17 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19824188\",\n \"text\": \"the Foster Farms Bowl where they faced Purdue, losing 35–38. Rich Rodriguez was fired after 6 seasons with Arizona. After Rich Rodriguez was fired, Kevin Sumlin was named the Wildcats' new full-time head coach on January 14th, 2018. After starting the season 2–1 (the sole victory coming against FCS Grambling State and Hawaii, then lose to BYU). Under Rodriguez, extending back to the 2012 season, the Wildcats had lost 8 consecutive games to FBS opponents, their last victory coming nearly a year earlier on September 17, 2016, against Hawaii, leading the team to a record of 3–9 (1–8 Pac-12) on\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Arizona Wildcats football team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20904475\",\n \"text\": \"on the season, head coach Tim Floyd announced that he was retiring effective immediately. The school had previously announced a new athletic director, Jim Senter, a week prior, but Floyd said that had nothing to do with his decision. Assistant Phil Johnson was named interim head coach of the Miners the next day. On March 12, 2018, the school hired Fresno State head coach Rodney Terry as the new head coach of the Miners. !colspan=9 style=|Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Conference USA regular season !colspan=9 style=| Conference USA Tournament Source 2018–19 UTEP Miners men's basketball team The 2018–19 UTEP Miners\",\n \"title\": \"2018–19 UTEP Miners men's basketball team\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the coach of arizona state men's basketball"}}},{"rowIdx":78,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Suzanne Siegel"],"string":"[\n \"Suzanne Siegel\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"12286897","text":"I Want to Work for Diddy (season 1) I Want To Work For Diddy was a reality show on VH1. Co-executive produced and directed by Mark Jacobs, the 13 contestants are brought together to see who can become Sean Combs' assistant. The show premiered on August 4, 2008. In the end, Suzanne Siegel was chosen to be his assistant and Mike Barber was hired in an undisclosed role. \"First aired August 4, 2008 \"First aired August 11, 2008 \"First aired August 18, 2008 \"First aired August 25, 2008 \"First aired September 1, 2008 \"First aired September 8, 2008 \"First aired","title":"I Want to Work for Diddy (season 1)"},{"id":"13958985","text":"I Want to Work for Diddy 2 I Want to Work for Diddy 2 is a reality show on VH1. It is the second season of \"I Want to Work for Diddy\", where contestants are brought together to see who can become Sean Combs' personal assistant. Mark Jacobs is the show's co-executive producer and director. \"I Want to Work for Diddy 2\" premiered on November 2, 2009. In the end, Ebony Jones was chosen to be his assistant. In Episodes 1,3,5 & 7 Ivory used her infamous catch phrase \"manwhich a bitch\" a phrase that caught on with fans instantly.","title":"I Want to Work for Diddy 2"},{"id":"12286898","text":"September 15, 2008 \"First aired September 22, 2008 \"First aired September 29, 2008 \"First aired October 6, 2008 A second season of \"I Want to Work for Diddy\" was confirmed by VH1. The second season premiered on November 2, 2009. I Want to Work for Diddy (season 1) I Want To Work For Diddy was a reality show on VH1. Co-executive produced and directed by Mark Jacobs, the 13 contestants are brought together to see who can become Sean Combs' assistant. The show premiered on August 4, 2008. In the end, Suzanne Siegel was chosen to be his assistant and","title":"I Want to Work for Diddy (season 1)"},{"id":"11583078","text":"produced, and scored the film. Addams takes the role of Ava, and James plays the role of Joyce. At the 20th GLAAD Media Awards in May 2009, \"Transamerican Love Story\" tied with \"I Want to Work for Diddy\" for the GLAAD Media Award in the \"Outstanding Reality Program\" category. Calpernia Addams and Laverne Cox were at the awards ceremony in San Francisco to accept the honors for the respective shows. Also in attendance was \"Transamerican Love Story\" finalist Jim Howley. He reports that when \"Transamerican Love Story\" won, he impulsively ran past the security personnel and onto the stage. After","title":"Transamerican Love Story"},{"id":"12054363","text":"Nude Comedy • (Showtime)<BR> Diddy’s Making His Band • (MTV)<BR> Late Night w/Jimmy Kimmel • (ABC)<BR> Celebracadabra • (VH1) • Theme Song<BR> Snoop Dogg’s Father Hood • (E!)<BR> I Want To Work For Diddy • (VH1)<BR> LA Ink • (TLC)<BR> Fox Sports Network<BR> My Super Sweet 16 • (MTV)<BR> 20 Greatest Celebreality Fights • (VH1)<BR> What Not To Wear • (TLC/Discovery)<BR> Exposed • (MTV Networks)<BR> Next • (MTV Networks)<BR> Dirt • (FX Networks)<BR> Commercial Promos (selected credits): AVP Nivea Tour Hermosa Beach • (KTLA)<BR> Worst Cooks In America (Season Finale) • (Food Network)<BR> NBA Lakers (Wingstop Promo) • (KCAL 9)<BR>","title":"Casey Dunmore"},{"id":"13958986","text":"\"First aired November 2, 2009 \"First aired November 9, 2009 \"First aired November 16, 2009 \"First aired November 23, 2009 \"First aired November 30, 2009 \"First aired December 7, 2009\" \"First aired December 14, 2009\" \"First aired December 21, 2009\" \"First aired December 28, 2009\" \"First aired January 4, 2010\" I Want to Work for Diddy 2 I Want to Work for Diddy 2 is a reality show on VH1. It is the second season of \"I Want to Work for Diddy\", where contestants are brought together to see who can become Sean Combs' personal assistant. Mark Jacobs is the","title":"I Want to Work for Diddy 2"},{"id":"19108643","text":"single \"I'm So Hood\" Platinum on June 4, 2008. That year, Khaled won DJ of the Year awards from the BET Hip Hop Awards and Ozone Awards. He was appointed the president of Def Jam South in 2009. His fourth studio album \"Victory\" was released on March 2, 2010. The album featured guest appearances from Drake, Lil Wayne, Rick Ross, Nas, Snoop Dogg, Ludacris, Nelly, and more. The single \"All I Do Is Win\" featuring Ludacris, Rick Ross, Snoop Dogg, and T-Pain was certified as a double-platinum single. Other singles include: \"Put Your Hands Up\" featuring Ross, Young Jeezy, Plies,","title":"DJ Khaled"},{"id":"8731813","text":"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner","title":"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award"},{"id":"19265927","text":"it a hybrid trap-inspired beat . The remix was released via soundcloud on Yultron's page. The song is featured in the pilot episode of \"The Mayor.\" Credits adapted from Rihanna's official website. Work (Rihanna song) \"Work\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her eighth studio album, \"Anti\" (2016), featuring Canadian rapper Drake, the song was released as the lead single from \"Anti\" on January 27, 2016 through Westbury Road and Roc Nation. The song was written by PartyNextDoor, Drake, Monte Moir, Rupert \"Sevn\" Thomas, Allen Ritter and Matthew Samuels, and was produced by Boi-1da, Sevn Thomas, Ritter,","title":"Work (Rihanna song)"},{"id":"1346586","text":"In March 2008 the \"Los Angeles Times\" claimed that The Notorious B.I.G. and Combs orchestrated the 1994 robbery and shooting of Tupac, substantiating the claim with supposed FBI documents; the newspaper later retracted the story, acknowledging that the documents had been fabricated. Dexter Isaac, an associate of record management executive Jimmy Henchman, confessed in 2012 that he shot Tupac on Henchman's orders. In June 2008 Combs' representative denied rumors of another name change. Combs ventured into reality television in August 2008 with the premiere of his VH1 series \"I Want to Work for Diddy\". After the season finale of \"Making","title":"Sean Combs"},{"id":"11263489","text":"Work That (Mary J. Blige song) \"Work That\" is a song by American recording artist Mary J. Blige. It was written by Blige, Sean Garrett, and Theron Feemster, featuring production by the latter, for her eighth studio album, \"Growing Pains\" (2007). Released as the album's second single, the track was to Urban radio stations in December 2007. A remix featuring Busta Rhymes was also released to radio. When it was available as a digital download, the single was still not officially released, but did eventually reach number 65 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Work That\" was featured in an","title":"Work That (Mary J. Blige song)"},{"id":"7809062","text":"Like Me Now\" was certified platinum). The album spawned four charted singles: \"Let's Go\", \"All Night Long\", \"I Go to Work\", and \"They Want Money\". \"They Want Money\" went the most successful single of the effort, peaking at #3 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, #2 on the Hot Rap Songs and #91 on the UK Singles Chart. \"I Go to Work\" peaked at #13 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #5 on the Hot Rap Songs. \"All Night Long\" peaked at #70 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and \"Let's Go\", a diss track towards Kool Moe Dee's foe LL Cool","title":"Knowledge Is King"},{"id":"14251508","text":"All I Do Is Win \"All I Do Is Win\" is a song from DJ Khaled's fourth studio album \"Victory\" (2010). It was the second single from the album. The track features American rappers T-Pain, Ludacris, Snoop Dogg and Rick Ross. It was released on February 8, 2010, along with \"Put Your Hands Up\". The single was certified 3× Platinum by the RIAA. It was the only \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charting single from the album. The music video debuted on BET's \"106 and Park\" on March 3, 2010, along with the video for \"Put Your Hands Up\". It pictures DJ","title":"All I Do Is Win"},{"id":"8732636","text":"favour of the drums (apparently based on Buckingham's own experience in music classes as a boy). Together, the book and the film series became the basis of a TMBC workshop called Simply Strengths. TMBC was acquired by ADP, LLC in January 2017 (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/adp-acquires-marcus-buckingham-company-140000022.html) In addition to the self-published short film series \"Trombone Player Wanted\", Buckingham has made numerous television appearances as himself, on US television networks and cable channels including \"The View\" on ABC, \"I Want to Work for Diddy\" on VH1, \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\" on syndication, \"Good Morning America\" on ABC, \"The Today Show\" on NBC, \"Larry King","title":"Marcus Buckingham"},{"id":"17159222","text":"felt the song \"remains one of [Azalea's] finest moments\". In 2015, \"NME\" ranked \"Work\" third in their list of Azalea's best songs, behind \"Fancy\" and \"1 800 Bone\". Commercially, \"Work\" was a sleeper hit and Azalea's breakthrough into mainstream success. In Australia, the song bowed at number 88 on the ARIA Singles Chart issued for 23 April 2013, but re-entered more than a year later to peak at number 79 for the chart dated 9 June 2014. The track was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for selling 35,000 copies; it became one of the lowest peaking","title":"Work (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"11263490","text":"iTunes commercial. Work That (Mary J. Blige song) \"Work That\" is a song by American recording artist Mary J. Blige. It was written by Blige, Sean Garrett, and Theron Feemster, featuring production by the latter, for her eighth studio album, \"Growing Pains\" (2007). Released as the album's second single, the track was to Urban radio stations in December 2007. A remix featuring Busta Rhymes was also released to radio. When it was available as a digital download, the single was still not officially released, but did eventually reach number 65 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Work That\" was featured","title":"Work That (Mary J. Blige song)"},{"id":"13365140","text":"Work (Ciara song) \"Work\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Ciara for her third studio album \"Fantasy Ride\" (2009). It was released by LaFace Records on July 24, 2009, as the album's fifth and final single. Rapper Missy Elliott provides featured vocals on the song. Ciara and Elliott wrote it in collaboration with its producers Nate \"Danja\" Hills and Marcella Araica. \"Work\" is a fast-paced electropop and dance song with elements of house and hip hop. Ciara described it as an energetic club track, and considered it initially as the lead single of \"Fantasy Ride\". \"Work\" received mixed","title":"Work (Ciara song)"},{"id":"13868404","text":"successful single at the time. On March 2, 2010, the music video was released for \"All I Do Is Win\" featuring T-Pain, Ludacris, Rick Ross and Snoop Dogg. On June 28, 2010, the music video was released for the \"All I Do Is Win\" (Remix) featuring T-Pain, Diddy, Nicki Minaj, Busta Rhymes, Rick Ross, Fabolous, Jadakiss, Fat Joe and Swizz Beatz. Upon its release, \"On My Way\" featuring Kevin Cossom, Bali, Ace Hood, BallGreezy, Iceberg, Rum, Desloc, Triple C's member Gunplay, and Young Cash, also charted at number 16 on the US \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. The","title":"Victory (DJ Khaled album)"},{"id":"8408443","text":"Work for the Dole Work for the Dole is an Australian federal government program that is a form of workfare, work-based welfare. It was first permanently enacted in 1998, having been trialed in 1997. It is one means by which job seekers can satisfy what the government calls \"mutual obligation requirements\". Other \"mutual obligation\" measures are accredited study, part-time work, Army Reserves and volunteer work. \"Work for the Dole\" continues as of 2018. Under the Howard Government the scheme was compulsory and targeted the long-term unemployed. Shortly after the Rudd Government was formed it became voluntary. From 1 July 2015,","title":"Work for the Dole"},{"id":"20724614","text":"assistant editor Mike Vass who rounded out the post-production crew. \"The Work\" premiered at South by Southwest on March 11, 2017, and won the Grand Jury Prize for Best Documentary Feature. The award was voted on by journalist Eugene Hernandez, film critic Ann Hornaday, and reporter Eric Hynes. The film's North American distribution rights were acquired by The Orchard and First Look Media's entertainment studio Topic on April 7, 2017, with The Orchard handling the film's theatrical distribution. The film opened in New York City theaters on October 20, 2017, and in Los Angeles on October 27. \"The Work\" received","title":"The Work (film)"},{"id":"19265903","text":"producer. Drake's vocals were recorded by Noel Cadastre and Noah \"40\" Shebib at the Sandra Gale Studios in California and the SOTA Studios in Toronto. The vocal recording was assisted by Thomas Warren, while additional vocals were provided by PartyNextDoor. Manny Marroquin mixed \"Work\" at the Larrabee Studios, while Noel \"Gadget\" Campbell and Shebib did the mixing at the Studio 360 and SOTA Studios in Toronto. The mastering was done by Chris Gehringer at the Sterling Sound in New York City. \"Work\" marks the third collaboration between Rihanna and Drake, following \"What's My Name?\" in 2010 and \"Take Care\" in","title":"Work (Rihanna song)"},{"id":"19265895","text":"Work (Rihanna song) \"Work\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her eighth studio album, \"Anti\" (2016), featuring Canadian rapper Drake, the song was released as the lead single from \"Anti\" on January 27, 2016 through Westbury Road and Roc Nation. The song was written by PartyNextDoor, Drake, Monte Moir, Rupert \"Sevn\" Thomas, Allen Ritter and Matthew Samuels, and was produced by Boi-1da, Sevn Thomas, Ritter, Kuk Harrell and Noah \"40\" Shebib. The dancehall, reggae-pop and R&B song, contains an interpolation of \"If You Were Here Tonight\" (1985) performed by Alexander O'Neal. Lyrically, the song incorporates themes of","title":"Work (Rihanna song)"},{"id":"10823375","text":"Work (Jimmy Eat World song) \"Work\" is a song by Jimmy Eat World from their 2004 album, \"Futures\". It was the second single released from that album. The song was written by Jim Adkins and features backing vocals by Liz Phair. \"Work\" was released to radio on December 7, 2004. \"Work\" received positive reviews from critics, and it appeared on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart and the UK Singles Chart. A music video was released for the song; it featured interviews with high school students. Since the song's release, Jimmy Eat World have included it in their live performances. \"Work\"","title":"Work (Jimmy Eat World song)"},{"id":"11815960","text":"and Taiwan, where it reached number one. The song was nominated at the 52nd Grammy Awards for \"Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals\". \"Work\", which features Missy Elliott, was released as the second international single on July 24, 2009, and reached the top forty in Ireland and top fifty in Sweden. \"Go Girl\", which features T-Pain, was released as the album's lead single. However, it was only included on the album version in Japan. The single reached number seventy-eight in the United States, and charted on the US R&B chart at number twenty-six and on the US Pop chart at number","title":"Fantasy Ride"},{"id":"14791982","text":"Jamie Scott was crowned victor. The other two finalists were Brian McLeish and Sven-Hanson Britt. Series 8 began airing on 10 November 2015. It was won by Mark Stinchcombe. Series 9 began airing on 8 November 2016. Scottish chef and college lecturer Gary Maclean was crowned the winner. Series 10 began airing on 7 November 2017. In the final, aired on 21 December 2017, Craig Johnston was crowned champion. The other two finalists were Louisa Ellis and Steven Lickley. Series 11 began airing on 6 November 2018. Legend: MasterChef: The Professionals MasterChef: The Professionals is a BBC television competitive cooking","title":"MasterChef: The Professionals"},{"id":"7428239","text":"Working for the Weekend \"Working for the Weekend\" is a song by Canadian rock band Loverboy, from their second studio album \"Get Lucky\" (1981). It was written by guitarist Paul Dean, vocalist Mike Reno and drummer Matt Frenette, and produced by Bruce Fairbairn and Dean, and released as the lead single from the album in October 1981. It has more of a power pop feel than the other band's other songs, but this new sound proved to generate success; the song reached number 29 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number two on \"Billboard\"s Mainstream Rock chart in","title":"Working for the Weekend"},{"id":"19265915","text":"nine on the Hot 100. \"Work\" launched at number 27 on the US Radio Songs chart with 44 million audience impressions and it is her highest debut. The song was most successful on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart where it debuted atop of it, becoming Rihanna's fifth chart-topper and Drake's fourteenth. The following week, \"Work\" sold an additional 156,000 copies and moved to number 7 on the Hot 100 chart. In its third week, \"Work\" reached number four on the Hot 100 chart and became Rihanna's 20th top-five hit, tying her with Michael Jackson and Stevie Wonder as the artists","title":"Work (Rihanna song)"},{"id":"6550440","text":"Work It (Missy Elliott song) \"Work It\" is a hip hop song written by American rapper Missy Elliott and her producer Tim \"Timbaland\" Mosley for Elliott's fourth studio album \"Under Construction\" (2002). The song's musical style, and production by Timbaland, were heavily inspired by old school hip hop from the early 1980s, and includes a portion which samples Run-D.M.C.'s \"Peter Piper\". The beginning of the song samples Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three's \"Request Line\". Released as the album's first single in September 2002, the track reached the number two position on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Missy","title":"Work It (Missy Elliott song)"},{"id":"8579836","text":"Over the years, the song has got more success courtesy to various cover versions Work to Do \"Work to Do\" is a 1972 funk song by The Isley Brothers, released on their T-Neck imprint. The song, written and produced by the group, was issued on their 1972 album, \"Brother, Brother, Brother\", and charted at #51 pop and #11 R&B upon its initial charting. Lyrically, the song explicates a troubled situation between a man and his girlfriend/wife, concerning the lack of quality time spent with each other. The man pleads that as much as he cannot wait to get home and","title":"Work to Do"},{"id":"547260","text":"by Perez at his swearing-in ceremony, \"Boiled down to its essence, the Department of Labor is the department of opportunity.\" In the latest Center for Effective Government analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the most Freedom of Information Act (United States) (FOIA) requests, published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data, the most recent years available), the Labor Department earned a D by scoring 63 out of a possible 100 points, i.e. did not earn a satisfactory overall grade. United States Department of Labor The United States Department of Labor (DOL) is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal","title":"United States Department of Labor"},{"id":"14251518","text":"2011, and 3× Platinum on 19 June 2015. The song re-entered the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in May 2014 at No. 23. As of May 2014, the song has sold over 3 million copies in the US. The song debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 chart at No. 69 for the chart date of March 6, 2010. All I Do Is Win \"All I Do Is Win\" is a song from DJ Khaled's fourth studio album \"Victory\" (2010). It was the second single from the album. The track features American rappers T-Pain, Ludacris, Snoop Dogg and Rick Ross. It was","title":"All I Do Is Win"},{"id":"7969015","text":"Semi-final stage of the reality show when she performed against Leah McFall for the public vote. Will.i.am used the opportunity to dispel such rumours by telling Higgins live on television, \"You are an amazing artist. I would love to work with you\". Higgins has two children, Chika Li Ché who was born in September 2001 and Taylor James McKenzie (TJ), with her former partner, Marlon Mckenzie who has appeared on \"The X Factor\". She also appeared on the voice UK. Cleo Higgins Cleopatra Madonna Higgins, better known mononymously as Cleo, is a British R&B/soul/pop singer, dancer, songwriter and actress based","title":"Cleo Higgins"},{"id":"11360033","text":"Syco Music Syco Music, also known as Syco Records and formerly known as S Records, is a British record label founded by British music mogul Simon Cowell. It is a subsidiary of Cowell's Syco. Syco Music has offices in London and Los Angeles and is home to several artists. Syco has the exclusive right to sign winners and finalists of \"The X Factor\" and \"Got Talent\". Susan Boyle's debut album, \"I Dreamed a Dream\", has sold over 9 million copies, making it one of the best selling releases of the last decade and Syco's most successful release to date. Between","title":"Syco Music"},{"id":"12025213","text":"were Errol Batts and Jesse Tillman. His first and biggest hit was 1965's \"I Can't Work No Longer\", which reached #6 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart and #60 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The group disbanded in 1966, and after a minor solo hit with \"The Right Track\" he left Okeh. \"The Right Track\" is placed at number 11 in the Northern Soul Top 500 He later formed a new group, Infinity, with Batts, Larry Wade and Phyllis Knox. They had three minor R&B hits: \"Get on the Case\" (#41 R&B, Fountain Records, 1969), \"I Don't Want To","title":"Billy Butler (singer)"},{"id":"9795050","text":"Association of America. All tracks are produced by Mannie Fresh I Got That Work I Got That Work is the third studio album by American hip hop duo Big Tymers. It was released May 16, 2000, by Cash Money Records and Universal Records. The album features the singles, \"Get Your Roll On\" and \"#1 Stunna\", which was also featured on \"The Original Kings of Comedy\" soundtrack. A music video was made for the song \"10 Wayz\". \"I Got That Work\" debuted at #3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 with first-week sales of 187,000 copies in the US. The album received a","title":"I Got That Work"},{"id":"10399637","text":"\"The Office\" on the episode \"The Fight\". The lyrics are changed to \"I don't want to work, I just wanna bang on this mug all day\". The song was also featured in commercials for Carnival Cruise Line. Bang the Drum All Day \"Bang the Drum All Day\" is a 1983 song by Todd Rundgren. The lyrics describe, in the first person, the singer's drive to \"bang on the drum all day\" to the exclusion of everything else. All the instruments on this track are performed by Rundgren. The song has become popular as an anti-work anthem or anthem of celebration.","title":"Bang the Drum All Day"},{"id":"17159238","text":"how to work it\". Jessie Schiewe of \"Respect.\" complimented the video for revolving around Azalea and paying homage to the song's lyrical story, and praised the rapper's lap dancing scene. Kyle Anderson of \"Entertainment Weekly\" felt the video evoked the 1991 film \"Thelma & Louise\" and commended Azalea's \"full run of frame-grab-worthy outfits\". The music video has received over 280 million views on YouTube as of November 2017. Azalea first performed \"Work\" during the Manchester-stop of Rita Ora's Radioactive Tour on 29 January 2013. She reprised the song until the tour's final date in mid-February, before performing it again during","title":"Work (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"1525400","text":"Under Construction. The lead single, \"Work It\" reached #2 on \"Billboard\"s Hot 100 chart and won the \"Video of the Year\" award at MTV's Video Music Awards. The second single, \"Gossip Folks\" featuring Ludacris, became a Top 10 hit on \"Billboard\"s Hot 100 chart, was one of the most-played music videos on MTV, MTV2, MTV Jams, and BET in 2003 and was embraced by the dance community, as well as the mainstream, due to a Fatboy Slim remix. A third single was never released, though a video was shot for \"Back In The Day\" featuring Jay-Z and Elliott was set","title":"Missy Elliott"},{"id":"15840890","text":"coworkers at Coreco are Kristin, a clingy divorced mother who instantly took a shine to Lee; Kelly, who is far more apt to cavort with men and indulge in drink than to do her job; Grace, the condescending regional sales leader; and Vanessa, the boss, whom the workers wrongly assume is a lesbian, and whom Angel immediately becomes enamored with. In addition to the women at work, the guys have to hide their secret identities from Lee's wife Connie, a nurse who works in a doctor's office; his teenaged daughter Kat; and Connie's brother Brian, who was laid off along","title":"Work It (TV series)"},{"id":"19265896","text":"working for money, as well as discussing fragile relationships. The song is in the Jamaican Patois language and three of its writer-producers: Rupert “Sevn” Thomas, Matthew 'Boi-1da' Samuels, and Jahron 'PartyNextDoor' Brathwaite, are Jamaican-Canadians. Critical response to \"Work\" was mixed; critics praised its composition and Rihanna's decision to return to her earlier themes of dancehall music, while others were more skeptical of the song's potential as a comeback for the singer. It was nominated for two awards at the 59th Grammy Awards: Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, and has been included on several year-end lists. The","title":"Work (Rihanna song)"},{"id":"17159215","text":"Jacob Plant and Burns—was then made available on 7 April 2013. In the United States, the song impacted rhythmic contemporary radio on 25 June 2013. An official remix featuring American rapper Wale was premiered by Samsung on 28 June 2013. In the remix, Wale performs a 16-bar rap in place of Azalea's second verse in the song. The remix was well received by reviewers from Idolator, \"Rap-Up\", The Line of Best Fit, and \"XXL\". A 13-track remix bundle and the Wale remix was then released in the United States on 16 and 23 July 2013 respectively. \"Work\" received universal acclaim","title":"Work (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"17159201","text":"Mullumbimby, New South Wales to Miami, Florida at age 16. In sequence with its lyrical story, the snap and trap track begins with a sad-stringed verse segment before significantly increasing in tempo at its drum and synth-heavy refrain. A number of music critics consider the song to be among Azalea's best output, namely praising her flow and the depth of the lyrical content. Commercially, \"Work\" became a sleeper hit; it peaked at number 17 on the UK Singles Chart and number 54 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, but was certified silver and platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI)","title":"Work (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"20306444","text":"A Little Work \"A Little Work\" is a song recorded by American singer Fergie for her second solo studio album, \"Double Dutchess\" (2017). The song was released as the album's fifth single, and distributed to contemporary hit radio on November 14 in the United States by Dutchess Music and BMG Rights Management. An accompanying music video, directed by Jonas Åkerlund, was released alongside the album. Fergie first performed the song live on \"The Today Show\" on September 22, 2017 at the launch of Double Dutchess. After the song was chosen as a single, it was promoted on \"The Talk\" on","title":"A Little Work"},{"id":"14251509","text":"Khaled with his BET Awards and is filmed mostly against a green screen, also featuring a scene of his appearance at the 2008 BET Hip-Hop Awards show accepting an award for his song \"I'm So Hood (Remix)\". A video for the official remix was shot in Florida. The video was directed by Dayo & Gil Green. Photos of the shoot were also leaked online. The video features cameos from Nicki Minaj, Fabolous, Fat Joe, Jadakiss, Puff Daddy, Ace Hood, Cam'Ron and Busta Rhymes. A behind-the-scenes video was released on June 2, 2010. The remix's music video was released on June","title":"All I Do Is Win"},{"id":"17159205","text":"not fit into a song on its own. Azalea wrote the song with The Invisible Men, Trocon Markous Roberts and Natalie Sims. Sims stated that she, FKi, and Azalea had initially met back in 2008, but lost touch when Azalea moved to Los Angeles. The track specifically drew inspiration from a period when Azalea suffered from depression, and dropped out of high school to become a domestic worker with her mother. Azalea saved money for a flight ticket to Miami and left Mullumbimby, New South Wales before she turned 16—an event referenced in the song's lyric \"No money / No","title":"Work (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"16495356","text":"Chamber of Diaries Chamber of Diaries is the debut solo mixtape by American R&B artist Kalenna Harper, previously of Diddy Dirty Money fame, released on June 13, 2012. The mixtape's lead single, \"Go to Work\", was released on March 15, 2012. Before going solo, Harper was a member of the R&B trio Diddy Dirty Money before they split in 2011. They released their debut album \"Last Train to Paris\" in 2010. The album follows Diddy's alter-ego as he travels from London to Paris to regain a lost love. It also introduces the world to Diddy's R&B/Hip-Hop collective, Dirty Money, a","title":"Chamber of Diaries"},{"id":"19265913","text":"the Year at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards.\"Work\" won the awards for \"R&B Song of the Year\" and \"Best Collaboration\" at the 2017 iHeartRadio Music Awards. In France, \"Work\" peaked at number one on the chart for two weeks, becoming Rihanna's sixth number-one in the country, the second-highest amount of all time. The single also broke the record for the most streams in a single week, with 2.056 million streams. For the issue dated February 13, 2016, \"Work\" debuted at number nine on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. It became the 27th top-ten hit for Rihanna and 15th for","title":"Work (Rihanna song)"},{"id":"17159200","text":"Work (Iggy Azalea song) \"Work\" is a song recorded by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea for her debut studio album, \"The New Classic\" (2014). It was released as Azalea's debut single as a lead artist, and the album's lead single on 17 March 2013. The track was written by Azalea, Trocon Markous Roberts, Natalie Sims, and The Invisible Men who produced it with 1st Down of FKi. Hailed by Azalea as her most personal song, \"Work\" was developed with motivational and inspirational intentions to portray her life story; specifically dealing with her struggle as an up-and-coming rapper, and her relocation from","title":"Work (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"17159243","text":"series of \"So You Think You Can Dance\" which aired on 9 July 2014. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Work (Iggy Azalea song) \"Work\" is a song recorded by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea for her debut studio album, \"The New Classic\" (2014). It was released as Azalea's debut single as a lead artist, and the album's lead single on 17 March 2013. The track was written by Azalea, Trocon Markous Roberts, Natalie Sims, and The Invisible Men who produced it with 1st Down of FKi. Hailed by Azalea as her most personal song, \"Work\" was developed with motivational","title":"Work (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"8579835","text":"Work to Do \"Work to Do\" is a 1972 funk song by The Isley Brothers, released on their T-Neck imprint. The song, written and produced by the group, was issued on their 1972 album, \"Brother, Brother, Brother\", and charted at #51 pop and #11 R&B upon its initial charting. Lyrically, the song explicates a troubled situation between a man and his girlfriend/wife, concerning the lack of quality time spent with each other. The man pleads that as much as he cannot wait to get home and spend time with her, he has a more pressing obligation/commitment to attend to work.","title":"Work to Do"},{"id":"17159225","text":"number 54 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 where it accumulated a total of 20 weeks on the chart. The sales resurgence also saw the single attain a new peak of number 14 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, where it initially bowed at number 35 in September 2013. In September 2014, the track was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 1 million units. In January 2015, \"Billboard\" named it one of the biggest hits to have peaked at number 54 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In Canada, \"Work\" debuted on the Canadian","title":"Work (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"9795049","text":"I Got That Work I Got That Work is the third studio album by American hip hop duo Big Tymers. It was released May 16, 2000, by Cash Money Records and Universal Records. The album features the singles, \"Get Your Roll On\" and \"#1 Stunna\", which was also featured on \"The Original Kings of Comedy\" soundtrack. A music video was made for the song \"10 Wayz\". \"I Got That Work\" debuted at #3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 with first-week sales of 187,000 copies in the US. The album received a Platinum certification on September 15, 2000, by the Recording Industry","title":"I Got That Work"},{"id":"10638324","text":"of North America. Prominently pushed by a re-arranged remix by British producer duo Freemasons, \"Work\" enjoyed major commercial success and eventually became Rowland's best-charting solo single since her 2002 songs \"Dilemma\" and \"Stole\", reaching the top-ten in Australia, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. \"Work\" is her fourth international most successful solo single to date, behind \"Dilemma\", \"When Love Takes Over\" and \"Stole\". The music video for \"Work\" was filmed in Los Angeles, California and was directed by Philip Andelman. The video shows Rowland and her dancers posed in silhouette and shot against backdrops of vivid","title":"Work (Kelly Rowland song)"},{"id":"18954831","text":"1970s and early 1980s, and in the same period was part of the resurgence of Studio One. His popularity soared in the early 1980s with the release of \"Bobby Bobylon\". Other popular hits of McGregor's include \"Big Ship\", \"Push Comes to Shove\", \"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\" (a top ten hit in the UK), and \"I Was Born a Winner\"; as well as cover versions of many early reggae standards. He has also worked with producers Junjo Lawes, Linval Thompson, and Gussie Clarke. McGregor has also recorded as a drummer with artists such as Sugar Minott and Judy Mowatt.","title":"Freddie McGregor"},{"id":"7129822","text":"I Used to Work in Chicago \"I Used to Work in Chicago\" is a drinking song. It was written by songwriter and entertainer Larry Vincent. The earliest printed date for the song is March 1945 in the underground mimeographed songbook \"Songs of the Century\", however versions of the song circulated \"on the street\" as early as 1938 according to the Digital Tradition Folk Music Database. Many of the lyrics are considered humorous because of the oblique sexual references. The song is often chanted by various British university sports teams. After World War II, there were various versions of this song","title":"I Used to Work in Chicago"},{"id":"6734931","text":"was certified gold. In late 2002, Elliott released her fourth album \"Under Construction\" which went double platinum (her first multi-platinum release, as all of Elliott's previous albums stalled at platinum). The album spawned two hit singles, the Grammy award-winning and the 7x MTV VMA nominated song \"Work It\" and \"Gossip Folks\" and the two radio hit single's \"Pussycat\" and \"Back In The Day.\" In 2003, Elliott released her platinum selling fifth album \"This Is Not A Test!\". Although it did go platinum, it wasn't as successful as Elliott's previous efforts. The two single's \"Pass That Dutch\" and \"I'm Really Hot\"","title":"The Goldmind Inc."},{"id":"6305467","text":"Darva Conger Darva Conger (born September 21, 1965) is a former emergency department nurse who in 2000 was selected as the winner of the reality television show \"Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire?\" Conger previously served in the U.S. Air Force, and at one time was stationed at Hill AFB in Utah, and then at Scott Air Force Base, near St. Louis. She studied nursing at Southern Illinois University at the Edwardsville and Carbondale campuses, graduating \"magna cum laude\". Conger's mother is retired American actress Susan Harrison. In the show, which aired as a single two-hour broadcast on February 15,","title":"Darva Conger"},{"id":"19265900","text":"Subsequently, it was made available for digital download in most countries worldwide via the iTunes Store and was added for streaming on Apple Music, Spotify, and Tidal. \"Work\" was written by PartyNextDoor, Drake, Rihanna, Monte Moir, Rupert \"Sevn\" Thomas, Allen Ritter and Matthew Samuels, and was produced by Boi-1da, Sevn Thomas, Ritter, Kuk Harrell and Noah \"40\" Shebib. In the summer of 2015, Thomas, Ritter, Boi-1da, and Martin Mason, among others, stayed at Drake's house in Los Angeles for a mid-week period. Thomas described the time spent at the home as a \"beat factory, everyone was sitting there working and","title":"Work (Rihanna song)"},{"id":"16438063","text":"queen (where she had applied initially to work as a waitress). Cox appeared as a contestant on the first season of \"I Want to Work for Diddy\"; afterwards she was approached by VH1 about show ideas. From that came the makeover television series \"TRANSform Me\", which made Cox the first African-American transgender person to produce and star in her own TV show. Both those shows were nominated for GLAAD media awards for outstanding reality programs, and when \"Diddy\" won in 2009, Cox accepted the award at the GLAAD ceremony, giving a speech described by the \"San Francisco Sentinel\" as \"among","title":"Laverne Cox"},{"id":"4683522","text":"\"I Got That Work\" had the singles \"Get Your Roll On\" and \"#1 Stunna\". Although the singles failed to debut on The Billboard Hot 100 music chart, I Got That Work was certified Platinum by the RIAA for selling over 1 million copies in the United States. \"Hood Rich\" had \"Still Fly\", which was nominated for a Grammy, and \"Oh Yeah!\" Hood Rich was also certified Platinum in the US. \"Big Money Heavyweight\" followed in 2003. \"Big Money Heavyweight was certified Gold in the US. In 2005, Mannie Fresh left the group and resigned from Cash Money. After his group","title":"Birdman (rapper)"},{"id":"19733838","text":"of the show was the same as in season eleven, and Dunkin Donuts sponsors the show for a third consecutive season. A guest judge joined the panel for each episode of the Judge Cuts round: Chris Hardwick, DJ Khaled, Laverne Cox and Seal. Darci Lynne Farmer was named the winner on the season finale, September 20, 2017. She was the third ventriloquist, third child and third female to win a season of \"America's Got Talent\". 10-year-old singer Angelica Hale placed second, and glow light dance troupe Light Balance came in third. Farmer won the show's prize of $1 million and","title":"America's Got Talent (season 12)"},{"id":"19355365","text":"Work from Home \"Work from Home\" is a song recorded by American girl group Fifth Harmony featuring American singer Ty Dolla Sign. The song impacted contemporary hit radio four days after its initial release on March 1, 2016 and was released as the lead single from the group's second studio album, \"7/27\" (2016). \"Work from Home\" was written by Daniel Bedingfield, Joshua Coleman, Dallas Koehlke, Jude Demorest, Tyrone Griffin, Jr., Alexander Izquierdo, and Brian Lee with production from Coleman and Dallas Koehlke. The song is primarily an R&B track that incorporates elements of trap music and tropical house beats with","title":"Work from Home"},{"id":"18934543","text":"Sofia Ashraf Sofia Ashraf (born 1987) is an Indian rapper and singer. Her songs address the negligence of corporations that fail to clean up industrial disasters. Her 2008 song \"Don't Work for Dow\" criticizes Dow's failure to compensate victims of the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy in India. In 2015 she released \"Kodaikanal Won't\", a music video addressing mercury pollution in Kodaikanal from a thermometer factory owned by Unilever, a multinational consumer goods company. In June 2016, she released \"Dow vs. Bhopal: a Toxic Rap Battle\". In 1987, Sofia Ashraf was born and brought up in an orthodox Malayali Muslim household","title":"Sofia Ashraf"},{"id":"7129823","text":"commercially recorded (e.g. by Spike Jones). A verse from Spike Jones's version: I Used to Work in Chicago \"I Used to Work in Chicago\" is a drinking song. It was written by songwriter and entertainer Larry Vincent. The earliest printed date for the song is March 1945 in the underground mimeographed songbook \"Songs of the Century\", however versions of the song circulated \"on the street\" as early as 1938 according to the Digital Tradition Folk Music Database. Many of the lyrics are considered humorous because of the oblique sexual references. The song is often chanted by various British university sports","title":"I Used to Work in Chicago"},{"id":"8408447","text":"costs are not separately covered however, and can easily absorb the additional payment – especially for those undertaking the \"full time\" version. Work for the Dole was first proposed by the Liberal Party of Australia in 1987, and was enacted on a trial basis a year after it gained power at the 1996 federal election in their traditional coalition. Despite mixed feelings among younger people, at whom the program was aimed, there was little mainstream opposition when it was launched. On 1 July 1998, all job seekers aged 18–24 that had been claiming benefits for six months or more were","title":"Work for the Dole"},{"id":"3392421","text":"a barber, a mortician or engage in a host of other occupations, without first getting a permit or license from a government official. Many laws were supported by existing professionals and their organizations in an effort to ensure a level of competence. Other observers believe their efforts were directed at simply restraining competition to increase prices for fees. In response, entrepreneurs and activists have won numerous court cases securing constitutional protection for the right to earn a living. Such cases have won the right to work for Louisiana monks who sell caskets, Philadelphia independent tour guides, Colorado taxi drivers, and","title":"Right to work"},{"id":"20322902","text":"Go to Work \"Go to Work\" is a song by Irish recording artist Nadine Coyle. The song was released as a digital download on 8 September 2017 by Virgin EMI Records. \"Go to Work\" is Coyle's first single since the release of \"I Could Be\" with Shane Filan in 2015, and her first single as the lead artist since \"Sweetest High\" in 2011. Coyle announced the single on 23 August 2017, and published a dance rehearsal clip, audio snippet, and music video preview via Twitter to promote the song. The music video was released on 15 September, one week after","title":"Go to Work"},{"id":"20816315","text":"A Job To Do \"A Job to Do\" is a song by American rock musician Jerry Cantrell, written for the end credits of the 2017 film \"\". The song was featured on \"John Wick: Chapter 2 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)\", and it is the last track on the album. \"A Job to Do\" marks the first time Jerry Cantrell released a solo song since 2002. The song was recorded at Igloo Music Studios in Burbank, California between November 8, 2015 and January 21, 2016. Jerry Cantrell wrote the lyrics from the perspective of Keanu Reeves' title character in \"\". Cantrell","title":"A Job To Do"},{"id":"10104328","text":"Gotta Work \"Gotta Work\" is a song by American R&B singer-songwriter Amerie, and is the second international single from her third studio album, \"Because I Love It\" (2007). It samples Sam & Dave's 1966 song \"Hold On, I'm Comin'\", written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter and originally recorded by Reuben Wilson. The sample used is from a cover version by Erma Franklin, off her album 'Soul Sister' (1969). Amerie called the sound of the song \"'go-go soul'\", saying go-go \"[is] like really strong black coffee, some people can't ingest it in its purest form.\" This song is featured at","title":"Gotta Work"},{"id":"4856257","text":"nominees: Winner: \"Marie-Élaine Thibert\", Marie-Élaine Thibert Other nominees: Winner: \"Mi Destino/My Destiny\", Oscar Lopez Other nominees: Winner: \"American Idiot\", Green Day Other nominees: Winner: \"\", David Braid Other nominees: Winner: \"New Danzon\", Hilario Duran Trio Other nominees: Winner: \"The Girl in the Other Room\", Diana Krall Other nominees: Winner: \"Under My Skin\", Avril Lavigne Other nominees: Winner: \"Chuck\", Sum 41 Other nominees: Winner: \"40 Days\", The Wailin' Jennys Other nominees: Winner: \"Hopetown\", Jenny Whiteley Other nominees: Winner: \"African Guitar Summit\", Mighty Popo, Madagascar Slim, Donne Robert, Alpha Ya Ya Diallo, Adam Solomon, Pa Joe Other nominees: Winner: \"Crabbuckit\", k-os Other","title":"Juno Awards of 2005"},{"id":"3288504","text":"and the following year, the band's debut album \"If This Is Rock and Roll, I Want My Old Job Back\" entered the Irish albums chart at number one. In 1992 the band released their second Album \"All The Way From Tuam\", which included live favorites \"Green & Red Of Mayo\", \"Exhilarating Sadness\" and \"You Got Me On The Run\" as well as the singles \"Wake Up Sleeping\", \"Pied Piper\", \"Never Mind The Strangers\", \"Me Heart Is Living In The Sixties Still\" and their next number one hit, \"Hay Wrap\". After the release of \"All The Way From Tuam\", the band","title":"The Saw Doctors"},{"id":"1525381","text":"chart. With the release of \"Miss E... So Addictive\" (2001), \"Under Construction\" (2002), and \"This Is Not a Test!\" (2003). Elliott established an international career that yielded hits including \"Get Ur Freak On\", \"One Minute Man\", \"4 My People\", \"Gossip Folks\", and \"Work It\". The latter won her a Grammy Award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance; Elliott went on to win four Grammy Awards and sell over 30 million records in the United States. She is the best-selling female rapper in Nielsen Music history according to \"Billboard\" in 2017. Melissa Arnette Elliott was born on July 1, 1971, at","title":"Missy Elliott"},{"id":"13868403","text":"\"Put Your Hands Up\" featuring Schife, Young Jeezy, Rick Ross and Plies, was released on February 8, 2010. On March 2, 2010, the music video was released for \"Put Your Hands Up\" featuring Schife, Young Jeezy, Rick Ross and Plies. Plies was not featured in the music video, and his part in the song skips over to Rick Ross. The album's third single, \"All I Do Is Win\" featuring T-Pain, Ludacris, Rick Ross and Snoop Dogg, was released on February 8, 2010. The song peaked at number 24 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, in which it became his most","title":"Victory (DJ Khaled album)"},{"id":"3735120","text":"account executive from Los Angeles. James had won the Wendy's Wild Card Contest to gain entry onto the show. The next group of six was introduced in episode two, and, for the first time, featured a second Wendy's Wild Card winner. Episode two's competitors were Jason Ashworth, a 23-year-old assistant tour manager from New Freedom, Pennsylvania; Winston Bell, a 35-year-old banker from Cleveland; Jason Horowitz, a 21-year-old student at Syracuse University who originally hails from West Bloomfield, Michigan; Stephanie Rich, a 35-year-old travel coordinator from Arlington, Texas; Whitney Scott, a 24-year-old sports information assistant from Lockwood, Missouri; and David Holmes,","title":"Dream Job (season 2)"},{"id":"8851251","text":"Brian Mannix Brian Mannix (born 7 October 1961 in Melbourne) is an Australian rock music singer and actor. He was formerly the lead singer of 1980s band Uncanny X-Men, and in 2006 performed in the \"Countdown Spectacular\" and at the 2006 AFL Grand Final. Uncanny X-Men are known for their hits such as \"The Party\", \"How Do You Get Your Kicks?\", \"50 Years\" and \"Everybody Wants to Work\". Mannix was also a regular on the ABC1 television quiz show \"Spicks and Specks\" where he usually played on Myf Warhurst's team. Mannix appeared as a contestant on Channel 7's series of","title":"Brian Mannix"},{"id":"20287961","text":"Next Chef competition, which she won. She was also featured in the Star Power tournament on the 33rd season of Food Network's \"Chopped\", in 2017. She finished third on the semifinal episode featuring Internet stars. In 2011, Johnson married her long-time collaborator Sharpe. In October 2014, they welcomed the arrival of their son Flint. The three of them moved to Los Angeles in 2015. Together, Johnson and Sharpe serve on the board of the charitable organization GiveBackLA, where they are in charge of social media. Hilah Johnson Hilah Johnson is an American chef, Internet personality, and author from Austin, Texas.","title":"Hilah Johnson"},{"id":"1346567","text":"(2006). In 2009, Combs formed the musical group Diddy – Dirty Money and released the critically well-reviewed and commercially successful album \"Last Train to Paris\" (2010). Combs has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards, and is the producer of MTV's \"Making the Band\". In 2018, \"Forbes\" estimated his net worth at $825 million, making him the second-richest hip hop recording artist. Sean John Combs was born on November 4, 1969 in Manhattan's Harlem in New York City and was raised in Mount Vernon, New York. His mother, Janice (Smalls), was a model and teacher's assistant and","title":"Sean Combs"},{"id":"19355404","text":"Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on May 10, dancing in and around a car prop and at the 2016 \"Billboard\" Music Awards on May 22 alongside Ty Dolla Sign. Other performances include the 2016 Much Music Video Awards and the 2016 CMT Music Awards, where the group performed the song with country singer Cam, as a mashup with Cam's single, Mayday. The track was covered by British singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran in a radio appearance in the United Kingdom. Other artists who covered the song include classical crossover group Clean Bandit with Louisa Johnson at the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge, where Fifth","title":"Work from Home"},{"id":"8058010","text":"of their albums. Winner: Anne Murray Other nominees: Winner: Bruce Cockburn Other nominees: Winner: Shari Ulrich Other nominees: Winner: Eddie Schwartz Other nominees: Winner: Loverboy Other nominees: Winner: Saga Other nominees: Winner: Mike Reno and Paul Dean, \"Turn Me Loose\" by Loverboy Other nominees: Winner: Anne Murray Other nominees: Winner: Ronnie Hawkins Other nominees: Winner: The Good Brothers Other nominees: Winner: Bruce Cockburn Other nominees: Winner: Liona Boyd Other nominees: Winner: Paul Dean / Bruce Fairbairn, \"Working for the Weekend\" and \"When It's Over\" by Loverboy Other nominees: Winner (tied): Other nominees: Winner: Neil Young Winner: \"Loverboy\", Loverboy Other nominees:","title":"Juno Awards of 1982"},{"id":"19265914","text":"Drake. With this feat, Rihanna tied Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson and Elton John as the artists with the fifth-most top-ten songs on the chart. The singer scored 27 top-ten singles on the Hot 100 in a span of 10 years and eight months between her first single, \"Pon de Replay\" and \"Work\", and became the fastest solo artist to reach the plateau. It also became Rihanna's 50th song that charted on the Hot 100. \"Work\" debuted at number one on the US Digital Songs chart with over 126,000 copies sold in only just over a day. It debuted at number","title":"Work (Rihanna song)"},{"id":"4415356","text":"Rita MacNeil Rita MacNeil, CM, ONS (May 28, 1944 – April 16, 2013) was a Canadian singer from the community of Big Pond on Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Island. Her biggest hit, \"Flying On Your Own\", was a crossover Top 40 hit in 1987 and was covered by Anne Murray the following year, although she had hits on the country and adult contemporary charts throughout her career. In the United Kingdom, MacNeil's song \"Working Man\" was a No. 11 hit in 1990. In 1990, she was the bestselling country artist in Canada, outselling even Garth Brooks and Clint Black. She","title":"Rita MacNeil"},{"id":"10104331","text":"a lather and doing the song she has sampled a service. Get your back into it, just like she does, and the benefits can be instantly felt.\" \"Gotta Work\" was ranked number seventy-one on MTV Asia's list of Top 100 Hits of 2007. Gotta Work \"Gotta Work\" is a song by American R&B singer-songwriter Amerie, and is the second international single from her third studio album, \"Because I Love It\" (2007). It samples Sam & Dave's 1966 song \"Hold On, I'm Comin'\", written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter and originally recorded by Reuben Wilson. The sample used is from","title":"Gotta Work"},{"id":"4683512","text":"In 2018 the duo reunited for the album \"Before Anythang\" which produced the single \"Designer Caskets.” They recorded their first Platinum-selling album in 2000 titled \"I Got That Work\". The lead single from \"I Got That Work\", \"Number One Stunna\" peaked at No. 24 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. The group released its most successful album in 2002 titled \"Hood Rich\". The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 200 and spawned a major hit in \"Still Fly\" which reached No. 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The group later recorded their final album titled \"Big","title":"Big Tymers"},{"id":"16319675","text":"Bennett’s vocal for the LMFAO hit \"Party Rock Anthem\", which became a number 1 hit on the Billboard pop charts. His selected credits and discography also include: Compositions for the \"Do It Again\" film score -- Robert Patton-Spruill’s documentary about \"The Boston Globe\" reporter Geoff Edgers' quest to reunite The Kinks; the theme song and much of the score for the TV Land hit series \"How'd You Get So Rich?\" featuring Joan Rivers; and the theme song for the History Channel series \"The Works\". Brain has produced five RIAA certified Platinum and Gold albums and singles, including a Platinum single","title":"Dow Brain"},{"id":"19265898","text":"collaborator Director X, while the second was directed by Tim Erem. The song was further promoted with live performance's at the 2016 BRIT Awards which featured guest appearances from Drake and SZA, the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards, as well as being performed on the Anti World Tour. \"Work\" became the first dancehall song to top the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 since Sean Paul's \"Temperature\" (2006) and was succeeded three weeks later by another dancehall song, Drake's \"One Dance\". Following the release of Rihanna's seventh studio album, \"Unapologetic\", and its accompanying tour, Rihanna took a step back from music. Rihanna aimed","title":"Work (Rihanna song)"},{"id":"10094754","text":"among adults 18–49, making it rank first for the night. Television critics gave positive reviews to the finale. It won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay – Episodic Comedy and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series. In addition, Jenna Fischer received a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Confident that he will get the corporate job in New York City, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) sells his condo and names Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) his successor as Regional Manager. Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) cheerfully","title":"The Job (The Office)"},{"id":"20496719","text":"who opted to keep Ashland Craft instead. Both Blake Shelton and Jennifer Hudson wanted to use the option of stealing the eliminated Kohanski and she chose to continue as part of Team Blake, eventually winning on 19 December 2017 the season title with \"Wish I Didn't Love You\". This marks the sixth victory for the veteran \"The Voice\" coach Blake Shelton as he adds to his record as the mentor with the most wins of the show. Kohanski won the $100,000 grand prize and a record deal with Universal Music Group. She said that she'll continue her efforts to bring","title":"Chloe Kohanski"},{"id":"14251511","text":"cameos on the video. Swizz Beatz was not included in the video. DJ Khaled also raps a verse on the remix. There is another remix titled \"Hood Remix\" or \"G-Mix\" which is by Nappy Boy artist Young Cash. The remix features a new rap line up, Yo Gotti, Gudda Gudda, Bun B, Ice Berg, 2 Chainz, T-Pain, & Field Mob. On this version, instead of T-Pain on the chorus, Young Cash is, while T-Pain delivers a verse of his own. The song has become an anthem for numerous sports teams, most notably the Auburn Tigers football team during their 2010","title":"All I Do Is Win"},{"id":"4856255","text":"and artists. The following awards were presented during the primary ceremonies, with other categories awarded at a non-televised ceremony the previous night: Winner: Avril Lavigne Other Nominees: Winner: Feist Other Nominees: Winner: Billy Talent Other Nominees: Winner: Avril Lavigne Other Nominees: Winner: Alexisonfire Other Nominees: Winner: Ron Sexsmith, \"Whatever It Takes\", \"Not About to Lose\", \"Hard Bargain\" Other Nominees: Winner: Bob Rock, \"Welcome to My Life\" by Simple Plan and \"Some Kind of Monster\" by Metallica Other Nominees: Winner: L. Stu Young, \"What Do You Want\" and \"Man in Your Life\" by Prince, \"Musicology\" Other Nominees: Winner: The Tragically Hip","title":"Juno Awards of 2005"},{"id":"6550441","text":"Elliott's most successful single to date. A remix of this song features 50 Cent. The end of the song samples \"Take Me to the Mardi Gras\" by Bob James and was also sampled in one of Missy's first features \"The Things That You Do\", and the synth pattern in the rhythm track samples the intro of \"Heart of Glass\" by Blondie. A portion of the song's lyrics helped popularize the slang term \"badonkadonk\" with mainstream audiences (\"Love the way my butt go bum-bump-bum-bump-bump/Keep your eyes on my bum-bump-bum-bump-bump/And think you can handle this badonk-a-donk-donk\"). During the chorus, the lyric \"I","title":"Work It (Missy Elliott song)"},{"id":"19660803","text":"Blooom Blooom, often stylized as \"blooom\", is an online Registered Investment Adviser that manages individual participant accounts in employer sponsored retirement plans such as 401(k), 403(b), or TSP. Non-profit organization, LaunchKC, awarded Blooom a $50,000 grant in September 2015. In October 2015, Blooom closed a $4 million Series A funding round led by QED Investors and had over $110 million in assets under management (AUM). Additional Series A investors included DST Systems, Commerce Ventures, Hyde Park Venture Partners, and UMB Financial Corporation. In November 2015, the company won the “One in a Million” competition and corresponding $10,000 award from the","title":"Blooom"},{"id":"15101400","text":"2010. Employees of the Year Employees of the Year is the debut EP from the Toronto rap group The 20/20 Project. It was released by Incognito Entertainment on July 27, 2010 and marketed by URBNET Records and was produced, mixed and mastered by DjUnknown. The album features one guest appearance by Akim of Tru-Paz on the remix to the lead single \"Back to Work\". The EP received generally positive reviews and consistently charted in the top 10 on a number of Campus Radio Stations across Canada. It peaked #1 on Ottawa's CHUO 89.1 hip hop charts the week ending November","title":"Employees of the Year"},{"id":"14111625","text":"the music video. Plies does not include this video. The video premiered on BET's 106 & Park on March 3, 2010- along with the music video for \"All I Do Is Win\". Put Your Hands Up (DJ Khaled song) \"Put Your Hands Up\" is the second single from DJ Khaled’s fourth studio album Victory. The track features American rappers Young Jeezy, Plies, Rick Ross and Schife. It was officially released on February 8, 2010 along with \"All I Do Is Win\". The album version featuring an additional verse by Plies after Young Jeezy's part, which is the official remix. The","title":"Put Your Hands Up (DJ Khaled song)"},{"id":"7632921","text":"April and onward every year. The last Take Our Daughters And Sons To Work Day occurred on Thursday, April 26, 2018, with more than 37 million Americans at over 3.5 million workplaces participating. Take Our Daughters To Work Day was created in New York City in the summer of 1992 by the Ms. Foundation for Women and its president, Marie C. Wilson, the Women's foundation treasurer, Ms. Daren Ball, and with support from foundation founder Gloria Steinem. The first celebration took place on April 22, 1993, and has since been celebrated on the fourth Thursday of April in order for","title":"Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day"},{"id":"10800106","text":"Kathy Durkin Kathy Durkin is an Irish singer in the Country and Irish genre. A native of Butlersbridge, Co. Cavan, she is best known for her hit \"The Clock in the Tower\" and \"Working Man\" which stayed 26 weeks in the charts. She is one of five daughters and three sons of the well-known fiddler Eugene Leddy, who toured Ireland with his Ceili band in the 1940s and 1950s. She currently lives in Cavan with Andy, her husband of 38 years and their family. Her son, Aindreas, is also a singer. Her sisters Anne and Phyll are also talented singers.","title":"Kathy Durkin"},{"id":"17159226","text":"Hot 100 at number 98 for the week-ending 27 September 2014, and reached a peak of number 87. It was certified gold by Music Canada (MC) for selling more than 40,000 copies. The accompanying music video for \"Work\" was directed by Jonas & François and filmed in Hollywood and Lancaster, California in February 2013. A budget of about $100,000 was used for the production. Initially, Azalea wanted to provide a literal representation of the song, and planned to shoot the clip in Australia, but time constraints prevented her from travelling to the country. Accordingly, a desert location was chosen to","title":"Work (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"1582679","text":"Dido (singer) Dido Florian Cloud de Bounevialle O'Malley Armstrong (born 25 December 1971), known professionally as Dido (), is an English singer and songwriter. Dido attained international success with her debut album \"No Angel\" (1999). It sold over 21 million copies worldwide, and won her several awards, including two Brit Awards for Best British Female and Best Album, the MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act, and two NRJ Awards for Best New Act and Best Album. Her next album, \"Life for Rent\" (2003), continued her success with the hit singles \"White Flag\" and \"Life for Rent\". In 2004","title":"Dido (singer)"},{"id":"12253725","text":"also a member of Drake's October's Very Own with Noah \"40\" Shebib and T-Minus. Boi-1da produced \"Party Favors\" for Tinashe for her album \"Nightride\". The single features Young Thug. In January 2016, Rihanna released the dancehall track \"Work\", featuring Drake. The song peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the second Boi-1da produced track to top the charts. Between 2016 and 2017, Boi-1da continued to produce dancehall tracks, such as Drake's \"Controlla\", Tyga's \"1 of 1\", PartyNextDoor's \"Only U\" and Nicki Minaj's \"Regret in Your Tears\". He co-produced the 2016 Kanye West single \"Real Friends\". Boi-1da is","title":"Boi-1da"},{"id":"1453102","text":"David Allan Coe David Allan Coe (born September 6, 1939) is an American singer. His biggest hits were \"Mona Lisa Lost Her Smile\", \"The Ride\", \"You Never Even Called Me by My Name\", \"She Used to Love Me a Lot\", and \"Longhaired Redneck\". His most popular songs are the number-one hits \"Would You Lay With Me (In a Field of Stone)\" and \"Take This Job and Shove It\". The latter inspired the movie of the same name. Coe was born in Akron, Ohio, on September 6, 1939. His favorite singer as a child was Johnny Ace. After being sent to","title":"David Allan Coe"},{"id":"20659912","text":"Sandra Bundy Sandra Bundy is best known for her part in landmark case \"Bundy v. Jackson\", which was the first federal appeals court case to hold that workplace sexual harassment was employment discrimination and a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Sandra Bundy was born on March 12, 1934 and grew up in Washington, D.C. Her father left the family when she was still a child. She has said she believes a lack of a father figure may have contributed to her problems with relationships later in life. She graduated in 1952 from Armstrong Technical, a D.C. public","title":"Sandra Bundy"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"12286897\",\n \"text\": \"I Want to Work for Diddy (season 1) I Want To Work For Diddy was a reality show on VH1. Co-executive produced and directed by Mark Jacobs, the 13 contestants are brought together to see who can become Sean Combs' assistant. The show premiered on August 4, 2008. In the end, Suzanne Siegel was chosen to be his assistant and Mike Barber was hired in an undisclosed role. \\\"First aired August 4, 2008 \\\"First aired August 11, 2008 \\\"First aired August 18, 2008 \\\"First aired August 25, 2008 \\\"First aired September 1, 2008 \\\"First aired September 8, 2008 \\\"First aired\",\n \"title\": \"I Want to Work for Diddy (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13958985\",\n \"text\": \"I Want to Work for Diddy 2 I Want to Work for Diddy 2 is a reality show on VH1. It is the second season of \\\"I Want to Work for Diddy\\\", where contestants are brought together to see who can become Sean Combs' personal assistant. Mark Jacobs is the show's co-executive producer and director. \\\"I Want to Work for Diddy 2\\\" premiered on November 2, 2009. In the end, Ebony Jones was chosen to be his assistant. In Episodes 1,3,5 & 7 Ivory used her infamous catch phrase \\\"manwhich a bitch\\\" a phrase that caught on with fans instantly.\",\n \"title\": \"I Want to Work for Diddy 2\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12286898\",\n \"text\": \"September 15, 2008 \\\"First aired September 22, 2008 \\\"First aired September 29, 2008 \\\"First aired October 6, 2008 A second season of \\\"I Want to Work for Diddy\\\" was confirmed by VH1. The second season premiered on November 2, 2009. I Want to Work for Diddy (season 1) I Want To Work For Diddy was a reality show on VH1. Co-executive produced and directed by Mark Jacobs, the 13 contestants are brought together to see who can become Sean Combs' assistant. The show premiered on August 4, 2008. In the end, Suzanne Siegel was chosen to be his assistant and\",\n \"title\": \"I Want to Work for Diddy (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11583078\",\n \"text\": \"produced, and scored the film. Addams takes the role of Ava, and James plays the role of Joyce. At the 20th GLAAD Media Awards in May 2009, \\\"Transamerican Love Story\\\" tied with \\\"I Want to Work for Diddy\\\" for the GLAAD Media Award in the \\\"Outstanding Reality Program\\\" category. Calpernia Addams and Laverne Cox were at the awards ceremony in San Francisco to accept the honors for the respective shows. Also in attendance was \\\"Transamerican Love Story\\\" finalist Jim Howley. He reports that when \\\"Transamerican Love Story\\\" won, he impulsively ran past the security personnel and onto the stage. After\",\n \"title\": \"Transamerican Love Story\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12054363\",\n \"text\": \"Nude Comedy • (Showtime)<BR> Diddy’s Making His Band • (MTV)<BR> Late Night w/Jimmy Kimmel • (ABC)<BR> Celebracadabra • (VH1) • Theme Song<BR> Snoop Dogg’s Father Hood • (E!)<BR> I Want To Work For Diddy • (VH1)<BR> LA Ink • (TLC)<BR> Fox Sports Network<BR> My Super Sweet 16 • (MTV)<BR> 20 Greatest Celebreality Fights • (VH1)<BR> What Not To Wear • (TLC/Discovery)<BR> Exposed • (MTV Networks)<BR> Next • (MTV Networks)<BR> Dirt • (FX Networks)<BR> Commercial Promos (selected credits): AVP Nivea Tour Hermosa Beach • (KTLA)<BR> Worst Cooks In America (Season Finale) • (Food Network)<BR> NBA Lakers (Wingstop Promo) • (KCAL 9)<BR>\",\n \"title\": \"Casey Dunmore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13958986\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"First aired November 2, 2009 \\\"First aired November 9, 2009 \\\"First aired November 16, 2009 \\\"First aired November 23, 2009 \\\"First aired November 30, 2009 \\\"First aired December 7, 2009\\\" \\\"First aired December 14, 2009\\\" \\\"First aired December 21, 2009\\\" \\\"First aired December 28, 2009\\\" \\\"First aired January 4, 2010\\\" I Want to Work for Diddy 2 I Want to Work for Diddy 2 is a reality show on VH1. It is the second season of \\\"I Want to Work for Diddy\\\", where contestants are brought together to see who can become Sean Combs' personal assistant. Mark Jacobs is the\",\n \"title\": \"I Want to Work for Diddy 2\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19108643\",\n \"text\": \"single \\\"I'm So Hood\\\" Platinum on June 4, 2008. That year, Khaled won DJ of the Year awards from the BET Hip Hop Awards and Ozone Awards. He was appointed the president of Def Jam South in 2009. His fourth studio album \\\"Victory\\\" was released on March 2, 2010. The album featured guest appearances from Drake, Lil Wayne, Rick Ross, Nas, Snoop Dogg, Ludacris, Nelly, and more. The single \\\"All I Do Is Win\\\" featuring Ludacris, Rick Ross, Snoop Dogg, and T-Pain was certified as a double-platinum single. Other singles include: \\\"Put Your Hands Up\\\" featuring Ross, Young Jeezy, Plies,\",\n \"title\": \"DJ Khaled\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8731813\",\n \"text\": \"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner\",\n \"title\": \"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19265927\",\n \"text\": \"it a hybrid trap-inspired beat . The remix was released via soundcloud on Yultron's page. The song is featured in the pilot episode of \\\"The Mayor.\\\" Credits adapted from Rihanna's official website. Work (Rihanna song) \\\"Work\\\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her eighth studio album, \\\"Anti\\\" (2016), featuring Canadian rapper Drake, the song was released as the lead single from \\\"Anti\\\" on January 27, 2016 through Westbury Road and Roc Nation. The song was written by PartyNextDoor, Drake, Monte Moir, Rupert \\\"Sevn\\\" Thomas, Allen Ritter and Matthew Samuels, and was produced by Boi-1da, Sevn Thomas, Ritter,\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Rihanna song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1346586\",\n \"text\": \"In March 2008 the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" claimed that The Notorious B.I.G. and Combs orchestrated the 1994 robbery and shooting of Tupac, substantiating the claim with supposed FBI documents; the newspaper later retracted the story, acknowledging that the documents had been fabricated. Dexter Isaac, an associate of record management executive Jimmy Henchman, confessed in 2012 that he shot Tupac on Henchman's orders. In June 2008 Combs' representative denied rumors of another name change. Combs ventured into reality television in August 2008 with the premiere of his VH1 series \\\"I Want to Work for Diddy\\\". After the season finale of \\\"Making\",\n \"title\": \"Sean Combs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11263489\",\n \"text\": \"Work That (Mary J. Blige song) \\\"Work That\\\" is a song by American recording artist Mary J. Blige. It was written by Blige, Sean Garrett, and Theron Feemster, featuring production by the latter, for her eighth studio album, \\\"Growing Pains\\\" (2007). Released as the album's second single, the track was to Urban radio stations in December 2007. A remix featuring Busta Rhymes was also released to radio. When it was available as a digital download, the single was still not officially released, but did eventually reach number 65 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Work That\\\" was featured in an\",\n \"title\": \"Work That (Mary J. Blige song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7809062\",\n \"text\": \"Like Me Now\\\" was certified platinum). The album spawned four charted singles: \\\"Let's Go\\\", \\\"All Night Long\\\", \\\"I Go to Work\\\", and \\\"They Want Money\\\". \\\"They Want Money\\\" went the most successful single of the effort, peaking at #3 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, #2 on the Hot Rap Songs and #91 on the UK Singles Chart. \\\"I Go to Work\\\" peaked at #13 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #5 on the Hot Rap Songs. \\\"All Night Long\\\" peaked at #70 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and \\\"Let's Go\\\", a diss track towards Kool Moe Dee's foe LL Cool\",\n \"title\": \"Knowledge Is King\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14251508\",\n \"text\": \"All I Do Is Win \\\"All I Do Is Win\\\" is a song from DJ Khaled's fourth studio album \\\"Victory\\\" (2010). It was the second single from the album. The track features American rappers T-Pain, Ludacris, Snoop Dogg and Rick Ross. It was released on February 8, 2010, along with \\\"Put Your Hands Up\\\". The single was certified 3× Platinum by the RIAA. It was the only \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 charting single from the album. The music video debuted on BET's \\\"106 and Park\\\" on March 3, 2010, along with the video for \\\"Put Your Hands Up\\\". It pictures DJ\",\n \"title\": \"All I Do Is Win\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8732636\",\n \"text\": \"favour of the drums (apparently based on Buckingham's own experience in music classes as a boy). Together, the book and the film series became the basis of a TMBC workshop called Simply Strengths. TMBC was acquired by ADP, LLC in January 2017 (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/adp-acquires-marcus-buckingham-company-140000022.html) In addition to the self-published short film series \\\"Trombone Player Wanted\\\", Buckingham has made numerous television appearances as himself, on US television networks and cable channels including \\\"The View\\\" on ABC, \\\"I Want to Work for Diddy\\\" on VH1, \\\"The Oprah Winfrey Show\\\" on syndication, \\\"Good Morning America\\\" on ABC, \\\"The Today Show\\\" on NBC, \\\"Larry King\",\n \"title\": \"Marcus Buckingham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17159222\",\n \"text\": \"felt the song \\\"remains one of [Azalea's] finest moments\\\". In 2015, \\\"NME\\\" ranked \\\"Work\\\" third in their list of Azalea's best songs, behind \\\"Fancy\\\" and \\\"1 800 Bone\\\". Commercially, \\\"Work\\\" was a sleeper hit and Azalea's breakthrough into mainstream success. In Australia, the song bowed at number 88 on the ARIA Singles Chart issued for 23 April 2013, but re-entered more than a year later to peak at number 79 for the chart dated 9 June 2014. The track was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for selling 35,000 copies; it became one of the lowest peaking\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11263490\",\n \"text\": \"iTunes commercial. Work That (Mary J. Blige song) \\\"Work That\\\" is a song by American recording artist Mary J. Blige. It was written by Blige, Sean Garrett, and Theron Feemster, featuring production by the latter, for her eighth studio album, \\\"Growing Pains\\\" (2007). Released as the album's second single, the track was to Urban radio stations in December 2007. A remix featuring Busta Rhymes was also released to radio. When it was available as a digital download, the single was still not officially released, but did eventually reach number 65 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Work That\\\" was featured\",\n \"title\": \"Work That (Mary J. Blige song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13365140\",\n \"text\": \"Work (Ciara song) \\\"Work\\\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Ciara for her third studio album \\\"Fantasy Ride\\\" (2009). It was released by LaFace Records on July 24, 2009, as the album's fifth and final single. Rapper Missy Elliott provides featured vocals on the song. Ciara and Elliott wrote it in collaboration with its producers Nate \\\"Danja\\\" Hills and Marcella Araica. \\\"Work\\\" is a fast-paced electropop and dance song with elements of house and hip hop. Ciara described it as an energetic club track, and considered it initially as the lead single of \\\"Fantasy Ride\\\". \\\"Work\\\" received mixed\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Ciara song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13868404\",\n \"text\": \"successful single at the time. On March 2, 2010, the music video was released for \\\"All I Do Is Win\\\" featuring T-Pain, Ludacris, Rick Ross and Snoop Dogg. On June 28, 2010, the music video was released for the \\\"All I Do Is Win\\\" (Remix) featuring T-Pain, Diddy, Nicki Minaj, Busta Rhymes, Rick Ross, Fabolous, Jadakiss, Fat Joe and Swizz Beatz. Upon its release, \\\"On My Way\\\" featuring Kevin Cossom, Bali, Ace Hood, BallGreezy, Iceberg, Rum, Desloc, Triple C's member Gunplay, and Young Cash, also charted at number 16 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. The\",\n \"title\": \"Victory (DJ Khaled album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8408443\",\n \"text\": \"Work for the Dole Work for the Dole is an Australian federal government program that is a form of workfare, work-based welfare. It was first permanently enacted in 1998, having been trialed in 1997. It is one means by which job seekers can satisfy what the government calls \\\"mutual obligation requirements\\\". Other \\\"mutual obligation\\\" measures are accredited study, part-time work, Army Reserves and volunteer work. \\\"Work for the Dole\\\" continues as of 2018. Under the Howard Government the scheme was compulsory and targeted the long-term unemployed. Shortly after the Rudd Government was formed it became voluntary. From 1 July 2015,\",\n \"title\": \"Work for the Dole\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20724614\",\n \"text\": \"assistant editor Mike Vass who rounded out the post-production crew. \\\"The Work\\\" premiered at South by Southwest on March 11, 2017, and won the Grand Jury Prize for Best Documentary Feature. The award was voted on by journalist Eugene Hernandez, film critic Ann Hornaday, and reporter Eric Hynes. The film's North American distribution rights were acquired by The Orchard and First Look Media's entertainment studio Topic on April 7, 2017, with The Orchard handling the film's theatrical distribution. The film opened in New York City theaters on October 20, 2017, and in Los Angeles on October 27. \\\"The Work\\\" received\",\n \"title\": \"The Work (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19265903\",\n \"text\": \"producer. Drake's vocals were recorded by Noel Cadastre and Noah \\\"40\\\" Shebib at the Sandra Gale Studios in California and the SOTA Studios in Toronto. The vocal recording was assisted by Thomas Warren, while additional vocals were provided by PartyNextDoor. Manny Marroquin mixed \\\"Work\\\" at the Larrabee Studios, while Noel \\\"Gadget\\\" Campbell and Shebib did the mixing at the Studio 360 and SOTA Studios in Toronto. The mastering was done by Chris Gehringer at the Sterling Sound in New York City. \\\"Work\\\" marks the third collaboration between Rihanna and Drake, following \\\"What's My Name?\\\" in 2010 and \\\"Take Care\\\" in\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Rihanna song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19265895\",\n \"text\": \"Work (Rihanna song) \\\"Work\\\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her eighth studio album, \\\"Anti\\\" (2016), featuring Canadian rapper Drake, the song was released as the lead single from \\\"Anti\\\" on January 27, 2016 through Westbury Road and Roc Nation. The song was written by PartyNextDoor, Drake, Monte Moir, Rupert \\\"Sevn\\\" Thomas, Allen Ritter and Matthew Samuels, and was produced by Boi-1da, Sevn Thomas, Ritter, Kuk Harrell and Noah \\\"40\\\" Shebib. The dancehall, reggae-pop and R&B song, contains an interpolation of \\\"If You Were Here Tonight\\\" (1985) performed by Alexander O'Neal. Lyrically, the song incorporates themes of\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Rihanna song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10823375\",\n \"text\": \"Work (Jimmy Eat World song) \\\"Work\\\" is a song by Jimmy Eat World from their 2004 album, \\\"Futures\\\". It was the second single released from that album. The song was written by Jim Adkins and features backing vocals by Liz Phair. \\\"Work\\\" was released to radio on December 7, 2004. \\\"Work\\\" received positive reviews from critics, and it appeared on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Alternative Songs chart and the UK Singles Chart. A music video was released for the song; it featured interviews with high school students. Since the song's release, Jimmy Eat World have included it in their live performances. \\\"Work\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Jimmy Eat World song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11815960\",\n \"text\": \"and Taiwan, where it reached number one. The song was nominated at the 52nd Grammy Awards for \\\"Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals\\\". \\\"Work\\\", which features Missy Elliott, was released as the second international single on July 24, 2009, and reached the top forty in Ireland and top fifty in Sweden. \\\"Go Girl\\\", which features T-Pain, was released as the album's lead single. However, it was only included on the album version in Japan. The single reached number seventy-eight in the United States, and charted on the US R&B chart at number twenty-six and on the US Pop chart at number\",\n \"title\": \"Fantasy Ride\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14791982\",\n \"text\": \"Jamie Scott was crowned victor. The other two finalists were Brian McLeish and Sven-Hanson Britt. Series 8 began airing on 10 November 2015. It was won by Mark Stinchcombe. Series 9 began airing on 8 November 2016. Scottish chef and college lecturer Gary Maclean was crowned the winner. Series 10 began airing on 7 November 2017. In the final, aired on 21 December 2017, Craig Johnston was crowned champion. The other two finalists were Louisa Ellis and Steven Lickley. Series 11 began airing on 6 November 2018. Legend: MasterChef: The Professionals MasterChef: The Professionals is a BBC television competitive cooking\",\n \"title\": \"MasterChef: The Professionals\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7428239\",\n \"text\": \"Working for the Weekend \\\"Working for the Weekend\\\" is a song by Canadian rock band Loverboy, from their second studio album \\\"Get Lucky\\\" (1981). It was written by guitarist Paul Dean, vocalist Mike Reno and drummer Matt Frenette, and produced by Bruce Fairbairn and Dean, and released as the lead single from the album in October 1981. It has more of a power pop feel than the other band's other songs, but this new sound proved to generate success; the song reached number 29 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart, and number two on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Mainstream Rock chart in\",\n \"title\": \"Working for the Weekend\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19265915\",\n \"text\": \"nine on the Hot 100. \\\"Work\\\" launched at number 27 on the US Radio Songs chart with 44 million audience impressions and it is her highest debut. The song was most successful on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart where it debuted atop of it, becoming Rihanna's fifth chart-topper and Drake's fourteenth. The following week, \\\"Work\\\" sold an additional 156,000 copies and moved to number 7 on the Hot 100 chart. In its third week, \\\"Work\\\" reached number four on the Hot 100 chart and became Rihanna's 20th top-five hit, tying her with Michael Jackson and Stevie Wonder as the artists\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Rihanna song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6550440\",\n \"text\": \"Work It (Missy Elliott song) \\\"Work It\\\" is a hip hop song written by American rapper Missy Elliott and her producer Tim \\\"Timbaland\\\" Mosley for Elliott's fourth studio album \\\"Under Construction\\\" (2002). The song's musical style, and production by Timbaland, were heavily inspired by old school hip hop from the early 1980s, and includes a portion which samples Run-D.M.C.'s \\\"Peter Piper\\\". The beginning of the song samples Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three's \\\"Request Line\\\". Released as the album's first single in September 2002, the track reached the number two position on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, becoming Missy\",\n \"title\": \"Work It (Missy Elliott song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8579836\",\n \"text\": \"Over the years, the song has got more success courtesy to various cover versions Work to Do \\\"Work to Do\\\" is a 1972 funk song by The Isley Brothers, released on their T-Neck imprint. The song, written and produced by the group, was issued on their 1972 album, \\\"Brother, Brother, Brother\\\", and charted at #51 pop and #11 R&B upon its initial charting. Lyrically, the song explicates a troubled situation between a man and his girlfriend/wife, concerning the lack of quality time spent with each other. The man pleads that as much as he cannot wait to get home and\",\n \"title\": \"Work to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"547260\",\n \"text\": \"by Perez at his swearing-in ceremony, \\\"Boiled down to its essence, the Department of Labor is the department of opportunity.\\\" In the latest Center for Effective Government analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the most Freedom of Information Act (United States) (FOIA) requests, published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data, the most recent years available), the Labor Department earned a D by scoring 63 out of a possible 100 points, i.e. did not earn a satisfactory overall grade. United States Department of Labor The United States Department of Labor (DOL) is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal\",\n \"title\": \"United States Department of Labor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14251518\",\n \"text\": \"2011, and 3× Platinum on 19 June 2015. The song re-entered the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in May 2014 at No. 23. As of May 2014, the song has sold over 3 million copies in the US. The song debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 chart at No. 69 for the chart date of March 6, 2010. All I Do Is Win \\\"All I Do Is Win\\\" is a song from DJ Khaled's fourth studio album \\\"Victory\\\" (2010). It was the second single from the album. The track features American rappers T-Pain, Ludacris, Snoop Dogg and Rick Ross. It was\",\n \"title\": \"All I Do Is Win\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7969015\",\n \"text\": \"Semi-final stage of the reality show when she performed against Leah McFall for the public vote. Will.i.am used the opportunity to dispel such rumours by telling Higgins live on television, \\\"You are an amazing artist. I would love to work with you\\\". Higgins has two children, Chika Li Ché who was born in September 2001 and Taylor James McKenzie (TJ), with her former partner, Marlon Mckenzie who has appeared on \\\"The X Factor\\\". She also appeared on the voice UK. Cleo Higgins Cleopatra Madonna Higgins, better known mononymously as Cleo, is a British R&B/soul/pop singer, dancer, songwriter and actress based\",\n \"title\": \"Cleo Higgins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11360033\",\n \"text\": \"Syco Music Syco Music, also known as Syco Records and formerly known as S Records, is a British record label founded by British music mogul Simon Cowell. It is a subsidiary of Cowell's Syco. Syco Music has offices in London and Los Angeles and is home to several artists. Syco has the exclusive right to sign winners and finalists of \\\"The X Factor\\\" and \\\"Got Talent\\\". Susan Boyle's debut album, \\\"I Dreamed a Dream\\\", has sold over 9 million copies, making it one of the best selling releases of the last decade and Syco's most successful release to date. Between\",\n \"title\": \"Syco Music\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12025213\",\n \"text\": \"were Errol Batts and Jesse Tillman. His first and biggest hit was 1965's \\\"I Can't Work No Longer\\\", which reached #6 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B Singles chart and #60 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. The group disbanded in 1966, and after a minor solo hit with \\\"The Right Track\\\" he left Okeh. \\\"The Right Track\\\" is placed at number 11 in the Northern Soul Top 500 He later formed a new group, Infinity, with Batts, Larry Wade and Phyllis Knox. They had three minor R&B hits: \\\"Get on the Case\\\" (#41 R&B, Fountain Records, 1969), \\\"I Don't Want To\",\n \"title\": \"Billy Butler (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9795050\",\n \"text\": \"Association of America. All tracks are produced by Mannie Fresh I Got That Work I Got That Work is the third studio album by American hip hop duo Big Tymers. It was released May 16, 2000, by Cash Money Records and Universal Records. The album features the singles, \\\"Get Your Roll On\\\" and \\\"#1 Stunna\\\", which was also featured on \\\"The Original Kings of Comedy\\\" soundtrack. A music video was made for the song \\\"10 Wayz\\\". \\\"I Got That Work\\\" debuted at #3 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 with first-week sales of 187,000 copies in the US. The album received a\",\n \"title\": \"I Got That Work\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10399637\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Office\\\" on the episode \\\"The Fight\\\". The lyrics are changed to \\\"I don't want to work, I just wanna bang on this mug all day\\\". The song was also featured in commercials for Carnival Cruise Line. Bang the Drum All Day \\\"Bang the Drum All Day\\\" is a 1983 song by Todd Rundgren. The lyrics describe, in the first person, the singer's drive to \\\"bang on the drum all day\\\" to the exclusion of everything else. All the instruments on this track are performed by Rundgren. The song has become popular as an anti-work anthem or anthem of celebration.\",\n \"title\": \"Bang the Drum All Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17159238\",\n \"text\": \"how to work it\\\". Jessie Schiewe of \\\"Respect.\\\" complimented the video for revolving around Azalea and paying homage to the song's lyrical story, and praised the rapper's lap dancing scene. Kyle Anderson of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" felt the video evoked the 1991 film \\\"Thelma & Louise\\\" and commended Azalea's \\\"full run of frame-grab-worthy outfits\\\". The music video has received over 280 million views on YouTube as of November 2017. Azalea first performed \\\"Work\\\" during the Manchester-stop of Rita Ora's Radioactive Tour on 29 January 2013. She reprised the song until the tour's final date in mid-February, before performing it again during\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1525400\",\n \"text\": \"Under Construction. The lead single, \\\"Work It\\\" reached #2 on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Hot 100 chart and won the \\\"Video of the Year\\\" award at MTV's Video Music Awards. The second single, \\\"Gossip Folks\\\" featuring Ludacris, became a Top 10 hit on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Hot 100 chart, was one of the most-played music videos on MTV, MTV2, MTV Jams, and BET in 2003 and was embraced by the dance community, as well as the mainstream, due to a Fatboy Slim remix. A third single was never released, though a video was shot for \\\"Back In The Day\\\" featuring Jay-Z and Elliott was set\",\n \"title\": \"Missy Elliott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15840890\",\n \"text\": \"coworkers at Coreco are Kristin, a clingy divorced mother who instantly took a shine to Lee; Kelly, who is far more apt to cavort with men and indulge in drink than to do her job; Grace, the condescending regional sales leader; and Vanessa, the boss, whom the workers wrongly assume is a lesbian, and whom Angel immediately becomes enamored with. In addition to the women at work, the guys have to hide their secret identities from Lee's wife Connie, a nurse who works in a doctor's office; his teenaged daughter Kat; and Connie's brother Brian, who was laid off along\",\n \"title\": \"Work It (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19265896\",\n \"text\": \"working for money, as well as discussing fragile relationships. The song is in the Jamaican Patois language and three of its writer-producers: Rupert “Sevn” Thomas, Matthew 'Boi-1da' Samuels, and Jahron 'PartyNextDoor' Brathwaite, are Jamaican-Canadians. Critical response to \\\"Work\\\" was mixed; critics praised its composition and Rihanna's decision to return to her earlier themes of dancehall music, while others were more skeptical of the song's potential as a comeback for the singer. It was nominated for two awards at the 59th Grammy Awards: Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, and has been included on several year-end lists. The\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Rihanna song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17159215\",\n \"text\": \"Jacob Plant and Burns—was then made available on 7 April 2013. In the United States, the song impacted rhythmic contemporary radio on 25 June 2013. An official remix featuring American rapper Wale was premiered by Samsung on 28 June 2013. In the remix, Wale performs a 16-bar rap in place of Azalea's second verse in the song. The remix was well received by reviewers from Idolator, \\\"Rap-Up\\\", The Line of Best Fit, and \\\"XXL\\\". A 13-track remix bundle and the Wale remix was then released in the United States on 16 and 23 July 2013 respectively. \\\"Work\\\" received universal acclaim\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17159201\",\n \"text\": \"Mullumbimby, New South Wales to Miami, Florida at age 16. In sequence with its lyrical story, the snap and trap track begins with a sad-stringed verse segment before significantly increasing in tempo at its drum and synth-heavy refrain. A number of music critics consider the song to be among Azalea's best output, namely praising her flow and the depth of the lyrical content. Commercially, \\\"Work\\\" became a sleeper hit; it peaked at number 17 on the UK Singles Chart and number 54 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, but was certified silver and platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI)\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20306444\",\n \"text\": \"A Little Work \\\"A Little Work\\\" is a song recorded by American singer Fergie for her second solo studio album, \\\"Double Dutchess\\\" (2017). The song was released as the album's fifth single, and distributed to contemporary hit radio on November 14 in the United States by Dutchess Music and BMG Rights Management. An accompanying music video, directed by Jonas Åkerlund, was released alongside the album. Fergie first performed the song live on \\\"The Today Show\\\" on September 22, 2017 at the launch of Double Dutchess. After the song was chosen as a single, it was promoted on \\\"The Talk\\\" on\",\n \"title\": \"A Little Work\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14251509\",\n \"text\": \"Khaled with his BET Awards and is filmed mostly against a green screen, also featuring a scene of his appearance at the 2008 BET Hip-Hop Awards show accepting an award for his song \\\"I'm So Hood (Remix)\\\". A video for the official remix was shot in Florida. The video was directed by Dayo & Gil Green. Photos of the shoot were also leaked online. The video features cameos from Nicki Minaj, Fabolous, Fat Joe, Jadakiss, Puff Daddy, Ace Hood, Cam'Ron and Busta Rhymes. A behind-the-scenes video was released on June 2, 2010. The remix's music video was released on June\",\n \"title\": \"All I Do Is Win\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17159205\",\n \"text\": \"not fit into a song on its own. Azalea wrote the song with The Invisible Men, Trocon Markous Roberts and Natalie Sims. Sims stated that she, FKi, and Azalea had initially met back in 2008, but lost touch when Azalea moved to Los Angeles. The track specifically drew inspiration from a period when Azalea suffered from depression, and dropped out of high school to become a domestic worker with her mother. Azalea saved money for a flight ticket to Miami and left Mullumbimby, New South Wales before she turned 16—an event referenced in the song's lyric \\\"No money / No\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16495356\",\n \"text\": \"Chamber of Diaries Chamber of Diaries is the debut solo mixtape by American R&B artist Kalenna Harper, previously of Diddy Dirty Money fame, released on June 13, 2012. The mixtape's lead single, \\\"Go to Work\\\", was released on March 15, 2012. Before going solo, Harper was a member of the R&B trio Diddy Dirty Money before they split in 2011. They released their debut album \\\"Last Train to Paris\\\" in 2010. The album follows Diddy's alter-ego as he travels from London to Paris to regain a lost love. It also introduces the world to Diddy's R&B/Hip-Hop collective, Dirty Money, a\",\n \"title\": \"Chamber of Diaries\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19265913\",\n \"text\": \"the Year at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards.\\\"Work\\\" won the awards for \\\"R&B Song of the Year\\\" and \\\"Best Collaboration\\\" at the 2017 iHeartRadio Music Awards. In France, \\\"Work\\\" peaked at number one on the chart for two weeks, becoming Rihanna's sixth number-one in the country, the second-highest amount of all time. The single also broke the record for the most streams in a single week, with 2.056 million streams. For the issue dated February 13, 2016, \\\"Work\\\" debuted at number nine on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart. It became the 27th top-ten hit for Rihanna and 15th for\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Rihanna song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17159200\",\n \"text\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song) \\\"Work\\\" is a song recorded by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea for her debut studio album, \\\"The New Classic\\\" (2014). It was released as Azalea's debut single as a lead artist, and the album's lead single on 17 March 2013. The track was written by Azalea, Trocon Markous Roberts, Natalie Sims, and The Invisible Men who produced it with 1st Down of FKi. Hailed by Azalea as her most personal song, \\\"Work\\\" was developed with motivational and inspirational intentions to portray her life story; specifically dealing with her struggle as an up-and-coming rapper, and her relocation from\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17159243\",\n \"text\": \"series of \\\"So You Think You Can Dance\\\" which aired on 9 July 2014. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Work (Iggy Azalea song) \\\"Work\\\" is a song recorded by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea for her debut studio album, \\\"The New Classic\\\" (2014). It was released as Azalea's debut single as a lead artist, and the album's lead single on 17 March 2013. The track was written by Azalea, Trocon Markous Roberts, Natalie Sims, and The Invisible Men who produced it with 1st Down of FKi. Hailed by Azalea as her most personal song, \\\"Work\\\" was developed with motivational\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8579835\",\n \"text\": \"Work to Do \\\"Work to Do\\\" is a 1972 funk song by The Isley Brothers, released on their T-Neck imprint. The song, written and produced by the group, was issued on their 1972 album, \\\"Brother, Brother, Brother\\\", and charted at #51 pop and #11 R&B upon its initial charting. Lyrically, the song explicates a troubled situation between a man and his girlfriend/wife, concerning the lack of quality time spent with each other. The man pleads that as much as he cannot wait to get home and spend time with her, he has a more pressing obligation/commitment to attend to work.\",\n \"title\": \"Work to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17159225\",\n \"text\": \"number 54 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 where it accumulated a total of 20 weeks on the chart. The sales resurgence also saw the single attain a new peak of number 14 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, where it initially bowed at number 35 in September 2013. In September 2014, the track was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 1 million units. In January 2015, \\\"Billboard\\\" named it one of the biggest hits to have peaked at number 54 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. In Canada, \\\"Work\\\" debuted on the Canadian\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9795049\",\n \"text\": \"I Got That Work I Got That Work is the third studio album by American hip hop duo Big Tymers. It was released May 16, 2000, by Cash Money Records and Universal Records. The album features the singles, \\\"Get Your Roll On\\\" and \\\"#1 Stunna\\\", which was also featured on \\\"The Original Kings of Comedy\\\" soundtrack. A music video was made for the song \\\"10 Wayz\\\". \\\"I Got That Work\\\" debuted at #3 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 with first-week sales of 187,000 copies in the US. The album received a Platinum certification on September 15, 2000, by the Recording Industry\",\n \"title\": \"I Got That Work\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10638324\",\n \"text\": \"of North America. Prominently pushed by a re-arranged remix by British producer duo Freemasons, \\\"Work\\\" enjoyed major commercial success and eventually became Rowland's best-charting solo single since her 2002 songs \\\"Dilemma\\\" and \\\"Stole\\\", reaching the top-ten in Australia, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. \\\"Work\\\" is her fourth international most successful solo single to date, behind \\\"Dilemma\\\", \\\"When Love Takes Over\\\" and \\\"Stole\\\". The music video for \\\"Work\\\" was filmed in Los Angeles, California and was directed by Philip Andelman. The video shows Rowland and her dancers posed in silhouette and shot against backdrops of vivid\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Kelly Rowland song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18954831\",\n \"text\": \"1970s and early 1980s, and in the same period was part of the resurgence of Studio One. His popularity soared in the early 1980s with the release of \\\"Bobby Bobylon\\\". Other popular hits of McGregor's include \\\"Big Ship\\\", \\\"Push Comes to Shove\\\", \\\"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\\\" (a top ten hit in the UK), and \\\"I Was Born a Winner\\\"; as well as cover versions of many early reggae standards. He has also worked with producers Junjo Lawes, Linval Thompson, and Gussie Clarke. McGregor has also recorded as a drummer with artists such as Sugar Minott and Judy Mowatt.\",\n \"title\": \"Freddie McGregor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7129822\",\n \"text\": \"I Used to Work in Chicago \\\"I Used to Work in Chicago\\\" is a drinking song. It was written by songwriter and entertainer Larry Vincent. The earliest printed date for the song is March 1945 in the underground mimeographed songbook \\\"Songs of the Century\\\", however versions of the song circulated \\\"on the street\\\" as early as 1938 according to the Digital Tradition Folk Music Database. Many of the lyrics are considered humorous because of the oblique sexual references. The song is often chanted by various British university sports teams. After World War II, there were various versions of this song\",\n \"title\": \"I Used to Work in Chicago\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6734931\",\n \"text\": \"was certified gold. In late 2002, Elliott released her fourth album \\\"Under Construction\\\" which went double platinum (her first multi-platinum release, as all of Elliott's previous albums stalled at platinum). The album spawned two hit singles, the Grammy award-winning and the 7x MTV VMA nominated song \\\"Work It\\\" and \\\"Gossip Folks\\\" and the two radio hit single's \\\"Pussycat\\\" and \\\"Back In The Day.\\\" In 2003, Elliott released her platinum selling fifth album \\\"This Is Not A Test!\\\". Although it did go platinum, it wasn't as successful as Elliott's previous efforts. The two single's \\\"Pass That Dutch\\\" and \\\"I'm Really Hot\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Goldmind Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6305467\",\n \"text\": \"Darva Conger Darva Conger (born September 21, 1965) is a former emergency department nurse who in 2000 was selected as the winner of the reality television show \\\"Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire?\\\" Conger previously served in the U.S. Air Force, and at one time was stationed at Hill AFB in Utah, and then at Scott Air Force Base, near St. Louis. She studied nursing at Southern Illinois University at the Edwardsville and Carbondale campuses, graduating \\\"magna cum laude\\\". Conger's mother is retired American actress Susan Harrison. In the show, which aired as a single two-hour broadcast on February 15,\",\n \"title\": \"Darva Conger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19265900\",\n \"text\": \"Subsequently, it was made available for digital download in most countries worldwide via the iTunes Store and was added for streaming on Apple Music, Spotify, and Tidal. \\\"Work\\\" was written by PartyNextDoor, Drake, Rihanna, Monte Moir, Rupert \\\"Sevn\\\" Thomas, Allen Ritter and Matthew Samuels, and was produced by Boi-1da, Sevn Thomas, Ritter, Kuk Harrell and Noah \\\"40\\\" Shebib. In the summer of 2015, Thomas, Ritter, Boi-1da, and Martin Mason, among others, stayed at Drake's house in Los Angeles for a mid-week period. Thomas described the time spent at the home as a \\\"beat factory, everyone was sitting there working and\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Rihanna song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16438063\",\n \"text\": \"queen (where she had applied initially to work as a waitress). Cox appeared as a contestant on the first season of \\\"I Want to Work for Diddy\\\"; afterwards she was approached by VH1 about show ideas. From that came the makeover television series \\\"TRANSform Me\\\", which made Cox the first African-American transgender person to produce and star in her own TV show. Both those shows were nominated for GLAAD media awards for outstanding reality programs, and when \\\"Diddy\\\" won in 2009, Cox accepted the award at the GLAAD ceremony, giving a speech described by the \\\"San Francisco Sentinel\\\" as \\\"among\",\n \"title\": \"Laverne Cox\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683522\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"I Got That Work\\\" had the singles \\\"Get Your Roll On\\\" and \\\"#1 Stunna\\\". Although the singles failed to debut on The Billboard Hot 100 music chart, I Got That Work was certified Platinum by the RIAA for selling over 1 million copies in the United States. \\\"Hood Rich\\\" had \\\"Still Fly\\\", which was nominated for a Grammy, and \\\"Oh Yeah!\\\" Hood Rich was also certified Platinum in the US. \\\"Big Money Heavyweight\\\" followed in 2003. \\\"Big Money Heavyweight was certified Gold in the US. In 2005, Mannie Fresh left the group and resigned from Cash Money. After his group\",\n \"title\": \"Birdman (rapper)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19733838\",\n \"text\": \"of the show was the same as in season eleven, and Dunkin Donuts sponsors the show for a third consecutive season. A guest judge joined the panel for each episode of the Judge Cuts round: Chris Hardwick, DJ Khaled, Laverne Cox and Seal. Darci Lynne Farmer was named the winner on the season finale, September 20, 2017. She was the third ventriloquist, third child and third female to win a season of \\\"America's Got Talent\\\". 10-year-old singer Angelica Hale placed second, and glow light dance troupe Light Balance came in third. Farmer won the show's prize of $1 million and\",\n \"title\": \"America's Got Talent (season 12)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19355365\",\n \"text\": \"Work from Home \\\"Work from Home\\\" is a song recorded by American girl group Fifth Harmony featuring American singer Ty Dolla Sign. The song impacted contemporary hit radio four days after its initial release on March 1, 2016 and was released as the lead single from the group's second studio album, \\\"7/27\\\" (2016). \\\"Work from Home\\\" was written by Daniel Bedingfield, Joshua Coleman, Dallas Koehlke, Jude Demorest, Tyrone Griffin, Jr., Alexander Izquierdo, and Brian Lee with production from Coleman and Dallas Koehlke. The song is primarily an R&B track that incorporates elements of trap music and tropical house beats with\",\n \"title\": \"Work from Home\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18934543\",\n \"text\": \"Sofia Ashraf Sofia Ashraf (born 1987) is an Indian rapper and singer. Her songs address the negligence of corporations that fail to clean up industrial disasters. Her 2008 song \\\"Don't Work for Dow\\\" criticizes Dow's failure to compensate victims of the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy in India. In 2015 she released \\\"Kodaikanal Won't\\\", a music video addressing mercury pollution in Kodaikanal from a thermometer factory owned by Unilever, a multinational consumer goods company. In June 2016, she released \\\"Dow vs. Bhopal: a Toxic Rap Battle\\\". In 1987, Sofia Ashraf was born and brought up in an orthodox Malayali Muslim household\",\n \"title\": \"Sofia Ashraf\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7129823\",\n \"text\": \"commercially recorded (e.g. by Spike Jones). A verse from Spike Jones's version: I Used to Work in Chicago \\\"I Used to Work in Chicago\\\" is a drinking song. It was written by songwriter and entertainer Larry Vincent. The earliest printed date for the song is March 1945 in the underground mimeographed songbook \\\"Songs of the Century\\\", however versions of the song circulated \\\"on the street\\\" as early as 1938 according to the Digital Tradition Folk Music Database. Many of the lyrics are considered humorous because of the oblique sexual references. The song is often chanted by various British university sports\",\n \"title\": \"I Used to Work in Chicago\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8408447\",\n \"text\": \"costs are not separately covered however, and can easily absorb the additional payment – especially for those undertaking the \\\"full time\\\" version. Work for the Dole was first proposed by the Liberal Party of Australia in 1987, and was enacted on a trial basis a year after it gained power at the 1996 federal election in their traditional coalition. Despite mixed feelings among younger people, at whom the program was aimed, there was little mainstream opposition when it was launched. On 1 July 1998, all job seekers aged 18–24 that had been claiming benefits for six months or more were\",\n \"title\": \"Work for the Dole\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3392421\",\n \"text\": \"a barber, a mortician or engage in a host of other occupations, without first getting a permit or license from a government official. Many laws were supported by existing professionals and their organizations in an effort to ensure a level of competence. Other observers believe their efforts were directed at simply restraining competition to increase prices for fees. In response, entrepreneurs and activists have won numerous court cases securing constitutional protection for the right to earn a living. Such cases have won the right to work for Louisiana monks who sell caskets, Philadelphia independent tour guides, Colorado taxi drivers, and\",\n \"title\": \"Right to work\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20322902\",\n \"text\": \"Go to Work \\\"Go to Work\\\" is a song by Irish recording artist Nadine Coyle. The song was released as a digital download on 8 September 2017 by Virgin EMI Records. \\\"Go to Work\\\" is Coyle's first single since the release of \\\"I Could Be\\\" with Shane Filan in 2015, and her first single as the lead artist since \\\"Sweetest High\\\" in 2011. Coyle announced the single on 23 August 2017, and published a dance rehearsal clip, audio snippet, and music video preview via Twitter to promote the song. The music video was released on 15 September, one week after\",\n \"title\": \"Go to Work\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20816315\",\n \"text\": \"A Job To Do \\\"A Job to Do\\\" is a song by American rock musician Jerry Cantrell, written for the end credits of the 2017 film \\\"\\\". The song was featured on \\\"John Wick: Chapter 2 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)\\\", and it is the last track on the album. \\\"A Job to Do\\\" marks the first time Jerry Cantrell released a solo song since 2002. The song was recorded at Igloo Music Studios in Burbank, California between November 8, 2015 and January 21, 2016. Jerry Cantrell wrote the lyrics from the perspective of Keanu Reeves' title character in \\\"\\\". Cantrell\",\n \"title\": \"A Job To Do\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10104328\",\n \"text\": \"Gotta Work \\\"Gotta Work\\\" is a song by American R&B singer-songwriter Amerie, and is the second international single from her third studio album, \\\"Because I Love It\\\" (2007). It samples Sam & Dave's 1966 song \\\"Hold On, I'm Comin'\\\", written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter and originally recorded by Reuben Wilson. The sample used is from a cover version by Erma Franklin, off her album 'Soul Sister' (1969). Amerie called the sound of the song \\\"'go-go soul'\\\", saying go-go \\\"[is] like really strong black coffee, some people can't ingest it in its purest form.\\\" This song is featured at\",\n \"title\": \"Gotta Work\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4856257\",\n \"text\": \"nominees: Winner: \\\"Marie-Élaine Thibert\\\", Marie-Élaine Thibert Other nominees: Winner: \\\"Mi Destino/My Destiny\\\", Oscar Lopez Other nominees: Winner: \\\"American Idiot\\\", Green Day Other nominees: Winner: \\\"\\\", David Braid Other nominees: Winner: \\\"New Danzon\\\", Hilario Duran Trio Other nominees: Winner: \\\"The Girl in the Other Room\\\", Diana Krall Other nominees: Winner: \\\"Under My Skin\\\", Avril Lavigne Other nominees: Winner: \\\"Chuck\\\", Sum 41 Other nominees: Winner: \\\"40 Days\\\", The Wailin' Jennys Other nominees: Winner: \\\"Hopetown\\\", Jenny Whiteley Other nominees: Winner: \\\"African Guitar Summit\\\", Mighty Popo, Madagascar Slim, Donne Robert, Alpha Ya Ya Diallo, Adam Solomon, Pa Joe Other nominees: Winner: \\\"Crabbuckit\\\", k-os Other\",\n \"title\": \"Juno Awards of 2005\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3288504\",\n \"text\": \"and the following year, the band's debut album \\\"If This Is Rock and Roll, I Want My Old Job Back\\\" entered the Irish albums chart at number one. In 1992 the band released their second Album \\\"All The Way From Tuam\\\", which included live favorites \\\"Green & Red Of Mayo\\\", \\\"Exhilarating Sadness\\\" and \\\"You Got Me On The Run\\\" as well as the singles \\\"Wake Up Sleeping\\\", \\\"Pied Piper\\\", \\\"Never Mind The Strangers\\\", \\\"Me Heart Is Living In The Sixties Still\\\" and their next number one hit, \\\"Hay Wrap\\\". After the release of \\\"All The Way From Tuam\\\", the band\",\n \"title\": \"The Saw Doctors\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1525381\",\n \"text\": \"chart. With the release of \\\"Miss E... So Addictive\\\" (2001), \\\"Under Construction\\\" (2002), and \\\"This Is Not a Test!\\\" (2003). Elliott established an international career that yielded hits including \\\"Get Ur Freak On\\\", \\\"One Minute Man\\\", \\\"4 My People\\\", \\\"Gossip Folks\\\", and \\\"Work It\\\". The latter won her a Grammy Award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance; Elliott went on to win four Grammy Awards and sell over 30 million records in the United States. She is the best-selling female rapper in Nielsen Music history according to \\\"Billboard\\\" in 2017. Melissa Arnette Elliott was born on July 1, 1971, at\",\n \"title\": \"Missy Elliott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13868403\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Put Your Hands Up\\\" featuring Schife, Young Jeezy, Rick Ross and Plies, was released on February 8, 2010. On March 2, 2010, the music video was released for \\\"Put Your Hands Up\\\" featuring Schife, Young Jeezy, Rick Ross and Plies. Plies was not featured in the music video, and his part in the song skips over to Rick Ross. The album's third single, \\\"All I Do Is Win\\\" featuring T-Pain, Ludacris, Rick Ross and Snoop Dogg, was released on February 8, 2010. The song peaked at number 24 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, in which it became his most\",\n \"title\": \"Victory (DJ Khaled album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3735120\",\n \"text\": \"account executive from Los Angeles. James had won the Wendy's Wild Card Contest to gain entry onto the show. The next group of six was introduced in episode two, and, for the first time, featured a second Wendy's Wild Card winner. Episode two's competitors were Jason Ashworth, a 23-year-old assistant tour manager from New Freedom, Pennsylvania; Winston Bell, a 35-year-old banker from Cleveland; Jason Horowitz, a 21-year-old student at Syracuse University who originally hails from West Bloomfield, Michigan; Stephanie Rich, a 35-year-old travel coordinator from Arlington, Texas; Whitney Scott, a 24-year-old sports information assistant from Lockwood, Missouri; and David Holmes,\",\n \"title\": \"Dream Job (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8851251\",\n \"text\": \"Brian Mannix Brian Mannix (born 7 October 1961 in Melbourne) is an Australian rock music singer and actor. He was formerly the lead singer of 1980s band Uncanny X-Men, and in 2006 performed in the \\\"Countdown Spectacular\\\" and at the 2006 AFL Grand Final. Uncanny X-Men are known for their hits such as \\\"The Party\\\", \\\"How Do You Get Your Kicks?\\\", \\\"50 Years\\\" and \\\"Everybody Wants to Work\\\". Mannix was also a regular on the ABC1 television quiz show \\\"Spicks and Specks\\\" where he usually played on Myf Warhurst's team. Mannix appeared as a contestant on Channel 7's series of\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Mannix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20287961\",\n \"text\": \"Next Chef competition, which she won. She was also featured in the Star Power tournament on the 33rd season of Food Network's \\\"Chopped\\\", in 2017. She finished third on the semifinal episode featuring Internet stars. In 2011, Johnson married her long-time collaborator Sharpe. In October 2014, they welcomed the arrival of their son Flint. The three of them moved to Los Angeles in 2015. Together, Johnson and Sharpe serve on the board of the charitable organization GiveBackLA, where they are in charge of social media. Hilah Johnson Hilah Johnson is an American chef, Internet personality, and author from Austin, Texas.\",\n \"title\": \"Hilah Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1346567\",\n \"text\": \"(2006). In 2009, Combs formed the musical group Diddy – Dirty Money and released the critically well-reviewed and commercially successful album \\\"Last Train to Paris\\\" (2010). Combs has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards, and is the producer of MTV's \\\"Making the Band\\\". In 2018, \\\"Forbes\\\" estimated his net worth at $825 million, making him the second-richest hip hop recording artist. Sean John Combs was born on November 4, 1969 in Manhattan's Harlem in New York City and was raised in Mount Vernon, New York. His mother, Janice (Smalls), was a model and teacher's assistant and\",\n \"title\": \"Sean Combs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19355404\",\n \"text\": \"Ellen DeGeneres Show\\\" on May 10, dancing in and around a car prop and at the 2016 \\\"Billboard\\\" Music Awards on May 22 alongside Ty Dolla Sign. Other performances include the 2016 Much Music Video Awards and the 2016 CMT Music Awards, where the group performed the song with country singer Cam, as a mashup with Cam's single, Mayday. The track was covered by British singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran in a radio appearance in the United Kingdom. Other artists who covered the song include classical crossover group Clean Bandit with Louisa Johnson at the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge, where Fifth\",\n \"title\": \"Work from Home\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8058010\",\n \"text\": \"of their albums. Winner: Anne Murray Other nominees: Winner: Bruce Cockburn Other nominees: Winner: Shari Ulrich Other nominees: Winner: Eddie Schwartz Other nominees: Winner: Loverboy Other nominees: Winner: Saga Other nominees: Winner: Mike Reno and Paul Dean, \\\"Turn Me Loose\\\" by Loverboy Other nominees: Winner: Anne Murray Other nominees: Winner: Ronnie Hawkins Other nominees: Winner: The Good Brothers Other nominees: Winner: Bruce Cockburn Other nominees: Winner: Liona Boyd Other nominees: Winner: Paul Dean / Bruce Fairbairn, \\\"Working for the Weekend\\\" and \\\"When It's Over\\\" by Loverboy Other nominees: Winner (tied): Other nominees: Winner: Neil Young Winner: \\\"Loverboy\\\", Loverboy Other nominees:\",\n \"title\": \"Juno Awards of 1982\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19265914\",\n \"text\": \"Drake. With this feat, Rihanna tied Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson and Elton John as the artists with the fifth-most top-ten songs on the chart. The singer scored 27 top-ten singles on the Hot 100 in a span of 10 years and eight months between her first single, \\\"Pon de Replay\\\" and \\\"Work\\\", and became the fastest solo artist to reach the plateau. It also became Rihanna's 50th song that charted on the Hot 100. \\\"Work\\\" debuted at number one on the US Digital Songs chart with over 126,000 copies sold in only just over a day. It debuted at number\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Rihanna song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4415356\",\n \"text\": \"Rita MacNeil Rita MacNeil, CM, ONS (May 28, 1944 – April 16, 2013) was a Canadian singer from the community of Big Pond on Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Island. Her biggest hit, \\\"Flying On Your Own\\\", was a crossover Top 40 hit in 1987 and was covered by Anne Murray the following year, although she had hits on the country and adult contemporary charts throughout her career. In the United Kingdom, MacNeil's song \\\"Working Man\\\" was a No. 11 hit in 1990. In 1990, she was the bestselling country artist in Canada, outselling even Garth Brooks and Clint Black. She\",\n \"title\": \"Rita MacNeil\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10104331\",\n \"text\": \"a lather and doing the song she has sampled a service. Get your back into it, just like she does, and the benefits can be instantly felt.\\\" \\\"Gotta Work\\\" was ranked number seventy-one on MTV Asia's list of Top 100 Hits of 2007. Gotta Work \\\"Gotta Work\\\" is a song by American R&B singer-songwriter Amerie, and is the second international single from her third studio album, \\\"Because I Love It\\\" (2007). It samples Sam & Dave's 1966 song \\\"Hold On, I'm Comin'\\\", written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter and originally recorded by Reuben Wilson. The sample used is from\",\n \"title\": \"Gotta Work\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683512\",\n \"text\": \"In 2018 the duo reunited for the album \\\"Before Anythang\\\" which produced the single \\\"Designer Caskets.” They recorded their first Platinum-selling album in 2000 titled \\\"I Got That Work\\\". The lead single from \\\"I Got That Work\\\", \\\"Number One Stunna\\\" peaked at No. 24 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. The group released its most successful album in 2002 titled \\\"Hood Rich\\\". The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 200 and spawned a major hit in \\\"Still Fly\\\" which reached No. 11 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. The group later recorded their final album titled \\\"Big\",\n \"title\": \"Big Tymers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16319675\",\n \"text\": \"Bennett’s vocal for the LMFAO hit \\\"Party Rock Anthem\\\", which became a number 1 hit on the Billboard pop charts. His selected credits and discography also include: Compositions for the \\\"Do It Again\\\" film score -- Robert Patton-Spruill’s documentary about \\\"The Boston Globe\\\" reporter Geoff Edgers' quest to reunite The Kinks; the theme song and much of the score for the TV Land hit series \\\"How'd You Get So Rich?\\\" featuring Joan Rivers; and the theme song for the History Channel series \\\"The Works\\\". Brain has produced five RIAA certified Platinum and Gold albums and singles, including a Platinum single\",\n \"title\": \"Dow Brain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19265898\",\n \"text\": \"collaborator Director X, while the second was directed by Tim Erem. The song was further promoted with live performance's at the 2016 BRIT Awards which featured guest appearances from Drake and SZA, the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards, as well as being performed on the Anti World Tour. \\\"Work\\\" became the first dancehall song to top the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 since Sean Paul's \\\"Temperature\\\" (2006) and was succeeded three weeks later by another dancehall song, Drake's \\\"One Dance\\\". Following the release of Rihanna's seventh studio album, \\\"Unapologetic\\\", and its accompanying tour, Rihanna took a step back from music. Rihanna aimed\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Rihanna song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10094754\",\n \"text\": \"among adults 18–49, making it rank first for the night. Television critics gave positive reviews to the finale. It won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay – Episodic Comedy and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series. In addition, Jenna Fischer received a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Confident that he will get the corporate job in New York City, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) sells his condo and names Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) his successor as Regional Manager. Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) cheerfully\",\n \"title\": \"The Job (The Office)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20496719\",\n \"text\": \"who opted to keep Ashland Craft instead. Both Blake Shelton and Jennifer Hudson wanted to use the option of stealing the eliminated Kohanski and she chose to continue as part of Team Blake, eventually winning on 19 December 2017 the season title with \\\"Wish I Didn't Love You\\\". This marks the sixth victory for the veteran \\\"The Voice\\\" coach Blake Shelton as he adds to his record as the mentor with the most wins of the show. Kohanski won the $100,000 grand prize and a record deal with Universal Music Group. She said that she'll continue her efforts to bring\",\n \"title\": \"Chloe Kohanski\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14251511\",\n \"text\": \"cameos on the video. Swizz Beatz was not included in the video. DJ Khaled also raps a verse on the remix. There is another remix titled \\\"Hood Remix\\\" or \\\"G-Mix\\\" which is by Nappy Boy artist Young Cash. The remix features a new rap line up, Yo Gotti, Gudda Gudda, Bun B, Ice Berg, 2 Chainz, T-Pain, & Field Mob. On this version, instead of T-Pain on the chorus, Young Cash is, while T-Pain delivers a verse of his own. The song has become an anthem for numerous sports teams, most notably the Auburn Tigers football team during their 2010\",\n \"title\": \"All I Do Is Win\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4856255\",\n \"text\": \"and artists. The following awards were presented during the primary ceremonies, with other categories awarded at a non-televised ceremony the previous night: Winner: Avril Lavigne Other Nominees: Winner: Feist Other Nominees: Winner: Billy Talent Other Nominees: Winner: Avril Lavigne Other Nominees: Winner: Alexisonfire Other Nominees: Winner: Ron Sexsmith, \\\"Whatever It Takes\\\", \\\"Not About to Lose\\\", \\\"Hard Bargain\\\" Other Nominees: Winner: Bob Rock, \\\"Welcome to My Life\\\" by Simple Plan and \\\"Some Kind of Monster\\\" by Metallica Other Nominees: Winner: L. Stu Young, \\\"What Do You Want\\\" and \\\"Man in Your Life\\\" by Prince, \\\"Musicology\\\" Other Nominees: Winner: The Tragically Hip\",\n \"title\": \"Juno Awards of 2005\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6550441\",\n \"text\": \"Elliott's most successful single to date. A remix of this song features 50 Cent. The end of the song samples \\\"Take Me to the Mardi Gras\\\" by Bob James and was also sampled in one of Missy's first features \\\"The Things That You Do\\\", and the synth pattern in the rhythm track samples the intro of \\\"Heart of Glass\\\" by Blondie. A portion of the song's lyrics helped popularize the slang term \\\"badonkadonk\\\" with mainstream audiences (\\\"Love the way my butt go bum-bump-bum-bump-bump/Keep your eyes on my bum-bump-bum-bump-bump/And think you can handle this badonk-a-donk-donk\\\"). During the chorus, the lyric \\\"I\",\n \"title\": \"Work It (Missy Elliott song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19660803\",\n \"text\": \"Blooom Blooom, often stylized as \\\"blooom\\\", is an online Registered Investment Adviser that manages individual participant accounts in employer sponsored retirement plans such as 401(k), 403(b), or TSP. Non-profit organization, LaunchKC, awarded Blooom a $50,000 grant in September 2015. In October 2015, Blooom closed a $4 million Series A funding round led by QED Investors and had over $110 million in assets under management (AUM). Additional Series A investors included DST Systems, Commerce Ventures, Hyde Park Venture Partners, and UMB Financial Corporation. In November 2015, the company won the “One in a Million” competition and corresponding $10,000 award from the\",\n \"title\": \"Blooom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15101400\",\n \"text\": \"2010. Employees of the Year Employees of the Year is the debut EP from the Toronto rap group The 20/20 Project. It was released by Incognito Entertainment on July 27, 2010 and marketed by URBNET Records and was produced, mixed and mastered by DjUnknown. The album features one guest appearance by Akim of Tru-Paz on the remix to the lead single \\\"Back to Work\\\". The EP received generally positive reviews and consistently charted in the top 10 on a number of Campus Radio Stations across Canada. It peaked #1 on Ottawa's CHUO 89.1 hip hop charts the week ending November\",\n \"title\": \"Employees of the Year\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14111625\",\n \"text\": \"the music video. Plies does not include this video. The video premiered on BET's 106 & Park on March 3, 2010- along with the music video for \\\"All I Do Is Win\\\". Put Your Hands Up (DJ Khaled song) \\\"Put Your Hands Up\\\" is the second single from DJ Khaled’s fourth studio album Victory. The track features American rappers Young Jeezy, Plies, Rick Ross and Schife. It was officially released on February 8, 2010 along with \\\"All I Do Is Win\\\". The album version featuring an additional verse by Plies after Young Jeezy's part, which is the official remix. The\",\n \"title\": \"Put Your Hands Up (DJ Khaled song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7632921\",\n \"text\": \"April and onward every year. The last Take Our Daughters And Sons To Work Day occurred on Thursday, April 26, 2018, with more than 37 million Americans at over 3.5 million workplaces participating. Take Our Daughters To Work Day was created in New York City in the summer of 1992 by the Ms. Foundation for Women and its president, Marie C. Wilson, the Women's foundation treasurer, Ms. Daren Ball, and with support from foundation founder Gloria Steinem. The first celebration took place on April 22, 1993, and has since been celebrated on the fourth Thursday of April in order for\",\n \"title\": \"Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10800106\",\n \"text\": \"Kathy Durkin Kathy Durkin is an Irish singer in the Country and Irish genre. A native of Butlersbridge, Co. Cavan, she is best known for her hit \\\"The Clock in the Tower\\\" and \\\"Working Man\\\" which stayed 26 weeks in the charts. She is one of five daughters and three sons of the well-known fiddler Eugene Leddy, who toured Ireland with his Ceili band in the 1940s and 1950s. She currently lives in Cavan with Andy, her husband of 38 years and their family. Her son, Aindreas, is also a singer. Her sisters Anne and Phyll are also talented singers.\",\n \"title\": \"Kathy Durkin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17159226\",\n \"text\": \"Hot 100 at number 98 for the week-ending 27 September 2014, and reached a peak of number 87. It was certified gold by Music Canada (MC) for selling more than 40,000 copies. The accompanying music video for \\\"Work\\\" was directed by Jonas & François and filmed in Hollywood and Lancaster, California in February 2013. A budget of about $100,000 was used for the production. Initially, Azalea wanted to provide a literal representation of the song, and planned to shoot the clip in Australia, but time constraints prevented her from travelling to the country. Accordingly, a desert location was chosen to\",\n \"title\": \"Work (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1582679\",\n \"text\": \"Dido (singer) Dido Florian Cloud de Bounevialle O'Malley Armstrong (born 25 December 1971), known professionally as Dido (), is an English singer and songwriter. Dido attained international success with her debut album \\\"No Angel\\\" (1999). It sold over 21 million copies worldwide, and won her several awards, including two Brit Awards for Best British Female and Best Album, the MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act, and two NRJ Awards for Best New Act and Best Album. Her next album, \\\"Life for Rent\\\" (2003), continued her success with the hit singles \\\"White Flag\\\" and \\\"Life for Rent\\\". In 2004\",\n \"title\": \"Dido (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12253725\",\n \"text\": \"also a member of Drake's October's Very Own with Noah \\\"40\\\" Shebib and T-Minus. Boi-1da produced \\\"Party Favors\\\" for Tinashe for her album \\\"Nightride\\\". The single features Young Thug. In January 2016, Rihanna released the dancehall track \\\"Work\\\", featuring Drake. The song peaked at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, becoming the second Boi-1da produced track to top the charts. Between 2016 and 2017, Boi-1da continued to produce dancehall tracks, such as Drake's \\\"Controlla\\\", Tyga's \\\"1 of 1\\\", PartyNextDoor's \\\"Only U\\\" and Nicki Minaj's \\\"Regret in Your Tears\\\". He co-produced the 2016 Kanye West single \\\"Real Friends\\\". Boi-1da is\",\n \"title\": \"Boi-1da\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1453102\",\n \"text\": \"David Allan Coe David Allan Coe (born September 6, 1939) is an American singer. His biggest hits were \\\"Mona Lisa Lost Her Smile\\\", \\\"The Ride\\\", \\\"You Never Even Called Me by My Name\\\", \\\"She Used to Love Me a Lot\\\", and \\\"Longhaired Redneck\\\". His most popular songs are the number-one hits \\\"Would You Lay With Me (In a Field of Stone)\\\" and \\\"Take This Job and Shove It\\\". The latter inspired the movie of the same name. Coe was born in Akron, Ohio, on September 6, 1939. His favorite singer as a child was Johnny Ace. After being sent to\",\n \"title\": \"David Allan Coe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20659912\",\n \"text\": \"Sandra Bundy Sandra Bundy is best known for her part in landmark case \\\"Bundy v. Jackson\\\", which was the first federal appeals court case to hold that workplace sexual harassment was employment discrimination and a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Sandra Bundy was born on March 12, 1934 and grew up in Washington, D.C. Her father left the family when she was still a child. She has said she believes a lack of a father figure may have contributed to her problems with relationships later in life. She graduated in 1952 from Armstrong Technical, a D.C. public\",\n \"title\": \"Sandra Bundy\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who won i want to work for diddy"}}},{"rowIdx":79,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Sulkin"],"string":"[\n \"Sulkin\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"10341922","text":"and Catherine Tate. Sulkin also played the role of JJ in the Disney Channel comedy, \"As the Bell Rings\", worked on a CBBC children sci-fi show \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" (spin-off of \"Doctor Who\"), playing Adam in series 3 two-episode story \"The Mad Woman in the Attic\". Sulkin was part of Disney Channel's \"Pass the Plate\" as Gregg from the UK. He had a recurring guest role on the Disney Channel series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", where he played Alex's love interest Mason Greyback he reprised his role in 4 episodes of season 3 and returned to the series in","title":"Gregg Sulkin"},{"id":"17163087","text":"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex is a 2013 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy special episode based on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". It was directed by Victor Gonzalez and filmed primarily in Disney Studios in October and November 2012. The full cast of the series starred in the special, with the exception of David Henrie, although the character was mentioned frequently. The film focuses on the Russo family, Harper, and Mason visiting Italy for a family reunion. The special premiered on March 15, 2013 on the Disney Channel in the","title":"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex"},{"id":"9651553","text":"the Russo home. The Russo siblings attend Tribeca Preparatory School with Harper Finkle and constantly encounter their Old West style principal, Mr. Laritate (Bill Chott). Because they live in the mortal world, the Russos are required to keep the existence of wizardry a secret. Even so, Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle (Jennifer Stone), discovers the secret in Season 2's episode \"Harper Knows\". Justin's best friend, Zeke Beakerman (Dan Benson), also finds out in Season 4's episode \"Zeke Finds Out\", along with Alex's boyfriend, Mason Greyback (Gregg Sulkin), who is a werewolf and Justin's girlfriend, Juliet van Heusen (Bridgit Mendler), who","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"9651549","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won \"Outstanding Children's Program\" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009. A film adaptation of the series, \"\", premiered as a Disney Channel Original","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"4709836","text":"acclaimed webseries, \"The Booth at the End\". Berkeley is a painter and a sculptor, as well as a make-up artist. Berkeley met Sarah Clarke on the set of \"24\" in 2001, and married her the following year. Berkeley and Clarke live with their daughters, Olwyn Harper (born in 2006) and Rowan Amara (born in 2010), in Maine and in Los Angeles, California. Xander Berkeley Alexander Harper Berkeley (born December 16, 1955) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles of Sheriff Thomas McAllister on the crime drama \"The Mentalist\", George Mason on the political thriller series \"24\",","title":"Xander Berkeley"},{"id":"9651565","text":"Spain, on March 3, 2010 in France and on March 12, 2010 in Poland. Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won \"Outstanding Children's Program\" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"10774418","text":"Jennifer Stone Jennifer Lindsay Stone (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress. She is known for playing Harper Finkle on the Disney Channel series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", and the main character of \"\". Stone was first cast as Martha in \"Secondhand Lions\", for which she received a Young Artist Award nomination. She recalls only having recognized Michael Caine from \"Miss Congeniality\" while on the set of \"Secondhand Lions\". Stone also received a Young Artist Award nomination for her guest appearance on \"House\" She guest appeared on \"Line of Fire\" and \"Without a Trace\". In 2009, she had a","title":"Jennifer Stone"},{"id":"5918048","text":"\"\") and Sergeant Brutto in \"\". In 2005, he starred opposite Maggie Wheeler on the NBC pilot \"The Sperm Donor\". In 2012, he had a guest role on \"Rizzoli & Isles\" as Dominic. He portrayed the character of Jerry Russo, the family patriarch and former wizard on Disney Channel's \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and \"\" from 2007 to 2012. DeLuise also directed numerous episodes of the series, beginning with the episode \"My Tutor, Tutor\" (2009). He has since directed episodes of \"How to Rock\", \"See Dad Run\", \"Lab Rats\" and \"The Thundermans\". In August 2012 he appeared in a commercial","title":"David DeLuise"},{"id":"4709831","text":"Xander Berkeley Alexander Harper Berkeley (born December 16, 1955) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles of Sheriff Thomas McAllister on the crime drama \"The Mentalist\", George Mason on the political thriller series \"24\", Percy Rose on the action thriller series \"Nikita\", and the Man on \"The Booth At The End\". His notable film roles include Todd Voight in \"\", Gregory in AMC's \"The Walking Dead\" and Trevor Lyle in \"Candyman\". Berkeley was born on December 16, 1955, in Brooklyn, New York, but has lived most of his life in New Jersey. He is of Scottish","title":"Xander Berkeley"},{"id":"13046437","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie is a 2009 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy film based on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". It was directed by Lev L. Spiro and filmed primarily in San Juan, Puerto Rico in February and March 2009. The full cast of the series starred in the film, although Jennifer Stone only had a small role at the beginning of the film. The film focuses on the Russo family taking a vacation to the Caribbean. The film premiered on August 28, 2009 on the Disney Channel in","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"id":"10341920","text":"Gregg Sulkin Gregg Sulkin is a British actor. At age ten he made his film debut in the 2002 \"Doctor Zhivago\" mini-series. He later landed the starring role in the 2006 British release \"Sixty Six\", and subsequently became known for appearing in the Disney Channel comedy series \"As the Bell Rings\" and \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". In 2010, he starred in the Disney Channel television movie \"Avalon High\". He also appeared in the television special \"\". He starred on MTV's show \"Faking It\" as Liam Booker from 2014 until its cancellation in 2016. He also appeared on \"Pretty Little Liars\"","title":"Gregg Sulkin"},{"id":"9651555","text":"for himself and Bailey. The Disney Channel Original Movie, based on the series, premiered on August 28, 2009 on Disney Channel. \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\" was filmed in Puerto Rico in the caribe Hilton hotel, Los Angeles, and New York City from February 16 to March 27, 2009. The movie received 11.4 million viewers on its premiere, making it the second-most-viewed DCOM premiere in the US after \"High School Musical 2\". It was the seventh-most-watched basic cable telecast in 2009. It won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2010 for \"Outstanding Children's Program\". On Friday, January 6, 2012, \"Wizards","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"13046438","text":"the United States. It received 11.4 million viewers at its premiere, making it the second-most-viewed Disney Channel Original Movie premiere at that time, after \"High School Musical 2\". It was also cable's No. 1 scripted telecast of 2009 in total viewers. It premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 23, 2009 as part of Wiz-Tober 2009. It was released on DVD on December 15, 2009 as an Extended Edition. The film won the 2010 Primetime Emmy Award for Best Children Program. The Russo family, Alex, Justin, Max, and their parents Jerry and Theresa are preparing for a vacation to","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"id":"8109914","text":"show. \"Many were people I'd worked with in movies,\" said Gail Patrick Jackson. \"They were grateful and delivered on time—and powerfully. … Gloria Henry, Vaughn Taylor, Hillary Brooke, John Archer, Morris Ankrum, Don Beddoe, Fay Wray, Olive Blakeney, Paul Fix, Addison Richards. We also had newcomers like Darryl Hickman, Barbara Eden. The trick was to only use them once a year. People like Fay Wray came back several times, but as other characters.\" Patrick made it a point to hire her Hollywood acting contemporaries whenever possible. Some were semiretired and financially well-off, but still enjoyed performing. Character actor George E.","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"9740351","text":"Bailee Madison Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. In film, she played May Belle Aarons in \"Bridge to Terabithia\" (2007), Isabelle in \"Brothers\" (2009), Sally Hurst in \"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark\" (2010), Maggie in \"Just Go with It\" (2011), Harper Simmons in \"Parental Guidance\" (2012), and Kinsey in \"\" (2018). On television, she made guest appearances as Maxine Russo in \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and young Snow White in \"Once Upon a Time\". She also has a recurring role as Sophia Quinn in \"The Fosters\". In 2015, she began starring as Grace Russell in","title":"Bailee Madison"},{"id":"9740360","text":"their own lemonade stands. Bailee Madison Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. In film, she played May Belle Aarons in \"Bridge to Terabithia\" (2007), Isabelle in \"Brothers\" (2009), Sally Hurst in \"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark\" (2010), Maggie in \"Just Go with It\" (2011), Harper Simmons in \"Parental Guidance\" (2012), and Kinsey in \"\" (2018). On television, she made guest appearances as Maxine Russo in \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and young Snow White in \"Once Upon a Time\". She also has a recurring role as Sophia Quinn in \"The Fosters\". In 2015, she began starring","title":"Bailee Madison"},{"id":"9651550","text":"Movie on August 28, 2009. The film adaptation won \"Outstanding Children's Program\" at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards earning the series its second consecutive Emmy. The farewell season won \"Outstanding Children's Program\" at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards bringing the franchise's total to three Emmy awards. \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" ended with 106 episodes over four seasons, surpassing \"That's So Raven\". Its series finale averaged nearly 10 million viewers (live and total views on same day), which made that episode the most-watched series finale in Disney Channel's history. On March 15, 2013, \"\" premiered as a one-hour television special. \"Wizards","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"11045658","text":"keep the fact that they are wizards a secret from most people outside of their immediate family. Alex's best friend is Harper Finkle (Jennifer Stone), a mortal to whom Alex reveals that she and her family are wizards after a few seasons. Ultimately, Alex must eventually compete against her brothers to determine who will remain the Russo family's only wizard, as only one wizard is allowed per family. Outside of wizardry, Alex is interested in becoming an artist. At one point, Alex begins dating a werewolf named Mason. Alex debuts in the pilot episode of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Crazy","title":"Alex Russo"},{"id":"722000","text":"Series at the 11th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1959. Nominated again in 1960, he received his second Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Series (Lead) at the 13th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1961. Burr was named Favorite Male Performer, for \"Perry Mason\", in \"TV Guide\" magazine's inaugural \"TV Guide\" Award readers poll in 1960. He also received the second annual award in 1961. In 1960, Burr was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6656 Hollywood Boulevard. Burr received six Emmy nominations (1968–72) for his work in the TV series \"Ironside\". He was","title":"Raymond Burr"},{"id":"10341923","text":"its fourth season, and through to its finale. Sulkin has also landed a role in the thriller \"The Heavy\". In 2010, he went to New Zealand to film the Disney Channel Original Movie \"Avalon High\", which premiered on 12 November 2010. In an interview with Kyle Martino, aired on Soccer Talk Live on the Fox Soccer Channel in the US, Sulkin announced that he was a fan of Arsenal. Sulkin participated the Disney Channel's Friends for Change Games and was on the Yellow Team. He reprised his role as Mason Greyback in \" which premiered on Disney Channel in March","title":"Gregg Sulkin"},{"id":"8650167","text":"production personnel had worked on the original \"Perry Mason\" series (including executive producer Cornwell Jackson, producers Ernie Frankel and Art Seid, and director Arthur Marks), the series was made without the participation of any members of the original cast, with Monte Markham taking over the role that Raymond Burr played in the original series. Produced by 20th Century Fox Television, it aired Sundays at 7:30 pm (EST) on CBS, the same network which had aired the original series, during the 1973-74 season. A total of 15 episodes were produced and aired. However, this revival was cancelled at midseason, after failing","title":"The New Perry Mason"},{"id":"5763564","text":"2009, March played Mason Jarvis on the daytime drama series \"As the World Turns\". He also appeared in \"Degrassi Takes Manhattan\", a film adaptation of the which was released in 2010. After leaving \"As the World Turns\", March quit acting, and established a new business, the New York Firewood Company. The firm supplies wood for restaurants and private residences in New York City. Forbes March Forbes March (born May 12, 1973) is a British-born Canadian actor. Although born in Bristol, England, he was raised in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Forbes March, the son of Dr. Peter March, a former philosophy professor","title":"Forbes March"},{"id":"14630550","text":"Max compete in the family wizard competition. Alex wins and gains full wizardry; Justin becomes a full wizard as well when Professor Crumbs reveals he is retiring as headmaster of WizTech and passes the position to Justin. Jerry also decides to pass down the Waverly Sub Station to Max one day since he is the only child who is not a wizard anymore. The series ends with hugging and Alex saying that they are all happy. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Gregg Sulkin as Mason Greybeck, Ian Abercrombie as Professor Crumbs, David Barrera as Carlos Cucuy, Samantha Boscarino as","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"id":"14597402","text":"Taylor, Brian Kubach as Riley, Shane Lyons as Manny Kin, Eric Allan Kramer as Coach Gunderson, Chelsea Staub as Kari Langsdorf, Sara Paxton as Millie, Julie Brown as Ms. Angela and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo. The series was created and as executive produced by Todd J. Greenwald, who began developing the show after working as a writer and consulting producer during the first season of \"Hannah Montana\". The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney Channel Original Productions. The theme song, \"Everything Is Not What It Seems\", written by John Adair and Steve Hampton, is of","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)"},{"id":"5918046","text":"David DeLuise David Dominick DeLuise (born November 11, 1971) is an American actor and television director best known for his starring roles on \"Megas XLR\" and \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". DeLuise was born in 1971, the youngest son of actor and comedian Dom DeLuise and actress Carol Arthur (née Arata). He is the brother of actor, writer, director Peter DeLuise and actor Michael DeLuise. He married Brigitte DeLuise in September 1994. They were divorced in May 2003. They have two daughters, Riley DeLuise, who appeared in \"Hairshirt\" with him, and Dylan DeLuise. His godmother was the late Anne Bancroft and","title":"David DeLuise"},{"id":"14597439","text":"Laritate, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie Nichols, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Moisés Arias as Conscience, Bella Thorne as Nancy Lukey, Fred Willard as Mr. Stuffleby, Austin Butler as George, Shakira as Herself, Ted McGinley as Magroder, John O'Hurley as Captain Jim Bob Sherwood, Wilmer Valderrama as Uncle Ernesto, Kate Flannery as Elaine Finkle, and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3) The third season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from October 9, 2009 to October 15, 2010. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)"},{"id":"9409610","text":"Donald Foster (actor) Henri Donald Foster (July 31, 1889 – December 23, 1969) was an American actor who appeared in a number of television series during the 1950s and 1960s, including \"Perry Mason\", \"The Addams Family\", \"Bewitched\" and \"The Monkees\". He played recurring character Herbert Johnson, the Baxters' dotty neighbor in the 1960s sitcom, \"Hazel\". He also had bit parts in a few Hollywood films. Foster's first acting experience was on a showboat on the Mississippi River. His Broadway debut came in \"The Country Cousin\" (1917). His final Broadway performance was in \"The Ponder Heart\" (1956). On December 23, 1969,","title":"Donald Foster (actor)"},{"id":"13046448","text":"punishments with grace. While Theresa and Jerry remember nothing about the ordeal, Alex, Justin, and Max do. Their parents are astonished by the change in the kids' attitude. The full cast of the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" starred in the film. However, Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle only made appearances at the beginning of the film, and did not star. \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\" was filmed primarily in San Juan, Puerto Rico between February and March 2009. Hotel scenes were shot at the Caribe Hilton Hotel in San Juan, while the main cave scene,","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"id":"9651559","text":"between good and evil atop the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The film is titled \"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex\" and premiered on March 15, 2013. This series was created and as produced by Todd J. Greenwald, who began developing the show after working as a writer and consulting producer during the first season of \"Hannah Montana\". The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney Channel Original Productions. The theme song, \"Everything Is Not What It Seems\", written by John Adair and Steve Hampton, is of techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series was","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"13046450","text":"Selena Gomez recorded a \"Magic\" cover for the film that is featured on the soundtrack for the film and television show. A sneak peek of the film aired during the conclusion of the four-part \"\" event on Disney Channel on August 8, 2009 and on Family Channel during the week of August 24, 2009. The What's What Edition of the film premiered on October 24, 2009 on Disney Channel. The film premiered on Disney Channel as a Disney Channel Original Movie on August 28, 2009. The film premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 23, 2009 as part of","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"id":"8933646","text":"(1954-1955). In the 1960s, he guest starred in numerous situation comedy television series, including \"Guestward, Ho!\", \"Pete and Gladys\", \"Bringing Up Buddy\", \"The Tab Hunter Show\", \"Mister Ed\", \"Leave It to Beaver\", \"The Jack Benny Program\", \"Petticoat Junction \", and \"Hazel\". He also was cast in episodes of \"Peter Gunn\", \"Sea Hunt\", \"Wagon Train\", \"The Roaring 20s\", \"The Virginian\", \"Arrest and Trial\", and \"87th Precinct\" He played the Virginia statesman George Wythe in the episode \"George Mason\" in the 1965 NBC documentary series, \"Profiles in Courage\". He made his last film in 1975. When his acting career declined he also","title":"William Bakewell"},{"id":"11185515","text":"Donald Woods (actor) Donald Woods (born Ralph Lewis Zink; December 2, 1906 – March 5, 1998) was a Canadian-American film and television actor whose career in Hollywood spanned six decades. Born in Brandon, Manitoba, Woods moved with his family to California where he was raised in Burbank. A son of William and Margaret Zink, Presbyterians of German descent. His younger brother, Clarence Russell Zink, also became an actor (Russ Conway). Woods graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, and made his film debut in 1928. His screen career was spent mostly in B movies, for example as lawyer Perry Mason","title":"Donald Woods (actor)"},{"id":"8109937","text":"starring in the first film and Hal Holbrook starring in the remaining three. Both Hale and Moses continued in their roles for all four films, and Mason's absence was explained by having him out of town. In August 2016, HBO announced a potential new series written by Nic Pizzolatto and starring Robert Downey Jr. In August 2017 a change in the writing staff for the project was announced, with Rolin Jones and Ron Fitzgerald taking over for Pizzolatto. When asked by a fan why Perry Mason won every case, Burr told her, \"But madam, you see only the cases I","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"14597437","text":"from Harper and Alex, who has resumed her relationship with Mason after \"country magic\" restores him to human form. Justin attempts to fulfill a number of achievements he thinks make up a successful senior year at high school, including joining the basketball team, being elected student body president, hosting a big party, and winning the science fair with a water powered engine. Meanwhile, Alex meets a teenage wizard named Stevie Nichols (Hayley Kiyoko), who generals the same personality as Alex. Alex and Stevie become friends, much to Harper's dismay. Then, Stevie begins a wizard revolution and Alex tricks her into","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)"},{"id":"8109901","text":"1 DVD. A 2014 study found that Netflix users rate Raymond Burr as their favorite actor, with Barbara Hale number seven on the list. \"The New Perry Mason,\" a 1973 revival of the series with a different cast, was poorly received and ran for 15 episodes. In 1985, the first in a successful series of 30 Perry Mason television films aired on NBC, with Burr reprising the role of Mason in 26 of them before his death in 1993. In August 2016, HBO announced plans to potentially make a new series. Perry Mason is a distinguished criminal defense lawyer practicing","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"9425212","text":"book by John Grisham. She was originally hired to work on casting, but asked Schumacher if she could audition for a part. Other film credits include: \"Never Been Kissed,\" \"Big Momma's House\", \"Bad Santa\", \"Spider-Man\", \"Coach Carter\", \"Win a Date with Tad Hamilton!\" and \"Pretty Ugly People\". She has made a number of guest appearances on television series, including \"Raising the Bar\", \"\", \"The Big Bang Theory\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Grounded for Life\", \"ER\", \"Titus\", \"Becker\", \"30 Rock\" and \"Dharma & Greg,\" plus a recurring role on \"Mom\". She is best known for her starring roles as Serenity Johnson","title":"Octavia Spencer"},{"id":"721956","text":"Raymond Burr Raymond William Stacy Burr (May 21, 1917September 12, 1993) was a Canadian American actor, primarily known for his title roles in the television dramas \"Perry Mason\" and \"Ironside\". He was prominently involved in multiple charitable endeavors, such as working on behalf of the United Service Organizations. Burr's early acting career included roles on Broadway, radio, television and in film, usually as the villain. His portrayal of the suspected murderer in the Alfred Hitchcock thriller \"Rear Window\" (1954) is regarded as his best-known film role; although he is also remembered for his role in the Americanized version of the","title":"Raymond Burr"},{"id":"8109900","text":"of the five most popular shows on television. Raymond Burr received two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor, and Barbara Hale received an Emmy Award for her portrayal of Mason's confidential secretary Della Street. \"Perry Mason\" and Burr were honored as Favorite Series and Favorite Male Performer in the first two \"TV Guide\" Award readers' polls. In 1960, the series received the first Silver Gavel Award presented for television drama by the American Bar Association. \"Perry Mason\" has aired in syndication in the United States and internationally ever since its cancellation, and the complete series has been released on Region","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"14630551","text":"Lisa Cucuy, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Frank Pacheco as Felix, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet van Heusen, Daniel Samonas as Dean Moriarty, Bailee Madison as Maxine Russo, Shane Harper as Fidel, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, John Rubinstein as Gorog, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie, Fred Stoller as Dexter, Leven Rambin as Rosie, China Anne McClain as Tina, Kari Wahlgren as Helen, Cameron Sanders as Nelvis, Josh Sussman as Hugh Normous, Jackie Evancho as Herself, McKaley Miller as Talia, Valente Rodriguez as Muy Macho, and Nick Roux as Chase Riprock. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4) The fourth and","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"id":"14597401","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1) The first season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from October 12, 2007 to August 31, 2008. The season introduces the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) as they compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Amanda Tepe as Monotone Woman, Skyler Samuels as Gigi Hollingsworth, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Daryl Sabara as T.J.","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)"},{"id":"722022","text":"the services of attorney Ken Malansky, played by William R. Moses. The Perry Mason series of TV movies continued until Burr's death from kidney cancer in 1993. \"The Case of the Killer Kiss\" was Burr's final portrayal of Mason. The film aired after his death, and was dedicated to Burr's memory. Thereafter, the title of the series was changed to \"A Perry Mason Mystery\" and starred either Paul Sorvino or Hal Holbrook as lawyers and friends of Mason. Hale and Moses continued in their roles; Mason was ostensibly out of town. In August 2016, HBO announced a potential new series","title":"Perry Mason"},{"id":"10774420","text":"March 2013, at the age of 20. She left acting at that time to study for a university degree, first in psychology and later switching to nursing, so that she could get a better understanding of her disease. In January 2018 she was interviewed on the Diabetes Connections podcast about her diagnosis and how it has affected her life and career. She lives in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Jennifer Stone Jennifer Lindsay Stone (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress. She is known for playing Harper Finkle on the Disney Channel series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", and the","title":"Jennifer Stone"},{"id":"5918049","text":"for KFC's Original Recipe Bites. David DeLuise David Dominick DeLuise (born November 11, 1971) is an American actor and television director best known for his starring roles on \"Megas XLR\" and \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". DeLuise was born in 1971, the youngest son of actor and comedian Dom DeLuise and actress Carol Arthur (née Arata). He is the brother of actor, writer, director Peter DeLuise and actor Michael DeLuise. He married Brigitte DeLuise in September 1994. They were divorced in May 2003. They have two daughters, Riley DeLuise, who appeared in \"Hairshirt\" with him, and Dylan DeLuise. His godmother was","title":"David DeLuise"},{"id":"4901288","text":"William Talman (actor) William Whitney Talman, Jr. (February 4, 1915August 30, 1968) was an American television and movie actor, best known for playing Los Angeles District Attorney Hamilton Burger in the television series \"Perry Mason\". William Talman was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Ada Barber and William Whitney Talman, a vice president of an electronics company. His maternal grandparents, Catherine Gandy and James Wells Barber, were immigrants from England. Talman founded the drama club at the Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. He continued to act at Dartmouth College and the University of Michigan. After college, he worked in summer","title":"William Talman (actor)"},{"id":"14630544","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4) The fourth and final season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from November 12, 2010 to January 6, 2012. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their magical family and begin to make difficult decisions about their futures. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the second season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition. Season 4 of","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"id":"19481797","text":"Orpheus Pledger Orpheus Pledger (11 May 1993) is an Australian actor. He played Tycho Everson in the children's series \"Silversun\", and appeared as Noah Parkin in \"Neighbours\" in 2011. From June 2016, Pledger began starring as Mason Morgan in the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\". In 2002, an eight-year-old Pledger starred in writer-director Emma Freeman's short film \"Lamb\". The following year, Pledger began appearing as Lewis Harfield in the drama series \"CrashBurn\". Pledger starred as Tycho Everson in the science fiction children's series \"Silversun\" in 2004. Pledger has also made appearances in \"The Secret Life of Us\", \"Welcher &","title":"Orpheus Pledger"},{"id":"7361372","text":"Marian McCargo Marian McCargo Bell (March 18, 1932 – April 7, 2004) was an American actress and champion tennis player who later found success in film and television roles. She was sometimes credited as Marian Moses. Born in Pittsburgh, McCargo attended Boston's West Hills College. In 1951, she married Richard Cantrell Moses, who later became an advertising executive in Los Angeles. They had four sons: actors Rick and William R. Moses; director Harry Moses; and Graham Moses. They were divorced in 1963. McCargo first entered acting as a supporting player on such popular television shows as \"Perry Mason\" (in 1964","title":"Marian McCargo"},{"id":"8109942","text":"Mason\" in 1966. In 1970, the station began the long tradition of showing reruns of \"Perry Mason\" weekdays during its noon time slot. This unprecedented run ended 42 years later, on September 3, 2012, when KPTV ceased broadcasting the show. It continued to be shown on KPDX, sister station of KPTV, in the 8 AM time slot through September 12, 2014. The show now runs in primetime every night of the week on FETV. The series was distributed by CBS Films, then Viacom Enterprises, Paramount Domestic Television and CBS Paramount Domestic Television, and now by CBS Television Distribution. CBS posted","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"14630546","text":"waving her wand to reveal the title logo and the name of the creator. The theme song \"Everything Is Not What It Seems\" has also been remixed and sung by Selena Gomez for the fourth season of the show. Alex and Justin are sent back to level one in the wizard competition after \"exposing\" wizardry in \"Alex Tells the World\", leaving Max as the most expected to become the family wizard. In \"Alex Gives Up\", Alex quits the competition, but eventually decides to stay in the competition in \"Journey to the Center of Mason\" to be with Mason. Before then,","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"id":"9651562","text":"second in kids 6–11 (1.81 million/7.4 rating), which was only slightly behind \"The Suite Life on Deck\" (1.82 million/7.4 rating.) The show aired worldwide on Disney Channel. It premiered on October 12, 2007 in Pakistan. In Australia it premiered on October 19, 2007 and it also aired on Seven Network starting on October 4, 2008. It premiered on the same date in New Zealand and first aired on FOUR on February 4, 2009. It premiered on October 26, 2007 on Family in Canada. In the United Kingdom, it started airing on November 4, 2007 and it also airs on Channel","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"18709263","text":"sweet memorial.\" \"Perry Mason Returns\", the first television film in the series, was the second-highest-rated TV movie in American television during the 1985–86 season. All 30 Perry Mason television films are available on Region 1 DVD. They were released in five six-film sets that were initially available exclusively through Amazon.com. On June 7, 2016, the first four movie collections were given general retail release. Perry Mason (TV film series) A series of 30 Perry Mason television films aired on NBC from 1985 to 1995 as sequels to the CBS TV series \"Perry Mason\". After a hiatus of nearly 20 years,","title":"Perry Mason (TV film series)"},{"id":"8109928","text":"when William Talman, who played Hamilton Burger, was suspended for allegedly violating the morals clause in his contract, several assistant prosecutors were seen in court. Talman had attended a party at which he was charged with having engaged in indecent activities. He was later acquitted, and largely through the efforts of Burr, Talman was reinstated to the show. The show's theme music is one of the most recognizable in television. Composer Fred Steiner set out to write a theme that would project the two primary aspects of Mason's character — sophistication and toughness. \"The piece he came up with, titled","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"14597418","text":"Dean Moriarty (Daniel Samonas), and Juliet Van Heusen (Bridgit Mendler) respectively. The series characters cross over with \"The Suite Life on Deck\" and Hannah Montana in part one and two of \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\" featuring cast members from \"The Suite Life on Deck\" namely, Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan and Phill Lewis. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Dan Benson, Bill Chott, Skyler Samuels, Josh Sussman, Daryl Sabara, Cindy Crawford, Fred Willard, Rachel Dratch, Dwayne Johnson, Misty May-Treanor, JD Cullum, Anne Ramsay, Amanda Tepe and Jeff Garlin. Alex has another love interest, her classmate","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)"},{"id":"9409611","text":"Foster died at his home in Hollywood, California. He was 80 years old. Donald Foster (actor) Henri Donald Foster (July 31, 1889 – December 23, 1969) was an American actor who appeared in a number of television series during the 1950s and 1960s, including \"Perry Mason\", \"The Addams Family\", \"Bewitched\" and \"The Monkees\". He played recurring character Herbert Johnson, the Baxters' dotty neighbor in the 1960s sitcom, \"Hazel\". He also had bit parts in a few Hollywood films. Foster's first acting experience was on a showboat on the Mississippi River. His Broadway debut came in \"The Country Cousin\" (1917). His","title":"Donald Foster (actor)"},{"id":"9651563","text":"5. It premiered on November 3, 2007 in Ireland and also aired on TRTÉ. It premiered in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the Philippines on March 9, 2008. It first aired in India and Bangladesh on May 5, 2008. In South Africa it premiered on June 22, 2008. The soundtrack album for the hit Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was released as a physical CD, enhanced CD and digital on August 4, 2009, under Walt Disney Records. The album includes songs from and inspired by the TV series and \"\". In response to the soundtrack,","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"14597403","text":"techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series is filmed at Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California. Set on Waverly Place in Manhattan, New York's Greenwich Village neighborhood, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" centers on the Italian-Mexican Russo family, which includes Alex (Selena Gomez), her older brother Justin (David Henrie) and their younger brother Max (Jake T. Austin). The three Russo siblings are wizards in training and live with their Italian-American father Jerry (David DeLuise), a former wizard, and their Mexican-American mother Theresa, who is a mortal. Alex also has a mortal friend, Harper (Jennifer Stone), who at first","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)"},{"id":"14597433","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3) The third season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from October 9, 2009 to October 15, 2010. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their family and meet many friends and adversaries along the way. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the first season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition. The opening sequence is the same","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)"},{"id":"18709262","text":"who is ostensibly out of town. Both Barbara Hale and William R. Moses reprised their roles for all four films, although in the final film in 1995, Hale contributed only a small cameo with Holland Taylor substituting for her. Hale said that continuing the series was suggested by Burr. \"Raymond was so concerned that the crew keep working—we'd been with same crew for six years. He felt we must keep going as long as the audience was as kind to us as they are. It's the show that will keep going, but not the character. I do think it's a","title":"Perry Mason (TV film series)"},{"id":"15188389","text":"Thomas Howes (actor) Thomas Howes (born 1986) is an English actor and musician. He trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. He is best known for having played the role of William Mason, the second footman in ITV's \"Downton Abbey\", and played the role of Manchester United player Mark Jones in the 2011 TV film of the Munich air disaster, \"United\". He also has performed on the stage in the roles of Dickie in \"The Winslow Boy\" (The Theatre Royal, Bath) and Scripps in \"The History Boys\" (The UK tour of the National Theatre), and on radio in","title":"Thomas Howes (actor)"},{"id":"12133747","text":"the mother of Fernando Hernandez-Guerrero-Fernandez-Guerrero on the Netflix series \"Fuller House\". Barrera has been married to actor David Barrera since 1999, with whom she has two daughters. Maria Canals-Barrera Maria Pilar Canals-Barrera (née Canals, born September 28, 1966) is an American actress. Canals-Barrera co-starred in a number of short-lived sitcoms, worked as a voice actress, and appeared in several films. She is best known for her role as Theresa Russo in the Disney Channel family sitcom, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" (2007–2012). She played the role of Connie Torres in \"Camp Rock\" (2008) and \"\" (2010) and co-starred as Lala Pinedo","title":"Maria Canals-Barrera"},{"id":"13046455","text":"December 15, 2009, in Germany and France on December 2, 2009, and in the United Kingdom on February 22, 2010. The film has not been released on Blu-ray. The film's first teaser trailer was released on Disney Channel on June 17, 2009. The full-length trailer was released on June 26, 2009, during the premiere of Selena Gomez's other Disney Channel Original Movie, \"Princess Protection Program\". In June 2010, production of a second film was announced. Dan Berendsen was to return as script writer for the film. Since that announcement, no other updates were made about the sequel. On April 25,","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"id":"17768499","text":"George Leech (actor) George Leech (6 December 1921 – 17 June 2012) was a British film actor and stunt performer who was notable for his work on eleven James Bond films. Leech was born in London and left school at 14. He was a boxer who won the ABA National Championships when he was 15 as a welterweight and he joined the Royal Navy in 1943. His first job in movies was performing a stunt involving falling down steps doubling for James Mason in \"Odd Man Out\" (1947). He was notable for his contributions to James Bond films from 1962","title":"George Leech (actor)"},{"id":"8109943","text":"full 60-minute episodes on its website from the first and second seasons for viewing. A 2014 article in \"The Atlantic\" that examined how Netflix categorized nearly 77,000 different personalized genres found that \"Perry Mason\" star Raymond Burr was rated as the favorite actor by Netflix users. Barbara Hale was rated seventh. Christian Nyby II, the director of many of the television movies and whose father directed many episodes of the TV series, led the list of directors. Todd Yellin, vice president of product innovation for Netflix and the person who designed the system, was at a loss to explain what","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"13046456","text":"2011, Selena Gomez confirmed in an interview that the proposed sequel would not be filmed. However, on July 28, 2011, Maria Canals Barrera stated in an interview that the project was \"not 100% dead anymore\" and that she was \"hopeful\" that a second film would be produced. Later, it was confirmed that the \"Wizards\" would return in a special event entitled \"\" in early 2013. Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie is a 2009 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy film based on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". It was directed by","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"id":"3260993","text":"Tidus from \"Final Fantasy X\". He also voiced Fred Flintstone in commercials from 2005 up to 2011, following the death of Henry Corden. Taylor is a long-time comic book and \"Star Wars\" fan. He is married to Allison Taylor since 1991. Together they have one daughter named Lydia. In 2013, he published the book \"JAT 365: 365 Inspirations for the Pursuit of Your Dreams\". In 2018, he began the podcast \"Talking to Myself\". James Arnold Taylor James Arnold Taylor (born July 22, 1969) is an American voice actor, known for portraying Ratchet in the \"Ratchet & Clank\" franchise; the main","title":"James Arnold Taylor"},{"id":"13434150","text":"CD for \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" includes exclusive behind-the-scenes interviews with Gomez and also the new music video for \"Magic\". The album debuted at #24 on the Billboard 200, selling 18,000 units in its first week. It has sold 2,005,000 copies in the U.S. to date. The soundtrack was released in the UK on October 5, 2009, although not stocked up in most of the UK, and in Mexico released on August 14, 2009. Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack) Wizards of Waverly Place is the soundtrack album from the Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack)"},{"id":"7358508","text":"Jack Ellis (actor) John Stuart \"Jack\" Ellis (born 4 June 1955) is a British theatre and television actor from London, best known for his portrayal of villainous prison officer Jim Fenner in the TV series \"Bad Girls\". He has also appeared in ITV soap \"Coronation Street\" as Bookmaker Harry Mason. He and his former wife Christine Kavanagh, from whom he is now divorced, have two children, Theo and Alice. He was educated at Highgate School as were his older brothers Robin Ellis, also an actor, and the director Peter Ellis. Ellis is one of the few performers to have acted","title":"Jack Ellis (actor)"},{"id":"17163092","text":"up all of her powers to destroy her evil twin. In the end, Alex is given her magic back after accepting that she doesn't truly need it. The Russo family, Harper and Mason enjoy the rest of their family reunion before heading back to the Sub Station. The movie ends with Alex telling Harper that they should have to stay in Italy for a while because Jerry and Theresa got upset about their living room being destroyed from the battle between both Alexes. The majority of the cast of the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" (with the","title":"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex"},{"id":"20014951","text":"and Away\" as Martin Ashford. In 2017, Mason left \"Home and Away\" to star in the musical feature film \"Daffodils\". Mason was born and raised in Invercargill. He has two elder sisters. He attended Southland Boys' High School, where he played rugby for the Southland Boys' High School 1st XV and competed in speech competitions. Mason moved to Wellington in 2009 to study a Bachelor of Performing Arts at the Toi Whakaari New Zealand Drama School. Mason became engaged to his partner, French model Manon Buchalet in 2016. Mason was thirteen years old when a family friend encouraged him to","title":"George Mason (actor)"},{"id":"8683180","text":"Selena Gomez Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, 1992) is an American singer, actress, and producer. After appearing on the children's television series \"Barney & Friends\", she received wider recognition for her portrayal of Alex Russo on the Disney Channel television series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", which aired for four seasons from 2007 until 2012. With her former band Selena Gomez & the Scene, she attained the top-ten on the US \"Billboard\" 200, with the band's albums \"Kiss & Tell\" (2009), \"A Year Without Rain\" (2010) and \"When the Sun Goes Down\" (2011). As a solo artist, Gomez has released","title":"Selena Gomez"},{"id":"18709257","text":"Perry Mason (TV film series) A series of 30 Perry Mason television films aired on NBC from 1985 to 1995 as sequels to the CBS TV series \"Perry Mason\". After a hiatus of nearly 20 years, Raymond Burr reprised his role as Los Angeles defense attorney Mason in 26 of the television films. Following Burr's death in 1993, Paul Sorvino and Hal Holbrook starred in the remaining four television films that aired from 1993 to 1995, playing lawyers Anthony Caruso and \"Wild Bill\" McKenzie respectively. The original \"Perry Mason\" television series was broadcast on CBS television from 1957 to 1966.","title":"Perry Mason (TV film series)"},{"id":"17926019","text":"Bill Chott Bill Chott (born July 23, 1969) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Principal Hershel Laritate on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". During his school years, Chott appeared in numerous plays and musicals. He graduated from Ritenour High School, and has since been inducted into their Alumni Hall of Fame. He continued pursuing theater in college at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri, acting in a wide variety of plays. He was also in Chi Delta fraternity while at Central Methodist as well as Phi Mu Alpha","title":"Bill Chott"},{"id":"16435157","text":"Kenny Solomons Kenny Solomons (born 29 July 1986) English actor and model, known for his role as Mason in Brit-flick The Rapture, starring alongside Martin Kemp, Stephen Burkoff and Danny Dyer. Solomons lives in Sweden. He does also own his own café/barbershop franchise in Sweden, Hammarby Sjöstad, Norra Djurgårdsstaden and Uppsala. The name of the shop is Rusty Rascals. Solomons was born in Orsett, Essex and brought up with his four siblings in Thorpe Bay by his mother and father. He was privately educated at Thorpe Hall and went on to study musical theatre in England, before moving to Los","title":"Kenny Solomons"},{"id":"8109941","text":"appearances), four episodes of Season 7, and 14 episodes of the ninth and final season (including the final episode). It was not until the mid-1980s when TBS obtained the rights to the remaining episodes that all 271 \"Perry Mason\" episodes were seen in syndication. Episodes broadcast in syndicated re-runs are usually heavily edited, to allow for more time for commercials. As of August 2014, the TV series is shown weekdays on both Me-TV and the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries channel, as well as on local stations in various local markets. Portland, Oregon station KPTV first aired evening repeats of \"Perry","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"14931386","text":"Lion King\". He went on to star in the American and Chinese productions as well. Geno Segers Geno Segers (born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) is an American actor known for his roles as Chayton Littlestone on Cinemax's \"Banshee,\" Mason Makoola in the Disney XD television series \"Pair of Kings\", Kincaid on MTV's \"Teen Wolf\" and also as co-host of \"\" for two seasons. Born Lonnie G. Segers Jr, he is the oldest son of Lonnie G. Segers Sr. and Sandra Eldridge. His ancestry is Aboriginal American. Geno has been with girlfriend Maria Canapino since 2011. Segers was a footballer,","title":"Geno Segers"},{"id":"20014955","text":"in the soap opera \"Home and Away\". Mason's character was introduced as a friend of established character Darryl Braxton (Steve Peacocke) in October 2014. Mason has reprised his role as Ash in three feature length specials; \"\" (2015), \"\" (2016), and \"\" (2017). In 2017, Mason secured his first modelling job with underwear and clothing brand Bonds. Mason began filming the musical feature \"Daffodils\" in February 2018. The film is based on a stage play by Rochelle Bright and will be released in 2019. Mason stars as Eric, alongside Rose McIver as his love interest Rose, and singer Kimbra. Mason","title":"George Mason (actor)"},{"id":"8109922","text":"proud of you and of my association with you. I think that you saw possibilities in Raymond Burr which no one else saw. I think that you developed those possibilities and I think you have inspired not only the cast but the producers and directors. I think we are on the trail of a highly successful presentation.\" The series began filming in April 1957. Each episode was budgeted at $100,000. Filming took place on Stage 8 at the 20th Century-Fox studios near Western Avenue and Sunset Boulevard (where the show's production offices were located) and at CBS Studio Center, with","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"17449334","text":"his debut screen appearance as Mason on 22 February 2013, two weeks after the rest of his on-screen family began appearing. In his fictional backstory, Mason was originally born in June 1999. His birth date was changed to 15 February 1995 upon his introduction. Mason arrived in Erinsborough two weeks after his family due to being in juvenile detention, where he was serving a three-month sentence. Glockner revealed that Mason had fallen in with a bad crowd back in Mount Isa, where his family are from, and was led astray by \"troublemaker\" Robbo Slade (Aaron Jakubenko). Robbo developed a plan","title":"Mason Turner"},{"id":"8893802","text":"and Peter Tork\". James Frawley is not related to actor William Frawley (\"I Love Lucy\"). James Frawley James Frawley (born September 29, 1936 in Houston, Texas) is an American director and actor. He has been a member of the Actors Studio since at least 1961. He had a short-lived acting career, appearing in supporting roles in film and television from 1963 to 1966. A memorable appearance was the role of Hawaii District Attorney Alvarez in the 1965 \"Perry Mason\" episode \"The Case of the Feather Cloak\". In 1966 he was hired as a director for the new series \"The Monkees\";","title":"James Frawley"},{"id":"722005","text":"Mason\" starring Monte Markham, ran from 1973 to 1974; and 30 Perry Mason television films ran from 1985 to 1995, with Burr reprising the role of Mason in 26 of them prior to his death in 1993. The Perry Mason series ranks third in the top ten best selling book series. In 2015, the American Bar Association's publishing imprint, Ankerwycke, began reissuing Gardner's Perry Mason books, which had been out of print in the United States. As a child, Gardner was a reader of the magazine \"Youth's Companion\", published by the Perry Mason Company; Gardner later borrowed the name for","title":"Perry Mason"},{"id":"18201736","text":"fantasy adventure film produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, directed by Jon Turteltaub, and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Jay Baruchel, Alfred Molina, Teresa Palmer, and Monica Bellucci. The film is named after the \"Sorcerer's Apprentice\" segment in the films (with one scene being an extensive reference to it). \"The Nutcracker and the Four Realms\" is a 2018 American fantasy adventure film directed by Lasse Hallström and Joe Johnston, written by Ashleigh Powell, and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The film stars Keira Knightley, Mackenzie Foy, Eugenio Derbez, Matthew Macfadyen, Richard E. Grant, Misty Copeland, with Helen","title":"Fantasia (franchise)"},{"id":"7679417","text":"Candace Brown Candace June Brown (born June 15, 1980) is an American actress and comedian best known for her work on shows such as \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"Desperate Housewives\", \"Head Case\", The \"Wizards Of Waverly Place\". In 2011, she joined the guest cast for \"Torchwood\"s fourth series' \"\", airing on BBC One in the United Kingdom and premium television network Starz. Brown was born in Culver City, California, and was raised in the Los Angeles suburb of Glendale by her mother. She attended Glendale High School in Glendale and later attended California State University, Northridge to study Communications. She studied acting","title":"Candace Brown"},{"id":"13046454","text":"24. The song's music video has Gomez singing into a microphone with bright and flamboyant background, as well as including clips from \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\". \"Magic\" debuted at no. 61 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with 42,000 downloads. The film was released on DVD in the United States and Canada on December 15, 2009 as an \"Extended Edition\", which also came with a replica of the Stone of Dreams in a necklace. The film is in English, French and Spanish, and has subtitles in the same languages. The film was also released on DVD in Australia on","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"id":"12392701","text":"record deal. Shortly after, she started auditioning and received a minor role on \"Drake & Josh\" and other guest roles on shows such as \"Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide\", \"The O.C.\", \"Private Practice\" and \"Ruby & the Rockits\". She appeared in two episodes on both television shows \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" as Miranda Hampson and \"How I Met Your Mother\" as Katie Scherbatsky. In 2007, Hale appeared in NBC's short-lived series \"Bionic Woman\", a re-imagining from the 1976 series of the same name. Hale plays Becca Sommers, the younger sister of the title character Jaime Sommers (played by Michelle Ryan).","title":"Lucy Hale"},{"id":"9651557","text":"the finale is the current TV season's most-watched cable telecast among scripted programs. The show ended with Alex becoming the family wizard, Justin being declared new Headmaster of WizTech (also keeping his wizard powers), and Max getting to run the sub shop. On September 27, 2012, Disney Channel announced that \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" would return for an hour-long special, that began production on October 22, 2012, and ended production on November 10, 2012, for a premiere telecast on the cable channel in early 2013. The special, executive-produced by Selena Gomez, alongside series executive producers Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"8109916","text":"since the 1940s, Raymond Burr was a leading player on the West Coast and in 1956 was the star of CBS Radio's \"Fort Laramie\". Noted for his loyalty and consciousness of history, Burr went out of his way to employ his colleagues. Some 180 radio celebrities appeared on \"Perry Mason\" during the first season alone. The production staff of \"Perry Mason\" worked at being technically correct and responsive to an audience that included lawyers and judges. Producer Ben Brady practiced law in New York before entering show business; story editor Gene Wang graduated from law school in Florida; and executive","title":"Perry Mason (TV series)"},{"id":"14931384","text":"Geno Segers Geno Segers (born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) is an American actor known for his roles as Chayton Littlestone on Cinemax's \"Banshee,\" Mason Makoola in the Disney XD television series \"Pair of Kings\", Kincaid on MTV's \"Teen Wolf\" and also as co-host of \"\" for two seasons. Born Lonnie G. Segers Jr, he is the oldest son of Lonnie G. Segers Sr. and Sandra Eldridge. His ancestry is Aboriginal American. Geno has been with girlfriend Maria Canapino since 2011. Segers was a footballer, wrestler, and track athlete in high school and college. He played football at Western Carolina","title":"Geno Segers"},{"id":"5285523","text":"a live \"Robert Montgomery Presents\" (1950) version of \"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\"), for the same show played the lead in \"A Case of Identity\", later turned into the film \"The Wrong Man\" (1956), he was the first actor to play Albert Einstein on television. Ellenstein made his first film in 1954 (MGM's \"Rogue Cop\"), he was featured in Alfred Hitchcock's \"North by Northwest\". In 1961, he played the mobster Legs Diamond in an episode of NBC's 1920s crime drama \"The Lawless Years\" with James Gregory. Among his television appearances, Ellenstein guest starred in three episodes of \"Perry Mason\". In","title":"Robert Ellenstein"},{"id":"11814802","text":"Bridgit Mendler Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film \"The Legend of Buddha\", later starring in the films \"Alice Upside Down\" (2007), \"The Clique\" (2008) and \"Labor Pains\" (2009) as a teenager. In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". Following the positive reception to her character, she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series \"Good Luck Charlie\", which ran from April 2010 to February 2014. Mendler also starred in","title":"Bridgit Mendler"},{"id":"9004734","text":"Pizzolatto had signed a new deal with HBO through 2018. In August 2016, HBO announced a potential new series written by Pizzolatto and starring Robert Downey Jr., centering on the character of investigative attorney Perry Mason. Along with Richard Wenk, Pizzolatto co-wrote the screenplay for \"The Magnificent Seven\" (2016), a remake of the period-piece western \"The Magnificent Seven\" (1960) (which was itself a western remake of Akira Kurosawa's 1954 film \"Seven Samurai\"). Antoine Fuqua directed, and the film, released on September 23, 2016, starred Denzel Washington, Chris Pratt, Vincent D'Onofrio, Lee Byung-hun, Ethan Hawke, Peter Sarsgaard and others. The first","title":"Nic Pizzolatto"},{"id":"10308348","text":"Jake T. Austin Jake Austin Szymanski (born December 3, 1994), known professionally as Jake T. Austin, is an American actor. Beginning a career as a child actor at the age of seven, Austin is a five-time Young Artist Award nominee, two-time Teen Choice Award nominee and Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards nominee. Best known for his role as Max Russo on the Disney Channel series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", and as the voice of Diego on the Nickelodeon animated series \"Go, Diego, Go!\". Austin was also the original actor who portrayed Jesus Foster on the ABC Family family/teen drama series \"The","title":"Jake T. Austin"},{"id":"14167199","text":"Atherton, Sam Ayers, Michael Badalucco, Malcolm Barrett, Geoffrey Blake, Julie Bowen, Jack Carter, Jude Ciccolella, Tim Conlon, Bob Costas, Henry Czerny, Ethan Erickson, Noah Emmerich, Courtney Ford, Brad Garrett, Marcus Giamatti, Eileen Grubba, Ernie Grunwald, Mike Hagerty, Anne Marie Howard, Joe Hursley, Gregory Jbara, Kathryn Joosten, Sung Kang, Tom Kiesche, James Lesure, Peyton List, Robert Loggia, Scott MacDonald, Michael Mantell, Eric McCormack, Dina Meyer, Sandra Mitchell, Steve Monroe, Tom Nagel, Joanna Pacuła, Evan Peters, Greg Pitts, Jon Polito, Kali Rocha, Gena Rowlands (in an Emmy award-nominated performance), Douglas Sarine, Richard Schiff, Richard Steinmetz, David Strathairn, Steve Valentine, Marc Vann, Tracey","title":"Monk (season 7)"},{"id":"7358513","text":"of Stephen Kings \"Shawshank Redemption\", playing alongside Paul Nicholls and Ben Onwukwe. Jack Ellis (actor) John Stuart \"Jack\" Ellis (born 4 June 1955) is a British theatre and television actor from London, best known for his portrayal of villainous prison officer Jim Fenner in the TV series \"Bad Girls\". He has also appeared in ITV soap \"Coronation Street\" as Bookmaker Harry Mason. He and his former wife Christine Kavanagh, from whom he is now divorced, have two children, Theo and Alice. He was educated at Highgate School as were his older brothers Robin Ellis, also an actor, and the director","title":"Jack Ellis (actor)"},{"id":"9651560","text":"filmed at Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California. For the first three seasons the show used the same title sequence which is set to Selena Gomez's rendition of \"Everything Is Not What It Seems\"; it shows Alex, Justin, Max and Harper engaging in magical antics while preparing for school in the morning. The fourth season began using a slightly altered version of the song, and a different sequence involving the cast, who all appear in Times Square at the end of the sequence with Alex waving her wand. The show debuted on Disney Channel on October 12, 2007 after the","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"id":"17257301","text":"Grant Richards Grant Richards (21 December 1911 – 4 July 1963) was an American actor and voice actor, who appeared mainly in movies in the late 1930s through to the late 1950s. Richards was born in New York City. He was married to actress Joan Valerie. In 1937, he became the first actor in the Federal Theatre Project to gain a film contract, signing with the Major Pictures company. His films include \"On Such a Night\" (1937) and \"Guns, Girls, and Gangsters\" (1959). Richards made three guest appearances on \"Perry Mason\", as Jerry Haywood in the 1958 episodes \"The Case","title":"Grant Richards"},{"id":"15104503","text":"Peter Murrieta Peter Murrieta is an American television producer and writer. He is best known for his work on the Disney Channel sitcom \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", in which he served as head writer and executive producer during the first three seasons. He went on to win two Emmy Awards for his work on the series and \"\". His most recent work is being an executive producer for the Cartoon Network live-action series, \"Level Up\". He has two sons named Joaquin Aaron Murrieta and Daniel Storms Murrieta and is residing in the Los Angeles County. Murrieta's other television credits include","title":"Peter Murrieta"},{"id":"20979933","text":"contract with Hollywood Records, Gomez released the compilation album \"For You\" (2014) and released music videos for the single \"The Heart Wants What It Wants\". Gomez's second studio album \"Revival\" (2015) produced the music videos for \"Good for You\" and \"Same Old Love\", in 2015, \"Hands to Myself\" and \"Kill Em with Kindness\", in 2016. Gomez made her television debut in the children's television series \"Barney & Friends\". From 2007 to 2012, Gomez starred in the Disney Channel television series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" as Alex Russo. Gomez's acting credits include starring roles in the films \"Another Cinderella Story\" (2008),","title":"Selena Gomez videography"},{"id":"12133742","text":"Maria Canals-Barrera Maria Pilar Canals-Barrera (née Canals, born September 28, 1966) is an American actress. Canals-Barrera co-starred in a number of short-lived sitcoms, worked as a voice actress, and appeared in several films. She is best known for her role as Theresa Russo in the Disney Channel family sitcom, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" (2007–2012). She played the role of Connie Torres in \"Camp Rock\" (2008) and \"\" (2010) and co-starred as Lala Pinedo in \"Larry Crowne\" (2011). As a voice actress, she is known as Shayera Hol/Hawkgirl in \"Justice League\" and \"Justice League Unlimited\". She also voiced Sunset Boulevardez in","title":"Maria Canals-Barrera"},{"id":"8349533","text":"and uncompromising\". In the 2000s, Shapiro's career continues in multiple fields. He is performing stand-up comedy nationally and internationally, debuting a one-man show in 2007 in the Edinburgh Festival, and touring Australia in 2009. He had his first video game appearance in 2008, portraying the character Mason Waylon on the radio station PLR in \"Grand Theft Auto IV\", a guest on a talk show who eventually drills holes in the heads of the two other guests. Shapiro has an active acting career, appearing in numerous film and television productions. In film, his most recent roles are in \"Top Five\" by","title":"Rick Shapiro"},{"id":"1294501","text":"Gardner opposed the idea, CBS created \"The Edge of Night\", featuring John Larkin—who voiced Mason on the radio show—as a thinly veiled imitation of the Mason character. In 1957, \"Perry Mason\" became a long-running CBS-TV series, starring Raymond Burr in the title role. Burr had auditioned for the role of the district attorney Hamilton Burger, but Gardner reportedly declared he was the embodiment of Perry Mason. Gardner made an uncredited appearance as a judge in \"The Case of the Final Fade-Out\" (1966), the last episode of the series. Gardner and his first wife had separated in the early 1930s, and","title":"Erle Stanley Gardner"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"10341922\",\n \"text\": \"and Catherine Tate. Sulkin also played the role of JJ in the Disney Channel comedy, \\\"As the Bell Rings\\\", worked on a CBBC children sci-fi show \\\"The Sarah Jane Adventures\\\" (spin-off of \\\"Doctor Who\\\"), playing Adam in series 3 two-episode story \\\"The Mad Woman in the Attic\\\". Sulkin was part of Disney Channel's \\\"Pass the Plate\\\" as Gregg from the UK. He had a recurring guest role on the Disney Channel series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", where he played Alex's love interest Mason Greyback he reprised his role in 4 episodes of season 3 and returned to the series in\",\n \"title\": \"Gregg Sulkin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17163087\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex is a 2013 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy special episode based on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". It was directed by Victor Gonzalez and filmed primarily in Disney Studios in October and November 2012. The full cast of the series starred in the special, with the exception of David Henrie, although the character was mentioned frequently. The film focuses on the Russo family, Harper, and Mason visiting Italy for a family reunion. The special premiered on March 15, 2013 on the Disney Channel in the\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651553\",\n \"text\": \"the Russo home. The Russo siblings attend Tribeca Preparatory School with Harper Finkle and constantly encounter their Old West style principal, Mr. Laritate (Bill Chott). Because they live in the mortal world, the Russos are required to keep the existence of wizardry a secret. Even so, Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle (Jennifer Stone), discovers the secret in Season 2's episode \\\"Harper Knows\\\". Justin's best friend, Zeke Beakerman (Dan Benson), also finds out in Season 4's episode \\\"Zeke Finds Out\\\", along with Alex's boyfriend, Mason Greyback (Gregg Sulkin), who is a werewolf and Justin's girlfriend, Juliet van Heusen (Bridgit Mendler), who\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651549\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009. A film adaptation of the series, \\\"\\\", premiered as a Disney Channel Original\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4709836\",\n \"text\": \"acclaimed webseries, \\\"The Booth at the End\\\". Berkeley is a painter and a sculptor, as well as a make-up artist. Berkeley met Sarah Clarke on the set of \\\"24\\\" in 2001, and married her the following year. Berkeley and Clarke live with their daughters, Olwyn Harper (born in 2006) and Rowan Amara (born in 2010), in Maine and in Los Angeles, California. Xander Berkeley Alexander Harper Berkeley (born December 16, 1955) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles of Sheriff Thomas McAllister on the crime drama \\\"The Mentalist\\\", George Mason on the political thriller series \\\"24\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Xander Berkeley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651565\",\n \"text\": \"Spain, on March 3, 2010 in France and on March 12, 2010 in Poland. Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10774418\",\n \"text\": \"Jennifer Stone Jennifer Lindsay Stone (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress. She is known for playing Harper Finkle on the Disney Channel series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", and the main character of \\\"\\\". Stone was first cast as Martha in \\\"Secondhand Lions\\\", for which she received a Young Artist Award nomination. She recalls only having recognized Michael Caine from \\\"Miss Congeniality\\\" while on the set of \\\"Secondhand Lions\\\". Stone also received a Young Artist Award nomination for her guest appearance on \\\"House\\\" She guest appeared on \\\"Line of Fire\\\" and \\\"Without a Trace\\\". In 2009, she had a\",\n \"title\": \"Jennifer Stone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5918048\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"\\\") and Sergeant Brutto in \\\"\\\". In 2005, he starred opposite Maggie Wheeler on the NBC pilot \\\"The Sperm Donor\\\". In 2012, he had a guest role on \\\"Rizzoli & Isles\\\" as Dominic. He portrayed the character of Jerry Russo, the family patriarch and former wizard on Disney Channel's \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and \\\"\\\" from 2007 to 2012. DeLuise also directed numerous episodes of the series, beginning with the episode \\\"My Tutor, Tutor\\\" (2009). He has since directed episodes of \\\"How to Rock\\\", \\\"See Dad Run\\\", \\\"Lab Rats\\\" and \\\"The Thundermans\\\". In August 2012 he appeared in a commercial\",\n \"title\": \"David DeLuise\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4709831\",\n \"text\": \"Xander Berkeley Alexander Harper Berkeley (born December 16, 1955) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles of Sheriff Thomas McAllister on the crime drama \\\"The Mentalist\\\", George Mason on the political thriller series \\\"24\\\", Percy Rose on the action thriller series \\\"Nikita\\\", and the Man on \\\"The Booth At The End\\\". His notable film roles include Todd Voight in \\\"\\\", Gregory in AMC's \\\"The Walking Dead\\\" and Trevor Lyle in \\\"Candyman\\\". Berkeley was born on December 16, 1955, in Brooklyn, New York, but has lived most of his life in New Jersey. He is of Scottish\",\n \"title\": \"Xander Berkeley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13046437\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie is a 2009 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy film based on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". It was directed by Lev L. Spiro and filmed primarily in San Juan, Puerto Rico in February and March 2009. The full cast of the series starred in the film, although Jennifer Stone only had a small role at the beginning of the film. The film focuses on the Russo family taking a vacation to the Caribbean. The film premiered on August 28, 2009 on the Disney Channel in\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10341920\",\n \"text\": \"Gregg Sulkin Gregg Sulkin is a British actor. At age ten he made his film debut in the 2002 \\\"Doctor Zhivago\\\" mini-series. He later landed the starring role in the 2006 British release \\\"Sixty Six\\\", and subsequently became known for appearing in the Disney Channel comedy series \\\"As the Bell Rings\\\" and \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". In 2010, he starred in the Disney Channel television movie \\\"Avalon High\\\". He also appeared in the television special \\\"\\\". He starred on MTV's show \\\"Faking It\\\" as Liam Booker from 2014 until its cancellation in 2016. He also appeared on \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Gregg Sulkin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651555\",\n \"text\": \"for himself and Bailey. The Disney Channel Original Movie, based on the series, premiered on August 28, 2009 on Disney Channel. \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\" was filmed in Puerto Rico in the caribe Hilton hotel, Los Angeles, and New York City from February 16 to March 27, 2009. The movie received 11.4 million viewers on its premiere, making it the second-most-viewed DCOM premiere in the US after \\\"High School Musical 2\\\". It was the seventh-most-watched basic cable telecast in 2009. It won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2010 for \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\". On Friday, January 6, 2012, \\\"Wizards\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13046438\",\n \"text\": \"the United States. It received 11.4 million viewers at its premiere, making it the second-most-viewed Disney Channel Original Movie premiere at that time, after \\\"High School Musical 2\\\". It was also cable's No. 1 scripted telecast of 2009 in total viewers. It premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 23, 2009 as part of Wiz-Tober 2009. It was released on DVD on December 15, 2009 as an Extended Edition. The film won the 2010 Primetime Emmy Award for Best Children Program. The Russo family, Alex, Justin, Max, and their parents Jerry and Theresa are preparing for a vacation to\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109914\",\n \"text\": \"show. \\\"Many were people I'd worked with in movies,\\\" said Gail Patrick Jackson. \\\"They were grateful and delivered on time—and powerfully. … Gloria Henry, Vaughn Taylor, Hillary Brooke, John Archer, Morris Ankrum, Don Beddoe, Fay Wray, Olive Blakeney, Paul Fix, Addison Richards. We also had newcomers like Darryl Hickman, Barbara Eden. The trick was to only use them once a year. People like Fay Wray came back several times, but as other characters.\\\" Patrick made it a point to hire her Hollywood acting contemporaries whenever possible. Some were semiretired and financially well-off, but still enjoyed performing. Character actor George E.\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9740351\",\n \"text\": \"Bailee Madison Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. In film, she played May Belle Aarons in \\\"Bridge to Terabithia\\\" (2007), Isabelle in \\\"Brothers\\\" (2009), Sally Hurst in \\\"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark\\\" (2010), Maggie in \\\"Just Go with It\\\" (2011), Harper Simmons in \\\"Parental Guidance\\\" (2012), and Kinsey in \\\"\\\" (2018). On television, she made guest appearances as Maxine Russo in \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and young Snow White in \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\". She also has a recurring role as Sophia Quinn in \\\"The Fosters\\\". In 2015, she began starring as Grace Russell in\",\n \"title\": \"Bailee Madison\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9740360\",\n \"text\": \"their own lemonade stands. Bailee Madison Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. In film, she played May Belle Aarons in \\\"Bridge to Terabithia\\\" (2007), Isabelle in \\\"Brothers\\\" (2009), Sally Hurst in \\\"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark\\\" (2010), Maggie in \\\"Just Go with It\\\" (2011), Harper Simmons in \\\"Parental Guidance\\\" (2012), and Kinsey in \\\"\\\" (2018). On television, she made guest appearances as Maxine Russo in \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and young Snow White in \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\". She also has a recurring role as Sophia Quinn in \\\"The Fosters\\\". In 2015, she began starring\",\n \"title\": \"Bailee Madison\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651550\",\n \"text\": \"Movie on August 28, 2009. The film adaptation won \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\" at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards earning the series its second consecutive Emmy. The farewell season won \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\" at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards bringing the franchise's total to three Emmy awards. \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" ended with 106 episodes over four seasons, surpassing \\\"That's So Raven\\\". Its series finale averaged nearly 10 million viewers (live and total views on same day), which made that episode the most-watched series finale in Disney Channel's history. On March 15, 2013, \\\"\\\" premiered as a one-hour television special. \\\"Wizards\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11045658\",\n \"text\": \"keep the fact that they are wizards a secret from most people outside of their immediate family. Alex's best friend is Harper Finkle (Jennifer Stone), a mortal to whom Alex reveals that she and her family are wizards after a few seasons. Ultimately, Alex must eventually compete against her brothers to determine who will remain the Russo family's only wizard, as only one wizard is allowed per family. Outside of wizardry, Alex is interested in becoming an artist. At one point, Alex begins dating a werewolf named Mason. Alex debuts in the pilot episode of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Crazy\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Russo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"722000\",\n \"text\": \"Series at the 11th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1959. Nominated again in 1960, he received his second Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Series (Lead) at the 13th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1961. Burr was named Favorite Male Performer, for \\\"Perry Mason\\\", in \\\"TV Guide\\\" magazine's inaugural \\\"TV Guide\\\" Award readers poll in 1960. He also received the second annual award in 1961. In 1960, Burr was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6656 Hollywood Boulevard. Burr received six Emmy nominations (1968–72) for his work in the TV series \\\"Ironside\\\". He was\",\n \"title\": \"Raymond Burr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10341923\",\n \"text\": \"its fourth season, and through to its finale. Sulkin has also landed a role in the thriller \\\"The Heavy\\\". In 2010, he went to New Zealand to film the Disney Channel Original Movie \\\"Avalon High\\\", which premiered on 12 November 2010. In an interview with Kyle Martino, aired on Soccer Talk Live on the Fox Soccer Channel in the US, Sulkin announced that he was a fan of Arsenal. Sulkin participated the Disney Channel's Friends for Change Games and was on the Yellow Team. He reprised his role as Mason Greyback in \\\" which premiered on Disney Channel in March\",\n \"title\": \"Gregg Sulkin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8650167\",\n \"text\": \"production personnel had worked on the original \\\"Perry Mason\\\" series (including executive producer Cornwell Jackson, producers Ernie Frankel and Art Seid, and director Arthur Marks), the series was made without the participation of any members of the original cast, with Monte Markham taking over the role that Raymond Burr played in the original series. Produced by 20th Century Fox Television, it aired Sundays at 7:30 pm (EST) on CBS, the same network which had aired the original series, during the 1973-74 season. A total of 15 episodes were produced and aired. However, this revival was cancelled at midseason, after failing\",\n \"title\": \"The New Perry Mason\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5763564\",\n \"text\": \"2009, March played Mason Jarvis on the daytime drama series \\\"As the World Turns\\\". He also appeared in \\\"Degrassi Takes Manhattan\\\", a film adaptation of the which was released in 2010. After leaving \\\"As the World Turns\\\", March quit acting, and established a new business, the New York Firewood Company. The firm supplies wood for restaurants and private residences in New York City. Forbes March Forbes March (born May 12, 1973) is a British-born Canadian actor. Although born in Bristol, England, he was raised in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Forbes March, the son of Dr. Peter March, a former philosophy professor\",\n \"title\": \"Forbes March\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14630550\",\n \"text\": \"Max compete in the family wizard competition. Alex wins and gains full wizardry; Justin becomes a full wizard as well when Professor Crumbs reveals he is retiring as headmaster of WizTech and passes the position to Justin. Jerry also decides to pass down the Waverly Sub Station to Max one day since he is the only child who is not a wizard anymore. The series ends with hugging and Alex saying that they are all happy. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Gregg Sulkin as Mason Greybeck, Ian Abercrombie as Professor Crumbs, David Barrera as Carlos Cucuy, Samantha Boscarino as\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14597402\",\n \"text\": \"Taylor, Brian Kubach as Riley, Shane Lyons as Manny Kin, Eric Allan Kramer as Coach Gunderson, Chelsea Staub as Kari Langsdorf, Sara Paxton as Millie, Julie Brown as Ms. Angela and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo. The series was created and as executive produced by Todd J. Greenwald, who began developing the show after working as a writer and consulting producer during the first season of \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney Channel Original Productions. The theme song, \\\"Everything Is Not What It Seems\\\", written by John Adair and Steve Hampton, is of\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5918046\",\n \"text\": \"David DeLuise David Dominick DeLuise (born November 11, 1971) is an American actor and television director best known for his starring roles on \\\"Megas XLR\\\" and \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". DeLuise was born in 1971, the youngest son of actor and comedian Dom DeLuise and actress Carol Arthur (née Arata). He is the brother of actor, writer, director Peter DeLuise and actor Michael DeLuise. He married Brigitte DeLuise in September 1994. They were divorced in May 2003. They have two daughters, Riley DeLuise, who appeared in \\\"Hairshirt\\\" with him, and Dylan DeLuise. His godmother was the late Anne Bancroft and\",\n \"title\": \"David DeLuise\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14597439\",\n \"text\": \"Laritate, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie Nichols, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Moisés Arias as Conscience, Bella Thorne as Nancy Lukey, Fred Willard as Mr. Stuffleby, Austin Butler as George, Shakira as Herself, Ted McGinley as Magroder, John O'Hurley as Captain Jim Bob Sherwood, Wilmer Valderrama as Uncle Ernesto, Kate Flannery as Elaine Finkle, and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3) The third season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from October 9, 2009 to October 15, 2010. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9409610\",\n \"text\": \"Donald Foster (actor) Henri Donald Foster (July 31, 1889 – December 23, 1969) was an American actor who appeared in a number of television series during the 1950s and 1960s, including \\\"Perry Mason\\\", \\\"The Addams Family\\\", \\\"Bewitched\\\" and \\\"The Monkees\\\". He played recurring character Herbert Johnson, the Baxters' dotty neighbor in the 1960s sitcom, \\\"Hazel\\\". He also had bit parts in a few Hollywood films. Foster's first acting experience was on a showboat on the Mississippi River. His Broadway debut came in \\\"The Country Cousin\\\" (1917). His final Broadway performance was in \\\"The Ponder Heart\\\" (1956). On December 23, 1969,\",\n \"title\": \"Donald Foster (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13046448\",\n \"text\": \"punishments with grace. While Theresa and Jerry remember nothing about the ordeal, Alex, Justin, and Max do. Their parents are astonished by the change in the kids' attitude. The full cast of the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" starred in the film. However, Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle only made appearances at the beginning of the film, and did not star. \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\" was filmed primarily in San Juan, Puerto Rico between February and March 2009. Hotel scenes were shot at the Caribe Hilton Hotel in San Juan, while the main cave scene,\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651559\",\n \"text\": \"between good and evil atop the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The film is titled \\\"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex\\\" and premiered on March 15, 2013. This series was created and as produced by Todd J. Greenwald, who began developing the show after working as a writer and consulting producer during the first season of \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney Channel Original Productions. The theme song, \\\"Everything Is Not What It Seems\\\", written by John Adair and Steve Hampton, is of techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series was\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13046450\",\n \"text\": \"Selena Gomez recorded a \\\"Magic\\\" cover for the film that is featured on the soundtrack for the film and television show. A sneak peek of the film aired during the conclusion of the four-part \\\"\\\" event on Disney Channel on August 8, 2009 and on Family Channel during the week of August 24, 2009. The What's What Edition of the film premiered on October 24, 2009 on Disney Channel. The film premiered on Disney Channel as a Disney Channel Original Movie on August 28, 2009. The film premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 23, 2009 as part of\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8933646\",\n \"text\": \"(1954-1955). In the 1960s, he guest starred in numerous situation comedy television series, including \\\"Guestward, Ho!\\\", \\\"Pete and Gladys\\\", \\\"Bringing Up Buddy\\\", \\\"The Tab Hunter Show\\\", \\\"Mister Ed\\\", \\\"Leave It to Beaver\\\", \\\"The Jack Benny Program\\\", \\\"Petticoat Junction \\\", and \\\"Hazel\\\". He also was cast in episodes of \\\"Peter Gunn\\\", \\\"Sea Hunt\\\", \\\"Wagon Train\\\", \\\"The Roaring 20s\\\", \\\"The Virginian\\\", \\\"Arrest and Trial\\\", and \\\"87th Precinct\\\" He played the Virginia statesman George Wythe in the episode \\\"George Mason\\\" in the 1965 NBC documentary series, \\\"Profiles in Courage\\\". He made his last film in 1975. When his acting career declined he also\",\n \"title\": \"William Bakewell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11185515\",\n \"text\": \"Donald Woods (actor) Donald Woods (born Ralph Lewis Zink; December 2, 1906 – March 5, 1998) was a Canadian-American film and television actor whose career in Hollywood spanned six decades. Born in Brandon, Manitoba, Woods moved with his family to California where he was raised in Burbank. A son of William and Margaret Zink, Presbyterians of German descent. His younger brother, Clarence Russell Zink, also became an actor (Russ Conway). Woods graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, and made his film debut in 1928. His screen career was spent mostly in B movies, for example as lawyer Perry Mason\",\n \"title\": \"Donald Woods (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109937\",\n \"text\": \"starring in the first film and Hal Holbrook starring in the remaining three. Both Hale and Moses continued in their roles for all four films, and Mason's absence was explained by having him out of town. In August 2016, HBO announced a potential new series written by Nic Pizzolatto and starring Robert Downey Jr. In August 2017 a change in the writing staff for the project was announced, with Rolin Jones and Ron Fitzgerald taking over for Pizzolatto. When asked by a fan why Perry Mason won every case, Burr told her, \\\"But madam, you see only the cases I\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14597437\",\n \"text\": \"from Harper and Alex, who has resumed her relationship with Mason after \\\"country magic\\\" restores him to human form. Justin attempts to fulfill a number of achievements he thinks make up a successful senior year at high school, including joining the basketball team, being elected student body president, hosting a big party, and winning the science fair with a water powered engine. Meanwhile, Alex meets a teenage wizard named Stevie Nichols (Hayley Kiyoko), who generals the same personality as Alex. Alex and Stevie become friends, much to Harper's dismay. Then, Stevie begins a wizard revolution and Alex tricks her into\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109901\",\n \"text\": \"1 DVD. A 2014 study found that Netflix users rate Raymond Burr as their favorite actor, with Barbara Hale number seven on the list. \\\"The New Perry Mason,\\\" a 1973 revival of the series with a different cast, was poorly received and ran for 15 episodes. In 1985, the first in a successful series of 30 Perry Mason television films aired on NBC, with Burr reprising the role of Mason in 26 of them before his death in 1993. In August 2016, HBO announced plans to potentially make a new series. Perry Mason is a distinguished criminal defense lawyer practicing\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9425212\",\n \"text\": \"book by John Grisham. She was originally hired to work on casting, but asked Schumacher if she could audition for a part. Other film credits include: \\\"Never Been Kissed,\\\" \\\"Big Momma's House\\\", \\\"Bad Santa\\\", \\\"Spider-Man\\\", \\\"Coach Carter\\\", \\\"Win a Date with Tad Hamilton!\\\" and \\\"Pretty Ugly People\\\". She has made a number of guest appearances on television series, including \\\"Raising the Bar\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"The Big Bang Theory\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Grounded for Life\\\", \\\"ER\\\", \\\"Titus\\\", \\\"Becker\\\", \\\"30 Rock\\\" and \\\"Dharma & Greg,\\\" plus a recurring role on \\\"Mom\\\". She is best known for her starring roles as Serenity Johnson\",\n \"title\": \"Octavia Spencer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"721956\",\n \"text\": \"Raymond Burr Raymond William Stacy Burr (May 21, 1917September 12, 1993) was a Canadian American actor, primarily known for his title roles in the television dramas \\\"Perry Mason\\\" and \\\"Ironside\\\". He was prominently involved in multiple charitable endeavors, such as working on behalf of the United Service Organizations. Burr's early acting career included roles on Broadway, radio, television and in film, usually as the villain. His portrayal of the suspected murderer in the Alfred Hitchcock thriller \\\"Rear Window\\\" (1954) is regarded as his best-known film role; although he is also remembered for his role in the Americanized version of the\",\n \"title\": \"Raymond Burr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109900\",\n \"text\": \"of the five most popular shows on television. Raymond Burr received two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor, and Barbara Hale received an Emmy Award for her portrayal of Mason's confidential secretary Della Street. \\\"Perry Mason\\\" and Burr were honored as Favorite Series and Favorite Male Performer in the first two \\\"TV Guide\\\" Award readers' polls. In 1960, the series received the first Silver Gavel Award presented for television drama by the American Bar Association. \\\"Perry Mason\\\" has aired in syndication in the United States and internationally ever since its cancellation, and the complete series has been released on Region\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14630551\",\n \"text\": \"Lisa Cucuy, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Frank Pacheco as Felix, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet van Heusen, Daniel Samonas as Dean Moriarty, Bailee Madison as Maxine Russo, Shane Harper as Fidel, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, John Rubinstein as Gorog, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie, Fred Stoller as Dexter, Leven Rambin as Rosie, China Anne McClain as Tina, Kari Wahlgren as Helen, Cameron Sanders as Nelvis, Josh Sussman as Hugh Normous, Jackie Evancho as Herself, McKaley Miller as Talia, Valente Rodriguez as Muy Macho, and Nick Roux as Chase Riprock. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4) The fourth and\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14597401\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1) The first season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from October 12, 2007 to August 31, 2008. The season introduces the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) as they compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Amanda Tepe as Monotone Woman, Skyler Samuels as Gigi Hollingsworth, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Daryl Sabara as T.J.\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"722022\",\n \"text\": \"the services of attorney Ken Malansky, played by William R. Moses. The Perry Mason series of TV movies continued until Burr's death from kidney cancer in 1993. \\\"The Case of the Killer Kiss\\\" was Burr's final portrayal of Mason. The film aired after his death, and was dedicated to Burr's memory. Thereafter, the title of the series was changed to \\\"A Perry Mason Mystery\\\" and starred either Paul Sorvino or Hal Holbrook as lawyers and friends of Mason. Hale and Moses continued in their roles; Mason was ostensibly out of town. In August 2016, HBO announced a potential new series\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10774420\",\n \"text\": \"March 2013, at the age of 20. She left acting at that time to study for a university degree, first in psychology and later switching to nursing, so that she could get a better understanding of her disease. In January 2018 she was interviewed on the Diabetes Connections podcast about her diagnosis and how it has affected her life and career. She lives in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Jennifer Stone Jennifer Lindsay Stone (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress. She is known for playing Harper Finkle on the Disney Channel series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", and the\",\n \"title\": \"Jennifer Stone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5918049\",\n \"text\": \"for KFC's Original Recipe Bites. David DeLuise David Dominick DeLuise (born November 11, 1971) is an American actor and television director best known for his starring roles on \\\"Megas XLR\\\" and \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". DeLuise was born in 1971, the youngest son of actor and comedian Dom DeLuise and actress Carol Arthur (née Arata). He is the brother of actor, writer, director Peter DeLuise and actor Michael DeLuise. He married Brigitte DeLuise in September 1994. They were divorced in May 2003. They have two daughters, Riley DeLuise, who appeared in \\\"Hairshirt\\\" with him, and Dylan DeLuise. His godmother was\",\n \"title\": \"David DeLuise\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4901288\",\n \"text\": \"William Talman (actor) William Whitney Talman, Jr. (February 4, 1915August 30, 1968) was an American television and movie actor, best known for playing Los Angeles District Attorney Hamilton Burger in the television series \\\"Perry Mason\\\". William Talman was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Ada Barber and William Whitney Talman, a vice president of an electronics company. His maternal grandparents, Catherine Gandy and James Wells Barber, were immigrants from England. Talman founded the drama club at the Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. He continued to act at Dartmouth College and the University of Michigan. After college, he worked in summer\",\n \"title\": \"William Talman (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14630544\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4) The fourth and final season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from November 12, 2010 to January 6, 2012. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their magical family and begin to make difficult decisions about their futures. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the second season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition. Season 4 of\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19481797\",\n \"text\": \"Orpheus Pledger Orpheus Pledger (11 May 1993) is an Australian actor. He played Tycho Everson in the children's series \\\"Silversun\\\", and appeared as Noah Parkin in \\\"Neighbours\\\" in 2011. From June 2016, Pledger began starring as Mason Morgan in the Australian soap opera \\\"Home and Away\\\". In 2002, an eight-year-old Pledger starred in writer-director Emma Freeman's short film \\\"Lamb\\\". The following year, Pledger began appearing as Lewis Harfield in the drama series \\\"CrashBurn\\\". Pledger starred as Tycho Everson in the science fiction children's series \\\"Silversun\\\" in 2004. Pledger has also made appearances in \\\"The Secret Life of Us\\\", \\\"Welcher &\",\n \"title\": \"Orpheus Pledger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7361372\",\n \"text\": \"Marian McCargo Marian McCargo Bell (March 18, 1932 – April 7, 2004) was an American actress and champion tennis player who later found success in film and television roles. She was sometimes credited as Marian Moses. Born in Pittsburgh, McCargo attended Boston's West Hills College. In 1951, she married Richard Cantrell Moses, who later became an advertising executive in Los Angeles. They had four sons: actors Rick and William R. Moses; director Harry Moses; and Graham Moses. They were divorced in 1963. McCargo first entered acting as a supporting player on such popular television shows as \\\"Perry Mason\\\" (in 1964\",\n \"title\": \"Marian McCargo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109942\",\n \"text\": \"Mason\\\" in 1966. In 1970, the station began the long tradition of showing reruns of \\\"Perry Mason\\\" weekdays during its noon time slot. This unprecedented run ended 42 years later, on September 3, 2012, when KPTV ceased broadcasting the show. It continued to be shown on KPDX, sister station of KPTV, in the 8 AM time slot through September 12, 2014. The show now runs in primetime every night of the week on FETV. The series was distributed by CBS Films, then Viacom Enterprises, Paramount Domestic Television and CBS Paramount Domestic Television, and now by CBS Television Distribution. CBS posted\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14630546\",\n \"text\": \"waving her wand to reveal the title logo and the name of the creator. The theme song \\\"Everything Is Not What It Seems\\\" has also been remixed and sung by Selena Gomez for the fourth season of the show. Alex and Justin are sent back to level one in the wizard competition after \\\"exposing\\\" wizardry in \\\"Alex Tells the World\\\", leaving Max as the most expected to become the family wizard. In \\\"Alex Gives Up\\\", Alex quits the competition, but eventually decides to stay in the competition in \\\"Journey to the Center of Mason\\\" to be with Mason. Before then,\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651562\",\n \"text\": \"second in kids 6–11 (1.81 million/7.4 rating), which was only slightly behind \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" (1.82 million/7.4 rating.) The show aired worldwide on Disney Channel. It premiered on October 12, 2007 in Pakistan. In Australia it premiered on October 19, 2007 and it also aired on Seven Network starting on October 4, 2008. It premiered on the same date in New Zealand and first aired on FOUR on February 4, 2009. It premiered on October 26, 2007 on Family in Canada. In the United Kingdom, it started airing on November 4, 2007 and it also airs on Channel\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18709263\",\n \"text\": \"sweet memorial.\\\" \\\"Perry Mason Returns\\\", the first television film in the series, was the second-highest-rated TV movie in American television during the 1985–86 season. All 30 Perry Mason television films are available on Region 1 DVD. They were released in five six-film sets that were initially available exclusively through Amazon.com. On June 7, 2016, the first four movie collections were given general retail release. Perry Mason (TV film series) A series of 30 Perry Mason television films aired on NBC from 1985 to 1995 as sequels to the CBS TV series \\\"Perry Mason\\\". After a hiatus of nearly 20 years,\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109928\",\n \"text\": \"when William Talman, who played Hamilton Burger, was suspended for allegedly violating the morals clause in his contract, several assistant prosecutors were seen in court. Talman had attended a party at which he was charged with having engaged in indecent activities. He was later acquitted, and largely through the efforts of Burr, Talman was reinstated to the show. The show's theme music is one of the most recognizable in television. Composer Fred Steiner set out to write a theme that would project the two primary aspects of Mason's character — sophistication and toughness. \\\"The piece he came up with, titled\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14597418\",\n \"text\": \"Dean Moriarty (Daniel Samonas), and Juliet Van Heusen (Bridgit Mendler) respectively. The series characters cross over with \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" and Hannah Montana in part one and two of \\\"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\\\" featuring cast members from \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" namely, Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan and Phill Lewis. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Dan Benson, Bill Chott, Skyler Samuels, Josh Sussman, Daryl Sabara, Cindy Crawford, Fred Willard, Rachel Dratch, Dwayne Johnson, Misty May-Treanor, JD Cullum, Anne Ramsay, Amanda Tepe and Jeff Garlin. Alex has another love interest, her classmate\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9409611\",\n \"text\": \"Foster died at his home in Hollywood, California. He was 80 years old. Donald Foster (actor) Henri Donald Foster (July 31, 1889 – December 23, 1969) was an American actor who appeared in a number of television series during the 1950s and 1960s, including \\\"Perry Mason\\\", \\\"The Addams Family\\\", \\\"Bewitched\\\" and \\\"The Monkees\\\". He played recurring character Herbert Johnson, the Baxters' dotty neighbor in the 1960s sitcom, \\\"Hazel\\\". He also had bit parts in a few Hollywood films. Foster's first acting experience was on a showboat on the Mississippi River. His Broadway debut came in \\\"The Country Cousin\\\" (1917). His\",\n \"title\": \"Donald Foster (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651563\",\n \"text\": \"5. It premiered on November 3, 2007 in Ireland and also aired on TRTÉ. It premiered in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the Philippines on March 9, 2008. It first aired in India and Bangladesh on May 5, 2008. In South Africa it premiered on June 22, 2008. The soundtrack album for the hit Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was released as a physical CD, enhanced CD and digital on August 4, 2009, under Walt Disney Records. The album includes songs from and inspired by the TV series and \\\"\\\". In response to the soundtrack,\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14597403\",\n \"text\": \"techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series is filmed at Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California. Set on Waverly Place in Manhattan, New York's Greenwich Village neighborhood, \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" centers on the Italian-Mexican Russo family, which includes Alex (Selena Gomez), her older brother Justin (David Henrie) and their younger brother Max (Jake T. Austin). The three Russo siblings are wizards in training and live with their Italian-American father Jerry (David DeLuise), a former wizard, and their Mexican-American mother Theresa, who is a mortal. Alex also has a mortal friend, Harper (Jennifer Stone), who at first\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14597433\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3) The third season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from October 9, 2009 to October 15, 2010. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their family and meet many friends and adversaries along the way. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the first season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition. The opening sequence is the same\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18709262\",\n \"text\": \"who is ostensibly out of town. Both Barbara Hale and William R. Moses reprised their roles for all four films, although in the final film in 1995, Hale contributed only a small cameo with Holland Taylor substituting for her. Hale said that continuing the series was suggested by Burr. \\\"Raymond was so concerned that the crew keep working—we'd been with same crew for six years. He felt we must keep going as long as the audience was as kind to us as they are. It's the show that will keep going, but not the character. I do think it's a\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15188389\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Howes (actor) Thomas Howes (born 1986) is an English actor and musician. He trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. He is best known for having played the role of William Mason, the second footman in ITV's \\\"Downton Abbey\\\", and played the role of Manchester United player Mark Jones in the 2011 TV film of the Munich air disaster, \\\"United\\\". He also has performed on the stage in the roles of Dickie in \\\"The Winslow Boy\\\" (The Theatre Royal, Bath) and Scripps in \\\"The History Boys\\\" (The UK tour of the National Theatre), and on radio in\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Howes (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12133747\",\n \"text\": \"the mother of Fernando Hernandez-Guerrero-Fernandez-Guerrero on the Netflix series \\\"Fuller House\\\". Barrera has been married to actor David Barrera since 1999, with whom she has two daughters. Maria Canals-Barrera Maria Pilar Canals-Barrera (née Canals, born September 28, 1966) is an American actress. Canals-Barrera co-starred in a number of short-lived sitcoms, worked as a voice actress, and appeared in several films. She is best known for her role as Theresa Russo in the Disney Channel family sitcom, \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" (2007–2012). She played the role of Connie Torres in \\\"Camp Rock\\\" (2008) and \\\"\\\" (2010) and co-starred as Lala Pinedo\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Canals-Barrera\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13046455\",\n \"text\": \"December 15, 2009, in Germany and France on December 2, 2009, and in the United Kingdom on February 22, 2010. The film has not been released on Blu-ray. The film's first teaser trailer was released on Disney Channel on June 17, 2009. The full-length trailer was released on June 26, 2009, during the premiere of Selena Gomez's other Disney Channel Original Movie, \\\"Princess Protection Program\\\". In June 2010, production of a second film was announced. Dan Berendsen was to return as script writer for the film. Since that announcement, no other updates were made about the sequel. On April 25,\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17768499\",\n \"text\": \"George Leech (actor) George Leech (6 December 1921 – 17 June 2012) was a British film actor and stunt performer who was notable for his work on eleven James Bond films. Leech was born in London and left school at 14. He was a boxer who won the ABA National Championships when he was 15 as a welterweight and he joined the Royal Navy in 1943. His first job in movies was performing a stunt involving falling down steps doubling for James Mason in \\\"Odd Man Out\\\" (1947). He was notable for his contributions to James Bond films from 1962\",\n \"title\": \"George Leech (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109943\",\n \"text\": \"full 60-minute episodes on its website from the first and second seasons for viewing. A 2014 article in \\\"The Atlantic\\\" that examined how Netflix categorized nearly 77,000 different personalized genres found that \\\"Perry Mason\\\" star Raymond Burr was rated as the favorite actor by Netflix users. Barbara Hale was rated seventh. Christian Nyby II, the director of many of the television movies and whose father directed many episodes of the TV series, led the list of directors. Todd Yellin, vice president of product innovation for Netflix and the person who designed the system, was at a loss to explain what\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13046456\",\n \"text\": \"2011, Selena Gomez confirmed in an interview that the proposed sequel would not be filmed. However, on July 28, 2011, Maria Canals Barrera stated in an interview that the project was \\\"not 100% dead anymore\\\" and that she was \\\"hopeful\\\" that a second film would be produced. Later, it was confirmed that the \\\"Wizards\\\" would return in a special event entitled \\\"\\\" in early 2013. Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie is a 2009 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy film based on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". It was directed by\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3260993\",\n \"text\": \"Tidus from \\\"Final Fantasy X\\\". He also voiced Fred Flintstone in commercials from 2005 up to 2011, following the death of Henry Corden. Taylor is a long-time comic book and \\\"Star Wars\\\" fan. He is married to Allison Taylor since 1991. Together they have one daughter named Lydia. In 2013, he published the book \\\"JAT 365: 365 Inspirations for the Pursuit of Your Dreams\\\". In 2018, he began the podcast \\\"Talking to Myself\\\". James Arnold Taylor James Arnold Taylor (born July 22, 1969) is an American voice actor, known for portraying Ratchet in the \\\"Ratchet & Clank\\\" franchise; the main\",\n \"title\": \"James Arnold Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13434150\",\n \"text\": \"CD for \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" includes exclusive behind-the-scenes interviews with Gomez and also the new music video for \\\"Magic\\\". The album debuted at #24 on the Billboard 200, selling 18,000 units in its first week. It has sold 2,005,000 copies in the U.S. to date. The soundtrack was released in the UK on October 5, 2009, although not stocked up in most of the UK, and in Mexico released on August 14, 2009. Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack) Wizards of Waverly Place is the soundtrack album from the Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7358508\",\n \"text\": \"Jack Ellis (actor) John Stuart \\\"Jack\\\" Ellis (born 4 June 1955) is a British theatre and television actor from London, best known for his portrayal of villainous prison officer Jim Fenner in the TV series \\\"Bad Girls\\\". He has also appeared in ITV soap \\\"Coronation Street\\\" as Bookmaker Harry Mason. He and his former wife Christine Kavanagh, from whom he is now divorced, have two children, Theo and Alice. He was educated at Highgate School as were his older brothers Robin Ellis, also an actor, and the director Peter Ellis. Ellis is one of the few performers to have acted\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Ellis (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17163092\",\n \"text\": \"up all of her powers to destroy her evil twin. In the end, Alex is given her magic back after accepting that she doesn't truly need it. The Russo family, Harper and Mason enjoy the rest of their family reunion before heading back to the Sub Station. The movie ends with Alex telling Harper that they should have to stay in Italy for a while because Jerry and Theresa got upset about their living room being destroyed from the battle between both Alexes. The majority of the cast of the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" (with the\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20014951\",\n \"text\": \"and Away\\\" as Martin Ashford. In 2017, Mason left \\\"Home and Away\\\" to star in the musical feature film \\\"Daffodils\\\". Mason was born and raised in Invercargill. He has two elder sisters. He attended Southland Boys' High School, where he played rugby for the Southland Boys' High School 1st XV and competed in speech competitions. Mason moved to Wellington in 2009 to study a Bachelor of Performing Arts at the Toi Whakaari New Zealand Drama School. Mason became engaged to his partner, French model Manon Buchalet in 2016. Mason was thirteen years old when a family friend encouraged him to\",\n \"title\": \"George Mason (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8683180\",\n \"text\": \"Selena Gomez Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, 1992) is an American singer, actress, and producer. After appearing on the children's television series \\\"Barney & Friends\\\", she received wider recognition for her portrayal of Alex Russo on the Disney Channel television series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", which aired for four seasons from 2007 until 2012. With her former band Selena Gomez & the Scene, she attained the top-ten on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, with the band's albums \\\"Kiss & Tell\\\" (2009), \\\"A Year Without Rain\\\" (2010) and \\\"When the Sun Goes Down\\\" (2011). As a solo artist, Gomez has released\",\n \"title\": \"Selena Gomez\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18709257\",\n \"text\": \"Perry Mason (TV film series) A series of 30 Perry Mason television films aired on NBC from 1985 to 1995 as sequels to the CBS TV series \\\"Perry Mason\\\". After a hiatus of nearly 20 years, Raymond Burr reprised his role as Los Angeles defense attorney Mason in 26 of the television films. Following Burr's death in 1993, Paul Sorvino and Hal Holbrook starred in the remaining four television films that aired from 1993 to 1995, playing lawyers Anthony Caruso and \\\"Wild Bill\\\" McKenzie respectively. The original \\\"Perry Mason\\\" television series was broadcast on CBS television from 1957 to 1966.\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17926019\",\n \"text\": \"Bill Chott Bill Chott (born July 23, 1969) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Principal Hershel Laritate on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". During his school years, Chott appeared in numerous plays and musicals. He graduated from Ritenour High School, and has since been inducted into their Alumni Hall of Fame. He continued pursuing theater in college at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri, acting in a wide variety of plays. He was also in Chi Delta fraternity while at Central Methodist as well as Phi Mu Alpha\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Chott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16435157\",\n \"text\": \"Kenny Solomons Kenny Solomons (born 29 July 1986) English actor and model, known for his role as Mason in Brit-flick The Rapture, starring alongside Martin Kemp, Stephen Burkoff and Danny Dyer. Solomons lives in Sweden. He does also own his own café/barbershop franchise in Sweden, Hammarby Sjöstad, Norra Djurgårdsstaden and Uppsala. The name of the shop is Rusty Rascals. Solomons was born in Orsett, Essex and brought up with his four siblings in Thorpe Bay by his mother and father. He was privately educated at Thorpe Hall and went on to study musical theatre in England, before moving to Los\",\n \"title\": \"Kenny Solomons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109941\",\n \"text\": \"appearances), four episodes of Season 7, and 14 episodes of the ninth and final season (including the final episode). It was not until the mid-1980s when TBS obtained the rights to the remaining episodes that all 271 \\\"Perry Mason\\\" episodes were seen in syndication. Episodes broadcast in syndicated re-runs are usually heavily edited, to allow for more time for commercials. As of August 2014, the TV series is shown weekdays on both Me-TV and the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries channel, as well as on local stations in various local markets. Portland, Oregon station KPTV first aired evening repeats of \\\"Perry\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14931386\",\n \"text\": \"Lion King\\\". He went on to star in the American and Chinese productions as well. Geno Segers Geno Segers (born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) is an American actor known for his roles as Chayton Littlestone on Cinemax's \\\"Banshee,\\\" Mason Makoola in the Disney XD television series \\\"Pair of Kings\\\", Kincaid on MTV's \\\"Teen Wolf\\\" and also as co-host of \\\"\\\" for two seasons. Born Lonnie G. Segers Jr, he is the oldest son of Lonnie G. Segers Sr. and Sandra Eldridge. His ancestry is Aboriginal American. Geno has been with girlfriend Maria Canapino since 2011. Segers was a footballer,\",\n \"title\": \"Geno Segers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20014955\",\n \"text\": \"in the soap opera \\\"Home and Away\\\". Mason's character was introduced as a friend of established character Darryl Braxton (Steve Peacocke) in October 2014. Mason has reprised his role as Ash in three feature length specials; \\\"\\\" (2015), \\\"\\\" (2016), and \\\"\\\" (2017). In 2017, Mason secured his first modelling job with underwear and clothing brand Bonds. Mason began filming the musical feature \\\"Daffodils\\\" in February 2018. The film is based on a stage play by Rochelle Bright and will be released in 2019. Mason stars as Eric, alongside Rose McIver as his love interest Rose, and singer Kimbra. Mason\",\n \"title\": \"George Mason (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109922\",\n \"text\": \"proud of you and of my association with you. I think that you saw possibilities in Raymond Burr which no one else saw. I think that you developed those possibilities and I think you have inspired not only the cast but the producers and directors. I think we are on the trail of a highly successful presentation.\\\" The series began filming in April 1957. Each episode was budgeted at $100,000. Filming took place on Stage 8 at the 20th Century-Fox studios near Western Avenue and Sunset Boulevard (where the show's production offices were located) and at CBS Studio Center, with\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17449334\",\n \"text\": \"his debut screen appearance as Mason on 22 February 2013, two weeks after the rest of his on-screen family began appearing. In his fictional backstory, Mason was originally born in June 1999. His birth date was changed to 15 February 1995 upon his introduction. Mason arrived in Erinsborough two weeks after his family due to being in juvenile detention, where he was serving a three-month sentence. Glockner revealed that Mason had fallen in with a bad crowd back in Mount Isa, where his family are from, and was led astray by \\\"troublemaker\\\" Robbo Slade (Aaron Jakubenko). Robbo developed a plan\",\n \"title\": \"Mason Turner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8893802\",\n \"text\": \"and Peter Tork\\\". James Frawley is not related to actor William Frawley (\\\"I Love Lucy\\\"). James Frawley James Frawley (born September 29, 1936 in Houston, Texas) is an American director and actor. He has been a member of the Actors Studio since at least 1961. He had a short-lived acting career, appearing in supporting roles in film and television from 1963 to 1966. A memorable appearance was the role of Hawaii District Attorney Alvarez in the 1965 \\\"Perry Mason\\\" episode \\\"The Case of the Feather Cloak\\\". In 1966 he was hired as a director for the new series \\\"The Monkees\\\";\",\n \"title\": \"James Frawley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"722005\",\n \"text\": \"Mason\\\" starring Monte Markham, ran from 1973 to 1974; and 30 Perry Mason television films ran from 1985 to 1995, with Burr reprising the role of Mason in 26 of them prior to his death in 1993. The Perry Mason series ranks third in the top ten best selling book series. In 2015, the American Bar Association's publishing imprint, Ankerwycke, began reissuing Gardner's Perry Mason books, which had been out of print in the United States. As a child, Gardner was a reader of the magazine \\\"Youth's Companion\\\", published by the Perry Mason Company; Gardner later borrowed the name for\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18201736\",\n \"text\": \"fantasy adventure film produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, directed by Jon Turteltaub, and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Jay Baruchel, Alfred Molina, Teresa Palmer, and Monica Bellucci. The film is named after the \\\"Sorcerer's Apprentice\\\" segment in the films (with one scene being an extensive reference to it). \\\"The Nutcracker and the Four Realms\\\" is a 2018 American fantasy adventure film directed by Lasse Hallström and Joe Johnston, written by Ashleigh Powell, and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The film stars Keira Knightley, Mackenzie Foy, Eugenio Derbez, Matthew Macfadyen, Richard E. Grant, Misty Copeland, with Helen\",\n \"title\": \"Fantasia (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7679417\",\n \"text\": \"Candace Brown Candace June Brown (born June 15, 1980) is an American actress and comedian best known for her work on shows such as \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\", \\\"Head Case\\\", The \\\"Wizards Of Waverly Place\\\". In 2011, she joined the guest cast for \\\"Torchwood\\\"s fourth series' \\\"\\\", airing on BBC One in the United Kingdom and premium television network Starz. Brown was born in Culver City, California, and was raised in the Los Angeles suburb of Glendale by her mother. She attended Glendale High School in Glendale and later attended California State University, Northridge to study Communications. She studied acting\",\n \"title\": \"Candace Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13046454\",\n \"text\": \"24. The song's music video has Gomez singing into a microphone with bright and flamboyant background, as well as including clips from \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\". \\\"Magic\\\" debuted at no. 61 in the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 with 42,000 downloads. The film was released on DVD in the United States and Canada on December 15, 2009 as an \\\"Extended Edition\\\", which also came with a replica of the Stone of Dreams in a necklace. The film is in English, French and Spanish, and has subtitles in the same languages. The film was also released on DVD in Australia on\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12392701\",\n \"text\": \"record deal. Shortly after, she started auditioning and received a minor role on \\\"Drake & Josh\\\" and other guest roles on shows such as \\\"Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide\\\", \\\"The O.C.\\\", \\\"Private Practice\\\" and \\\"Ruby & the Rockits\\\". She appeared in two episodes on both television shows \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" as Miranda Hampson and \\\"How I Met Your Mother\\\" as Katie Scherbatsky. In 2007, Hale appeared in NBC's short-lived series \\\"Bionic Woman\\\", a re-imagining from the 1976 series of the same name. Hale plays Becca Sommers, the younger sister of the title character Jaime Sommers (played by Michelle Ryan).\",\n \"title\": \"Lucy Hale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651557\",\n \"text\": \"the finale is the current TV season's most-watched cable telecast among scripted programs. The show ended with Alex becoming the family wizard, Justin being declared new Headmaster of WizTech (also keeping his wizard powers), and Max getting to run the sub shop. On September 27, 2012, Disney Channel announced that \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" would return for an hour-long special, that began production on October 22, 2012, and ended production on November 10, 2012, for a premiere telecast on the cable channel in early 2013. The special, executive-produced by Selena Gomez, alongside series executive producers Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8109916\",\n \"text\": \"since the 1940s, Raymond Burr was a leading player on the West Coast and in 1956 was the star of CBS Radio's \\\"Fort Laramie\\\". Noted for his loyalty and consciousness of history, Burr went out of his way to employ his colleagues. Some 180 radio celebrities appeared on \\\"Perry Mason\\\" during the first season alone. The production staff of \\\"Perry Mason\\\" worked at being technically correct and responsive to an audience that included lawyers and judges. Producer Ben Brady practiced law in New York before entering show business; story editor Gene Wang graduated from law school in Florida; and executive\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Mason (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14931384\",\n \"text\": \"Geno Segers Geno Segers (born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) is an American actor known for his roles as Chayton Littlestone on Cinemax's \\\"Banshee,\\\" Mason Makoola in the Disney XD television series \\\"Pair of Kings\\\", Kincaid on MTV's \\\"Teen Wolf\\\" and also as co-host of \\\"\\\" for two seasons. Born Lonnie G. Segers Jr, he is the oldest son of Lonnie G. Segers Sr. and Sandra Eldridge. His ancestry is Aboriginal American. Geno has been with girlfriend Maria Canapino since 2011. Segers was a footballer, wrestler, and track athlete in high school and college. He played football at Western Carolina\",\n \"title\": \"Geno Segers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5285523\",\n \"text\": \"a live \\\"Robert Montgomery Presents\\\" (1950) version of \\\"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\\\"), for the same show played the lead in \\\"A Case of Identity\\\", later turned into the film \\\"The Wrong Man\\\" (1956), he was the first actor to play Albert Einstein on television. Ellenstein made his first film in 1954 (MGM's \\\"Rogue Cop\\\"), he was featured in Alfred Hitchcock's \\\"North by Northwest\\\". In 1961, he played the mobster Legs Diamond in an episode of NBC's 1920s crime drama \\\"The Lawless Years\\\" with James Gregory. Among his television appearances, Ellenstein guest starred in three episodes of \\\"Perry Mason\\\". In\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Ellenstein\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11814802\",\n \"text\": \"Bridgit Mendler Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film \\\"The Legend of Buddha\\\", later starring in the films \\\"Alice Upside Down\\\" (2007), \\\"The Clique\\\" (2008) and \\\"Labor Pains\\\" (2009) as a teenager. In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". Following the positive reception to her character, she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series \\\"Good Luck Charlie\\\", which ran from April 2010 to February 2014. Mendler also starred in\",\n \"title\": \"Bridgit Mendler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9004734\",\n \"text\": \"Pizzolatto had signed a new deal with HBO through 2018. In August 2016, HBO announced a potential new series written by Pizzolatto and starring Robert Downey Jr., centering on the character of investigative attorney Perry Mason. Along with Richard Wenk, Pizzolatto co-wrote the screenplay for \\\"The Magnificent Seven\\\" (2016), a remake of the period-piece western \\\"The Magnificent Seven\\\" (1960) (which was itself a western remake of Akira Kurosawa's 1954 film \\\"Seven Samurai\\\"). Antoine Fuqua directed, and the film, released on September 23, 2016, starred Denzel Washington, Chris Pratt, Vincent D'Onofrio, Lee Byung-hun, Ethan Hawke, Peter Sarsgaard and others. The first\",\n \"title\": \"Nic Pizzolatto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10308348\",\n \"text\": \"Jake T. Austin Jake Austin Szymanski (born December 3, 1994), known professionally as Jake T. Austin, is an American actor. Beginning a career as a child actor at the age of seven, Austin is a five-time Young Artist Award nominee, two-time Teen Choice Award nominee and Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards nominee. Best known for his role as Max Russo on the Disney Channel series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", and as the voice of Diego on the Nickelodeon animated series \\\"Go, Diego, Go!\\\". Austin was also the original actor who portrayed Jesus Foster on the ABC Family family/teen drama series \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Jake T. Austin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14167199\",\n \"text\": \"Atherton, Sam Ayers, Michael Badalucco, Malcolm Barrett, Geoffrey Blake, Julie Bowen, Jack Carter, Jude Ciccolella, Tim Conlon, Bob Costas, Henry Czerny, Ethan Erickson, Noah Emmerich, Courtney Ford, Brad Garrett, Marcus Giamatti, Eileen Grubba, Ernie Grunwald, Mike Hagerty, Anne Marie Howard, Joe Hursley, Gregory Jbara, Kathryn Joosten, Sung Kang, Tom Kiesche, James Lesure, Peyton List, Robert Loggia, Scott MacDonald, Michael Mantell, Eric McCormack, Dina Meyer, Sandra Mitchell, Steve Monroe, Tom Nagel, Joanna Pacuła, Evan Peters, Greg Pitts, Jon Polito, Kali Rocha, Gena Rowlands (in an Emmy award-nominated performance), Douglas Sarine, Richard Schiff, Richard Steinmetz, David Strathairn, Steve Valentine, Marc Vann, Tracey\",\n \"title\": \"Monk (season 7)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7358513\",\n \"text\": \"of Stephen Kings \\\"Shawshank Redemption\\\", playing alongside Paul Nicholls and Ben Onwukwe. Jack Ellis (actor) John Stuart \\\"Jack\\\" Ellis (born 4 June 1955) is a British theatre and television actor from London, best known for his portrayal of villainous prison officer Jim Fenner in the TV series \\\"Bad Girls\\\". He has also appeared in ITV soap \\\"Coronation Street\\\" as Bookmaker Harry Mason. He and his former wife Christine Kavanagh, from whom he is now divorced, have two children, Theo and Alice. He was educated at Highgate School as were his older brothers Robin Ellis, also an actor, and the director\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Ellis (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651560\",\n \"text\": \"filmed at Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California. For the first three seasons the show used the same title sequence which is set to Selena Gomez's rendition of \\\"Everything Is Not What It Seems\\\"; it shows Alex, Justin, Max and Harper engaging in magical antics while preparing for school in the morning. The fourth season began using a slightly altered version of the song, and a different sequence involving the cast, who all appear in Times Square at the end of the sequence with Alex waving her wand. The show debuted on Disney Channel on October 12, 2007 after the\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17257301\",\n \"text\": \"Grant Richards Grant Richards (21 December 1911 – 4 July 1963) was an American actor and voice actor, who appeared mainly in movies in the late 1930s through to the late 1950s. Richards was born in New York City. He was married to actress Joan Valerie. In 1937, he became the first actor in the Federal Theatre Project to gain a film contract, signing with the Major Pictures company. His films include \\\"On Such a Night\\\" (1937) and \\\"Guns, Girls, and Gangsters\\\" (1959). Richards made three guest appearances on \\\"Perry Mason\\\", as Jerry Haywood in the 1958 episodes \\\"The Case\",\n \"title\": \"Grant Richards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15104503\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Murrieta Peter Murrieta is an American television producer and writer. He is best known for his work on the Disney Channel sitcom \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", in which he served as head writer and executive producer during the first three seasons. He went on to win two Emmy Awards for his work on the series and \\\"\\\". His most recent work is being an executive producer for the Cartoon Network live-action series, \\\"Level Up\\\". He has two sons named Joaquin Aaron Murrieta and Daniel Storms Murrieta and is residing in the Los Angeles County. Murrieta's other television credits include\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Murrieta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20979933\",\n \"text\": \"contract with Hollywood Records, Gomez released the compilation album \\\"For You\\\" (2014) and released music videos for the single \\\"The Heart Wants What It Wants\\\". Gomez's second studio album \\\"Revival\\\" (2015) produced the music videos for \\\"Good for You\\\" and \\\"Same Old Love\\\", in 2015, \\\"Hands to Myself\\\" and \\\"Kill Em with Kindness\\\", in 2016. Gomez made her television debut in the children's television series \\\"Barney & Friends\\\". From 2007 to 2012, Gomez starred in the Disney Channel television series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" as Alex Russo. Gomez's acting credits include starring roles in the films \\\"Another Cinderella Story\\\" (2008),\",\n \"title\": \"Selena Gomez videography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12133742\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Canals-Barrera Maria Pilar Canals-Barrera (née Canals, born September 28, 1966) is an American actress. Canals-Barrera co-starred in a number of short-lived sitcoms, worked as a voice actress, and appeared in several films. She is best known for her role as Theresa Russo in the Disney Channel family sitcom, \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" (2007–2012). She played the role of Connie Torres in \\\"Camp Rock\\\" (2008) and \\\"\\\" (2010) and co-starred as Lala Pinedo in \\\"Larry Crowne\\\" (2011). As a voice actress, she is known as Shayera Hol/Hawkgirl in \\\"Justice League\\\" and \\\"Justice League Unlimited\\\". She also voiced Sunset Boulevardez in\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Canals-Barrera\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8349533\",\n \"text\": \"and uncompromising\\\". In the 2000s, Shapiro's career continues in multiple fields. He is performing stand-up comedy nationally and internationally, debuting a one-man show in 2007 in the Edinburgh Festival, and touring Australia in 2009. He had his first video game appearance in 2008, portraying the character Mason Waylon on the radio station PLR in \\\"Grand Theft Auto IV\\\", a guest on a talk show who eventually drills holes in the heads of the two other guests. Shapiro has an active acting career, appearing in numerous film and television productions. In film, his most recent roles are in \\\"Top Five\\\" by\",\n \"title\": \"Rick Shapiro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1294501\",\n \"text\": \"Gardner opposed the idea, CBS created \\\"The Edge of Night\\\", featuring John Larkin—who voiced Mason on the radio show—as a thinly veiled imitation of the Mason character. In 1957, \\\"Perry Mason\\\" became a long-running CBS-TV series, starring Raymond Burr in the title role. Burr had auditioned for the role of the district attorney Hamilton Burger, but Gardner reportedly declared he was the embodiment of Perry Mason. Gardner made an uncredited appearance as a judge in \\\"The Case of the Final Fade-Out\\\" (1966), the last episode of the series. Gardner and his first wife had separated in the early 1930s, and\",\n \"title\": \"Erle Stanley Gardner\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who played mason on wizards of waverly place"}}},{"rowIdx":80,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["In leaves"],"string":"[\n \"In leaves\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"4544906","text":"Mesophyte Mesophytes are terrestrial plants which are neither adapted to particularly dry nor particularly wet environments. An example of a mesophytic habitat would be a rural temperate meadow, which might contain goldenrod, clover, oxeye daisy, and \"Rosa multiflora\". Mesophytes prefer soil and air of moderate humidity and avoid soil with standing water or containing a great abundance of salts. They make up the largest ecological group of terrestrial plants, and usually grow under moderate to hot and humid climatic regions. Mesophytes do not have any specific morphological adaptations. They usually have broad, flat and green leaves; an extensive fibrous root","title":"Mesophyte"},{"id":"4544908","text":"of stomata on the undersides of leaves. Because of their lack of particular xeromorphic adaptations, when they are exposed to extreme conditions they lose water rapidly, and are not tolerant of drought. Mesophytes are intermediate in water use and needs. These plants are found in average conditions of temperature and moisture and grow in soil that has no water logging. The roots of mesophytes are well developed, branched and provided with a root cap. The shoot system is well organised. The stem is generally aerial, branched, straight, thick and hard. Leaves are thin, broad in middle, dark green and of","title":"Mesophyte"},{"id":"12375504","text":"called the mesophyll (Greek for \"middle leaf\"). This assimilation tissue is the primary location of photosynthesis in the plant. The products of photosynthesis are called \"assimilates\". In ferns and most flowering plants, the mesophyll is divided into two layers: Leaves are normally green, due to chlorophyll in chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells. Plants that lack chlorophyll cannot photosynthesize. The veins are the vascular tissue of the leaf and are located in the spongy layer of the mesophyll. The pattern of the veins is called venation. In angiosperms the venation is typically parallel in monocotyledons and forms an interconnecting network in","title":"Leaf"},{"id":"325270","text":"that covers the plant shoot apex, whereas the cortex and vascular tissues arise from innermost layer of the shoot apex known as the \"corpus\" (L3 layer). The epidermis of roots originates from the layer of cells immediately beneath the root cap. The epidermis of all aerial organs, but not roots, is covered with a cuticle made of polyester cutin or polymer cutan (or both), with a superficial layer of epicuticular waxes. The epidermal cells of the primary shoot are thought to be the only plant cells with the biochemical capacity to synthesize cutin. Plant cell Plant cells are eukaryotic cells","title":"Plant cell"},{"id":"331488","text":"complexes called antenna proteins. In such proteins, the pigments are arranged to work together. Such a combination of proteins is also called a light-harvesting complex. Although all cells in the green parts of a plant have chloroplasts, the majority of those are found in specially adapted structures called leaves. Certain species adapted to conditions of strong sunlight and aridity, such as many Euphorbia and cactus species, have their main photosynthetic organs in their stems. The cells in the interior tissues of a leaf, called the mesophyll, can contain between 450,000 and 800,000 chloroplasts for every square millimeter of leaf. The","title":"Photosynthesis"},{"id":"12366339","text":"Plant stem A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes: The term \"shoots\" is often confused with \"stems\"; \"shoots\" generally refers to new fresh plant growth including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers. In most plants stems are located above the soil surface but some plants have underground stems. Stems have four main functions which are: Stems are often specialized for storage, asexual reproduction, protection or photosynthesis, including the following: Stem usually consist of three tissues, dermal tissue,","title":"Plant stem"},{"id":"325269","text":"parenchyma cells, that covers the external surfaces of leaves, stems and roots. Several cell types may be present in the epidermis. Notable among these are the stomatal guard cells that control the rate of gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere, glandular and clothing hairs or trichomes, and the root hairs of primary roots. In the shoot epidermis of most plants, only the guard cells have chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis. The epidermal cells of aerial organs arise from the superficial layer of cells known as the \"tunica\" (L1 and L2 layers)","title":"Plant cell"},{"id":"4544910","text":"no specific adaptations to overcome this, and can only respond by closing their stomata to prevent further transpiration. This does actually have some benefits as it reduces the surface area of the leaves exposed to the atmosphere, which reduces transpiration. Prolonged periods of dehydration, however, can lead to permanent wilting, cell plasmolysis, and subsequent death. Since mesophytes prefer moist, well drained soils, most crops are mesophytes. Some examples are: corn (maize), privet, lilac, goldenrod, clover, and oxeye daisy. Mesophyte Mesophytes are terrestrial plants which are neither adapted to particularly dry nor particularly wet environments. An example of a mesophytic habitat","title":"Mesophyte"},{"id":"251197","text":"serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as sepals and petals (or tepals in flowers such as \"Magnolia\" where sepals and petals are not distinguishable from each other). The outer series (calyx of sepals) is usually green and leaf-like, and functions to protect the rest of the flower, especially the bud. The inner series (corolla of petals) is, in general, white or brightly colored, and is more delicate in structure. It functions to attract insect or bird pollinators. Attraction is effected by color, scent, and","title":"Flowering plant"},{"id":"99294","text":"below ground. Mescaline is concentrated in the photosynthetic portion of the stem above ground. The center of the stem, which contains the growing point (the apical meristem), is sunken. Experienced collectors of peyote remove a thin slice from the top of the plant, leaving the growing point intact, thus allowing the plant to regenerate. Evidence indicates peyote was in use more than 5,500 years ago; dried peyote buttons presumed to be from a site on the Rio Grande, Texas, were radiocarbon dated to around 3780–3660 BC. Peyote is perceived as a means of accessing the spirit world. Attempts by the","title":"Cactus"},{"id":"12782721","text":"on earth, including Bristlecone Pines in California, U.S. (4,842 years old), and the Giant Sequoia in mountainous regions of California, U.S. (87 meters in height and 2,000 tons in weight). This is possible because they have a modular body plan that enables them to survive substantial damage by initiating continuous and repetitive formation of new structures and organs such as leaves and flowers. Plant stem cells are also characterized by their location in specialized structures called meristematic tissues, which are located in root apical meristem (RAM), shoot apical meristem (SAM), and vascular system ((pro)cambium or vascular meristem.) Traditionally, plant stem","title":"Plant stem cell"},{"id":"1754053","text":"the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function. The number of layers varies according to plant type. In general the outermost layer is called the tunica while the innermost layers are the corpus. In monocots, the tunica determine the physical characteristics of the leaf edge and margin. In dicots, layer two of the corpus determine the characteristics of the edge of the leaf. The corpus and tunica play a critical part of the plant physical appearance as all plant cells are formed from the meristems. Apical meristems are found","title":"Meristem"},{"id":"11602155","text":"shapes, which are full of essential oils. The mesocarp (from Greek: \"meso-\", \"middle\" + \"-carp\", \"fruit\") is the fleshy middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit; it is found between the epicarp and the endocarp. It is usually the part of the fruit that is eaten. For example, the mesocarp makes up most of the edible part of a peach, and a considerable part of a tomato. \"Mesocarp\" may also refer to any fruit that is fleshy throughout. In a hesperidium, as is found in citrus fruit, the mesocarp is also referred to as \"albedo\" or pith. It is","title":"Fruit anatomy"},{"id":"5567770","text":"and fruits. Stems are also a vital connection between leaves and roots. They conduct water and mineral nutrients through xylem tissue from roots upward, and organic compounds and some mineral nutrients through phloem tissue in any direction within the plant. Apical meristems, located at the shoot tip and axillary buds on the stem, allow plants to increase in length, surface, and mass. In some plants, such as cactus, stems are specialized for photosynthesis and water storage. Typical stems are located above ground, but there are modified stems that can be found either above or below ground. Modified stems located above","title":"Edible plant stem"},{"id":"2471041","text":"Pith Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant. In eudicotyledons, pith is located in the center of the stem. In monocotyledons, it extends also into flowering stems and roots. The pith is encircled by a ring of xylem; the xylem, in turn, is encircled by a ring of phloem. While new pith growth is usually white or pale in colour, as the tissue ages it commonly darkens to a deeper brown color. In trees pith is generally present in","title":"Pith"},{"id":"79124","text":"stuff in and out of them. Mesophyll chloroplasts have a little more peripheral reticulum than bundle sheath chloroplasts. Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts—the chloroplasts, or more specifically, the chlorophyll in them are what make the photosynthetic parts of a plant green. The plant cells which contain chloroplasts are usually parenchyma cells, though chloroplasts can also be found in collenchyma tissue. A plant cell which contains chloroplasts is known as a chlorenchyma cell. A typical chlorenchyma cell of a land plant contains about 10 to 100 chloroplasts. In some","title":"Chloroplast"},{"id":"6280301","text":"Epidermis (botany) The epidermis (from the Greek \"ἐπιδερμίς\", meaning \"over-skin\") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions: it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds, and (especially in roots) absorbs water and mineral nutrients. The epidermis of most leaves shows dorsoventral anatomy: the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces have somewhat different construction and may serve different functions. Woody stems and some other stem structures produce a secondary covering called the periderm","title":"Epidermis (botany)"},{"id":"4544907","text":"system to absorb water; and the ability to develop perennating organs such as corms, rhizomes and bulbs to store food and water for use during drought. Mesophytes do not have any special internal structure. Epidermis is single layered usually with obvious stomata. Opening or closing of stomata is related to water availability. In sufficient supply of water stomata remain open while in limited supply of water stomata are closed to prevent excessive transpiration leading to wilting. Mesophytes generally require a more or less continuous water supply. They usually have larger, thinner leaves compared to xerophytes, sometimes with a greater number","title":"Mesophyte"},{"id":"10919721","text":"Receptacle (botany) In botany, the receptacle refers to vegetative tissues near the end of reproductive stems that are situated below or encase the reproductive organs. In angiosperms, the receptacle or torus (an older term is thalamus, as in Thalamiflorae) is the thickened part of a stem (pedicel) from which the flower organs grow. In some accessory fruits, for example the pome and strawberry, the receptacle gives rise to the edible part of the fruit. The fruit of \"Rubus\" species is a cluster of drupelets on top of a conical receptacle. When a raspberry is picked, the receptacle separates from the","title":"Receptacle (botany)"},{"id":"12366341","text":"the center, with vascular bundles forming a distinct ring visible when the stem is viewed in cross section. The outside of the stem is covered with an epidermis, which is covered by a waterproof cuticle. The epidermis also may contain stomata for gas exchange and multicellular stem hairs called trichomes. A cortex consisting of hypodermis (collenchyma cells) and endodermis (starch containing cells) is present above the pericycle and vascular bundles. Woody dicots and many nonwoody dicots have secondary growth originating from their lateral or secondary meristems: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium or phellogen. The vascular cambium forms between","title":"Plant stem"},{"id":"10738272","text":"known as stomata, which regulate gas and water exchange. The leaves also possess vascular bundles, which are generally visible as veins, whose patterns are called venation. Leaves tend to have a shorter life span than the stems or branches that bear them, and when they fall, an area at the attachment zone, called the abscission zone leaves a scar on the stem. In the angle (adaxial) between the leaf and the stem, is the axil. Here can be found buds (axillary buds), which are miniature and often dormant branches with their own apical meristem. They are often covered by leaves.","title":"Glossary of plant morphology"},{"id":"3684063","text":"Stele (biology) In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem containing the tissues derived from the procambium. These include vascular tissue, in some cases ground tissue (pith) and a pericycle, which, if present, defines the outermost boundary of the stele. Outside the stele lies the endodermis, which is the innermost cell layer of the cortex. The concept of the stele was developed in the late 19th century by French botanists P. E. L. van Tieghem and H. Doultion as a model for understanding the relationship between the shoot and root, and for discussing","title":"Stele (biology)"},{"id":"2108461","text":"into three regions. The parts of a kelp thallus include the holdfast (anchor), stipe (supports the blades) and the blades (for photosynthesis). The thallus of a fungus is usually called a mycelium. The term thallus is also commonly used to refer to the vegetative body of a lichen. In seaweed, thallus is sometimes also called 'frond'. The gametophyte of some non-thallophyte plants – clubmosses, horsetails, and ferns is termed \"prothallus\". Thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek θαλλός (\"thallos\"), meaning \"a green shoot\" or \"twig\", is the undifferentiated vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi,","title":"Thallus"},{"id":"331486","text":"algae, photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts. A typical plant cell contains about 10 to 100 chloroplasts. The chloroplast is enclosed by a membrane. This membrane is composed of a phospholipid inner membrane, a phospholipid outer membrane, and an intermembrane space. Enclosed by the membrane is an aqueous fluid called the stroma. Embedded within the stroma are stacks of thylakoids (grana), which are the site of photosynthesis. The thylakoids appear as flattened disks. The thylakoid itself is enclosed by the thylakoid membrane, and within the enclosed volume is a lumen or thylakoid space. Embedded in the thylakoid membrane are","title":"Photosynthesis"},{"id":"1993435","text":"Mesquite Mesquite is a common name for several plants in the genus \"Prosopis\", which contains over 40 species of small leguminous trees. They are native to the southwestern United States and Mexico (except the creeping mesquite, which is native to Argentina, but invasive in southern California). The mesquite originates in the Tamaulipan mezquital ecoregion, in the deserts and xeric shrublands biome, located in the southern United States and northeastern Mexico. The region covers an area of 141,500 km (54,600 sq mi), encompassing a portion of the Gulf Coastal Plain in southern Texas, northern Tamaulipas, northeastern Coahuila, and part of Nuevo","title":"Mesquite"},{"id":"87958","text":"Chlorophyll Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words , (\"green\") and , (\"leaf\"). Chlorophyll is essential in photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb energy from light. Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum, which it reflects, producing the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants:","title":"Chlorophyll"},{"id":"12380946","text":"Phytomer Phytomers are functional units of a plant, continually produced by root and shoot meristems throughout a plant's vegetative life-cycle. The phytomer unit originates at the shoot (or root) apex, and a typical phytomer consists of a node to which a leaf is attached, a subtending internode, and an axillary bud at the base of the leaf. Each component of a phytomer can continue to differentiate and grow. Increases in a phytomer can be measured using the rate of phyllochron (rate of appearance of leaves on a shoot). Related to the phyllochron is the plastochron, which is the rate of","title":"Phytomer"},{"id":"12782719","text":"Plant stem cell Plant stem cells are innately undifferentiated cells located in the meristems of plants. Plant stem cells serve as the origin of plant vitality, as they maintain themselves while providing a steady supply of precursor cells to form differentiated tissues and organs in plants. Two distinct areas of stem cells are recognised: the apical meristem and the lateral meristem. Plant stem cells are characterized by two distinctive properties, which are: the ability to create all differentiated cell types and the ability to self-renew such that the number of stem cells is maintained. Plant stem cells never undergo aging","title":"Plant stem cell"},{"id":"325260","text":"the major classes of cells and tissues of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and reproductive structures, each of which may be composed of several cell types. Parenchyma cells are living cells that have functions ranging from storage and support to photosynthesis (mesophyll cells) and phloem loading (transfer cells). Apart from the xylem and phloem in their vascular bundles, leaves are composed mainly of parenchyma cells. Some parenchyma cells, as in the epidermis, are specialized for light penetration and focusing or regulation of gas exchange, but others are among the least specialized cells in plant tissue, and may remain totipotent, capable of","title":"Plant cell"},{"id":"6280312","text":"It is thought that plant hormones, such as ethylene and cytokines, control the stomatal developmental response to the environmental conditions. Accumulation of these hormones appears to cause increased stomatal density such as when the plants are kept in closed environments. Epidermis (botany) The epidermis (from the Greek \"ἐπιδερμίς\", meaning \"over-skin\") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions: it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds, and (especially in roots) absorbs water and","title":"Epidermis (botany)"},{"id":"2537995","text":"charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root. In the leaves, stomata open to take in carbon dioxide and expel oxygen. The carbon dioxide molecules are used as the carbon source in photosynthesis. The root, especially the root hair, is the essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele, in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside","title":"Plant nutrition"},{"id":"12590364","text":"structural component of the plant. Chlorophyll, a green-colored, magnesium-containing pigment is essential to this process; it is generally present in plant leaves, and often in other plant parts as well. Parasitic plants, on the other hand, use the resources of their host to provide the materials needed for metabolism and growth. Plants usually rely on soil primarily for support and water (in quantitative terms), but they also obtain compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and other elemental nutrients from the soil. Epiphytic and lithophytic plants depend on air and nearby debris for nutrients, and carnivorous plants supplement their nutrient requirements,","title":"Plant"},{"id":"5682389","text":"as their primary food source. Remarkably these Müllerian bodies, found on the stalk of the leaf, are primarily glycogen. Glycogen is the principal storage carbohydrate found in animals and is extremely rare in plants. Extrafloral nectaries are sugar-producing glands found outside the flower structures of plants. They occur in many different plant species around the world and are most commonly associated with vegetative structures that normally do not have nectaries, such as leaves, stems, and twigs. These secreting structures are often non-exclusive in that nectar can be taken by a variety of animals; however, in some obligate myrmecophyte plants such","title":"Myrmecophyte"},{"id":"12590335","text":"algae. Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green color. Some plants are parasitic or mycotrophic and may lose the ability to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or to photosynthesize. Plants are characterized by sexual reproduction and alternation of generations, although asexual reproduction is also common. There are about 320 thousand species of plants, of which the great majority, some 260–290 thousand, are seed plants (see the table below). Green plants provide a substantial proportion","title":"Plant"},{"id":"12366838","text":"Peyote Lophophora williamsii () or peyote () is a small, spineless cactus with psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline. \"Peyote\" is a Spanish word derived from the Nahuatl, or Aztec, peyōtl , meaning \"glisten\" or \"glistening\". Other sources translate the Nahuatl word as \"Divine Messenger\". Peyote is native to Mexico and southwestern Texas. It is found primarily in the Chihuahuan Desert and in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí among scrub. It flowers from March through May, and sometimes as late as September. The flowers are pink, with thigmotactic anthers (like \"Opuntia\"). Known for its psychoactive properties","title":"Peyote"},{"id":"5115304","text":"Cortex (botany) A cortex is the outermost layer of a stem or root in a plant. In botany, the cortex is the outermost layer of the stem or root of a plant, bounded on the outside by the epidermis and on the inside by the endodermis. In plants, it is composed mostly of differentiated cells, usually large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system. The outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly thickened cell walls, and are called collenchyma cells. Some of the outer cortical cells may contain chloroplasts. It is responsible for the transportation of materials into the central","title":"Cortex (botany)"},{"id":"8310057","text":"mechanism, the stomatal guard cells, which regulate the rates of transpiration and CO exchange. Plant cuticle A plant cuticle is a protecting film covering the epidermis of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs without periderm. It consists of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers impregnated with wax, and is synthesized exclusively by the epidermal cells. The plant cuticle is a layer of lipid polymers impregnated with waxes that is present on the outer surfaces of the primary organs of all vascular land plants. It is also present in the sporophyte generation of hornworts, and in both sporophyte and gametophyte generations","title":"Plant cuticle"},{"id":"10827637","text":"Laimosphere The laimosphere is the microbiologically enriched zone of soil that surrounds below-ground portions of plant stems; the laimosphere is analogous to the rhizosphere and spermosphere. The combining form laim- from laimos (Greek: λαιμός) denotes a connecting organ (neck) while -sphere indicates a zone of influence. Topographically, the \"laimosphere\" includes the soil around any portion of subterranean plant organs other than roots where exuded nutrients (especially sugars and amino acids) stimulate microbial activities. Subterranean plant organs with a laimosphere include hypocotyls, epicotyls, stems, stolons, corms, bulbs, and leaves. Propagules of soil-borne plant pathogens, whose germination is stimulated by a plant","title":"Laimosphere"},{"id":"685319","text":"Epiphyte An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. Epiphytes take part in nutrient cycles and add to both the diversity and biomass of the ecosystem in which they occur like any other organism. They are an important source of food for many species. Typically, the older parts of a plant will have more epiphytes growing on them. Epiphytes differ from parasites in that epiphytes grow on other plants for physical support and do not","title":"Epiphyte"},{"id":"12590372","text":"has a key role in integrating progression through germination with repair responses to the DNA damages accumulated by the aged seed. Plant cells are typically distinguished by their large water-filled central vacuole, chloroplasts, and rigid cell walls that are made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Cell division is also characterized by the development of a phragmoplast for the construction of a cell plate in the late stages of cytokinesis. Just as in animals, plant cells differentiate and develop into multiple cell types. Totipotent meristematic cells can differentiate into vascular, storage, protective (e.g. epidermal layer), or reproductive tissues, with more","title":"Plant"},{"id":"1754054","text":"in two locations: the root and the stem. Some Arctic plants have an apical meristem in the lower/middle parts of the plant. It is thought that this kind of meristem evolved because it is advantageous in Arctic conditions. Shoot apical meristems are the source of all above-ground organs, such as leaves and flowers. Cells at the shoot apical meristem summit serve as stem cells to the surrounding peripheral region, where they proliferate rapidly and are incorporated into differentiating leaf or flower primordia. The shoot apical meristem is the site of most of the embryogenesis in flowering plants. Primordia of leaves,","title":"Meristem"},{"id":"2986376","text":"Stipe (botany) In botany, a stipe is a stalk that supports some other structure. The precise meaning is different depending on which taxonomic group is being described. In the case of ferns, the stipe is only the petiole from the rootstock to the beginning of the leaf tissue, or lamina. The continuation of the structure within the lamina is then termed a rachis. In flowering plants, the term is often used in reference to a stalk that sometimes supports a flower's ovary. In orchids, the stipe or caudicle is the stalk-like support of the pollinia. It is a non-viscid band","title":"Stipe (botany)"},{"id":"79125","text":"plants such as cacti, chloroplasts are found in the stems, though in most plants, chloroplasts are concentrated in the leaves. One square millimeter of leaf tissue can contain half a million chloroplasts. Within a leaf, chloroplasts are mainly found in the mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade mesophyll cells can contain 30–70 chloroplasts per cell, while stomatal guard cells contain only around 8–15 per cell, as well as much less chlorophyll. Chloroplasts can also be found in the bundle sheath cells of a leaf, especially in C plants, which carry out the Calvin cycle","title":"Chloroplast"},{"id":"251196","text":"the foliage-bearing or vegetative portion, and forms a more or less elaborate branch-system called an inflorescence. There are two kinds of reproductive cells produced by flowers. Microspores, which will divide to become pollen grains, are the \"male\" cells and are borne in the stamens (or microsporophylls). The \"female\" cells called megaspores, which will divide to become the egg cell (megagametogenesis), are contained in the ovule and enclosed in the carpel (or megasporophyll). The flower may consist only of these parts, as in willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and","title":"Flowering plant"},{"id":"5179007","text":"Velamen Velamen is a spongy, multiple epidermis that covers the roots of some epiphytic or semi-epiphytic plants, such as orchid and \"Clivia\" species. The velamen of an orchid is the white or gray covering of aerial roots (when dry, and usually more green when wet as a result of the appearance of underlying photosynthetic structures). It is many cell layers thick and capable of absorbing atmospheric moisture and nutrients, but its main function may lie in protecting the underlying cells against damaging UV rays (Chomicki et al., 2015). Often, the roots of orchids are associated with symbiotic fungi or bacteria;","title":"Velamen"},{"id":"8546608","text":"Mesic habitat In ecology, a mesic habitat is a type of habitat with a moderate or well-balanced supply of moisture, e.g., a mesic forest, a temperate hardwood forest, or dry-mesic prairie. Mesic habitats transition to xeric shrublands in a non-linear fashion, which is evidence of a threshold. Mesic is one of a triad of terms used to describe the amount of water in a habitat. The others are xeric and hydric. Further examples of mesic habitats include all of the earth. These habitats effectively provide drought insurance as land at higher elevations warms due to seasonal or other change. Healthy","title":"Mesic habitat"},{"id":"12590381","text":"leaves, to the fully parasitic broomrape and toothwort that acquire all their nutrients through connections to the roots of other plants, and so have no chlorophyll. Some plants, known as myco-heterotrophs, parasitize mycorrhizal fungi, and hence act as epiparasites on other plants. Many plants are epiphytes, meaning they grow on other plants, usually trees, without parasitizing them. Epiphytes may indirectly harm their host plant by intercepting mineral nutrients and light that the host would otherwise receive. The weight of large numbers of epiphytes may break tree limbs. Hemiepiphytes like the strangler fig begin as epiphytes but eventually set their own","title":"Plant"},{"id":"12590373","text":"primitive plants lacking some tissue types. Plants are photosynthetic, which means that they manufacture their own food molecules using energy obtained from light. The primary mechanism plants have for capturing light energy is the pigment chlorophyll. All green plants contain two forms of chlorophyll, chlorophyll \"a\" and chlorophyll \"b\". The latter of these pigments is not found in red or brown algae. The simple equation of photosynthesis is as follows:- 6CO + 6HO → (in the presence of light and chlorophyll) CHO + 6O By means of cells that behave like nerves, plants receive and distribute within their systems information","title":"Plant"},{"id":"3051732","text":"Endodermis The endodermis is the central, innermost layer of cortex in some land plants. It is made of compact living cells surrounded by an outer ring of endodermal cells that are impregnated with hydrophobic substances (Casparian Strip) to restrict apoplastic flow of water to the inside. The endodermis is the boundary between the cortex and the stele. In many seedless vascular plants, the endodermis is a distinctly visible layer of cells immediately outside the vascular cylinder (stele) in roots and shoots. In most seed plants, especially woody types, an endodermis is absent from the stems but is present in roots.","title":"Endodermis"},{"id":"989501","text":"layer of cells) or stratified (multiple layers of cells). However, other cellular features, such as cilia may also be described in the classification system. Some common kinds of epithelium are listed below: In plant anatomy, tissues are categorized broadly into three tissue systems: the epidermis, the ground tissue, and the vascular tissue. Plant tissues can also be divided differently into two types: Meristematic tissue consists of actively dividing cells, and leads to increase in length and thickness of the plant. The primary growth of a plant occurs only in certain, specific regions, such as in the tips of stems or","title":"Tissue (biology)"},{"id":"12366655","text":"Transpiration Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. The remaining 97–99.5% is lost by transpiration and guttation. Leaf surfaces are dotted with pores called stomata, and in most plants they are more numerous on the undersides of the foliage. The stomata are bordered by guard cells and their stomatal accessory cells (together known as stomatal complex) that open and close the pore.","title":"Transpiration"},{"id":"12375500","text":"extensively vascularised and typically have networks of vascular bundles containing xylem, which supplies water for photosynthesis, and phloem, which transports the sugars produced by photosynthesis. Many leaves are covered in trichomes (small hairs) which have diverse structures and functions. The major tissue systems present are These three tissue systems typically form a regular organisation at the cellular scale. Specialised cells that differ markedly from surrounding cells, and which often synthesise specialised products such as crystals, are termed idioblasts. The epidermis is the outer layer of cells covering the leaf. It is covered with a waxy cuticle which is impermeable to","title":"Leaf"},{"id":"523424","text":"Mescaline Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin. It occurs naturally in the peyote cactus (\"Lophophora williamsii\"), the San Pedro cactus (\"Echinopsis pachanoi\"), the Peruvian torch (\"Echinopsis peruviana\"), and other members of the Cactaceae plant family. It is also found in small amounts in certain members of the Fabaceae (bean) family, including \"Acacia berlandieri\". However those claims concerning Acacia species have been challenged and have been unsupported in additional analysis. Peyote has been used for at least 5,700 years by Native Americans in","title":"Mescaline"},{"id":"325259","text":"Plant cell Plant cells are eukaryotic cells of the types present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the absence of flagellae or centrioles, except in the gametes, and a unique method of cell division involving the formation of a cell plate or phragmoplast that separates the new daughter cells. Plant cells differentiate from undifferentiated meristematic cells (analogous to the stem cells of animals) to form","title":"Plant cell"},{"id":"11286101","text":"problem is particularly common, giving soft, white, 'corky' tissue. Spongy tissue is also a type of animal tissue which contains smooth muscles, fibrous tissues, spaces, veins, and arteries. An example is the corpus spongiosum penis. In bone, the spongy tissue is called cancellous tissue. Spongy tissue Spongy tissue is a type of tissue found both in plants and animals. In plants, it is part of the mesophyll, where it forms a layer next to the palisade cells in the leaf. The spongy mesophyll's function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO2) that are needed for photosynthesis. The spongy","title":"Spongy tissue"},{"id":"2986377","text":"or strap connecting the pollinia with the viscidium (the viscid part of the rostellum or beak). A stipe is also a structure found in organisms that are studied by botanists but that are no longer classified as plants. It may be the stem-like part of the thallus of a mushroom or a seaweed, and is particularly common among brown algae such as kelp. The stipe of a kelp often contains a central region of cells that, like the phloem of vascular plants, serves to transport nutrients within the alga. Stipe (botany) In botany, a stipe is a stalk that supports","title":"Stipe (botany)"},{"id":"10985371","text":"pteridophytes to angiosperms: Pteridophytes, with a single meristematic cell; gymnosperms with a multicellular, but less defined organization; and finally, angiosperms, with the highest degree of organization. Transcription factors and transcriptional regulatory networks play key roles in plant development and stress responses, as well as their evolution. During plant landing, many novel transcription factor families emerged and are preferentially wired into the networks of multicellular development, reproduction, and organ development, contributing to more complex morphogenesis of land plants. Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs of a plant. Based on their structure, they are classified into two types - microphylls, that lack","title":"Plant evolutionary developmental biology"},{"id":"8310052","text":"Plant cuticle A plant cuticle is a protecting film covering the epidermis of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs without periderm. It consists of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers impregnated with wax, and is synthesized exclusively by the epidermal cells. The plant cuticle is a layer of lipid polymers impregnated with waxes that is present on the outer surfaces of the primary organs of all vascular land plants. It is also present in the sporophyte generation of hornworts, and in both sporophyte and gametophyte generations of mosses The plant cuticle forms a coherent outer covering of the plant that","title":"Plant cuticle"},{"id":"11286100","text":"Spongy tissue Spongy tissue is a type of tissue found both in plants and animals. In plants, it is part of the mesophyll, where it forms a layer next to the palisade cells in the leaf. The spongy mesophyll's function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO2) that are needed for photosynthesis. The spongy mesophyll cells are less likely to go through photosynthesis than those in the palisade mesophyll. It is also the name of a disorder of fruit ripening which can reduce the value of a fruit yield, especially in mango. In the alphonso mango variety, this","title":"Spongy tissue"},{"id":"509159","text":"live on their own. The algal or cyanobacterial symbionts in lichens, such as \"Trentepohlia\", can generally live independently, and their symbiosis is, therefore, facultative (optional). Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete, nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as \"Frankia\", which live in alder root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects. Ectosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont","title":"Symbiosis"},{"id":"18052699","text":"the poisonous secretion is released. Glands secreting a sugary liquid—the nectar—in flowers pollinated by insects are called nectaries. Nectaries may occur on the floral stalk or on any floral organ: sepal, petal, stamen, or ovary. The hydathode structures discharge water—a phenomenon called guttation through openings in margins or tips of leaves. The water flows through the xylem to its endings in the leaf and then through the intercellular spaces of the hydathode tissue toward the openings in the epidermis. Strictly speaking, such hydathodes are not glands because they are passive with regard to the flow of water. Some carnivorous plants","title":"Plant secretory tissue"},{"id":"6280305","text":"the leaves of monocots than in those of dicots. Trichomes or hairs grow out from the epidermis in many species. In root epidermis, epidermal hairs, termed root hairs are common and are specialized for absorption of water and mineral nutrients. In plants with secondary growth, the epidermis of roots and stems is usually replaced by a periderm through the action of a cork cambium. The leaf and stem epidermis is covered with pores called stomata (sing., stoma), part of a stoma complex consisting of a pore surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells, and two to four subsidiary cells","title":"Epidermis (botany)"},{"id":"331531","text":"on more than 15 species of monocot and dicot uncovered for the first time that differences in leaf anatomy are crucial factors in differentiating photosynthetic capacities among species. In tropical grasses, including maize, sorghum, sugarcane, Bermuda grass and in the dicot amaranthus, leaf photosynthetic rates were around 38−40 μmol CO·m·s, and the leaves have two types of green cells, i. e. outer layer of mesophyll cells surrounding a tightly packed cholorophyllous vascular bundle sheath cells. This type of anatomy was termed Kranz anatomy in the 19th century by the botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt while studying leaf anatomy of sugarcane. Plant species","title":"Photosynthesis"},{"id":"3684066","text":"Most seed plant stems possess a vascular arrangement which has been interpreted as a derived siphonostele, and is called a There is also a variant of the eustele found in monocots like maize and rye. The variation has numerous scattered bundles in the stem and is called an atactostele (characterestic of monocot stem). However, it is really just a variant of the eustele. Stele (biology) In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem containing the tissues derived from the procambium. These include vascular tissue, in some cases ground tissue (pith) and a pericycle,","title":"Stele (biology)"},{"id":"877547","text":"Stoma In botany, a stoma (plural \"stomata\"), also called a stomata (plural \"stomates\") (from Greek στόμα, \"mouth\"), is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the stomatal opening. The term is usually used collectively to refer to the entire stomatal complex, consisting of the paired guard cells and the pore itself, which is referred to as the stomatal aperture. Air enters the plant through these openings by gaseous","title":"Stoma"},{"id":"6208192","text":"Epicotyl An epicotyl is important for the beginning stages of a plant's life. It is the region of a seedling stem above the stalks of the seed leaves of an embryo plant. It grows rapidly, showing hypogeal germination, and extends the stem above the soil surface. Epicotyls also form a hook during hypogeal germination. The epicotyl will expand and form the shoot apex and leaf primordia or \"first true leaves\", but the cotyledon will stay below the ground. In plant physiology, the epicotyl is the embryonic shoot above the cotyledons. In most plants the epicotyl will eventually develop into the","title":"Epicotyl"},{"id":"19942087","text":"Heliophyte Sunstroke plants or heliophytes are adapted to a habitat with a very intensive insolation, because of the construction of its own structure and maintenance (metabolism). Solar plants, for example, are mullein, ling, thyme and soft velcro, white clover, and most roses. They are common in open terrain, rocks, meadows, as well as at the mountain pastures and grasslands and other long sunny exposures. Special features of the plant include coarse tiny leaves with hairy and waxy protection against excessive light radiation and water loss. In structure, the leaves vary in frequent double palisade layers. Chloroplasts have a protective element","title":"Heliophyte"},{"id":"12590355","text":"Stomata are absent from liverworts, but occur on the sporangia of mosses and hornworts, allowing gas exchange. Vascular plants first appeared during the Silurian period, and by the Devonian had diversified and spread into many different terrestrial environments. They developed a number of adaptations that allowed them to spread into increasingly more arid places, notably the vascular tissues xylem and phloem, that transport water and food throughout the organism. Root systems capable of obtaining soil water and nutrients also evolved during the Devonian. In modern vascular plants, the sporophyte is typically large, branched, nutritionally independent and long-lived, but there is","title":"Plant"},{"id":"125111","text":"central vacuole encompassed by a membrane called the tonoplast. Vacuoles of plant cells act as storage compartments for the nutrients and waste of a cell. The solution that these molecules are stored in is called the cell sap. Pigments that color the cell are sometime located in the cell sap. Vacuoles can also increase the size of the cell, which elongates as water is added, and they control the turgor pressure (the osmotic pressure that keeps the cell wall from caving in). Like lysosomes of animal cells, vacuoles have an acidic pH and contain hydrolytic enzymes. The pH of vacuoles","title":"Endomembrane system"},{"id":"2769558","text":"Microbody A microbodies (or cytosomes) is a type of organelle that is found in the cells of plants, protozoa, and animals. Organelles in the microbody family include peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes and hydrogenosomes. In vertebrates, microbodies are especially prevalent in the liver and kidney organs. A microbody is usually a vesicle with a spherical shape, ranging from 0.2-1.5 micrometers in diameter. Microbodies are found in the cytoplasm of a cell, but they are only visible with the use of an electron microscope. They are surrounded by a single phospholipid bilayer membrane and they contain a matrix of intracellular material including enzymes","title":"Microbody"},{"id":"12590375","text":"2000). Plants also carry immune receptors that recognize highly variable pathogen effectors. These include the NBS-LRR class of proteins. Vascular plants differ from other plants in that nutrients are transported between their different parts through specialized structures, called xylem and phloem. They also have roots for taking up water and minerals. The xylem moves water and minerals from the root to the rest of the plant, and the phloem provides the roots with sugars and other nutrient produced by the leaves. Plants have some of the largest genomes among all organisms. The largest plant genome (in terms of gene number)","title":"Plant"},{"id":"678300","text":"Drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pit, stone, or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. These fruits usually develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovaries (polypyrenous drupes are exceptions). The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard, \"lignified\" stone (or pit) is derived from the ovary wall of the flower—in an aggregate fruit composed of small, individual drupes (such as a raspberry), each individual is termed","title":"Drupe"},{"id":"4232271","text":"Plant embryogenesis Plant embryogenesis is a process that occurs after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo. This is a pertinent stage in the plant life cycle that is followed by dormancy and germination. The zygote produced after fertilization, must undergo various cellular divisions and differentiations to become a mature embryo. An end stage embryo has five major components including the shoot apical meristem, hypocotyl, root meristem, root cap, and cotyledons. Unlike animal embryogenesis, plant embryogenesis results in an immature form of the plant, lacking most structures like leaves, stems, and reproductive structures. Embryogenesis occurs","title":"Plant embryogenesis"},{"id":"2065764","text":"Hypocotyl The hypocotyl (short for \"hypocotyledonous stem\", meaning \"below seed leaf\") is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root). As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root, and then penetrates down into the soil. After emergence of the radicle, the hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called cotyledons), and the plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves. The hypocotyl is the primary organ","title":"Hypocotyl"},{"id":"10919722","text":"fruit, but in blackberries, it remains attached to the fruit. In the Daisy family (Compositae or Asteraceae), small individual flowers are arranged on a round or dome-like structure that is also called receptacle. In phycology, receptacles occur at the ends of branches of algae mainly in the brown algae or Heterokontophyta in the Order Fucales. They are specialised structures which contain the reproductive organs called conceptacles. Receptacles also function as a structure that captures food. Receptacle (botany) In botany, the receptacle refers to vegetative tissues near the end of reproductive stems that are situated below or encase the reproductive organs.","title":"Receptacle (botany)"},{"id":"5985190","text":"Stigma (botany) The stigma (plural: stigmata) is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower. The stigma, together with the style and ovary comprises the pistil, which in turn is part of the gynoecium or female reproductive organ of a plant. The stigma forms the distal portion of the style or stylodia. The stigma is composed of , the cells which are receptive to pollen. These may be restricted to the apex of the style or, especially in wind pollinated species, cover a wide surface. The stigma receives pollen and it","title":"Stigma (botany)"},{"id":"8310056","text":"also functions in defense, forming a physical barrier that resists penetration by virus particles, bacterial cells, and the spores and growing filaments of fungi\". The plant cuticle is one of a series of innovations, together with stomata, xylem and phloem and intercellular spaces in stem and later leaf mesophyll tissue, that plants evolved more than 450 million years ago during the transition between life in water and life on land. Together, these features enabled upright plant shoots exploring aerial environments to conserve water by internalising the gas exchange surfaces, enclosing them in a waterproof membrane and providing a variable-aperture control","title":"Plant cuticle"},{"id":"3684065","text":"system. Such an arrangement is termed a protostele. There are usually three basic types of protostele: Siphonosteles have a region of ground tissue called the pith internal to xylem. The vascular strand comprises a cylinder surrounding the pith. Siphonosteles often have interruptions in the vascular strand where leaves (typically megaphylls) originate (called leaf gaps). Siphonosteles can be ectophloic (phloem present only external to the xylem) or they can be amphiphloic (with phloem both external and internal to the xylem). Among living plants, many ferns and some Asterid flowering plants have an amphiphloic stele. An amphiphloic siphonostele can be called a:","title":"Stele (biology)"},{"id":"6280306","text":"that lack chloroplasts. The stomata complex regulates the exchange of gases and water vapor between the outside air and the interior of the leaf. Typically, the stomata are more numerous over the abaxial (lower) epidermis of the leaf than the (adaxial) upper epidermis. An exception is floating leaves where most or all stomata are on the upper surface. Vertical leaves, such as those of many grasses, often have roughly equal numbers of stomata on both surfaces. The stoma is bounded by two guard cells. The guard cells differ from the epidermal cells in the following aspects: At night, the sugar","title":"Epidermis (botany)"},{"id":"12367815","text":"the transport of the sap containing the sugars made by photosynthesis to other parts of the tree. It is a soft spongy layer of living cells, some of which are arranged end to end to form tubes. These are supported by parenchyma cells which provide padding and include fibres for strengthening the tissue. Inside the phloem is a layer of undifferentiated cells one cell thick called the vascular cambium layer. The cells are continually dividing, creating phloem cells on the outside and wood cells known as xylem on the inside. The newly created xylem is the sapwood. It is composed","title":"Tree"},{"id":"1993447","text":"of plants either through herbicide or physical removal. There is also new research being done on using satellite and aerial images to assess canopy cover and determine which ranges should be targeted. Mesquite Mesquite is a common name for several plants in the genus \"Prosopis\", which contains over 40 species of small leguminous trees. They are native to the southwestern United States and Mexico (except the creeping mesquite, which is native to Argentina, but invasive in southern California). The mesquite originates in the Tamaulipan mezquital ecoregion, in the deserts and xeric shrublands biome, located in the southern United States and","title":"Mesquite"},{"id":"989508","text":"stone cell or sclereids. These tissues are mainly of two types: sclerenchyma fiber and sclereids. Schlerenchyma cells have a narrow lumen and are long, narrow and unicellular. The entire surface of the plant consists of a single layer of cells called epidermis or surface tissue. The entire surface of the plant has this outer layer of the epidermis. Hence it is also called surface tissue. Most of the epidermal cells are relatively flat. The outer and lateral walls of the cell are often thicker than the inner walls. The cells form a continuous sheet without intercellular spaces. It protects all","title":"Tissue (biology)"},{"id":"4011701","text":"Photosystem Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis that together carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons. Photosystems are found in the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae and cyanobacteria. They are located in the chloroplasts of plants and algae, and in the cytoplasmic membrane of photosynthetic bacteria. There are two kinds of photosystems: II and I. At the heart of a photosystem lies the reaction center, which is an enzyme that uses light to reduce molecules (provide with electrons). This reaction center is surrounded","title":"Photosystem"},{"id":"13428624","text":"Forest floor The forest floor, also called detritus, duff and the O horizon, is one of the most distinctive features of a forest ecosystem. It mainly consists of shed vegetative parts, such as leaves, branches, bark, and stems, existing in various stages of decomposition above the soil surface. Although principally composed of non-living organic material, the forest floor also teems with a wide variety of fauna and flora. It is one of the richest components of the ecosystem from the standpoint of biodiversity because of the large number of decomposers and predators present, mostly belonging to invertebrates, fungi, algae, bacteria,","title":"Forest floor"},{"id":"6280303","text":"The cells of the epidermis are structurally and functionally variable. Most plants have an epidermis that is a single cell layer thick. Some plants like \"Ficus elastica\" and \"Peperomia\", which have periclinal cellular division within the protoderm of the leaves, have an epidermis with multiple cell layers. Epidermal cells are tightly linked to each other and provide mechanical strength and protection to the plant. The walls of the epidermal cells of the above ground parts of plants contain cutin, and are covered with a cuticle. The cuticle reduces water loss to the atmosphere, it is sometimes covered with wax in","title":"Epidermis (botany)"},{"id":"12590377","text":"all ecosystems. Photosynthesis, at first by cyanobacteria and later by photosynthetic eukaryotes, radically changed the composition of the early Earth's anoxic atmosphere, which as a result is now 21% oxygen. Animals and most other organisms are aerobic, relying on oxygen; those that do not are confined to relatively rare anaerobic environments. Plants are the primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems and form the basis of the food web in those ecosystems. Many animals rely on plants for shelter as well as oxygen and food. Land plants are key components of the water cycle and several other biogeochemical cycles. Some plants","title":"Plant"},{"id":"1754001","text":"vascular cambium. In dicot and gymnosperm trees, the vascular cambium is the obvious line separating the bark and wood; they also have a cork cambium. For successful grafting, the vascular cambia of the rootstock and scion must be aligned so they can grow together. The cambium present between primary xylem and primary phloem is called the \"intrafascicular\" cambium (within vascular bundles). During secondary growth, cells of medullary rays, in a line (as seen in section; in three dimensions, it is a sheet) between neighbouring vascular bundles, become meristematic and form new \"interfascicular\" cambium (between vascular bundles). The intrafascicular and interfascicular","title":"Vascular cambium"},{"id":"10964221","text":"Rhizodermis Rhizodermis is the root epidermis (also referred to as epiblem), the outermost primary cell layer of the root. Specialized rhisodermal cells, trichoblasts, form long tubular structures (from 5 to 17 micrometers in diameter and from 80 micrometers to 1.5 millimeters in length) almost perpendicular to the main cell axis - root hairs that absorb water and nutrients. Root hairs of the rhizodermis are always in close contact with soil particles and because of their high surface to volume ratio form an absorbing surface which is much larger than the transpiring surfaces of the plant. With some species of the","title":"Rhizodermis"},{"id":"1343606","text":"Aquatic plant Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). They are also referred to as hydrophytes or macrophytes. A macrophyte is an aquatic plant that grows in or near water and is either emergent, submergent, or floating, and includes helophytes (a plant that grows in marsh, partly submerged in water, so that it regrows from buds below the water surface). In lakes and rivers macrophytes provide cover for fish and substrate for aquatic invertebrates, produce oxygen, and act as food for some fish and wildlife. Aquatic plants require special adaptations for living","title":"Aquatic plant"},{"id":"12365976","text":"of water shortage. Succulent plants such as the cacti store water in the vacuoles of large parenchyma tissues. Other plants have leaf modifications to reduce water loss, such as needle-shaped leaves, sunken stomata, and thick, waxy cuticles as in the pine. The sand-dune marram grass has rolled leaves with stomata on the inner surface. Hydrophytes are plants in water habitats. They mostly grow in water or in wet or damp places. In these plants the water absorption occur through the whole surface of the plant, e.g., the water lily. Halophytes are plants living in marshy areas (close to sea). They","title":"Osmoregulation"},{"id":"12375479","text":"controlling water loss. Their surfaces are waterproofed by the plant cuticle and gas exchange between the mesophyll cells and the atmosphere is controlled by minute (length and width measured in tens of µm) openings called stomata which open or close to regulate the rate exchange of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapour into and out of the internal intercellular space system. Stomatal opening is controlled by the turgor pressure in a pair of guard cells that surround the stomatal aperture. In any square centimeter of a plant leaf there may be from 1,000 to 100,000 stomata. The shape and structure","title":"Leaf"},{"id":"8310054","text":"C36. The primary function of the plant cuticle is as a water permeability barrier that prevents evaporation of water from the epidermal surface, and also prevents external water and solutes from entering the tissues. In addition to its function as a permeability barrier for water and other molecules (prevent water loss), the micro and nano-structure of the cuticle confer specialised surface properties that prevent contamination of plant tissues with external water, dirt and microorganisms. Aerial organs of many plants, such as the leaves of the sacred lotus (\"Nelumbo nucifera\") have ultra-hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties that have been described by Barthlott","title":"Plant cuticle"},{"id":"8546610","text":"Department of Agriculture in order to protect over 5.6 million acres of mesic habitat. Mesic habitat In ecology, a mesic habitat is a type of habitat with a moderate or well-balanced supply of moisture, e.g., a mesic forest, a temperate hardwood forest, or dry-mesic prairie. Mesic habitats transition to xeric shrublands in a non-linear fashion, which is evidence of a threshold. Mesic is one of a triad of terms used to describe the amount of water in a habitat. The others are xeric and hydric. Further examples of mesic habitats include all of the earth. These habitats effectively provide drought","title":"Mesic habitat"},{"id":"3179589","text":"Lithophyte Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks. Those that grow on rocks are also known as epipetric or epilithic plants. Lithophytes that grow on land feed off nutrients from rain water and nearby decaying plants, including their own dead tissue. Chasmophytes grow in fissures in rocks where soil or organic matter has accumulated. Examples of lithophytes include several \"Paphiopedilum\" orchids, ferns, many algae and liverworts. Species that only grow on rock or gravel are obligate lithophytes. Species that grow on rocky substrate and elsewhere are facultative lithophytes. As nutrients tend to be rarely available to lithophytes or","title":"Lithophyte"},{"id":"581909","text":"Mesosphere The mesosphere (; from Greek \"mesos\" \"middle\" ) is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere. In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as the altitude increases. This characteristic is used to define its limits: it begins at the top of the stratosphere (sometimes called the stratopause), and ends at the mesopause, which is the coldest part of Earth's atmosphere with temperatures below . The exact upper and lower boundaries of the mesosphere vary with latitude and with season (higher in winter and at the tropics, lower in summer and at","title":"Mesosphere"},{"id":"18999715","text":"that form root mucilage. These polysaccharides come from the Golgi apparatus and plant cell wall, which are rich in plant-specific polysaccharides. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a cell wall that acts as a barrier surrounding the cell providing strength, which supports plants just like a skeleton. This cell wall is used to produce everyday products such as timber, paper, and natural fabrics, including cotton. Root mucilage is a part of a wider secrete from plant roots known as root exudate. Plant roots secrete a variety of organic molecules into the surrounding soil, such as proteins, enzymes, DNA, sugars and","title":"Root mucilage"},{"id":"5280960","text":"Sieve tube element Sieve elements are specialized cells that are important for the function of phloem, which is highly organized tissue that transports organic compounds made during photosynthesis. Sieve elements are the major conducting cells in phloem. Conducting cells aid in transport of molecules especially for long-distance signaling. In plant anatomy, there are two main types of sieve elements which are sieve cells and sieve tube members. Sieve cells are specialized cells in the phloem tissue of flowering plants. Companion cells and Sieve cells originate from meristems, which are tissues that actively divide throughout a plant's lifetime. They are similar","title":"Sieve tube element"},{"id":"3978035","text":"Haustorium In botany and mycology, a haustorium (plural haustoria) is a structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. In botany, this may refer to a cotyledon, or to the root of a parasitic plant (such as the broomrape family or mistletoe) that penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. In mycology, it refers to the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip), which performs a similar function. Microscopic haustoria penetrate the host plant's cell wall and siphon nutrients from the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane but","title":"Haustorium"},{"id":"2537996","text":"the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and mineral ions within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plant's nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration - in the plant. There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: Nutrients can be","title":"Plant nutrition"},{"id":"12366340","text":"ground tissue and vascular tissue. The dermal tissue covers the outer surface of the stem and usually functions to waterproof, protect and control gas exchange. The ground tissue usually consists mainly of parenchyma cells and fills in around the vascular tissue. It sometimes functions in photosynthesis. Vascular tissue provides long distance transport and structural support. Most or all ground tissue may be lost in woody stems. The dermal tissue of aquatic plants stems may lack the waterproofing found in aerial stems. The arrangement of the vascular tissues varies widely among plant species. Dicot stems with primary growth have pith in","title":"Plant stem"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"4544906\",\n \"text\": \"Mesophyte Mesophytes are terrestrial plants which are neither adapted to particularly dry nor particularly wet environments. An example of a mesophytic habitat would be a rural temperate meadow, which might contain goldenrod, clover, oxeye daisy, and \\\"Rosa multiflora\\\". Mesophytes prefer soil and air of moderate humidity and avoid soil with standing water or containing a great abundance of salts. They make up the largest ecological group of terrestrial plants, and usually grow under moderate to hot and humid climatic regions. Mesophytes do not have any specific morphological adaptations. They usually have broad, flat and green leaves; an extensive fibrous root\",\n \"title\": \"Mesophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4544908\",\n \"text\": \"of stomata on the undersides of leaves. Because of their lack of particular xeromorphic adaptations, when they are exposed to extreme conditions they lose water rapidly, and are not tolerant of drought. Mesophytes are intermediate in water use and needs. These plants are found in average conditions of temperature and moisture and grow in soil that has no water logging. The roots of mesophytes are well developed, branched and provided with a root cap. The shoot system is well organised. The stem is generally aerial, branched, straight, thick and hard. Leaves are thin, broad in middle, dark green and of\",\n \"title\": \"Mesophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12375504\",\n \"text\": \"called the mesophyll (Greek for \\\"middle leaf\\\"). This assimilation tissue is the primary location of photosynthesis in the plant. The products of photosynthesis are called \\\"assimilates\\\". In ferns and most flowering plants, the mesophyll is divided into two layers: Leaves are normally green, due to chlorophyll in chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells. Plants that lack chlorophyll cannot photosynthesize. The veins are the vascular tissue of the leaf and are located in the spongy layer of the mesophyll. The pattern of the veins is called venation. In angiosperms the venation is typically parallel in monocotyledons and forms an interconnecting network in\",\n \"title\": \"Leaf\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"325270\",\n \"text\": \"that covers the plant shoot apex, whereas the cortex and vascular tissues arise from innermost layer of the shoot apex known as the \\\"corpus\\\" (L3 layer). The epidermis of roots originates from the layer of cells immediately beneath the root cap. The epidermis of all aerial organs, but not roots, is covered with a cuticle made of polyester cutin or polymer cutan (or both), with a superficial layer of epicuticular waxes. The epidermal cells of the primary shoot are thought to be the only plant cells with the biochemical capacity to synthesize cutin. Plant cell Plant cells are eukaryotic cells\",\n \"title\": \"Plant cell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"331488\",\n \"text\": \"complexes called antenna proteins. In such proteins, the pigments are arranged to work together. Such a combination of proteins is also called a light-harvesting complex. Although all cells in the green parts of a plant have chloroplasts, the majority of those are found in specially adapted structures called leaves. Certain species adapted to conditions of strong sunlight and aridity, such as many Euphorbia and cactus species, have their main photosynthetic organs in their stems. The cells in the interior tissues of a leaf, called the mesophyll, can contain between 450,000 and 800,000 chloroplasts for every square millimeter of leaf. The\",\n \"title\": \"Photosynthesis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12366339\",\n \"text\": \"Plant stem A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes: The term \\\"shoots\\\" is often confused with \\\"stems\\\"; \\\"shoots\\\" generally refers to new fresh plant growth including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers. In most plants stems are located above the soil surface but some plants have underground stems. Stems have four main functions which are: Stems are often specialized for storage, asexual reproduction, protection or photosynthesis, including the following: Stem usually consist of three tissues, dermal tissue,\",\n \"title\": \"Plant stem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"325269\",\n \"text\": \"parenchyma cells, that covers the external surfaces of leaves, stems and roots. Several cell types may be present in the epidermis. Notable among these are the stomatal guard cells that control the rate of gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere, glandular and clothing hairs or trichomes, and the root hairs of primary roots. In the shoot epidermis of most plants, only the guard cells have chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis. The epidermal cells of aerial organs arise from the superficial layer of cells known as the \\\"tunica\\\" (L1 and L2 layers)\",\n \"title\": \"Plant cell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4544910\",\n \"text\": \"no specific adaptations to overcome this, and can only respond by closing their stomata to prevent further transpiration. This does actually have some benefits as it reduces the surface area of the leaves exposed to the atmosphere, which reduces transpiration. Prolonged periods of dehydration, however, can lead to permanent wilting, cell plasmolysis, and subsequent death. Since mesophytes prefer moist, well drained soils, most crops are mesophytes. Some examples are: corn (maize), privet, lilac, goldenrod, clover, and oxeye daisy. Mesophyte Mesophytes are terrestrial plants which are neither adapted to particularly dry nor particularly wet environments. An example of a mesophytic habitat\",\n \"title\": \"Mesophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"251197\",\n \"text\": \"serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as sepals and petals (or tepals in flowers such as \\\"Magnolia\\\" where sepals and petals are not distinguishable from each other). The outer series (calyx of sepals) is usually green and leaf-like, and functions to protect the rest of the flower, especially the bud. The inner series (corolla of petals) is, in general, white or brightly colored, and is more delicate in structure. It functions to attract insect or bird pollinators. Attraction is effected by color, scent, and\",\n \"title\": \"Flowering plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"99294\",\n \"text\": \"below ground. Mescaline is concentrated in the photosynthetic portion of the stem above ground. The center of the stem, which contains the growing point (the apical meristem), is sunken. Experienced collectors of peyote remove a thin slice from the top of the plant, leaving the growing point intact, thus allowing the plant to regenerate. Evidence indicates peyote was in use more than 5,500 years ago; dried peyote buttons presumed to be from a site on the Rio Grande, Texas, were radiocarbon dated to around 3780–3660 BC. Peyote is perceived as a means of accessing the spirit world. Attempts by the\",\n \"title\": \"Cactus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12782721\",\n \"text\": \"on earth, including Bristlecone Pines in California, U.S. (4,842 years old), and the Giant Sequoia in mountainous regions of California, U.S. (87 meters in height and 2,000 tons in weight). This is possible because they have a modular body plan that enables them to survive substantial damage by initiating continuous and repetitive formation of new structures and organs such as leaves and flowers. Plant stem cells are also characterized by their location in specialized structures called meristematic tissues, which are located in root apical meristem (RAM), shoot apical meristem (SAM), and vascular system ((pro)cambium or vascular meristem.) Traditionally, plant stem\",\n \"title\": \"Plant stem cell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1754053\",\n \"text\": \"the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function. The number of layers varies according to plant type. In general the outermost layer is called the tunica while the innermost layers are the corpus. In monocots, the tunica determine the physical characteristics of the leaf edge and margin. In dicots, layer two of the corpus determine the characteristics of the edge of the leaf. The corpus and tunica play a critical part of the plant physical appearance as all plant cells are formed from the meristems. Apical meristems are found\",\n \"title\": \"Meristem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11602155\",\n \"text\": \"shapes, which are full of essential oils. The mesocarp (from Greek: \\\"meso-\\\", \\\"middle\\\" + \\\"-carp\\\", \\\"fruit\\\") is the fleshy middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit; it is found between the epicarp and the endocarp. It is usually the part of the fruit that is eaten. For example, the mesocarp makes up most of the edible part of a peach, and a considerable part of a tomato. \\\"Mesocarp\\\" may also refer to any fruit that is fleshy throughout. In a hesperidium, as is found in citrus fruit, the mesocarp is also referred to as \\\"albedo\\\" or pith. It is\",\n \"title\": \"Fruit anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5567770\",\n \"text\": \"and fruits. Stems are also a vital connection between leaves and roots. They conduct water and mineral nutrients through xylem tissue from roots upward, and organic compounds and some mineral nutrients through phloem tissue in any direction within the plant. Apical meristems, located at the shoot tip and axillary buds on the stem, allow plants to increase in length, surface, and mass. In some plants, such as cactus, stems are specialized for photosynthesis and water storage. Typical stems are located above ground, but there are modified stems that can be found either above or below ground. Modified stems located above\",\n \"title\": \"Edible plant stem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2471041\",\n \"text\": \"Pith Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant. In eudicotyledons, pith is located in the center of the stem. In monocotyledons, it extends also into flowering stems and roots. The pith is encircled by a ring of xylem; the xylem, in turn, is encircled by a ring of phloem. While new pith growth is usually white or pale in colour, as the tissue ages it commonly darkens to a deeper brown color. In trees pith is generally present in\",\n \"title\": \"Pith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"79124\",\n \"text\": \"stuff in and out of them. Mesophyll chloroplasts have a little more peripheral reticulum than bundle sheath chloroplasts. Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts—the chloroplasts, or more specifically, the chlorophyll in them are what make the photosynthetic parts of a plant green. The plant cells which contain chloroplasts are usually parenchyma cells, though chloroplasts can also be found in collenchyma tissue. A plant cell which contains chloroplasts is known as a chlorenchyma cell. A typical chlorenchyma cell of a land plant contains about 10 to 100 chloroplasts. In some\",\n \"title\": \"Chloroplast\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6280301\",\n \"text\": \"Epidermis (botany) The epidermis (from the Greek \\\"ἐπιδερμίς\\\", meaning \\\"over-skin\\\") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions: it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds, and (especially in roots) absorbs water and mineral nutrients. The epidermis of most leaves shows dorsoventral anatomy: the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces have somewhat different construction and may serve different functions. Woody stems and some other stem structures produce a secondary covering called the periderm\",\n \"title\": \"Epidermis (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4544907\",\n \"text\": \"system to absorb water; and the ability to develop perennating organs such as corms, rhizomes and bulbs to store food and water for use during drought. Mesophytes do not have any special internal structure. Epidermis is single layered usually with obvious stomata. Opening or closing of stomata is related to water availability. In sufficient supply of water stomata remain open while in limited supply of water stomata are closed to prevent excessive transpiration leading to wilting. Mesophytes generally require a more or less continuous water supply. They usually have larger, thinner leaves compared to xerophytes, sometimes with a greater number\",\n \"title\": \"Mesophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10919721\",\n \"text\": \"Receptacle (botany) In botany, the receptacle refers to vegetative tissues near the end of reproductive stems that are situated below or encase the reproductive organs. In angiosperms, the receptacle or torus (an older term is thalamus, as in Thalamiflorae) is the thickened part of a stem (pedicel) from which the flower organs grow. In some accessory fruits, for example the pome and strawberry, the receptacle gives rise to the edible part of the fruit. The fruit of \\\"Rubus\\\" species is a cluster of drupelets on top of a conical receptacle. When a raspberry is picked, the receptacle separates from the\",\n \"title\": \"Receptacle (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12366341\",\n \"text\": \"the center, with vascular bundles forming a distinct ring visible when the stem is viewed in cross section. The outside of the stem is covered with an epidermis, which is covered by a waterproof cuticle. The epidermis also may contain stomata for gas exchange and multicellular stem hairs called trichomes. A cortex consisting of hypodermis (collenchyma cells) and endodermis (starch containing cells) is present above the pericycle and vascular bundles. Woody dicots and many nonwoody dicots have secondary growth originating from their lateral or secondary meristems: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium or phellogen. The vascular cambium forms between\",\n \"title\": \"Plant stem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10738272\",\n \"text\": \"known as stomata, which regulate gas and water exchange. The leaves also possess vascular bundles, which are generally visible as veins, whose patterns are called venation. Leaves tend to have a shorter life span than the stems or branches that bear them, and when they fall, an area at the attachment zone, called the abscission zone leaves a scar on the stem. In the angle (adaxial) between the leaf and the stem, is the axil. Here can be found buds (axillary buds), which are miniature and often dormant branches with their own apical meristem. They are often covered by leaves.\",\n \"title\": \"Glossary of plant morphology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3684063\",\n \"text\": \"Stele (biology) In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem containing the tissues derived from the procambium. These include vascular tissue, in some cases ground tissue (pith) and a pericycle, which, if present, defines the outermost boundary of the stele. Outside the stele lies the endodermis, which is the innermost cell layer of the cortex. The concept of the stele was developed in the late 19th century by French botanists P. E. L. van Tieghem and H. Doultion as a model for understanding the relationship between the shoot and root, and for discussing\",\n \"title\": \"Stele (biology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2108461\",\n \"text\": \"into three regions. The parts of a kelp thallus include the holdfast (anchor), stipe (supports the blades) and the blades (for photosynthesis). The thallus of a fungus is usually called a mycelium. The term thallus is also commonly used to refer to the vegetative body of a lichen. In seaweed, thallus is sometimes also called 'frond'. The gametophyte of some non-thallophyte plants – clubmosses, horsetails, and ferns is termed \\\"prothallus\\\". Thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek θαλλός (\\\"thallos\\\"), meaning \\\"a green shoot\\\" or \\\"twig\\\", is the undifferentiated vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi,\",\n \"title\": \"Thallus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"331486\",\n \"text\": \"algae, photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts. A typical plant cell contains about 10 to 100 chloroplasts. The chloroplast is enclosed by a membrane. This membrane is composed of a phospholipid inner membrane, a phospholipid outer membrane, and an intermembrane space. Enclosed by the membrane is an aqueous fluid called the stroma. Embedded within the stroma are stacks of thylakoids (grana), which are the site of photosynthesis. The thylakoids appear as flattened disks. The thylakoid itself is enclosed by the thylakoid membrane, and within the enclosed volume is a lumen or thylakoid space. Embedded in the thylakoid membrane are\",\n \"title\": \"Photosynthesis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1993435\",\n \"text\": \"Mesquite Mesquite is a common name for several plants in the genus \\\"Prosopis\\\", which contains over 40 species of small leguminous trees. They are native to the southwestern United States and Mexico (except the creeping mesquite, which is native to Argentina, but invasive in southern California). The mesquite originates in the Tamaulipan mezquital ecoregion, in the deserts and xeric shrublands biome, located in the southern United States and northeastern Mexico. The region covers an area of 141,500 km (54,600 sq mi), encompassing a portion of the Gulf Coastal Plain in southern Texas, northern Tamaulipas, northeastern Coahuila, and part of Nuevo\",\n \"title\": \"Mesquite\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"87958\",\n \"text\": \"Chlorophyll Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words , (\\\"green\\\") and , (\\\"leaf\\\"). Chlorophyll is essential in photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb energy from light. Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum, which it reflects, producing the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants:\",\n \"title\": \"Chlorophyll\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12380946\",\n \"text\": \"Phytomer Phytomers are functional units of a plant, continually produced by root and shoot meristems throughout a plant's vegetative life-cycle. The phytomer unit originates at the shoot (or root) apex, and a typical phytomer consists of a node to which a leaf is attached, a subtending internode, and an axillary bud at the base of the leaf. Each component of a phytomer can continue to differentiate and grow. Increases in a phytomer can be measured using the rate of phyllochron (rate of appearance of leaves on a shoot). Related to the phyllochron is the plastochron, which is the rate of\",\n \"title\": \"Phytomer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12782719\",\n \"text\": \"Plant stem cell Plant stem cells are innately undifferentiated cells located in the meristems of plants. Plant stem cells serve as the origin of plant vitality, as they maintain themselves while providing a steady supply of precursor cells to form differentiated tissues and organs in plants. Two distinct areas of stem cells are recognised: the apical meristem and the lateral meristem. Plant stem cells are characterized by two distinctive properties, which are: the ability to create all differentiated cell types and the ability to self-renew such that the number of stem cells is maintained. Plant stem cells never undergo aging\",\n \"title\": \"Plant stem cell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"325260\",\n \"text\": \"the major classes of cells and tissues of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and reproductive structures, each of which may be composed of several cell types. Parenchyma cells are living cells that have functions ranging from storage and support to photosynthesis (mesophyll cells) and phloem loading (transfer cells). Apart from the xylem and phloem in their vascular bundles, leaves are composed mainly of parenchyma cells. Some parenchyma cells, as in the epidermis, are specialized for light penetration and focusing or regulation of gas exchange, but others are among the least specialized cells in plant tissue, and may remain totipotent, capable of\",\n \"title\": \"Plant cell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6280312\",\n \"text\": \"It is thought that plant hormones, such as ethylene and cytokines, control the stomatal developmental response to the environmental conditions. Accumulation of these hormones appears to cause increased stomatal density such as when the plants are kept in closed environments. Epidermis (botany) The epidermis (from the Greek \\\"ἐπιδερμίς\\\", meaning \\\"over-skin\\\") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions: it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds, and (especially in roots) absorbs water and\",\n \"title\": \"Epidermis (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2537995\",\n \"text\": \"charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root. In the leaves, stomata open to take in carbon dioxide and expel oxygen. The carbon dioxide molecules are used as the carbon source in photosynthesis. The root, especially the root hair, is the essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele, in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside\",\n \"title\": \"Plant nutrition\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12590364\",\n \"text\": \"structural component of the plant. Chlorophyll, a green-colored, magnesium-containing pigment is essential to this process; it is generally present in plant leaves, and often in other plant parts as well. Parasitic plants, on the other hand, use the resources of their host to provide the materials needed for metabolism and growth. Plants usually rely on soil primarily for support and water (in quantitative terms), but they also obtain compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and other elemental nutrients from the soil. Epiphytic and lithophytic plants depend on air and nearby debris for nutrients, and carnivorous plants supplement their nutrient requirements,\",\n \"title\": \"Plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5682389\",\n \"text\": \"as their primary food source. Remarkably these Müllerian bodies, found on the stalk of the leaf, are primarily glycogen. Glycogen is the principal storage carbohydrate found in animals and is extremely rare in plants. Extrafloral nectaries are sugar-producing glands found outside the flower structures of plants. They occur in many different plant species around the world and are most commonly associated with vegetative structures that normally do not have nectaries, such as leaves, stems, and twigs. These secreting structures are often non-exclusive in that nectar can be taken by a variety of animals; however, in some obligate myrmecophyte plants such\",\n \"title\": \"Myrmecophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12590335\",\n \"text\": \"algae. Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green color. Some plants are parasitic or mycotrophic and may lose the ability to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or to photosynthesize. Plants are characterized by sexual reproduction and alternation of generations, although asexual reproduction is also common. There are about 320 thousand species of plants, of which the great majority, some 260–290 thousand, are seed plants (see the table below). Green plants provide a substantial proportion\",\n \"title\": \"Plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12366838\",\n \"text\": \"Peyote Lophophora williamsii () or peyote () is a small, spineless cactus with psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline. \\\"Peyote\\\" is a Spanish word derived from the Nahuatl, or Aztec, peyōtl , meaning \\\"glisten\\\" or \\\"glistening\\\". Other sources translate the Nahuatl word as \\\"Divine Messenger\\\". Peyote is native to Mexico and southwestern Texas. It is found primarily in the Chihuahuan Desert and in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí among scrub. It flowers from March through May, and sometimes as late as September. The flowers are pink, with thigmotactic anthers (like \\\"Opuntia\\\"). Known for its psychoactive properties\",\n \"title\": \"Peyote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5115304\",\n \"text\": \"Cortex (botany) A cortex is the outermost layer of a stem or root in a plant. In botany, the cortex is the outermost layer of the stem or root of a plant, bounded on the outside by the epidermis and on the inside by the endodermis. In plants, it is composed mostly of differentiated cells, usually large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system. The outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly thickened cell walls, and are called collenchyma cells. Some of the outer cortical cells may contain chloroplasts. It is responsible for the transportation of materials into the central\",\n \"title\": \"Cortex (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8310057\",\n \"text\": \"mechanism, the stomatal guard cells, which regulate the rates of transpiration and CO exchange. Plant cuticle A plant cuticle is a protecting film covering the epidermis of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs without periderm. It consists of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers impregnated with wax, and is synthesized exclusively by the epidermal cells. The plant cuticle is a layer of lipid polymers impregnated with waxes that is present on the outer surfaces of the primary organs of all vascular land plants. It is also present in the sporophyte generation of hornworts, and in both sporophyte and gametophyte generations\",\n \"title\": \"Plant cuticle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10827637\",\n \"text\": \"Laimosphere The laimosphere is the microbiologically enriched zone of soil that surrounds below-ground portions of plant stems; the laimosphere is analogous to the rhizosphere and spermosphere. The combining form laim- from laimos (Greek: λαιμός) denotes a connecting organ (neck) while -sphere indicates a zone of influence. Topographically, the \\\"laimosphere\\\" includes the soil around any portion of subterranean plant organs other than roots where exuded nutrients (especially sugars and amino acids) stimulate microbial activities. Subterranean plant organs with a laimosphere include hypocotyls, epicotyls, stems, stolons, corms, bulbs, and leaves. Propagules of soil-borne plant pathogens, whose germination is stimulated by a plant\",\n \"title\": \"Laimosphere\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"685319\",\n \"text\": \"Epiphyte An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. Epiphytes take part in nutrient cycles and add to both the diversity and biomass of the ecosystem in which they occur like any other organism. They are an important source of food for many species. Typically, the older parts of a plant will have more epiphytes growing on them. Epiphytes differ from parasites in that epiphytes grow on other plants for physical support and do not\",\n \"title\": \"Epiphyte\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12590372\",\n \"text\": \"has a key role in integrating progression through germination with repair responses to the DNA damages accumulated by the aged seed. Plant cells are typically distinguished by their large water-filled central vacuole, chloroplasts, and rigid cell walls that are made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Cell division is also characterized by the development of a phragmoplast for the construction of a cell plate in the late stages of cytokinesis. Just as in animals, plant cells differentiate and develop into multiple cell types. Totipotent meristematic cells can differentiate into vascular, storage, protective (e.g. epidermal layer), or reproductive tissues, with more\",\n \"title\": \"Plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1754054\",\n \"text\": \"in two locations: the root and the stem. Some Arctic plants have an apical meristem in the lower/middle parts of the plant. It is thought that this kind of meristem evolved because it is advantageous in Arctic conditions. Shoot apical meristems are the source of all above-ground organs, such as leaves and flowers. Cells at the shoot apical meristem summit serve as stem cells to the surrounding peripheral region, where they proliferate rapidly and are incorporated into differentiating leaf or flower primordia. The shoot apical meristem is the site of most of the embryogenesis in flowering plants. Primordia of leaves,\",\n \"title\": \"Meristem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2986376\",\n \"text\": \"Stipe (botany) In botany, a stipe is a stalk that supports some other structure. The precise meaning is different depending on which taxonomic group is being described. In the case of ferns, the stipe is only the petiole from the rootstock to the beginning of the leaf tissue, or lamina. The continuation of the structure within the lamina is then termed a rachis. In flowering plants, the term is often used in reference to a stalk that sometimes supports a flower's ovary. In orchids, the stipe or caudicle is the stalk-like support of the pollinia. It is a non-viscid band\",\n \"title\": \"Stipe (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"79125\",\n \"text\": \"plants such as cacti, chloroplasts are found in the stems, though in most plants, chloroplasts are concentrated in the leaves. One square millimeter of leaf tissue can contain half a million chloroplasts. Within a leaf, chloroplasts are mainly found in the mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade mesophyll cells can contain 30–70 chloroplasts per cell, while stomatal guard cells contain only around 8–15 per cell, as well as much less chlorophyll. Chloroplasts can also be found in the bundle sheath cells of a leaf, especially in C plants, which carry out the Calvin cycle\",\n \"title\": \"Chloroplast\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"251196\",\n \"text\": \"the foliage-bearing or vegetative portion, and forms a more or less elaborate branch-system called an inflorescence. There are two kinds of reproductive cells produced by flowers. Microspores, which will divide to become pollen grains, are the \\\"male\\\" cells and are borne in the stamens (or microsporophylls). The \\\"female\\\" cells called megaspores, which will divide to become the egg cell (megagametogenesis), are contained in the ovule and enclosed in the carpel (or megasporophyll). The flower may consist only of these parts, as in willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and\",\n \"title\": \"Flowering plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5179007\",\n \"text\": \"Velamen Velamen is a spongy, multiple epidermis that covers the roots of some epiphytic or semi-epiphytic plants, such as orchid and \\\"Clivia\\\" species. The velamen of an orchid is the white or gray covering of aerial roots (when dry, and usually more green when wet as a result of the appearance of underlying photosynthetic structures). It is many cell layers thick and capable of absorbing atmospheric moisture and nutrients, but its main function may lie in protecting the underlying cells against damaging UV rays (Chomicki et al., 2015). Often, the roots of orchids are associated with symbiotic fungi or bacteria;\",\n \"title\": \"Velamen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8546608\",\n \"text\": \"Mesic habitat In ecology, a mesic habitat is a type of habitat with a moderate or well-balanced supply of moisture, e.g., a mesic forest, a temperate hardwood forest, or dry-mesic prairie. Mesic habitats transition to xeric shrublands in a non-linear fashion, which is evidence of a threshold. Mesic is one of a triad of terms used to describe the amount of water in a habitat. The others are xeric and hydric. Further examples of mesic habitats include all of the earth. These habitats effectively provide drought insurance as land at higher elevations warms due to seasonal or other change. Healthy\",\n \"title\": \"Mesic habitat\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12590381\",\n \"text\": \"leaves, to the fully parasitic broomrape and toothwort that acquire all their nutrients through connections to the roots of other plants, and so have no chlorophyll. Some plants, known as myco-heterotrophs, parasitize mycorrhizal fungi, and hence act as epiparasites on other plants. Many plants are epiphytes, meaning they grow on other plants, usually trees, without parasitizing them. Epiphytes may indirectly harm their host plant by intercepting mineral nutrients and light that the host would otherwise receive. The weight of large numbers of epiphytes may break tree limbs. Hemiepiphytes like the strangler fig begin as epiphytes but eventually set their own\",\n \"title\": \"Plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12590373\",\n \"text\": \"primitive plants lacking some tissue types. Plants are photosynthetic, which means that they manufacture their own food molecules using energy obtained from light. The primary mechanism plants have for capturing light energy is the pigment chlorophyll. All green plants contain two forms of chlorophyll, chlorophyll \\\"a\\\" and chlorophyll \\\"b\\\". The latter of these pigments is not found in red or brown algae. The simple equation of photosynthesis is as follows:- 6CO + 6HO → (in the presence of light and chlorophyll) CHO + 6O By means of cells that behave like nerves, plants receive and distribute within their systems information\",\n \"title\": \"Plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3051732\",\n \"text\": \"Endodermis The endodermis is the central, innermost layer of cortex in some land plants. It is made of compact living cells surrounded by an outer ring of endodermal cells that are impregnated with hydrophobic substances (Casparian Strip) to restrict apoplastic flow of water to the inside. The endodermis is the boundary between the cortex and the stele. In many seedless vascular plants, the endodermis is a distinctly visible layer of cells immediately outside the vascular cylinder (stele) in roots and shoots. In most seed plants, especially woody types, an endodermis is absent from the stems but is present in roots.\",\n \"title\": \"Endodermis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"989501\",\n \"text\": \"layer of cells) or stratified (multiple layers of cells). However, other cellular features, such as cilia may also be described in the classification system. Some common kinds of epithelium are listed below: In plant anatomy, tissues are categorized broadly into three tissue systems: the epidermis, the ground tissue, and the vascular tissue. Plant tissues can also be divided differently into two types: Meristematic tissue consists of actively dividing cells, and leads to increase in length and thickness of the plant. The primary growth of a plant occurs only in certain, specific regions, such as in the tips of stems or\",\n \"title\": \"Tissue (biology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12366655\",\n \"text\": \"Transpiration Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. The remaining 97–99.5% is lost by transpiration and guttation. Leaf surfaces are dotted with pores called stomata, and in most plants they are more numerous on the undersides of the foliage. The stomata are bordered by guard cells and their stomatal accessory cells (together known as stomatal complex) that open and close the pore.\",\n \"title\": \"Transpiration\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12375500\",\n \"text\": \"extensively vascularised and typically have networks of vascular bundles containing xylem, which supplies water for photosynthesis, and phloem, which transports the sugars produced by photosynthesis. Many leaves are covered in trichomes (small hairs) which have diverse structures and functions. The major tissue systems present are These three tissue systems typically form a regular organisation at the cellular scale. Specialised cells that differ markedly from surrounding cells, and which often synthesise specialised products such as crystals, are termed idioblasts. The epidermis is the outer layer of cells covering the leaf. It is covered with a waxy cuticle which is impermeable to\",\n \"title\": \"Leaf\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"523424\",\n \"text\": \"Mescaline Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin. It occurs naturally in the peyote cactus (\\\"Lophophora williamsii\\\"), the San Pedro cactus (\\\"Echinopsis pachanoi\\\"), the Peruvian torch (\\\"Echinopsis peruviana\\\"), and other members of the Cactaceae plant family. It is also found in small amounts in certain members of the Fabaceae (bean) family, including \\\"Acacia berlandieri\\\". However those claims concerning Acacia species have been challenged and have been unsupported in additional analysis. Peyote has been used for at least 5,700 years by Native Americans in\",\n \"title\": \"Mescaline\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"325259\",\n \"text\": \"Plant cell Plant cells are eukaryotic cells of the types present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the absence of flagellae or centrioles, except in the gametes, and a unique method of cell division involving the formation of a cell plate or phragmoplast that separates the new daughter cells. Plant cells differentiate from undifferentiated meristematic cells (analogous to the stem cells of animals) to form\",\n \"title\": \"Plant cell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11286101\",\n \"text\": \"problem is particularly common, giving soft, white, 'corky' tissue. Spongy tissue is also a type of animal tissue which contains smooth muscles, fibrous tissues, spaces, veins, and arteries. An example is the corpus spongiosum penis. In bone, the spongy tissue is called cancellous tissue. Spongy tissue Spongy tissue is a type of tissue found both in plants and animals. In plants, it is part of the mesophyll, where it forms a layer next to the palisade cells in the leaf. The spongy mesophyll's function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO2) that are needed for photosynthesis. The spongy\",\n \"title\": \"Spongy tissue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2986377\",\n \"text\": \"or strap connecting the pollinia with the viscidium (the viscid part of the rostellum or beak). A stipe is also a structure found in organisms that are studied by botanists but that are no longer classified as plants. It may be the stem-like part of the thallus of a mushroom or a seaweed, and is particularly common among brown algae such as kelp. The stipe of a kelp often contains a central region of cells that, like the phloem of vascular plants, serves to transport nutrients within the alga. Stipe (botany) In botany, a stipe is a stalk that supports\",\n \"title\": \"Stipe (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10985371\",\n \"text\": \"pteridophytes to angiosperms: Pteridophytes, with a single meristematic cell; gymnosperms with a multicellular, but less defined organization; and finally, angiosperms, with the highest degree of organization. Transcription factors and transcriptional regulatory networks play key roles in plant development and stress responses, as well as their evolution. During plant landing, many novel transcription factor families emerged and are preferentially wired into the networks of multicellular development, reproduction, and organ development, contributing to more complex morphogenesis of land plants. Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs of a plant. Based on their structure, they are classified into two types - microphylls, that lack\",\n \"title\": \"Plant evolutionary developmental biology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8310052\",\n \"text\": \"Plant cuticle A plant cuticle is a protecting film covering the epidermis of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs without periderm. It consists of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers impregnated with wax, and is synthesized exclusively by the epidermal cells. The plant cuticle is a layer of lipid polymers impregnated with waxes that is present on the outer surfaces of the primary organs of all vascular land plants. It is also present in the sporophyte generation of hornworts, and in both sporophyte and gametophyte generations of mosses The plant cuticle forms a coherent outer covering of the plant that\",\n \"title\": \"Plant cuticle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11286100\",\n \"text\": \"Spongy tissue Spongy tissue is a type of tissue found both in plants and animals. In plants, it is part of the mesophyll, where it forms a layer next to the palisade cells in the leaf. The spongy mesophyll's function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO2) that are needed for photosynthesis. The spongy mesophyll cells are less likely to go through photosynthesis than those in the palisade mesophyll. It is also the name of a disorder of fruit ripening which can reduce the value of a fruit yield, especially in mango. In the alphonso mango variety, this\",\n \"title\": \"Spongy tissue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"509159\",\n \"text\": \"live on their own. The algal or cyanobacterial symbionts in lichens, such as \\\"Trentepohlia\\\", can generally live independently, and their symbiosis is, therefore, facultative (optional). Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete, nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as \\\"Frankia\\\", which live in alder root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects. Ectosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont\",\n \"title\": \"Symbiosis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18052699\",\n \"text\": \"the poisonous secretion is released. Glands secreting a sugary liquid—the nectar—in flowers pollinated by insects are called nectaries. Nectaries may occur on the floral stalk or on any floral organ: sepal, petal, stamen, or ovary. The hydathode structures discharge water—a phenomenon called guttation through openings in margins or tips of leaves. The water flows through the xylem to its endings in the leaf and then through the intercellular spaces of the hydathode tissue toward the openings in the epidermis. Strictly speaking, such hydathodes are not glands because they are passive with regard to the flow of water. Some carnivorous plants\",\n \"title\": \"Plant secretory tissue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6280305\",\n \"text\": \"the leaves of monocots than in those of dicots. Trichomes or hairs grow out from the epidermis in many species. In root epidermis, epidermal hairs, termed root hairs are common and are specialized for absorption of water and mineral nutrients. In plants with secondary growth, the epidermis of roots and stems is usually replaced by a periderm through the action of a cork cambium. The leaf and stem epidermis is covered with pores called stomata (sing., stoma), part of a stoma complex consisting of a pore surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells, and two to four subsidiary cells\",\n \"title\": \"Epidermis (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"331531\",\n \"text\": \"on more than 15 species of monocot and dicot uncovered for the first time that differences in leaf anatomy are crucial factors in differentiating photosynthetic capacities among species. In tropical grasses, including maize, sorghum, sugarcane, Bermuda grass and in the dicot amaranthus, leaf photosynthetic rates were around 38−40 μmol CO·m·s, and the leaves have two types of green cells, i. e. outer layer of mesophyll cells surrounding a tightly packed cholorophyllous vascular bundle sheath cells. This type of anatomy was termed Kranz anatomy in the 19th century by the botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt while studying leaf anatomy of sugarcane. Plant species\",\n \"title\": \"Photosynthesis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3684066\",\n \"text\": \"Most seed plant stems possess a vascular arrangement which has been interpreted as a derived siphonostele, and is called a There is also a variant of the eustele found in monocots like maize and rye. The variation has numerous scattered bundles in the stem and is called an atactostele (characterestic of monocot stem). However, it is really just a variant of the eustele. Stele (biology) In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem containing the tissues derived from the procambium. These include vascular tissue, in some cases ground tissue (pith) and a pericycle,\",\n \"title\": \"Stele (biology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"877547\",\n \"text\": \"Stoma In botany, a stoma (plural \\\"stomata\\\"), also called a stomata (plural \\\"stomates\\\") (from Greek στόμα, \\\"mouth\\\"), is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the stomatal opening. The term is usually used collectively to refer to the entire stomatal complex, consisting of the paired guard cells and the pore itself, which is referred to as the stomatal aperture. Air enters the plant through these openings by gaseous\",\n \"title\": \"Stoma\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6208192\",\n \"text\": \"Epicotyl An epicotyl is important for the beginning stages of a plant's life. It is the region of a seedling stem above the stalks of the seed leaves of an embryo plant. It grows rapidly, showing hypogeal germination, and extends the stem above the soil surface. Epicotyls also form a hook during hypogeal germination. The epicotyl will expand and form the shoot apex and leaf primordia or \\\"first true leaves\\\", but the cotyledon will stay below the ground. In plant physiology, the epicotyl is the embryonic shoot above the cotyledons. In most plants the epicotyl will eventually develop into the\",\n \"title\": \"Epicotyl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19942087\",\n \"text\": \"Heliophyte Sunstroke plants or heliophytes are adapted to a habitat with a very intensive insolation, because of the construction of its own structure and maintenance (metabolism). Solar plants, for example, are mullein, ling, thyme and soft velcro, white clover, and most roses. They are common in open terrain, rocks, meadows, as well as at the mountain pastures and grasslands and other long sunny exposures. Special features of the plant include coarse tiny leaves with hairy and waxy protection against excessive light radiation and water loss. In structure, the leaves vary in frequent double palisade layers. Chloroplasts have a protective element\",\n \"title\": \"Heliophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12590355\",\n \"text\": \"Stomata are absent from liverworts, but occur on the sporangia of mosses and hornworts, allowing gas exchange. Vascular plants first appeared during the Silurian period, and by the Devonian had diversified and spread into many different terrestrial environments. They developed a number of adaptations that allowed them to spread into increasingly more arid places, notably the vascular tissues xylem and phloem, that transport water and food throughout the organism. Root systems capable of obtaining soil water and nutrients also evolved during the Devonian. In modern vascular plants, the sporophyte is typically large, branched, nutritionally independent and long-lived, but there is\",\n \"title\": \"Plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"125111\",\n \"text\": \"central vacuole encompassed by a membrane called the tonoplast. Vacuoles of plant cells act as storage compartments for the nutrients and waste of a cell. The solution that these molecules are stored in is called the cell sap. Pigments that color the cell are sometime located in the cell sap. Vacuoles can also increase the size of the cell, which elongates as water is added, and they control the turgor pressure (the osmotic pressure that keeps the cell wall from caving in). Like lysosomes of animal cells, vacuoles have an acidic pH and contain hydrolytic enzymes. The pH of vacuoles\",\n \"title\": \"Endomembrane system\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2769558\",\n \"text\": \"Microbody A microbodies (or cytosomes) is a type of organelle that is found in the cells of plants, protozoa, and animals. Organelles in the microbody family include peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes and hydrogenosomes. In vertebrates, microbodies are especially prevalent in the liver and kidney organs. A microbody is usually a vesicle with a spherical shape, ranging from 0.2-1.5 micrometers in diameter. Microbodies are found in the cytoplasm of a cell, but they are only visible with the use of an electron microscope. They are surrounded by a single phospholipid bilayer membrane and they contain a matrix of intracellular material including enzymes\",\n \"title\": \"Microbody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12590375\",\n \"text\": \"2000). Plants also carry immune receptors that recognize highly variable pathogen effectors. These include the NBS-LRR class of proteins. Vascular plants differ from other plants in that nutrients are transported between their different parts through specialized structures, called xylem and phloem. They also have roots for taking up water and minerals. The xylem moves water and minerals from the root to the rest of the plant, and the phloem provides the roots with sugars and other nutrient produced by the leaves. Plants have some of the largest genomes among all organisms. The largest plant genome (in terms of gene number)\",\n \"title\": \"Plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"678300\",\n \"text\": \"Drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pit, stone, or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. These fruits usually develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovaries (polypyrenous drupes are exceptions). The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard, \\\"lignified\\\" stone (or pit) is derived from the ovary wall of the flower—in an aggregate fruit composed of small, individual drupes (such as a raspberry), each individual is termed\",\n \"title\": \"Drupe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4232271\",\n \"text\": \"Plant embryogenesis Plant embryogenesis is a process that occurs after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo. This is a pertinent stage in the plant life cycle that is followed by dormancy and germination. The zygote produced after fertilization, must undergo various cellular divisions and differentiations to become a mature embryo. An end stage embryo has five major components including the shoot apical meristem, hypocotyl, root meristem, root cap, and cotyledons. Unlike animal embryogenesis, plant embryogenesis results in an immature form of the plant, lacking most structures like leaves, stems, and reproductive structures. Embryogenesis occurs\",\n \"title\": \"Plant embryogenesis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2065764\",\n \"text\": \"Hypocotyl The hypocotyl (short for \\\"hypocotyledonous stem\\\", meaning \\\"below seed leaf\\\") is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root). As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root, and then penetrates down into the soil. After emergence of the radicle, the hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called cotyledons), and the plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves. The hypocotyl is the primary organ\",\n \"title\": \"Hypocotyl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10919722\",\n \"text\": \"fruit, but in blackberries, it remains attached to the fruit. In the Daisy family (Compositae or Asteraceae), small individual flowers are arranged on a round or dome-like structure that is also called receptacle. In phycology, receptacles occur at the ends of branches of algae mainly in the brown algae or Heterokontophyta in the Order Fucales. They are specialised structures which contain the reproductive organs called conceptacles. Receptacles also function as a structure that captures food. Receptacle (botany) In botany, the receptacle refers to vegetative tissues near the end of reproductive stems that are situated below or encase the reproductive organs.\",\n \"title\": \"Receptacle (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5985190\",\n \"text\": \"Stigma (botany) The stigma (plural: stigmata) is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower. The stigma, together with the style and ovary comprises the pistil, which in turn is part of the gynoecium or female reproductive organ of a plant. The stigma forms the distal portion of the style or stylodia. The stigma is composed of , the cells which are receptive to pollen. These may be restricted to the apex of the style or, especially in wind pollinated species, cover a wide surface. The stigma receives pollen and it\",\n \"title\": \"Stigma (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8310056\",\n \"text\": \"also functions in defense, forming a physical barrier that resists penetration by virus particles, bacterial cells, and the spores and growing filaments of fungi\\\". The plant cuticle is one of a series of innovations, together with stomata, xylem and phloem and intercellular spaces in stem and later leaf mesophyll tissue, that plants evolved more than 450 million years ago during the transition between life in water and life on land. Together, these features enabled upright plant shoots exploring aerial environments to conserve water by internalising the gas exchange surfaces, enclosing them in a waterproof membrane and providing a variable-aperture control\",\n \"title\": \"Plant cuticle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3684065\",\n \"text\": \"system. Such an arrangement is termed a protostele. There are usually three basic types of protostele: Siphonosteles have a region of ground tissue called the pith internal to xylem. The vascular strand comprises a cylinder surrounding the pith. Siphonosteles often have interruptions in the vascular strand where leaves (typically megaphylls) originate (called leaf gaps). Siphonosteles can be ectophloic (phloem present only external to the xylem) or they can be amphiphloic (with phloem both external and internal to the xylem). Among living plants, many ferns and some Asterid flowering plants have an amphiphloic stele. An amphiphloic siphonostele can be called a:\",\n \"title\": \"Stele (biology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6280306\",\n \"text\": \"that lack chloroplasts. The stomata complex regulates the exchange of gases and water vapor between the outside air and the interior of the leaf. Typically, the stomata are more numerous over the abaxial (lower) epidermis of the leaf than the (adaxial) upper epidermis. An exception is floating leaves where most or all stomata are on the upper surface. Vertical leaves, such as those of many grasses, often have roughly equal numbers of stomata on both surfaces. The stoma is bounded by two guard cells. The guard cells differ from the epidermal cells in the following aspects: At night, the sugar\",\n \"title\": \"Epidermis (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12367815\",\n \"text\": \"the transport of the sap containing the sugars made by photosynthesis to other parts of the tree. It is a soft spongy layer of living cells, some of which are arranged end to end to form tubes. These are supported by parenchyma cells which provide padding and include fibres for strengthening the tissue. Inside the phloem is a layer of undifferentiated cells one cell thick called the vascular cambium layer. The cells are continually dividing, creating phloem cells on the outside and wood cells known as xylem on the inside. The newly created xylem is the sapwood. It is composed\",\n \"title\": \"Tree\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1993447\",\n \"text\": \"of plants either through herbicide or physical removal. There is also new research being done on using satellite and aerial images to assess canopy cover and determine which ranges should be targeted. Mesquite Mesquite is a common name for several plants in the genus \\\"Prosopis\\\", which contains over 40 species of small leguminous trees. They are native to the southwestern United States and Mexico (except the creeping mesquite, which is native to Argentina, but invasive in southern California). The mesquite originates in the Tamaulipan mezquital ecoregion, in the deserts and xeric shrublands biome, located in the southern United States and\",\n \"title\": \"Mesquite\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"989508\",\n \"text\": \"stone cell or sclereids. These tissues are mainly of two types: sclerenchyma fiber and sclereids. Schlerenchyma cells have a narrow lumen and are long, narrow and unicellular. The entire surface of the plant consists of a single layer of cells called epidermis or surface tissue. The entire surface of the plant has this outer layer of the epidermis. Hence it is also called surface tissue. Most of the epidermal cells are relatively flat. The outer and lateral walls of the cell are often thicker than the inner walls. The cells form a continuous sheet without intercellular spaces. It protects all\",\n \"title\": \"Tissue (biology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4011701\",\n \"text\": \"Photosystem Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis that together carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons. Photosystems are found in the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae and cyanobacteria. They are located in the chloroplasts of plants and algae, and in the cytoplasmic membrane of photosynthetic bacteria. There are two kinds of photosystems: II and I. At the heart of a photosystem lies the reaction center, which is an enzyme that uses light to reduce molecules (provide with electrons). This reaction center is surrounded\",\n \"title\": \"Photosystem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13428624\",\n \"text\": \"Forest floor The forest floor, also called detritus, duff and the O horizon, is one of the most distinctive features of a forest ecosystem. It mainly consists of shed vegetative parts, such as leaves, branches, bark, and stems, existing in various stages of decomposition above the soil surface. Although principally composed of non-living organic material, the forest floor also teems with a wide variety of fauna and flora. It is one of the richest components of the ecosystem from the standpoint of biodiversity because of the large number of decomposers and predators present, mostly belonging to invertebrates, fungi, algae, bacteria,\",\n \"title\": \"Forest floor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6280303\",\n \"text\": \"The cells of the epidermis are structurally and functionally variable. Most plants have an epidermis that is a single cell layer thick. Some plants like \\\"Ficus elastica\\\" and \\\"Peperomia\\\", which have periclinal cellular division within the protoderm of the leaves, have an epidermis with multiple cell layers. Epidermal cells are tightly linked to each other and provide mechanical strength and protection to the plant. The walls of the epidermal cells of the above ground parts of plants contain cutin, and are covered with a cuticle. The cuticle reduces water loss to the atmosphere, it is sometimes covered with wax in\",\n \"title\": \"Epidermis (botany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12590377\",\n \"text\": \"all ecosystems. Photosynthesis, at first by cyanobacteria and later by photosynthetic eukaryotes, radically changed the composition of the early Earth's anoxic atmosphere, which as a result is now 21% oxygen. Animals and most other organisms are aerobic, relying on oxygen; those that do not are confined to relatively rare anaerobic environments. Plants are the primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems and form the basis of the food web in those ecosystems. Many animals rely on plants for shelter as well as oxygen and food. Land plants are key components of the water cycle and several other biogeochemical cycles. Some plants\",\n \"title\": \"Plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1754001\",\n \"text\": \"vascular cambium. In dicot and gymnosperm trees, the vascular cambium is the obvious line separating the bark and wood; they also have a cork cambium. For successful grafting, the vascular cambia of the rootstock and scion must be aligned so they can grow together. The cambium present between primary xylem and primary phloem is called the \\\"intrafascicular\\\" cambium (within vascular bundles). During secondary growth, cells of medullary rays, in a line (as seen in section; in three dimensions, it is a sheet) between neighbouring vascular bundles, become meristematic and form new \\\"interfascicular\\\" cambium (between vascular bundles). The intrafascicular and interfascicular\",\n \"title\": \"Vascular cambium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10964221\",\n \"text\": \"Rhizodermis Rhizodermis is the root epidermis (also referred to as epiblem), the outermost primary cell layer of the root. Specialized rhisodermal cells, trichoblasts, form long tubular structures (from 5 to 17 micrometers in diameter and from 80 micrometers to 1.5 millimeters in length) almost perpendicular to the main cell axis - root hairs that absorb water and nutrients. Root hairs of the rhizodermis are always in close contact with soil particles and because of their high surface to volume ratio form an absorbing surface which is much larger than the transpiring surfaces of the plant. With some species of the\",\n \"title\": \"Rhizodermis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1343606\",\n \"text\": \"Aquatic plant Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). They are also referred to as hydrophytes or macrophytes. A macrophyte is an aquatic plant that grows in or near water and is either emergent, submergent, or floating, and includes helophytes (a plant that grows in marsh, partly submerged in water, so that it regrows from buds below the water surface). In lakes and rivers macrophytes provide cover for fish and substrate for aquatic invertebrates, produce oxygen, and act as food for some fish and wildlife. Aquatic plants require special adaptations for living\",\n \"title\": \"Aquatic plant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12365976\",\n \"text\": \"of water shortage. Succulent plants such as the cacti store water in the vacuoles of large parenchyma tissues. Other plants have leaf modifications to reduce water loss, such as needle-shaped leaves, sunken stomata, and thick, waxy cuticles as in the pine. The sand-dune marram grass has rolled leaves with stomata on the inner surface. Hydrophytes are plants in water habitats. They mostly grow in water or in wet or damp places. In these plants the water absorption occur through the whole surface of the plant, e.g., the water lily. Halophytes are plants living in marshy areas (close to sea). They\",\n \"title\": \"Osmoregulation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12375479\",\n \"text\": \"controlling water loss. Their surfaces are waterproofed by the plant cuticle and gas exchange between the mesophyll cells and the atmosphere is controlled by minute (length and width measured in tens of µm) openings called stomata which open or close to regulate the rate exchange of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapour into and out of the internal intercellular space system. Stomatal opening is controlled by the turgor pressure in a pair of guard cells that surround the stomatal aperture. In any square centimeter of a plant leaf there may be from 1,000 to 100,000 stomata. The shape and structure\",\n \"title\": \"Leaf\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8310054\",\n \"text\": \"C36. The primary function of the plant cuticle is as a water permeability barrier that prevents evaporation of water from the epidermal surface, and also prevents external water and solutes from entering the tissues. In addition to its function as a permeability barrier for water and other molecules (prevent water loss), the micro and nano-structure of the cuticle confer specialised surface properties that prevent contamination of plant tissues with external water, dirt and microorganisms. Aerial organs of many plants, such as the leaves of the sacred lotus (\\\"Nelumbo nucifera\\\") have ultra-hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties that have been described by Barthlott\",\n \"title\": \"Plant cuticle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8546610\",\n \"text\": \"Department of Agriculture in order to protect over 5.6 million acres of mesic habitat. Mesic habitat In ecology, a mesic habitat is a type of habitat with a moderate or well-balanced supply of moisture, e.g., a mesic forest, a temperate hardwood forest, or dry-mesic prairie. Mesic habitats transition to xeric shrublands in a non-linear fashion, which is evidence of a threshold. Mesic is one of a triad of terms used to describe the amount of water in a habitat. The others are xeric and hydric. Further examples of mesic habitats include all of the earth. These habitats effectively provide drought\",\n \"title\": \"Mesic habitat\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3179589\",\n \"text\": \"Lithophyte Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks. Those that grow on rocks are also known as epipetric or epilithic plants. Lithophytes that grow on land feed off nutrients from rain water and nearby decaying plants, including their own dead tissue. Chasmophytes grow in fissures in rocks where soil or organic matter has accumulated. Examples of lithophytes include several \\\"Paphiopedilum\\\" orchids, ferns, many algae and liverworts. Species that only grow on rock or gravel are obligate lithophytes. Species that grow on rocky substrate and elsewhere are facultative lithophytes. As nutrients tend to be rarely available to lithophytes or\",\n \"title\": \"Lithophyte\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"581909\",\n \"text\": \"Mesosphere The mesosphere (; from Greek \\\"mesos\\\" \\\"middle\\\" ) is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere. In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as the altitude increases. This characteristic is used to define its limits: it begins at the top of the stratosphere (sometimes called the stratopause), and ends at the mesopause, which is the coldest part of Earth's atmosphere with temperatures below . The exact upper and lower boundaries of the mesosphere vary with latitude and with season (higher in winter and at the tropics, lower in summer and at\",\n \"title\": \"Mesosphere\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18999715\",\n \"text\": \"that form root mucilage. These polysaccharides come from the Golgi apparatus and plant cell wall, which are rich in plant-specific polysaccharides. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a cell wall that acts as a barrier surrounding the cell providing strength, which supports plants just like a skeleton. This cell wall is used to produce everyday products such as timber, paper, and natural fabrics, including cotton. Root mucilage is a part of a wider secrete from plant roots known as root exudate. Plant roots secrete a variety of organic molecules into the surrounding soil, such as proteins, enzymes, DNA, sugars and\",\n \"title\": \"Root mucilage\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5280960\",\n \"text\": \"Sieve tube element Sieve elements are specialized cells that are important for the function of phloem, which is highly organized tissue that transports organic compounds made during photosynthesis. Sieve elements are the major conducting cells in phloem. Conducting cells aid in transport of molecules especially for long-distance signaling. In plant anatomy, there are two main types of sieve elements which are sieve cells and sieve tube members. Sieve cells are specialized cells in the phloem tissue of flowering plants. Companion cells and Sieve cells originate from meristems, which are tissues that actively divide throughout a plant's lifetime. They are similar\",\n \"title\": \"Sieve tube element\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3978035\",\n \"text\": \"Haustorium In botany and mycology, a haustorium (plural haustoria) is a structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. In botany, this may refer to a cotyledon, or to the root of a parasitic plant (such as the broomrape family or mistletoe) that penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. In mycology, it refers to the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip), which performs a similar function. Microscopic haustoria penetrate the host plant's cell wall and siphon nutrients from the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane but\",\n \"title\": \"Haustorium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2537996\",\n \"text\": \"the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and mineral ions within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plant's nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration - in the plant. There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: Nutrients can be\",\n \"title\": \"Plant nutrition\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12366340\",\n \"text\": \"ground tissue and vascular tissue. The dermal tissue covers the outer surface of the stem and usually functions to waterproof, protect and control gas exchange. The ground tissue usually consists mainly of parenchyma cells and fills in around the vascular tissue. It sometimes functions in photosynthesis. Vascular tissue provides long distance transport and structural support. Most or all ground tissue may be lost in woody stems. The dermal tissue of aquatic plants stems may lack the waterproofing found in aerial stems. The arrangement of the vascular tissues varies widely among plant species. Dicot stems with primary growth have pith in\",\n \"title\": \"Plant stem\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is the mesophyll located in a plant"}}},{"rowIdx":81,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Jakob Fugger"],"string":"[\n \"Jakob Fugger\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1563318","text":"private citizen had ever been able to accumulate by his own efforts.\" By the time of his death in 1937, Rockefeller's remaining fortune, largely tied up in permanent family trusts, was estimated at $1.4 billion, while the total national GDP was $92 billion. According to some methods of wealth calculation, Rockefeller's net worth over the last decades of his life would easily place him as the wealthiest known person in recent history. As a percentage of the United States' GDP, no other American fortune — including those of Bill Gates or Sam Walton — would even come close. Rockefeller, aged","title":"John D. Rockefeller"},{"id":"1563245","text":"John D. Rockefeller John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history. Rockefeller was born into a large family in upstate New York and was shaped by his con man father and religious mother. His family moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland, Ohio. Rockefeller became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into a business partnership with Maurice B. Clark and his brothers at 20. After buying them","title":"John D. Rockefeller"},{"id":"1563319","text":"86, penned the following words to sum up his life: John D. Rockefeller John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history. Rockefeller was born into a large family in upstate New York and was shaped by his con man father and religious mother. His family moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland, Ohio. Rockefeller became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into a business partnership with Maurice","title":"John D. Rockefeller"},{"id":"1563317","text":"to the total national GDP of $24 billion then. His wealth continued to grow significantly (in line with U.S. economic growth) after as the demand for gasoline soared, eventually reaching about $900 million on the eve of the First World War, including significant interests in banking, shipping, mining, railroads, and other industries. According to the New York Times obituary, \"it was estimated after Mr. Rockefeller retired from business that he had accumulated close to $1,500,000,000 out of the earnings of the Standard Oil trust and out of his other investments. This was probably the greatest amount of wealth that any","title":"John D. Rockefeller"},{"id":"343716","text":"President to visit Israel. At the time Nixon took office in 1969, inflation was at 4.7 percent—its highest rate since the Korean War. The Great Society had been enacted under Johnson, which, together with the Vietnam War costs, was causing large budget deficits. Unemployment was low, but interest rates were at their highest in a century. Nixon's major economic goal was to reduce inflation; the most obvious means of doing so was to end the war. This could not be accomplished overnight, and the U.S. economy continued to struggle through 1970, contributing to a lackluster Republican performance in the midterm","title":"Richard Nixon"},{"id":"10475567","text":"the American social elite made the trip: real estate builder, businessman, and multimillionaire Colonel John Jacob Astor IV and his 18-year-old pregnant wife Madeleine were returning to the United States for their child's birth. Astor was the wealthiest passenger aboard the ship and one of the richest men in the world; his great-grandfather John Jacob Astor was the first multimillionaire in America. Among others were industrialist magnate and millionaire Benjamin Guggenheim; Macy's department store owner and former member of the United States House of Representatives, Isidor Straus and his wife Ida; George Dennick Wick, founder and president of Youngstown Sheet","title":"Passengers of the RMS Titanic"},{"id":"1563248","text":"1911 that Standard Oil must be dismantled for violation of federal anti-trust laws. It was broken up into 34 separate entities which included companies that became ExxonMobil, Chevron Corporation, and others—some of which still have the highest level of revenue in the world. Individual pieces of the company were worth more than the whole, as shares of these doubled and tripled in value in their early years, and Rockefeller became the country's first billionaire with a fortune worth nearly 2% of the national economy. His peak net worth was estimated at US$ (in dollars; inflation-adjusted) in 1913. Rockefeller spent the","title":"John D. Rockefeller"},{"id":"1437458","text":"death) were taken and applied in that same proportion in 2007. This would make him the second-wealthiest person in United States history, after Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller (1839–1937). Another calculation, from 1998, puts him in third place, after Andrew Carnegie. In 1999, Cornelius Vanderbilt was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame, recognizing his significant contributions to the railroad industry. He was inducted in the \"Railway Workers & Builders: North America\" category. Cornelius Vanderbilt was buried in the family vault in the Moravian Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island. He was later reburied in a","title":"Cornelius Vanderbilt"},{"id":"17164080","text":"the year by \"The New Yorker\", the \"Financial Times\", the \"Christian Science Monitor\", the \"Boston Globe\", and the \"Philadelphia Inquirer\". Additional reviews were offered by \"Foreign Affairs\" magazine, the \"Washington Post\", the \"New York Times Book Review\", the \"New York Times\", and \"Newsweek\". The First Tycoon The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt is a 2009 biography of Cornelius Vanderbilt, a 19th-century American industrialist and philanthropist who built his fortune in the shipping and railroad industries, becoming one of the wealthiest Americans in the history of the U.S. It was written by American biographer T. J. Stiles. The","title":"The First Tycoon"},{"id":"2420738","text":"Paul Volcker Paul Adolph Volcker Jr. (; born September 5, 1927) is an American economist. He was Chairman of the Federal Reserve under Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan from August 1979 to August 1987. He is widely credited with ending the high levels of inflation seen in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s. He was the chairman of the Economic Recovery Advisory Board under President Barack Obama from February 2009 until January 2011. Volcker was born in Cape May, New Jersey, the son of Alma Louise (née Klippel) and Paul Adolph Volcker. All his grandparents were","title":"Paul Volcker"},{"id":"2420744","text":"Ronald Reagan renominated Volcker to a second term in 1983. Inflation emerged as an economic and political challenge in the United States during the 1970s. The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve board, led by Volcker, were widely credited with curbing the rate of inflation and expectations that inflation would continue. US inflation, which peaked at 14.8 percent in March 1980, fell below 3 percent by 1983. The Federal Reserve board led by Volcker raised the federal funds rate, which had averaged 11.2% in 1979, to a peak of 20% in June 1981. The prime rate rose to 21.5% in","title":"Paul Volcker"},{"id":"1965470","text":"reduction of interest rates and an expansion of the money supply, in effect subordinating concern about inflation (which now seemed under control) to concern about unemployment and declining investment. By the middle of 1983, unemployment fell from 11 percent in 1982 to 8.2 percent. GDP growth was 3.3 percent, the highest since the mid-1970s. Inflation was below 5 percent. When the economy recovered, Ronald Reagan declared it was Morning in America. Housing starts boomed, the automobile industry recovered its vitality, and consumer spending achieved new heights. Blue-collar workers were, however, mostly left behind in the economic boom years of the","title":"History of the United States (1980–1991)"},{"id":"739871","text":"hostage crisis. Ronald Reagan produced a major realignment with his 1980 and 1984 landslide elections. Reagan's economic policies (dubbed \"Reaganomics\") and the implementation of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 lowered the top marginal tax rate from 70% to 28% over the course of seven years. Reagan continued to downsize government taxation and regulation. The U.S. experienced a recession in 1982, but the negative indicators reversed, with the inflation rate decreasing from 11% to 2%, the unemployment rate decreasing from 10.8% in December 1982 to 7.5% in November 1984, and the economic growth rate increasing from 4.5% to 7.2%.","title":"History of the United States"},{"id":"4283523","text":"to become one of the key men in John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Trust. He invested heavily in various industries, including copper, steel, mining, and railways. The Virginian Railway is widely considered his final life's achievement. Rogers amassed a great fortune, estimated at over $100 million, and became one of the wealthiest men in the United States. Abbie and Henry Rogers were generous, providing many public works for their hometown of Fairhaven, including the Town Hall which Abbie donated in 1894 shortly before her death. Rogers also financially assisted such notables as Mark Twain, Helen Keller, and Booker T. Washington.","title":"Abbie G. Rogers"},{"id":"6683525","text":"The United States purchased the U.S. Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917. Rapid economic development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries fostered the rise of many prominent industrialists. Tycoons like Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie led the nation's progress in railroad, petroleum, and steel industries. Banking became a major part of the economy, with J. P. Morgan playing a notable role. Edison and Tesla undertook the widespread distribution of electricity to industry, homes, and for street lighting. Henry Ford revolutionized the automotive industry. The American economy boomed, becoming the world's largest, and the United States","title":"United States"},{"id":"12287563","text":"Index, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services in the United States. It reflects inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses. A graph showing the U.S. CPI relative to 1982–1984 and the annual year-over-year change in CPI is shown at right. The value of the U.S. dollar declined significantly during wartime, especially during the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II. The Federal Reserve, which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an \"elastic\" currency subject to \"substantial changes of quantity","title":"United States dollar"},{"id":"4614825","text":"George Fisher Baker George Fisher Baker (March 27, 1840 – May 2, 1931) was a U.S. financier and philanthropist. Known as the \"Dean of American Banking,\" Baker was known for his silence in public. He made a huge fortune after the Civil War in railroads and banking, and at his death he was estimated to be the third richest man in the United States, after Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller. Baker was born in Troy, New York, to Eveline Stevens Baker and George Ellis Baker, a shoe-store owner who was elected in 1850 on the Whig ticket to the","title":"George Fisher Baker"},{"id":"2349873","text":"uncertainty and anxiety\" shared by Canadians. The Bank of Canada reported on economic problems that were accelerated and magnified. Inflation was most commonly between 9 and 10 percent annually and prime interest rates over 10 percent. Historically, the United States had been by far the world's largest oil producer, and the world oil market had been dominated by a small number of giant multinational (mostly American) oil companies (the so-called \"Seven Sisters of oil\": Standard Oil of New Jersey, alias Exxon (US); Standard Oil of New York, alias Mobil (US/UK); Standard Oil of California, alias Chevron (US), Gulf Oil, now","title":"National Energy Program"},{"id":"739816","text":"that this age was corrupted by such elements as land speculators, scandalous politics, and unethical business practices. Since the days of Charles A. Beard and Matthew Josephson, some historians have argued that the United States was effectively plutocratic for at least part of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. As financiers and industrialists such as J.P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller began to amass vast fortunes, many U.S. observers were concerned that the nation was losing its pioneering egalitarian spirit. By 1890 American industrial production and per capita income exceeded those of all other world nations. In response to heavy","title":"History of the United States"},{"id":"13595539","text":"D. Rockefeller and Henry Ford. While he served as Secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department his wealth peaked at around US$300–US$400 million. Personal income-tax receipts rose from US$719 million in 1921 to over US$1 billion in 1929, an average increase of 4.2% per year over an 8-year period, which supporters attribute to the rate cut. David Hume also expressed similar arguments in his essay \"Of Taxes\" in 1756, as did fellow Scottish economist Adam Smith, twenty years later. The Democratic party made a similar argument in the 1880s when high revenue from import tariffs raised during the Civil War (1861–1865)","title":"Laffer curve"},{"id":"4739121","text":"of the United States was set up in 1816, and after that the financial system performed very well, even though there was still a shortage of gold and silver. The economy grew every year 1812-1815, despite a large loss of business by East Coast shipping interests. Wartime inflation averaged 4.8% a year. The national economy grew 1812-1815 at the rate of 3.7% a year, after accounting for inflation. Per capita GDP grew at 2.2% a year, after accounting for inflation. Money that would have been spent on imports—mostly cloth—was diverted to opening new factories, which were profitable since British cloth","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"2086988","text":"period. These families sometimes known as American gentry produced several Founding Fathers of the United States and a number of early U.S. Presidents including George Washington, who with an estimated net worth of $525 million (in 2016 dollars) due to his vast holdings of land and slaves, was the wealthiest man to hold the office prior to the election of billionaire Donald Trump in 2016. During the early 20th century, the upper-upper class were seen as more prestigious than the nouveau riche.During the late 19th century and early 20th century the nouveau rich flaunted their wealth by building Gilded Age","title":"Old money"},{"id":"4739266","text":"recovered at a brisk pace from the 1973–75 recession. Incoming president Jimmy Carter instituted a large fiscal stimulus package in 1977 in order to boost the economy. However, inflation began a steep rise beginning in late 1978, and rose by double digits following the 1979 energy crisis. In order to combat inflation, Carter appointed Paul Volcker to the Federal Reserve, who raised interest rates and caused a sharp recession in the first six months of 1980. In March 1980, Carter introduced his own policies for reducing inflation, and the Federal Reserve brought down interest rates to cooperate with the initiatives.","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"3394510","text":"price controls were again established, this time under the OPS (Office of Price Stabilization). In the early 1970s, inflation had been much higher than in previous decades, getting above 6% briefly in 1970 and persisting above 4% in 1971. U.S. President Richard Nixon imposed price controls on August 15, 1971. This was a move widely applauded by the public and a number of Keynesian economists. The 90-day freeze was unprecedented in peacetime, but such drastic measures were thought necessary. Also motivating the controls, on the same date that the controls were imposed, 15 August 1971, Nixon also suspended the convertibility","title":"Incomes policy"},{"id":"2391009","text":"the \"Pax Britannica\" of the late 19th century and the \"Pax Romana\" of the first. (\"See\" Globalism) After the end of World War II, the U.S. held $26 billion in gold reserves, of an estimated total of $40 billion (approx 65%). As world trade increased rapidly through the 1950s, the size of the gold base increased by only a few percentage points. In 1950, the U.S. balance of payments swung negative. The first U.S. response to the crisis was in the late 1950s when the Eisenhower administration placed import quotas on oil and other restrictions on trade outflows. More drastic","title":"Bretton Woods system"},{"id":"9630649","text":"Four years after Meltzer's comment, with the Fed's quantitative easing program still continuing, US inflation as measured by the consumer price index (CPI-U) was running at a year-on-year rate of 1.4%, while expected inflation over a 10-year period, as estimated by the Cleveland Federal Reserve, was running at around 1.55%. Meltzer's argument that nobody had expected the lack of inflation has been challenged by Paul Krugman. Meltzer's study \"A History of the Federal Reserve\" is considered the most comprehensive history of the central bank. Volume I covers the years from the creation of the Fed in 1913 until the accord","title":"Allan H. Meltzer"},{"id":"469369","text":"(18 countries under a single market) came into effect. In the US, the average annual inflation rate from 1900 to 1970 was approximately 2.5%. From 1970–1979, however, the average rate was 7.06%, and topped out at 13.29% in December 1979. This period is also known for \"stagflation\", a phenomenon in which inflation and unemployment steadily increased. It led to double-digit interest rates that rose to unprecedented levels (above 12% per year). The prime rate hit 21.5 in December 1980, the highest in history. A rising cost of housing was reflected in the average price of a new home in the","title":"1970s"},{"id":"4739114","text":"States contracted by about 34 percent with prices falling by 33 percent. The magnitude of this contraction is matched only by the Great Depression. A fundamental cause of the Panic of 1837 was depletion of Mexican silver mines. Despite the deflation and depression, GDP rose 16 percent from 1839 to 1843, partly because of rapid population growth. In order to dampen speculation in land, Andrew Jackson signed the executive order known as the Specie Circular in 1836, requiring sale of government land to be paid in gold and silver. Branch mints at New Orleans; Dahlonega, Georgia; and Charlotte, North Carolina,","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"4872789","text":"Internal Improvement Fund land for 25 cents per acre, an agreement which became a formal contract on June 1, 1881. Disston signed the contract on June 14 and \"The New York Times\" described the transaction with, \"What is claimed to be the largest purchase of land ever made by a single person in the world\". It made him the largest landowner in the United States. On December 17, 1881, Disston sold two million acres (8,000 km²) of his land to English Member of Parliament, Sir Edward James Reed, for $600,000. While some in Florida disapproved of the sale for giving","title":"Hamilton Disston"},{"id":"4739263","text":"the nation, and the government experimented with wage and price controls under President Nixon. The Bretton Woods Agreement collapsed in 1971–1972, and President Nixon closed the gold window at the Federal Reserve, taking the United States entirely off the gold standard. President Gerald Ford introduced the slogan, \"Whip Inflation Now\" (WIN). In 1974, productivity shrunk by 1.5%, though this soon recovered. In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the Presidency. Carter would later take much of the blame for the even more turbulent economic times to come, though some say circumstances were outside his control. Inflation continued to climb skyward. Productivity growth","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"694863","text":"felonies – three counts of stock parking and three counts of stock manipulation. It also agreed to pay a fine of $650 million – at the time, the largest fine ever levied under securities laws. Milken left the firm after his own indictment in March 1989. On February 13, 1990, after being advised by United States Secretary of the Treasury Nicholas F. Brady, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the New York Stock Exchange, and the Federal Reserve, Drexel Burnham Lambert officially filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The combination of decreasing interest rates, loosening lending standards, and regulatory","title":"Leveraged buyout"},{"id":"1965402","text":"recession, Nixon reversed course and adopted an expansionary monetary and fiscal policy. In \"Phase III\", the strict wage and price controls were lifted. As a result, inflation resumed its upward spiral. The administration largely remained aloof; practically all press conferences and public statements by the White House dealt with foreign policy issues despite Gallup polls showing that the state of the economy was of concern to 80% of Americans. Connally stepped down as Treasury Secretary in 1973 and Secretary of Labor George Schultz took over the post. The administration's continued preoccupation with foreign policy matters stood in stark contrast to","title":"History of the United States (1964–1980)"},{"id":"4739215","text":"1906 ended the expansion from the late 1890s. This was followed by the Panic of 1907. The Panic of 1907 was a factor in the establishment of the Federal Reserve Bank in 1913. The mild inflation of the 1890s, attributed to the rising gold supply from mining, continued until World War I, at which time inflation rose sharply with wartime shortages including labor shortages. Following the war the rate of inflation fell, but prices remained above the prewar level. The U.S. economy prospered during World War I, partly due to sales of war goods to Europe. The stock market had","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"11331551","text":"Both men denied the accusation. Soon in the fall, the economy began to improve. Unemployment was finally dropping and inflation was staying relatively in control. America had temporarily gotten out of the recession. Unfortunately inflation soon increased after the election. When the failed wage and price controls were lifted, other problems took their toll on the American economy. An expanded money supply, the effects of increased deficits and the rising price of oil all left their mark on the American economy. By 1973 inflation increased 8.8 percent, then 12.2 percent in the following year. Nixonomics Nixonomics, a portmanteau of the","title":"Nixonomics"},{"id":"540102","text":"Carolyn, and Katherine). , the Perots had 16 grandchildren. With an estimated net worth of about US$4.1 billion in 2017, he is ranked by \"Forbes\" as the 167th-richest person in the United States. United States presidential election, 1992 United States presidential election, 1996 Ross Perot Henry Ross Perot (; born June 27, 1930) is an American business magnate and former politician. As the founder of the successful Electronic Data Systems corporation, he became a billionaire. He ran an independent presidential campaign in 1992 and a third party campaign in 1996, establishing the Reform Party in the latter election. Both campaigns","title":"Ross Perot"},{"id":"11848020","text":"expectations, came in the Fifties and Sixties, when the median U.S. family income (adjusted to 2001 price levels) went up from $14,832 in 1950 to $27,338 in 1970. The rising prosperity was, however, halted by the inflation of the Seventies, which carried prices aloft more rapidly than wages and thus caused real income levels to stagnate for more than a decade. The median in 2000 was only $27,735, barely an improvement from 1970. As noted by the British historian and journalist Godfrey Hodgson, \"On the basis of such evidence I myself have written that “by all statistical measures . .","title":"Middle-class squeeze"},{"id":"438030","text":"depression years, a surge in prosperity, a demand for suburban single-family homes (as opposed to inner city apartments) and new optimism about the future. The boom crested about 1957, then slowly declined. A period of high inflation, interest rates and unemployment after 1973 weakened confidence in fiscal policy as a tool for regulating the overall pace of economic activity. The U.S. economy grew by an average of 3.8% from 1946 to 1973, while real median household income surged 74% (or 2.1% a year). The worst recession in recent decades, in terms of lost output, occurred during the financial crisis of","title":"Economy of the United States"},{"id":"10578191","text":"Oliver Hazard Payne Oliver Hazard Payne (July 21, 1839 – June 27, 1917) was an American businessman, organizer of the American Tobacco trust, and assisted with the formation of U.S. Steel, and was affiliated with Standard Oil. He is considered one of the 100 wealthiest Americans, having left an enormous fortune. Oliver Hazard Payne was born on July 21, 1839 in Cleveland, Ohio. He was the son of Henry B. Payne, a businessman, U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator, and Mary (née Perry) Payne. He was named for Oliver Hazard Perry, a relative of his mother. He was the uncle of","title":"Oliver Hazard Payne"},{"id":"5870732","text":"Sarah Mellon Sarah Cordelia Mellon (1903–1965) was the daughter of Jennie (King) and Richard B. Mellon, and the niece of Andrew W. Mellon (Secretary of the Treasury during the Great Depression). She was one of the heirs to the Mellon fortune, including Mellon Bank and major investments in Gulf Oil and Alcoa. In 1957, when \"Fortune\" prepared its first list of the wealthiest Americans, it estimated that Sarah Mellon, her brother Richard King Mellon, and her cousins Ailsa Mellon-Bruce and Paul Mellon were all amongst the richest eight people in the United States, with fortunes of between 400 and 700","title":"Sarah Mellon"},{"id":"4614834","text":"Jekyl Island near Brunswick, Georgia and had an estate in Tuxedo Park, New York. George Fisher Baker George Fisher Baker (March 27, 1840 – May 2, 1931) was a U.S. financier and philanthropist. Known as the \"Dean of American Banking,\" Baker was known for his silence in public. He made a huge fortune after the Civil War in railroads and banking, and at his death he was estimated to be the third richest man in the United States, after Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller. Baker was born in Troy, New York, to Eveline Stevens Baker and George Ellis Baker,","title":"George Fisher Baker"},{"id":"1965469","text":"Director David Stockman, an ardent fiscal conservative, wrote, \"I knew the Reagan Revolution was impossible--it was a metaphor with no anchor in political and economic reality.\" Unemployment reached a peak of 11% in late 1982, after which recovery began. A factor in the recovery from the worst periods of 1982-83 was the radical drop in oil prices due to increased production levels of the mid-1980s, which ended inflationary pressures on fuel prices. The virtual collapse of the OPEC cartel enabled the administration to alter its tight money policies, to the consternation of conservative monetarist economists, who began pressing for a","title":"History of the United States (1980–1991)"},{"id":"3183763","text":"he sometimes used meetings to suggest compromises and pressure \"recalcitrants\" toward a unanimous vote. Economic historians have generally considered Miller's short tenure unsuccessful. The high inflation that Miller did not rein in required harsh \"shock therapy\" treatment by his successor, Paul Volcker, to bring inflation under control. That action sent the U.S. economy into recession from 1980 to 1982. Steven Beckner, a Federal Reserve analyst, offered a particularly harsh assessment: Miller was Fed chairman for just over a year when Carter appointed him Secretary of the Treasury in August 1979, replacing Michael Blumenthal as part of a major cabinet shuffle","title":"G. William Miller"},{"id":"4739258","text":"payrolls had risen to high levels during World War II and had been cut back only slowly; the highest rates for individuals reached the 90% level. Congress cut tax rates in 1964. President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963–69) dreamed of creating a \"Great Society\", and began many new social programs to that end, such as Medicaid and Medicare. After the Cold War began in 1947, and especially after the Korean War began in 1950, the government adopted a strategy in NSC 68 military spending. Economists examined how much this \"military Keynesianism\" stimulated the economy. President Eisenhower feared that excessive military spending","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"3822589","text":"John Doerr L. John Doerr (born June 29, 1951) is an American Investor and venture capitalist at Kleiner Perkins in Menlo Park, California. In February 2009, Doerr was appointed a member of the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board to provide the President and his administration with advice and counsel in trying to fix America's economic downturn. , \"Forbes\" ranked Doerr as the 105th richest person in the United States and the 303rd richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$ 7.5 billion as of February 16, 2018. Doerr is the author of \"Measure What Matters,\" a book","title":"John Doerr"},{"id":"7458392","text":"in the black. The 1950s was a period of economic expansion in the United States, and the gross national product jumped from $355.3 billion in 1950 to $487.7 billion in 1960. Unemployment rates were also generally low, except for in 1958. There were three recessions during Eisenhower's administration—July 1953 through May 1954, August 1957 through April 1958, and April 1960 through February 1961, caused by the Federal Reserve clamping down too tight on the money supply, in an effort to wring out the lingering wartime inflation out of the economy. Meanwhile, federal spending as a percentage of GDP fell from","title":"Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower"},{"id":"11732084","text":"the same time lowering taxes and marginal tax rates, Reagan's approach to handling the economy marked a significant departure from that of many of his predecessor's Keynesian policies. Milton Friedman, the monetarist economist who was an intellectual architect of free-market policies, was a primary influence on Reagan. When Reagan entered office, the country faced the highest rate of inflation since 1947 (average annual rate of 13.5% in 1980), and interest rates as high as 13% (the Fed funds rate in Dec. 1980). These were considered the nation's principal economic problems and were all considered components of \"stagflation.\" Reagan sought to","title":"Domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration"},{"id":"10125070","text":"request to assemble a 500,000-man army, but initially resisted raising taxes to pay for the war. After the Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run, Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1861, which imposed the first federal income tax in U.S. history. The act created a flat tax of three percent on incomes above $800 ($ in current dollar terms). This taxation of income reflected the increasing amount of wealth held in stocks and bonds rather than property, which the federal government had taxed in the past. As the average urban worker made approximately $600 per year, the","title":"Presidency of Abraham Lincoln"},{"id":"2691796","text":"remained the financial center of the world until 1914, yet the United States' growth caused foreigners to ask, as British author W. T. Stead wrote in 1901, \"What is the secret of American success?\" The businessmen of the Second Industrial Revolution created industrial towns and cities in the Northeast with new factories, and hired an ethnically diverse industrial working class, many of them new immigrants from Europe. Wealthy industrialists and financiers such as John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, Henry Clay Frick, Andrew W. Mellon, Andrew Carnegie, Henry Flagler, Henry H. Rogers, J. P. Morgan, Leland Stanford, Meyer Guggenheim, Jacob Schiff,","title":"Gilded Age"},{"id":"4739116","text":"absolved Jackson's policies, and blamed international events beyond American control, such as conditions in Mexico, China and Britain. A survey of economic historians in 1995 show that the vast majority concur with Temin's conclusion that \"the inflation and financial crisis of the 1830s had their origin in events largely beyond President Jackson's control and would have taken place whether or not he had acted as he did vis-a-vis the Second Bank of the U.S.\" The War of 1812 was financed by borrowing, by new issues of private bank notes and by an inflation in prices of 15%. The government was","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"2618507","text":"A-list actor, for example, might not be accorded as much prestige as a former U.S. President, yet all members of this class are so influential and wealthy as to be considered members of the upper class. At the pinnacle of U.S wealth, 2004 saw a dramatic increase in the numbers of billionaires. According to \"Forbes Magazine\", there are now 374 U.S. billionaires. The growth in billionaires took a dramatic leap since the early 1980s, when the average net worth of the individuals on the Forbes 400 list was $400 million. Today, the average net worth is $2.8 billion. Wal-Mart Walton","title":"Upper class"},{"id":"4739216","text":"its best year in history in 1916. The U.S. gold reserves doubled between 1913 and 1918, causing the price level to rise. Interest rates had been held low to minimize interest on war bonds, but after the final war bonds were sold in 1919, the Federal Reserve raised the discount rate from 4% to 6%. Interest rates rose and the money supply contracted. The economy entered the Depression of 1920-21, which was a sharp decline financially. By 1923, the economy had returned to full employment. A debt-fueled boom developed following the war. Jerome (1934) gives an unattributed quote about finance","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"5325844","text":"\"Il Fortino\", on Italy's isle of Capri. By 1929, Williams had accumulated a fortune estimated at a $680 million (equivalent of about $ billion in 2018) in public utilities, making him the wealthiest man in the country. He also began a business partnership with Waddill Catchings of Goldman Sachs & Co. In 1937 he was investigated regarding investment trusts by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Also that year he began an affair with Coco Chanel. Williams died at Bayville in 1953. in 1955 his widow married her secretary, Count Albrecht \"Eddy\" Von Bismarck, thus becoming the Countess Von Bismarck. She","title":"Harrison Williams (entrepreneur)"},{"id":"2896800","text":"about $900 million over his lifetime. The combined personal and social connections of the various family members are vast, both in America and throughout the world, including the most powerful politicians, royalty, public figures, and chief businessmen. Notable figures through Standard Oil alone have included Henry Flagler and Henry H. Rogers. Contemporary figures include Henry Kissinger, Richard Parsons (Chairman and CEO of Time Warner), C. Fred Bergsten, Peter G. Peterson (Senior Chairman of the Blackstone Group), and Paul Volcker. In 1991 the family was presented with the Honor Award from the National Building Museum for four generations worth of preserving","title":"Rockefeller family"},{"id":"5282608","text":"Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards. Paul Mellon Paul Mellon (June 11, 1907 – February 1, 1999) was an American philanthropist and an owner/breeder of thoroughbred racehorses. He is one of only five people ever designated an \"Exemplar of Racing\" by the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. He was co-heir to one of America's greatest business fortunes, derived from the Mellon Bank created by his grandfather Thomas Mellon, his father Andrew W. Mellon, and his father's brother Richard B. Mellon. In 1957, when \"Fortune\" prepared its first list of the wealthiest Americans, it estimated","title":"Paul Mellon"},{"id":"2474531","text":"as well as newspaper publishing. Their dominance was known as the Second Industrial Revolution, the Gilded Age, or the Robber Baron Era. Examples of well-known business magnates in the western world include historical figures such as oilman John D. Rockefeller, automobile pioneer Henry Ford, shipping and railroad veterans Aristotle Onassis, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jay Gould, and James J. Hill, steel innovator Andrew Carnegie, newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst, retail merchant Sam Walton, and banker J. P. Morgan. Contemporary industrial tycoons include e-commerce entrepreneur Jeff Bezos, real estate developer Donald Trump, investor Warren Buffett, computer programmer Bill Gates, technology innovator Steve Jobs,","title":"Business magnate"},{"id":"1488033","text":"J. Paul Getty Jean Paul Getty (; December 15, 1892 – June 6, 1976), known widely as J. Paul Getty, was a British American petrol-industrialist, and the patriarch of the Getty family. He founded the Getty Oil Company, and in 1957 \"Fortune\" magazine named him the richest living American, while the 1966 \"Guinness Book of Records\" named him as the world's richest private citizen, worth an estimated $1.2 billion (approximately $ billion in 2018). At his death, he was worth more than $6 billion (approximately $ billion in 2018). A book published in 1996 ranked him as the 67th richest","title":"J. Paul Getty"},{"id":"13543559","text":"early 1948 to early 1950, leading to a decline in the imports fueling industrial growth and to recession. Short of central bank reserves, Perón was forced to borrow US$125 million from the U.S. Export-Import Bank to cover a number of private banks' debts to U.S. institutions, without which their insolvency would have become a central bank liability. Austerity and better harvests in 1950 helped finance a recovery in 1951; but inflation, having risen from 13% in 1948 to 31% in 1949, reached 50% in late 1951 before stabilizing, and a second, sharper recession soon followed. Workers' purchasing power, by 1952,","title":"Juan Perón"},{"id":"3270628","text":"By the summer of 1979 inflation had reached 14 percent, with unemployment in some cities running close to 25 percent. Much of the increase had to do with OPEC raising oil prices. During this period, the U.S. dollar was also a target of one of the largest currency speculations in history by countries including Germany and Japan, whose currencies were rapidly appreciating against the dollar. In February 1979, Blumenthal represented the U.S. in its first visit to China by an American Cabinet officer following America's official recognition of their Communist government, which China had proclaimed in 1949. Until that time,","title":"W. Michael Blumenthal"},{"id":"2691798","text":"million to various charities, slightly over half his entire net worth. Nevertheless, many business leaders were influenced by Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism, which justified \"laissez-faire\" capitalism, ruthless competition and social stratification. This emerging industrial economy quickly expanded to meet the new market demands. From 1869 to 1879, the U.S. economy grew at a rate of 6.8% for NNP (GDP minus capital depreciation) and 4.5% for NNP per capita. The economy repeated this period of growth in the 1880s, in which the wealth of the nation grew at an annual rate of 3.8%, while the GDP was also doubled.","title":"Gilded Age"},{"id":"739815","text":"wounded Indians must be very much higher than the given... Fifty percent additional would be a safe estimate... The \"Gilded Age\" was a term that Mark Twain used to describe the period of the late 19th century with a dramatic expansion of American wealth and prosperity, underscored by the mass corruption in the government. Reforms of the Age included the Civil Service Act, which mandated a competitive examination for applicants for government jobs. Other important legislation included the Interstate Commerce Act, which ended railroads' discrimination against small shippers, and the Sherman Antitrust Act, which outlawed monopolies in business. Twain believed","title":"History of the United States"},{"id":"4739268","text":"annually in 1980 to just 3% annually in 1983 due to a short recession and the Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker's tighter control of the money supply and interest rates. Real GDP began to grow after contracting in 1980 and 1982. The unemployment rate continued to rise to a peak of 10.8% by late 1982, but dropped well under 6% unemployment at the end of Reagan's presidency in January 1989. 20 million jobs were created under Reagan's presidency – which were made up of 82 percent high-paying and long-term jobs. From 1982 to 1987 the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"16452671","text":"wealthiest man to ever hold the office until the election of Donald Trump in 2016 according to valuations of his putative assets. He was a commercial farmer much interested in innovations, and happily quit his public duties in 1783 and again in 1797 to manage his plantation at Mount Vernon. Washington lived an upper-class lifestyle—fox hunting was a favorite leisure activity enjoyed by gentry, worldwide. Like most planters in Virginia, Washington imported luxury items and other fine wares from England. He paid for them by exporting his tobacco crop. Extravagant spending and the unpredictability of the tobacco market meant that","title":"American gentry"},{"id":"355728","text":"debt rose from 26% GDP in 1980 to 41% GDP by 1988. In dollar terms, the public debt rose from $712 billion in 1980 to $2.052 trillion in 1988, a roughly three-fold increase. The unemployment rate rose from 7% in 1980 to 11% in 1982, then declined to 5% in 1988. The inflation rate declined from 10% in 1980 to 4% in 1988. Some economists have stated that Reagan's policies were an important part of bringing about the third longest peacetime economic expansion in U.S. history. During the Reagan administration, real GDP growth averaged 3.5%, compared to 2.9% during the","title":"Reaganomics"},{"id":"4739231","text":"entirely. The Feds started to spend more when President Roosevelt came in to office as the federal government doubled income tax rates in 1932. Total government tax revenues as a percentage of GDP shot up from 10.8% in 1929 to 16.6% in 1933. Higher tax rates tended to reduce consumption and aggregate demand. Spending would go up and America would get out of the great depression when World War II happened after Japan’s attack on American forces in Pearl Harbor in December of 1941 led to much sharper increases in government purchases, and the economy pushed quickly into an inflationary","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"1965397","text":"face stiff competition in the U.S. domestic market by foreign producers who had more modern factories and higher-quality products. Inflation had been an extremely gentle 3% a year from 1949 to 1969, but as the 70s unfolded, this began to change and the cost of energy and consumer products began to steadily climb. In addition to the increased manufacturing competition from Europe and Japan, the US faced other difficulties due to the general complacency that set in during the years of prosperity. Many Americans assumed the good times would last forever and there was little attempt at investing in infrastructure","title":"History of the United States (1964–1980)"},{"id":"12363900","text":"Farouk I, Aga Khan III, Prince Aly Khan, Juan Manuel Fangio, Stirling Moss, Charlton Heston, Aristotle Onassis, Maria Callas, Evita Peron, Marlon Brando, James Dean, Bill Haley, Elvis Presley, Colonel Tom Parker, Pele, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro John F. Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy, Elizabeth Taylor, Sean Connery, Christine Keeler, John Profumo, Sammy Davis, Jr., Peter Sellers, Steve McQueen, Rudolph Nureyev, Yuri Gagarin, Lee Harvey Oswald, Jack Ruby, Lyndon B. Johnson, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Brian Epstein, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Yoko Ono, Bob Dylan, Che Guevara, William Calley, Muhammad Ali, Martin Luther King, Robert Kennedy, Jane Fonda, Leonid Brezhnev, William Shatner,","title":"Fame in the 20th Century"},{"id":"9911152","text":"John E. Anderson John Edward Anderson (September 12, 1917 – July 29, 2011) was an American billionaire businessman, the president and owner of Topa Equities, Ltd. Anderson oversaw more than 40 wholly owned subsidiaries in agriculture, automotive dealerships, insurance, real estate, oil, and wholesale beverage distribution. In 2006, he was ranked #189 on the \"Forbes\" magazine list of the 400 richest Americans, with a net worth of $1.9 billion. He made charitable donations to the University of California, Los Angeles, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and other Southern California educational institutions during his lifetime. Anderson died from pneumonia at the Ronald","title":"John E. Anderson"},{"id":"1919320","text":"the strikes failed. The unions held on to their gains among machinists, textile workers, and seamen, and in such industries as food and clothing, but overall membership fell back to 3.5 million, where it stagnated until the New Deal passed the Wagner Act in 1935. Real earnings (after taking inflation, unemployment, and short hours into account) of all employees doubled over 1918–45. Setting 1918 as 100, the index went to 112 in 1923, 122 in 1929, 81 in 1933 (the low point of the depression), 116 in 1940, and 198 in 1945. The bubble of the late 1920s was reflected","title":"History of the United States (1918–1945)"},{"id":"7901513","text":"Richard Rainwater Richard Edward Rainwater (June 15, 1944 – September 27, 2015) was an American investor and fund manager, with many investments in the petroleum industry. He was one of the richest people in the world, with an estimated net worth of $3 billion. Between 2009 and his death in 2015, he suffered a rare neurodegenerative disease, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The son of a wholesale grocer, Rainwater grew up in Fort Worth, Texas. He is of Lebanese roots. He graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a degree in mathematics, where he was a member of the","title":"Richard Rainwater"},{"id":"10561781","text":"Accounting Principles Board (USA), the Financial Standards Board (USA), and the Accounting Standards Steering Committee (UK). Sweeney advocated using a price index that covers everything in the gross national product. In March 1979, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) wrote \"Constant Dollar Accounting\", which advocated using the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) to adjust accounts because it is calculated every month. During the Great Depression, some corporations restated their financial statements to reflect inflation. At times during the past 50 years, standard-setting organizations have encouraged companies to supplement cost-based financial statements with price-level adjusted statements. During a","title":"Inflation accounting"},{"id":"342858","text":"there is no consensus regarding a single source for the crash. In order to cover newly spawned federal budget deficits, the United States borrowed heavily both domestically and abroad, raising the national debt from $997 billion to $2.85 trillion. Reagan described the new debt as the \"greatest disappointment\" of his presidency. He reappointed Paul Volcker as Chairman of the Federal Reserve, and in 1987 he appointed monetarist Alan Greenspan to succeed him. Reagan ended the price controls on domestic oil that had contributed to the energy crises of 1973–74 and the summer of 1979. The price of oil subsequently dropped,","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"id":"19013189","text":"of Enno Ercklentz Jr. and Mai Harrison) at Bethesda-by-the-Sea, Palm Beach, Florida, in 2005. She was featured in the film, \"Born Rich\", a 2003 documentary about growing up in the world's richest families. They reside on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. In 2008, they bought an entire floor of a Fifth Avenue building from Veronica Hearst, the daughter-in-law of William Randolph Hearst, for US$36.5 million. Chase Coleman III Charles Payson \"Chase\" Coleman III (born June 1975) is an American financial investor and the founder of Tiger Global Management. Coleman grew up in Glen Head, Long","title":"Chase Coleman III"},{"id":"6350789","text":"San Marcos Baptist Academy announced a $1 million gift from Joe Jamail to help establish a fund to build a special event center on the Academy campus in memory of Jamail’s wife, Lee, who graduated from San Marcos Academy in 1944. Joe Jamail Joseph Dahr Jamail Jr. (October 19, 1925 – December 23, 2015) was an American attorney and billionaire. The wealthiest practicing attorney in America, he was frequently referred to as the \"King of Torts\". In 2011, his net worth was estimated by \"Forbes\" to be $1.5 billion, making him the 833rd richest person in the world. In 2014,","title":"Joe Jamail"},{"id":"20394","text":"cent on the dollar. By 1780, the paper money was \"not worth a Continental\", as people said. The skyrocketing inflation was a hardship on the few people who had fixed incomes—but 90 percent of the people were farmers, and were not directly affected by that inflation. Debtors benefited by paying off their debts with depreciated paper. The greatest burden was borne by the soldiers of the Continental Army, whose wages were usually in arrears and declined in value every month, weakening their morale and adding to the hardships of their families. Beginning in 1777, Congress repeatedly asked the states to","title":"American Revolution"},{"id":"14575054","text":"and expressed his views on the need for union in a letter which he handed to him. Lincoln read it over twice, then said, \"I am not yet elected President, and shall not be until I receive the vote of the electors.\" At the start of the Civil War, Tayloe was reputed to be the richest man in America. But with the outbreak of war and the loss of his Alabama and Virginia lands, Tayloe lost more than half a million dollars (about $20.3 million in inflation-adjusted 2010 dollars). Some historians have alleged that Tayloe may have been a spy","title":"Benjamin Ogle Tayloe"},{"id":"4321268","text":"Richard DeVos Richard Marvin DeVos Sr. (March 4, 1926 – September 6, 2018) was an American billionaire businessman, co-founder of Amway with Jay Van Andel (company restructured as Alticor in 2000), and owner of the Orlando Magic basketball team. In 2012, \"Forbes\" magazine listed him as the 60th-wealthiest person in the United States, and the 205th-richest in the world, with an estimated net worth of $5.1 billion. DeVos was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the son of Ethel Ruth (Dekker) and Simon Cornelius DeVos, who worked in the electrical business. He was educated at Calvin College and was a member","title":"Richard DeVos"},{"id":"6092633","text":"management. In a January 2014 article by \"Bloomberg\", he was referred to as \"Wall Street's greatest trader.\" \"Forbes Magazine\" reported his net worth at $1.1 billion as of October 2018. Born to a Jewish family, the son of Sol Frank Steinhardt, a compulsive high-stakes gambler, New York's leading jewel fence (according to then-DA Frank Hogan), and convicted felon. His father was close friends with underworld crime bosses Meyer Lansky, Vincent Alo (aka \"Jimmy Blue Eyes\" Alo), and Albert Anastasia (he was out gambling with Anastasia the night before he was killed). Sol, aka \"Red McGee,\" was later convicted on charges","title":"Michael Steinhardt"},{"id":"1272409","text":"labor rights, and satisfactory working conditions of select Amazon workers. On July 17, 2018 he was designated the \"wealthiest person in modern history\" by the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, \"Fortune\", \"MarketWatch\", \"The Wall Street Journal\", and \"Forbes\". In 1992, Bezos was working for D. E. Shaw in Manhattan, New York, when he met novelist MacKenzie Tuttle, who was a research associate at the firm; they were married a year later. In 1994, they moved across the country to Seattle, Washington, where Bezos founded Amazon. He and his wife are the parents of four children: three sons, and one daughter adopted from","title":"Jeff Bezos"},{"id":"3965094","text":"Stephen Girard Stephen Girard (May 20, 1750 – December 26, 1831; born Étienne Girard) was a French-born, naturalized American, philanthropist and banker. He personally saved the U.S. government from financial collapse during the War of 1812, and became one of the wealthiest people in America, estimated to have been the fourth richest American of all time, based on the ratio of his fortune to contemporary GDP. Childless, he devoted much of his fortune to philanthropy, particularly the education and welfare of orphans. His legacy is still felt in his adopted home of Philadelphia. Girard was born in Bordeaux, France. He","title":"Stephen Girard"},{"id":"18811876","text":"suffered from many ailments, such as neuritis, to the point where he had to resign from numerous positions. Lastly, The bankers of the pre-1913 Baronial Age are have said to have been the “lords of creation”, since they catapulted the American economy into an industrial powerhouse of production and power. This unprecedented development became attributed to the Morgan banking style. By one estimate, J.P. Morgan (1837–1913) is believed to have been the 24th richest American in history, inflation adjusted. His fortune is believed to have grown to about $38 billion (2007 USD). Other estimates place it around $41.5 billion (2014","title":"Morgan family"},{"id":"16468647","text":"funds offsets the total debt, making it appear much smaller than it otherwise would. This allowed Congress to increase spending without having to risk the political consequences of raising taxes. In June 1972, both houses of the United States Congress approved by overwhelming majorities 20% increases in benefits for 27.8 million Americans. The average payment per month rose from $133 to $166. The bill also set up a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) to take effect in 1975. This adjustment would be made on a yearly basis if the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 3% or more. This addition was an","title":"History of Social Security in the United States"},{"id":"1965468","text":"industrial Midwest and Northeast) descended into virtual depression conditions as steel mills and other industries closed. Many family farms in the Midwest and elsewhere were ruined by high interest rates and sold off to large agribusinesses. Reagan allowed the Federal Reserve to drastically reduce the money supply to cure inflation, but it resulted in the recession deepening temporarily. His approval ratings plummeted in the worst months of the recession of 1982. Democrats swept the mid-term elections, making up for their losses in the previous election cycle. At the time, critics often accused Reagan of being out of touch. His Budget","title":"History of the United States (1980–1991)"},{"id":"5272347","text":"linked to mismanagement and lack of economic diversification, with the largest and longest period starting in 1980s and through the 90s during which inflation peaked in 1996 with 60% in January to an all-time high of 118.8% in July of that same year. Revenue from petroleum exports accounts for more than 50% of the country's GDP and roughly 95% of total exports, and after decades of some of the strongest economic growth in South America the trend went into sharp reversal as oil prices began their steady drop following the end of the oil crisis of the 1970s of which","title":"Chronic inflation"},{"id":"438029","text":"were allocated to the war effort. Many goods were rationed, prices and wages controlled and many durable consumer goods were no longer produced. Large segments of the workforce were inducted into the military, paid half wages, and roughly half of those were sent into harm's way. The approach, advanced by British economist John Maynard Keynes, gave elected officials a leading role in directing the economy since spending and taxes are controlled by the U.S. President and the Congress. The \"Baby Boom\" saw a dramatic increase in fertility in the period 1942–1957; it was caused by delayed marriages and childbearing during","title":"Economy of the United States"},{"id":"4739060","text":"paying off their debts with depreciated paper. The greatest burden was borne by the soldiers of the Continental Army, whose wages—usually in arrears—declined in value every month, weakening their morale and adding to the hardships suffered by their families. Starting in 1776, the Congress sought to raise money by loans from wealthy individuals, promising to redeem the bonds after the war. The bonds were in fact redeemed in 1791 at face value, but the scheme raised little money because Americans had little specie, and many of the rich merchants were supporters of the Crown. Starting in 1776, the French secretly","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"739821","text":"upscale farmers in the Midwest. Prosperity returned under McKinley, the gold standard was enacted, and the tariff was raised. By 1900 the U.S. had the strongest economy on the globe. Apart from two short recessions (in 1907 and 1920) the overall economy remained prosperous and growing until 1929. Republicans, citing McKinley's policies, took the credit. Dissatisfaction on the part of the growing middle class with the corruption and inefficiency of politics as usual, and the failure to deal with increasingly important urban and industrial problems, led to the dynamic Progressive Movement starting in the 1890s. In every major city and","title":"History of the United States"},{"id":"2391024","text":"and allowed latent economic tensions to surface. Reinforcing the relative decline in U.S. power and the dissatisfaction of Europe and Japan with the system was the continuing decline of the dollar—the foundation that had underpinned the post-1945 global trading system. The Vietnam War and the refusal of the administration of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson to pay for it and its Great Society programs through taxation resulted in an increased dollar outflow to pay for the military expenditures and rampant inflation, which led to the deterioration of the U.S. balance of trade position. In the late 1960s, the dollar was","title":"Bretton Woods system"},{"id":"1965399","text":"resistance in Congress. As a result, Nixon changed course and opted to control the currency; his appointees to the Federal Reserve sought a contraction of the money supply through higher interest rates but to little avail; the tight money policy did little to curb inflation. The cost of living rose a cumulative 15% during Nixon's first two years in office. Nixon's primary interests as president were in the world of diplomacy and foreign policy; by his own admission, domestic affairs bored him. His first Secretary of the Treasury, David M. Kennedy, was a soft-spoken Mormon businessman whom the president paid","title":"History of the United States (1964–1980)"},{"id":"12363899","text":"Hayworth, Dwight Eisenhower, George Patton, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Jean Cocteau, Chester W. Nimitz, Harry S. Truman, Ava Gardner, Audie Murphy, Guy Gibson, Douglas Bader, Mao Zedong, Alfred Hitchcock, Charlie Parker, Margot Fonteyn Liberace, Lucille Ball, Edmund Hillary, Tenzing Norgay, Roger Bannister, Elizabeth II, Richard Nixon, Joseph McCarthy, Edward Murrow, Paul Robeson, Richard Burton, Gene Kelly, Sophia Loren, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, Marilyn Monroe, Joe DiMaggio, Arthur Miller, Jack Lemmon, Tony Curtis, Brigitte Bardot, Billy Graham, Diana Dors, Guy Gibson, Richard Todd, Kenneth More, Alec Guinness, Grace Kelly, Rainier III, Hugh Hefner, Doris Day, Rock Hudson, Miles Davis,","title":"Fame in the 20th Century"},{"id":"1404550","text":"Pablo Escobar Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (, ; 1 December 19492 December 1993) was a Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist. His cartel supplied an estimated 80% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States at the height of his career, turning over US$21.9 billion a year in personal income. He was often called \"The King of Cocaine\" and was the wealthiest criminal in history, with an estimated known net worth of between US$25 and US$30 billion by the early 1990s (equivalent to between about $48.5 and $ billion as of ), making him one of the richest men in the","title":"Pablo Escobar"},{"id":"6933242","text":"cancer on June 15, 1995. At the time of his death, he was Tennessee's only billionaire and 56th richest person in the United States. Golfer Arnold Palmer was a pallbearer at his funeral. He is buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery. The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center and the Ingram Studio Arts Center are named for him. E. Bronson Ingram II E. Bronson Ingram II (1931–1995) was an American billionaire heir and business executive. He served as the Chairman of Ingram Industries from 1963 to 1995. He was a director and large shareholder of Weyerhaeuser. He was tried and acquitted of corruption regarding","title":"E. Bronson Ingram II"},{"id":"4739166","text":"with the South gone, and Northern Democrats very weak in Congress, the Republicans enacted their legislation. At the same time they passed new taxes to pay for part of the war, and issued large amounts of bonds to pay for the most of the rest. (The remainder can be charged to inflation.) They wrote an elaborate program of economic modernization that had the dual purpose of winning the war and permanently transforming the economy. The key policy-maker in Congress was Thaddeus Stevens, as chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. He took charge of major legislation that funded the war","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"540075","text":"\"fastest, richest Texan\" in a 1968 cover story. In 1984 General Motors bought controlling interest in EDS for $2.4 billion. In 1974, Perot gained some press attention for being \"the biggest individual loser ever on the New York Stock Exchange\" when his EDS shares dropped $450 million in value in a single day in April 1970. Just prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the government of Iran imprisoned two EDS employees in a contract dispute. Perot organized and sponsored their rescue. The rescue team was led by retired U.S. Army Special Forces Colonel Arthur D. \"Bull\" Simons. When the team","title":"Ross Perot"},{"id":"1524211","text":"to pay to get inflation down. That price is well worth paying.\" The remark is regularly, but not always approvingly, recalled by commentators and other politicians. Seven months before Lamont made the statement, inflation (as measured by the annual change in the Retail Price Index) reached 10.9%. In May 1991, inflation fell to 6.4%. A year after the Major government was reelected in the 1992 general election, winning the most votes of any political party in British electoral history, inflation fell to 4.3%, falling to 1.3% a year later. However the economy continued to contract until the third quarter of","title":"Norman Lamont"},{"id":"3116617","text":"Benjamin Bristow Benjamin Helm Bristow (June 20, 1832 – June 22, 1896) was the 30th U.S. Treasury Secretary, the first Solicitor General, an American lawyer, a Union military officer, Republican Party politician, reformer, and civil rights advocate. Bristow, during his tenure as Secretary of Treasury, is primarily known for breaking up and prosecuting the Whiskey Ring, a corrupt tax evasion profiteering ring that depleted the national treasury, having President Ulysses S. Grant's permission. Additionally, Bristow promoted gold standard currency rather than paper. Bristow was one of Grant's most popular Cabinet members among reformers. Bristow supported Grant's Resumption of Specie Act","title":"Benjamin Bristow"},{"id":"18941954","text":"known for a well-received biography of Jacob Fugger in which he argues that Fugger was the most influential businessman in history, and possibly the richest man who ever lived. Greg Steinmetz Greg Steinmetz is an American journalist, author and securities analyst. Steinmetz was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio. He graduated from Colgate University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and German, and earned a master's degree from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University. Steinmetz spent 15 years working as a journalist for the Sarasota Herald-Tribune, Houston Chronicle, Newsday, and The Wall Street Journal. He served","title":"Greg Steinmetz"},{"id":"1488034","text":"American who ever lived, based on his wealth as a percentage of the concurrent gross national product. Despite his vast wealth, Getty was famously frugal, notably negotiating his grandson's Italian kidnapping ransom in 1973. Getty was an avid collector of art and antiquities; his collection formed the basis of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California, and over $661 million (approximately $ billion in 2018) of his estate was left to the museum after his death. He established the J. Paul Getty Trust in 1953. The trust is the world's wealthiest art institution, and operates the J. Paul","title":"J. Paul Getty"},{"id":"4283238","text":"joining Standard Oil, Rogers invested heavily in various industries, including copper, steel, mining, and railways. The Virginian Railway is widely considered his final life's achievement. Rogers amassed a great fortune, estimated at over $100 million, and became one of the wealthiest men in the United States. He was also a generous philanthropist, providing many public works for his hometown of Fairhaven and financially assisting such notables as Mark Twain, Helen Keller, and Booker T. Washington. Near McClintocksville and Oil City, in western Pennsylvania, Oil Creek State Park and many heritage sites to tell the story and memorialize the people of","title":"Wamsutta Oil Refinery"},{"id":"4739156","text":"when it seized property, so that even loyal Confederates would hide their horses and mules rather than sell them for dubious paper. Overall the Northern financial system was highly successful in raising money and turning patriotism into profit, while the Confederate system impoverished its patriots. The United States needed $3.1 billion to pay for the immense armies and fleets raised to fight the Civil War — over $400 million just in 1862. The largest tax sum by far came from new excise taxes—a sort of value added tax—that was imposed on every sort of manufactured item. Second came much higher","title":"Economic history of the United States"},{"id":"469368","text":"postwar period between 1945 and 1973. The oil shocks of 1973 and 1979 added to the existing ailments and conjured high inflation throughout much of the world for the rest of the decade. U.S. manufacturing industries began to decline as a result, with the United States running its last trade surplus () in 1975. In contrast, Japan and West Germany experienced economic booms and started overtaking the U.S. as the world's leading manufacturers. In 1970, Japan overtook West Germany to become the world's second-largest economy. Japan would rank as the world's second-largest economy until 1994 when the European Economic Area","title":"1970s"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1563318\",\n \"text\": \"private citizen had ever been able to accumulate by his own efforts.\\\" By the time of his death in 1937, Rockefeller's remaining fortune, largely tied up in permanent family trusts, was estimated at $1.4 billion, while the total national GDP was $92 billion. According to some methods of wealth calculation, Rockefeller's net worth over the last decades of his life would easily place him as the wealthiest known person in recent history. As a percentage of the United States' GDP, no other American fortune — including those of Bill Gates or Sam Walton — would even come close. Rockefeller, aged\",\n \"title\": \"John D. Rockefeller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1563245\",\n \"text\": \"John D. Rockefeller John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history. Rockefeller was born into a large family in upstate New York and was shaped by his con man father and religious mother. His family moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland, Ohio. Rockefeller became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into a business partnership with Maurice B. Clark and his brothers at 20. After buying them\",\n \"title\": \"John D. Rockefeller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1563319\",\n \"text\": \"86, penned the following words to sum up his life: John D. Rockefeller John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history. Rockefeller was born into a large family in upstate New York and was shaped by his con man father and religious mother. His family moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland, Ohio. Rockefeller became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into a business partnership with Maurice\",\n \"title\": \"John D. Rockefeller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1563317\",\n \"text\": \"to the total national GDP of $24 billion then. His wealth continued to grow significantly (in line with U.S. economic growth) after as the demand for gasoline soared, eventually reaching about $900 million on the eve of the First World War, including significant interests in banking, shipping, mining, railroads, and other industries. According to the New York Times obituary, \\\"it was estimated after Mr. Rockefeller retired from business that he had accumulated close to $1,500,000,000 out of the earnings of the Standard Oil trust and out of his other investments. This was probably the greatest amount of wealth that any\",\n \"title\": \"John D. Rockefeller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"343716\",\n \"text\": \"President to visit Israel. At the time Nixon took office in 1969, inflation was at 4.7 percent—its highest rate since the Korean War. The Great Society had been enacted under Johnson, which, together with the Vietnam War costs, was causing large budget deficits. Unemployment was low, but interest rates were at their highest in a century. Nixon's major economic goal was to reduce inflation; the most obvious means of doing so was to end the war. This could not be accomplished overnight, and the U.S. economy continued to struggle through 1970, contributing to a lackluster Republican performance in the midterm\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Nixon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10475567\",\n \"text\": \"the American social elite made the trip: real estate builder, businessman, and multimillionaire Colonel John Jacob Astor IV and his 18-year-old pregnant wife Madeleine were returning to the United States for their child's birth. Astor was the wealthiest passenger aboard the ship and one of the richest men in the world; his great-grandfather John Jacob Astor was the first multimillionaire in America. Among others were industrialist magnate and millionaire Benjamin Guggenheim; Macy's department store owner and former member of the United States House of Representatives, Isidor Straus and his wife Ida; George Dennick Wick, founder and president of Youngstown Sheet\",\n \"title\": \"Passengers of the RMS Titanic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1563248\",\n \"text\": \"1911 that Standard Oil must be dismantled for violation of federal anti-trust laws. It was broken up into 34 separate entities which included companies that became ExxonMobil, Chevron Corporation, and others—some of which still have the highest level of revenue in the world. Individual pieces of the company were worth more than the whole, as shares of these doubled and tripled in value in their early years, and Rockefeller became the country's first billionaire with a fortune worth nearly 2% of the national economy. His peak net worth was estimated at US$ (in dollars; inflation-adjusted) in 1913. Rockefeller spent the\",\n \"title\": \"John D. Rockefeller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1437458\",\n \"text\": \"death) were taken and applied in that same proportion in 2007. This would make him the second-wealthiest person in United States history, after Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller (1839–1937). Another calculation, from 1998, puts him in third place, after Andrew Carnegie. In 1999, Cornelius Vanderbilt was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame, recognizing his significant contributions to the railroad industry. He was inducted in the \\\"Railway Workers & Builders: North America\\\" category. Cornelius Vanderbilt was buried in the family vault in the Moravian Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island. He was later reburied in a\",\n \"title\": \"Cornelius Vanderbilt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17164080\",\n \"text\": \"the year by \\\"The New Yorker\\\", the \\\"Financial Times\\\", the \\\"Christian Science Monitor\\\", the \\\"Boston Globe\\\", and the \\\"Philadelphia Inquirer\\\". Additional reviews were offered by \\\"Foreign Affairs\\\" magazine, the \\\"Washington Post\\\", the \\\"New York Times Book Review\\\", the \\\"New York Times\\\", and \\\"Newsweek\\\". The First Tycoon The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt is a 2009 biography of Cornelius Vanderbilt, a 19th-century American industrialist and philanthropist who built his fortune in the shipping and railroad industries, becoming one of the wealthiest Americans in the history of the U.S. It was written by American biographer T. J. Stiles. The\",\n \"title\": \"The First Tycoon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2420738\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Volcker Paul Adolph Volcker Jr. (; born September 5, 1927) is an American economist. He was Chairman of the Federal Reserve under Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan from August 1979 to August 1987. He is widely credited with ending the high levels of inflation seen in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s. He was the chairman of the Economic Recovery Advisory Board under President Barack Obama from February 2009 until January 2011. Volcker was born in Cape May, New Jersey, the son of Alma Louise (née Klippel) and Paul Adolph Volcker. All his grandparents were\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Volcker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2420744\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan renominated Volcker to a second term in 1983. Inflation emerged as an economic and political challenge in the United States during the 1970s. The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve board, led by Volcker, were widely credited with curbing the rate of inflation and expectations that inflation would continue. US inflation, which peaked at 14.8 percent in March 1980, fell below 3 percent by 1983. The Federal Reserve board led by Volcker raised the federal funds rate, which had averaged 11.2% in 1979, to a peak of 20% in June 1981. The prime rate rose to 21.5% in\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Volcker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1965470\",\n \"text\": \"reduction of interest rates and an expansion of the money supply, in effect subordinating concern about inflation (which now seemed under control) to concern about unemployment and declining investment. By the middle of 1983, unemployment fell from 11 percent in 1982 to 8.2 percent. GDP growth was 3.3 percent, the highest since the mid-1970s. Inflation was below 5 percent. When the economy recovered, Ronald Reagan declared it was Morning in America. Housing starts boomed, the automobile industry recovered its vitality, and consumer spending achieved new heights. Blue-collar workers were, however, mostly left behind in the economic boom years of the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States (1980–1991)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"739871\",\n \"text\": \"hostage crisis. Ronald Reagan produced a major realignment with his 1980 and 1984 landslide elections. Reagan's economic policies (dubbed \\\"Reaganomics\\\") and the implementation of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 lowered the top marginal tax rate from 70% to 28% over the course of seven years. Reagan continued to downsize government taxation and regulation. The U.S. experienced a recession in 1982, but the negative indicators reversed, with the inflation rate decreasing from 11% to 2%, the unemployment rate decreasing from 10.8% in December 1982 to 7.5% in November 1984, and the economic growth rate increasing from 4.5% to 7.2%.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4283523\",\n \"text\": \"to become one of the key men in John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Trust. He invested heavily in various industries, including copper, steel, mining, and railways. The Virginian Railway is widely considered his final life's achievement. Rogers amassed a great fortune, estimated at over $100 million, and became one of the wealthiest men in the United States. Abbie and Henry Rogers were generous, providing many public works for their hometown of Fairhaven, including the Town Hall which Abbie donated in 1894 shortly before her death. Rogers also financially assisted such notables as Mark Twain, Helen Keller, and Booker T. Washington.\",\n \"title\": \"Abbie G. Rogers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6683525\",\n \"text\": \"The United States purchased the U.S. Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917. Rapid economic development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries fostered the rise of many prominent industrialists. Tycoons like Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie led the nation's progress in railroad, petroleum, and steel industries. Banking became a major part of the economy, with J. P. Morgan playing a notable role. Edison and Tesla undertook the widespread distribution of electricity to industry, homes, and for street lighting. Henry Ford revolutionized the automotive industry. The American economy boomed, becoming the world's largest, and the United States\",\n \"title\": \"United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12287563\",\n \"text\": \"Index, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services in the United States. It reflects inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses. A graph showing the U.S. CPI relative to 1982–1984 and the annual year-over-year change in CPI is shown at right. The value of the U.S. dollar declined significantly during wartime, especially during the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II. The Federal Reserve, which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an \\\"elastic\\\" currency subject to \\\"substantial changes of quantity\",\n \"title\": \"United States dollar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4614825\",\n \"text\": \"George Fisher Baker George Fisher Baker (March 27, 1840 – May 2, 1931) was a U.S. financier and philanthropist. Known as the \\\"Dean of American Banking,\\\" Baker was known for his silence in public. He made a huge fortune after the Civil War in railroads and banking, and at his death he was estimated to be the third richest man in the United States, after Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller. Baker was born in Troy, New York, to Eveline Stevens Baker and George Ellis Baker, a shoe-store owner who was elected in 1850 on the Whig ticket to the\",\n \"title\": \"George Fisher Baker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2349873\",\n \"text\": \"uncertainty and anxiety\\\" shared by Canadians. The Bank of Canada reported on economic problems that were accelerated and magnified. Inflation was most commonly between 9 and 10 percent annually and prime interest rates over 10 percent. Historically, the United States had been by far the world's largest oil producer, and the world oil market had been dominated by a small number of giant multinational (mostly American) oil companies (the so-called \\\"Seven Sisters of oil\\\": Standard Oil of New Jersey, alias Exxon (US); Standard Oil of New York, alias Mobil (US/UK); Standard Oil of California, alias Chevron (US), Gulf Oil, now\",\n \"title\": \"National Energy Program\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"739816\",\n \"text\": \"that this age was corrupted by such elements as land speculators, scandalous politics, and unethical business practices. Since the days of Charles A. Beard and Matthew Josephson, some historians have argued that the United States was effectively plutocratic for at least part of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. As financiers and industrialists such as J.P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller began to amass vast fortunes, many U.S. observers were concerned that the nation was losing its pioneering egalitarian spirit. By 1890 American industrial production and per capita income exceeded those of all other world nations. In response to heavy\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13595539\",\n \"text\": \"D. Rockefeller and Henry Ford. While he served as Secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department his wealth peaked at around US$300–US$400 million. Personal income-tax receipts rose from US$719 million in 1921 to over US$1 billion in 1929, an average increase of 4.2% per year over an 8-year period, which supporters attribute to the rate cut. David Hume also expressed similar arguments in his essay \\\"Of Taxes\\\" in 1756, as did fellow Scottish economist Adam Smith, twenty years later. The Democratic party made a similar argument in the 1880s when high revenue from import tariffs raised during the Civil War (1861–1865)\",\n \"title\": \"Laffer curve\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739121\",\n \"text\": \"of the United States was set up in 1816, and after that the financial system performed very well, even though there was still a shortage of gold and silver. The economy grew every year 1812-1815, despite a large loss of business by East Coast shipping interests. Wartime inflation averaged 4.8% a year. The national economy grew 1812-1815 at the rate of 3.7% a year, after accounting for inflation. Per capita GDP grew at 2.2% a year, after accounting for inflation. Money that would have been spent on imports—mostly cloth—was diverted to opening new factories, which were profitable since British cloth\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2086988\",\n \"text\": \"period. These families sometimes known as American gentry produced several Founding Fathers of the United States and a number of early U.S. Presidents including George Washington, who with an estimated net worth of $525 million (in 2016 dollars) due to his vast holdings of land and slaves, was the wealthiest man to hold the office prior to the election of billionaire Donald Trump in 2016. During the early 20th century, the upper-upper class were seen as more prestigious than the nouveau riche.During the late 19th century and early 20th century the nouveau rich flaunted their wealth by building Gilded Age\",\n \"title\": \"Old money\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739266\",\n \"text\": \"recovered at a brisk pace from the 1973–75 recession. Incoming president Jimmy Carter instituted a large fiscal stimulus package in 1977 in order to boost the economy. However, inflation began a steep rise beginning in late 1978, and rose by double digits following the 1979 energy crisis. In order to combat inflation, Carter appointed Paul Volcker to the Federal Reserve, who raised interest rates and caused a sharp recession in the first six months of 1980. In March 1980, Carter introduced his own policies for reducing inflation, and the Federal Reserve brought down interest rates to cooperate with the initiatives.\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3394510\",\n \"text\": \"price controls were again established, this time under the OPS (Office of Price Stabilization). In the early 1970s, inflation had been much higher than in previous decades, getting above 6% briefly in 1970 and persisting above 4% in 1971. U.S. President Richard Nixon imposed price controls on August 15, 1971. This was a move widely applauded by the public and a number of Keynesian economists. The 90-day freeze was unprecedented in peacetime, but such drastic measures were thought necessary. Also motivating the controls, on the same date that the controls were imposed, 15 August 1971, Nixon also suspended the convertibility\",\n \"title\": \"Incomes policy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2391009\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Pax Britannica\\\" of the late 19th century and the \\\"Pax Romana\\\" of the first. (\\\"See\\\" Globalism) After the end of World War II, the U.S. held $26 billion in gold reserves, of an estimated total of $40 billion (approx 65%). As world trade increased rapidly through the 1950s, the size of the gold base increased by only a few percentage points. In 1950, the U.S. balance of payments swung negative. The first U.S. response to the crisis was in the late 1950s when the Eisenhower administration placed import quotas on oil and other restrictions on trade outflows. More drastic\",\n \"title\": \"Bretton Woods system\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9630649\",\n \"text\": \"Four years after Meltzer's comment, with the Fed's quantitative easing program still continuing, US inflation as measured by the consumer price index (CPI-U) was running at a year-on-year rate of 1.4%, while expected inflation over a 10-year period, as estimated by the Cleveland Federal Reserve, was running at around 1.55%. Meltzer's argument that nobody had expected the lack of inflation has been challenged by Paul Krugman. Meltzer's study \\\"A History of the Federal Reserve\\\" is considered the most comprehensive history of the central bank. Volume I covers the years from the creation of the Fed in 1913 until the accord\",\n \"title\": \"Allan H. Meltzer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"469369\",\n \"text\": \"(18 countries under a single market) came into effect. In the US, the average annual inflation rate from 1900 to 1970 was approximately 2.5%. From 1970–1979, however, the average rate was 7.06%, and topped out at 13.29% in December 1979. This period is also known for \\\"stagflation\\\", a phenomenon in which inflation and unemployment steadily increased. It led to double-digit interest rates that rose to unprecedented levels (above 12% per year). The prime rate hit 21.5 in December 1980, the highest in history. A rising cost of housing was reflected in the average price of a new home in the\",\n \"title\": \"1970s\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739114\",\n \"text\": \"States contracted by about 34 percent with prices falling by 33 percent. The magnitude of this contraction is matched only by the Great Depression. A fundamental cause of the Panic of 1837 was depletion of Mexican silver mines. Despite the deflation and depression, GDP rose 16 percent from 1839 to 1843, partly because of rapid population growth. In order to dampen speculation in land, Andrew Jackson signed the executive order known as the Specie Circular in 1836, requiring sale of government land to be paid in gold and silver. Branch mints at New Orleans; Dahlonega, Georgia; and Charlotte, North Carolina,\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4872789\",\n \"text\": \"Internal Improvement Fund land for 25 cents per acre, an agreement which became a formal contract on June 1, 1881. Disston signed the contract on June 14 and \\\"The New York Times\\\" described the transaction with, \\\"What is claimed to be the largest purchase of land ever made by a single person in the world\\\". It made him the largest landowner in the United States. On December 17, 1881, Disston sold two million acres (8,000 km²) of his land to English Member of Parliament, Sir Edward James Reed, for $600,000. While some in Florida disapproved of the sale for giving\",\n \"title\": \"Hamilton Disston\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739263\",\n \"text\": \"the nation, and the government experimented with wage and price controls under President Nixon. The Bretton Woods Agreement collapsed in 1971–1972, and President Nixon closed the gold window at the Federal Reserve, taking the United States entirely off the gold standard. President Gerald Ford introduced the slogan, \\\"Whip Inflation Now\\\" (WIN). In 1974, productivity shrunk by 1.5%, though this soon recovered. In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the Presidency. Carter would later take much of the blame for the even more turbulent economic times to come, though some say circumstances were outside his control. Inflation continued to climb skyward. Productivity growth\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"694863\",\n \"text\": \"felonies – three counts of stock parking and three counts of stock manipulation. It also agreed to pay a fine of $650 million – at the time, the largest fine ever levied under securities laws. Milken left the firm after his own indictment in March 1989. On February 13, 1990, after being advised by United States Secretary of the Treasury Nicholas F. Brady, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the New York Stock Exchange, and the Federal Reserve, Drexel Burnham Lambert officially filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The combination of decreasing interest rates, loosening lending standards, and regulatory\",\n \"title\": \"Leveraged buyout\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1965402\",\n \"text\": \"recession, Nixon reversed course and adopted an expansionary monetary and fiscal policy. In \\\"Phase III\\\", the strict wage and price controls were lifted. As a result, inflation resumed its upward spiral. The administration largely remained aloof; practically all press conferences and public statements by the White House dealt with foreign policy issues despite Gallup polls showing that the state of the economy was of concern to 80% of Americans. Connally stepped down as Treasury Secretary in 1973 and Secretary of Labor George Schultz took over the post. The administration's continued preoccupation with foreign policy matters stood in stark contrast to\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States (1964–1980)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739215\",\n \"text\": \"1906 ended the expansion from the late 1890s. This was followed by the Panic of 1907. The Panic of 1907 was a factor in the establishment of the Federal Reserve Bank in 1913. The mild inflation of the 1890s, attributed to the rising gold supply from mining, continued until World War I, at which time inflation rose sharply with wartime shortages including labor shortages. Following the war the rate of inflation fell, but prices remained above the prewar level. The U.S. economy prospered during World War I, partly due to sales of war goods to Europe. The stock market had\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11331551\",\n \"text\": \"Both men denied the accusation. Soon in the fall, the economy began to improve. Unemployment was finally dropping and inflation was staying relatively in control. America had temporarily gotten out of the recession. Unfortunately inflation soon increased after the election. When the failed wage and price controls were lifted, other problems took their toll on the American economy. An expanded money supply, the effects of increased deficits and the rising price of oil all left their mark on the American economy. By 1973 inflation increased 8.8 percent, then 12.2 percent in the following year. Nixonomics Nixonomics, a portmanteau of the\",\n \"title\": \"Nixonomics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"540102\",\n \"text\": \"Carolyn, and Katherine). , the Perots had 16 grandchildren. With an estimated net worth of about US$4.1 billion in 2017, he is ranked by \\\"Forbes\\\" as the 167th-richest person in the United States. United States presidential election, 1992 United States presidential election, 1996 Ross Perot Henry Ross Perot (; born June 27, 1930) is an American business magnate and former politician. As the founder of the successful Electronic Data Systems corporation, he became a billionaire. He ran an independent presidential campaign in 1992 and a third party campaign in 1996, establishing the Reform Party in the latter election. Both campaigns\",\n \"title\": \"Ross Perot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11848020\",\n \"text\": \"expectations, came in the Fifties and Sixties, when the median U.S. family income (adjusted to 2001 price levels) went up from $14,832 in 1950 to $27,338 in 1970. The rising prosperity was, however, halted by the inflation of the Seventies, which carried prices aloft more rapidly than wages and thus caused real income levels to stagnate for more than a decade. The median in 2000 was only $27,735, barely an improvement from 1970. As noted by the British historian and journalist Godfrey Hodgson, \\\"On the basis of such evidence I myself have written that “by all statistical measures . .\",\n \"title\": \"Middle-class squeeze\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"438030\",\n \"text\": \"depression years, a surge in prosperity, a demand for suburban single-family homes (as opposed to inner city apartments) and new optimism about the future. The boom crested about 1957, then slowly declined. A period of high inflation, interest rates and unemployment after 1973 weakened confidence in fiscal policy as a tool for regulating the overall pace of economic activity. The U.S. economy grew by an average of 3.8% from 1946 to 1973, while real median household income surged 74% (or 2.1% a year). The worst recession in recent decades, in terms of lost output, occurred during the financial crisis of\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10578191\",\n \"text\": \"Oliver Hazard Payne Oliver Hazard Payne (July 21, 1839 – June 27, 1917) was an American businessman, organizer of the American Tobacco trust, and assisted with the formation of U.S. Steel, and was affiliated with Standard Oil. He is considered one of the 100 wealthiest Americans, having left an enormous fortune. Oliver Hazard Payne was born on July 21, 1839 in Cleveland, Ohio. He was the son of Henry B. Payne, a businessman, U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator, and Mary (née Perry) Payne. He was named for Oliver Hazard Perry, a relative of his mother. He was the uncle of\",\n \"title\": \"Oliver Hazard Payne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5870732\",\n \"text\": \"Sarah Mellon Sarah Cordelia Mellon (1903–1965) was the daughter of Jennie (King) and Richard B. Mellon, and the niece of Andrew W. Mellon (Secretary of the Treasury during the Great Depression). She was one of the heirs to the Mellon fortune, including Mellon Bank and major investments in Gulf Oil and Alcoa. In 1957, when \\\"Fortune\\\" prepared its first list of the wealthiest Americans, it estimated that Sarah Mellon, her brother Richard King Mellon, and her cousins Ailsa Mellon-Bruce and Paul Mellon were all amongst the richest eight people in the United States, with fortunes of between 400 and 700\",\n \"title\": \"Sarah Mellon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4614834\",\n \"text\": \"Jekyl Island near Brunswick, Georgia and had an estate in Tuxedo Park, New York. George Fisher Baker George Fisher Baker (March 27, 1840 – May 2, 1931) was a U.S. financier and philanthropist. Known as the \\\"Dean of American Banking,\\\" Baker was known for his silence in public. He made a huge fortune after the Civil War in railroads and banking, and at his death he was estimated to be the third richest man in the United States, after Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller. Baker was born in Troy, New York, to Eveline Stevens Baker and George Ellis Baker,\",\n \"title\": \"George Fisher Baker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1965469\",\n \"text\": \"Director David Stockman, an ardent fiscal conservative, wrote, \\\"I knew the Reagan Revolution was impossible--it was a metaphor with no anchor in political and economic reality.\\\" Unemployment reached a peak of 11% in late 1982, after which recovery began. A factor in the recovery from the worst periods of 1982-83 was the radical drop in oil prices due to increased production levels of the mid-1980s, which ended inflationary pressures on fuel prices. The virtual collapse of the OPEC cartel enabled the administration to alter its tight money policies, to the consternation of conservative monetarist economists, who began pressing for a\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States (1980–1991)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3183763\",\n \"text\": \"he sometimes used meetings to suggest compromises and pressure \\\"recalcitrants\\\" toward a unanimous vote. Economic historians have generally considered Miller's short tenure unsuccessful. The high inflation that Miller did not rein in required harsh \\\"shock therapy\\\" treatment by his successor, Paul Volcker, to bring inflation under control. That action sent the U.S. economy into recession from 1980 to 1982. Steven Beckner, a Federal Reserve analyst, offered a particularly harsh assessment: Miller was Fed chairman for just over a year when Carter appointed him Secretary of the Treasury in August 1979, replacing Michael Blumenthal as part of a major cabinet shuffle\",\n \"title\": \"G. William Miller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739258\",\n \"text\": \"payrolls had risen to high levels during World War II and had been cut back only slowly; the highest rates for individuals reached the 90% level. Congress cut tax rates in 1964. President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963–69) dreamed of creating a \\\"Great Society\\\", and began many new social programs to that end, such as Medicaid and Medicare. After the Cold War began in 1947, and especially after the Korean War began in 1950, the government adopted a strategy in NSC 68 military spending. Economists examined how much this \\\"military Keynesianism\\\" stimulated the economy. President Eisenhower feared that excessive military spending\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3822589\",\n \"text\": \"John Doerr L. John Doerr (born June 29, 1951) is an American Investor and venture capitalist at Kleiner Perkins in Menlo Park, California. In February 2009, Doerr was appointed a member of the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board to provide the President and his administration with advice and counsel in trying to fix America's economic downturn. , \\\"Forbes\\\" ranked Doerr as the 105th richest person in the United States and the 303rd richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$ 7.5 billion as of February 16, 2018. Doerr is the author of \\\"Measure What Matters,\\\" a book\",\n \"title\": \"John Doerr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7458392\",\n \"text\": \"in the black. The 1950s was a period of economic expansion in the United States, and the gross national product jumped from $355.3 billion in 1950 to $487.7 billion in 1960. Unemployment rates were also generally low, except for in 1958. There were three recessions during Eisenhower's administration—July 1953 through May 1954, August 1957 through April 1958, and April 1960 through February 1961, caused by the Federal Reserve clamping down too tight on the money supply, in an effort to wring out the lingering wartime inflation out of the economy. Meanwhile, federal spending as a percentage of GDP fell from\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11732084\",\n \"text\": \"the same time lowering taxes and marginal tax rates, Reagan's approach to handling the economy marked a significant departure from that of many of his predecessor's Keynesian policies. Milton Friedman, the monetarist economist who was an intellectual architect of free-market policies, was a primary influence on Reagan. When Reagan entered office, the country faced the highest rate of inflation since 1947 (average annual rate of 13.5% in 1980), and interest rates as high as 13% (the Fed funds rate in Dec. 1980). These were considered the nation's principal economic problems and were all considered components of \\\"stagflation.\\\" Reagan sought to\",\n \"title\": \"Domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10125070\",\n \"text\": \"request to assemble a 500,000-man army, but initially resisted raising taxes to pay for the war. After the Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run, Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1861, which imposed the first federal income tax in U.S. history. The act created a flat tax of three percent on incomes above $800 ($ in current dollar terms). This taxation of income reflected the increasing amount of wealth held in stocks and bonds rather than property, which the federal government had taxed in the past. As the average urban worker made approximately $600 per year, the\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2691796\",\n \"text\": \"remained the financial center of the world until 1914, yet the United States' growth caused foreigners to ask, as British author W. T. Stead wrote in 1901, \\\"What is the secret of American success?\\\" The businessmen of the Second Industrial Revolution created industrial towns and cities in the Northeast with new factories, and hired an ethnically diverse industrial working class, many of them new immigrants from Europe. Wealthy industrialists and financiers such as John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, Henry Clay Frick, Andrew W. Mellon, Andrew Carnegie, Henry Flagler, Henry H. Rogers, J. P. Morgan, Leland Stanford, Meyer Guggenheim, Jacob Schiff,\",\n \"title\": \"Gilded Age\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739116\",\n \"text\": \"absolved Jackson's policies, and blamed international events beyond American control, such as conditions in Mexico, China and Britain. A survey of economic historians in 1995 show that the vast majority concur with Temin's conclusion that \\\"the inflation and financial crisis of the 1830s had their origin in events largely beyond President Jackson's control and would have taken place whether or not he had acted as he did vis-a-vis the Second Bank of the U.S.\\\" The War of 1812 was financed by borrowing, by new issues of private bank notes and by an inflation in prices of 15%. The government was\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2618507\",\n \"text\": \"A-list actor, for example, might not be accorded as much prestige as a former U.S. President, yet all members of this class are so influential and wealthy as to be considered members of the upper class. At the pinnacle of U.S wealth, 2004 saw a dramatic increase in the numbers of billionaires. According to \\\"Forbes Magazine\\\", there are now 374 U.S. billionaires. The growth in billionaires took a dramatic leap since the early 1980s, when the average net worth of the individuals on the Forbes 400 list was $400 million. Today, the average net worth is $2.8 billion. Wal-Mart Walton\",\n \"title\": \"Upper class\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739216\",\n \"text\": \"its best year in history in 1916. The U.S. gold reserves doubled between 1913 and 1918, causing the price level to rise. Interest rates had been held low to minimize interest on war bonds, but after the final war bonds were sold in 1919, the Federal Reserve raised the discount rate from 4% to 6%. Interest rates rose and the money supply contracted. The economy entered the Depression of 1920-21, which was a sharp decline financially. By 1923, the economy had returned to full employment. A debt-fueled boom developed following the war. Jerome (1934) gives an unattributed quote about finance\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5325844\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Il Fortino\\\", on Italy's isle of Capri. By 1929, Williams had accumulated a fortune estimated at a $680 million (equivalent of about $ billion in 2018) in public utilities, making him the wealthiest man in the country. He also began a business partnership with Waddill Catchings of Goldman Sachs & Co. In 1937 he was investigated regarding investment trusts by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Also that year he began an affair with Coco Chanel. Williams died at Bayville in 1953. in 1955 his widow married her secretary, Count Albrecht \\\"Eddy\\\" Von Bismarck, thus becoming the Countess Von Bismarck. She\",\n \"title\": \"Harrison Williams (entrepreneur)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2896800\",\n \"text\": \"about $900 million over his lifetime. The combined personal and social connections of the various family members are vast, both in America and throughout the world, including the most powerful politicians, royalty, public figures, and chief businessmen. Notable figures through Standard Oil alone have included Henry Flagler and Henry H. Rogers. Contemporary figures include Henry Kissinger, Richard Parsons (Chairman and CEO of Time Warner), C. Fred Bergsten, Peter G. Peterson (Senior Chairman of the Blackstone Group), and Paul Volcker. In 1991 the family was presented with the Honor Award from the National Building Museum for four generations worth of preserving\",\n \"title\": \"Rockefeller family\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5282608\",\n \"text\": \"Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards. Paul Mellon Paul Mellon (June 11, 1907 – February 1, 1999) was an American philanthropist and an owner/breeder of thoroughbred racehorses. He is one of only five people ever designated an \\\"Exemplar of Racing\\\" by the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. He was co-heir to one of America's greatest business fortunes, derived from the Mellon Bank created by his grandfather Thomas Mellon, his father Andrew W. Mellon, and his father's brother Richard B. Mellon. In 1957, when \\\"Fortune\\\" prepared its first list of the wealthiest Americans, it estimated\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Mellon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2474531\",\n \"text\": \"as well as newspaper publishing. Their dominance was known as the Second Industrial Revolution, the Gilded Age, or the Robber Baron Era. Examples of well-known business magnates in the western world include historical figures such as oilman John D. Rockefeller, automobile pioneer Henry Ford, shipping and railroad veterans Aristotle Onassis, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jay Gould, and James J. Hill, steel innovator Andrew Carnegie, newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst, retail merchant Sam Walton, and banker J. P. Morgan. Contemporary industrial tycoons include e-commerce entrepreneur Jeff Bezos, real estate developer Donald Trump, investor Warren Buffett, computer programmer Bill Gates, technology innovator Steve Jobs,\",\n \"title\": \"Business magnate\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1488033\",\n \"text\": \"J. Paul Getty Jean Paul Getty (; December 15, 1892 – June 6, 1976), known widely as J. Paul Getty, was a British American petrol-industrialist, and the patriarch of the Getty family. He founded the Getty Oil Company, and in 1957 \\\"Fortune\\\" magazine named him the richest living American, while the 1966 \\\"Guinness Book of Records\\\" named him as the world's richest private citizen, worth an estimated $1.2 billion (approximately $ billion in 2018). At his death, he was worth more than $6 billion (approximately $ billion in 2018). A book published in 1996 ranked him as the 67th richest\",\n \"title\": \"J. Paul Getty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13543559\",\n \"text\": \"early 1948 to early 1950, leading to a decline in the imports fueling industrial growth and to recession. Short of central bank reserves, Perón was forced to borrow US$125 million from the U.S. Export-Import Bank to cover a number of private banks' debts to U.S. institutions, without which their insolvency would have become a central bank liability. Austerity and better harvests in 1950 helped finance a recovery in 1951; but inflation, having risen from 13% in 1948 to 31% in 1949, reached 50% in late 1951 before stabilizing, and a second, sharper recession soon followed. Workers' purchasing power, by 1952,\",\n \"title\": \"Juan Perón\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3270628\",\n \"text\": \"By the summer of 1979 inflation had reached 14 percent, with unemployment in some cities running close to 25 percent. Much of the increase had to do with OPEC raising oil prices. During this period, the U.S. dollar was also a target of one of the largest currency speculations in history by countries including Germany and Japan, whose currencies were rapidly appreciating against the dollar. In February 1979, Blumenthal represented the U.S. in its first visit to China by an American Cabinet officer following America's official recognition of their Communist government, which China had proclaimed in 1949. Until that time,\",\n \"title\": \"W. Michael Blumenthal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2691798\",\n \"text\": \"million to various charities, slightly over half his entire net worth. Nevertheless, many business leaders were influenced by Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism, which justified \\\"laissez-faire\\\" capitalism, ruthless competition and social stratification. This emerging industrial economy quickly expanded to meet the new market demands. From 1869 to 1879, the U.S. economy grew at a rate of 6.8% for NNP (GDP minus capital depreciation) and 4.5% for NNP per capita. The economy repeated this period of growth in the 1880s, in which the wealth of the nation grew at an annual rate of 3.8%, while the GDP was also doubled.\",\n \"title\": \"Gilded Age\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"739815\",\n \"text\": \"wounded Indians must be very much higher than the given... Fifty percent additional would be a safe estimate... The \\\"Gilded Age\\\" was a term that Mark Twain used to describe the period of the late 19th century with a dramatic expansion of American wealth and prosperity, underscored by the mass corruption in the government. Reforms of the Age included the Civil Service Act, which mandated a competitive examination for applicants for government jobs. Other important legislation included the Interstate Commerce Act, which ended railroads' discrimination against small shippers, and the Sherman Antitrust Act, which outlawed monopolies in business. Twain believed\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739268\",\n \"text\": \"annually in 1980 to just 3% annually in 1983 due to a short recession and the Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker's tighter control of the money supply and interest rates. Real GDP began to grow after contracting in 1980 and 1982. The unemployment rate continued to rise to a peak of 10.8% by late 1982, but dropped well under 6% unemployment at the end of Reagan's presidency in January 1989. 20 million jobs were created under Reagan's presidency – which were made up of 82 percent high-paying and long-term jobs. From 1982 to 1987 the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16452671\",\n \"text\": \"wealthiest man to ever hold the office until the election of Donald Trump in 2016 according to valuations of his putative assets. He was a commercial farmer much interested in innovations, and happily quit his public duties in 1783 and again in 1797 to manage his plantation at Mount Vernon. Washington lived an upper-class lifestyle—fox hunting was a favorite leisure activity enjoyed by gentry, worldwide. Like most planters in Virginia, Washington imported luxury items and other fine wares from England. He paid for them by exporting his tobacco crop. Extravagant spending and the unpredictability of the tobacco market meant that\",\n \"title\": \"American gentry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"355728\",\n \"text\": \"debt rose from 26% GDP in 1980 to 41% GDP by 1988. In dollar terms, the public debt rose from $712 billion in 1980 to $2.052 trillion in 1988, a roughly three-fold increase. The unemployment rate rose from 7% in 1980 to 11% in 1982, then declined to 5% in 1988. The inflation rate declined from 10% in 1980 to 4% in 1988. Some economists have stated that Reagan's policies were an important part of bringing about the third longest peacetime economic expansion in U.S. history. During the Reagan administration, real GDP growth averaged 3.5%, compared to 2.9% during the\",\n \"title\": \"Reaganomics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739231\",\n \"text\": \"entirely. The Feds started to spend more when President Roosevelt came in to office as the federal government doubled income tax rates in 1932. Total government tax revenues as a percentage of GDP shot up from 10.8% in 1929 to 16.6% in 1933. Higher tax rates tended to reduce consumption and aggregate demand. Spending would go up and America would get out of the great depression when World War II happened after Japan’s attack on American forces in Pearl Harbor in December of 1941 led to much sharper increases in government purchases, and the economy pushed quickly into an inflationary\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1965397\",\n \"text\": \"face stiff competition in the U.S. domestic market by foreign producers who had more modern factories and higher-quality products. Inflation had been an extremely gentle 3% a year from 1949 to 1969, but as the 70s unfolded, this began to change and the cost of energy and consumer products began to steadily climb. In addition to the increased manufacturing competition from Europe and Japan, the US faced other difficulties due to the general complacency that set in during the years of prosperity. Many Americans assumed the good times would last forever and there was little attempt at investing in infrastructure\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States (1964–1980)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12363900\",\n \"text\": \"Farouk I, Aga Khan III, Prince Aly Khan, Juan Manuel Fangio, Stirling Moss, Charlton Heston, Aristotle Onassis, Maria Callas, Evita Peron, Marlon Brando, James Dean, Bill Haley, Elvis Presley, Colonel Tom Parker, Pele, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro John F. Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy, Elizabeth Taylor, Sean Connery, Christine Keeler, John Profumo, Sammy Davis, Jr., Peter Sellers, Steve McQueen, Rudolph Nureyev, Yuri Gagarin, Lee Harvey Oswald, Jack Ruby, Lyndon B. Johnson, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Brian Epstein, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Yoko Ono, Bob Dylan, Che Guevara, William Calley, Muhammad Ali, Martin Luther King, Robert Kennedy, Jane Fonda, Leonid Brezhnev, William Shatner,\",\n \"title\": \"Fame in the 20th Century\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9911152\",\n \"text\": \"John E. Anderson John Edward Anderson (September 12, 1917 – July 29, 2011) was an American billionaire businessman, the president and owner of Topa Equities, Ltd. Anderson oversaw more than 40 wholly owned subsidiaries in agriculture, automotive dealerships, insurance, real estate, oil, and wholesale beverage distribution. In 2006, he was ranked #189 on the \\\"Forbes\\\" magazine list of the 400 richest Americans, with a net worth of $1.9 billion. He made charitable donations to the University of California, Los Angeles, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and other Southern California educational institutions during his lifetime. Anderson died from pneumonia at the Ronald\",\n \"title\": \"John E. Anderson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1919320\",\n \"text\": \"the strikes failed. The unions held on to their gains among machinists, textile workers, and seamen, and in such industries as food and clothing, but overall membership fell back to 3.5 million, where it stagnated until the New Deal passed the Wagner Act in 1935. Real earnings (after taking inflation, unemployment, and short hours into account) of all employees doubled over 1918–45. Setting 1918 as 100, the index went to 112 in 1923, 122 in 1929, 81 in 1933 (the low point of the depression), 116 in 1940, and 198 in 1945. The bubble of the late 1920s was reflected\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States (1918–1945)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7901513\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Rainwater Richard Edward Rainwater (June 15, 1944 – September 27, 2015) was an American investor and fund manager, with many investments in the petroleum industry. He was one of the richest people in the world, with an estimated net worth of $3 billion. Between 2009 and his death in 2015, he suffered a rare neurodegenerative disease, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The son of a wholesale grocer, Rainwater grew up in Fort Worth, Texas. He is of Lebanese roots. He graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a degree in mathematics, where he was a member of the\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Rainwater\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10561781\",\n \"text\": \"Accounting Principles Board (USA), the Financial Standards Board (USA), and the Accounting Standards Steering Committee (UK). Sweeney advocated using a price index that covers everything in the gross national product. In March 1979, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) wrote \\\"Constant Dollar Accounting\\\", which advocated using the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) to adjust accounts because it is calculated every month. During the Great Depression, some corporations restated their financial statements to reflect inflation. At times during the past 50 years, standard-setting organizations have encouraged companies to supplement cost-based financial statements with price-level adjusted statements. During a\",\n \"title\": \"Inflation accounting\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"342858\",\n \"text\": \"there is no consensus regarding a single source for the crash. In order to cover newly spawned federal budget deficits, the United States borrowed heavily both domestically and abroad, raising the national debt from $997 billion to $2.85 trillion. Reagan described the new debt as the \\\"greatest disappointment\\\" of his presidency. He reappointed Paul Volcker as Chairman of the Federal Reserve, and in 1987 he appointed monetarist Alan Greenspan to succeed him. Reagan ended the price controls on domestic oil that had contributed to the energy crises of 1973–74 and the summer of 1979. The price of oil subsequently dropped,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19013189\",\n \"text\": \"of Enno Ercklentz Jr. and Mai Harrison) at Bethesda-by-the-Sea, Palm Beach, Florida, in 2005. She was featured in the film, \\\"Born Rich\\\", a 2003 documentary about growing up in the world's richest families. They reside on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. In 2008, they bought an entire floor of a Fifth Avenue building from Veronica Hearst, the daughter-in-law of William Randolph Hearst, for US$36.5 million. Chase Coleman III Charles Payson \\\"Chase\\\" Coleman III (born June 1975) is an American financial investor and the founder of Tiger Global Management. Coleman grew up in Glen Head, Long\",\n \"title\": \"Chase Coleman III\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6350789\",\n \"text\": \"San Marcos Baptist Academy announced a $1 million gift from Joe Jamail to help establish a fund to build a special event center on the Academy campus in memory of Jamail’s wife, Lee, who graduated from San Marcos Academy in 1944. Joe Jamail Joseph Dahr Jamail Jr. (October 19, 1925 – December 23, 2015) was an American attorney and billionaire. The wealthiest practicing attorney in America, he was frequently referred to as the \\\"King of Torts\\\". In 2011, his net worth was estimated by \\\"Forbes\\\" to be $1.5 billion, making him the 833rd richest person in the world. In 2014,\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Jamail\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20394\",\n \"text\": \"cent on the dollar. By 1780, the paper money was \\\"not worth a Continental\\\", as people said. The skyrocketing inflation was a hardship on the few people who had fixed incomes—but 90 percent of the people were farmers, and were not directly affected by that inflation. Debtors benefited by paying off their debts with depreciated paper. The greatest burden was borne by the soldiers of the Continental Army, whose wages were usually in arrears and declined in value every month, weakening their morale and adding to the hardships of their families. Beginning in 1777, Congress repeatedly asked the states to\",\n \"title\": \"American Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14575054\",\n \"text\": \"and expressed his views on the need for union in a letter which he handed to him. Lincoln read it over twice, then said, \\\"I am not yet elected President, and shall not be until I receive the vote of the electors.\\\" At the start of the Civil War, Tayloe was reputed to be the richest man in America. But with the outbreak of war and the loss of his Alabama and Virginia lands, Tayloe lost more than half a million dollars (about $20.3 million in inflation-adjusted 2010 dollars). Some historians have alleged that Tayloe may have been a spy\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Ogle Tayloe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4321268\",\n \"text\": \"Richard DeVos Richard Marvin DeVos Sr. (March 4, 1926 – September 6, 2018) was an American billionaire businessman, co-founder of Amway with Jay Van Andel (company restructured as Alticor in 2000), and owner of the Orlando Magic basketball team. In 2012, \\\"Forbes\\\" magazine listed him as the 60th-wealthiest person in the United States, and the 205th-richest in the world, with an estimated net worth of $5.1 billion. DeVos was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the son of Ethel Ruth (Dekker) and Simon Cornelius DeVos, who worked in the electrical business. He was educated at Calvin College and was a member\",\n \"title\": \"Richard DeVos\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6092633\",\n \"text\": \"management. In a January 2014 article by \\\"Bloomberg\\\", he was referred to as \\\"Wall Street's greatest trader.\\\" \\\"Forbes Magazine\\\" reported his net worth at $1.1 billion as of October 2018. Born to a Jewish family, the son of Sol Frank Steinhardt, a compulsive high-stakes gambler, New York's leading jewel fence (according to then-DA Frank Hogan), and convicted felon. His father was close friends with underworld crime bosses Meyer Lansky, Vincent Alo (aka \\\"Jimmy Blue Eyes\\\" Alo), and Albert Anastasia (he was out gambling with Anastasia the night before he was killed). Sol, aka \\\"Red McGee,\\\" was later convicted on charges\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Steinhardt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1272409\",\n \"text\": \"labor rights, and satisfactory working conditions of select Amazon workers. On July 17, 2018 he was designated the \\\"wealthiest person in modern history\\\" by the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, \\\"Fortune\\\", \\\"MarketWatch\\\", \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\", and \\\"Forbes\\\". In 1992, Bezos was working for D. E. Shaw in Manhattan, New York, when he met novelist MacKenzie Tuttle, who was a research associate at the firm; they were married a year later. In 1994, they moved across the country to Seattle, Washington, where Bezos founded Amazon. He and his wife are the parents of four children: three sons, and one daughter adopted from\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Bezos\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3965094\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen Girard Stephen Girard (May 20, 1750 – December 26, 1831; born Étienne Girard) was a French-born, naturalized American, philanthropist and banker. He personally saved the U.S. government from financial collapse during the War of 1812, and became one of the wealthiest people in America, estimated to have been the fourth richest American of all time, based on the ratio of his fortune to contemporary GDP. Childless, he devoted much of his fortune to philanthropy, particularly the education and welfare of orphans. His legacy is still felt in his adopted home of Philadelphia. Girard was born in Bordeaux, France. He\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Girard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18811876\",\n \"text\": \"suffered from many ailments, such as neuritis, to the point where he had to resign from numerous positions. Lastly, The bankers of the pre-1913 Baronial Age are have said to have been the “lords of creation”, since they catapulted the American economy into an industrial powerhouse of production and power. This unprecedented development became attributed to the Morgan banking style. By one estimate, J.P. Morgan (1837–1913) is believed to have been the 24th richest American in history, inflation adjusted. His fortune is believed to have grown to about $38 billion (2007 USD). Other estimates place it around $41.5 billion (2014\",\n \"title\": \"Morgan family\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16468647\",\n \"text\": \"funds offsets the total debt, making it appear much smaller than it otherwise would. This allowed Congress to increase spending without having to risk the political consequences of raising taxes. In June 1972, both houses of the United States Congress approved by overwhelming majorities 20% increases in benefits for 27.8 million Americans. The average payment per month rose from $133 to $166. The bill also set up a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) to take effect in 1975. This adjustment would be made on a yearly basis if the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 3% or more. This addition was an\",\n \"title\": \"History of Social Security in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1965468\",\n \"text\": \"industrial Midwest and Northeast) descended into virtual depression conditions as steel mills and other industries closed. Many family farms in the Midwest and elsewhere were ruined by high interest rates and sold off to large agribusinesses. Reagan allowed the Federal Reserve to drastically reduce the money supply to cure inflation, but it resulted in the recession deepening temporarily. His approval ratings plummeted in the worst months of the recession of 1982. Democrats swept the mid-term elections, making up for their losses in the previous election cycle. At the time, critics often accused Reagan of being out of touch. His Budget\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States (1980–1991)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5272347\",\n \"text\": \"linked to mismanagement and lack of economic diversification, with the largest and longest period starting in 1980s and through the 90s during which inflation peaked in 1996 with 60% in January to an all-time high of 118.8% in July of that same year. Revenue from petroleum exports accounts for more than 50% of the country's GDP and roughly 95% of total exports, and after decades of some of the strongest economic growth in South America the trend went into sharp reversal as oil prices began their steady drop following the end of the oil crisis of the 1970s of which\",\n \"title\": \"Chronic inflation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"438029\",\n \"text\": \"were allocated to the war effort. Many goods were rationed, prices and wages controlled and many durable consumer goods were no longer produced. Large segments of the workforce were inducted into the military, paid half wages, and roughly half of those were sent into harm's way. The approach, advanced by British economist John Maynard Keynes, gave elected officials a leading role in directing the economy since spending and taxes are controlled by the U.S. President and the Congress. The \\\"Baby Boom\\\" saw a dramatic increase in fertility in the period 1942–1957; it was caused by delayed marriages and childbearing during\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739060\",\n \"text\": \"paying off their debts with depreciated paper. The greatest burden was borne by the soldiers of the Continental Army, whose wages—usually in arrears—declined in value every month, weakening their morale and adding to the hardships suffered by their families. Starting in 1776, the Congress sought to raise money by loans from wealthy individuals, promising to redeem the bonds after the war. The bonds were in fact redeemed in 1791 at face value, but the scheme raised little money because Americans had little specie, and many of the rich merchants were supporters of the Crown. Starting in 1776, the French secretly\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"739821\",\n \"text\": \"upscale farmers in the Midwest. Prosperity returned under McKinley, the gold standard was enacted, and the tariff was raised. By 1900 the U.S. had the strongest economy on the globe. Apart from two short recessions (in 1907 and 1920) the overall economy remained prosperous and growing until 1929. Republicans, citing McKinley's policies, took the credit. Dissatisfaction on the part of the growing middle class with the corruption and inefficiency of politics as usual, and the failure to deal with increasingly important urban and industrial problems, led to the dynamic Progressive Movement starting in the 1890s. In every major city and\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2391024\",\n \"text\": \"and allowed latent economic tensions to surface. Reinforcing the relative decline in U.S. power and the dissatisfaction of Europe and Japan with the system was the continuing decline of the dollar—the foundation that had underpinned the post-1945 global trading system. The Vietnam War and the refusal of the administration of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson to pay for it and its Great Society programs through taxation resulted in an increased dollar outflow to pay for the military expenditures and rampant inflation, which led to the deterioration of the U.S. balance of trade position. In the late 1960s, the dollar was\",\n \"title\": \"Bretton Woods system\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1965399\",\n \"text\": \"resistance in Congress. As a result, Nixon changed course and opted to control the currency; his appointees to the Federal Reserve sought a contraction of the money supply through higher interest rates but to little avail; the tight money policy did little to curb inflation. The cost of living rose a cumulative 15% during Nixon's first two years in office. Nixon's primary interests as president were in the world of diplomacy and foreign policy; by his own admission, domestic affairs bored him. His first Secretary of the Treasury, David M. Kennedy, was a soft-spoken Mormon businessman whom the president paid\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States (1964–1980)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12363899\",\n \"text\": \"Hayworth, Dwight Eisenhower, George Patton, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Jean Cocteau, Chester W. Nimitz, Harry S. Truman, Ava Gardner, Audie Murphy, Guy Gibson, Douglas Bader, Mao Zedong, Alfred Hitchcock, Charlie Parker, Margot Fonteyn Liberace, Lucille Ball, Edmund Hillary, Tenzing Norgay, Roger Bannister, Elizabeth II, Richard Nixon, Joseph McCarthy, Edward Murrow, Paul Robeson, Richard Burton, Gene Kelly, Sophia Loren, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, Marilyn Monroe, Joe DiMaggio, Arthur Miller, Jack Lemmon, Tony Curtis, Brigitte Bardot, Billy Graham, Diana Dors, Guy Gibson, Richard Todd, Kenneth More, Alec Guinness, Grace Kelly, Rainier III, Hugh Hefner, Doris Day, Rock Hudson, Miles Davis,\",\n \"title\": \"Fame in the 20th Century\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1404550\",\n \"text\": \"Pablo Escobar Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (, ; 1 December 19492 December 1993) was a Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist. His cartel supplied an estimated 80% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States at the height of his career, turning over US$21.9 billion a year in personal income. He was often called \\\"The King of Cocaine\\\" and was the wealthiest criminal in history, with an estimated known net worth of between US$25 and US$30 billion by the early 1990s (equivalent to between about $48.5 and $ billion as of ), making him one of the richest men in the\",\n \"title\": \"Pablo Escobar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6933242\",\n \"text\": \"cancer on June 15, 1995. At the time of his death, he was Tennessee's only billionaire and 56th richest person in the United States. Golfer Arnold Palmer was a pallbearer at his funeral. He is buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery. The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center and the Ingram Studio Arts Center are named for him. E. Bronson Ingram II E. Bronson Ingram II (1931–1995) was an American billionaire heir and business executive. He served as the Chairman of Ingram Industries from 1963 to 1995. He was a director and large shareholder of Weyerhaeuser. He was tried and acquitted of corruption regarding\",\n \"title\": \"E. Bronson Ingram II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739166\",\n \"text\": \"with the South gone, and Northern Democrats very weak in Congress, the Republicans enacted their legislation. At the same time they passed new taxes to pay for part of the war, and issued large amounts of bonds to pay for the most of the rest. (The remainder can be charged to inflation.) They wrote an elaborate program of economic modernization that had the dual purpose of winning the war and permanently transforming the economy. The key policy-maker in Congress was Thaddeus Stevens, as chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. He took charge of major legislation that funded the war\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"540075\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"fastest, richest Texan\\\" in a 1968 cover story. In 1984 General Motors bought controlling interest in EDS for $2.4 billion. In 1974, Perot gained some press attention for being \\\"the biggest individual loser ever on the New York Stock Exchange\\\" when his EDS shares dropped $450 million in value in a single day in April 1970. Just prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the government of Iran imprisoned two EDS employees in a contract dispute. Perot organized and sponsored their rescue. The rescue team was led by retired U.S. Army Special Forces Colonel Arthur D. \\\"Bull\\\" Simons. When the team\",\n \"title\": \"Ross Perot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1524211\",\n \"text\": \"to pay to get inflation down. That price is well worth paying.\\\" The remark is regularly, but not always approvingly, recalled by commentators and other politicians. Seven months before Lamont made the statement, inflation (as measured by the annual change in the Retail Price Index) reached 10.9%. In May 1991, inflation fell to 6.4%. A year after the Major government was reelected in the 1992 general election, winning the most votes of any political party in British electoral history, inflation fell to 4.3%, falling to 1.3% a year later. However the economy continued to contract until the third quarter of\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Lamont\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3116617\",\n \"text\": \"Benjamin Bristow Benjamin Helm Bristow (June 20, 1832 – June 22, 1896) was the 30th U.S. Treasury Secretary, the first Solicitor General, an American lawyer, a Union military officer, Republican Party politician, reformer, and civil rights advocate. Bristow, during his tenure as Secretary of Treasury, is primarily known for breaking up and prosecuting the Whiskey Ring, a corrupt tax evasion profiteering ring that depleted the national treasury, having President Ulysses S. Grant's permission. Additionally, Bristow promoted gold standard currency rather than paper. Bristow was one of Grant's most popular Cabinet members among reformers. Bristow supported Grant's Resumption of Specie Act\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Bristow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18941954\",\n \"text\": \"known for a well-received biography of Jacob Fugger in which he argues that Fugger was the most influential businessman in history, and possibly the richest man who ever lived. Greg Steinmetz Greg Steinmetz is an American journalist, author and securities analyst. Steinmetz was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio. He graduated from Colgate University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and German, and earned a master's degree from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University. Steinmetz spent 15 years working as a journalist for the Sarasota Herald-Tribune, Houston Chronicle, Newsday, and The Wall Street Journal. He served\",\n \"title\": \"Greg Steinmetz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1488034\",\n \"text\": \"American who ever lived, based on his wealth as a percentage of the concurrent gross national product. Despite his vast wealth, Getty was famously frugal, notably negotiating his grandson's Italian kidnapping ransom in 1973. Getty was an avid collector of art and antiquities; his collection formed the basis of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California, and over $661 million (approximately $ billion in 2018) of his estate was left to the museum after his death. He established the J. Paul Getty Trust in 1953. The trust is the world's wealthiest art institution, and operates the J. Paul\",\n \"title\": \"J. Paul Getty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4283238\",\n \"text\": \"joining Standard Oil, Rogers invested heavily in various industries, including copper, steel, mining, and railways. The Virginian Railway is widely considered his final life's achievement. Rogers amassed a great fortune, estimated at over $100 million, and became one of the wealthiest men in the United States. He was also a generous philanthropist, providing many public works for his hometown of Fairhaven and financially assisting such notables as Mark Twain, Helen Keller, and Booker T. Washington. Near McClintocksville and Oil City, in western Pennsylvania, Oil Creek State Park and many heritage sites to tell the story and memorialize the people of\",\n \"title\": \"Wamsutta Oil Refinery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4739156\",\n \"text\": \"when it seized property, so that even loyal Confederates would hide their horses and mules rather than sell them for dubious paper. Overall the Northern financial system was highly successful in raising money and turning patriotism into profit, while the Confederate system impoverished its patriots. The United States needed $3.1 billion to pay for the immense armies and fleets raised to fight the Civil War — over $400 million just in 1862. The largest tax sum by far came from new excise taxes—a sort of value added tax—that was imposed on every sort of manufactured item. Second came much higher\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"469368\",\n \"text\": \"postwar period between 1945 and 1973. The oil shocks of 1973 and 1979 added to the existing ailments and conjured high inflation throughout much of the world for the rest of the decade. U.S. manufacturing industries began to decline as a result, with the United States running its last trade surplus () in 1975. In contrast, Japan and West Germany experienced economic booms and started overtaking the U.S. as the world's leading manufacturers. In 1970, Japan overtook West Germany to become the world's second-largest economy. Japan would rank as the world's second-largest economy until 1994 when the European Economic Area\",\n \"title\": \"1970s\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was the richest person in us history adjusted for inflation"}}},{"rowIdx":82,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Miloš Forman"],"string":"[\n \"Miloš Forman\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"13134129","text":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Miloš Forman, based on the 1962 novel \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" by Ken Kesey. The film stars Jack Nicholson, and features a supporting cast of Louise Fletcher, William Redfield, Will Sampson, and Brad Dourif. The film also featured Christopher Lloyd in his film debut. Considered by some to be one of the greatest films ever made, \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" is No. 33 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movies list. The film","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"13134146","text":"Actress for Louise Fletcher, Best Direction for Forman, Best Picture, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman. The film currently has a 95% \"Certified Fresh\" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 9/10. Its consensus states: \"The onscreen battle between Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher serves as a personal microcosm of the culture wars of the 1970s – and testament to the director's vision that the film retains its power more than three decades later.\" \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" has been regarded as one of the greatest American films. Ken Kesey participated in","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"13134130","text":"was the second to win all five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Actor in Lead Role, Actress in Lead Role, Director and Screenplay) following \"It Happened One Night\" in 1934, an accomplishment not repeated until 1991 with \"The Silence of the Lambs\". It also won numerous Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards. In 1993, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress, and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. In 1963 Oregon, recidivist criminal Randle McMurphy is moved to a mental institution after serving a short sentence on a prison farm","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"618776","text":"for the United States, two of his films, \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975) and \"Amadeus\" (1984), acquired particular renown, and both gained him an Academy Award for Best Director. \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" became the second film to win all five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Actor in Leading Role, Actress in Leading Role, Director, and Screenplay) after \"It Happened One Night\" in 1934—an accomplishment not repeated until 1991, by \"The Silence of the Lambs\". Forman was also nominated for a Best Director Oscar for \"The People vs. Larry Flynt\" (1996). He also won Golden Globe,","title":"Miloš Forman"},{"id":"11409951","text":"Pieces\" (1970). Although it was coolly received at the time, and has subsequently faded into obscurity, the production brought together many significant Hollywood names. Director of photography Bill Butler gained renown for his later work on classic films such as Steven Spielberg's \"Jaws\", Francis Ford Coppola's \"The Conversation\", and \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". Original music was composed by David Shire (then married to Coppola's sister, Talia) and the screenplay included uncredited contributions from future director Terence Malick. It starred several of Nicholson's friends and frequent screen collaborators in leading roles – Karen Black, Bruce Dern, Robert Towne and","title":"Drive, He Said"},{"id":"5876601","text":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962) is a novel written by Ken Kesey. Set in an Oregon psychiatric hospital, the narrative serves as a study of institutional processes and the human mind as well as a critique of behaviorism and a tribute to individualistic principles. It was adapted into the broadway (and later off-broadway) play \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" by Dale Wasserman in 1963. Bo Goldman adapted the novel into a 1975 film directed by Miloš Forman, which won five Academy Awards. \"Time\" magazine included the novel in its \"100","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)"},{"id":"12258012","text":"You Know\" in 2010, but does not consider himself to be retired. He has also directed three films, including \"The Two Jakes\" (1990), the sequel to \"Chinatown\". Nicholson's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy's history. Nicholson has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice - one for the drama \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), and the other for the romantic comedy \"As Good as It Gets\" (1997). He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama \"Terms of Endearment\" (1983). Nicholson is one of three","title":"Jack Nicholson"},{"id":"13134145","text":"in total $4.4m to make. The film was met with heavy critical acclaim; Roger Ebert said: Ebert would later put the film on his \"Great Movies\" list. A.D. Murphy of \"Variety\" wrote a mixed review as well, as did Vincent Canby: Writing in \"The New York Times\": The film opened with original music by composer Jack Nitzsche, featuring an eerie bowed saw (performed by Robert Armstrong) and wine glasses. On the score, reviewer Steven McDonald: The film went on to win the \"Big Five\" Academy Awards at the 48th Oscar ceremony. These include the Best Actor for Jack Nicholson, Best","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"16592160","text":"(Society of Directors and Choreographers) and is also a member of the Broadway League, Actor's Equity and SAG/AFTRA. Brunish is the grandson of Fred Brunish, an artist who worked for Walter Lantz on the Woody Woodpecker films. In February 2017, Brunish released his debut, solo album on Broadway Records: #ThrowbackThursday. Corey made his debut as director with \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.\" He directed Stephen Sondheim's \"Company\" in 2009. Mentored by Tony nominated director Jeff Calhoun, Corey ventured into producing in 2011. He came to New York as assistant director and producer of the Broadway show \"Bonnie and Clyde\".","title":"Corey Brunish"},{"id":"618782","text":"failure of \"Taking Off\", producers Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz hired him to direct the adaptation of Ken Kesey's cult novel \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". Forman later said they hired him because he was in their price range. Starring Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher, the adaptation was a critical and commercial success. The film won Oscars in the five most important categories: Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. One of only three films in history to do so (alongside \"It Happened One Night\" and \"The Silence of the Lambs\"), it firmly established","title":"Miloš Forman"},{"id":"13134148","text":"and selected for preservation in their National Film Registry. The film was the third highest-grossing film released in 1975 in the United States and Canada with a gross of $109 million, being UA's biggest hit. As it was released toward the end of the year, most of its gross was in 1976 and was the highest-grosser for calendar year 1976 with rentals of $56.5 million. Worldwide, the film earned rentals of $76.1 million. American Film Institute One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Miloš Forman, based","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"13134144","text":"said he had terminated Wexler over artistic differences. Both Wexler and Butler received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography for \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", though Wexler said there was \"only about a minute or two minutes in that film I didn't shoot\". According to Butler, Jack Nicholson refused to speak to Forman: \"...[Jack] never talked to Miloš at all, he only talked to me.\" Filming went over the initial budget of $2m and over-schedule, but Saul Zaentz, who was personally financing the movie, was able to fund this by borrowing against his company, Fantasy Records. The movie cost","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"819766","text":"Heman, Earl Madery, and John Carter). It was also nominated for Best Picture, losing to \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". Spielberg greatly resented the fact that he was not nominated for Best Director. Along with the Oscar, John Williams's score won the Grammy Award, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and the Golden Globe Award. To her Academy Award, Verna Fields added the American Cinema Editors' Eddie Award for Best Edited Feature Film. \"Jaws\" was chosen Favorite Movie at the People's Choice Awards. It was also nominated for best Film, Director, Actor (Richard Dreyfuss), Editing, and Sound at","title":"Jaws (film)"},{"id":"13134142","text":"on the Oregon coast. The producers decided to shoot the film in the Oregon State Hospital, an actual mental hospital, as this was also the setting of the novel. The hospital’s director, Dean Brooks, was supportive of the filming and eventually ended up playing the character of Dr. John Spivey in the film. Brooks identified a patient for each of the actors to shadow, and some of the cast even slept on the wards at night. He also wanted to incorporate his patients into the crew, to which the producers agreed. Douglas recalls that it was not until later that","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"13134138","text":"and so after Hauben's first attempt he asked Kesey to write the screenplay, and promised him a piece of the action, but it did not work out and ended in a financial dispute. Hal Ashby, who had been an early consideration for director, suggested Jack Nicholson for the role of McMurphy. Production was delayed for about six months because of Nicholson's schedule. Douglas later stated in an interview that this had been a blessing, as it allowed time \"to get the ensemble right.\" Danny DeVito, Douglas's oldest friend, was the first to be cast – having played one of the","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"6147900","text":"in \"Brubaker\" (1980), \"Klute\" (1971), \"Serpico\" (1973), \"Harsh Light\" (1997), his last film, and \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975) and was one of the leads in \"Short Eyes\" (1977). George died on March 3, 2017 in New York City. Nathan George Nathan George (July 27, 1936 - March 3, 2017) was an African American actor who was active from 1968 to 1997. He co-won a 1969 Obie Award with Ron O'Neal for Charles Gordone's Pulitzer Prize-winning play \"No Place to be Somebody\". This performance also received a Drama Desk Award. George also directed for the stage. He directed","title":"Nathan George"},{"id":"3666672","text":"in December 2011. Green also directed and co-wrote, \"Prince Avalanche\" in 2013. Green directed the horror sequel \"Halloween\" (2018), produced by Jason Blum, executive produced by John Carpenter, and co-written by Green and Danny McBride. Green's favorite films are, in order, \"Thunderbolt and Lightfoot\", \"\", \"The Gravy Train\", \"The Bad News Bears\", \"Deliverance\", \"Nashville\" and \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". It has been suggested, even by the director himself, that Green's films take a lot of influence from the works of fellow Texan Terrence Malick. Malick himself served as an executive producer of Green's 2004 film \"Undertow\". Green has","title":"David Gordon Green"},{"id":"17035141","text":"including as the post production supervisor for \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". In 1995, Light and Saraf were jointly nominated for a News and Documentary Emmy for their work on the PBS show, \"Dialogues with Madwomen\". Irving Saraf died of complications from three years of Lou Gehrig's disease at his home in San Francisco on December 26, 2012, at the age of 80. He was survived by his second wife of 38 years, Allie Light; six children – Peter, Michal, Ilana, Alexis, Charles and Julia; and eight grandchildren. Peter Saraf is an Academy Award nominated producer whose credits include","title":"Irving Saraf"},{"id":"18160571","text":"Ip Wischin Ippolit Wischinsky (born April 20, 1963), known as Ip Wischin, is a Russian/Austrian dramaturgist, director, screenwriter, composer and business consultant, whose main work is about the basic principles of film dramaturgy. Wischin started filmmaking in his early teens, shooting Shorts and experimental movies on Super 8. Moving to New York in 1981, he studied directing, producing and editing at the \"School of Visual Arts\" and later assisted Miloš Forman (known for movies like \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" and \"Amadeus\") at Columbia University. After returning to Austria in 1985, he started working on , a variation on","title":"Ip Wischin"},{"id":"13134136","text":"but was unable to find a studio willing to make it with him. Eventually, he gave the rights to his son Michael Douglas, who succeeded in getting the film produced—but the elder Douglas, by then nearly 60, was considered too old for the McMurphy role, which ultimately went to 38-year-old Jack Nicholson. Douglas brought in Saul Zaentz as co-producer. The film's first screenwriter, Lawrence Hauben, introduced Douglas to the work of Miloš Forman, whose 1967 Czechoslovak film \"The Firemen's Ball\" had the sort of qualities they were looking for. Forman flew to California and went through the script page by","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"552398","text":"1930 Motion Picture Production Code in July 1934. \"It Happened One Night\" was released just four months prior to that enforcement. \"It Happened One Night\" is the first of only three films (the other two being \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" and \"The Silence of the Lambs\") to win all five major Academy Awards : Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Adapted Screenplay. In 1993, \"It Happened One Night\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". In 2013, the","title":"It Happened One Night"},{"id":"618783","text":"Forman's reputation. The success of \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" allowed Forman to direct his long-planned film version of \"Hair\" in 1979, a rock musical based on the Broadway musical by James Rado, Gerome Ragni, and Galt MacDermot. The film starred Treat Williams, John Savage and Beverly D'Angelo. It was disowned by the writers of the original musical, and, although it received positive reviews, it did not do well financially. Forman's next important achievement was an adaptation of Peter Shaffer's \"Amadeus\". Retelling the story of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri, it starred Tom Hulce, Elizabeth Berridge, and F.","title":"Miloš Forman"},{"id":"15531555","text":"Richard Chew Richard Franklin Chew (born June 28, 1940) is an American film editor, producer, and cinematographer, best known for his Academy Award-winning work on \"Star Wars\" (1977), alongside Paul Hirsch and Marcia Lucas. Other notable films include \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), \"Risky Business\" (1983), \"Waiting to Exhale\" (1995), \"That Thing You Do!\" (1996), and \"I Am Sam\" (2001). His career as an editor and cinematographer of a variety of films spans more than four decades. Born of Chinese immigrant parents in Los Angeles, Chew attended its inner-city schools, served in the U.S. Navy, and graduated from","title":"Richard Chew"},{"id":"13134141","text":"begin rehearsals. Prior to commencement of filming, a week of rehearsals started on January 4, 1975, in Oregon, during which the actors watched the patients in their daily routine and at group therapy. Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher also witnessed electroconvulsive therapy being performed on a patient. With the exception of Nicholson, the rest of the cast worked for scale, or a little above that. Fletcher worked for 11 weeks, making $10,000 before taxes. Filming began in January 1975, and concluded approximately three months later, and was shot on location in Salem, Oregon, and the surrounding area, as well as","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"15531559","text":"Church in Grand Rapids, Michigan. . He is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences, Motion Picture Editors Guild, and American Cinema Editors. Richard Chew Richard Franklin Chew (born June 28, 1940) is an American film editor, producer, and cinematographer, best known for his Academy Award-winning work on \"Star Wars\" (1977), alongside Paul Hirsch and Marcia Lucas. Other notable films include \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), \"Risky Business\" (1983), \"Waiting to Exhale\" (1995), \"That Thing You Do!\" (1996), and \"I Am Sam\" (2001). His career as an editor and cinematographer of a variety of","title":"Richard Chew"},{"id":"20378618","text":"including 20/20 at ABC. Zagone helmed this show for 6 months before returning to his freelance work. Zagone won two Emmys from the San Francisco chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for \"Evening Magazine\", one of the winning shows having featured comedian Steve Martin and Rolling Stone journalist Ben Fong-Torres. \"Inside the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1976) <br> Director<br> This groundbreaking PBS documentary was shot at the Oregon State Mental Hospital in Salem, Oregon, the same hospital used in the Academy Award-winning feature film \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". The film included a graphic sequence that showed","title":"Robert N. Zagone"},{"id":"8839482","text":"Bill Butler (cinematographer) Wilmer C. \"Bill\" Butler, ASC (born April 7, 1921) is an American cinematographer. He shot \"The Conversation\" (1974), \"Jaws\" (1975), and three \"Rocky\" sequels. He completed 1975's \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" after Haskell Wexler was fired from the production, and was subsequently nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography. Wilmer C. Butler was born on April 7, 1921 in Cripple Creek, Colorado. Butler spent the first five years of his life living in a log cabin on a homestead in Colorado, where his parents were farmers. He moved with his parents to Henry County","title":"Bill Butler (cinematographer)"},{"id":"9136987","text":"33rd Golden Globe Awards The 33rd Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film and television for 1975, were held on January 24, 1976. \"' Jack Nicholson - \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" \"' George Burns - \"The Sunshine Boys\" \"' Walter Matthau - \"The Sunshine Boys\" \"' Louise Fletcher - \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" \"' Ann-Margret – \"Tommy\" \"' Miloš Forman - \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" \"' \"Youthquake!\" \"' \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" \"' \"The Sunshine Boys\" \"' \"Lies My Father Told Me\", Canada \"Jaws\" - John Williams \"' \"I'm Easy\" performed","title":"33rd Golden Globe Awards"},{"id":"8839495","text":"hometown of Mount Pleasant for a reception honoring his career. Butler has two daughters, Genevieve and Chelsea, who are both actresses. Bill Butler (cinematographer) Wilmer C. \"Bill\" Butler, ASC (born April 7, 1921) is an American cinematographer. He shot \"The Conversation\" (1974), \"Jaws\" (1975), and three \"Rocky\" sequels. He completed 1975's \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" after Haskell Wexler was fired from the production, and was subsequently nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography. Wilmer C. Butler was born on April 7, 1921 in Cripple Creek, Colorado. Butler spent the first five years of his life living in","title":"Bill Butler (cinematographer)"},{"id":"8115589","text":"7th Academy Awards The 7th Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 1934, was held on February 27, 1935, at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California. They were hosted by Irvin S. Cobb. Frank Capra's influential romantic comedy \"It Happened One Night\" became the first film to perform a \"clean sweep\" of the top five award categories: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay. This feat would later be duplicated by \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" in 1976 and \"The Silence of the Lambs\" in 1992. It also was the first romantic comedy","title":"7th Academy Awards"},{"id":"11389054","text":"as a groom at Calder Racetrack. He studied editing with Ralph Rosenblum (\"Annie Hall\", \"The Pawnbroker\") and acting with Brad Dourif (Billy Bibbit in \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\"). Pesce was named Best Independent Director of the Year at the Hamptons International Film Festival for his critically acclaimed film \"The Desperate Trail\", which he wrote and directed. \"Entertainment Weekly\" called it \"The best Western on any size screen since \"Unforgiven\"\", and Tom Shales of the \"Washington Post\" described it as \"a new high point in the cable movie\". It was the second highest rated cable movie of 1995, and","title":"P. J. Pesce"},{"id":"8839493","text":"Film Award for his work in \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975) and has won Primetime Emmy Awards for \"Raid on Entebbe\" (1977) and \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" (1984). On February 16, 2003, Butler received the American Society of Cinematographers Lifetime Achievement Award. His memorable and influential work on \"Jaws\" is one of the many reasons the ASC honored him with the award, and Spielberg wrote a letter to Butler acknowledging his award which indicated the director's mutual respect for Butler and his work behind the camera. \"You were the calm before, during and after every storm on the","title":"Bill Butler (cinematographer)"},{"id":"5876614","text":"weak. The chronics are patients who will never be cured. Many of the chronics are elderly and/or in vegetative states. \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" is one of America's most challenged and banned novels. The novel was adapted into a 1963 play, starring Kirk Douglas (who purchased the rights to produce it for the stage and motion pictures) as McMurphy and Gene Wilder as Billy Bibbit. A film adaptation, starring Jack Nicholson, and co-produced by Michael Douglas was released in 1975. The film won five Academy Awards. The characters of Nurse Ratched and Chief Bromden appear as recurring characters","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)"},{"id":"8462974","text":"hours to bring the play to the London theatre. In 2001, the Steppenwolf Theatre Company produced a Broadway revival, winning the Tony Award for Best Play Revival. This production was directed by Terry Kinney and starred Gary Sinise, Amy Morton, Tim Sampson, Eric Johner, and Ross Lehman. In 2004, Guy Masterson and Nica Burns mounted a production at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival with Christian Slater, Mackenzie Crook and Frances Barber and a cast of comedians including Owen O'Neill. Masterson famously resigned as director & co-producer just prior to opening citing \"ill health\" and the production was finally delivered by Terry","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)"},{"id":"6821198","text":"a group of fellow Czech film directors, established the Film Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (Filmová Akademia muzických umění or FAMU), where he taught for over five decades. Among his students were several directors of the 1960s \"Czech New Wave\" of art films, including future Oscar-winner Miloš Forman (\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", \"Amadeus\"). Otakar Vávra's decades-long career as a film director, from the 1930s through the 1990s, epitomized the tradition of middle-European filmmaking. This tradition ended in Germany and Austria at the end of World War II and ended in the Czech Republic after","title":"Otakar Vávra"},{"id":"7681196","text":"Coppola among others and headed to International Famous Agency in 1970. In 1974, United Artists brought Medavoy in as senior vice president of production. There, he was part of the team responsible for \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", \"Rocky\", and \"Annie Hall\", which won best Pictures Oscars® in 1975, 1976 and 1977 respectively. United Artists made a number of other notable films at the time, including \"Apocalypse Now\", \"Raging Bull\", \"Network\" and \"Coming Home\". In 1978, Medavoy co-founded Orion Pictures, joint venture with Warner Brothers, along with fellow United Artists executives Arthur Krim, Robert Benjamin, Eric Pleskow, and William","title":"Mike Medavoy"},{"id":"5128345","text":"Jack Nitzsche Bernard Alfred Nitzsche (22 April 1937 – 25 August 2000) known by pen name Jack Nitzsche, was an American musician, arranger, songwriter, record producer and film score composer. He first came to prominence in the late 1950s as the right-hand-man of producer Phil Spector and went on to work with the Rolling Stones and Neil Young, among others. He also worked extensively in film scores, notably for films such as \"Performance\", \"The Exorcist\" and \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". In 1983, he won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for co-writing \"Up Where We Belong\". Born","title":"Jack Nitzsche"},{"id":"618785","text":"acclaimed, made only $20 million at the box office. The biography of famous actor and avant-garde comic Andy Kaufman (Jim Carrey, who won a Golden Globe for his performance) premiered on December 22, 1999. The film also starred Danny DeVito, Courtney Love, and Paul Giamatti. Several actors from \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" appeared in the film, including DeVito. This biography of the Spanish painter Francisco Goya (an American-Spanish co-production) premiered on November 8, 2006. The film starred Natalie Portman, Javier Bardem, Stellan Skarsgård and Randy Quaid. It struggled at the box office. In the late 1950s, Forman and","title":"Miloš Forman"},{"id":"11649804","text":"been in the television series \"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\" as Frank Reynolds since 2006. He and wife Rhea Perlman founded the production company Jersey Films in 1992, which produced over a dozen films, including \"Pulp Fiction\" (1994), \"Erin Brockovich\" (2000), and \"Garden State\" (2004). Danny DeVito filmography The following is the filmography for American actor, producer, and director Danny DeVito. He has appeared in the films \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), \"Car Wash\" (1976), \"Terms of Endearment\" (1983), \"Romancing the Stone\" (1984) and its sequel \"The Jewel of the Nile\" (1985), \"Ruthless People\" (1986), \"Throw Momma from","title":"Danny DeVito filmography"},{"id":"12258035","text":"1975, with his role as Randle P. McMurphy in \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". The movie was an adaptation of Ken Kesey's novel, and was directed by Miloš Forman and co-produced by Michael Douglas. Nicholson plays an anti-authoritarian patient at a mental hospital where he becomes an inspiring leader for the other patients. Playing one of the patients was Danny DeVito in an early role. Nicholson learned afterwards that DeVito grew up in the same area of New Jersey, and they knew many of the same people. The film swept the Academy Awards with nine nominations, and won the","title":"Jack Nicholson"},{"id":"5128355","text":"\"Head\", the theme music from \"Village of the Giants\" (recycling an earlier single, \"The Last Race\") and the distinctive soundtracks for \"Performance\" (1970), \"The Exorcist\" (1973), \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), \"Hardcore\" (1979), \"The Razor's Edge\" (1984) and \"Starman\" (also 1984). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score and a Grammy for his contributions to \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", his first of many studio projects with multi-instrumentalist/composer Scott Mathews. At the start of the next decade, he scored \"Revenge\" (1990). On \"Revenge\" he worked with Joanna St. Claire, who wrote, recorded and","title":"Jack Nitzsche"},{"id":"3060302","text":"by Anthony Minghella. In the early 1970s he saw the stage adaptation of \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" at a theatre in the Jackson Square area of San Francisco. Zaentz co-produced the film adaptation with actor Michael Douglas. The film won five Academy Awards including Best Picture, which Zaentz and Douglas shared. This award sweep had not been experienced in 41 years. In 1980, Zaentz created The Saul Zaentz Film Center in Berkeley, California, an editing and sound-mixing studio for his own films, independent filmmakers, and Hollywood productions. In 1984 Zaentz and Forman collaborated again, on the adaptation of","title":"Saul Zaentz"},{"id":"8839488","text":"\"Frailty\". And I really picked his brain, always asking 'how did you do this shot?' and 'how did you figure that out?'\" Bill Butler recounts his initial conversations with Paxton about the script: \"I liked the direction he wanted to take, and he inspired me to share his vision. It was a great collaboration.\" Butler is also notable for being a replacement to Haskell Wexler on two occasions: \"The Conversation\" (1974; also directed by Coppola) and \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975). Butler had heard that Spielberg was preparing to shoot \"Jaws\" (1975), mainly on Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts.","title":"Bill Butler (cinematographer)"},{"id":"9876040","text":"novel\". The novel has been compared to William Faulkner's \"Absalom, Absalom!\" in both form and content. In 1970, the novel was adapted into a film, which was also marketed under the name \"Never Give An Inch\". The film was directed by Paul Newman, who starred alongside Henry Fonda. It was nominated for two Oscars. A stage adaptation, written and directed by Aaron Posner, premiered in Portland, Oregon, at Portland Center Stage on April 4, 2008. Sometimes a Great Notion Sometimes a Great Notion is Ken Kesey's second novel, published in 1964. While \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1962) is","title":"Sometimes a Great Notion"},{"id":"13134143","text":"he found out that many of them were criminally insane. As Forman did not allow the actors to see the day's filming, this led to the cast losing confidence in him, while Nicholson also began to wonder about his performance. Douglas convinced Forman to show Nicholson something, which he did, and restored the actor's confidence. Haskell Wexler was fired as cinematographer and replaced by Bill Butler. Wexler believed his dismissal was due to his concurrent work on the documentary \"Underground\", in which the radical terrorist group The Weather Underground were being interviewed while hiding from the law. However, Miloš Forman","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"2618164","text":"Brad Dourif Bradford Claude Dourif (; born March 18, 1950) is an American actor. He was nominated for an Oscar, as well as winning a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for his supporting role as Billy Bibbit in the critically acclaimed film \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975). Dourif's other notable film roles were in \"Dune\" (1984), \"Mississippi Burning\" (1988), \"\" (2002), and \"Child's Play\" franchise. He also appeared in many television series, notably \"Deadwood\" (2004–2006, 2019), for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. Dourif was born in Huntington, West Virginia, on March 18, 1950, to","title":"Brad Dourif"},{"id":"8247966","text":"at the USC School of Cinema-Television. Saxon is arguably best known for the film \"The Silence of the Lambs\", which is, to date, the third and last film to sweep the five main categories of Academy Award for Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Director, and Best Picture. (The others are \"It Happened One Night\" and \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\".) Formerly Jonathan Demme's producing partner, his films include \"Beloved\", \"Ulee's Gold\", \"That Thing You Do!\", \"The Truth About Charlie\", \"Married to the Mob\", \"Miami Blues\" and \"Philadelphia\". After parting ways with Demme, Saxon produced Charlie Kaufman","title":"Edward Saxon"},{"id":"4473853","text":"Kevin Conway (actor) Kevin John Conway (born May 29, 1942) is an American actor and film director. Conway was born in New York City to Helen Margaret (née Sanders), a sales representative, and James John Conway, an Irish mechanic. In his first major screen role, he portrayed Roland Weary in the 1972 film \"Slaughterhouse-Five\", based on the novel by Kurt Vonnegut. Conway's off-Broadway credits include \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", One for the Road, \"The Elephant Man\", \"Other People's Money\", and \"When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder?\", for which he received the 1974 Drama Desk Award. On Broadway, he","title":"Kevin Conway (actor)"},{"id":"13134135","text":"scratchy voice. Rumors spread that McMurphy has escaped in order to avoid being taken \"upstairs\". Later that night, Chief sees McMurphy being returned to his bed. He discovers that McMurphy has lobotomy scars on his forehead, and smothers his friend with a pillow. Chief finally throws the hydrotherapy cart through the window and escapes into the night, cheered on by Taber. Actor Kirk Douglas—who had originated the role of McMurphy in the 1963–64 Broadway stage version of the Ken Kesey novel—had purchased the film rights to the story, and tried for a decade to bring it to the big screen,","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"17270789","text":"first client was the then-unknown screenwriter Bo Goldman. Shortly after signing with Stiefel, Goldman wrote the script for \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", which won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1975. Stiefel broadened his roster to include actors and musicians, signing Bette Midler, Natalie Wood, Robert Wagner, and Jeff Goldblum, among others. In 1978, he paired his clients Goldman and Midler for \"The Rose\", which was nominated for four Academy Awards and won three Golden Globes. Subsequently, The Steifel Office was acquired by ICM; after 19 months Stiefel and his clients defected to the William Morris","title":"Arnold Stiefel"},{"id":"5731286","text":"of dark complexion and rendered the features indistinct. Accordingly, Wexler toned it down to feature Poitier with better photographic results. Wexler was fired as cinematographer for Miloš Forman's 1975 film \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" and replaced by Bill Butler. Wexler believed his dismissal was due to his concurrent work on the documentary \"Underground\", in which the radical terrorist group The Weather Underground were being interviewed while hiding from the law. However, Forman said he had terminated Wexler over mere artistic differences. Both Wexler and Butler received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography for \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's","title":"Haskell Wexler"},{"id":"4998831","text":"psychological horror film \"Session 9\". It has also been suggested by historians as an inspiration on H.P. Lovecraft, and in turn an inspiration for the fictional setting Arkham Asylum in the various Batman series. The Oregon State Hospital was also featured as the primary filming location for the film \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), and was also the setting of \"Ward 81,\" a 1976 series of photographs by photographer Mary Ellen Mark. The Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum in West Virginia was featured on the Travel Channel reality series \"Ghost Adventures\". Historical resources Photo and videography Kirkbride Plan The Kirkbride","title":"Kirkbride Plan"},{"id":"13134137","text":"page and outlined what he would do, in contrast with other directors who had been approached who were less than forthcoming. Forman wrote in 2012: \"To me, [the story] was not just literature, but real life, the life I lived in Czechoslovakia from my birth in 1932 until 1968. The Communist Party was my Nurse Ratched, telling me what I could and could not do; what I was or was not allowed to say; where I was and was not allowed to go; even who I was and was not.\" Saul Zaentz, a voracious reader, felt an affinity with Kesey,","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"8462971","text":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1963) is a play based on Ken Kesey's 1962 novel of the same name. Dale Wasserman's stage adaptation, with music by Teiji Ito, made its Broadway preview on November 12, 1963, its premiere on November 13, and ran until January 25, 1964 for a total of one preview and 82 performances. Since then, the play has had two revivals: first off-Broadway in 1971, with Danny DeVito as Martini, then as a Broadway production in 2001 with Gary Sinise as McMurphy. The film version \"One Flew Over the","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)"},{"id":"804627","text":"his \"Great Movies\" list. The film received Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Jack Nicholson), and Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Karen Black). Nicholson lost to George C. Scott, and was nominated several more times before winning for the 1975 film \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". On November 16, 1999, Columbia TriStar Home Video released the film on two-sided DVD-Video, featuring both fullscreen (4:3) and widescreen formats. Grover Crisp of Sony Pictures conducted a 4K restoration of the film, and it was screening theatrically in DCP by 2012. The","title":"Five Easy Pieces"},{"id":"1474678","text":"One Night\" became the first film to perform a \"clean sweep\" of the top five award categories: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay. This feat would later be duplicated by \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" in 1976 and \"The Silence of the Lambs\" in 1992. It also was the first romantic comedy to be named Best Picture. U.S.A. unless stated U.S.A. unless stated ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO PQRS TUV WXYZ 1934 in film The following is an overview of 1934 in film, including significant events, a list of films released and notable births","title":"1934 in film"},{"id":"7348879","text":"Hoosiers had won the NCAA title that night in Philadelphia. The following year, the two events were again on the same night.) Miloš Forman's \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" made a \"clean sweep\" of the major categories: Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director and Best Screenplay (Adapted). It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep, following \"It Happened One Night\" in 1934 and preceding \"The Silence of the Lambs\" in 1991. French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year, making Adjani, 20 at the time, the youngest","title":"48th Academy Awards"},{"id":"757893","text":"its fall-out. The original cinematographer of \"The Conversation\" was Haskell Wexler. Severe creative and personal differences with Coppola led to Wexler's firing shortly after production began and Coppola replaced him with Bill Butler. Wexler's footage on \"The Conversation\" was completely reshot, except for the technically complex surveillance scene in Union Square. This would be the first of two Oscar-nominated films where Wexler would be fired and replaced by Butler, the second being \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), where Wexler had similar problems with Miloš Forman. Walter Murch served as the supervising editor and sound designer. Murch had more","title":"The Conversation"},{"id":"16189039","text":"repertoire of the British bard – a privilege many actors dream of, but only a few are given. Cherkelov's style was intelligent, with expressions based on subtle nuances, heavy pauses and solidly spoken phrases. His trademark were inborn dignity, loaded calm and incredible presence – unique personal characteristics of this great actor, which he infused into the characters he played. In addition to being an extraordinary actor, Georgi Cherkelov has also staged a number of plays. Among the plays he directed are \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1982), \"Wrestlers\" (1981), \"Huckleberry Finn\" (1985), \"Catcher in the Rye\" (1998). Some","title":"Georgi Cherkelov"},{"id":"11357325","text":"Raindog Raindog is a Glasgow-based theatre company founded in 1990 by Robert Carlyle and Alexander Morton. Raindog's first production, \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", starring Alexander Morton as R.P McMurphy was received with great acclaim in 1991. Robert Carlyle won best director award. The stageplay was so popular that the theatre company produced another version two years later. Their second production, Macbeth, also starring Alexander Morton was equally successful. Robert Carlyle again won Best Director for his adaptation of Shakespeare's most famous play. Raindog was responsible for bringing Tommy Flanagan (\"Gladiator\", \"Braveheart\", \"Face/Off\", \"Aliens vs. Predator\") into public acclaim.","title":"Raindog"},{"id":"20378614","text":"at Fantasy Records in Berkeley under the aegis of Ralph J. Gleason. Musical \"promo films\" (aka music videos) were among the first output of the newly formed department. Later, Fantasy Films, under the helm of owner Saul Zaentz, would produce the films \"Payday\", \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", \"Amadeus\", and \"The English Patient\", among others. The music videos that Zagone directed, shot, and edited were:<br> –Credence Clearwater Revival \"Sweet Hitch-Hiker'\"<br> –Redwing \"Shorty Go Home\"<br> –Jim Post \"Colorado High\" After leaving Fantasy Films in 1973, Zagone embarked on a freelance career, directing music shows, documentaries, high-tech visionary videos, and low","title":"Robert N. Zagone"},{"id":"781670","text":"the family of Dalton Trumbo publicly disputed Douglas's claim. In the film \"Trumbo\" (2015), Douglas is portrayed by Dean O'Gorman. Douglas bought the rights to the novel \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" from its author, Ken Kesey. He turned it into a play in 1963 in which he starred, and it ran on Broadway for five months. Reviews were mixed. Douglas retained the movie rights, but after a decade of being unable to find a producer, gave the rights to his son, Michael. In 1975, the film version was produced by Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz, and starred Jack","title":"Kirk Douglas"},{"id":"20338747","text":"a series order for two seasons consisting of nine episodes apiece. Netflix reportedly won a bidding war over Hulu and Apple who also were interested in developing the project. The series was created by Evan Romansky who also wrote the pilot. His script was eventually received by television producer Ryan Murphy, who then spent a year securing the rights to the Nurse Ratched character and the participation of the Saul Zaentz estate and Michael Douglas, who owned the screen rights to \"One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest\". Murphy is expected to direct the pilot and executive produce alongside Douglas, Aleen","title":"Ratched (TV series)"},{"id":"10392492","text":"at the institute. Upon her arrival, a major earthquake rocks the building and unearths the now undead Dr. Ramzi and his legion of zombie patients. Filming took place at Agnew's Development Center in Santa Clara, California. Ken Kesey had previously used this as the setting for \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". The United States premiere was in October 1989. \"The Dead Pit\" received positive reviews upon release from \"Fangoria\" and \"Slaughterhouse\". \"Fangoria\" later included the film in its \"101 Best Horror Movies You've Never Seen\", where they wrote, \"This serious attempt at horror never quite hits its mark, evolving","title":"The Dead Pit"},{"id":"9980413","text":"behind the camera, producing several films throughout the 1970s and '80s. Much of Douglas' work has centered on projects involving his family, including acting as co-producer on \"The Jewel of the Nile\" and \"Romancing the Stone\", being an assistant director on \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" and in 2003, acting as associate producer on \"It Runs in the Family\", which featured Kirk, Michael and Michael's son Cameron. Joel Douglas has married four times. His first wife was Susan Jorgensen, whom he married in 1968. He married Judith Corso in 1975, then Patricia Reid-Douglas in 1986. His most recent marriage","title":"Joel Douglas"},{"id":"8462972","text":"Cuckoo's Nest\" was released in 1975 was based on the novel, but not on the play. DeVito reprised his stage role in the film. The 1963–64 Broadway production starred Kirk Douglas as Randle Patrick McMurphy, Gene Wilder as Billy Bibbit, William Daniels as Harding, Ed Ames as \"Chief\" Bromden, and Joan Tetzel as Nurse Ratched. Douglas retained the rights to make a film version of \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" for a decade, but was unable to find a studio willing to make it with him. Eventually, he gave the rights to his son Michael, who succeeded in getting","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)"},{"id":"13275775","text":"1945 and was assigned to rebuild the Bavaria Film Studios. From 1951 he was working for United Artists and was responsible for the movie rental in Europe and South Africa. He also started to produce movies himself. In 1973 he became president of United Artists. Under his presidency United Artists won the Academy Award (\"Oscar\") for the best picture three years in a row (1975: \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", 1976: \"Rocky\", 1977: \"Annie Hall\"). In 1978, Pleskow left United Artists and built up Orion Pictures, which he directed until 1992. Their greatest successes under his management were \"Amadeus\",","title":"Eric Pleskow"},{"id":"9815905","text":"the Meyer-Whitworth Award 1993 and the John Whiting Award 1991. He has had many West End productions as director and/or writer including: \"One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest\", \"Hitchcock Blonde\", \"Entertaining Mr Sloane\", \"The Graduate\", \"Dead Funny\", \"Hysteria\", \"Elton John's Glasses\" and \"The Memory of Water\". At the Royal Court Theatre he directed \"Dumb Show\" by Joe Penhall and opened his play \"Piano/Forte\". Johnson won the 2010 Tony Award for Best Director of a Musical for \"La Cage aux Folles\". He has worked with Chicago's Steppenwolf Theatre, directing John Malkovich in \"The Libertine\" (nominated for five Joseph Jefferson Awards including","title":"Terry Johnson (dramatist)"},{"id":"17638937","text":"Michael Rosenberg (film producer) Michael Rosenberg is an American film industry executive and producer. is the Co-Chair of Imagine Entertainment, founded by producer Brian Grazer and director Ron Howard. In 1980, Rosenberg was executive vice president of Fantasy Films. Rosenberg was President of the Saul Zaentz Production Company and Fantasy Films in Berkeley, California for ten years, during which time the company released \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", \"Amadeus\", and \"The English Patient\". Rosenberg joined Imagine Entertainment in 1988 as Vice President of Marketing and Distribution. He organized the release of many films, including \"Parenthood\", \"Backdraft\", \"Apollo 13\", \"Ransom\"","title":"Michael Rosenberg (film producer)"},{"id":"11357326","text":"Other actors such as Gary Lewis (\"Gangs of New York\", \"Billy Elliot\"), Barbara Rafferty (\"The Last King of Scotland\"), Peter Mullan (\"Shallow Grave\", \"Braveheart\"), Gavin Mitchell (\"Still Game\"), Kevin McKidd (\"Trainspotting\"), Caroline Paterson (\"EastEnders\", \"King Ralph\"), A.J. Morton (\"Silent Scream\") and Stuart Davids (\"Hamish Macbeth\") were active members of the company. Raindog Raindog is a Glasgow-based theatre company founded in 1990 by Robert Carlyle and Alexander Morton. Raindog's first production, \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", starring Alexander Morton as R.P McMurphy was received with great acclaim in 1991. Robert Carlyle won best director award. The stageplay was so popular","title":"Raindog"},{"id":"1591181","text":"the most profitable films of its time, ending with a $260 million gross in the United States alone. The film won Academy Awards for its skillful editing, chilling score, and sound recording. It was also nominated for Best Picture that year, though it lost to Miloš Forman's \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (which also won acting awards for Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher). It spawned the successful sequel, \"Jaws 2\" in 1978, which featured the same cast, but without Steven Spielberg. Another tailor-made blockbuster, Dino De Laurentiis' \"King Kong\" was released, but to less than stellar success. \"King Kong\"","title":"1970s in film"},{"id":"3060301","text":"was settled, with Warner Bros. and Fogerty changing the title and lyric to \"Vanz Kant Danz\". Zaentz lost on the copyright issue when a jury found Fogerty not liable. Fogerty in turn claimed the label misled him about investing and managing his earnings from royalties, resulting in a devastating financial loss. Years later, when Zaentz sold his interest in Fantasy, Fogerty almost immediately re-signed with the label. Zaentz received the Best Picture Oscar for three films, two of them directed by Miloš Forman—\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975) and \"Amadeus\" (1984)—as well as for \"The English Patient\" (1996), directed","title":"Saul Zaentz"},{"id":"13134139","text":"patients, Martini, in the 1971 off-Broadway production. Chief Bromden, played by Will Sampson, was found through the referral of a used car dealer Douglas met on an airplane flight when Douglas told him they wanted a big guy for the character. The dealer sold a lot of cars to Native Americans and six months later called Douglas to say: “the biggest sonofabitch Indian came in the other day!” Miloš Forman had considered Shelley Duvall for the role of Candy. While screening \"Thieves Like Us\" (1974) to see if she was right for the role, he became interested in Louise Fletcher,","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"5876602","text":"Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005\" list. In 2003 the book was listed on the BBC's The Big Read poll of the UK's 200 \"best-loved novels.\" The book is narrated by \"Chief\" Bromden, a gigantic yet docile half-Native American patient at a psychiatric hospital, who presents himself as deaf and mute. Bromden’s tale focuses mainly on the antics of the rebellious Randle Patrick McMurphy, who faked insanity to serve his sentence for battery and gambling in the hospital rather than at a prison work farm. The head administrative nurse, Nurse Ratched, rules the ward with absolute authority and little","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)"},{"id":"11649803","text":"Danny DeVito filmography The following is the filmography for American actor, producer, and director Danny DeVito. He has appeared in the films \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), \"Car Wash\" (1976), \"Terms of Endearment\" (1983), \"Romancing the Stone\" (1984) and its sequel \"The Jewel of the Nile\" (1985), \"Ruthless People\" (1986), \"Throw Momma from the Train\" (1987), \"Twins\" (1988), \"The War of the Roses\" (1989), \"Batman Returns\" (1992), \"Renaissance Man\" (1994), \"Get Shorty\" (1995), \"Matilda\" (1996), \"Man on the Moon\" (1999), \"Drowning Mona\" (2000), \"Be Cool\" (2005), and added his voice to the 2012 film \"The Lorax\". He has","title":"Danny DeVito filmography"},{"id":"8462973","text":"the film produced. At that time, Kirk Douglas was deemed too old for the role of McMurphy, and the role was given to Jack Nicholson. In 1982 Greg Hersov directed a production at the Royal Exchange, Manchester with Jonathan Hackett as Randle McMurphy, Linda Marlowe as Nurse Ratched and Tim McInnerny as Billy Bibbitt. In April 1988, the Playhouse Theatre was the site for the first London production of \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". The play was brought to the London stage by Cuckoo Productions, formed by Diane Hilton, Karin Parnaby, and Judy Kershaw. They raised £100,000 in 24","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)"},{"id":"13134147","text":"the early stages of script development, but withdrew after creative differences with the producers over casting and narrative point of view; ultimately he filed suit against the production and won a settlement. Kesey himself claimed never to have seen the movie, but said he disliked what he knew of it, a fact confirmed by Chuck Palahniuk, who wrote, \"The first time I heard this story, it was through the movie starring Jack Nicholson. A movie that Kesey once told me he disliked.\" In 1993, this film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"},{"id":"404958","text":"One Night\" and \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\"), to win Academy Awards in all the top five categories: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Adapted Screenplay. It is also the first (and so far only) Best Picture winner widely considered to be a horror film, and only the third such film to be nominated in the category, after \"The Exorcist\" (1973) and \"Jaws\" (1975). It is regularly cited by critics, film directors, and audiences alike as one of the greatest and most influential films of all time. In 2018, \"Empire\" ranked it 48th, on their","title":"The Silence of the Lambs (film)"},{"id":"9718331","text":"Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". The film won all five top Academy Awards including an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Goldman. This was the first film to win the top five awards since Frank Capra's \"It Happened One Night\" in 1934. For his work on the film Goldman also received the Writers Guild Award and the Golden Globe Award. He next wrote \"The Rose\" (1979), which was nominated for four Academy Awards. This was followed by his original screenplay \"Melvin and Howard\" (1980) which garnered Goldman his second Oscar, second Writers Guild Award, and the New York Film","title":"Bo Goldman"},{"id":"5876615","text":"in ABC's \"Once Upon a Time\", where they are portrayed by Ingrid Torrance and Peter Marcin. Netflix and Ryan Murphy are producing a prequel series titled Ratched which follows Sarah Paulson playing a younger version of Nurse Ratched, with a two-season, eighteen-episode order. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962) is a novel written by Ken Kesey. Set in an Oregon psychiatric hospital, the narrative serves as a study of institutional processes and the human mind as well as a critique of behaviorism and a tribute to individualistic principles. It was adapted into","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)"},{"id":"1386354","text":"Will Sampson William \"Will\" Sampson Jr. (September 27, 1933 – June 3, 1987) was a Native American painter, actor, and rodeo performer. He is best known for his performance as the apparent deaf and mute Native American Chief Bromden in \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" and as Worm in the 1977 western \"The White Buffalo\", as well as his roles as Taylor in \"\" and Ten Bears in 1976's \"The Outlaw Josey Wales\". William \"Will\" Sampson Jr., also known by his childhood nickname, \"Sonny,\" a full-blooded Muscogee (Creek) Native American Indian, was born in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma to William","title":"Will Sampson"},{"id":"15968498","text":"Mark Berger (sound engineer) Mark Berger (born May 14, 1943) is an American sound engineer. He has won four Academy Awards for Best Sound. He holds the Academy Award record for \"perfect score\" with 4 nominations and 4 wins. He is best known for his work on \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974), \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975) and \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). He has worked on more than 170 films since 1973. Berger studied experimental psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. He took part in the recording of some documentaries for radio about the opposition to Vietnam. Through","title":"Mark Berger (sound engineer)"},{"id":"15531557","text":"whom Chew has worked include: Cameron Crowe, Paul Brickman, Bruce Joel Rubin, and Emilio Estevez. Chew was Oscar-nominated for \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest\". He also won British Oscars (BAFTA) as co-editor on both \"The Conversation\" and \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest\". His work on \"Shanghai Noon\" was nominated for Best Feature Comedy by American Cinema Editors. At various times throughout his editing career, Chew has taught and lectured with the goal of enhancing audience appreciation for the cinema arts. For over thirty years, he has appeared at art schools and colleges, churches, and community groups. On January","title":"Richard Chew"},{"id":"5340774","text":"Sydney Lassick Sydney Lassick (July 23, 1922 – April 12, 2003) was an American actor perhaps best known for his role as Charlie Cheswick in the feature film \"One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest\". Lassick's first name was sometimes spelled \"Sidney\". He was born in Chicago, Illinois to Russian Jewish immigrants. Lassick, who served in the U.S. Navy during World War II, and afterwards studied drama at DePaul University, first began acting in both films and TV shows in the late 1950s. Portly and bespectacled, with a high-pitched voice and a nervous disposition, Lassick was usually cast as peevish neurotics,","title":"Sydney Lassick"},{"id":"12258065","text":"Academy. Nicholson's acting career spans over sixty years. He has won three Academy Awards, and with twelve nominations, he is the most nominated male actor in the Academy's history. Among his most notable films are \"Easy Rider\" (1969), \"Five Easy Pieces\" (1970), \"The Last Detail\" (1973), \"Chinatown\" (1974), \"The Passenger\" (1975), \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), \"The Shining\" (1980), \"Terms of Endearment\" (1983), \"Batman\" (1989), \"A Few Good Men\" (1992), \"As Good as It Gets\" (1997), \"About Schmidt\" (2002), \"Something's Gotta Give\" (2003), \"The Departed\" (2006), and \"The Bucket List\" (2007). Jack Nicholson John Joseph Nicholson (born April","title":"Jack Nicholson"},{"id":"14339406","text":"and Max Sparber's The Older Gentleman as part of the Vital Drama League Alumnifest. He wrote the Drama League Benefit honoring James Earl Jones in February 2015, and is writing the Drama League Centennial Benefit honoring Bernadette Peters in November 2015. Rob directed Kirk Smith's Deluge at Concordia College, Dale Wasserman's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest at the University of Oregon, Lillian Hellman's The Children's Hour at Bloomsburg University, Maxwell Anderson's Bad Seed at Doane College and LaGuardia Community College, Death By Design: A Comedy With Songs and Murder andJohn Guare's Landscape of the Body. He directedShakespeare's The Winter's","title":"Rob Urbinati"},{"id":"14431442","text":"three-year investigation of the collapse of the WTC buildings. Today, Diodato continues to shoot commercial assignments while working on many personal projects. Diodato's first monograph, entitled \"Care of Ward 81\", was released in July 2010 and published by Golden Section Publishers, LLC and has since been recognized with awards by Eric Hoffer Book Award, Communication Arts, American Photography, International Book award, and PDN. In 2005, Diodato was granted permission by the Oregon State Legislation to photograph the then-closed Oregon State Mental Hospital, the same hospital where the Academy Award–winning film \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest\" was filmed. As Diodato","title":"Bill Diodato"},{"id":"8462975","text":"Johnson and Tamara Harvey. The show was a huge box office hit and transferred to London's Gielgud Theatre where it ran for over 20 weeks. This production was itself revived in 2006 with Alex Kingston taking over the role of Nurse Ratched. It then toured the UK in 2007 with Shane Richie playing McMurphy and Sophie Ward Nurse Ratched. A production of the play was staged by London's Tower Theatre Company 23–27 October 2012 Upstairs at the Gatehouse, Highgate, London. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1963) is a play based on Ken","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)"},{"id":"846783","text":"Arts in Drama from the University of California, Santa Barbara. His early acting roles included film, stage, and television productions. Douglas first achieved prominence for his performance in the ABC police procedural television series \"The Streets of San Francisco\", for which he received three consecutive Emmy Award nominations. In 1975, Douglas produced \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", having acquired the rights to the Ken Kesey novel from his father. The film received critical and popular acclaim, and won the Academy Award for Best Picture, earning Douglas his first Oscar as one of the film's producers. After leaving \"The Streets","title":"Michael Douglas"},{"id":"15531556","text":"UCLA with a B.A. in Philosophy. After a stint at Harvard Law School, Chew, inspired by the independent cinema of the 1960s, left school to pursue a film career. Starting with his camera and editing work on documentaries, such as \"The Redwoods\", an Oscar winner for Best Short Documentary in 1967, he eventually transitioned to editing feature films as co-editor on Francis Coppola's \"The Conversation\", Miloš Forman's \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest\", and George Lucas's \"Star Wars\". During his varied career, he has edited films for actor-directors such as Jack Nicholson, Tom Hanks, and Forest Whitaker. Other writer-directors with","title":"Richard Chew"},{"id":"17097259","text":"A Cuckoo in the Nest (film) A Cuckoo in the Nest is a 1933 British film, directed by Tom Walls, with a script by Ben Travers. It is a screen adaption of the original 1925 Aldwych farce of the same title. The film was remade in 1954 as \"Fast and Loose\". It was made at Lime Grove Studios. The film's sets were designed by Alfred Junge. Peter and Barbara Wyckham plan to travel by railway from London to a country house in Somerset, but Peter misses the train. Another intending traveller in a similar plight is Marguerite Hickett, an old","title":"A Cuckoo in the Nest (film)"},{"id":"552414","text":"Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" in 1975 and \"The Silence of the Lambs\" in 1991. \"It Happened One Night\" was also the last film to win both lead acting Academy Awards until \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" in 1975. On December 15, 1996, Gable's Oscar was auctioned off to Steven Spielberg for $607,500; Spielberg promptly donated the statuette to the Motion Picture Academy. On June 9 of the following year, Colbert's Oscar was offered for auction by Christie's, but no bids were made for it. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: \"It Happened One","title":"It Happened One Night"},{"id":"19093332","text":"ended in 2007, when Williams founded her own production company, Grain of Sand Productions. Further credits have included 2001's \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", which also earned a Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play, and \"Noises Off\"; 2002's \"The Elephant Man\", \"Flower Drum Song\" and Pulitzer Prize-winner \"Topdog/Underdog\"; 2003's \"Gypsy\" and \"Ragtime\"; 2004's \"Bombay Dreams\", which Williams and her creative team re-worked from its British original to a version American audiences could more easily grasp — an adaptation then taken up by Andrew Lloyd Webber to replace the original UK version, as well as \"By The Bog","title":"Elizabeth Williams (producer)"},{"id":"9429284","text":"given periodically to professionals in theater who also teach and mentor students. Medoff has been married to second wife Stephanie Thorne since 1972; they have three daughters. Medoff's theatre directing credits include \"Waiting for Godot\", \"The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds\", \"Jacques Brel is Alive and Well and Living in Paris\", \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", \"Equus\", and \"Hot L Baltimore.\" As an actor, he has appeared in the plays \"Marat/Sade\", \"Black Comedy/White Lies\", and \"Old Times\", among others, and the films \"The Twilight of the Golds\", \"Santa Fe\", \"Homage\", \"Red Ryder\", and \"Clara's Heart\". Mark Medoff","title":"Mark Medoff"},{"id":"17338942","text":"the 1970s, he granted permission for the film \"One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975) to be shot in the Oregon Hospital, letting the film crew stay at the mental hospital; Brooks also portrayed \"Dr. John Spivey\" in the film. During the shooting, Brooks diagnosed actor William Redfield with leukemia. Dr. Brooks was known for his \"patient-centered\" approach to caring for the patients at Oregon State Hospital and monitored the treatment of patients by making rounds on every shift. He was deeply involved in community and church activities locally by founding the Willamette Valley Hospice and developing the Salem Pops","title":"Dean Brooks"},{"id":"5400048","text":"about moments relevant to Homer's life. Jon Vitti wrote the episode, and Carlos Baeza directed it. This is \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> first clip show, and it features clips from the first three seasons of the series. It was created to relieve the long hours put in by all of the show's overworked staff. The episode features cultural references to films such as \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\", and \"Fantastic Voyage\". The episode received positive reviews from critics. It was called \"as good as a clip show ever gets\" and acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.9.","title":"So It's Come to This: A Simpsons Clip Show"},{"id":"18663300","text":"2015 interview: \"The director said he was looking for Nellie Bly's smile and that optimistic spirit, and he felt my audition was the one that really had that smile and the brightness and optimism.\" Principal photography took place in Salem, Oregon, a location known for another film that shed light on injustices in the mental health world, \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". The physical location was an abandoned mental institution with no electricity, which meant the actors had to perform in 10 degree temperatures, which Barry suggests added to the depth of the film's performances. Other elements of the","title":"10 Days in a Madhouse"},{"id":"14848583","text":"Fantasticks\" (Henry), \"Terra Nova\" (Bowers), \"The Dresser\" (Geoffrey Thornton), \"True West\" (Saul Kimmer), \"Curse of the Starving Class\" (Weston), \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (Scanlon), \"Lady of the Diamond\" (Sportscaster), \"Write Me a Murder\" (Charles Sturrock), \"She Stoops to Conquer\" (Stingo), \"Ah, Wilderness!\" (David McComber), \"Loot\" (Meadows), \"Tartuffe\" (Damis), \"The Caretaker\" (Mick), \"Steambath\" (Morty), \"Comedians\" (Phil Murray), \"King Lear\" (Oswald), \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (Puck), \"Measure for Measure\" (Pompey), and \"The Greeks\" (Odysseus). His film appearances include \"The Taking of Pelham One Two Three\", \"Night of the Juggler\", \"I, the Jury\", and \"To Smithereens\". His television credit is the","title":"Timothy Meyers"},{"id":"7872378","text":"he mostly worked in the Lenkom Theatre. In 2000 he appeared in \"Still Waters\", and in \"The Christmas Miracle\" with Chulpan Khamatova. In 2002 he appeared in the TV series \"Next\" (the title being the actual English word) playing a Russian oligarch. In 2003 he appeared in the sequel \"Next 2\"; the following year he was in \"About Love\". In 2005 Abdulov appeared in the TV series \"Anna Karenina\" and \"The Master and Margarita\". In 2006 he directed the play \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" at the Lenkom and played the lead character of Randall P. McMurphy (played by","title":"Aleksandr Abdulov"},{"id":"15771641","text":"Kirk Douglas, Leonard Nimoy, Aleksandr Abdulov, Gary Sinise, Christian Slater, Shane Ritchie, Roman Wilhelmi, (Polish adaptation), Bernard Tapie (French adaptation), Ibrahim Amr, (Egyptian adaptation), Jiří Hrdina, (Czech adaptation), and most recently by Uri Meir. Randle McMurphy Randle Patrick \"Mac\" McMurphy (also known as R.P. McMurphy) is the protagonist of Ken Kesey's novel \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1962). He appears in the stage and film adaptations of the novel as well. Jack Nicholson portrayed Randle Patrick McMurphy in the film adaption, earning him an Academy Award for Best Actor. He was nominated on the \"Heroes\" list of AFI's 100","title":"Randle McMurphy"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"13134129\",\n \"text\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Miloš Forman, based on the 1962 novel \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" by Ken Kesey. The film stars Jack Nicholson, and features a supporting cast of Louise Fletcher, William Redfield, Will Sampson, and Brad Dourif. The film also featured Christopher Lloyd in his film debut. Considered by some to be one of the greatest films ever made, \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" is No. 33 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movies list. The film\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134146\",\n \"text\": \"Actress for Louise Fletcher, Best Direction for Forman, Best Picture, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman. The film currently has a 95% \\\"Certified Fresh\\\" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 9/10. Its consensus states: \\\"The onscreen battle between Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher serves as a personal microcosm of the culture wars of the 1970s – and testament to the director's vision that the film retains its power more than three decades later.\\\" \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" has been regarded as one of the greatest American films. Ken Kesey participated in\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134130\",\n \"text\": \"was the second to win all five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Actor in Lead Role, Actress in Lead Role, Director and Screenplay) following \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" in 1934, an accomplishment not repeated until 1991 with \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\". It also won numerous Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards. In 1993, the film was deemed \\\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\\\" by the United States Library of Congress, and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. In 1963 Oregon, recidivist criminal Randle McMurphy is moved to a mental institution after serving a short sentence on a prison farm\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"618776\",\n \"text\": \"for the United States, two of his films, \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975) and \\\"Amadeus\\\" (1984), acquired particular renown, and both gained him an Academy Award for Best Director. \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" became the second film to win all five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Actor in Leading Role, Actress in Leading Role, Director, and Screenplay) after \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" in 1934—an accomplishment not repeated until 1991, by \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\". Forman was also nominated for a Best Director Oscar for \\\"The People vs. Larry Flynt\\\" (1996). He also won Golden Globe,\",\n \"title\": \"Miloš Forman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11409951\",\n \"text\": \"Pieces\\\" (1970). Although it was coolly received at the time, and has subsequently faded into obscurity, the production brought together many significant Hollywood names. Director of photography Bill Butler gained renown for his later work on classic films such as Steven Spielberg's \\\"Jaws\\\", Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"The Conversation\\\", and \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". Original music was composed by David Shire (then married to Coppola's sister, Talia) and the screenplay included uncredited contributions from future director Terence Malick. It starred several of Nicholson's friends and frequent screen collaborators in leading roles – Karen Black, Bruce Dern, Robert Towne and\",\n \"title\": \"Drive, He Said\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5876601\",\n \"text\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962) is a novel written by Ken Kesey. Set in an Oregon psychiatric hospital, the narrative serves as a study of institutional processes and the human mind as well as a critique of behaviorism and a tribute to individualistic principles. It was adapted into the broadway (and later off-broadway) play \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" by Dale Wasserman in 1963. Bo Goldman adapted the novel into a 1975 film directed by Miloš Forman, which won five Academy Awards. \\\"Time\\\" magazine included the novel in its \\\"100\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12258012\",\n \"text\": \"You Know\\\" in 2010, but does not consider himself to be retired. He has also directed three films, including \\\"The Two Jakes\\\" (1990), the sequel to \\\"Chinatown\\\". Nicholson's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy's history. Nicholson has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice - one for the drama \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975), and the other for the romantic comedy \\\"As Good as It Gets\\\" (1997). He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama \\\"Terms of Endearment\\\" (1983). Nicholson is one of three\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Nicholson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134145\",\n \"text\": \"in total $4.4m to make. The film was met with heavy critical acclaim; Roger Ebert said: Ebert would later put the film on his \\\"Great Movies\\\" list. A.D. Murphy of \\\"Variety\\\" wrote a mixed review as well, as did Vincent Canby: Writing in \\\"The New York Times\\\": The film opened with original music by composer Jack Nitzsche, featuring an eerie bowed saw (performed by Robert Armstrong) and wine glasses. On the score, reviewer Steven McDonald: The film went on to win the \\\"Big Five\\\" Academy Awards at the 48th Oscar ceremony. These include the Best Actor for Jack Nicholson, Best\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16592160\",\n \"text\": \"(Society of Directors and Choreographers) and is also a member of the Broadway League, Actor's Equity and SAG/AFTRA. Brunish is the grandson of Fred Brunish, an artist who worked for Walter Lantz on the Woody Woodpecker films. In February 2017, Brunish released his debut, solo album on Broadway Records: #ThrowbackThursday. Corey made his debut as director with \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.\\\" He directed Stephen Sondheim's \\\"Company\\\" in 2009. Mentored by Tony nominated director Jeff Calhoun, Corey ventured into producing in 2011. He came to New York as assistant director and producer of the Broadway show \\\"Bonnie and Clyde\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Corey Brunish\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"618782\",\n \"text\": \"failure of \\\"Taking Off\\\", producers Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz hired him to direct the adaptation of Ken Kesey's cult novel \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". Forman later said they hired him because he was in their price range. Starring Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher, the adaptation was a critical and commercial success. The film won Oscars in the five most important categories: Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. One of only three films in history to do so (alongside \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" and \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\"), it firmly established\",\n \"title\": \"Miloš Forman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134148\",\n \"text\": \"and selected for preservation in their National Film Registry. The film was the third highest-grossing film released in 1975 in the United States and Canada with a gross of $109 million, being UA's biggest hit. As it was released toward the end of the year, most of its gross was in 1976 and was the highest-grosser for calendar year 1976 with rentals of $56.5 million. Worldwide, the film earned rentals of $76.1 million. American Film Institute One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Miloš Forman, based\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134144\",\n \"text\": \"said he had terminated Wexler over artistic differences. Both Wexler and Butler received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography for \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", though Wexler said there was \\\"only about a minute or two minutes in that film I didn't shoot\\\". According to Butler, Jack Nicholson refused to speak to Forman: \\\"...[Jack] never talked to Miloš at all, he only talked to me.\\\" Filming went over the initial budget of $2m and over-schedule, but Saul Zaentz, who was personally financing the movie, was able to fund this by borrowing against his company, Fantasy Records. The movie cost\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"819766\",\n \"text\": \"Heman, Earl Madery, and John Carter). It was also nominated for Best Picture, losing to \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". Spielberg greatly resented the fact that he was not nominated for Best Director. Along with the Oscar, John Williams's score won the Grammy Award, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and the Golden Globe Award. To her Academy Award, Verna Fields added the American Cinema Editors' Eddie Award for Best Edited Feature Film. \\\"Jaws\\\" was chosen Favorite Movie at the People's Choice Awards. It was also nominated for best Film, Director, Actor (Richard Dreyfuss), Editing, and Sound at\",\n \"title\": \"Jaws (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134142\",\n \"text\": \"on the Oregon coast. The producers decided to shoot the film in the Oregon State Hospital, an actual mental hospital, as this was also the setting of the novel. The hospital’s director, Dean Brooks, was supportive of the filming and eventually ended up playing the character of Dr. John Spivey in the film. Brooks identified a patient for each of the actors to shadow, and some of the cast even slept on the wards at night. He also wanted to incorporate his patients into the crew, to which the producers agreed. Douglas recalls that it was not until later that\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134138\",\n \"text\": \"and so after Hauben's first attempt he asked Kesey to write the screenplay, and promised him a piece of the action, but it did not work out and ended in a financial dispute. Hal Ashby, who had been an early consideration for director, suggested Jack Nicholson for the role of McMurphy. Production was delayed for about six months because of Nicholson's schedule. Douglas later stated in an interview that this had been a blessing, as it allowed time \\\"to get the ensemble right.\\\" Danny DeVito, Douglas's oldest friend, was the first to be cast – having played one of the\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6147900\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Brubaker\\\" (1980), \\\"Klute\\\" (1971), \\\"Serpico\\\" (1973), \\\"Harsh Light\\\" (1997), his last film, and \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975) and was one of the leads in \\\"Short Eyes\\\" (1977). George died on March 3, 2017 in New York City. Nathan George Nathan George (July 27, 1936 - March 3, 2017) was an African American actor who was active from 1968 to 1997. He co-won a 1969 Obie Award with Ron O'Neal for Charles Gordone's Pulitzer Prize-winning play \\\"No Place to be Somebody\\\". This performance also received a Drama Desk Award. George also directed for the stage. He directed\",\n \"title\": \"Nathan George\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3666672\",\n \"text\": \"in December 2011. Green also directed and co-wrote, \\\"Prince Avalanche\\\" in 2013. Green directed the horror sequel \\\"Halloween\\\" (2018), produced by Jason Blum, executive produced by John Carpenter, and co-written by Green and Danny McBride. Green's favorite films are, in order, \\\"Thunderbolt and Lightfoot\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"The Gravy Train\\\", \\\"The Bad News Bears\\\", \\\"Deliverance\\\", \\\"Nashville\\\" and \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". It has been suggested, even by the director himself, that Green's films take a lot of influence from the works of fellow Texan Terrence Malick. Malick himself served as an executive producer of Green's 2004 film \\\"Undertow\\\". Green has\",\n \"title\": \"David Gordon Green\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17035141\",\n \"text\": \"including as the post production supervisor for \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". In 1995, Light and Saraf were jointly nominated for a News and Documentary Emmy for their work on the PBS show, \\\"Dialogues with Madwomen\\\". Irving Saraf died of complications from three years of Lou Gehrig's disease at his home in San Francisco on December 26, 2012, at the age of 80. He was survived by his second wife of 38 years, Allie Light; six children – Peter, Michal, Ilana, Alexis, Charles and Julia; and eight grandchildren. Peter Saraf is an Academy Award nominated producer whose credits include\",\n \"title\": \"Irving Saraf\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18160571\",\n \"text\": \"Ip Wischin Ippolit Wischinsky (born April 20, 1963), known as Ip Wischin, is a Russian/Austrian dramaturgist, director, screenwriter, composer and business consultant, whose main work is about the basic principles of film dramaturgy. Wischin started filmmaking in his early teens, shooting Shorts and experimental movies on Super 8. Moving to New York in 1981, he studied directing, producing and editing at the \\\"School of Visual Arts\\\" and later assisted Miloš Forman (known for movies like \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" and \\\"Amadeus\\\") at Columbia University. After returning to Austria in 1985, he started working on , a variation on\",\n \"title\": \"Ip Wischin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134136\",\n \"text\": \"but was unable to find a studio willing to make it with him. Eventually, he gave the rights to his son Michael Douglas, who succeeded in getting the film produced—but the elder Douglas, by then nearly 60, was considered too old for the McMurphy role, which ultimately went to 38-year-old Jack Nicholson. Douglas brought in Saul Zaentz as co-producer. The film's first screenwriter, Lawrence Hauben, introduced Douglas to the work of Miloš Forman, whose 1967 Czechoslovak film \\\"The Firemen's Ball\\\" had the sort of qualities they were looking for. Forman flew to California and went through the script page by\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"552398\",\n \"text\": \"1930 Motion Picture Production Code in July 1934. \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" was released just four months prior to that enforcement. \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" is the first of only three films (the other two being \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" and \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\") to win all five major Academy Awards : Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Adapted Screenplay. In 1993, \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, being deemed \\\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\\\". In 2013, the\",\n \"title\": \"It Happened One Night\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"618783\",\n \"text\": \"Forman's reputation. The success of \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" allowed Forman to direct his long-planned film version of \\\"Hair\\\" in 1979, a rock musical based on the Broadway musical by James Rado, Gerome Ragni, and Galt MacDermot. The film starred Treat Williams, John Savage and Beverly D'Angelo. It was disowned by the writers of the original musical, and, although it received positive reviews, it did not do well financially. Forman's next important achievement was an adaptation of Peter Shaffer's \\\"Amadeus\\\". Retelling the story of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri, it starred Tom Hulce, Elizabeth Berridge, and F.\",\n \"title\": \"Miloš Forman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15531555\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Chew Richard Franklin Chew (born June 28, 1940) is an American film editor, producer, and cinematographer, best known for his Academy Award-winning work on \\\"Star Wars\\\" (1977), alongside Paul Hirsch and Marcia Lucas. Other notable films include \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975), \\\"Risky Business\\\" (1983), \\\"Waiting to Exhale\\\" (1995), \\\"That Thing You Do!\\\" (1996), and \\\"I Am Sam\\\" (2001). His career as an editor and cinematographer of a variety of films spans more than four decades. Born of Chinese immigrant parents in Los Angeles, Chew attended its inner-city schools, served in the U.S. Navy, and graduated from\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Chew\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134141\",\n \"text\": \"begin rehearsals. Prior to commencement of filming, a week of rehearsals started on January 4, 1975, in Oregon, during which the actors watched the patients in their daily routine and at group therapy. Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher also witnessed electroconvulsive therapy being performed on a patient. With the exception of Nicholson, the rest of the cast worked for scale, or a little above that. Fletcher worked for 11 weeks, making $10,000 before taxes. Filming began in January 1975, and concluded approximately three months later, and was shot on location in Salem, Oregon, and the surrounding area, as well as\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15531559\",\n \"text\": \"Church in Grand Rapids, Michigan. . He is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences, Motion Picture Editors Guild, and American Cinema Editors. Richard Chew Richard Franklin Chew (born June 28, 1940) is an American film editor, producer, and cinematographer, best known for his Academy Award-winning work on \\\"Star Wars\\\" (1977), alongside Paul Hirsch and Marcia Lucas. Other notable films include \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975), \\\"Risky Business\\\" (1983), \\\"Waiting to Exhale\\\" (1995), \\\"That Thing You Do!\\\" (1996), and \\\"I Am Sam\\\" (2001). His career as an editor and cinematographer of a variety of\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Chew\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20378618\",\n \"text\": \"including 20/20 at ABC. Zagone helmed this show for 6 months before returning to his freelance work. Zagone won two Emmys from the San Francisco chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for \\\"Evening Magazine\\\", one of the winning shows having featured comedian Steve Martin and Rolling Stone journalist Ben Fong-Torres. \\\"Inside the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1976) <br> Director<br> This groundbreaking PBS documentary was shot at the Oregon State Mental Hospital in Salem, Oregon, the same hospital used in the Academy Award-winning feature film \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". The film included a graphic sequence that showed\",\n \"title\": \"Robert N. Zagone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8839482\",\n \"text\": \"Bill Butler (cinematographer) Wilmer C. \\\"Bill\\\" Butler, ASC (born April 7, 1921) is an American cinematographer. He shot \\\"The Conversation\\\" (1974), \\\"Jaws\\\" (1975), and three \\\"Rocky\\\" sequels. He completed 1975's \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" after Haskell Wexler was fired from the production, and was subsequently nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography. Wilmer C. Butler was born on April 7, 1921 in Cripple Creek, Colorado. Butler spent the first five years of his life living in a log cabin on a homestead in Colorado, where his parents were farmers. He moved with his parents to Henry County\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Butler (cinematographer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9136987\",\n \"text\": \"33rd Golden Globe Awards The 33rd Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film and television for 1975, were held on January 24, 1976. \\\"' Jack Nicholson - \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" \\\"' George Burns - \\\"The Sunshine Boys\\\" \\\"' Walter Matthau - \\\"The Sunshine Boys\\\" \\\"' Louise Fletcher - \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" \\\"' Ann-Margret – \\\"Tommy\\\" \\\"' Miloš Forman - \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" \\\"' \\\"Youthquake!\\\" \\\"' \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" \\\"' \\\"The Sunshine Boys\\\" \\\"' \\\"Lies My Father Told Me\\\", Canada \\\"Jaws\\\" - John Williams \\\"' \\\"I'm Easy\\\" performed\",\n \"title\": \"33rd Golden Globe Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8839495\",\n \"text\": \"hometown of Mount Pleasant for a reception honoring his career. Butler has two daughters, Genevieve and Chelsea, who are both actresses. Bill Butler (cinematographer) Wilmer C. \\\"Bill\\\" Butler, ASC (born April 7, 1921) is an American cinematographer. He shot \\\"The Conversation\\\" (1974), \\\"Jaws\\\" (1975), and three \\\"Rocky\\\" sequels. He completed 1975's \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" after Haskell Wexler was fired from the production, and was subsequently nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography. Wilmer C. Butler was born on April 7, 1921 in Cripple Creek, Colorado. Butler spent the first five years of his life living in\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Butler (cinematographer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8115589\",\n \"text\": \"7th Academy Awards The 7th Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 1934, was held on February 27, 1935, at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California. They were hosted by Irvin S. Cobb. Frank Capra's influential romantic comedy \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" became the first film to perform a \\\"clean sweep\\\" of the top five award categories: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay. This feat would later be duplicated by \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" in 1976 and \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\" in 1992. It also was the first romantic comedy\",\n \"title\": \"7th Academy Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11389054\",\n \"text\": \"as a groom at Calder Racetrack. He studied editing with Ralph Rosenblum (\\\"Annie Hall\\\", \\\"The Pawnbroker\\\") and acting with Brad Dourif (Billy Bibbit in \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\"). Pesce was named Best Independent Director of the Year at the Hamptons International Film Festival for his critically acclaimed film \\\"The Desperate Trail\\\", which he wrote and directed. \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" called it \\\"The best Western on any size screen since \\\"Unforgiven\\\"\\\", and Tom Shales of the \\\"Washington Post\\\" described it as \\\"a new high point in the cable movie\\\". It was the second highest rated cable movie of 1995, and\",\n \"title\": \"P. J. Pesce\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8839493\",\n \"text\": \"Film Award for his work in \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975) and has won Primetime Emmy Awards for \\\"Raid on Entebbe\\\" (1977) and \\\"A Streetcar Named Desire\\\" (1984). On February 16, 2003, Butler received the American Society of Cinematographers Lifetime Achievement Award. His memorable and influential work on \\\"Jaws\\\" is one of the many reasons the ASC honored him with the award, and Spielberg wrote a letter to Butler acknowledging his award which indicated the director's mutual respect for Butler and his work behind the camera. \\\"You were the calm before, during and after every storm on the\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Butler (cinematographer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5876614\",\n \"text\": \"weak. The chronics are patients who will never be cured. Many of the chronics are elderly and/or in vegetative states. \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" is one of America's most challenged and banned novels. The novel was adapted into a 1963 play, starring Kirk Douglas (who purchased the rights to produce it for the stage and motion pictures) as McMurphy and Gene Wilder as Billy Bibbit. A film adaptation, starring Jack Nicholson, and co-produced by Michael Douglas was released in 1975. The film won five Academy Awards. The characters of Nurse Ratched and Chief Bromden appear as recurring characters\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8462974\",\n \"text\": \"hours to bring the play to the London theatre. In 2001, the Steppenwolf Theatre Company produced a Broadway revival, winning the Tony Award for Best Play Revival. This production was directed by Terry Kinney and starred Gary Sinise, Amy Morton, Tim Sampson, Eric Johner, and Ross Lehman. In 2004, Guy Masterson and Nica Burns mounted a production at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival with Christian Slater, Mackenzie Crook and Frances Barber and a cast of comedians including Owen O'Neill. Masterson famously resigned as director & co-producer just prior to opening citing \\\"ill health\\\" and the production was finally delivered by Terry\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6821198\",\n \"text\": \"a group of fellow Czech film directors, established the Film Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (Filmová Akademia muzických umění or FAMU), where he taught for over five decades. Among his students were several directors of the 1960s \\\"Czech New Wave\\\" of art films, including future Oscar-winner Miloš Forman (\\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", \\\"Amadeus\\\"). Otakar Vávra's decades-long career as a film director, from the 1930s through the 1990s, epitomized the tradition of middle-European filmmaking. This tradition ended in Germany and Austria at the end of World War II and ended in the Czech Republic after\",\n \"title\": \"Otakar Vávra\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7681196\",\n \"text\": \"Coppola among others and headed to International Famous Agency in 1970. In 1974, United Artists brought Medavoy in as senior vice president of production. There, he was part of the team responsible for \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", \\\"Rocky\\\", and \\\"Annie Hall\\\", which won best Pictures Oscars® in 1975, 1976 and 1977 respectively. United Artists made a number of other notable films at the time, including \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", \\\"Raging Bull\\\", \\\"Network\\\" and \\\"Coming Home\\\". In 1978, Medavoy co-founded Orion Pictures, joint venture with Warner Brothers, along with fellow United Artists executives Arthur Krim, Robert Benjamin, Eric Pleskow, and William\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Medavoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5128345\",\n \"text\": \"Jack Nitzsche Bernard Alfred Nitzsche (22 April 1937 – 25 August 2000) known by pen name Jack Nitzsche, was an American musician, arranger, songwriter, record producer and film score composer. He first came to prominence in the late 1950s as the right-hand-man of producer Phil Spector and went on to work with the Rolling Stones and Neil Young, among others. He also worked extensively in film scores, notably for films such as \\\"Performance\\\", \\\"The Exorcist\\\" and \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". In 1983, he won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for co-writing \\\"Up Where We Belong\\\". Born\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Nitzsche\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"618785\",\n \"text\": \"acclaimed, made only $20 million at the box office. The biography of famous actor and avant-garde comic Andy Kaufman (Jim Carrey, who won a Golden Globe for his performance) premiered on December 22, 1999. The film also starred Danny DeVito, Courtney Love, and Paul Giamatti. Several actors from \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" appeared in the film, including DeVito. This biography of the Spanish painter Francisco Goya (an American-Spanish co-production) premiered on November 8, 2006. The film starred Natalie Portman, Javier Bardem, Stellan Skarsgård and Randy Quaid. It struggled at the box office. In the late 1950s, Forman and\",\n \"title\": \"Miloš Forman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11649804\",\n \"text\": \"been in the television series \\\"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\\\" as Frank Reynolds since 2006. He and wife Rhea Perlman founded the production company Jersey Films in 1992, which produced over a dozen films, including \\\"Pulp Fiction\\\" (1994), \\\"Erin Brockovich\\\" (2000), and \\\"Garden State\\\" (2004). Danny DeVito filmography The following is the filmography for American actor, producer, and director Danny DeVito. He has appeared in the films \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975), \\\"Car Wash\\\" (1976), \\\"Terms of Endearment\\\" (1983), \\\"Romancing the Stone\\\" (1984) and its sequel \\\"The Jewel of the Nile\\\" (1985), \\\"Ruthless People\\\" (1986), \\\"Throw Momma from\",\n \"title\": \"Danny DeVito filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12258035\",\n \"text\": \"1975, with his role as Randle P. McMurphy in \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". The movie was an adaptation of Ken Kesey's novel, and was directed by Miloš Forman and co-produced by Michael Douglas. Nicholson plays an anti-authoritarian patient at a mental hospital where he becomes an inspiring leader for the other patients. Playing one of the patients was Danny DeVito in an early role. Nicholson learned afterwards that DeVito grew up in the same area of New Jersey, and they knew many of the same people. The film swept the Academy Awards with nine nominations, and won the\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Nicholson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5128355\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Head\\\", the theme music from \\\"Village of the Giants\\\" (recycling an earlier single, \\\"The Last Race\\\") and the distinctive soundtracks for \\\"Performance\\\" (1970), \\\"The Exorcist\\\" (1973), \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975), \\\"Hardcore\\\" (1979), \\\"The Razor's Edge\\\" (1984) and \\\"Starman\\\" (also 1984). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score and a Grammy for his contributions to \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", his first of many studio projects with multi-instrumentalist/composer Scott Mathews. At the start of the next decade, he scored \\\"Revenge\\\" (1990). On \\\"Revenge\\\" he worked with Joanna St. Claire, who wrote, recorded and\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Nitzsche\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3060302\",\n \"text\": \"by Anthony Minghella. In the early 1970s he saw the stage adaptation of \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" at a theatre in the Jackson Square area of San Francisco. Zaentz co-produced the film adaptation with actor Michael Douglas. The film won five Academy Awards including Best Picture, which Zaentz and Douglas shared. This award sweep had not been experienced in 41 years. In 1980, Zaentz created The Saul Zaentz Film Center in Berkeley, California, an editing and sound-mixing studio for his own films, independent filmmakers, and Hollywood productions. In 1984 Zaentz and Forman collaborated again, on the adaptation of\",\n \"title\": \"Saul Zaentz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8839488\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Frailty\\\". And I really picked his brain, always asking 'how did you do this shot?' and 'how did you figure that out?'\\\" Bill Butler recounts his initial conversations with Paxton about the script: \\\"I liked the direction he wanted to take, and he inspired me to share his vision. It was a great collaboration.\\\" Butler is also notable for being a replacement to Haskell Wexler on two occasions: \\\"The Conversation\\\" (1974; also directed by Coppola) and \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975). Butler had heard that Spielberg was preparing to shoot \\\"Jaws\\\" (1975), mainly on Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts.\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Butler (cinematographer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9876040\",\n \"text\": \"novel\\\". The novel has been compared to William Faulkner's \\\"Absalom, Absalom!\\\" in both form and content. In 1970, the novel was adapted into a film, which was also marketed under the name \\\"Never Give An Inch\\\". The film was directed by Paul Newman, who starred alongside Henry Fonda. It was nominated for two Oscars. A stage adaptation, written and directed by Aaron Posner, premiered in Portland, Oregon, at Portland Center Stage on April 4, 2008. Sometimes a Great Notion Sometimes a Great Notion is Ken Kesey's second novel, published in 1964. While \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1962) is\",\n \"title\": \"Sometimes a Great Notion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134143\",\n \"text\": \"he found out that many of them were criminally insane. As Forman did not allow the actors to see the day's filming, this led to the cast losing confidence in him, while Nicholson also began to wonder about his performance. Douglas convinced Forman to show Nicholson something, which he did, and restored the actor's confidence. Haskell Wexler was fired as cinematographer and replaced by Bill Butler. Wexler believed his dismissal was due to his concurrent work on the documentary \\\"Underground\\\", in which the radical terrorist group The Weather Underground were being interviewed while hiding from the law. However, Miloš Forman\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2618164\",\n \"text\": \"Brad Dourif Bradford Claude Dourif (; born March 18, 1950) is an American actor. He was nominated for an Oscar, as well as winning a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for his supporting role as Billy Bibbit in the critically acclaimed film \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975). Dourif's other notable film roles were in \\\"Dune\\\" (1984), \\\"Mississippi Burning\\\" (1988), \\\"\\\" (2002), and \\\"Child's Play\\\" franchise. He also appeared in many television series, notably \\\"Deadwood\\\" (2004–2006, 2019), for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. Dourif was born in Huntington, West Virginia, on March 18, 1950, to\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Dourif\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8247966\",\n \"text\": \"at the USC School of Cinema-Television. Saxon is arguably best known for the film \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\", which is, to date, the third and last film to sweep the five main categories of Academy Award for Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Director, and Best Picture. (The others are \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" and \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\".) Formerly Jonathan Demme's producing partner, his films include \\\"Beloved\\\", \\\"Ulee's Gold\\\", \\\"That Thing You Do!\\\", \\\"The Truth About Charlie\\\", \\\"Married to the Mob\\\", \\\"Miami Blues\\\" and \\\"Philadelphia\\\". After parting ways with Demme, Saxon produced Charlie Kaufman\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Saxon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4473853\",\n \"text\": \"Kevin Conway (actor) Kevin John Conway (born May 29, 1942) is an American actor and film director. Conway was born in New York City to Helen Margaret (née Sanders), a sales representative, and James John Conway, an Irish mechanic. In his first major screen role, he portrayed Roland Weary in the 1972 film \\\"Slaughterhouse-Five\\\", based on the novel by Kurt Vonnegut. Conway's off-Broadway credits include \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", One for the Road, \\\"The Elephant Man\\\", \\\"Other People's Money\\\", and \\\"When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder?\\\", for which he received the 1974 Drama Desk Award. On Broadway, he\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin Conway (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134135\",\n \"text\": \"scratchy voice. Rumors spread that McMurphy has escaped in order to avoid being taken \\\"upstairs\\\". Later that night, Chief sees McMurphy being returned to his bed. He discovers that McMurphy has lobotomy scars on his forehead, and smothers his friend with a pillow. Chief finally throws the hydrotherapy cart through the window and escapes into the night, cheered on by Taber. Actor Kirk Douglas—who had originated the role of McMurphy in the 1963–64 Broadway stage version of the Ken Kesey novel—had purchased the film rights to the story, and tried for a decade to bring it to the big screen,\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17270789\",\n \"text\": \"first client was the then-unknown screenwriter Bo Goldman. Shortly after signing with Stiefel, Goldman wrote the script for \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", which won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1975. Stiefel broadened his roster to include actors and musicians, signing Bette Midler, Natalie Wood, Robert Wagner, and Jeff Goldblum, among others. In 1978, he paired his clients Goldman and Midler for \\\"The Rose\\\", which was nominated for four Academy Awards and won three Golden Globes. Subsequently, The Steifel Office was acquired by ICM; after 19 months Stiefel and his clients defected to the William Morris\",\n \"title\": \"Arnold Stiefel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5731286\",\n \"text\": \"of dark complexion and rendered the features indistinct. Accordingly, Wexler toned it down to feature Poitier with better photographic results. Wexler was fired as cinematographer for Miloš Forman's 1975 film \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" and replaced by Bill Butler. Wexler believed his dismissal was due to his concurrent work on the documentary \\\"Underground\\\", in which the radical terrorist group The Weather Underground were being interviewed while hiding from the law. However, Forman said he had terminated Wexler over mere artistic differences. Both Wexler and Butler received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography for \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's\",\n \"title\": \"Haskell Wexler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4998831\",\n \"text\": \"psychological horror film \\\"Session 9\\\". It has also been suggested by historians as an inspiration on H.P. Lovecraft, and in turn an inspiration for the fictional setting Arkham Asylum in the various Batman series. The Oregon State Hospital was also featured as the primary filming location for the film \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975), and was also the setting of \\\"Ward 81,\\\" a 1976 series of photographs by photographer Mary Ellen Mark. The Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum in West Virginia was featured on the Travel Channel reality series \\\"Ghost Adventures\\\". Historical resources Photo and videography Kirkbride Plan The Kirkbride\",\n \"title\": \"Kirkbride Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134137\",\n \"text\": \"page and outlined what he would do, in contrast with other directors who had been approached who were less than forthcoming. Forman wrote in 2012: \\\"To me, [the story] was not just literature, but real life, the life I lived in Czechoslovakia from my birth in 1932 until 1968. The Communist Party was my Nurse Ratched, telling me what I could and could not do; what I was or was not allowed to say; where I was and was not allowed to go; even who I was and was not.\\\" Saul Zaentz, a voracious reader, felt an affinity with Kesey,\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8462971\",\n \"text\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1963) is a play based on Ken Kesey's 1962 novel of the same name. Dale Wasserman's stage adaptation, with music by Teiji Ito, made its Broadway preview on November 12, 1963, its premiere on November 13, and ran until January 25, 1964 for a total of one preview and 82 performances. Since then, the play has had two revivals: first off-Broadway in 1971, with Danny DeVito as Martini, then as a Broadway production in 2001 with Gary Sinise as McMurphy. The film version \\\"One Flew Over the\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"804627\",\n \"text\": \"his \\\"Great Movies\\\" list. The film received Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Jack Nicholson), and Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Karen Black). Nicholson lost to George C. Scott, and was nominated several more times before winning for the 1975 film \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". On November 16, 1999, Columbia TriStar Home Video released the film on two-sided DVD-Video, featuring both fullscreen (4:3) and widescreen formats. Grover Crisp of Sony Pictures conducted a 4K restoration of the film, and it was screening theatrically in DCP by 2012. The\",\n \"title\": \"Five Easy Pieces\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1474678\",\n \"text\": \"One Night\\\" became the first film to perform a \\\"clean sweep\\\" of the top five award categories: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay. This feat would later be duplicated by \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" in 1976 and \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\" in 1992. It also was the first romantic comedy to be named Best Picture. U.S.A. unless stated U.S.A. unless stated ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO PQRS TUV WXYZ 1934 in film The following is an overview of 1934 in film, including significant events, a list of films released and notable births\",\n \"title\": \"1934 in film\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7348879\",\n \"text\": \"Hoosiers had won the NCAA title that night in Philadelphia. The following year, the two events were again on the same night.) Miloš Forman's \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" made a \\\"clean sweep\\\" of the major categories: Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director and Best Screenplay (Adapted). It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep, following \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" in 1934 and preceding \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\" in 1991. French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year, making Adjani, 20 at the time, the youngest\",\n \"title\": \"48th Academy Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"757893\",\n \"text\": \"its fall-out. The original cinematographer of \\\"The Conversation\\\" was Haskell Wexler. Severe creative and personal differences with Coppola led to Wexler's firing shortly after production began and Coppola replaced him with Bill Butler. Wexler's footage on \\\"The Conversation\\\" was completely reshot, except for the technically complex surveillance scene in Union Square. This would be the first of two Oscar-nominated films where Wexler would be fired and replaced by Butler, the second being \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975), where Wexler had similar problems with Miloš Forman. Walter Murch served as the supervising editor and sound designer. Murch had more\",\n \"title\": \"The Conversation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16189039\",\n \"text\": \"repertoire of the British bard – a privilege many actors dream of, but only a few are given. Cherkelov's style was intelligent, with expressions based on subtle nuances, heavy pauses and solidly spoken phrases. His trademark were inborn dignity, loaded calm and incredible presence – unique personal characteristics of this great actor, which he infused into the characters he played. In addition to being an extraordinary actor, Georgi Cherkelov has also staged a number of plays. Among the plays he directed are \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1982), \\\"Wrestlers\\\" (1981), \\\"Huckleberry Finn\\\" (1985), \\\"Catcher in the Rye\\\" (1998). Some\",\n \"title\": \"Georgi Cherkelov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11357325\",\n \"text\": \"Raindog Raindog is a Glasgow-based theatre company founded in 1990 by Robert Carlyle and Alexander Morton. Raindog's first production, \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", starring Alexander Morton as R.P McMurphy was received with great acclaim in 1991. Robert Carlyle won best director award. The stageplay was so popular that the theatre company produced another version two years later. Their second production, Macbeth, also starring Alexander Morton was equally successful. Robert Carlyle again won Best Director for his adaptation of Shakespeare's most famous play. Raindog was responsible for bringing Tommy Flanagan (\\\"Gladiator\\\", \\\"Braveheart\\\", \\\"Face/Off\\\", \\\"Aliens vs. Predator\\\") into public acclaim.\",\n \"title\": \"Raindog\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20378614\",\n \"text\": \"at Fantasy Records in Berkeley under the aegis of Ralph J. Gleason. Musical \\\"promo films\\\" (aka music videos) were among the first output of the newly formed department. Later, Fantasy Films, under the helm of owner Saul Zaentz, would produce the films \\\"Payday\\\", \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", \\\"Amadeus\\\", and \\\"The English Patient\\\", among others. The music videos that Zagone directed, shot, and edited were:<br> –Credence Clearwater Revival \\\"Sweet Hitch-Hiker'\\\"<br> –Redwing \\\"Shorty Go Home\\\"<br> –Jim Post \\\"Colorado High\\\" After leaving Fantasy Films in 1973, Zagone embarked on a freelance career, directing music shows, documentaries, high-tech visionary videos, and low\",\n \"title\": \"Robert N. Zagone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"781670\",\n \"text\": \"the family of Dalton Trumbo publicly disputed Douglas's claim. In the film \\\"Trumbo\\\" (2015), Douglas is portrayed by Dean O'Gorman. Douglas bought the rights to the novel \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" from its author, Ken Kesey. He turned it into a play in 1963 in which he starred, and it ran on Broadway for five months. Reviews were mixed. Douglas retained the movie rights, but after a decade of being unable to find a producer, gave the rights to his son, Michael. In 1975, the film version was produced by Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz, and starred Jack\",\n \"title\": \"Kirk Douglas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20338747\",\n \"text\": \"a series order for two seasons consisting of nine episodes apiece. Netflix reportedly won a bidding war over Hulu and Apple who also were interested in developing the project. The series was created by Evan Romansky who also wrote the pilot. His script was eventually received by television producer Ryan Murphy, who then spent a year securing the rights to the Nurse Ratched character and the participation of the Saul Zaentz estate and Michael Douglas, who owned the screen rights to \\\"One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest\\\". Murphy is expected to direct the pilot and executive produce alongside Douglas, Aleen\",\n \"title\": \"Ratched (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10392492\",\n \"text\": \"at the institute. Upon her arrival, a major earthquake rocks the building and unearths the now undead Dr. Ramzi and his legion of zombie patients. Filming took place at Agnew's Development Center in Santa Clara, California. Ken Kesey had previously used this as the setting for \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". The United States premiere was in October 1989. \\\"The Dead Pit\\\" received positive reviews upon release from \\\"Fangoria\\\" and \\\"Slaughterhouse\\\". \\\"Fangoria\\\" later included the film in its \\\"101 Best Horror Movies You've Never Seen\\\", where they wrote, \\\"This serious attempt at horror never quite hits its mark, evolving\",\n \"title\": \"The Dead Pit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9980413\",\n \"text\": \"behind the camera, producing several films throughout the 1970s and '80s. Much of Douglas' work has centered on projects involving his family, including acting as co-producer on \\\"The Jewel of the Nile\\\" and \\\"Romancing the Stone\\\", being an assistant director on \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" and in 2003, acting as associate producer on \\\"It Runs in the Family\\\", which featured Kirk, Michael and Michael's son Cameron. Joel Douglas has married four times. His first wife was Susan Jorgensen, whom he married in 1968. He married Judith Corso in 1975, then Patricia Reid-Douglas in 1986. His most recent marriage\",\n \"title\": \"Joel Douglas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8462972\",\n \"text\": \"Cuckoo's Nest\\\" was released in 1975 was based on the novel, but not on the play. DeVito reprised his stage role in the film. The 1963–64 Broadway production starred Kirk Douglas as Randle Patrick McMurphy, Gene Wilder as Billy Bibbit, William Daniels as Harding, Ed Ames as \\\"Chief\\\" Bromden, and Joan Tetzel as Nurse Ratched. Douglas retained the rights to make a film version of \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" for a decade, but was unable to find a studio willing to make it with him. Eventually, he gave the rights to his son Michael, who succeeded in getting\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13275775\",\n \"text\": \"1945 and was assigned to rebuild the Bavaria Film Studios. From 1951 he was working for United Artists and was responsible for the movie rental in Europe and South Africa. He also started to produce movies himself. In 1973 he became president of United Artists. Under his presidency United Artists won the Academy Award (\\\"Oscar\\\") for the best picture three years in a row (1975: \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", 1976: \\\"Rocky\\\", 1977: \\\"Annie Hall\\\"). In 1978, Pleskow left United Artists and built up Orion Pictures, which he directed until 1992. Their greatest successes under his management were \\\"Amadeus\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Eric Pleskow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9815905\",\n \"text\": \"the Meyer-Whitworth Award 1993 and the John Whiting Award 1991. He has had many West End productions as director and/or writer including: \\\"One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest\\\", \\\"Hitchcock Blonde\\\", \\\"Entertaining Mr Sloane\\\", \\\"The Graduate\\\", \\\"Dead Funny\\\", \\\"Hysteria\\\", \\\"Elton John's Glasses\\\" and \\\"The Memory of Water\\\". At the Royal Court Theatre he directed \\\"Dumb Show\\\" by Joe Penhall and opened his play \\\"Piano/Forte\\\". Johnson won the 2010 Tony Award for Best Director of a Musical for \\\"La Cage aux Folles\\\". He has worked with Chicago's Steppenwolf Theatre, directing John Malkovich in \\\"The Libertine\\\" (nominated for five Joseph Jefferson Awards including\",\n \"title\": \"Terry Johnson (dramatist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17638937\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Rosenberg (film producer) Michael Rosenberg is an American film industry executive and producer. is the Co-Chair of Imagine Entertainment, founded by producer Brian Grazer and director Ron Howard. In 1980, Rosenberg was executive vice president of Fantasy Films. Rosenberg was President of the Saul Zaentz Production Company and Fantasy Films in Berkeley, California for ten years, during which time the company released \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", \\\"Amadeus\\\", and \\\"The English Patient\\\". Rosenberg joined Imagine Entertainment in 1988 as Vice President of Marketing and Distribution. He organized the release of many films, including \\\"Parenthood\\\", \\\"Backdraft\\\", \\\"Apollo 13\\\", \\\"Ransom\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Rosenberg (film producer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11357326\",\n \"text\": \"Other actors such as Gary Lewis (\\\"Gangs of New York\\\", \\\"Billy Elliot\\\"), Barbara Rafferty (\\\"The Last King of Scotland\\\"), Peter Mullan (\\\"Shallow Grave\\\", \\\"Braveheart\\\"), Gavin Mitchell (\\\"Still Game\\\"), Kevin McKidd (\\\"Trainspotting\\\"), Caroline Paterson (\\\"EastEnders\\\", \\\"King Ralph\\\"), A.J. Morton (\\\"Silent Scream\\\") and Stuart Davids (\\\"Hamish Macbeth\\\") were active members of the company. Raindog Raindog is a Glasgow-based theatre company founded in 1990 by Robert Carlyle and Alexander Morton. Raindog's first production, \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", starring Alexander Morton as R.P McMurphy was received with great acclaim in 1991. Robert Carlyle won best director award. The stageplay was so popular\",\n \"title\": \"Raindog\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1591181\",\n \"text\": \"the most profitable films of its time, ending with a $260 million gross in the United States alone. The film won Academy Awards for its skillful editing, chilling score, and sound recording. It was also nominated for Best Picture that year, though it lost to Miloš Forman's \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (which also won acting awards for Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher). It spawned the successful sequel, \\\"Jaws 2\\\" in 1978, which featured the same cast, but without Steven Spielberg. Another tailor-made blockbuster, Dino De Laurentiis' \\\"King Kong\\\" was released, but to less than stellar success. \\\"King Kong\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"1970s in film\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3060301\",\n \"text\": \"was settled, with Warner Bros. and Fogerty changing the title and lyric to \\\"Vanz Kant Danz\\\". Zaentz lost on the copyright issue when a jury found Fogerty not liable. Fogerty in turn claimed the label misled him about investing and managing his earnings from royalties, resulting in a devastating financial loss. Years later, when Zaentz sold his interest in Fantasy, Fogerty almost immediately re-signed with the label. Zaentz received the Best Picture Oscar for three films, two of them directed by Miloš Forman—\\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975) and \\\"Amadeus\\\" (1984)—as well as for \\\"The English Patient\\\" (1996), directed\",\n \"title\": \"Saul Zaentz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134139\",\n \"text\": \"patients, Martini, in the 1971 off-Broadway production. Chief Bromden, played by Will Sampson, was found through the referral of a used car dealer Douglas met on an airplane flight when Douglas told him they wanted a big guy for the character. The dealer sold a lot of cars to Native Americans and six months later called Douglas to say: “the biggest sonofabitch Indian came in the other day!” Miloš Forman had considered Shelley Duvall for the role of Candy. While screening \\\"Thieves Like Us\\\" (1974) to see if she was right for the role, he became interested in Louise Fletcher,\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5876602\",\n \"text\": \"Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005\\\" list. In 2003 the book was listed on the BBC's The Big Read poll of the UK's 200 \\\"best-loved novels.\\\" The book is narrated by \\\"Chief\\\" Bromden, a gigantic yet docile half-Native American patient at a psychiatric hospital, who presents himself as deaf and mute. Bromden’s tale focuses mainly on the antics of the rebellious Randle Patrick McMurphy, who faked insanity to serve his sentence for battery and gambling in the hospital rather than at a prison work farm. The head administrative nurse, Nurse Ratched, rules the ward with absolute authority and little\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11649803\",\n \"text\": \"Danny DeVito filmography The following is the filmography for American actor, producer, and director Danny DeVito. He has appeared in the films \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975), \\\"Car Wash\\\" (1976), \\\"Terms of Endearment\\\" (1983), \\\"Romancing the Stone\\\" (1984) and its sequel \\\"The Jewel of the Nile\\\" (1985), \\\"Ruthless People\\\" (1986), \\\"Throw Momma from the Train\\\" (1987), \\\"Twins\\\" (1988), \\\"The War of the Roses\\\" (1989), \\\"Batman Returns\\\" (1992), \\\"Renaissance Man\\\" (1994), \\\"Get Shorty\\\" (1995), \\\"Matilda\\\" (1996), \\\"Man on the Moon\\\" (1999), \\\"Drowning Mona\\\" (2000), \\\"Be Cool\\\" (2005), and added his voice to the 2012 film \\\"The Lorax\\\". He has\",\n \"title\": \"Danny DeVito filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8462973\",\n \"text\": \"the film produced. At that time, Kirk Douglas was deemed too old for the role of McMurphy, and the role was given to Jack Nicholson. In 1982 Greg Hersov directed a production at the Royal Exchange, Manchester with Jonathan Hackett as Randle McMurphy, Linda Marlowe as Nurse Ratched and Tim McInnerny as Billy Bibbitt. In April 1988, the Playhouse Theatre was the site for the first London production of \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". The play was brought to the London stage by Cuckoo Productions, formed by Diane Hilton, Karin Parnaby, and Judy Kershaw. They raised £100,000 in 24\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13134147\",\n \"text\": \"the early stages of script development, but withdrew after creative differences with the producers over casting and narrative point of view; ultimately he filed suit against the production and won a settlement. Kesey himself claimed never to have seen the movie, but said he disliked what he knew of it, a fact confirmed by Chuck Palahniuk, who wrote, \\\"The first time I heard this story, it was through the movie starring Jack Nicholson. A movie that Kesey once told me he disliked.\\\" In 1993, this film was deemed \\\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\\\" by the United States Library of Congress\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"404958\",\n \"text\": \"One Night\\\" and \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\"), to win Academy Awards in all the top five categories: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Adapted Screenplay. It is also the first (and so far only) Best Picture winner widely considered to be a horror film, and only the third such film to be nominated in the category, after \\\"The Exorcist\\\" (1973) and \\\"Jaws\\\" (1975). It is regularly cited by critics, film directors, and audiences alike as one of the greatest and most influential films of all time. In 2018, \\\"Empire\\\" ranked it 48th, on their\",\n \"title\": \"The Silence of the Lambs (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9718331\",\n \"text\": \"Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". The film won all five top Academy Awards including an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Goldman. This was the first film to win the top five awards since Frank Capra's \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" in 1934. For his work on the film Goldman also received the Writers Guild Award and the Golden Globe Award. He next wrote \\\"The Rose\\\" (1979), which was nominated for four Academy Awards. This was followed by his original screenplay \\\"Melvin and Howard\\\" (1980) which garnered Goldman his second Oscar, second Writers Guild Award, and the New York Film\",\n \"title\": \"Bo Goldman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5876615\",\n \"text\": \"in ABC's \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\", where they are portrayed by Ingrid Torrance and Peter Marcin. Netflix and Ryan Murphy are producing a prequel series titled Ratched which follows Sarah Paulson playing a younger version of Nurse Ratched, with a two-season, eighteen-episode order. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962) is a novel written by Ken Kesey. Set in an Oregon psychiatric hospital, the narrative serves as a study of institutional processes and the human mind as well as a critique of behaviorism and a tribute to individualistic principles. It was adapted into\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1386354\",\n \"text\": \"Will Sampson William \\\"Will\\\" Sampson Jr. (September 27, 1933 – June 3, 1987) was a Native American painter, actor, and rodeo performer. He is best known for his performance as the apparent deaf and mute Native American Chief Bromden in \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" and as Worm in the 1977 western \\\"The White Buffalo\\\", as well as his roles as Taylor in \\\"\\\" and Ten Bears in 1976's \\\"The Outlaw Josey Wales\\\". William \\\"Will\\\" Sampson Jr., also known by his childhood nickname, \\\"Sonny,\\\" a full-blooded Muscogee (Creek) Native American Indian, was born in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma to William\",\n \"title\": \"Will Sampson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15968498\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Berger (sound engineer) Mark Berger (born May 14, 1943) is an American sound engineer. He has won four Academy Awards for Best Sound. He holds the Academy Award record for \\\"perfect score\\\" with 4 nominations and 4 wins. He is best known for his work on \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\" (1974), \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975) and \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). He has worked on more than 170 films since 1973. Berger studied experimental psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. He took part in the recording of some documentaries for radio about the opposition to Vietnam. Through\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Berger (sound engineer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15531557\",\n \"text\": \"whom Chew has worked include: Cameron Crowe, Paul Brickman, Bruce Joel Rubin, and Emilio Estevez. Chew was Oscar-nominated for \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest\\\". He also won British Oscars (BAFTA) as co-editor on both \\\"The Conversation\\\" and \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest\\\". His work on \\\"Shanghai Noon\\\" was nominated for Best Feature Comedy by American Cinema Editors. At various times throughout his editing career, Chew has taught and lectured with the goal of enhancing audience appreciation for the cinema arts. For over thirty years, he has appeared at art schools and colleges, churches, and community groups. On January\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Chew\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5340774\",\n \"text\": \"Sydney Lassick Sydney Lassick (July 23, 1922 – April 12, 2003) was an American actor perhaps best known for his role as Charlie Cheswick in the feature film \\\"One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest\\\". Lassick's first name was sometimes spelled \\\"Sidney\\\". He was born in Chicago, Illinois to Russian Jewish immigrants. Lassick, who served in the U.S. Navy during World War II, and afterwards studied drama at DePaul University, first began acting in both films and TV shows in the late 1950s. Portly and bespectacled, with a high-pitched voice and a nervous disposition, Lassick was usually cast as peevish neurotics,\",\n \"title\": \"Sydney Lassick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12258065\",\n \"text\": \"Academy. Nicholson's acting career spans over sixty years. He has won three Academy Awards, and with twelve nominations, he is the most nominated male actor in the Academy's history. Among his most notable films are \\\"Easy Rider\\\" (1969), \\\"Five Easy Pieces\\\" (1970), \\\"The Last Detail\\\" (1973), \\\"Chinatown\\\" (1974), \\\"The Passenger\\\" (1975), \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975), \\\"The Shining\\\" (1980), \\\"Terms of Endearment\\\" (1983), \\\"Batman\\\" (1989), \\\"A Few Good Men\\\" (1992), \\\"As Good as It Gets\\\" (1997), \\\"About Schmidt\\\" (2002), \\\"Something's Gotta Give\\\" (2003), \\\"The Departed\\\" (2006), and \\\"The Bucket List\\\" (2007). Jack Nicholson John Joseph Nicholson (born April\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Nicholson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14339406\",\n \"text\": \"and Max Sparber's The Older Gentleman as part of the Vital Drama League Alumnifest. He wrote the Drama League Benefit honoring James Earl Jones in February 2015, and is writing the Drama League Centennial Benefit honoring Bernadette Peters in November 2015. Rob directed Kirk Smith's Deluge at Concordia College, Dale Wasserman's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest at the University of Oregon, Lillian Hellman's The Children's Hour at Bloomsburg University, Maxwell Anderson's Bad Seed at Doane College and LaGuardia Community College, Death By Design: A Comedy With Songs and Murder andJohn Guare's Landscape of the Body. He directedShakespeare's The Winter's\",\n \"title\": \"Rob Urbinati\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14431442\",\n \"text\": \"three-year investigation of the collapse of the WTC buildings. Today, Diodato continues to shoot commercial assignments while working on many personal projects. Diodato's first monograph, entitled \\\"Care of Ward 81\\\", was released in July 2010 and published by Golden Section Publishers, LLC and has since been recognized with awards by Eric Hoffer Book Award, Communication Arts, American Photography, International Book award, and PDN. In 2005, Diodato was granted permission by the Oregon State Legislation to photograph the then-closed Oregon State Mental Hospital, the same hospital where the Academy Award–winning film \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest\\\" was filmed. As Diodato\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Diodato\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8462975\",\n \"text\": \"Johnson and Tamara Harvey. The show was a huge box office hit and transferred to London's Gielgud Theatre where it ran for over 20 weeks. This production was itself revived in 2006 with Alex Kingston taking over the role of Nurse Ratched. It then toured the UK in 2007 with Shane Richie playing McMurphy and Sophie Ward Nurse Ratched. A production of the play was staged by London's Tower Theatre Company 23–27 October 2012 Upstairs at the Gatehouse, Highgate, London. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1963) is a play based on Ken\",\n \"title\": \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"846783\",\n \"text\": \"Arts in Drama from the University of California, Santa Barbara. His early acting roles included film, stage, and television productions. Douglas first achieved prominence for his performance in the ABC police procedural television series \\\"The Streets of San Francisco\\\", for which he received three consecutive Emmy Award nominations. In 1975, Douglas produced \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", having acquired the rights to the Ken Kesey novel from his father. The film received critical and popular acclaim, and won the Academy Award for Best Picture, earning Douglas his first Oscar as one of the film's producers. After leaving \\\"The Streets\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Douglas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15531556\",\n \"text\": \"UCLA with a B.A. in Philosophy. After a stint at Harvard Law School, Chew, inspired by the independent cinema of the 1960s, left school to pursue a film career. Starting with his camera and editing work on documentaries, such as \\\"The Redwoods\\\", an Oscar winner for Best Short Documentary in 1967, he eventually transitioned to editing feature films as co-editor on Francis Coppola's \\\"The Conversation\\\", Miloš Forman's \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest\\\", and George Lucas's \\\"Star Wars\\\". During his varied career, he has edited films for actor-directors such as Jack Nicholson, Tom Hanks, and Forest Whitaker. Other writer-directors with\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Chew\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17097259\",\n \"text\": \"A Cuckoo in the Nest (film) A Cuckoo in the Nest is a 1933 British film, directed by Tom Walls, with a script by Ben Travers. It is a screen adaption of the original 1925 Aldwych farce of the same title. The film was remade in 1954 as \\\"Fast and Loose\\\". It was made at Lime Grove Studios. The film's sets were designed by Alfred Junge. Peter and Barbara Wyckham plan to travel by railway from London to a country house in Somerset, but Peter misses the train. Another intending traveller in a similar plight is Marguerite Hickett, an old\",\n \"title\": \"A Cuckoo in the Nest (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"552414\",\n \"text\": \"Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" in 1975 and \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\" in 1991. \\\"It Happened One Night\\\" was also the last film to win both lead acting Academy Awards until \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" in 1975. On December 15, 1996, Gable's Oscar was auctioned off to Steven Spielberg for $607,500; Spielberg promptly donated the statuette to the Motion Picture Academy. On June 9 of the following year, Colbert's Oscar was offered for auction by Christie's, but no bids were made for it. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: \\\"It Happened One\",\n \"title\": \"It Happened One Night\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19093332\",\n \"text\": \"ended in 2007, when Williams founded her own production company, Grain of Sand Productions. Further credits have included 2001's \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", which also earned a Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play, and \\\"Noises Off\\\"; 2002's \\\"The Elephant Man\\\", \\\"Flower Drum Song\\\" and Pulitzer Prize-winner \\\"Topdog/Underdog\\\"; 2003's \\\"Gypsy\\\" and \\\"Ragtime\\\"; 2004's \\\"Bombay Dreams\\\", which Williams and her creative team re-worked from its British original to a version American audiences could more easily grasp — an adaptation then taken up by Andrew Lloyd Webber to replace the original UK version, as well as \\\"By The Bog\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Williams (producer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9429284\",\n \"text\": \"given periodically to professionals in theater who also teach and mentor students. Medoff has been married to second wife Stephanie Thorne since 1972; they have three daughters. Medoff's theatre directing credits include \\\"Waiting for Godot\\\", \\\"The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds\\\", \\\"Jacques Brel is Alive and Well and Living in Paris\\\", \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", \\\"Equus\\\", and \\\"Hot L Baltimore.\\\" As an actor, he has appeared in the plays \\\"Marat/Sade\\\", \\\"Black Comedy/White Lies\\\", and \\\"Old Times\\\", among others, and the films \\\"The Twilight of the Golds\\\", \\\"Santa Fe\\\", \\\"Homage\\\", \\\"Red Ryder\\\", and \\\"Clara's Heart\\\". Mark Medoff\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Medoff\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17338942\",\n \"text\": \"the 1970s, he granted permission for the film \\\"One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1975) to be shot in the Oregon Hospital, letting the film crew stay at the mental hospital; Brooks also portrayed \\\"Dr. John Spivey\\\" in the film. During the shooting, Brooks diagnosed actor William Redfield with leukemia. Dr. Brooks was known for his \\\"patient-centered\\\" approach to caring for the patients at Oregon State Hospital and monitored the treatment of patients by making rounds on every shift. He was deeply involved in community and church activities locally by founding the Willamette Valley Hospice and developing the Salem Pops\",\n \"title\": \"Dean Brooks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5400048\",\n \"text\": \"about moments relevant to Homer's life. Jon Vitti wrote the episode, and Carlos Baeza directed it. This is \\\"The Simpsons\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> first clip show, and it features clips from the first three seasons of the series. It was created to relieve the long hours put in by all of the show's overworked staff. The episode features cultural references to films such as \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", \\\"Raiders of the Lost Ark\\\", and \\\"Fantastic Voyage\\\". The episode received positive reviews from critics. It was called \\\"as good as a clip show ever gets\\\" and acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.9.\",\n \"title\": \"So It's Come to This: A Simpsons Clip Show\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18663300\",\n \"text\": \"2015 interview: \\\"The director said he was looking for Nellie Bly's smile and that optimistic spirit, and he felt my audition was the one that really had that smile and the brightness and optimism.\\\" Principal photography took place in Salem, Oregon, a location known for another film that shed light on injustices in the mental health world, \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\". The physical location was an abandoned mental institution with no electricity, which meant the actors had to perform in 10 degree temperatures, which Barry suggests added to the depth of the film's performances. Other elements of the\",\n \"title\": \"10 Days in a Madhouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14848583\",\n \"text\": \"Fantasticks\\\" (Henry), \\\"Terra Nova\\\" (Bowers), \\\"The Dresser\\\" (Geoffrey Thornton), \\\"True West\\\" (Saul Kimmer), \\\"Curse of the Starving Class\\\" (Weston), \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (Scanlon), \\\"Lady of the Diamond\\\" (Sportscaster), \\\"Write Me a Murder\\\" (Charles Sturrock), \\\"She Stoops to Conquer\\\" (Stingo), \\\"Ah, Wilderness!\\\" (David McComber), \\\"Loot\\\" (Meadows), \\\"Tartuffe\\\" (Damis), \\\"The Caretaker\\\" (Mick), \\\"Steambath\\\" (Morty), \\\"Comedians\\\" (Phil Murray), \\\"King Lear\\\" (Oswald), \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\" (Puck), \\\"Measure for Measure\\\" (Pompey), and \\\"The Greeks\\\" (Odysseus). His film appearances include \\\"The Taking of Pelham One Two Three\\\", \\\"Night of the Juggler\\\", \\\"I, the Jury\\\", and \\\"To Smithereens\\\". His television credit is the\",\n \"title\": \"Timothy Meyers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7872378\",\n \"text\": \"he mostly worked in the Lenkom Theatre. In 2000 he appeared in \\\"Still Waters\\\", and in \\\"The Christmas Miracle\\\" with Chulpan Khamatova. In 2002 he appeared in the TV series \\\"Next\\\" (the title being the actual English word) playing a Russian oligarch. In 2003 he appeared in the sequel \\\"Next 2\\\"; the following year he was in \\\"About Love\\\". In 2005 Abdulov appeared in the TV series \\\"Anna Karenina\\\" and \\\"The Master and Margarita\\\". In 2006 he directed the play \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" at the Lenkom and played the lead character of Randall P. McMurphy (played by\",\n \"title\": \"Aleksandr Abdulov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15771641\",\n \"text\": \"Kirk Douglas, Leonard Nimoy, Aleksandr Abdulov, Gary Sinise, Christian Slater, Shane Ritchie, Roman Wilhelmi, (Polish adaptation), Bernard Tapie (French adaptation), Ibrahim Amr, (Egyptian adaptation), Jiří Hrdina, (Czech adaptation), and most recently by Uri Meir. Randle McMurphy Randle Patrick \\\"Mac\\\" McMurphy (also known as R.P. McMurphy) is the protagonist of Ken Kesey's novel \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\" (1962). He appears in the stage and film adaptations of the novel as well. Jack Nicholson portrayed Randle Patrick McMurphy in the film adaption, earning him an Academy Award for Best Actor. He was nominated on the \\\"Heroes\\\" list of AFI's 100\",\n \"title\": \"Randle McMurphy\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who directed one flew over the cuckoos nest"}}},{"rowIdx":83,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Steven Robert Weber"],"string":"[\n \"Steven Robert Weber\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"6815055","text":"Steven Weber (actor) Steven Robert Weber (born March 4, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Brian Hackett on the television show \"Wings\" which aired from April 1990 to May 1997 on NBC and as Sam Blue in \"Once and Again\". He had a recurring role on \"iZombie\" as Vaughn du Clark. He plays Mayor Douglas Hamilton on \"\" in a recurring role. Weber was born in Briarwood, Queens, New York. His mother, Fran (née Frankel), was a nightclub singer, and his father, Stuart Weber, was a nightclub performer and manager of Borscht Belt","title":"Steven Weber (actor)"},{"id":"6815062","text":"in Berkshire, England. She filed for divorce on February 6, 2013, after 17 years of marriage. The couple has two sons. Steven Weber (actor) Steven Robert Weber (born March 4, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Brian Hackett on the television show \"Wings\" which aired from April 1990 to May 1997 on NBC and as Sam Blue in \"Once and Again\". He had a recurring role on \"iZombie\" as Vaughn du Clark. He plays Mayor Douglas Hamilton on \"\" in a recurring role. Weber was born in Briarwood, Queens, New York. His mother,","title":"Steven Weber (actor)"},{"id":"17840280","text":"NCIS: New Orleans NCIS: New Orleans is an American television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres that premiered on Tuesday, September 23, 2014, following its parent series \"NCIS\". The pilot was written by Gary Glasberg. The series stars Scott Bakula and CCH Pounder, and is executively produced by Glasberg, Mark Harmon, James Hayman and Chris Silber. The series is set and filmed in New Orleans. It is the third series of the \"NCIS\" franchise. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season. The season premiered on September 25, 2018. \"NCIS: New","title":"NCIS: New Orleans"},{"id":"2936738","text":"Jeffrey Tambor Jeffrey Michael Tambor (born July 8, 1944) is an American actor, voice artist and comedian. He is known for his television roles such as Hank Kingsley on \"The Larry Sanders Show\" (1992–1998), George Bluth Sr. and Oscar Bluth on \"Arrested Development\" (2003–2006, 2013, 2018) and Maura Pfefferman on \"Transparent\" (2014–2017). His film roles include Jay Porter in \"...And Justice for All\" (1979), Jinx Latham in \"Mr. Mom\" (1983), Sully in \"There's Something About Mary\" (1998), the Mayor of Whoville in \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\" (2000), King Neptune in \"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\" (2004), Tom Manning in \"Hellboy\"","title":"Jeffrey Tambor"},{"id":"17840289","text":"It has always been here. It forever will be.\" NCIS: New Orleans NCIS: New Orleans is an American television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres that premiered on Tuesday, September 23, 2014, following its parent series \"NCIS\". The pilot was written by Gary Glasberg. The series stars Scott Bakula and CCH Pounder, and is executively produced by Glasberg, Mark Harmon, James Hayman and Chris Silber. The series is set and filmed in New Orleans. It is the third series of the \"NCIS\" franchise. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season.","title":"NCIS: New Orleans"},{"id":"17840283","text":"series for a third season, which premiered on September 20, 2016. Show creator and executive producer Gary Glasberg, age 50, died unexpectedly on September 28, 2016. On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 26, 2017. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on September 25, 2018. Scott Bakula was cast as the series lead on February 2014 with CCH Pounder, Zoe McLellan and Lucas Black joining soon thereafter. Rob Kerkovich joined the cast in July. He was the final original cast member to join","title":"NCIS: New Orleans"},{"id":"7613302","text":"Taran Killam Taran Hourie Killam (born April 1, 1982) is an American actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for his television work on shows such as \"The Amanda Show\", \"Wild 'n Out\", \"Mad TV\", and \"Saturday Night Live\". Killam is also known for his portrayal of a teen pop star in the 2004 Disney Channel Original Movie \"Stuck in the Suburbs\". Killam performed the role of King George III in the Broadway production of \"Hamilton\" at the Richard Rodgers Theatre, ending his run on the evening of April 13, 2017. Killam was born on April 1, 1982 in","title":"Taran Killam"},{"id":"9171732","text":"Nestor Carbonell Néstor Gastón Carbonell (; born December 1, 1967) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. He came to prominence for his role as Luis Rivera in the NBC sitcom \"Suddenly Susan\". He is known for his roles as Richard Alpert in the ABC drama series \"Lost\" and Sheriff Alex Romero in the A&E drama series \"Bates Motel\". Carbonell also starred as Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's superhero films \"The Dark Knight\" (2008) and \"The Dark Knight Rises\" (2012). Carbonell was born in New York City to Cuban parents Néstor Tulio Carbonell Cortina and Rosa Ramírez de Arellano","title":"Nestor Carbonell"},{"id":"14611118","text":"Meredith Eaton, Joe Spano, Diane Neal, and Leslie Hope have all guest-starred on \"NCIS: New Orleans\". \"NCIS\" airs on Network Ten and TV Hits (formerly TV1) in Australia, Global (syndicated on Showcase and Lifetime) in Canada, TV3 and The Box in New Zealand, Seriale+ (premieres), TVN (free-TV premieres), TVN7 (reruns), AXN (reruns) and TV Puls (reruns) in Poland, and Fox, CBS Action, Universal, Channel 5 and 5USA in the United Kingdom. The first 11 seasons of \"NCIS\" have been released in Regions 1, 2, and 4. In Germany (Region 2), seasons 1–4 and 5–8 were released in two separate sets","title":"NCIS (TV series)"},{"id":"12525239","text":"Cress Williams Cress Williams (born July 26, 1970) is an American actor, known for his roles in \"Prison Break\" and \"Close to Home\". His most recent roles include Mayor Lavon Hayes on The CW series \"Hart of Dixie\" as well as the title character on The CW's \"Black Lightning\". Williams is also best known for his recurring role as Terrence \"Scooter\" Williams on Fox's \"Living Single\". Williams was born in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany, to American parents. He attended Fullerton College and UCLA. On October 14, 2000, Williams married actress Simbi Khali in Malibu, California. The couple have two children","title":"Cress Williams"},{"id":"13353152","text":"Donald Fullilove Donald \"Don\" Fullilove (born May 16, 1958 in Dallas, Texas) is an American film and voice actor who has had a role in numerous projects over the course of his forty-year plus career in both films and television. He portrayed Hill Valley, California Mayor Goldie Wilson in the first \"Back to the Future\" movie, and his grandson hovermobile salesman Goldie Wilson III in \"Back to the Future Part II\", and more recently he has had a role as Nurse George, a character in Pixar's \"Up\". He also provided the voice of Michael Jackson as a child voice actor","title":"Donald Fullilove"},{"id":"19656725","text":"Jon Rua Jon Rua (born Jonathan Rua, August 14, 1983) is an American actor, singer, and choreographer, best known for his roles in Broadway musicals such as \"Hamilton\", \"In the Heights\", and \"Hands on a Hardbody\". Rua was the choreographer for the 2016 Muny production of \"Aida\" in St. Louis, and a creative consultant for the 2016 musical \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", joining its Broadway cast in 2017. Rua was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey and grew up in nearby Linden. His parents, Maria Nohelia Castañeda Cano and Elibanier \"Marco\" Rua, were both immigrants from Colombia. Rua graduated in 2001 from Linden","title":"Jon Rua"},{"id":"11586261","text":"Leonard Harris (actor) Leonard Harris (September 27, 1929 – August 28, 2011) was an American critic, author, and actor. He played Senator Charles Palantine in the Martin Scorsese film \"Taxi Driver\" and the mayor in \"Hero at Large\". Leonard Jerome Harris was born in the Bronx on Sept. 27, 1929. He graduated from City College and served in the Army at Fort Dix during the Korean War. In 1961 he married Mary Ann Wurth. They had two children: Sarah and David Harris. They divorced in 1973. He also had homes in Stanfordville, N.Y., and West Palm Beach, Fla. Mr. Harris","title":"Leonard Harris (actor)"},{"id":"8898347","text":"Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace (born July 15, 1930) is an American actor of film, stage, and television. Wallace was born as Leo Melis in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Celia (née Gross) and Eddie Melis. His movie roles include more than a dozen productions big and small, including \"Klute\" (1971), \"The Hot Rock\" (1972), \"The Taking of Pelham One Two Three\" (1974) as the Mayor of New York City, \"The Happy Hooker\" (1975), \"Diary of the Dead\" (1976), \"Thieves\" (1977), \"Private Benjamin\" (1980) as Mr. Waxman, \"World War III\" (1982), \"Daniel\" (1983), \"Batman\" (1989) as Gotham City's Mayor","title":"Lee Wallace (actor)"},{"id":"19284621","text":"Hamilton (album) Hamilton is the cast album to the 2015 musical \"Hamilton\". The musical is based on the 2004 biography of Alexander Hamilton written by Ron Chernow, with music, lyrics, and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda. The recording stars Lin-Manuel Miranda, Leslie Odom Jr., Phillipa Soo, Renée Elise Goldsberry, Christopher Jackson, Daveed Diggs, Anthony Ramos, Okieriete Onaodowan, Jasmine Cephas Jones, and Jonathan Groff. It also features Jon Rua, Thayne Jasperson, Sydney James Harcourt, Ariana DeBose, and Sasha Hutchings. The musicians on the album are Alex Lacamoire, Kurt Crowley, Andres Forero, Robin Macatangay, Richard Hammond, Benny Reiner, Jonathan Dinklage, Erin Benim Mayland,","title":"Hamilton (album)"},{"id":"18366415","text":"Avengers: Infinity War Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\", and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Don Cheadle, Tom Holland, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Anthony","title":"Avengers: Infinity War"},{"id":"17840286","text":"New Orleans\" airs simultaneously on Global in Canada. In Australia, the series premiered on Network Ten on October 7, 2014. The series has been sold to Channel 5 in the United Kingdom, which premiered it on February 13, 2015. From season 4 onwards, the series will premiere on Fox UK on Fridays at 9PM starting on July 20, 2018. The series has also been sold to Prime in New Zealand and Fox in Asia. On April 2, 2015, the series began airing on South Africa's M-Net cable TV service and is broadcast to several other sub-Saharan African nations via DStv.","title":"NCIS: New Orleans"},{"id":"11433921","text":"Ritchie Coster Ritchie Coster (born 1 July 1967) is an English actor. He is best known for playing the roles of Dietrich Banning in \"The Tuxedo\" (2002), Chechen in \"The Dark Knight\" (2008), Elias Kassar in \"Blackhat\" (2015), Mayor Austin Chessani on the second season of the HBO anthology television series \"True Detective\" and Francisco Scaramucci / Mr. Blue on the SyFy television series \"Happy!\". Coster was born in London, England. He attended the Latymer School, Edmonton and later trained in acting at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Coster has played varies roles throughout his career, in the","title":"Ritchie Coster"},{"id":"9594189","text":"Thomas Aquinas College, majoring in Communication Arts and English, before studying at Herbert Berghof Studio in New York City. Hamilton served on the Hollywood Board of Directors of Screen Actors Guild. and on the guild's New Technologies Committee. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Brian Hamilton (actor) Brian Hamilton (born July 24, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor. He was born at Good Samaritan Hospital in Suffern, New York and raised in nearby Thiells. Hamilton has appeared in scores of television commercials. He has also voiced Nostradamus on the Cartoon Network series \"Time Squad\" and appeared in","title":"Brian Hamilton (actor)"},{"id":"17840287","text":"\"NCIS: New Orleans\" has received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season of the show a rating of 65%, based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's consensus reads, \"With a solid cast in a beautiful locale, \"NCIS: New Orleans\" makes extending this well-worn franchise look like the Big Easy.\" Metacritic gives the show a score of 55 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". In late September 2014, \"The Wrap\"s journalist Jason Hughes reviewed the pilot episode of the series, praising the music, the use","title":"NCIS: New Orleans"},{"id":"14611126","text":"stars Scott Bakula as Special Agent Dwayne Cassius Pride, Lucas Black as Special Agent Christopher LaSalle, Zoe McLellan as Special Agent Meredith \"Merri\" Brody, Rob Kerkovich as Sebastian Lund, and CCH Pounder as Dr. Loretta Wade. Daryl \"Chill\" Mitchell, Shalita Grant and Vanessa Ferlito joined the main cast later, portraying computer specialist Patton Plame, Special Agent Sonja Percy, and Special Agent Tammy Gregorio, respectively. On May 9, 2014, \"NCIS: New Orleans\" was picked up by CBS and was renewed for a second season on January 12, 2015. \"NCIS\" and \"NCIS: New Orleans\" have had two crossovers. \"NCIS\" has received many","title":"NCIS (TV series)"},{"id":"4436152","text":"Michael Lerner (actor) Michael Lerner (born June 22, 1941) is an American character actor in film, television and theater. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"Barton Fink\" (1991). Lerner has also played Arnold Rothstein in \"Eight Men Out\" (1988), Phil Gillman in \"Amos & Andrew\" (1993), Mayor Ebert in Roland Emmerich's \"Godzilla\" (1998), Mr. Greenway in \"Elf\" (2003), and Senator Brickman in \"\" (2014). Lerner was born in Brooklyn, New York, of Romanian-Jewish descent, the son of Blanche and George Lerner, a fisherman and antiques dealer. He was raised in the","title":"Michael Lerner (actor)"},{"id":"19284626","text":"musicians for recording Hamilton (album) Hamilton is the cast album to the 2015 musical \"Hamilton\". The musical is based on the 2004 biography of Alexander Hamilton written by Ron Chernow, with music, lyrics, and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda. The recording stars Lin-Manuel Miranda, Leslie Odom Jr., Phillipa Soo, Renée Elise Goldsberry, Christopher Jackson, Daveed Diggs, Anthony Ramos, Okieriete Onaodowan, Jasmine Cephas Jones, and Jonathan Groff. It also features Jon Rua, Thayne Jasperson, Sydney James Harcourt, Ariana DeBose, and Sasha Hutchings. The musicians on the album are Alex Lacamoire, Kurt Crowley, Andres Forero, Robin Macatangay, Richard Hammond, Benny Reiner, Jonathan Dinklage,","title":"Hamilton (album)"},{"id":"18216760","text":"Libby Villari Margaret Elizabeth \"Libby\" Villari (née Webb; born November 17, 1951) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Mayor Lucy Rodell on \"Friday Night Lights\". Her film appearances include \"Infamous\", \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\", \"Boys Don't Cry\", and \"The Faculty\". Born Margaret Elizabeth Webb in North Carolina, she grew up in California, later moving to Texas. Her mother was Peggy Lee (née Walters; 1931–2004) and her father was Roy Frank Webb (1924–1973). She graduated from University of North Texas with a B.A in Theatre. An active performer in the Texas theatre community, she","title":"Libby Villari"},{"id":"2237144","text":"George Hamilton (actor) George Stevens Hamilton (born August 12, 1939) is an American film and television actor. His notable films include \"Home from the Hill\" (1960), \"By Love Possessed\" (1961), \"Light in the Piazza\" (1962), \"Your Cheatin' Heart\" (1964), \"Once Is Not Enough\" (1975), \"Love at First Bite\" (1979), \"Zorro, The Gay Blade\" (1981), \"The Godfather Part III\" (1990), \"Doc Hollywood\" (1991), \"8 Heads in a Duffle Bag\" (1997), \"Hollywood Ending\" (2002) and \"The Congressman\" (2016). For his debut performance in \"Crime and Punishment U.S.A.\" (1959), Hamilton won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for a BAFTA Award. He","title":"George Hamilton (actor)"},{"id":"18043565","text":"film debut in the ensemble romantic comedy \"New Year's Eve\" (2011). Michele then voiced the main character Dorothy Gale in the animated film \"\" (2014). She then starred as Hester Ulrich in Fox's horror-comedy series \"Scream Queens\" (2015–2016). Michele currently portrays Valentina Barrella in the ABC sitcom \"The Mayor\" (2017). ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class=\"unsortable\"| Notes ! class=\"unsortable\"| Ref Lea Michele credits The following is the list of film, television and theatre credits for American actress, singer, and author Lea Michele. Michele came to worldwide prominence after being cast in the main role of Rachel Berry in","title":"Lea Michele credits"},{"id":"9594188","text":"Brian Hamilton (actor) Brian Hamilton (born July 24, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor. He was born at Good Samaritan Hospital in Suffern, New York and raised in nearby Thiells. Hamilton has appeared in scores of television commercials. He has also voiced Nostradamus on the Cartoon Network series \"Time Squad\" and appeared in such television shows as \"Days of Our Lives\", \"Café Americain\", and \"The Edge\". At age fifteen, while still in high school, he began acting professionally at Penguin Repertory, a summer stock theatre in Stony Point, New York. He attended North Rockland High School and St.","title":"Brian Hamilton (actor)"},{"id":"20183067","text":"average, assigned a score of 72 out of 100 based on 19 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The Mayor (TV series) The Mayor was an American sitcom television series, created by Jeremy Bronson. The series was produced by ABC Studios, with Bronson serving as showrunner. It aired on ABC from October 3 to December 12, 2017. The series stars Brandon Micheal Hall as Courtney Rose, an aspiring rapper who unwittingly becomes the mayor of his hometown after running to gain publicity for his music. Lea Michele and Yvette Nicole Brown also star, with newcomers Bernard David Jones and Marcel Spears.","title":"The Mayor (TV series)"},{"id":"3940870","text":"Lane Smith Walter Lane Smith III (April 29, 1936 – June 13, 2005) was an American actor. His well-known roles included portraying collaborator entrepreneur Nathan Bates in the NBC television series \"V\", Mayor Bates in the film \"Red Dawn\", newspaper editor Perry White in the ABC series \"\", Coach Jack Reilly in \"The Mighty Ducks\", district attorney Jim Trotter III in \"My Cousin Vinny\" and American President Richard Nixon in \"The Final Days\", for which he received a Golden Globe award nomination. Lane Smith was born in 1936 in Memphis, Tennessee. He graduated from the Leelanau School, a boarding school","title":"Lane Smith"},{"id":"11586263","text":"Levin in \"The New York Times Book Review\". A fourth novel was published posthumously. He died on August 28, 2011 in Hartford, Connecticut, aged 81, from complications of pneumonia. Leonard Harris (actor) Leonard Harris (September 27, 1929 – August 28, 2011) was an American critic, author, and actor. He played Senator Charles Palantine in the Martin Scorsese film \"Taxi Driver\" and the mayor in \"Hero at Large\". Leonard Jerome Harris was born in the Bronx on Sept. 27, 1929. He graduated from City College and served in the Army at Fort Dix during the Korean War. In 1961 he married","title":"Leonard Harris (actor)"},{"id":"3057124","text":"Alan Ruck Alan Douglas Ruck (born July 1, 1956) is an American actor. He played Cameron Frye, Ferris Bueller's hypochondriac best friend in John Hughes' \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" (1986), and Stuart Bondek, the lecherous, power-hungry member of the mayor's staff in the ABC sitcom \"Spin City\". His other notable films include \"Bad Boys\" (1983), \"Three Fugitives\" (1989), \"Young Guns II\" (1990), \"Speed\" (1994), \"Twister\" (1996), and \"Kickin' It Old Skool\" (2007). In 2016, he co-starred with Geena Davis in an updated Fox TV adaptation of William Peter Blatty's best-selling novel \"The Exorcist.\" Ruck was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to","title":"Alan Ruck"},{"id":"13353153","text":"in the animated ABC-TV Saturday Morning series \"The Jackson 5ive\" (1971–73). He also appeared in \"Partysaurus Rex\", a \"Toy Story\" short film. He also currently has a recurring role as Reginald in \"American Dad!\". Fullilove, who graduated from Crenshaw High School in Los Angeles in 1976 and currently resides in Burbank, California. Donald Fullilove Donald \"Don\" Fullilove (born May 16, 1958 in Dallas, Texas) is an American film and voice actor who has had a role in numerous projects over the course of his forty-year plus career in both films and television. He portrayed Hill Valley, California Mayor Goldie Wilson","title":"Donald Fullilove"},{"id":"20183063","text":"The Mayor (TV series) The Mayor was an American sitcom television series, created by Jeremy Bronson. The series was produced by ABC Studios, with Bronson serving as showrunner. It aired on ABC from October 3 to December 12, 2017. The series stars Brandon Micheal Hall as Courtney Rose, an aspiring rapper who unwittingly becomes the mayor of his hometown after running to gain publicity for his music. Lea Michele and Yvette Nicole Brown also star, with newcomers Bernard David Jones and Marcel Spears. The pilot was ordered to series by ABC on May 11, 2017. Despite receiving positive reviews from","title":"The Mayor (TV series)"},{"id":"14572275","text":"has been pulling double duty, appearing in the main cast of CW's superhero show \"Arrow\", as John Diggle, a military veteran who is Oliver's partner, confidant, bodyguard, and later gained an alter ego, Spartan, since the 4th season. Ramsey also stars in the TV series \"Blue Bloods\" as Mayor Carter Poole. Ramsey is an accomplished martial artist, with a black belt in Jeet Kune Do. He has also studied boxing, tae kwon do and Wing Chun, and trained in kickboxing under Benny \"Jet\" Urquidez. David Ramsey David Paul Ramsey (born November 17, 1971) is an American actor and martial artist,","title":"David Ramsey"},{"id":"18601537","text":"April 5 and then to May 3. Chernow served as historical consultant to the production. The show opened to universal acclaim according to review aggregator \"Did He Like It\". \"Hamilton\" premiered on Broadway at the Richard Rodgers Theatre (also home to Miranda's 2008 Broadway debut \"In the Heights\") on July 13, 2015 in previews, and opened on August 6, 2015. The production is produced by Jeffrey Seller and features scenic design by David Korins, costumes by Paul Tazewell, lighting by Howell Binkley and sound by Nevin Steinberg, who all reprised their roles from the off-Broadway production. The production was critically","title":"Hamilton (musical)"},{"id":"228739","text":"in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in \"Sex and the City\" (2000–2002), Orson Hodge in \"Desperate Housewives\" (2006–2012), The Captain in \"How I Met Your Mother\" (2010–2014), the Mayor of Portland in \"Portlandia\" (2011–2018) and Calvin Zabo in \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" (2014–2015). MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama (1990), and was nominated in the same category in 2017, for playing the role of Dale Cooper in \"Twin Peaks\". He has also been nominated for two Emmy Awards for \"Twin Peaks\". MacLachlan was born at Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital in Yakima,","title":"Kyle MacLachlan"},{"id":"8077546","text":"Josh Hamilton (actor) Joshua Cole Hamilton (born June 9, 1969) is an American actor. Hamilton was born in New York City, the son of actors Sandra Kingsbury and Dan Hamilton. His stepmother is actress Stephanie Braxton. His Broadway credits include \"Proof\" and \"The Coast of Utopia\" (2007, Lincoln Center). Hamilton performed in \"The Cherry Orchard\" at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in January and February 2009, alongside Ethan Hawke, who was his co-star in the 1993 film \"Alive\". In November 2010, it was announced that both Hamilton (who will play Tom) and Dane Cook (who will play Carter) would star","title":"Josh Hamilton (actor)"},{"id":"2093330","text":"the conviction that she didn't personally want to blur the lines between actor and journalist. After \"Murphy Brown\", Bergen hosted \"Exhale with Candice Bergen\" on the Oxygen network. She also appeared in character roles in films, including \"Miss Congeniality\" (2000), where she played villainous pageant host Kathy Morningside; she also portrayed the mayor of New York in \"Sweet Home Alabama\" (2002) and appeared in the Gwyneth Paltrow flight-attendant comedy, \"View from the Top\" (2003). She had roles in \"The In-Laws\" (2003), \"Footsteps\" (2003), a thriller, and a semi recurring role on \"Sex and the City\", where she played Enid Frick,","title":"Candice Bergen"},{"id":"1667641","text":"In 2004, he won the Gilda Radner Courage Award from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Barry Bostwick Barry Knapp Bostwick (born February 24, 1945) is an American stage and screen actor and singer. He is best known for portraying Brad Majors in the musical comedy horror \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" (1975) and Mayor Randall Winston in the sitcom \"Spin City\" (1996–2002). Bostwick has also had considerable success in musical theatre, winning a Tony Award for his role in the musical \"The Robber Bridegroom\". Bostwick was born in San Mateo, California. He is the son of Elizabeth \"Betty\" (née Defendorf),","title":"Barry Bostwick"},{"id":"5582297","text":"wartime story \"Mister Roberts\" as a replacement, playing Ensign Pulver. In 1950, he was onstage again with Fonda in \"Critic's Choice\"; Howard Taubman of \"The New York Times\" called him \"properly obnoxious as the director\". Hamilton was teamed once more with Fonda in 1968 for the drama film \"The Boston Strangler\". His best known performance is as Larry Vaughn, the obdurate mayor of Amity, in the Steven Spielberg thriller \"Jaws\" (1975). Hamilton reprised the role in the sequel, \"Jaws 2\" in 1978. He was approached to reprise his role in \"Jaws the Revenge\", but died in 1986 aged 63 .","title":"Murray Hamilton"},{"id":"7606481","text":"Craig Robinson (actor) Craig Phillip Robinson (born October 25, 1971) is an American actor, comedian, and singer. He is best known for his roles as Darryl Philbin on \"The Office\" (2005–2013), Doug Judy (the \"Pontiac Bandit\") on \"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\" (2013–) and Matheson in \"Pineapple Express\" (2008). Robinson has appeared in numerous other television shows and films including \"Zack and Miri Make a Porno\" (2008), \"Hot Tub Time Machine\" (2010), \"This Is the End\" (2013), and \"Sausage Party\" (2016). Robinson was born in Chicago, Illinois, to a music teacher mother and an attorney father. He was raised on the South Side","title":"Craig Robinson (actor)"},{"id":"12525242","text":"and as John Henry Irons in the animated film \"The Death Of Superman\" and its 2019 sequel, \"The Reign Of The Supermen\". Cress Williams Cress Williams (born July 26, 1970) is an American actor, known for his roles in \"Prison Break\" and \"Close to Home\". His most recent roles include Mayor Lavon Hayes on The CW series \"Hart of Dixie\" as well as the title character on The CW's \"Black Lightning\". Williams is also best known for his recurring role as Terrence \"Scooter\" Williams on Fox's \"Living Single\". Williams was born in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany, to American parents. He","title":"Cress Williams"},{"id":"5707527","text":"into the organization on July 10, 2016, at the 67th annual Boule, in Atlanta, Georgia. On October 7, 2016, it was announced that Sumpter would be playing a leading role and co-executive produce political drama \"The 313\" for CBS. She will play Mayor of Detroit in show. She also was set to star alongside Taraji P. Henson in Tyler Perry's drama film \"Acrimony\", but left the project. In 2018, Sumpter appeared alongside Casey Affleck, Danny Glover, Sissy Spacek and Robert Redford in the drama \"The Old Man & the Gun\", directed by David Lowery. Also that year, she starred with","title":"Tika Sumpter"},{"id":"4686419","text":"Glenn Shadix William Glenn Shadix Scott (April 15, 1952 – September 7, 2010) was an American actor and voice actor known for his role as Otho in Tim Burton's horror comedy film \"Beetlejuice\" and as the voice of the Mayor of Halloween Town in \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\". Shadix was born in Bessemer, Alabama. He added the surname \"Scott\" when his mother, Annie Ruth (Livingston), remarried a few years after his birth. He attended Birmingham-Southern College for two years, studying with absurdist playwright-director Arnold Powell. He lived in Manhattan, New York City prior to moving to Hollywood in the late","title":"Glenn Shadix"},{"id":"12033494","text":"Jon Prescott Jon Prescott (born August 10, 1981) is an American actor. He was born in Mountain View, California, but raised near Portland, Oregon. Prescott has two brothers, and a sister. He attended Emerson College in Boston. After college he moved to Los Angeles. He hosted OLN's \"Outdoor Investigations\" and has also been seen on television in \"30 Rock\", \"Rescue Me\", \"\", \"As the World Turns\", \"Watch Over Me\", \"Law & Order\", \"Las Vegas\", \"One Life to Live\", \"Hot Properties\", \"The 1/2 Hour News Hour\", \"Celebrity Apprentice,\" and the HBO pilot \"Suburban Shootout.\" His films include \"Howl\" and \"The Holiday\".","title":"Jon Prescott"},{"id":"9171740","text":"was announced to guest star in FX comedy series \"Wilfred\", a role which later turned into a recurring one. The following year, Carbonell briefly appeared in \"The Dark Knight Rises\", reprising his role as Mayor Anthony Garcia in the final installment of Christopher Nolan's \"Dark Knight\" trilogy. From 2013 to the series' ending in 2017, he portrayed Sheriff Alex Romero in the A&E \"Psycho\" prequel series \"Bates Motel\", opposite Vera Farmiga and Freddie Highmore. In the first season, he starred in a recurring capacity, but was upgraded to a main cast member starting with the second season. Carbonell also directed","title":"Nestor Carbonell"},{"id":"1667632","text":"Barry Bostwick Barry Knapp Bostwick (born February 24, 1945) is an American stage and screen actor and singer. He is best known for portraying Brad Majors in the musical comedy horror \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" (1975) and Mayor Randall Winston in the sitcom \"Spin City\" (1996–2002). Bostwick has also had considerable success in musical theatre, winning a Tony Award for his role in the musical \"The Robber Bridegroom\". Bostwick was born in San Mateo, California. He is the son of Elizabeth \"Betty\" (née Defendorf), a housewife, and Henry \"Bud\" Bostwick, a city planner and actor. His only sibling, Henry","title":"Barry Bostwick"},{"id":"15152824","text":"Ross Jansen Sir Ross Malcolm Jansen (6 September 1932 – 15 December 2010) was mayor of Hamilton, New Zealand, from 1977 to 1989. He was an expert in local government, held a variety of positions, was academically acknowledged, and received a number of honours. Jansen was born on 6 September 1932 in Carterton, and was educated in the Wairarapa and at Victoria University College, from where he graduated with a LLB in 1957. He became a barrister and solicitor. In the , he stood in the new electorate for the National Party, but was defeated by Labour's Rufus Rogers. Jansen","title":"Ross Jansen"},{"id":"17840288","text":"of the city of New Orleans, and CBS' decision to cast Scott Bakula as \"one of the most likable leading men in television, so they're set there.\" David Hinckley of the New York \"Daily News\" gave a mixed but critical review of the pilot episode, saying there is a \"Crescent City flavor here. But in the larger picture, not much on this menu is unfamiliar.\" Liz Shannon Miller and Ben Travers of \"Indiewire\" said that \"NCIS\" is like \"the obelisk in \"2001: A Space Odyssey\", it's an awe-inspiring, inescapable presence in the broadcast line-up. \"NCIS\" on CBS: It is here.","title":"NCIS: New Orleans"},{"id":"18960366","text":"Anthony Ramos (actor) Anthony Ramos Martinez (born November 1, 1991) is an American actor. In 2015, he originated the dual roles of John Laurens and Philip Hamilton in the Broadway musical \"Hamilton\". Ramos was born Anthony Ramos Martinez, and is of Puerto Rican descent. He grew up in Bushwick, Brooklyn where he lived with his mother, older brother, and younger sister. Ramos attended Halsey Junior High School, where he sang Motown songs at school assemblies in a student group called the Halsey Trio. He is a 2009 graduate of New Utrecht High School. His ambitions at the time centered around","title":"Anthony Ramos (actor)"},{"id":"18533516","text":"Smurfs: The Lost Village Smurfs: The Lost Village is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated adventure fantasy film based on \"The Smurfs\" comic book series by Peyo, produced by Columbia Pictures, Sony Pictures Animation and The Kerner Entertainment Company, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. A reboot of Sony's previous live-action/animated hybrid films, the film was directed by Kelly Asbury from a screenplay by Stacey Harman and Pamela Ribon, and stars the voices of Demi Lovato, Rainn Wilson, Joe Manganiello, Mandy Patinkin, Jack McBrayer, Danny Pudi, Michelle Rodriguez, Ellie Kemper, Ariel Winter, Meghan Trainor, and Julia Roberts. In the film, a","title":"Smurfs: The Lost Village"},{"id":"5088884","text":"Harry Groener Harry Groener (born September 10, 1951) is a German-born American actor and dancer, perhaps best known for playing Mayor Wilkins in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (seasons 3, 4 and 7). Groener was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany, to an opera singer mother and a father who worked as a concert pianist, office clerk, and composer. He emigrated to the United States with his family at the age of two. As a teenager, Groener was apprenticed at the San Francisco Ballet; he went on to study drama at the University of Washington. Groener's reputation in New York City rests","title":"Harry Groener"},{"id":"10314230","text":"Ashley Hamilton Ashley George Hamilton (born September 30, 1974) is an American actor, comedian and singer-songwriter. He made his acting debut in the 1993 film \"Beethoven's 2nd\". He has since starred in films such as \"Lost in Africa\" (1994), \"Off Key\" (2001), \"Lost Angeles\" (2012), \"Iron Man 3\" (2013), and \"Cats Dancing on Jupiter\" (2015). He portrayed the role of Cole Deschanel in the first season of the NBC television series \"Sunset Beach\" (1997). Hamilton was born in Los Angeles, the son of actors George Hamilton and Alana Stewart, and the now ex-stepson of musician Rod Stewart. At 19, Hamilton","title":"Ashley Hamilton"},{"id":"15129150","text":"Allan Steele Allan Steele (born December 30, 1966) is an American actor and writer. He is perhaps best known for playing Sergeant Harris in the film \"The Next Three Days\", and for TV roles on \"The Black Donnellys\", \"NYPD Blue\", \"Family Law\", \"Time of Your Life\" and \"Falcone\". In 2015, Allan appeared in the HBO mini-series Show Me A Hero, written by David Simon and Bill Zorzi, and directed by Academy-Award winner Paul Haggis. A true story, the series takes place in Yonkers, NY in the 1980s, when a federal court order forced Yonkers mayor Nick Wasicsko (Oscar Isaac) to","title":"Allan Steele"},{"id":"18216763","text":"the Hip Pocket Theatre, including \"Widows\" by Ariel Dorfman. Villari is also an acting coach and works with children's literary programs. Libby Villari Margaret Elizabeth \"Libby\" Villari (née Webb; born November 17, 1951) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Mayor Lucy Rodell on \"Friday Night Lights\". Her film appearances include \"Infamous\", \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\", \"Boys Don't Cry\", and \"The Faculty\". Born Margaret Elizabeth Webb in North Carolina, she grew up in California, later moving to Texas. Her mother was Peggy Lee (née Walters; 1931–2004) and her father was Roy Frank Webb (1924–1973).","title":"Libby Villari"},{"id":"19656729","text":"Debose, Sydney James Harcourt, Sasha Hutchings, Thayne Jasperson, Emmy Raver-Lampman, Austin Smith, Seth Stewart, Betsy Struxness, and Ephraim Sykes. Rua received a ceremonial plate for artistic achievements as a local native, presented by the mayor of Elizabeth, New Jersey during a July 8, 2016 appearance in the \"Young Immigrant Hamilton Tour,\" part of the city's annual \"CelebrateHAMILTON\" program. Other awards: Rua lives in New York City, where he teaches at the Broadway Dance Center. Jon Rua Jon Rua (born Jonathan Rua, August 14, 1983) is an American actor, singer, and choreographer, best known for his roles in Broadway musicals such","title":"Jon Rua"},{"id":"20607139","text":"days in jail. Jamil asserted the casting as being a case of . Additional casting which included the additions of Spencer Garrett, James Remar, Brenda Vaccaro and Mike Moh was announced in July. In August 2018, additional castings were made, including Damon Herriman as Charles Manson, and Lena Dunham, Austin Butler, Danny Strong, Rumer Willis, Dreama Walker, and Margaret Qualley cast in supporting roles. Principal photography began on June 18, 2018, in Los Angeles, California and wrapped on November 1, 2018. Reynolds died in September 2018 before filming any of his scenes; Bruce Dern was cast as George Spahn in","title":"Once Upon a Time in Hollywood"},{"id":"20183065","text":"pitched to the ABC network in the summer of 2016, and it has drawn some comparisons to the outcome of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election as well as Donald Trump's presidential campaign and victory. The series' creator, Jeremy Bronson, has stated the show is not meant to be a parody or satire, but he has admitted that the pilot episode drew some inspiration from President Trump. On January 26, 2017, Brandon Micheal Hall was cast as Courtney Rose. Lea Michele was cast as Valentina Barella on February 23, 2017. On March 16, 2017, Yvette Nicole Brown was cast as Dina","title":"The Mayor (TV series)"},{"id":"6300878","text":"Bell has played the role of United States' founding father Alexander Hamilton in several television commercials for Citizen Bank. Bell and his wife, Milena, live in West Hollywood, California. Marshall Bell Archibald Marshall Bell (born September 28, 1942) is an American actor. He has appeared in many character roles in movies and television. He is known for roles in \"\" (1985), \"Stand by Me\" (1986), \"Twins\" (1988) and \"Total Recall\" (1990). Bell was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he lived until age 13. His family then moved to Denver, Colorado. Bell attended boarding school at St. Paul's, Concord, New Hampshire,","title":"Marshall Bell"},{"id":"20962026","text":"A day later, it was announced that Joel Fields had joined the production as an additional writer and executive producer. Alongside the series order announcement, it was confirmed that Sam Rockwell and Michelle Williams had been cast in the lead roles of Bob Fosse and Gwen Verdon, respectively. On November 19, 2018, it was announced Margaret Qualley and Norbert Leo Butz had been cast in series regular roles and that Aya Cash, Nate Corddry, Susan Misner, Bianca Marroquín, Kelli Barrett, Evan Handler, Rick Holmes, Paul Reiser, Ethan Slater, Byron Jennings, and Laura Osnes had joined the cast cast in a","title":"Fosse/Verdon"},{"id":"4605773","text":"Michael Weatherly Michael Manning Weatherly Jr. (born July 8, 1968) is an American actor, producer and director who became known for playing the role of Anthony DiNozzo on CBS television series, \"NCIS\" (2003–2016). In October 2016, he assumed the role of Jason Bull in \"Bull\". Weatherly is also recognized for his portrayal of Logan Cale in \"Dark Angel\" (2000–2002). Weatherly was born in New York City and reared in Fairfield, Connecticut, by parents Patricia O'Hara (née Hetherington) and Michael Weatherly Sr. He is of Irish descent. Weatherly attended Fairfield Country Day School and graduated from Brooks School in North Andover,","title":"Michael Weatherly"},{"id":"5088889","text":"Minneapolis, playing a dual role as both U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. Ovation Awards Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards Joseph Jefferson Award Harry Groener Harry Groener (born September 10, 1951) is a German-born American actor and dancer, perhaps best known for playing Mayor Wilkins in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (seasons 3, 4 and 7). Groener was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany, to an opera singer mother and a father who worked as a concert pianist, office clerk, and composer. He emigrated to the United States with his family at the age of","title":"Harry Groener"},{"id":"4666064","text":"Ian Kahn Ian R. Kahn (born April 21, 1972) is an American stage and television actor, perhaps best known for his roles on \"\", \"Dawson's Creek\", \"Bull\", \"The Unusuals\" and \"As the World Turns\". He portrayed George Washington in 24 episodes of the 2014 TV series, \"\". He made his Broadway debut in \"ENRON\" at the Broadhurst Theater in April 2010. In September 2009, he made his off-Broadway debut in MCC's \"Still Life\". He has appeared in major regional theater companies across the United States. Some of his roles have included Mortimer in \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" at the Baltimore","title":"Ian Kahn"},{"id":"20183066","text":"Rose. Marcel Spears was cast as T.K. Clifton on May 16, 2017. On July 27, 2017, Bernard David Jones was cast as Jermaine Leforge. In addition to serving as an executive producer, Daveed Diggs will write original music for the series. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 83% based on 29 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"The Mayor\" gets off to a promising start in its first season, elevated by a charmingly hopeful tone and political humor that reaches amiably across the aisle.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted","title":"The Mayor (TV series)"},{"id":"18959324","text":"Daveed Diggs Daveed Daniele Diggs (born January 24, 1982) is an American actor, rapper and singer. He is the vocalist of the experimental hip hop group Clipping and in 2015 originated the roles of Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson in the musical \"Hamilton\", for which he won both a Grammy Award and Tony Award. Since leaving \"Hamilton\" in 2016, he has had a recurring role on the television series \"Black-ish\", and co-starred in the film \"Wonder\". Diggs also wrote and starred in the 2018 film \"Blindspotting\", which earned him a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Male","title":"Daveed Diggs"},{"id":"20271839","text":"a surprising $34.5 million to win its opening weekend in January 2012. Most recently, Helmuth appeared in the 2013 biopic, \"Jobs\". In addition to his spot on \"Alias\", Helmuth's television credits included guest roles on \"NCIS\" (2006), \"Bones\" (2012), \"Rizzoli & Isles\" (2012), \"Perception\" (2013), and \"Battle Creek\" (2015). Helmuth died at the age of 40 on July 17, 2017, in Los Angeles, California, after complications from a stroke. Evan Helmuth Evan Hershey Helmuth (May 18, 1977 – July 17, 2017) was an American film and television actor. Helmuth was best known for his lead role as Father David Keane","title":"Evan Helmuth"},{"id":"15982017","text":"Jeff Hiller Jeff Hiller is an American actor and comedian. Hiller started performing improv comedy Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in 2001 where he was part of the improv teams \"People People\", \"The Scam\", \"Creep\" and \"Police Chief Rumble\". Hiller has appeared in various television series, including \"Guiding Light\", \"Ugly Betty\", \"30 Rock\", \"\", \"Psych\", and \"Community\". He has also appeared in the films \"Morning Glory\" and \"Ghost Town\". He was well-received for his performance as John Quincy Adams in the hit rock musical \"Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson\". Hiller is openly gay and was founder of the all-gay improv troupe \"Neely","title":"Jeff Hiller"},{"id":"18636351","text":"Jaeden Lieberher Jaeden Lieberher (born January 4, 2003) is an American actor. He is best known for starring as Bill Denbrough in the horror film \"It\" (2017), and for his leading roles in the films \"St. Vincent\", \"Midnight Special\", \"The Confirmation\" and \"The Book of Henry\". Jaeden Lieberher was born on January 4, 2003 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Angela Martell and chef Wes Lieberher. He is of one quarter Korean descent. He grew up in South Philadelphia, where he attended the Independence Charter School. In 2011, when he was 8 years old, he moved to Los Angeles. Lieberher's","title":"Jaeden Lieberher"},{"id":"10844708","text":"Lin-Manuel Miranda Lin-Manuel Miranda (; born January 16, 1980) is an American composer, lyricist, playwright, rapper, and actor best known for creating and starring in the Broadway musicals \"In the Heights\" and \"Hamilton\". He co-wrote the songs for Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Moana\" soundtrack (2016) and co-starred in the film \"Mary Poppins Returns\". Miranda's awards include a Pulitzer Prize, three Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, a MacArthur Fellowship, three Tony Awards and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Miranda was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor in 2018. Miranda wrote the music and lyrics for the musical \"In the","title":"Lin-Manuel Miranda"},{"id":"5435978","text":"quit the show in 1993 in favor of doing comedy TV. However, later in 1996, he did make a brief return to stir things up between Hayley and new boyfriend Mateo (Mark Consuelos). Borlenghi also played Ziggy Deadmarsh on CBS soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" in 2002, and Mayor Anthony Marino on NBC \"Days of Our Lives\". Borlenghi spent several years starring on various sitcoms, such as \"The Jeff Foxworthy Show\", in which he portrayed Jeff Foxworthy's assistant Russ Francis; \"Pig Sty\" on UPN; \"Party Girl\" on FOX; and \"\". He also guest-starred on \"Melissa and Joey\" and","title":"Matt Borlenghi"},{"id":"18601516","text":"opened the following month. The West End production of \"Hamilton\" opened at the Victoria Palace Theatre in London in December 2017, winning seven Olivier Awards in 2018, including Best New Musical. The first U.S. national tour of the show began performances in March 2017. A second U.S. tour opened in February 2018. A third tour was announced on November 12, 2018. The play has two acts, telling Hamilton's story through major events. It tells Hamilton's life from beginning to end along with various other characters such as Lafayette, Aaron Burr and former president, Thomas Jefferson. The musical begins with the","title":"Hamilton (musical)"},{"id":"8295453","text":"Horton Hears a Who! (film) Horton Hears a Who! (also known as Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who!) is a 2008 American computer animated adventure comedy film based on the book of the same name by Dr. Seuss, produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox. Directed by Jimmy Hayward and Steve Martino in their directorial debuts, the film's screenplay was written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio, and features the voices of Jim Carrey and Steve Carell as Horton the Elephant and the Mayor of Whoville, respectively, alongside Carol Burnett, Will Arnett, Seth Rogen, Isla Fisher,","title":"Horton Hears a Who! (film)"},{"id":"7899662","text":"Chris Tallman Christopher Tallman (born September 22, 1970) is an American actor and comedian best known for his regular appearances on the Comedy Central programs \"\" and \"Reno 911!\". Tallman was also the creator of the popular Channel 101 series \"Time Belt\" which he wrote, directed, co-produced and starred in. He has also guest-starred on many television shows such as \"House\", \"Parks and Recreation\", \"Emily's Reasons Why Not\", \"Angel\", \"How I Met Your Mother\", \"The Sarah Silverman Show\" , \"The King of Queens\" and appeared on \"Frank TV\" as Ed McMahon. On October 14, 2013, Tallman's new show \"The Thundermans\"","title":"Chris Tallman"},{"id":"19741935","text":"Don McManus Don McManus (sometimes credited as Don R. McManus) is an American film actor, with feature credits including \"Vice, \"Grand Piano\", \"Under the Silver Lake\", \"The Maze Runner\", \"Lucky Bastard\", \"Lovelace\", \"Dark Around the Stars\", \"For A Good Time, Call\", \"Magnolia\", \"The Shawshank Redemption\", \"Under the Tuscan Sun\", \"National Treasure\", \"Hannibal\", \"Air Force One\",\" and \"The Congress\". And TV credits including: \"Sorry For Your Loss\", \"Mom\", \"Supernatural\", \"Castle\", \"Justified\", \"The Newsroom\", \"24\", \"Northern Exposure\", \"Franklin & Bash\", \"NCIS\", \"Private Practice\", \"Parks and Recreation\", \"Boston Legal\", \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"Dexter\", \"Seinfeld\", \"Frasier\", \"Nip/Tuck\", \"The Closer\", \"CSI\", \"Party of Five\", \"Mad About","title":"Don McManus"},{"id":"8910875","text":"Bruce A. Young Bruce Arnold Young (born April 22, 1956) is an American television, film, and stage actor, television writer and screenwriter. Young is best known for his role as Captain Simon Banks in the UPN science fiction police drama \"The Sentinel\". Young also had roles in the films \"Risky Business\", \"Jurassic Park III\", \"The Color of Money\", \"Basic Instinct\", \"Into Temptation\", \"Undisputed\", and \"Enough\". His other television roles include parts in \"21 Jump Street\", \"E/R\", \"\", \"Quantum Leap\", \"NYPD Blue\", \"The X-Files\", \"Cold Case\", \"Lady Blue\", \"Ghost Whisperer\", \"Grey's Anatomy\" and \"Prison Break\". As television writer and screenwriter, Young","title":"Bruce A. Young"},{"id":"7804630","text":"Victoria Hamilton Victoria Hamilton (born 5 April 1971) is an English actress. After training at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, Hamilton began her career in classical theatre, appearing in productions with the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre. In 2002, she appeared in the London stage play \"A Day in the Death of Joe Egg\" alongside Clive Owen and later Eddie Izzard. She made her Broadway debut in 2003 when the production moved to New York, where she earned a Tony Award nomination. She won the Critics' Circle Theatre Award and Evening Standard Theatre Award for","title":"Victoria Hamilton"},{"id":"18700162","text":"Screenplay awards at the Los Angeles Art-House Film Festival and the West Field Screenwriter Awards. He wrote, directed and stars in the comedy series \"Man Jam\". He is the Head of Production for his production company, Westbrook Pictures. Carmody lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Sandra McCurdy. Matt Carmody Matt Carmody is an American actor, writer, director, and producer. He is known for his television appearances on shows including \"Ponderosa\", \"JAG\", \"NCIS\", \"\", and \"CSI New York\", as well as for his leading role in the horror film \"Carver\". Carmody was born in Silver Spring, Maryland and grew up","title":"Matt Carmody"},{"id":"18700160","text":"Matt Carmody Matt Carmody is an American actor, writer, director, and producer. He is known for his television appearances on shows including \"Ponderosa\", \"JAG\", \"NCIS\", \"\", and \"CSI New York\", as well as for his leading role in the horror film \"Carver\". Carmody was born in Silver Spring, Maryland and grew up in the town of Kensington, Maryland. After graduating from Walter Johnson High School, he studied art and music before moving to Los Angeles, California to pursue acting. He was cast in his first series-regular role in the pilot of \"U.S.M.A., West Point\", produced by Beth Sullivan, creator of","title":"Matt Carmody"},{"id":"14890086","text":"Vanessa Bayer Vanessa Polster Bayer (born November 14, 1981) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for being a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\", which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination, from 2010 to 2017. Bayer also appeared in films such as \"Trainwreck\" (2015), \"Office Christmas Party\" (2016), \"Carrie Pilby\" (2016), and \"Ibiza\" (2018). Bayer was born and raised in Orange, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, to a Reform Jewish family. She is the daughter of Carolyn (née Polster) and Todd Bayer. She has a brother, Jonah, who is a music journalist and the drummer","title":"Vanessa Bayer"},{"id":"10477854","text":"has appeared on the following TV series: \"Zoey 101\", \"Punk'd\", and starred on NBC's \"Kingpin\". Rubén attended Loyola High School of Los Angeles and graduated in 2011. Rubén will be starring in the role of John Laurens/Phillip Hamilton on the national tour of \"Hamilton\", which opens in March 2017 in San Francisco. Rubén Carbajal Rubén Carbajal (born February 26, 1993) is an American actor who has appeared on many television series. His most watched appearance was a mini series \"Kingpin\". In this series, Carbajal worked with actors such as Yancey Arias, Sheryl Lee, Bobby Cannavale, Angela Alvarado Rosa, and many","title":"Rubén Carbajal"},{"id":"13709361","text":"Kotaro Watanabe and Jamison Yang guest starred in the episode as Japanese-inspired versions of the Griffin family and Glenn Quagmire. Recurring guest voice actor John G. Brennan reprised his recurring role as Mort Goldman and Adam West reprised his role as Mayor Adam West, who appears as an anthropomorphic mouse in the Disney universe. Minor appearances were made by writer and showrunner Steve Callaghan, actor Ralph Garman, writer and showrunner Mark Hentemann and writers Patrick Meighan, Danny Smith, Alec Sulkin and John Viener. The episode opens with Stewie revealing his ability to travel across parallel universes to Brian. The first","title":"Road to the Multiverse"},{"id":"15982018","text":"O'Hara\". Jeff Hiller Jeff Hiller is an American actor and comedian. Hiller started performing improv comedy Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in 2001 where he was part of the improv teams \"People People\", \"The Scam\", \"Creep\" and \"Police Chief Rumble\". Hiller has appeared in various television series, including \"Guiding Light\", \"Ugly Betty\", \"30 Rock\", \"\", \"Psych\", and \"Community\". He has also appeared in the films \"Morning Glory\" and \"Ghost Town\". He was well-received for his performance as John Quincy Adams in the hit rock musical \"Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson\". Hiller is openly gay and was founder of the all-gay improv troupe","title":"Jeff Hiller"},{"id":"2981424","text":"Greg Kinnear Gregory Buck Kinnear (born June 17, 1963) is an American actor and television personality. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"As Good as It Gets\". Kinnear has appeared in many popular films, including \"Heaven is for Real\", \"Sabrina\", \"As Good as It Gets\", \"You've Got Mail\", \"Nurse Betty\", \"We Were Soldiers\", \"Stuck on You\", \"Little Miss Sunshine\", Someone Like You, \"Robots\", \"Invincible\" and \"Green Zone\", \"The Last Song\" and television roles, such as \"Friends\", \"Talk Soup\", \"The Kennedys\", \"Modern Family\" and \"Rake\". Kinnear was born in Logansport, Indiana, to","title":"Greg Kinnear"},{"id":"18346650","text":"Ronnie Gene Blevins Ronnie Gene Blevins (born June 20, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as small-time criminal Willie Russell in the 2013 film \"Joe\", directed by David Gordon Green. \"Joe\" premiered at the Venice Film Festival in 2013 to positive reviews. Blevins' other notable works include \"The Dark Knight Rises\", \"Seven Psychopaths\", \"Avenged\" and the 2017 remake of \"Death Wish\". His TV credits include \"NCIS\", \"True Detective\", \"Kingdom\" and \"Twin Peaks\". Blevins also wrote, produced and starred in the 2009 independent film \"American Cowslip\". He is married to actress Veronica Burgess, and has","title":"Ronnie Gene Blevins"},{"id":"4605781","text":"expected role in the show was terminated. Saturn Awards Soap Opera Digest Awards Teen Choice Awards Michael Weatherly Michael Manning Weatherly Jr. (born July 8, 1968) is an American actor, producer and director who became known for playing the role of Anthony DiNozzo on CBS television series, \"NCIS\" (2003–2016). In October 2016, he assumed the role of Jason Bull in \"Bull\". Weatherly is also recognized for his portrayal of Logan Cale in \"Dark Angel\" (2000–2002). Weatherly was born in New York City and reared in Fairfield, Connecticut, by parents Patricia O'Hara (née Hetherington) and Michael Weatherly Sr. He is of","title":"Michael Weatherly"},{"id":"2492124","text":"Hoffman for Best Supporting Actor, and Amy Adams for Best Supporting Actress. Production of Anderson's adaptation of Thomas Pynchon's 2009 novel \"Inherent Vice\" began in May 2013, and ended in August of the same year. The film marked the first time that Pynchon allowed his work to be adapted for the screen, and saw Anderson work with Phoenix for a second time. The supporting cast includes Owen Wilson, Reese Witherspoon, Jena Malone, Martin Short, Benicio Del Toro, Katherine Waterston, Josh Brolin, Peter McRobbie, Michael K. Williams, and Eric Roberts. Following its release in December 2014, the film received two nominations","title":"Paul Thomas Anderson"},{"id":"10296415","text":"Jordan Fisher Jordan William Fisher is an American singer, dancer, and actor. His self-titled EP was released by Hollywood Records on August 19, 2016. He has had recurring roles on the television series \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" and \"Liv and Maddie\", and supporting roles in the television films \"Teen Beach Movie\", \"Teen Beach 2\", and \"\", and is featured on the \"Moana\" soundtrack. He assumed the role of John Laurens/Philip Hamilton in the Broadway production of \"Hamilton\" on November 22, 2016. He played Noah Patrick in the TV series \"Teen Wolf\". Fisher and his dancing partner Lindsay","title":"Jordan Fisher"},{"id":"13564233","text":"and the Invisibles\", playing Armand Montgomery, father to Freddie Highmore's Arthur, and \"Jason Bourne\". Stanton appeared in episodes of the television shows \"Law & Order\", \"\", \"\", \"Frasier\", \"Ed\", \"Third Watch\", \"Damages\", \"NYC 22\", \"The Good Wife\", and \"Orange Is the New Black\". He also played Anthony “Robi” Frobisher, boss to mass killer \"Mr. Mercedes\", in David E. Kelley’s 2017 television adaptation of Stephen King’s novel. Robert Stanton (actor) Robert Lloyd Stanton (born March 8, 1963) is an American film, television and stage actor, director and playwright. He may be best known for his role in the 1993 film \"Dennis","title":"Robert Stanton (actor)"},{"id":"10409878","text":"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th","title":"2007 New York Dragons season"},{"id":"19882106","text":"ex-boyfriend as well as Jay Z. Seth Stewart Seth Stewart is an American actor, singer and dancer known for his roles in the musicals \"Hamilton\" (2015) and \"In the Heights (2008)\". He also appeared in the films \"Friends with Benefits\" (2011), \"\" (2008), and \"Music and Lyrics\" (2007). Stewart is from Kent, Ohio. As a boy, Stewart played football and wrestled, but always wanted to act. He studied dance starting at age 10 at the James Dance and Performing Arts Center in Howland, and then with Inna Stabrova and Dmitri Tuboltsev at the Ohio Youth Ballet as a teen. He","title":"Seth Stewart"},{"id":"10296423","text":"Doody, opposite Carly Rae Jepsen as his girlfriend Frenchy. He sings a rendition of \"Those Magic Changes\" that was widely praised as a highlight of the show. In September 2017, Fisher was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on the 25th season of \"Dancing with the Stars.\" His professional partner was Lindsay Arnold. On November 21, Fisher and Arnold reached the finals, and were declared the winners of the season. Fisher made his Broadway debut in \"Hamilton\" on November 22, 2016, assuming the role of John Laurens/Philip Hamilton from Anthony Ramos. Jordan Fisher Jordan William Fisher is","title":"Jordan Fisher"},{"id":"18293477","text":"Star Wars: The Last Jedi Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII – The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson. It is the second installment of the \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy and the eighth installment of the main \"Star Wars\" film franchise, following \"\" (2015). It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film's ensemble cast includes Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Adam Driver, Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Andy Serkis, Lupita Nyong'o, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Gwendoline Christie, and","title":"Star Wars: The Last Jedi"},{"id":"12303305","text":"Hunter Gomez Hunter Gomez (born December 20, 1991) is an American actor. He is most widely recognized for his work in films and guest appearances in American television. Gomez was born in Mesa, Arizona. He began his entertainment career in 2003 at age 12. He has worked with actors including Nicolas Cage, Jon Voight, Christopher Plummer, Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Love Hewitt, James Belushi, Robert Picardo, Seth MacFarlane, Jodie Sweetin, David Henrie and most recently Sam Heughan. Gomez got his start playing the younger version of Nicolas Cage's character Benjamin Franklin Gates in the 2004 Disney film \"National Treasure\". Playing the","title":"Hunter Gomez"},{"id":"8077547","text":"in Neil Labute's \"Fat Pig\". This marked Labute's Broadway directorial debut. In 2011 Hamilton starred as Torvald in Henrik Ibsen's \"A Doll's House\" at the Williamstown Theatre Festival. Hamilton has also performed on PRI's Selected Shorts, reading Neil Gaiman's story \"The Thing About Cassandra\". In late 2012, he appeared on Broadway in Theresa Rebeck's short-lived new comedy \"Dead Accounts\", starring Katie Holmes and Norbert Leo Butz. Josh Hamilton (actor) Joshua Cole Hamilton (born June 9, 1969) is an American actor. Hamilton was born in New York City, the son of actors Sandra Kingsbury and Dan Hamilton. His stepmother is actress","title":"Josh Hamilton (actor)"},{"id":"7666216","text":"a zero-tolerance policy forbidding homosexual sheriffs. Dangle continues the briefing, and reveals the group have been invited to a convention at Scotland Yard. The film stars Thomas Lennon, Ben Garant, Kerri Kenney-Silver, Cedric Yarbrough, Wendi McLendon-Covey, Niecy Nash, Carlos Alazraqui, Paul Rudd, David Koechner, and Mary Birdsong. Certain famed actors make cameos, namely Michael Ian Black (who co-starred with Lennon and Kenney in \"Viva Variety\"), Patton Oswalt (Comedian and \"King of Queens\" co-star), Danny DeVito (also one of the film's executive producers), Paul Reubens (playing a different character than he plays on the series), Nick Swardson (who appears as his","title":"Reno 911!: Miami"},{"id":"10314234","text":"\"Gothic Harvest\". Ashley Hamilton Ashley George Hamilton (born September 30, 1974) is an American actor, comedian and singer-songwriter. He made his acting debut in the 1993 film \"Beethoven's 2nd\". He has since starred in films such as \"Lost in Africa\" (1994), \"Off Key\" (2001), \"Lost Angeles\" (2012), \"Iron Man 3\" (2013), and \"Cats Dancing on Jupiter\" (2015). He portrayed the role of Cole Deschanel in the first season of the NBC television series \"Sunset Beach\" (1997). Hamilton was born in Los Angeles, the son of actors George Hamilton and Alana Stewart, and the now ex-stepson of musician Rod Stewart. At","title":"Ashley Hamilton"},{"id":"16659559","text":"Avengers: Age of Ultron Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård,","title":"Avengers: Age of Ultron"},{"id":"4969313","text":"\"A Time to Kill\"; \"Cookie's Fortune\"; \"Crocodile Dundee II\"; \"Cry, the Beloved Country\"; \"Surviving the Game\", \"Menace II Society\"; and \"Secret Window\". Dutton won Outstanding Guest Actor Emmy Awards in 2002 and 2003 for his roles in \"The Practice\" and \"Without a Trace\". He was previously nominated in 1999, for his guest-starring role as Alvah Case in the HBO prison drama \"Oz\" in its second-season premiere episode. For this role, he was also nominated for an NAACP Image Award. Also in 1999, he starred in an ensemble cast in \"\" in which he played the Mayor of New York City.","title":"Charles S. Dutton"},{"id":"18960350","text":"Okieriete Onaodowan Okieriete \"Oak\" Onaodowan (, born August 16, 1987) is an American actor, known for originating the roles of Hercules Mulligan and James Madison in the 2015 musical \"Hamilton\" and the role of Dean Miller in the ABC drama and \"Grey's Anatomy\" spin-off series, \"Station 19\". Onaodowan was born in Newark to Nigerian parents. He grew up in West Orange, New Jersey, and graduated from West Orange High School in 2005. Onaodowan briefly played football at West Orange High School but stopped after an injury during practice. As a result of the injury, Okieriete started to explore acting as","title":"Okieriete Onaodowan"},{"id":"4167396","text":"Gloria Reuben Gloria Elizabeth Reuben (born June 9, 1964) is a Canadian producer, singer and actress of film and television, known for her role as Jeanie Boulet on the medical drama \"ER\" and Marina Peralta on \"Falling Skies\". In film, she is known for portraying Elizabeth Keckley in \"Lincoln\". She is currently recurring in the role of Dr. Krista Gordon on \"Mr. Robot\" and on the main cast of \"Saints & Sinners\" as Mayor Pamela Clayborne. Reuben was born in Toronto, to Pearl Avis (Mills), a classical singer, and Cyril George Reuben, an engineer. Her parents were both Jamaican-born. Her","title":"Gloria Reuben"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"6815055\",\n \"text\": \"Steven Weber (actor) Steven Robert Weber (born March 4, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Brian Hackett on the television show \\\"Wings\\\" which aired from April 1990 to May 1997 on NBC and as Sam Blue in \\\"Once and Again\\\". He had a recurring role on \\\"iZombie\\\" as Vaughn du Clark. He plays Mayor Douglas Hamilton on \\\"\\\" in a recurring role. Weber was born in Briarwood, Queens, New York. His mother, Fran (née Frankel), was a nightclub singer, and his father, Stuart Weber, was a nightclub performer and manager of Borscht Belt\",\n \"title\": \"Steven Weber (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6815062\",\n \"text\": \"in Berkshire, England. She filed for divorce on February 6, 2013, after 17 years of marriage. The couple has two sons. Steven Weber (actor) Steven Robert Weber (born March 4, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Brian Hackett on the television show \\\"Wings\\\" which aired from April 1990 to May 1997 on NBC and as Sam Blue in \\\"Once and Again\\\". He had a recurring role on \\\"iZombie\\\" as Vaughn du Clark. He plays Mayor Douglas Hamilton on \\\"\\\" in a recurring role. Weber was born in Briarwood, Queens, New York. His mother,\",\n \"title\": \"Steven Weber (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17840280\",\n \"text\": \"NCIS: New Orleans NCIS: New Orleans is an American television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres that premiered on Tuesday, September 23, 2014, following its parent series \\\"NCIS\\\". The pilot was written by Gary Glasberg. The series stars Scott Bakula and CCH Pounder, and is executively produced by Glasberg, Mark Harmon, James Hayman and Chris Silber. The series is set and filmed in New Orleans. It is the third series of the \\\"NCIS\\\" franchise. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season. The season premiered on September 25, 2018. \\\"NCIS: New\",\n \"title\": \"NCIS: New Orleans\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2936738\",\n \"text\": \"Jeffrey Tambor Jeffrey Michael Tambor (born July 8, 1944) is an American actor, voice artist and comedian. He is known for his television roles such as Hank Kingsley on \\\"The Larry Sanders Show\\\" (1992–1998), George Bluth Sr. and Oscar Bluth on \\\"Arrested Development\\\" (2003–2006, 2013, 2018) and Maura Pfefferman on \\\"Transparent\\\" (2014–2017). His film roles include Jay Porter in \\\"...And Justice for All\\\" (1979), Jinx Latham in \\\"Mr. Mom\\\" (1983), Sully in \\\"There's Something About Mary\\\" (1998), the Mayor of Whoville in \\\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\\\" (2000), King Neptune in \\\"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\\\" (2004), Tom Manning in \\\"Hellboy\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Jeffrey Tambor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17840289\",\n \"text\": \"It has always been here. It forever will be.\\\" NCIS: New Orleans NCIS: New Orleans is an American television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres that premiered on Tuesday, September 23, 2014, following its parent series \\\"NCIS\\\". The pilot was written by Gary Glasberg. The series stars Scott Bakula and CCH Pounder, and is executively produced by Glasberg, Mark Harmon, James Hayman and Chris Silber. The series is set and filmed in New Orleans. It is the third series of the \\\"NCIS\\\" franchise. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season.\",\n \"title\": \"NCIS: New Orleans\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17840283\",\n \"text\": \"series for a third season, which premiered on September 20, 2016. Show creator and executive producer Gary Glasberg, age 50, died unexpectedly on September 28, 2016. On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 26, 2017. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on September 25, 2018. Scott Bakula was cast as the series lead on February 2014 with CCH Pounder, Zoe McLellan and Lucas Black joining soon thereafter. Rob Kerkovich joined the cast in July. He was the final original cast member to join\",\n \"title\": \"NCIS: New Orleans\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7613302\",\n \"text\": \"Taran Killam Taran Hourie Killam (born April 1, 1982) is an American actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for his television work on shows such as \\\"The Amanda Show\\\", \\\"Wild 'n Out\\\", \\\"Mad TV\\\", and \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\". Killam is also known for his portrayal of a teen pop star in the 2004 Disney Channel Original Movie \\\"Stuck in the Suburbs\\\". Killam performed the role of King George III in the Broadway production of \\\"Hamilton\\\" at the Richard Rodgers Theatre, ending his run on the evening of April 13, 2017. Killam was born on April 1, 1982 in\",\n \"title\": \"Taran Killam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9171732\",\n \"text\": \"Nestor Carbonell Néstor Gastón Carbonell (; born December 1, 1967) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. He came to prominence for his role as Luis Rivera in the NBC sitcom \\\"Suddenly Susan\\\". He is known for his roles as Richard Alpert in the ABC drama series \\\"Lost\\\" and Sheriff Alex Romero in the A&E drama series \\\"Bates Motel\\\". Carbonell also starred as Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's superhero films \\\"The Dark Knight\\\" (2008) and \\\"The Dark Knight Rises\\\" (2012). Carbonell was born in New York City to Cuban parents Néstor Tulio Carbonell Cortina and Rosa Ramírez de Arellano\",\n \"title\": \"Nestor Carbonell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14611118\",\n \"text\": \"Meredith Eaton, Joe Spano, Diane Neal, and Leslie Hope have all guest-starred on \\\"NCIS: New Orleans\\\". \\\"NCIS\\\" airs on Network Ten and TV Hits (formerly TV1) in Australia, Global (syndicated on Showcase and Lifetime) in Canada, TV3 and The Box in New Zealand, Seriale+ (premieres), TVN (free-TV premieres), TVN7 (reruns), AXN (reruns) and TV Puls (reruns) in Poland, and Fox, CBS Action, Universal, Channel 5 and 5USA in the United Kingdom. The first 11 seasons of \\\"NCIS\\\" have been released in Regions 1, 2, and 4. In Germany (Region 2), seasons 1–4 and 5–8 were released in two separate sets\",\n \"title\": \"NCIS (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12525239\",\n \"text\": \"Cress Williams Cress Williams (born July 26, 1970) is an American actor, known for his roles in \\\"Prison Break\\\" and \\\"Close to Home\\\". His most recent roles include Mayor Lavon Hayes on The CW series \\\"Hart of Dixie\\\" as well as the title character on The CW's \\\"Black Lightning\\\". Williams is also best known for his recurring role as Terrence \\\"Scooter\\\" Williams on Fox's \\\"Living Single\\\". Williams was born in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany, to American parents. He attended Fullerton College and UCLA. On October 14, 2000, Williams married actress Simbi Khali in Malibu, California. The couple have two children\",\n \"title\": \"Cress Williams\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13353152\",\n \"text\": \"Donald Fullilove Donald \\\"Don\\\" Fullilove (born May 16, 1958 in Dallas, Texas) is an American film and voice actor who has had a role in numerous projects over the course of his forty-year plus career in both films and television. He portrayed Hill Valley, California Mayor Goldie Wilson in the first \\\"Back to the Future\\\" movie, and his grandson hovermobile salesman Goldie Wilson III in \\\"Back to the Future Part II\\\", and more recently he has had a role as Nurse George, a character in Pixar's \\\"Up\\\". He also provided the voice of Michael Jackson as a child voice actor\",\n \"title\": \"Donald Fullilove\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19656725\",\n \"text\": \"Jon Rua Jon Rua (born Jonathan Rua, August 14, 1983) is an American actor, singer, and choreographer, best known for his roles in Broadway musicals such as \\\"Hamilton\\\", \\\"In the Heights\\\", and \\\"Hands on a Hardbody\\\". Rua was the choreographer for the 2016 Muny production of \\\"Aida\\\" in St. Louis, and a creative consultant for the 2016 musical \\\"SpongeBob SquarePants\\\", joining its Broadway cast in 2017. Rua was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey and grew up in nearby Linden. His parents, Maria Nohelia Castañeda Cano and Elibanier \\\"Marco\\\" Rua, were both immigrants from Colombia. Rua graduated in 2001 from Linden\",\n \"title\": \"Jon Rua\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11586261\",\n \"text\": \"Leonard Harris (actor) Leonard Harris (September 27, 1929 – August 28, 2011) was an American critic, author, and actor. He played Senator Charles Palantine in the Martin Scorsese film \\\"Taxi Driver\\\" and the mayor in \\\"Hero at Large\\\". Leonard Jerome Harris was born in the Bronx on Sept. 27, 1929. He graduated from City College and served in the Army at Fort Dix during the Korean War. In 1961 he married Mary Ann Wurth. They had two children: Sarah and David Harris. They divorced in 1973. He also had homes in Stanfordville, N.Y., and West Palm Beach, Fla. Mr. Harris\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Harris (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8898347\",\n \"text\": \"Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace (born July 15, 1930) is an American actor of film, stage, and television. Wallace was born as Leo Melis in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Celia (née Gross) and Eddie Melis. His movie roles include more than a dozen productions big and small, including \\\"Klute\\\" (1971), \\\"The Hot Rock\\\" (1972), \\\"The Taking of Pelham One Two Three\\\" (1974) as the Mayor of New York City, \\\"The Happy Hooker\\\" (1975), \\\"Diary of the Dead\\\" (1976), \\\"Thieves\\\" (1977), \\\"Private Benjamin\\\" (1980) as Mr. Waxman, \\\"World War III\\\" (1982), \\\"Daniel\\\" (1983), \\\"Batman\\\" (1989) as Gotham City's Mayor\",\n \"title\": \"Lee Wallace (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19284621\",\n \"text\": \"Hamilton (album) Hamilton is the cast album to the 2015 musical \\\"Hamilton\\\". The musical is based on the 2004 biography of Alexander Hamilton written by Ron Chernow, with music, lyrics, and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda. The recording stars Lin-Manuel Miranda, Leslie Odom Jr., Phillipa Soo, Renée Elise Goldsberry, Christopher Jackson, Daveed Diggs, Anthony Ramos, Okieriete Onaodowan, Jasmine Cephas Jones, and Jonathan Groff. It also features Jon Rua, Thayne Jasperson, Sydney James Harcourt, Ariana DeBose, and Sasha Hutchings. The musicians on the album are Alex Lacamoire, Kurt Crowley, Andres Forero, Robin Macatangay, Richard Hammond, Benny Reiner, Jonathan Dinklage, Erin Benim Mayland,\",\n \"title\": \"Hamilton (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18366415\",\n \"text\": \"Avengers: Infinity War Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \\\"The Avengers\\\" and 2015's \\\"\\\", and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Don Cheadle, Tom Holland, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Anthony\",\n \"title\": \"Avengers: Infinity War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17840286\",\n \"text\": \"New Orleans\\\" airs simultaneously on Global in Canada. In Australia, the series premiered on Network Ten on October 7, 2014. The series has been sold to Channel 5 in the United Kingdom, which premiered it on February 13, 2015. From season 4 onwards, the series will premiere on Fox UK on Fridays at 9PM starting on July 20, 2018. The series has also been sold to Prime in New Zealand and Fox in Asia. On April 2, 2015, the series began airing on South Africa's M-Net cable TV service and is broadcast to several other sub-Saharan African nations via DStv.\",\n \"title\": \"NCIS: New Orleans\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11433921\",\n \"text\": \"Ritchie Coster Ritchie Coster (born 1 July 1967) is an English actor. He is best known for playing the roles of Dietrich Banning in \\\"The Tuxedo\\\" (2002), Chechen in \\\"The Dark Knight\\\" (2008), Elias Kassar in \\\"Blackhat\\\" (2015), Mayor Austin Chessani on the second season of the HBO anthology television series \\\"True Detective\\\" and Francisco Scaramucci / Mr. Blue on the SyFy television series \\\"Happy!\\\". Coster was born in London, England. He attended the Latymer School, Edmonton and later trained in acting at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Coster has played varies roles throughout his career, in the\",\n \"title\": \"Ritchie Coster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9594189\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Aquinas College, majoring in Communication Arts and English, before studying at Herbert Berghof Studio in New York City. Hamilton served on the Hollywood Board of Directors of Screen Actors Guild. and on the guild's New Technologies Committee. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Brian Hamilton (actor) Brian Hamilton (born July 24, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor. He was born at Good Samaritan Hospital in Suffern, New York and raised in nearby Thiells. Hamilton has appeared in scores of television commercials. He has also voiced Nostradamus on the Cartoon Network series \\\"Time Squad\\\" and appeared in\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Hamilton (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17840287\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"NCIS: New Orleans\\\" has received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season of the show a rating of 65%, based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's consensus reads, \\\"With a solid cast in a beautiful locale, \\\"NCIS: New Orleans\\\" makes extending this well-worn franchise look like the Big Easy.\\\" Metacritic gives the show a score of 55 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\". In late September 2014, \\\"The Wrap\\\"s journalist Jason Hughes reviewed the pilot episode of the series, praising the music, the use\",\n \"title\": \"NCIS: New Orleans\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14611126\",\n \"text\": \"stars Scott Bakula as Special Agent Dwayne Cassius Pride, Lucas Black as Special Agent Christopher LaSalle, Zoe McLellan as Special Agent Meredith \\\"Merri\\\" Brody, Rob Kerkovich as Sebastian Lund, and CCH Pounder as Dr. Loretta Wade. Daryl \\\"Chill\\\" Mitchell, Shalita Grant and Vanessa Ferlito joined the main cast later, portraying computer specialist Patton Plame, Special Agent Sonja Percy, and Special Agent Tammy Gregorio, respectively. On May 9, 2014, \\\"NCIS: New Orleans\\\" was picked up by CBS and was renewed for a second season on January 12, 2015. \\\"NCIS\\\" and \\\"NCIS: New Orleans\\\" have had two crossovers. \\\"NCIS\\\" has received many\",\n \"title\": \"NCIS (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4436152\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Lerner (actor) Michael Lerner (born June 22, 1941) is an American character actor in film, television and theater. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \\\"Barton Fink\\\" (1991). Lerner has also played Arnold Rothstein in \\\"Eight Men Out\\\" (1988), Phil Gillman in \\\"Amos & Andrew\\\" (1993), Mayor Ebert in Roland Emmerich's \\\"Godzilla\\\" (1998), Mr. Greenway in \\\"Elf\\\" (2003), and Senator Brickman in \\\"\\\" (2014). Lerner was born in Brooklyn, New York, of Romanian-Jewish descent, the son of Blanche and George Lerner, a fisherman and antiques dealer. He was raised in the\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Lerner (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19284626\",\n \"text\": \"musicians for recording Hamilton (album) Hamilton is the cast album to the 2015 musical \\\"Hamilton\\\". The musical is based on the 2004 biography of Alexander Hamilton written by Ron Chernow, with music, lyrics, and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda. The recording stars Lin-Manuel Miranda, Leslie Odom Jr., Phillipa Soo, Renée Elise Goldsberry, Christopher Jackson, Daveed Diggs, Anthony Ramos, Okieriete Onaodowan, Jasmine Cephas Jones, and Jonathan Groff. It also features Jon Rua, Thayne Jasperson, Sydney James Harcourt, Ariana DeBose, and Sasha Hutchings. The musicians on the album are Alex Lacamoire, Kurt Crowley, Andres Forero, Robin Macatangay, Richard Hammond, Benny Reiner, Jonathan Dinklage,\",\n \"title\": \"Hamilton (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18216760\",\n \"text\": \"Libby Villari Margaret Elizabeth \\\"Libby\\\" Villari (née Webb; born November 17, 1951) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Mayor Lucy Rodell on \\\"Friday Night Lights\\\". Her film appearances include \\\"Infamous\\\", \\\"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\\\", \\\"Boys Don't Cry\\\", and \\\"The Faculty\\\". Born Margaret Elizabeth Webb in North Carolina, she grew up in California, later moving to Texas. Her mother was Peggy Lee (née Walters; 1931–2004) and her father was Roy Frank Webb (1924–1973). She graduated from University of North Texas with a B.A in Theatre. An active performer in the Texas theatre community, she\",\n \"title\": \"Libby Villari\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2237144\",\n \"text\": \"George Hamilton (actor) George Stevens Hamilton (born August 12, 1939) is an American film and television actor. His notable films include \\\"Home from the Hill\\\" (1960), \\\"By Love Possessed\\\" (1961), \\\"Light in the Piazza\\\" (1962), \\\"Your Cheatin' Heart\\\" (1964), \\\"Once Is Not Enough\\\" (1975), \\\"Love at First Bite\\\" (1979), \\\"Zorro, The Gay Blade\\\" (1981), \\\"The Godfather Part III\\\" (1990), \\\"Doc Hollywood\\\" (1991), \\\"8 Heads in a Duffle Bag\\\" (1997), \\\"Hollywood Ending\\\" (2002) and \\\"The Congressman\\\" (2016). For his debut performance in \\\"Crime and Punishment U.S.A.\\\" (1959), Hamilton won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for a BAFTA Award. He\",\n \"title\": \"George Hamilton (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18043565\",\n \"text\": \"film debut in the ensemble romantic comedy \\\"New Year's Eve\\\" (2011). Michele then voiced the main character Dorothy Gale in the animated film \\\"\\\" (2014). She then starred as Hester Ulrich in Fox's horror-comedy series \\\"Scream Queens\\\" (2015–2016). Michele currently portrays Valentina Barrella in the ABC sitcom \\\"The Mayor\\\" (2017). ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class=\\\"unsortable\\\"| Notes ! class=\\\"unsortable\\\"| Ref Lea Michele credits The following is the list of film, television and theatre credits for American actress, singer, and author Lea Michele. Michele came to worldwide prominence after being cast in the main role of Rachel Berry in\",\n \"title\": \"Lea Michele credits\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9594188\",\n \"text\": \"Brian Hamilton (actor) Brian Hamilton (born July 24, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor. He was born at Good Samaritan Hospital in Suffern, New York and raised in nearby Thiells. Hamilton has appeared in scores of television commercials. He has also voiced Nostradamus on the Cartoon Network series \\\"Time Squad\\\" and appeared in such television shows as \\\"Days of Our Lives\\\", \\\"Café Americain\\\", and \\\"The Edge\\\". At age fifteen, while still in high school, he began acting professionally at Penguin Repertory, a summer stock theatre in Stony Point, New York. He attended North Rockland High School and St.\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Hamilton (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20183067\",\n \"text\": \"average, assigned a score of 72 out of 100 based on 19 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". The Mayor (TV series) The Mayor was an American sitcom television series, created by Jeremy Bronson. The series was produced by ABC Studios, with Bronson serving as showrunner. It aired on ABC from October 3 to December 12, 2017. The series stars Brandon Micheal Hall as Courtney Rose, an aspiring rapper who unwittingly becomes the mayor of his hometown after running to gain publicity for his music. Lea Michele and Yvette Nicole Brown also star, with newcomers Bernard David Jones and Marcel Spears.\",\n \"title\": \"The Mayor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3940870\",\n \"text\": \"Lane Smith Walter Lane Smith III (April 29, 1936 – June 13, 2005) was an American actor. His well-known roles included portraying collaborator entrepreneur Nathan Bates in the NBC television series \\\"V\\\", Mayor Bates in the film \\\"Red Dawn\\\", newspaper editor Perry White in the ABC series \\\"\\\", Coach Jack Reilly in \\\"The Mighty Ducks\\\", district attorney Jim Trotter III in \\\"My Cousin Vinny\\\" and American President Richard Nixon in \\\"The Final Days\\\", for which he received a Golden Globe award nomination. Lane Smith was born in 1936 in Memphis, Tennessee. He graduated from the Leelanau School, a boarding school\",\n \"title\": \"Lane Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11586263\",\n \"text\": \"Levin in \\\"The New York Times Book Review\\\". A fourth novel was published posthumously. He died on August 28, 2011 in Hartford, Connecticut, aged 81, from complications of pneumonia. Leonard Harris (actor) Leonard Harris (September 27, 1929 – August 28, 2011) was an American critic, author, and actor. He played Senator Charles Palantine in the Martin Scorsese film \\\"Taxi Driver\\\" and the mayor in \\\"Hero at Large\\\". Leonard Jerome Harris was born in the Bronx on Sept. 27, 1929. He graduated from City College and served in the Army at Fort Dix during the Korean War. In 1961 he married\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Harris (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3057124\",\n \"text\": \"Alan Ruck Alan Douglas Ruck (born July 1, 1956) is an American actor. He played Cameron Frye, Ferris Bueller's hypochondriac best friend in John Hughes' \\\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\\\" (1986), and Stuart Bondek, the lecherous, power-hungry member of the mayor's staff in the ABC sitcom \\\"Spin City\\\". His other notable films include \\\"Bad Boys\\\" (1983), \\\"Three Fugitives\\\" (1989), \\\"Young Guns II\\\" (1990), \\\"Speed\\\" (1994), \\\"Twister\\\" (1996), and \\\"Kickin' It Old Skool\\\" (2007). In 2016, he co-starred with Geena Davis in an updated Fox TV adaptation of William Peter Blatty's best-selling novel \\\"The Exorcist.\\\" Ruck was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to\",\n \"title\": \"Alan Ruck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13353153\",\n \"text\": \"in the animated ABC-TV Saturday Morning series \\\"The Jackson 5ive\\\" (1971–73). He also appeared in \\\"Partysaurus Rex\\\", a \\\"Toy Story\\\" short film. He also currently has a recurring role as Reginald in \\\"American Dad!\\\". Fullilove, who graduated from Crenshaw High School in Los Angeles in 1976 and currently resides in Burbank, California. Donald Fullilove Donald \\\"Don\\\" Fullilove (born May 16, 1958 in Dallas, Texas) is an American film and voice actor who has had a role in numerous projects over the course of his forty-year plus career in both films and television. He portrayed Hill Valley, California Mayor Goldie Wilson\",\n \"title\": \"Donald Fullilove\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20183063\",\n \"text\": \"The Mayor (TV series) The Mayor was an American sitcom television series, created by Jeremy Bronson. The series was produced by ABC Studios, with Bronson serving as showrunner. It aired on ABC from October 3 to December 12, 2017. The series stars Brandon Micheal Hall as Courtney Rose, an aspiring rapper who unwittingly becomes the mayor of his hometown after running to gain publicity for his music. Lea Michele and Yvette Nicole Brown also star, with newcomers Bernard David Jones and Marcel Spears. The pilot was ordered to series by ABC on May 11, 2017. Despite receiving positive reviews from\",\n \"title\": \"The Mayor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14572275\",\n \"text\": \"has been pulling double duty, appearing in the main cast of CW's superhero show \\\"Arrow\\\", as John Diggle, a military veteran who is Oliver's partner, confidant, bodyguard, and later gained an alter ego, Spartan, since the 4th season. Ramsey also stars in the TV series \\\"Blue Bloods\\\" as Mayor Carter Poole. Ramsey is an accomplished martial artist, with a black belt in Jeet Kune Do. He has also studied boxing, tae kwon do and Wing Chun, and trained in kickboxing under Benny \\\"Jet\\\" Urquidez. David Ramsey David Paul Ramsey (born November 17, 1971) is an American actor and martial artist,\",\n \"title\": \"David Ramsey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18601537\",\n \"text\": \"April 5 and then to May 3. Chernow served as historical consultant to the production. The show opened to universal acclaim according to review aggregator \\\"Did He Like It\\\". \\\"Hamilton\\\" premiered on Broadway at the Richard Rodgers Theatre (also home to Miranda's 2008 Broadway debut \\\"In the Heights\\\") on July 13, 2015 in previews, and opened on August 6, 2015. The production is produced by Jeffrey Seller and features scenic design by David Korins, costumes by Paul Tazewell, lighting by Howell Binkley and sound by Nevin Steinberg, who all reprised their roles from the off-Broadway production. The production was critically\",\n \"title\": \"Hamilton (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"228739\",\n \"text\": \"in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in \\\"Sex and the City\\\" (2000–2002), Orson Hodge in \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\" (2006–2012), The Captain in \\\"How I Met Your Mother\\\" (2010–2014), the Mayor of Portland in \\\"Portlandia\\\" (2011–2018) and Calvin Zabo in \\\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\\\" (2014–2015). MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama (1990), and was nominated in the same category in 2017, for playing the role of Dale Cooper in \\\"Twin Peaks\\\". He has also been nominated for two Emmy Awards for \\\"Twin Peaks\\\". MacLachlan was born at Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital in Yakima,\",\n \"title\": \"Kyle MacLachlan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8077546\",\n \"text\": \"Josh Hamilton (actor) Joshua Cole Hamilton (born June 9, 1969) is an American actor. Hamilton was born in New York City, the son of actors Sandra Kingsbury and Dan Hamilton. His stepmother is actress Stephanie Braxton. His Broadway credits include \\\"Proof\\\" and \\\"The Coast of Utopia\\\" (2007, Lincoln Center). Hamilton performed in \\\"The Cherry Orchard\\\" at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in January and February 2009, alongside Ethan Hawke, who was his co-star in the 1993 film \\\"Alive\\\". In November 2010, it was announced that both Hamilton (who will play Tom) and Dane Cook (who will play Carter) would star\",\n \"title\": \"Josh Hamilton (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2093330\",\n \"text\": \"the conviction that she didn't personally want to blur the lines between actor and journalist. After \\\"Murphy Brown\\\", Bergen hosted \\\"Exhale with Candice Bergen\\\" on the Oxygen network. She also appeared in character roles in films, including \\\"Miss Congeniality\\\" (2000), where she played villainous pageant host Kathy Morningside; she also portrayed the mayor of New York in \\\"Sweet Home Alabama\\\" (2002) and appeared in the Gwyneth Paltrow flight-attendant comedy, \\\"View from the Top\\\" (2003). She had roles in \\\"The In-Laws\\\" (2003), \\\"Footsteps\\\" (2003), a thriller, and a semi recurring role on \\\"Sex and the City\\\", where she played Enid Frick,\",\n \"title\": \"Candice Bergen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1667641\",\n \"text\": \"In 2004, he won the Gilda Radner Courage Award from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Barry Bostwick Barry Knapp Bostwick (born February 24, 1945) is an American stage and screen actor and singer. He is best known for portraying Brad Majors in the musical comedy horror \\\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\\\" (1975) and Mayor Randall Winston in the sitcom \\\"Spin City\\\" (1996–2002). Bostwick has also had considerable success in musical theatre, winning a Tony Award for his role in the musical \\\"The Robber Bridegroom\\\". Bostwick was born in San Mateo, California. He is the son of Elizabeth \\\"Betty\\\" (née Defendorf),\",\n \"title\": \"Barry Bostwick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5582297\",\n \"text\": \"wartime story \\\"Mister Roberts\\\" as a replacement, playing Ensign Pulver. In 1950, he was onstage again with Fonda in \\\"Critic's Choice\\\"; Howard Taubman of \\\"The New York Times\\\" called him \\\"properly obnoxious as the director\\\". Hamilton was teamed once more with Fonda in 1968 for the drama film \\\"The Boston Strangler\\\". His best known performance is as Larry Vaughn, the obdurate mayor of Amity, in the Steven Spielberg thriller \\\"Jaws\\\" (1975). Hamilton reprised the role in the sequel, \\\"Jaws 2\\\" in 1978. He was approached to reprise his role in \\\"Jaws the Revenge\\\", but died in 1986 aged 63 .\",\n \"title\": \"Murray Hamilton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7606481\",\n \"text\": \"Craig Robinson (actor) Craig Phillip Robinson (born October 25, 1971) is an American actor, comedian, and singer. He is best known for his roles as Darryl Philbin on \\\"The Office\\\" (2005–2013), Doug Judy (the \\\"Pontiac Bandit\\\") on \\\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\\\" (2013–) and Matheson in \\\"Pineapple Express\\\" (2008). Robinson has appeared in numerous other television shows and films including \\\"Zack and Miri Make a Porno\\\" (2008), \\\"Hot Tub Time Machine\\\" (2010), \\\"This Is the End\\\" (2013), and \\\"Sausage Party\\\" (2016). Robinson was born in Chicago, Illinois, to a music teacher mother and an attorney father. He was raised on the South Side\",\n \"title\": \"Craig Robinson (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12525242\",\n \"text\": \"and as John Henry Irons in the animated film \\\"The Death Of Superman\\\" and its 2019 sequel, \\\"The Reign Of The Supermen\\\". Cress Williams Cress Williams (born July 26, 1970) is an American actor, known for his roles in \\\"Prison Break\\\" and \\\"Close to Home\\\". His most recent roles include Mayor Lavon Hayes on The CW series \\\"Hart of Dixie\\\" as well as the title character on The CW's \\\"Black Lightning\\\". Williams is also best known for his recurring role as Terrence \\\"Scooter\\\" Williams on Fox's \\\"Living Single\\\". Williams was born in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany, to American parents. He\",\n \"title\": \"Cress Williams\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5707527\",\n \"text\": \"into the organization on July 10, 2016, at the 67th annual Boule, in Atlanta, Georgia. On October 7, 2016, it was announced that Sumpter would be playing a leading role and co-executive produce political drama \\\"The 313\\\" for CBS. She will play Mayor of Detroit in show. She also was set to star alongside Taraji P. Henson in Tyler Perry's drama film \\\"Acrimony\\\", but left the project. In 2018, Sumpter appeared alongside Casey Affleck, Danny Glover, Sissy Spacek and Robert Redford in the drama \\\"The Old Man & the Gun\\\", directed by David Lowery. Also that year, she starred with\",\n \"title\": \"Tika Sumpter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4686419\",\n \"text\": \"Glenn Shadix William Glenn Shadix Scott (April 15, 1952 – September 7, 2010) was an American actor and voice actor known for his role as Otho in Tim Burton's horror comedy film \\\"Beetlejuice\\\" and as the voice of the Mayor of Halloween Town in \\\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\\\". Shadix was born in Bessemer, Alabama. He added the surname \\\"Scott\\\" when his mother, Annie Ruth (Livingston), remarried a few years after his birth. He attended Birmingham-Southern College for two years, studying with absurdist playwright-director Arnold Powell. He lived in Manhattan, New York City prior to moving to Hollywood in the late\",\n \"title\": \"Glenn Shadix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12033494\",\n \"text\": \"Jon Prescott Jon Prescott (born August 10, 1981) is an American actor. He was born in Mountain View, California, but raised near Portland, Oregon. Prescott has two brothers, and a sister. He attended Emerson College in Boston. After college he moved to Los Angeles. He hosted OLN's \\\"Outdoor Investigations\\\" and has also been seen on television in \\\"30 Rock\\\", \\\"Rescue Me\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"As the World Turns\\\", \\\"Watch Over Me\\\", \\\"Law & Order\\\", \\\"Las Vegas\\\", \\\"One Life to Live\\\", \\\"Hot Properties\\\", \\\"The 1/2 Hour News Hour\\\", \\\"Celebrity Apprentice,\\\" and the HBO pilot \\\"Suburban Shootout.\\\" His films include \\\"Howl\\\" and \\\"The Holiday\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Jon Prescott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9171740\",\n \"text\": \"was announced to guest star in FX comedy series \\\"Wilfred\\\", a role which later turned into a recurring one. The following year, Carbonell briefly appeared in \\\"The Dark Knight Rises\\\", reprising his role as Mayor Anthony Garcia in the final installment of Christopher Nolan's \\\"Dark Knight\\\" trilogy. From 2013 to the series' ending in 2017, he portrayed Sheriff Alex Romero in the A&E \\\"Psycho\\\" prequel series \\\"Bates Motel\\\", opposite Vera Farmiga and Freddie Highmore. In the first season, he starred in a recurring capacity, but was upgraded to a main cast member starting with the second season. Carbonell also directed\",\n \"title\": \"Nestor Carbonell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1667632\",\n \"text\": \"Barry Bostwick Barry Knapp Bostwick (born February 24, 1945) is an American stage and screen actor and singer. He is best known for portraying Brad Majors in the musical comedy horror \\\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\\\" (1975) and Mayor Randall Winston in the sitcom \\\"Spin City\\\" (1996–2002). Bostwick has also had considerable success in musical theatre, winning a Tony Award for his role in the musical \\\"The Robber Bridegroom\\\". Bostwick was born in San Mateo, California. He is the son of Elizabeth \\\"Betty\\\" (née Defendorf), a housewife, and Henry \\\"Bud\\\" Bostwick, a city planner and actor. His only sibling, Henry\",\n \"title\": \"Barry Bostwick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15152824\",\n \"text\": \"Ross Jansen Sir Ross Malcolm Jansen (6 September 1932 – 15 December 2010) was mayor of Hamilton, New Zealand, from 1977 to 1989. He was an expert in local government, held a variety of positions, was academically acknowledged, and received a number of honours. Jansen was born on 6 September 1932 in Carterton, and was educated in the Wairarapa and at Victoria University College, from where he graduated with a LLB in 1957. He became a barrister and solicitor. In the , he stood in the new electorate for the National Party, but was defeated by Labour's Rufus Rogers. Jansen\",\n \"title\": \"Ross Jansen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17840288\",\n \"text\": \"of the city of New Orleans, and CBS' decision to cast Scott Bakula as \\\"one of the most likable leading men in television, so they're set there.\\\" David Hinckley of the New York \\\"Daily News\\\" gave a mixed but critical review of the pilot episode, saying there is a \\\"Crescent City flavor here. But in the larger picture, not much on this menu is unfamiliar.\\\" Liz Shannon Miller and Ben Travers of \\\"Indiewire\\\" said that \\\"NCIS\\\" is like \\\"the obelisk in \\\"2001: A Space Odyssey\\\", it's an awe-inspiring, inescapable presence in the broadcast line-up. \\\"NCIS\\\" on CBS: It is here.\",\n \"title\": \"NCIS: New Orleans\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18960366\",\n \"text\": \"Anthony Ramos (actor) Anthony Ramos Martinez (born November 1, 1991) is an American actor. In 2015, he originated the dual roles of John Laurens and Philip Hamilton in the Broadway musical \\\"Hamilton\\\". Ramos was born Anthony Ramos Martinez, and is of Puerto Rican descent. He grew up in Bushwick, Brooklyn where he lived with his mother, older brother, and younger sister. Ramos attended Halsey Junior High School, where he sang Motown songs at school assemblies in a student group called the Halsey Trio. He is a 2009 graduate of New Utrecht High School. His ambitions at the time centered around\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Ramos (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18533516\",\n \"text\": \"Smurfs: The Lost Village Smurfs: The Lost Village is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated adventure fantasy film based on \\\"The Smurfs\\\" comic book series by Peyo, produced by Columbia Pictures, Sony Pictures Animation and The Kerner Entertainment Company, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. A reboot of Sony's previous live-action/animated hybrid films, the film was directed by Kelly Asbury from a screenplay by Stacey Harman and Pamela Ribon, and stars the voices of Demi Lovato, Rainn Wilson, Joe Manganiello, Mandy Patinkin, Jack McBrayer, Danny Pudi, Michelle Rodriguez, Ellie Kemper, Ariel Winter, Meghan Trainor, and Julia Roberts. In the film, a\",\n \"title\": \"Smurfs: The Lost Village\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5088884\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Groener Harry Groener (born September 10, 1951) is a German-born American actor and dancer, perhaps best known for playing Mayor Wilkins in \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\" (seasons 3, 4 and 7). Groener was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany, to an opera singer mother and a father who worked as a concert pianist, office clerk, and composer. He emigrated to the United States with his family at the age of two. As a teenager, Groener was apprenticed at the San Francisco Ballet; he went on to study drama at the University of Washington. Groener's reputation in New York City rests\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Groener\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10314230\",\n \"text\": \"Ashley Hamilton Ashley George Hamilton (born September 30, 1974) is an American actor, comedian and singer-songwriter. He made his acting debut in the 1993 film \\\"Beethoven's 2nd\\\". He has since starred in films such as \\\"Lost in Africa\\\" (1994), \\\"Off Key\\\" (2001), \\\"Lost Angeles\\\" (2012), \\\"Iron Man 3\\\" (2013), and \\\"Cats Dancing on Jupiter\\\" (2015). He portrayed the role of Cole Deschanel in the first season of the NBC television series \\\"Sunset Beach\\\" (1997). Hamilton was born in Los Angeles, the son of actors George Hamilton and Alana Stewart, and the now ex-stepson of musician Rod Stewart. At 19, Hamilton\",\n \"title\": \"Ashley Hamilton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15129150\",\n \"text\": \"Allan Steele Allan Steele (born December 30, 1966) is an American actor and writer. He is perhaps best known for playing Sergeant Harris in the film \\\"The Next Three Days\\\", and for TV roles on \\\"The Black Donnellys\\\", \\\"NYPD Blue\\\", \\\"Family Law\\\", \\\"Time of Your Life\\\" and \\\"Falcone\\\". In 2015, Allan appeared in the HBO mini-series Show Me A Hero, written by David Simon and Bill Zorzi, and directed by Academy-Award winner Paul Haggis. A true story, the series takes place in Yonkers, NY in the 1980s, when a federal court order forced Yonkers mayor Nick Wasicsko (Oscar Isaac) to\",\n \"title\": \"Allan Steele\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18216763\",\n \"text\": \"the Hip Pocket Theatre, including \\\"Widows\\\" by Ariel Dorfman. Villari is also an acting coach and works with children's literary programs. Libby Villari Margaret Elizabeth \\\"Libby\\\" Villari (née Webb; born November 17, 1951) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Mayor Lucy Rodell on \\\"Friday Night Lights\\\". Her film appearances include \\\"Infamous\\\", \\\"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\\\", \\\"Boys Don't Cry\\\", and \\\"The Faculty\\\". Born Margaret Elizabeth Webb in North Carolina, she grew up in California, later moving to Texas. Her mother was Peggy Lee (née Walters; 1931–2004) and her father was Roy Frank Webb (1924–1973).\",\n \"title\": \"Libby Villari\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19656729\",\n \"text\": \"Debose, Sydney James Harcourt, Sasha Hutchings, Thayne Jasperson, Emmy Raver-Lampman, Austin Smith, Seth Stewart, Betsy Struxness, and Ephraim Sykes. Rua received a ceremonial plate for artistic achievements as a local native, presented by the mayor of Elizabeth, New Jersey during a July 8, 2016 appearance in the \\\"Young Immigrant Hamilton Tour,\\\" part of the city's annual \\\"CelebrateHAMILTON\\\" program. Other awards: Rua lives in New York City, where he teaches at the Broadway Dance Center. Jon Rua Jon Rua (born Jonathan Rua, August 14, 1983) is an American actor, singer, and choreographer, best known for his roles in Broadway musicals such\",\n \"title\": \"Jon Rua\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20607139\",\n \"text\": \"days in jail. Jamil asserted the casting as being a case of . Additional casting which included the additions of Spencer Garrett, James Remar, Brenda Vaccaro and Mike Moh was announced in July. In August 2018, additional castings were made, including Damon Herriman as Charles Manson, and Lena Dunham, Austin Butler, Danny Strong, Rumer Willis, Dreama Walker, and Margaret Qualley cast in supporting roles. Principal photography began on June 18, 2018, in Los Angeles, California and wrapped on November 1, 2018. Reynolds died in September 2018 before filming any of his scenes; Bruce Dern was cast as George Spahn in\",\n \"title\": \"Once Upon a Time in Hollywood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20183065\",\n \"text\": \"pitched to the ABC network in the summer of 2016, and it has drawn some comparisons to the outcome of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election as well as Donald Trump's presidential campaign and victory. The series' creator, Jeremy Bronson, has stated the show is not meant to be a parody or satire, but he has admitted that the pilot episode drew some inspiration from President Trump. On January 26, 2017, Brandon Micheal Hall was cast as Courtney Rose. Lea Michele was cast as Valentina Barella on February 23, 2017. On March 16, 2017, Yvette Nicole Brown was cast as Dina\",\n \"title\": \"The Mayor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6300878\",\n \"text\": \"Bell has played the role of United States' founding father Alexander Hamilton in several television commercials for Citizen Bank. Bell and his wife, Milena, live in West Hollywood, California. Marshall Bell Archibald Marshall Bell (born September 28, 1942) is an American actor. He has appeared in many character roles in movies and television. He is known for roles in \\\"\\\" (1985), \\\"Stand by Me\\\" (1986), \\\"Twins\\\" (1988) and \\\"Total Recall\\\" (1990). Bell was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he lived until age 13. His family then moved to Denver, Colorado. Bell attended boarding school at St. Paul's, Concord, New Hampshire,\",\n \"title\": \"Marshall Bell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20962026\",\n \"text\": \"A day later, it was announced that Joel Fields had joined the production as an additional writer and executive producer. Alongside the series order announcement, it was confirmed that Sam Rockwell and Michelle Williams had been cast in the lead roles of Bob Fosse and Gwen Verdon, respectively. On November 19, 2018, it was announced Margaret Qualley and Norbert Leo Butz had been cast in series regular roles and that Aya Cash, Nate Corddry, Susan Misner, Bianca Marroquín, Kelli Barrett, Evan Handler, Rick Holmes, Paul Reiser, Ethan Slater, Byron Jennings, and Laura Osnes had joined the cast cast in a\",\n \"title\": \"Fosse/Verdon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4605773\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Weatherly Michael Manning Weatherly Jr. (born July 8, 1968) is an American actor, producer and director who became known for playing the role of Anthony DiNozzo on CBS television series, \\\"NCIS\\\" (2003–2016). In October 2016, he assumed the role of Jason Bull in \\\"Bull\\\". Weatherly is also recognized for his portrayal of Logan Cale in \\\"Dark Angel\\\" (2000–2002). Weatherly was born in New York City and reared in Fairfield, Connecticut, by parents Patricia O'Hara (née Hetherington) and Michael Weatherly Sr. He is of Irish descent. Weatherly attended Fairfield Country Day School and graduated from Brooks School in North Andover,\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Weatherly\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5088889\",\n \"text\": \"Minneapolis, playing a dual role as both U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. Ovation Awards Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards Joseph Jefferson Award Harry Groener Harry Groener (born September 10, 1951) is a German-born American actor and dancer, perhaps best known for playing Mayor Wilkins in \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\" (seasons 3, 4 and 7). Groener was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany, to an opera singer mother and a father who worked as a concert pianist, office clerk, and composer. He emigrated to the United States with his family at the age of\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Groener\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4666064\",\n \"text\": \"Ian Kahn Ian R. Kahn (born April 21, 1972) is an American stage and television actor, perhaps best known for his roles on \\\"\\\", \\\"Dawson's Creek\\\", \\\"Bull\\\", \\\"The Unusuals\\\" and \\\"As the World Turns\\\". He portrayed George Washington in 24 episodes of the 2014 TV series, \\\"\\\". He made his Broadway debut in \\\"ENRON\\\" at the Broadhurst Theater in April 2010. In September 2009, he made his off-Broadway debut in MCC's \\\"Still Life\\\". He has appeared in major regional theater companies across the United States. Some of his roles have included Mortimer in \\\"Arsenic and Old Lace\\\" at the Baltimore\",\n \"title\": \"Ian Kahn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20183066\",\n \"text\": \"Rose. Marcel Spears was cast as T.K. Clifton on May 16, 2017. On July 27, 2017, Bernard David Jones was cast as Jermaine Leforge. In addition to serving as an executive producer, Daveed Diggs will write original music for the series. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 83% based on 29 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \\\"\\\"The Mayor\\\" gets off to a promising start in its first season, elevated by a charmingly hopeful tone and political humor that reaches amiably across the aisle.\\\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted\",\n \"title\": \"The Mayor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18959324\",\n \"text\": \"Daveed Diggs Daveed Daniele Diggs (born January 24, 1982) is an American actor, rapper and singer. He is the vocalist of the experimental hip hop group Clipping and in 2015 originated the roles of Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson in the musical \\\"Hamilton\\\", for which he won both a Grammy Award and Tony Award. Since leaving \\\"Hamilton\\\" in 2016, he has had a recurring role on the television series \\\"Black-ish\\\", and co-starred in the film \\\"Wonder\\\". Diggs also wrote and starred in the 2018 film \\\"Blindspotting\\\", which earned him a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Male\",\n \"title\": \"Daveed Diggs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20271839\",\n \"text\": \"a surprising $34.5 million to win its opening weekend in January 2012. Most recently, Helmuth appeared in the 2013 biopic, \\\"Jobs\\\". In addition to his spot on \\\"Alias\\\", Helmuth's television credits included guest roles on \\\"NCIS\\\" (2006), \\\"Bones\\\" (2012), \\\"Rizzoli & Isles\\\" (2012), \\\"Perception\\\" (2013), and \\\"Battle Creek\\\" (2015). Helmuth died at the age of 40 on July 17, 2017, in Los Angeles, California, after complications from a stroke. Evan Helmuth Evan Hershey Helmuth (May 18, 1977 – July 17, 2017) was an American film and television actor. Helmuth was best known for his lead role as Father David Keane\",\n \"title\": \"Evan Helmuth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15982017\",\n \"text\": \"Jeff Hiller Jeff Hiller is an American actor and comedian. Hiller started performing improv comedy Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in 2001 where he was part of the improv teams \\\"People People\\\", \\\"The Scam\\\", \\\"Creep\\\" and \\\"Police Chief Rumble\\\". Hiller has appeared in various television series, including \\\"Guiding Light\\\", \\\"Ugly Betty\\\", \\\"30 Rock\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Psych\\\", and \\\"Community\\\". He has also appeared in the films \\\"Morning Glory\\\" and \\\"Ghost Town\\\". He was well-received for his performance as John Quincy Adams in the hit rock musical \\\"Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson\\\". Hiller is openly gay and was founder of the all-gay improv troupe \\\"Neely\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Hiller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18636351\",\n \"text\": \"Jaeden Lieberher Jaeden Lieberher (born January 4, 2003) is an American actor. He is best known for starring as Bill Denbrough in the horror film \\\"It\\\" (2017), and for his leading roles in the films \\\"St. Vincent\\\", \\\"Midnight Special\\\", \\\"The Confirmation\\\" and \\\"The Book of Henry\\\". Jaeden Lieberher was born on January 4, 2003 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Angela Martell and chef Wes Lieberher. He is of one quarter Korean descent. He grew up in South Philadelphia, where he attended the Independence Charter School. In 2011, when he was 8 years old, he moved to Los Angeles. Lieberher's\",\n \"title\": \"Jaeden Lieberher\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10844708\",\n \"text\": \"Lin-Manuel Miranda Lin-Manuel Miranda (; born January 16, 1980) is an American composer, lyricist, playwright, rapper, and actor best known for creating and starring in the Broadway musicals \\\"In the Heights\\\" and \\\"Hamilton\\\". He co-wrote the songs for Walt Disney Animation Studios' \\\"Moana\\\" soundtrack (2016) and co-starred in the film \\\"Mary Poppins Returns\\\". Miranda's awards include a Pulitzer Prize, three Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, a MacArthur Fellowship, three Tony Awards and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Miranda was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor in 2018. Miranda wrote the music and lyrics for the musical \\\"In the\",\n \"title\": \"Lin-Manuel Miranda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5435978\",\n \"text\": \"quit the show in 1993 in favor of doing comedy TV. However, later in 1996, he did make a brief return to stir things up between Hayley and new boyfriend Mateo (Mark Consuelos). Borlenghi also played Ziggy Deadmarsh on CBS soap opera \\\"The Bold and the Beautiful\\\" in 2002, and Mayor Anthony Marino on NBC \\\"Days of Our Lives\\\". Borlenghi spent several years starring on various sitcoms, such as \\\"The Jeff Foxworthy Show\\\", in which he portrayed Jeff Foxworthy's assistant Russ Francis; \\\"Pig Sty\\\" on UPN; \\\"Party Girl\\\" on FOX; and \\\"\\\". He also guest-starred on \\\"Melissa and Joey\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Borlenghi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18601516\",\n \"text\": \"opened the following month. The West End production of \\\"Hamilton\\\" opened at the Victoria Palace Theatre in London in December 2017, winning seven Olivier Awards in 2018, including Best New Musical. The first U.S. national tour of the show began performances in March 2017. A second U.S. tour opened in February 2018. A third tour was announced on November 12, 2018. The play has two acts, telling Hamilton's story through major events. It tells Hamilton's life from beginning to end along with various other characters such as Lafayette, Aaron Burr and former president, Thomas Jefferson. The musical begins with the\",\n \"title\": \"Hamilton (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8295453\",\n \"text\": \"Horton Hears a Who! (film) Horton Hears a Who! (also known as Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who!) is a 2008 American computer animated adventure comedy film based on the book of the same name by Dr. Seuss, produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox. Directed by Jimmy Hayward and Steve Martino in their directorial debuts, the film's screenplay was written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio, and features the voices of Jim Carrey and Steve Carell as Horton the Elephant and the Mayor of Whoville, respectively, alongside Carol Burnett, Will Arnett, Seth Rogen, Isla Fisher,\",\n \"title\": \"Horton Hears a Who! (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7899662\",\n \"text\": \"Chris Tallman Christopher Tallman (born September 22, 1970) is an American actor and comedian best known for his regular appearances on the Comedy Central programs \\\"\\\" and \\\"Reno 911!\\\". Tallman was also the creator of the popular Channel 101 series \\\"Time Belt\\\" which he wrote, directed, co-produced and starred in. He has also guest-starred on many television shows such as \\\"House\\\", \\\"Parks and Recreation\\\", \\\"Emily's Reasons Why Not\\\", \\\"Angel\\\", \\\"How I Met Your Mother\\\", \\\"The Sarah Silverman Show\\\" , \\\"The King of Queens\\\" and appeared on \\\"Frank TV\\\" as Ed McMahon. On October 14, 2013, Tallman's new show \\\"The Thundermans\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Tallman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19741935\",\n \"text\": \"Don McManus Don McManus (sometimes credited as Don R. McManus) is an American film actor, with feature credits including \\\"Vice, \\\"Grand Piano\\\", \\\"Under the Silver Lake\\\", \\\"The Maze Runner\\\", \\\"Lucky Bastard\\\", \\\"Lovelace\\\", \\\"Dark Around the Stars\\\", \\\"For A Good Time, Call\\\", \\\"Magnolia\\\", \\\"The Shawshank Redemption\\\", \\\"Under the Tuscan Sun\\\", \\\"National Treasure\\\", \\\"Hannibal\\\", \\\"Air Force One\\\",\\\" and \\\"The Congress\\\". And TV credits including: \\\"Sorry For Your Loss\\\", \\\"Mom\\\", \\\"Supernatural\\\", \\\"Castle\\\", \\\"Justified\\\", \\\"The Newsroom\\\", \\\"24\\\", \\\"Northern Exposure\\\", \\\"Franklin & Bash\\\", \\\"NCIS\\\", \\\"Private Practice\\\", \\\"Parks and Recreation\\\", \\\"Boston Legal\\\", \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", \\\"Dexter\\\", \\\"Seinfeld\\\", \\\"Frasier\\\", \\\"Nip/Tuck\\\", \\\"The Closer\\\", \\\"CSI\\\", \\\"Party of Five\\\", \\\"Mad About\",\n \"title\": \"Don McManus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8910875\",\n \"text\": \"Bruce A. Young Bruce Arnold Young (born April 22, 1956) is an American television, film, and stage actor, television writer and screenwriter. Young is best known for his role as Captain Simon Banks in the UPN science fiction police drama \\\"The Sentinel\\\". Young also had roles in the films \\\"Risky Business\\\", \\\"Jurassic Park III\\\", \\\"The Color of Money\\\", \\\"Basic Instinct\\\", \\\"Into Temptation\\\", \\\"Undisputed\\\", and \\\"Enough\\\". His other television roles include parts in \\\"21 Jump Street\\\", \\\"E/R\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Quantum Leap\\\", \\\"NYPD Blue\\\", \\\"The X-Files\\\", \\\"Cold Case\\\", \\\"Lady Blue\\\", \\\"Ghost Whisperer\\\", \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" and \\\"Prison Break\\\". As television writer and screenwriter, Young\",\n \"title\": \"Bruce A. Young\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7804630\",\n \"text\": \"Victoria Hamilton Victoria Hamilton (born 5 April 1971) is an English actress. After training at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, Hamilton began her career in classical theatre, appearing in productions with the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre. In 2002, she appeared in the London stage play \\\"A Day in the Death of Joe Egg\\\" alongside Clive Owen and later Eddie Izzard. She made her Broadway debut in 2003 when the production moved to New York, where she earned a Tony Award nomination. She won the Critics' Circle Theatre Award and Evening Standard Theatre Award for\",\n \"title\": \"Victoria Hamilton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18700162\",\n \"text\": \"Screenplay awards at the Los Angeles Art-House Film Festival and the West Field Screenwriter Awards. He wrote, directed and stars in the comedy series \\\"Man Jam\\\". He is the Head of Production for his production company, Westbrook Pictures. Carmody lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Sandra McCurdy. Matt Carmody Matt Carmody is an American actor, writer, director, and producer. He is known for his television appearances on shows including \\\"Ponderosa\\\", \\\"JAG\\\", \\\"NCIS\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"CSI New York\\\", as well as for his leading role in the horror film \\\"Carver\\\". Carmody was born in Silver Spring, Maryland and grew up\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Carmody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18700160\",\n \"text\": \"Matt Carmody Matt Carmody is an American actor, writer, director, and producer. He is known for his television appearances on shows including \\\"Ponderosa\\\", \\\"JAG\\\", \\\"NCIS\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"CSI New York\\\", as well as for his leading role in the horror film \\\"Carver\\\". Carmody was born in Silver Spring, Maryland and grew up in the town of Kensington, Maryland. After graduating from Walter Johnson High School, he studied art and music before moving to Los Angeles, California to pursue acting. He was cast in his first series-regular role in the pilot of \\\"U.S.M.A., West Point\\\", produced by Beth Sullivan, creator of\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Carmody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14890086\",\n \"text\": \"Vanessa Bayer Vanessa Polster Bayer (born November 14, 1981) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for being a cast member on \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\", which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination, from 2010 to 2017. Bayer also appeared in films such as \\\"Trainwreck\\\" (2015), \\\"Office Christmas Party\\\" (2016), \\\"Carrie Pilby\\\" (2016), and \\\"Ibiza\\\" (2018). Bayer was born and raised in Orange, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, to a Reform Jewish family. She is the daughter of Carolyn (née Polster) and Todd Bayer. She has a brother, Jonah, who is a music journalist and the drummer\",\n \"title\": \"Vanessa Bayer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10477854\",\n \"text\": \"has appeared on the following TV series: \\\"Zoey 101\\\", \\\"Punk'd\\\", and starred on NBC's \\\"Kingpin\\\". Rubén attended Loyola High School of Los Angeles and graduated in 2011. Rubén will be starring in the role of John Laurens/Phillip Hamilton on the national tour of \\\"Hamilton\\\", which opens in March 2017 in San Francisco. Rubén Carbajal Rubén Carbajal (born February 26, 1993) is an American actor who has appeared on many television series. His most watched appearance was a mini series \\\"Kingpin\\\". In this series, Carbajal worked with actors such as Yancey Arias, Sheryl Lee, Bobby Cannavale, Angela Alvarado Rosa, and many\",\n \"title\": \"Rubén Carbajal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13709361\",\n \"text\": \"Kotaro Watanabe and Jamison Yang guest starred in the episode as Japanese-inspired versions of the Griffin family and Glenn Quagmire. Recurring guest voice actor John G. Brennan reprised his recurring role as Mort Goldman and Adam West reprised his role as Mayor Adam West, who appears as an anthropomorphic mouse in the Disney universe. Minor appearances were made by writer and showrunner Steve Callaghan, actor Ralph Garman, writer and showrunner Mark Hentemann and writers Patrick Meighan, Danny Smith, Alec Sulkin and John Viener. The episode opens with Stewie revealing his ability to travel across parallel universes to Brian. The first\",\n \"title\": \"Road to the Multiverse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15982018\",\n \"text\": \"O'Hara\\\". Jeff Hiller Jeff Hiller is an American actor and comedian. Hiller started performing improv comedy Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in 2001 where he was part of the improv teams \\\"People People\\\", \\\"The Scam\\\", \\\"Creep\\\" and \\\"Police Chief Rumble\\\". Hiller has appeared in various television series, including \\\"Guiding Light\\\", \\\"Ugly Betty\\\", \\\"30 Rock\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Psych\\\", and \\\"Community\\\". He has also appeared in the films \\\"Morning Glory\\\" and \\\"Ghost Town\\\". He was well-received for his performance as John Quincy Adams in the hit rock musical \\\"Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson\\\". Hiller is openly gay and was founder of the all-gay improv troupe\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Hiller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2981424\",\n \"text\": \"Greg Kinnear Gregory Buck Kinnear (born June 17, 1963) is an American actor and television personality. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \\\"As Good as It Gets\\\". Kinnear has appeared in many popular films, including \\\"Heaven is for Real\\\", \\\"Sabrina\\\", \\\"As Good as It Gets\\\", \\\"You've Got Mail\\\", \\\"Nurse Betty\\\", \\\"We Were Soldiers\\\", \\\"Stuck on You\\\", \\\"Little Miss Sunshine\\\", Someone Like You, \\\"Robots\\\", \\\"Invincible\\\" and \\\"Green Zone\\\", \\\"The Last Song\\\" and television roles, such as \\\"Friends\\\", \\\"Talk Soup\\\", \\\"The Kennedys\\\", \\\"Modern Family\\\" and \\\"Rake\\\". Kinnear was born in Logansport, Indiana, to\",\n \"title\": \"Greg Kinnear\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18346650\",\n \"text\": \"Ronnie Gene Blevins Ronnie Gene Blevins (born June 20, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as small-time criminal Willie Russell in the 2013 film \\\"Joe\\\", directed by David Gordon Green. \\\"Joe\\\" premiered at the Venice Film Festival in 2013 to positive reviews. Blevins' other notable works include \\\"The Dark Knight Rises\\\", \\\"Seven Psychopaths\\\", \\\"Avenged\\\" and the 2017 remake of \\\"Death Wish\\\". His TV credits include \\\"NCIS\\\", \\\"True Detective\\\", \\\"Kingdom\\\" and \\\"Twin Peaks\\\". Blevins also wrote, produced and starred in the 2009 independent film \\\"American Cowslip\\\". He is married to actress Veronica Burgess, and has\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Gene Blevins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4605781\",\n \"text\": \"expected role in the show was terminated. Saturn Awards Soap Opera Digest Awards Teen Choice Awards Michael Weatherly Michael Manning Weatherly Jr. (born July 8, 1968) is an American actor, producer and director who became known for playing the role of Anthony DiNozzo on CBS television series, \\\"NCIS\\\" (2003–2016). In October 2016, he assumed the role of Jason Bull in \\\"Bull\\\". Weatherly is also recognized for his portrayal of Logan Cale in \\\"Dark Angel\\\" (2000–2002). Weatherly was born in New York City and reared in Fairfield, Connecticut, by parents Patricia O'Hara (née Hetherington) and Michael Weatherly Sr. He is of\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Weatherly\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2492124\",\n \"text\": \"Hoffman for Best Supporting Actor, and Amy Adams for Best Supporting Actress. Production of Anderson's adaptation of Thomas Pynchon's 2009 novel \\\"Inherent Vice\\\" began in May 2013, and ended in August of the same year. The film marked the first time that Pynchon allowed his work to be adapted for the screen, and saw Anderson work with Phoenix for a second time. The supporting cast includes Owen Wilson, Reese Witherspoon, Jena Malone, Martin Short, Benicio Del Toro, Katherine Waterston, Josh Brolin, Peter McRobbie, Michael K. Williams, and Eric Roberts. Following its release in December 2014, the film received two nominations\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Thomas Anderson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10296415\",\n \"text\": \"Jordan Fisher Jordan William Fisher is an American singer, dancer, and actor. His self-titled EP was released by Hollywood Records on August 19, 2016. He has had recurring roles on the television series \\\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\\\" and \\\"Liv and Maddie\\\", and supporting roles in the television films \\\"Teen Beach Movie\\\", \\\"Teen Beach 2\\\", and \\\"\\\", and is featured on the \\\"Moana\\\" soundtrack. He assumed the role of John Laurens/Philip Hamilton in the Broadway production of \\\"Hamilton\\\" on November 22, 2016. He played Noah Patrick in the TV series \\\"Teen Wolf\\\". Fisher and his dancing partner Lindsay\",\n \"title\": \"Jordan Fisher\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13564233\",\n \"text\": \"and the Invisibles\\\", playing Armand Montgomery, father to Freddie Highmore's Arthur, and \\\"Jason Bourne\\\". Stanton appeared in episodes of the television shows \\\"Law & Order\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Frasier\\\", \\\"Ed\\\", \\\"Third Watch\\\", \\\"Damages\\\", \\\"NYC 22\\\", \\\"The Good Wife\\\", and \\\"Orange Is the New Black\\\". He also played Anthony “Robi” Frobisher, boss to mass killer \\\"Mr. Mercedes\\\", in David E. Kelley’s 2017 television adaptation of Stephen King’s novel. Robert Stanton (actor) Robert Lloyd Stanton (born March 8, 1963) is an American film, television and stage actor, director and playwright. He may be best known for his role in the 1993 film \\\"Dennis\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Stanton (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409878\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th\",\n \"title\": \"2007 New York Dragons season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19882106\",\n \"text\": \"ex-boyfriend as well as Jay Z. Seth Stewart Seth Stewart is an American actor, singer and dancer known for his roles in the musicals \\\"Hamilton\\\" (2015) and \\\"In the Heights (2008)\\\". He also appeared in the films \\\"Friends with Benefits\\\" (2011), \\\"\\\" (2008), and \\\"Music and Lyrics\\\" (2007). Stewart is from Kent, Ohio. As a boy, Stewart played football and wrestled, but always wanted to act. He studied dance starting at age 10 at the James Dance and Performing Arts Center in Howland, and then with Inna Stabrova and Dmitri Tuboltsev at the Ohio Youth Ballet as a teen. He\",\n \"title\": \"Seth Stewart\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10296423\",\n \"text\": \"Doody, opposite Carly Rae Jepsen as his girlfriend Frenchy. He sings a rendition of \\\"Those Magic Changes\\\" that was widely praised as a highlight of the show. In September 2017, Fisher was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on the 25th season of \\\"Dancing with the Stars.\\\" His professional partner was Lindsay Arnold. On November 21, Fisher and Arnold reached the finals, and were declared the winners of the season. Fisher made his Broadway debut in \\\"Hamilton\\\" on November 22, 2016, assuming the role of John Laurens/Philip Hamilton from Anthony Ramos. Jordan Fisher Jordan William Fisher is\",\n \"title\": \"Jordan Fisher\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18293477\",\n \"text\": \"Star Wars: The Last Jedi Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII – The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson. It is the second installment of the \\\"Star Wars\\\" sequel trilogy and the eighth installment of the main \\\"Star Wars\\\" film franchise, following \\\"\\\" (2015). It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film's ensemble cast includes Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Adam Driver, Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Andy Serkis, Lupita Nyong'o, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Gwendoline Christie, and\",\n \"title\": \"Star Wars: The Last Jedi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12303305\",\n \"text\": \"Hunter Gomez Hunter Gomez (born December 20, 1991) is an American actor. He is most widely recognized for his work in films and guest appearances in American television. Gomez was born in Mesa, Arizona. He began his entertainment career in 2003 at age 12. He has worked with actors including Nicolas Cage, Jon Voight, Christopher Plummer, Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Love Hewitt, James Belushi, Robert Picardo, Seth MacFarlane, Jodie Sweetin, David Henrie and most recently Sam Heughan. Gomez got his start playing the younger version of Nicolas Cage's character Benjamin Franklin Gates in the 2004 Disney film \\\"National Treasure\\\". Playing the\",\n \"title\": \"Hunter Gomez\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8077547\",\n \"text\": \"in Neil Labute's \\\"Fat Pig\\\". This marked Labute's Broadway directorial debut. In 2011 Hamilton starred as Torvald in Henrik Ibsen's \\\"A Doll's House\\\" at the Williamstown Theatre Festival. Hamilton has also performed on PRI's Selected Shorts, reading Neil Gaiman's story \\\"The Thing About Cassandra\\\". In late 2012, he appeared on Broadway in Theresa Rebeck's short-lived new comedy \\\"Dead Accounts\\\", starring Katie Holmes and Norbert Leo Butz. Josh Hamilton (actor) Joshua Cole Hamilton (born June 9, 1969) is an American actor. Hamilton was born in New York City, the son of actors Sandra Kingsbury and Dan Hamilton. His stepmother is actress\",\n \"title\": \"Josh Hamilton (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7666216\",\n \"text\": \"a zero-tolerance policy forbidding homosexual sheriffs. Dangle continues the briefing, and reveals the group have been invited to a convention at Scotland Yard. The film stars Thomas Lennon, Ben Garant, Kerri Kenney-Silver, Cedric Yarbrough, Wendi McLendon-Covey, Niecy Nash, Carlos Alazraqui, Paul Rudd, David Koechner, and Mary Birdsong. Certain famed actors make cameos, namely Michael Ian Black (who co-starred with Lennon and Kenney in \\\"Viva Variety\\\"), Patton Oswalt (Comedian and \\\"King of Queens\\\" co-star), Danny DeVito (also one of the film's executive producers), Paul Reubens (playing a different character than he plays on the series), Nick Swardson (who appears as his\",\n \"title\": \"Reno 911!: Miami\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10314234\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Gothic Harvest\\\". Ashley Hamilton Ashley George Hamilton (born September 30, 1974) is an American actor, comedian and singer-songwriter. He made his acting debut in the 1993 film \\\"Beethoven's 2nd\\\". He has since starred in films such as \\\"Lost in Africa\\\" (1994), \\\"Off Key\\\" (2001), \\\"Lost Angeles\\\" (2012), \\\"Iron Man 3\\\" (2013), and \\\"Cats Dancing on Jupiter\\\" (2015). He portrayed the role of Cole Deschanel in the first season of the NBC television series \\\"Sunset Beach\\\" (1997). Hamilton was born in Los Angeles, the son of actors George Hamilton and Alana Stewart, and the now ex-stepson of musician Rod Stewart. At\",\n \"title\": \"Ashley Hamilton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16659559\",\n \"text\": \"Avengers: Age of Ultron Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \\\"The Avengers\\\" and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård,\",\n \"title\": \"Avengers: Age of Ultron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4969313\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"A Time to Kill\\\"; \\\"Cookie's Fortune\\\"; \\\"Crocodile Dundee II\\\"; \\\"Cry, the Beloved Country\\\"; \\\"Surviving the Game\\\", \\\"Menace II Society\\\"; and \\\"Secret Window\\\". Dutton won Outstanding Guest Actor Emmy Awards in 2002 and 2003 for his roles in \\\"The Practice\\\" and \\\"Without a Trace\\\". He was previously nominated in 1999, for his guest-starring role as Alvah Case in the HBO prison drama \\\"Oz\\\" in its second-season premiere episode. For this role, he was also nominated for an NAACP Image Award. Also in 1999, he starred in an ensemble cast in \\\"\\\" in which he played the Mayor of New York City.\",\n \"title\": \"Charles S. Dutton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18960350\",\n \"text\": \"Okieriete Onaodowan Okieriete \\\"Oak\\\" Onaodowan (, born August 16, 1987) is an American actor, known for originating the roles of Hercules Mulligan and James Madison in the 2015 musical \\\"Hamilton\\\" and the role of Dean Miller in the ABC drama and \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" spin-off series, \\\"Station 19\\\". Onaodowan was born in Newark to Nigerian parents. He grew up in West Orange, New Jersey, and graduated from West Orange High School in 2005. Onaodowan briefly played football at West Orange High School but stopped after an injury during practice. As a result of the injury, Okieriete started to explore acting as\",\n \"title\": \"Okieriete Onaodowan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4167396\",\n \"text\": \"Gloria Reuben Gloria Elizabeth Reuben (born June 9, 1964) is a Canadian producer, singer and actress of film and television, known for her role as Jeanie Boulet on the medical drama \\\"ER\\\" and Marina Peralta on \\\"Falling Skies\\\". In film, she is known for portraying Elizabeth Keckley in \\\"Lincoln\\\". She is currently recurring in the role of Dr. Krista Gordon on \\\"Mr. Robot\\\" and on the main cast of \\\"Saints & Sinners\\\" as Mayor Pamela Clayborne. Reuben was born in Toronto, to Pearl Avis (Mills), a classical singer, and Cyril George Reuben, an engineer. Her parents were both Jamaican-born. Her\",\n \"title\": \"Gloria Reuben\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays mayor hamilton on ncis new orleans"}}},{"rowIdx":84,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["American southern rock group Rehab"],"string":"[\n \"American southern rock group Rehab\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"10107821","text":"Bartender (T-Pain song) \"Bartender\" is an R&B/hip-hop song by T-Pain, Co-written by Ali Noordin and the official second single from his second album, \"Epiphany\". The song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on the issue date of June 16, 2007 at #97 and peaked at #5, making the single T-Pain's 4th consecutive top 10 hit single on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 as well as Akon's 9th top 10 hit single on the same chart. In 2008 the song was nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group. The video premiered on Yahoo! Music on","title":"Bartender (T-Pain song)"},{"id":"1704518","text":"contained the band's cover of Joe Jackson's famous \"Is She Really Going Out With Him?\". ProHoeZak guested live with the band in 2003 having appeared on \"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\". In 2005, Sugar Ray released a greatest hits album, with three new songs, \"Shot of Laughter\", \"Time After Time\", and \"Psychedelic Bee\". After releasing their greatest hits album – \"The Best of Sugar Ray\", in 2005, the band went into a period of relative inactivity for a number of years, with Mark McGrath starting a new job as an anchor on the television show \"Extra\". In January 2006, Sugar","title":"Sugar Ray"},{"id":"7219454","text":"In the Pursuit of Leisure In the Pursuit of Leisure is Sugar Ray's fifth studio album released in 2003. Hip-hop artists Esthero and Shaggy guest-star on the album. It features the single \"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\", a song which includes samples from both Sweet's hit \"Love Is Like Oxygen\" and Midnight Star's hit \"No Parking (On the Dance Floor).\" That track was a success and reached the #20 spot on Billboard's Adult Top 40. A cover of Joe Jackson's new wave song \"Is She Really Going Out With Him?\" was released as the second single. It had similar success","title":"In the Pursuit of Leisure"},{"id":"9211030","text":"Broke (album) Broke is the second studio album by American punk rock band Hed PE. Released on August 22, 2000, the album expanded the band's sound to incorporate classic rock and world music influences. It peaked at #63 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and features the band's best known single, \"Bartender\", which peaked at #23 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and at #27 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, and appeared on the retrospectives \"The Best of Hed Planet Earth\" and \"\" The album sold over 250,000 copies. In contrast to the band's first album, which largely mixed hardcore","title":"Broke (album)"},{"id":"5930650","text":"Pain Is Love Pain Is Love is the third studio album by American rapper Ja Rule. Produced by Irv Gotti, it was released on October 2, 2001, by Murder Inc. Records, Def Jam Recordings. The album received a mixed reception from critics. \"Pain Is Love\" debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was supported by four singles: \"Livin' It Up\", \"I'm Real (Murder Remix)\", \"Always on Time\" and \"Down Ass Bitch\". It was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for selling over 3,000,000 copies. The sequel of the album, titled \"Pain Is Love 2\"","title":"Pain Is Love"},{"id":"7190840","text":"top 40 hit in the US, peaking at number 35 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while also reaching number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot Rap Singles. In December 2004, the single was re-released in the UK and peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It has sold 165,000 copies in the UK as of 2015. You Can Do It \"You Can Do It\" is a song by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released as the second single from the \"Next Friday\" soundtrack. The song features Ice Cube's Westside Connection bandmate Mack 10, as well as rapper Ms.","title":"You Can Do It"},{"id":"10215570","text":"Doing It to Death \"Doing It to Death\", also known as \"Gonna Have a Funky Good Time\", is a funk song recorded by The J.B.'s featuring James Brown. It was released as a single in 1973 and peaked at number one on the soul singles chart and number twenty-two on the Hot 100. Although the song has a lead vocal by Brown (who also wrote the tune and the lyrics), the recording is credited to \"Fred Wesley & The J.B.'s\". It was the first J.B.'s recording to feature saxophonist Maceo Parker, who had returned to work with Brown again after","title":"Doing It to Death"},{"id":"18383627","text":"Did It in a Minute \"Did It in a Minute\" is a song performed by American musical duo Hall & Oates. Written by member Daryl Hall with Sara and Janna Allen, the song was released as the third of four singles from their tenth studio album \"Private Eyes\" in March 1982. Daryl Hall performs lead vocals, while John Oates provides backing harmony vocals. It peaked at number nine on the United States \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming one of three top ten singles from \"Private Eyes\". The song was inspired by the 1977 Eric Carmen hit, \"She Did It,\" because of","title":"Did It in a Minute"},{"id":"9211035","text":"on the compilation \"The Best of Hed Planet Earth\", which was released without the band's authorization, permission, consent, or knowledge. \"Bartender\" and \"Killing Time\" were also included on \"\", which was compiled by the band and released by Suburban Noize Records. Broke (album) Broke is the second studio album by American punk rock band Hed PE. Released on August 22, 2000, the album expanded the band's sound to incorporate classic rock and world music influences. It peaked at #63 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and features the band's best known single, \"Bartender\", which peaked at #23 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock","title":"Broke (album)"},{"id":"20043434","text":"the final tracklist of \"Queen\" released the following year. When all three singles debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Minaj became the woman with the most entries on that chart at 76 songs, beating Aretha Franklin's record of 73 entries on the chart. Changed It \"Changed It\" is a song by Trinidadian-American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj and American rapper Lil Wayne. Produced by Motiv, Detail, and Sidney Swift, the song was released as a single on March 10, 2017 by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records, along with \"No Frauds\" and \"Regret in Your Tears\". On","title":"Changed It"},{"id":"7190839","text":"You Can Do It \"You Can Do It\" is a song by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released as the second single from the \"Next Friday\" soundtrack. The song features Ice Cube's Westside Connection bandmate Mack 10, as well as rapper Ms. Toi. \"You Can Do It\" later used as the lead single on Cube's sixth studio album, \"War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc)\". The song also appears on his \"Greatest Hits\" and \"In the Movies\" compilations. It would also appear on the double platinum \"Save the Last Dance\". The song became Ice Cube's sixth and final","title":"You Can Do It"},{"id":"11296010","text":"Around with Love\", \"Do Right Woman, Do Right Man\", and the title track. In 1971 she partnered with country artist, David Houston for the single, \"After Closing Time\" and eventually issued the album, \"A Perfect Match\" (1972). Her 1973 single, \"The Midnight Oil\" peaked at #7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. The success of the single brought Columbia to issue an album of the same name that year. After releasing \"This Time I Almost Made It\" (1974), Columbia dropped Mandrell due to her limited success. Mandrell's 1975 single, \"Standing Room Only\" was released on Dot Records and reached","title":"Barbara Mandrell discography"},{"id":"18168721","text":"February 28, 2015 and end in Camden, New Jersey in the United States on September 19, 2015. Hunter Hayes and Sam Hunt are the opening acts for the North American shows, with Brandy Clark, Kip Moore, Lee Brice, Troy Cassar-Daley, Kristian Bush, and Maddie & Tae opening for various international stops. \"Bartender\" was released as the album's lead single on May 19, 2014. The song reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs and also topped the Country Airplay and Canada Country charts in the fall of 2014. In October 2014, a \"pop mix\" of the song was serviced","title":"747 (album)"},{"id":"19638669","text":"This Time (Thomas Wayne song) \"This Time\" is a song written by Chips Moman, which was first recorded by Thomas Wayne and was released as a single on the Fernwood Records label in March 1958. On March 31, 1958, the song was released on the Mercury Records label, as the B-side of \"You're The One That Done It\". In 1961, Troy Shondell released a version of the song, which became an international hit. Shondell's version was released on the Goldcrest Records label, and was later leased to Liberty Records for distribution. Shondell's version spent 13 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot","title":"This Time (Thomas Wayne song)"},{"id":"13600001","text":"Girls. The group recorded the song and made several alterations. Lil Jon's verse was omitted whilst T-Pain was replaced with US rapper Eve. The song was released in the US on April 14, 2009 as a CD Single and digital download, along with a release in Canada. The girls will be promoting the song throughout October 2009 in Canada. The song was given mainly positive reviews. Many online sites created a \"Who Did It Better?\" poll, comparing the Paradiso version to the Hilson version. The song was named MuuMuse's \"Summer Jam of 2009\". The music video, directed by Ray Kay,","title":"Patron Tequila (song)"},{"id":"7539077","text":"of the Canadian charts. Their debut album \"Turn It Loud\", quickly went platinum and topped the charts for six weeks. It spawned the hit single \"Don't It Make Ya Feel\". Their follow-up, \"Line of Fire\", produced the hits \"Celebration\" and \"Just One More Time\". The Headpins toured Europe and North America while opening for bands such as KISS, Whitesnake, ZZ Top and Aerosmith, among others. Mills released her debut solo LP, \"Never Look Back\", backed by the Unsung Heroes. She returned to re-form the Headpins with Bernie Aubin and Ab Bryant a year or so later, without guitarist Brian MacLeod.","title":"Darby Mills"},{"id":"6122923","text":"T-Pain Faheem Rashad Najm (born September 30, 1985), better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. His debut album, \"Rappa Ternt Sanga\", was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album \"Epiphany\", which reached number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart. His third album, \"Thr33 Ringz\", was released in 2008. T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles, including \"I'm Sprung\", \"I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)\", \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\", \"Bartender\", \"Can't Believe It\", \"5 O'Clock\" and more. T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards, alongside","title":"T-Pain"},{"id":"15255814","text":"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy) \"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\" is a song by American rock band Sugar Ray. It was released in April 2003 as the lead single from their album, \"In the Pursuit of Leisure\". The song reached number 20 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 Tracks and featured hip hop artist ProHoeZak. It heavily samples the R&B group Midnight Star's 1983 single \"No Parking (On the Dance Floor),\" in addition to incorporating the main guitar riff from Sweet's 1978 hit, \"Love is Like Oxygen.\" The music video premiered in May 2003 and features the band working at","title":"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)"},{"id":"11128923","text":"Store on October 1, 2013 and reached number one on the Country Airplay chart in March 2014. It is one of the new recordings featured on the deluxe edition re-issue of \"Golden\", which was released on November 12, 2013. Unlike all of their previous releases, it was produced by Nathan Chapman. They also sang backing vocals on Darius Rucker's 2013 single \"Wagon Wheel\". \"Bartender\" was released to country radio on May 12, 2014, as the lead single for the group's sixth studio album, and was made available to digital retailers on May 19. In July 2014, the album's title was","title":"Lady Antebellum"},{"id":"9211032","text":"to pay back the losses owed to the label to recoup the commercial failure of the band's 1997 self-titled debut album. The album features guest appearances in recognition of Hed PE's hardcore punk and heavy metal influences, including Dead Kennedys guitarist East Bay Ray, who performs on the song \"Waiting to Die\", and singers Serj Tankian of System of a Down and Morgan Lander of Kittie, who appear on the song \"Feel Good\". The album peaked at #63 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while its first single, \"Bartender\", peaked at #23 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and at #27","title":"Broke (album)"},{"id":"18042721","text":"Bartender (Lady Antebellum song) \"Bartender\" is a song written and recorded by American country music trio Lady Antebellum. Written by group members Dave Haywood, Charles Kelley, and Hillary Scott along with Rodney Clawson, and co-produced with Nathan Chapman, the song was released to country radio by Capitol Nashville on May 12, 2014, as the lead single from the group's sixth studio album, \"747\". It was released to iTunes the following week, on May 19, 2014. In its first week at radio, \"Bartender\" was the second most-added song of the week (with 72), behind \"Small Town Throwdown\" by Brantley Gilbert featuring","title":"Bartender (Lady Antebellum song)"},{"id":"15886126","text":"was announced that the album's release date had been pushed back from 18 October to 31 October, though it was released in Europe on iTunes on 28 October. The first singles of the album are \"If You Really, Really Love Me\" in the United Kingdom and \"17 Girls In A Row\" in the United States. Guest appearances on the album are made by Dane Cook on \"In the Future\" and by Chad Kroeger and Nuno Bettencourt on \"It Won't Suck Itself\". The album debuted at #41 in Canada, and debuted at #40 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart with first-week sales","title":"Balls Out"},{"id":"20937653","text":"Lil Pump Gazzy Garcia (born August 17, 2000), known professionally as Lil Pump, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is best known for his 2017 song \"Gucci Gang\", which peaked at number three on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and is certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. His other songs include \"I Love It\" (with Kanye West), \"Boss\", \"Esskeetit\", and \"Drug Addicts\". He released his debut studio album, \"Lil Pump\", on October 6, 2017. Gazzy Garcia was born August 17, 2000 in Miami, Florida. In a 2018 interview with J. Cole, he stated that","title":"Lil Pump"},{"id":"6051364","text":"went on the road in the fall of 1977 opening for Gino Vannelli, then Boz Scaggs. They began to develop a distinctive, edgy and melodic rock style. Their biggest hit, \"Baby Come Back\", released in late 1977, rose to No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in January 1978 and was a chart success in other countries. Their follow up single, \"This Time I'm in It for Love\", also peaked at No. 10 the same year. Among several notable accolades, Player was named \"Billboard\"\"\"'s Best New Singles Artist of 1978. Eric Clapton invited them to open for him during his","title":"Player (band)"},{"id":"18370496","text":"Gold Record by the RIAA on August 26, 2016, certifying sales of over 500,000 copies. The single reached the No. 9 position of Billboard's Hot Rock Chart and reached No. 90 on the Billboard Hot 100 Credits are adapted from album liner notes. Blank Space \"Blank Space\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fifth studio album \"1989\" (2014). It was written by Swift, Max Martin and Shellback. The song was released to the radio by Republic Records on November 10, 2014 as the album's second single, after \"Shake It Off\" and is the second track","title":"Blank Space"},{"id":"12181258","text":"co-founded Safehouse Records, a record label in conjunction with Island Records and Hollywood Records. His sophomore solo album Last Year Was Complicated was released in 2016 and debuted as the #1 selling album of the week. Following the release, Jonas won the Songwriters Hall of Fame's Hal David Starlight Award in 2016. The project became his highest peaking entry as a solo artist on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single was a top twenty hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In 2017, Jonas appeared in the blockbuster hit \"\" alongside Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black and Kevin Hart which was","title":"Nick Jonas"},{"id":"6122933","text":"on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Guest appearances on \"Thr33 Ringz\" included T.I., Lil Wayne, Ludacris, DJ Khaled, Ciara, Chris Brown and Kanye West among others. \"Pr33 Ringz\" was the introduction mixtape for the album. In 2008, T-Pain continued to appear on numerous rap singles, such as \"She Got It\" by 2 Pistols, \"Go Girl\" by Ciara, \"The Boss\" by Rick Ross, \"Cash Flow\" by Ace Hood, \"Shawty Get Loose\" by Lil Mama, \"One More Drink\" by Ludacris, and \"Go Hard\" by DJ Khaled with Kanye West. T-Pain and Ludacris collaborated to perform \"Chopped 'N' Skrewed\" and \"One More Drink\"","title":"T-Pain"},{"id":"10107822","text":"June 13, 2007 as the Bonus Video. It features T-Pain dancing in front of a bar and flirting with the \"Bartender\". BET's \"Access Granted\" also premiered the video on June 13, 2007. The video was directed by Erik White. The video was filmed on the Fever Nightclub - Atlanta, GA. Located on 1789 Cheshire Bridge Rd NE There are remixes featuring The-Dream, Chingy and Trae. Bartender (T-Pain song) \"Bartender\" is an R&B/hip-hop song by T-Pain, Co-written by Ali Noordin and the official second single from his second album, \"Epiphany\". The song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on the","title":"Bartender (T-Pain song)"},{"id":"903301","text":"She Bop \"She Bop\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper, released as the third single from her debut studio album \"She's So Unusual\". It reached number three on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\" Hot 100\" chart in September 1984. Worldwide, the song is her most commercially successful single after \"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\" and \"Time After Time\", and reached number 46 on the \"UK Singles Chart\" and number 6 on the \"ARIA Singles Chart\". \"She Bop\" was her third consecutive Top 5 on the \"Hot 100\". The song is also featured in the film \"Never Been Kissed.\" The","title":"She Bop"},{"id":"15394807","text":"off. Lyrically, Minaj delivers explicit phrases talking about winning over her competition. \"Did It On'em\" reached number forty-nine on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and reached #3 on the US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #4 on US Rap Songs charts. A music video was released for the track, featuring Minaj behind-the-scenes and performing on the I Am Still Music Tour. T-Pain and Lil Wayne's collaboration album, \"T-Wayne\", released on May 18th, 2017, uses this beat on the song \"Breathe\". \"Did It On'em\" is a hardcore hip hop and post-dubstep song that has instrumentally been described as having a massive, ungainly beat.","title":"Did It On'em"},{"id":"15255815","text":"a car wash. Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy) \"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\" is a song by American rock band Sugar Ray. It was released in April 2003 as the lead single from their album, \"In the Pursuit of Leisure\". The song reached number 20 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 Tracks and featured hip hop artist ProHoeZak. It heavily samples the R&B group Midnight Star's 1983 single \"No Parking (On the Dance Floor),\" in addition to incorporating the main guitar riff from Sweet's 1978 hit, \"Love is Like Oxygen.\" The music video premiered in May 2003 and features the","title":"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)"},{"id":"11556261","text":"he released a duet with Susan Anton, \"Killin' Time\", which hit number 28 on the Hot 100 and went top ten on the country chart. He had later country hits with \"Memphis\" and \"I Had It All\". In 1986, Knobloch became a member of S-K-O with Paul Overstreet and Thom Schuyler. Knobloch continued to perform as a singer and songwriter into the 2000s. He and Jelly Roll Johnson released the album \"Live at the Bluebird Cafe\" in 2000. His songs have been recorded by The Everly Brothers, Faith Hill, Chely Wright, George Strait, The Wilkinsons, Trisha Yearwood, Confederate Railroad, John","title":"J. Fred Knobloch"},{"id":"13747096","text":"Ester Dean Esther Renay Dean, known professionally as Ester Dean, (born April 15, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Dean has also written songs for many artists including Christina Aguilera, Florence + The Machine, Katy Perry, Beyoncé, Drake, Selena Gomez, Nicole Scherzinger, Priyanka Chopra, Mary J. Blige, Nicki Minaj, Kelly Clarkson, Ciara, The Pussycat Dolls, Usher, Kelly Rowland, Girlicious, Keri Hilson, Rihanna, R. Kelly, Britney Spears, G.R.L., Soulja Boy Tell 'Em, Little Mix, Pia Toscano, Tinie Tempah, Lil Wayne, Machine Gun Kelly, Fifth Harmony, and Eurovision Song Contest 2012 winner Loreen. Her 2009 debut single \"Drop","title":"Ester Dean"},{"id":"20158217","text":"programmed the track and provided additional vocals with Furner, Tizzard and Preston. Clapping was provided by Furner and Preston while Tizzard played piano. Tizzard and McVey play guitar on the track. The song was performed by The Vamps on their Middle of the Night Tour, alongside Carpenter, who toured together with them as a supporting act. Recording and management Personnel Credits adapted from \"Night & Day\" and Tidal liner notes. Hands (Mike Perry song) \"Hands\" is a song by Swedish DJ Mike Perry, featuring British band The Vamps and American singer Sabrina Carpenter. It was released on 19 May 2017","title":"Hands (Mike Perry song)"},{"id":"105937","text":"the song \"Set It Off\" by Canadian rapper Kardinal Offishall (also with Pusha T); the remix debuted on DJ Skee's radio show. At the beginning of 2009, Dre produced, and made a guest vocal performance on, the single \"Crack a Bottle\" by Eminem and the single sold a record 418,000 downloads in its first week and reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on the week of February 12, 2009. Along with this single, in 2009 Dr. Dre produced or co-produced 19 of 20 tracks on Eminem's album \"Relapse\". These included other hit singles \"We Made You\", \"Old","title":"Dr. Dre"},{"id":"18042726","text":"US in November 2014, and as of January 2015, it has sold 1,118,000 downloads. In Canada, the song was also certified Platinum, indicating digital downloads in excess of 80,000 units. Bartender (Lady Antebellum song) \"Bartender\" is a song written and recorded by American country music trio Lady Antebellum. Written by group members Dave Haywood, Charles Kelley, and Hillary Scott along with Rodney Clawson, and co-produced with Nathan Chapman, the song was released to country radio by Capitol Nashville on May 12, 2014, as the lead single from the group's sixth studio album, \"747\". It was released to iTunes the following","title":"Bartender (Lady Antebellum song)"},{"id":"6202108","text":"fan base. McCann left at the end of that first year, and MacLeod brought in Darby Mills to provide lead vocals. They released their debut album \"Turn It Loud\" in 1982, which quickly went platinum and topped the charts for six weeks, with the hit single \"Don't It Make Ya Feel\". Their second release, \"Line of Fire\", was another multi-platinum success, and included the hits \"Just One More Time\" and \"Feel It (Feel My Body)\", resulting in the band touring Europe with Whitesnake at the beginning of 1984. Mills received much attention and won accolades with fans polls voting her","title":"Headpins"},{"id":"6697108","text":"co-written by a then-unknown Joe Diffie, who also sang backing vocals on it. She also sang on Kenny Rogers' late 1990 hit \"Maybe\", from his album \"Something Inside So Strong\". Dunn's second Warner Bros. album, \"Heart Full of Love\", was released in 1990. Although its lead single \"My Anniversary for Being a Fool\" failed to make the top 40, the followup \"You Really Had Me Going\" became her second and final number-one hit, while the title track was a top-20 hit. In 1991, Dunn released her first greatest hits package, \"\". It included the new release \"Maybe I Mean Yes\",","title":"Holly Dunn"},{"id":"17205406","text":"Tapout (song) \"Tapout\" is a song by American hip hop group Rich Gang featuring rappers Lil Wayne, Birdman, Mack Maine, Nicki Minaj and Future. The song was the first single off of the YMCMB compilation album, \"Rich Gang\". The song is produced by Southside & TM88 and is co-produced by Detail. It also features uncredited vocals from its co-producer, Noel \"Detail\" Fisher. The song was premiered on March 12, 2013, and was available for digital download on March 19. The song has since peaked at #44 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Birdman confirmed the release of the song on March","title":"Tapout (song)"},{"id":"16387685","text":"Pluto (Future album) Pluto is the debut studio album by American rapper Future. It was released on April 13, 2012, by A1 Recordings, Epic Records and Freebandz. The album features guest appearances from Drake, R. Kelly, T.I., Trae tha Truth and Snoop Dogg, with the production, which was handled by Will-A-Fool, Sonny Digital and K.E. on the Track, among others. \"Pluto\" was supported by five singles: \"Tony Montana\", \"Go Harder\", \"Magic (Remix)\", \"Same Damn Time\" and \"Turn On the Lights\". The album received generally positive reviews from critics, debuting at number eight on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 41,000 copies","title":"Pluto (Future album)"},{"id":"2153662","text":"from Compass Point Studios. In 1978, he released \"Double Fun\", a collection of Caribbean-influenced rock, including a cover of \"You Really Got Me\". The album reached the Top 50 on the US \"Billboard\" chart and scored a Top 20 single with the Andy Fraser–penned \"Every Kinda People\". The song has been covered by other artists including Chaka Demus and Pliers, Randy Crawford and Amy Grant. It reached number 16 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Palmer's next album was an artistic departure, concentrating on pure rock. 1979's \"Secrets\" produced his second Top 20 single with Moon Martin's \"Bad Case of Loving","title":"Robert Palmer (singer)"},{"id":"8013520","text":"Luka (song) \"Luka\" is a song written and recorded by Suzanne Vega, released as a single in 1987. It remains her highest-charting hit in the United States, reaching No. 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Worldwide, the song charted the highest in Sweden—where it peaked at No. 2—and reached the top 10 in Austria, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. \"Luka\" earned Vega nominations at the 1988 Grammy Awards, including Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Vega also recorded a Spanish-language version of the song, included on the single release. The song","title":"Luka (song)"},{"id":"6542017","text":"Norway. The single is Milian's most successful to date, reaching number five on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart as well as the top five in the United Kingdom and the top ten in the Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Norway. Milian also performed and promoted the song for a Tommy Hilfiger Jeans commercial. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2005, and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in early January 2005. It remains Milian's biggest hit single in the USA to date, and her only one to","title":"Dip It Low"},{"id":"18547216","text":"I'm Into You, Papi, Dance Again, Goin' In, Live It Up, First Love and Booty. 5 out of the 16 songs features Pitbull. American singer and songwriter Donna Summer achieved 14 number-one songs on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Dance Club Songs chart between 1976 and 2010 before dying in May 2012, and ranked sixth among the top 100 Dance Club Songs artists overall. Summer gained her sixteenth number-one posthumously in 2018 with \"Hot Stuff 2018\". Summer's first two chart-toppers (\"Love to Love You Baby\" and \"Try Me, I Know We Can Make It\") occurred in 1975-1976, when \"Billboard\" published multiple dance","title":"Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart"},{"id":"10893293","text":"albums and several hit singles followed, including \"Livin' It Up (Friday Night)\", which hit No. 7 on the \"Billboard\" R&B singles chart and No. 15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1979. It sold over one million copies in the U.S., plus the same track reached No. 59 in the UK Singles Chart. Bell and James Bell and James were an American soul group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania formed by Leroy Bell on (drums, guitar) and Casey James (guitar, bass, keyboards). Both LeRoy Bell and Casey James had played in Special Blend before beginning to write songs together. Bell's uncle Thom","title":"Bell and James"},{"id":"16800108","text":"Mike Will Made It Michael Len Williams II (born March 23, 1989), known professionally as Mike Will Made It (often stylized as Mike WiLL Made-It) or simply Mike Will, is an American record producer, DJ, rapper, and songwriter. He is best known for producing trap beats for several Southern hip hop artists as well as for producing several singles, such as \"Black Beatles\" and \"Powerglide\" by Rae Sremmurd, \"Mercy\" by GOOD Music, \"No Lie\" by 2 Chainz, \"Bandz a Make Her Dance\" by Juicy J, \"Pour It Up\" by Rihanna, \"Love Me\" by Lil Wayne, \"Body Party\" by Ciara, \"We","title":"Mike Will Made It"},{"id":"20977777","text":"Good Form (song) \"Good Form\" is a song by American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj. The original mix debuted on the US \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 singles chart at number nine following the release of her fourth studio album, \"Queen\", on August 10, 2018. A remix to the song featuring American rapper Lil Wayne was released on November 29, 2018, as the fourth single from the album, where it reached number 60 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It was written by Minaj, Michael Williams II, and Asheton Hogan; and was produced by Mike Will Made It and Plush. \"Good","title":"Good Form (song)"},{"id":"5412468","text":"the US and UK, her last major American chart success. The album also includes Turner's version of The Trammps' disco classic \"Disco Inferno\", a song she had often performed live in concert during the late 1970s, but which she had never previously recorded in studio. Two tracks from her 1984 breakthrough solo album \"Private Dancer\" are included as well, the title track to the movie and \"I Might Have Been Queen\". The album hit #1 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified platinum in various countries including the US, the UK, Switzerland and New Zealand. The US version of","title":"What's Love Got to Do with It (album)"},{"id":"10928192","text":"list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list Vol. 4 Track list: Track list: Track list: Luis Vargas (musician) Luis Rafael Valdez Vargas (born ) is a Dominican singer and songwriter. He became involved in popular music after meeting a local musician who taught him how to","title":"Luis Vargas (musician)"},{"id":"4580981","text":"the album peaked at number 21, selling a total of 63,708 copies, and achieving Silver certification by the British Phonographic Industry. The album received a Grammy Award nomination for \"Best Contemporary R&B Album\" in 2005. To promote her album, Milian performed as an opening act on the Usher and Kanye West tour. The album's first single, \"Dip It Low\", became Milian's biggest hit to date, reaching number two in the UK and number five in the US. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA for digital sales, and earned a Grammy Award nomination for \"Best Rap/Sung Collaboration\". The album's","title":"It's About Time (Christina Milian album)"},{"id":"15594748","text":"produced by Pop Wansel. The song peaked at number 32 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Dance (Ass)\" was sent to urban radio as the album's third single on September 20, 2011. The song was produced by Da Internz. The remix to , featuring Nicki Minaj, was sent to urban radio on October 18, 2011. The album's first promotional single, \"I Do It\", was released via digital download on May 10, 2011. No I.D. also produced the track, alongside The Legendary Traxster. The song peaked at number 92 on the US \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop chart. The album's second promotional single,","title":"Finally Famous (Big Sean album)"},{"id":"20500210","text":"Stir Fry (song) \"Stir Fry\" is a song recorded by American hip hop group Migos. It was released on December 20, 2017, as the second single from Migos' third studio album \"Culture II\" (2018). It was written by Quavious Marshall, Kirsnick Ball, Kiari Cephus and Pharrell Williams and produced by the latter. It peaked at number eight on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Stir Fry\" is unusual compared to Migos' traditional Atlanta-style trap sound. In an interview with Beats 1's Ebro Darden, the group revealed the instrumental for the song was originally intended for an unreleased T.I. song in 2008. Quavo","title":"Stir Fry (song)"},{"id":"18547226","text":"(Bad Boy)\" (with Akon & Luciana) (2013), \"Take Me Away\" (with Rokelle) (2014), \"Aftermath (Here We Go)\" (with Erasure singer Andy Bell) (2014), \"Hustlin'\" (with Vassy and Crazibiza) (2014), \"Im Gonna Get You\" (featuring Jessica Sutta) (2015), \"You Have to Believe\" (featuring Olivia Newton-John and Chloe Lattanzi) (2015), and \"True Original,\" (featuring Andy Bell) (2016) In an interview with \"Billboard\", Audé quoted, \"I'm thrilled to have hit No. 1 for the 14th time (with \"Yeah Yeah 2017\"). I'm honored that my original songwriting and production have resonated as strongly as my remixes and am grateful to all of the DJs","title":"Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart"},{"id":"11488875","text":"from the \"Hannah Montana Forever\" soundtrack. She also co-wrote Lee Brice's 2012 single \"I Drive Your Truck\", and Blake Shelton's \"Drink on It\" and \"Mine Would Be You\". Jessi Alexander Jessica Leigh Alexander (born November 18, 1976 in Jackson, Tennessee) is an American country music artist. She has had her songs recorded by Patty Loveless, Trisha Yearwood and Little Big Town. She also launched her own recording career in 2004. Two of her songs charted on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart, and Columbia Records released her debut album, \"Honeysuckle Sweet\", on March 1, 2005. In 2006, she was dropped from","title":"Jessi Alexander"},{"id":"3059594","text":"Lipps Inc. Lipps Inc. ( ) was an American disco and funk group from Minneapolis, Minnesota. The group was best known for the chart-topping 1980 worldwide hit single \"Funkytown\" which hit No. 1 in 28 different countries around the world and was certified as double-platinum in sales. The group originally consisted of lead vocalist Cynthia Johnson and a changing lineup of session musicians including guitarist David Rivkin, guitarist Tom Riopelle and bassist Terry Grant. Steven Greenberg, the creator of the act, wrote and produced most of the group's music. Lipps Inc.'s first release was a 1979 single, \"Rock It\", on","title":"Lipps Inc."},{"id":"5375747","text":"Time\", and a song written by a teenage Howard Stern, \"Psychedelic Bee\". \"Mr. Bartender\" is the only hit single absent from the album. The international edition of the album substitutes a cover of Joe Walsh's \"Life's Been Good\" for \"Time after Time\". The Best of Sugar Ray The Best of Sugar Ray is a 2005 Sugar Ray greatest hits album, released by Warner Bros. Records, consisting of 12 previous hits and 3 new recordings. Tracks 1, 9, and 14 are new tracks. Tracks 7 and 10 are from \"Lemonade and Brownies\", Tracks 3 and 12 are from \"Floored\", Tracks 4,","title":"The Best of Sugar Ray"},{"id":"2746748","text":"Man' also recorded the song. \"Dancing Queen\" was released on 13 July 2018 alongside the \"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again\" soundtrack, by Capitol and Polydor Records. It was released on 21 July 2018 as the fourth single from the soundtrack. The song is performed by Pierce Brosnan, Christine Baranski, Julie Walters, Colin Firth, Stellan Skarsgård, Dominic Cooper and Amanda Seyfried and it was produced by Benny Andersson. Dancing Queen \"Dancing Queen\" is a Europop song by the Swedish group ABBA, and the lead single from their fourth studio album, \"Arrival\". It was written by Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus and","title":"Dancing Queen"},{"id":"18168713","text":"747 (album) 747 is the sixth studio album by American country music group Lady Antebellum. It was released on September 30, 2014, by Capitol Nashville. The lead single \"Bartender\" was released in May 2014 and reached number 1 on the US Country Airplay chart in early September 2014. It has spawned three further singles: \"Freestyle\", \"Lie with Me\", and \"Long Stretch of Love\". The album debuted at No. 2 on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums (behind Blake Shelton's \"Bringing Back the Sunshine\") and also entered the top 10 on all-genre album charts in Australia, Canada,","title":"747 (album)"},{"id":"9134659","text":"The album's second single, \"Bartender\" was released on June 5, 2007. The song features guest vocals from musician and his then label-mate Akon, with T-Pain, who also produced this track. The song peaked at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Epiphany\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who drew comparisons to fellow R&B singer R. Kelly. Gentry Boeckel of \"PopMatters\" credited T-Pain on his production and use of various characters on the songs he wrote. He also said that his career will last more than other past R&B artists like Case, Joe and Tyrese concluding with, \"T-Pain","title":"Epiphany (T-Pain album)"},{"id":"18042725","text":"banjo at the end, make this tune too much fun to be a downer.\" \"Bartender\" debuted at No. 43 on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart for the week ending May 31, 2014, soon reaching the top spot. It also debuted at No. 40 on \"Billboard\" Adult Pop Songs in November, their first song to manage crossing over to adult contemporary radio since \"Just a Kiss\" and reaching No. 25 to date. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on September 11, 2014 and was certified Platinum on September 23, 2014. The song reached its millionth sales mark in the","title":"Bartender (Lady Antebellum song)"},{"id":"16329870","text":"Expression (song) \"Expression\" is the lead single released from Salt-n-Pepa's third album, \"Blacks' Magic\". The song was both written and produced by member Cheryl \"Salt\" James. The song became the group's second single to reach the top 40 in the US, peaking at number 28 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 while also topping the Hot Rap Singles chart at number one, becoming their first song to do so. The single was certified gold by the RIAA on February 28, 1990 before reaching platinum status less than three months later on May 25. The music video is notable for marking the","title":"Expression (song)"},{"id":"18707471","text":"Will Made It's \"Drinks on Us\", which also featured artists Future and The Weeknd, and became his first single as solo artist. In September 2015, he was featured on Wiz Khalifa's \"Burn Slow\", which peaked at number 83 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it Lee's first solo entry on the chart. In April 2017, Lee was featured on French Montana's \"Unforgettable\". The song peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it Lee's first top ten single on the chart as a solo artist. In December 2017, Brown released a song titled \"TR666\" alongside Trippie Redd. On","title":"Swae Lee"},{"id":"3239868","text":"debut album, Miller put out his second studio album, \"Game Time\". It peaked at No. 33 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and No. 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums selling close to 80,000 copies the first week . It spawned the billboard charting single \"2-Way\" that charted to No. 66 Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. It also spawned the album second single \"True Love\" which charted at No. 16 under the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. Though not as successful on the charts as Miller's debut album it was successful in sales for selling 2,500,000 copies in the United States. In 2004, Miller released his","title":"Romeo Miller"},{"id":"20116918","text":"10. The song became a hit. Subsequently, Ms. Toi was signed to Universal Records. Her debut album, \"That Girl\", was released a year later. It features multiple West Coast rappers, including E-40 and MC Ren, along with others like Nelly and producer Dame Grease. Ms. Toi Toikeon Parham, known professionally as Ms. Toi, is an American rapper. She is featured on the Ice Cube song \"You Can Do It\" with Mack 10. Released on the soundtrack albums for the feature films \"Next Friday\" and \"Save the Last Dance\", \"You Can Do It\" became a major club hit in 2000, and","title":"Ms. Toi"},{"id":"10389913","text":"Duke Jupiter Duke Jupiter is an American rock band which originated in Rochester, New York. They were active in the 1970s and 1980s on Mercury Records, CBS Records, and the Motown subsidiary Morocco Records and Powerglide Records. They are best known for their hit single \"I'll Drink to You\". After the release of their first album \"Sweet Cheeks\" in 1978, Duke started touring with national acts, including, ZZ Top, Stevie Ray Vaughan, David Bowie, Bob Seger, Robert Palmer, B. B. King, Toto, Sea Level, Huey Lewis and the News, REO Speedwagon, Foreigner, Blue Öyster Cult, The Charlie Daniels Band, Outlaws","title":"Duke Jupiter"},{"id":"20381429","text":"in the top ten. Notes Sample credits I Still Am I Still Am is the ninth studio album by American rapper Yo Gotti. It was released on October 27, 2017, by Epic Records, Roc Nation and Collective Music Group. The album features guest appearances from Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, YFN Lucci and Meek Mill, French Montana and 21 Savage. I Still Am serves as a sequel to Gotti's \"I Am\" (2013). It was supported by two singles – \"Rake It Up\" and \"Juice\". The album debuted at number six on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart. On October 10, 2017, Yo","title":"I Still Am"},{"id":"20977781","text":"adapted from \"Queen\" album liner notes and Tidal. Recording Personnel Original mix Remix Good Form (song) \"Good Form\" is a song by American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj. The original mix debuted on the US \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 singles chart at number nine following the release of her fourth studio album, \"Queen\", on August 10, 2018. A remix to the song featuring American rapper Lil Wayne was released on November 29, 2018, as the fourth single from the album, where it reached number 60 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It was written by Minaj, Michael Williams II, and","title":"Good Form (song)"},{"id":"6122955","text":"without bail but was released three hours later. | rowspan=\"4\"| 2008 T-Pain Faheem Rashad Najm (born September 30, 1985), better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. His debut album, \"Rappa Ternt Sanga\", was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album \"Epiphany\", which reached number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart. His third album, \"Thr33 Ringz\", was released in 2008. T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles, including \"I'm Sprung\", \"I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)\", \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\", \"Bartender\", \"Can't Believe It\",","title":"T-Pain"},{"id":"14145202","text":"You Are\", Katy Perry's \"Firework\", Lady Gaga's \"Born This Way\", Adele's \"Rolling in the Deep\", Rihanna's \"Diamonds\", Taylor Swift's \"Shake It Off\", Justin Bieber's \"Sorry\" and Ed Sheeran's \"Shape of You\". Ariana Grande and English-Irish pop boyband One Direction are some of the other acts that dominated the pop charts in the US this decade. Also from this decade are critically acclaimed works from Beyonce, Kendrick Lamar and Kanye West among others. New pop artists that emerged in that decade were Halsey, Alessia Cara, Shawn Mendes, Charlie Puth, Meghan Trainor, and Camilla Cabello. Rihanna has earned the most #1 singles","title":"2010s in music"},{"id":"19644134","text":"Major Lazer revealed their fourth album would be called \"Music Is the Weapon\". A number of Major Lazer's singles released since the album's announcement have been reported to be on the album by journalists. \"Cold Water\" was released on July 22, 2016, featuring Justin Bieber and frequent Major Lazer collaborator MØ. The song received widespread airplay and made it a number one hit on the UK Singles Chart. Following the success of the song, leaked collaborations with singers Sia and Bonnie McKee were announced, as well as teasing collaborations with former Fifth Harmony girl band member Camila Cabello and alternative","title":"Music Is the Weapon"},{"id":"4789307","text":"Joe Budden Joseph Anthony Budden II (born August 31, 1980) is an American broadcaster, former rapper, and songwriter. Budden's eponymous debut studio album was released in 2003 and debuted at number 8 on the Billboard 200, selling 95,000 copies within its first week. The album featured the hit single \"Pump It Up\", Budden's most commercially successful solo single. He was formerly signed to major record label Def Jam, but left the label in 2007 and is currently signed to Empire Distribution. After separating from Def Jam, he began recording and releasing solo mixtapes and albums on independent labels. In 2013,","title":"Joe Budden"},{"id":"7191656","text":"Ignition (Remix) \"Ignition (Remix)\" is a song written and produced by American R&B singer R. Kelly. It was released in 2002 as the lead single from his sixth studio album \"Chocolate Factory\" (2003). It is viewed as one of his most well-known songs and has been popular in the United States, Europe and Oceania. \"Ignition (Remix)\" peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for five consecutive weeks behind 50 Cent's \"In Da Club\". Outside the United States, the song topped the charts in Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. It was later included","title":"Ignition (Remix)"},{"id":"18917044","text":"song charted at number 86 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. In June 2015, MGK released the single's sequel through WorldStarHipHop, featuring guest appearances from the Cleveland-based hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, fellow rapper and Bad Boy artist French Montana, and rappers Yo Gotti and Real Kid, along with the accompanying music video. The album's second single, called \"A Little More\" was released on March 30, 2015, through the same channels, with the accompanying music video releasing on May 18, 2015. The song features a guest appearance by American singer-songwriter","title":"General Admission (Machine Gun Kelly album)"},{"id":"1769816","text":"bonus tracks, \"Don't Ask Me\" and \"You Got the Fever\" the respective b-sides of the singles \"One More Time\" and \"Is She Really Going Out with Him?\" originally released in May and July 1979. In addition to the standard 12-inch vinyl release, the record was also released in a special package on two 10-inch discs that also included a \"Look Sharp!\" badge. All songs written and arranged by Joe Jackson. Produced by David Kershenbaum. Album Look Sharp! (Joe Jackson album) Look Sharp! is the debut album by Joe Jackson, released in 1979. The album featured one of Jackson's most famous","title":"Look Sharp! (Joe Jackson album)"},{"id":"4276013","text":"card represents the life of the rogue espionage agent. A music video was also made to support the second single released from the album, \"The Devil Made Me Do It.\" However, the song and video saw limited airplay in the United States, because its lyrics contain the word \"bullshit.\" All songs written by Hay and Kooymans except where noted. Album - \"Billboard\" (United States) Singles - \"Billboard\" (United States) Cut (Golden Earring album) Cut is an album by Dutch hard rock band Golden Earring, released in 1982 (see 1982 in music). The album spawned the hit song \"Twilight Zone,\" which","title":"Cut (Golden Earring album)"},{"id":"8060457","text":"vocals by Jean Terrell except where noted. Touch (The Supremes album) Touch is the twenty-third studio album by The Supremes, released in the summer of 1971 on the Motown label. It was the third and final LP under the supervision of Frank Wilson, who had been the group's main producer since 1970, when Jean Terrell joined as lead singer. The album also marked the first Motown contributions by composer-producer Leonard Caston, Jr. and writer-lyricist Kathleen Wakefield: \"Nathan Jones\", a hit single sung by all three members, which was later recorded by Bananarama, and \"Love It Came to Me This Time\".","title":"Touch (The Supremes album)"},{"id":"3739384","text":"the piano which formed the basis of the song 'You Really Got Me' and I played the riff on my guitar with my new sound. I alone created this sound.\" According to recent Kinks' releases that give full official performance credits of the track, group members Ray Davies (vocals and rhythm guitar), Dave Davies (lead guitar), Pete Quaife (bass) are joined by session men Bobby Graham (drums), and Arthur Greenslade (piano). Regular Kinks drummer Mick Avory plays the tambourine. The guitar solo on the recording has been the subject of the persistent myth that it was not played by the","title":"You Really Got Me"},{"id":"11128924","text":"confirmed as \"747\", and the track listing was confirmed. Chapman produced this album as well. \"Bartender\" became the group's ninth number 1 hit on the Country Airplay charts in 2014, with \"Freestyle\" as the second single. The third single \"Long Stretch of Love was released on February 7, 2015, in the UK and on March 23, to country radio in the US. They sang two songs, \"I Did With You\" and \"Falling For You\", for the 2014 film The Best of Me. In October 2015, while appearing on \"Good Morning America\", the group announced that they would be taking some","title":"Lady Antebellum"},{"id":"12825478","text":"songs \"Harajuku Girls\", \"Don't Get It Twisted\", \"Now That You Got It\", and \"Bubble Pop Electric\", and the aforementioned song. The medley contained J-pop and disco elements, and served as a \"virtual sonic tour of Stefani's many stylistic identities\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Sweet Escape\", Interscope Records. Yummy (Gwen Stefani song) \"Yummy\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani, featuring American musician Pharrell Williams, from her second solo studio album, \"The Sweet Escape\" (2006). The track was released on November 11, 2006 as a promotional single for the parent album's release through","title":"Yummy (Gwen Stefani song)"},{"id":"6490101","text":"at number 17 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart. The second single \"Magic Stick\", featured 50 Cent, peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The singles \"Magic Stick\" and \"Came Back for You\" earned Kim Grammy Award nominations for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group and Best Female Rap Solo Performance, respectively. In late 2001, Lil' Kim left Junior M.A.F.I.A. and severed ties with all members. She also ended her friendship and business relationship with longtime collaborator Sean \"Diddy\" Combs. Recording sessions for \"La Bella Mafia\" began","title":"La Bella Mafia"},{"id":"16900359","text":"Camila Cabello Karla Camila Cabello Estrabao (; ; born March 3, 1997) is a Cuban-American singer and songwriter. She rose to prominence as a member of the girl group Fifth Harmony, which was formed on the second season of the American edition of \"The X Factor\" in 2012, and thereafter signed a joint record deal with Syco Music and Epic Records. While a part of Fifth Harmony, Cabello began to establish herself as a solo artist with the release of several collaborations, including \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" with Shawn Mendes and \"Bad Things\" with Machine Gun Kelly,","title":"Camila Cabello"},{"id":"4175314","text":"October 25, 2005 they released their second mixtape, called \"La Conexion\". The mixtape was influenced by Latin music. The album contained single \"Ladies Night\" (released April 17, 2006 and featuring Ivy Queen) released with songs \"Loving You\" and \"Your Time\". It also contained Kassanova remix of their single \"Turnin' Me On.\" The album features a lot of singers: Pitbull, N.O.R.E., Notch, Richie Rivera, Mackie, and Yaga. It also included Tony Touch's hit Play That Song featuring Nina Sky and B-Real, released one month before mixtape's release. In August 2006, Nina Sky were first featured on the cover of the publication","title":"Nina Sky"},{"id":"3093128","text":"singles on the album: \"I Knew You Were Trouble\" (2012), which peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and also \"22\" (2013). Martin produced and co-wrote the first three singles on Swift's fifth studio album \"1989\" (2014): \"Shake It Off\" (2014), \"Blank Space\" (2014), and \"Style\" (2015). \"Shake It Off\" and \"Blank Space\" hit number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, with the former debuting at the top spot; \"Style\" peaked at number 6. Martin was both a co-writer and co-producer for Swift's \"Bad Blood\" which in a remixed form reached number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100","title":"Max Martin"},{"id":"12882419","text":"released to online music stores on February 10, 2009. The single was released online one week after his single \"Crack a Bottle\" with Eminem and Dr. Dre. Aftermath Entertainment collaborator Dawaun Parker has stated that he is also featured on the song. After the week of the song's release, the single debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at #64, since then it has peaked at #43. On the Hot Rap Tracks it peaked at #16. On the \"Billboard\" Rhythmic Top 40 it peaked at #33. On the \"Billboard\" Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop chart it peaked at #29. After its iTunes release","title":"I Get It In (50 Cent song)"},{"id":"1684038","text":"Paris (rapper) Oscar Jackson, Jr. (born October 29, 1967), better known by his stage name Paris, is an American rapper from San Francisco, California, known for his highly charged political and socially conscious lyrics. Influenced by the Black Panthers, he was once a member of the Nation of Islam. Paris became known in the US in 1990 with his hit single \"The Devil Made Me Do It\" and album of the same name, after earning a bachelor's degree in economics from UC Davis. Originally released on Tommy Boy Records, his first single was banned by MTV. When his second album,","title":"Paris (rapper)"},{"id":"15459012","text":"four on the US \"Billboard 200\" chart; it was later confirmed to have sold more than 178,000 copies. In early 2015, he released the singles \"Till I Die\" and \"A Little More\" for his second studio album, \"General Admission\", which released in October 2015, and debuted at number four in the US. The album incorporated darker tones, rap rock, R&B, and storytelling. His third studio album, \"Bloom\", was released on May 12, 2017, preceded by \"Bad Things\" with Camila Cabello, peaking at number 4 on the \"Billboard Hot 100\", his highest charting single. MGK is also an actor, having made","title":"Machine Gun Kelly (rapper)"},{"id":"7963553","text":"and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards. Her fourth album, \"Red\" (2012), yielded the successful singles \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" and \"I Knew You Were Trouble\". For her fifth album, the pop-focused \"1989\" (2014), she received three Grammys, and became the first woman and fifth act overall to win Album of the Year twice. Its singles \"Shake It Off\", \"Blank Space\", and \"Bad Blood\" reached number one in the US, Australia, and Canada. Swift's sixth album, \"Reputation\" (2017) and its lead single \"Look What You Made Me Do\" topped the UK and US charts; with the","title":"Taylor Swift"},{"id":"3739400","text":"the original, featured \"histrionic\" guitar playing by Eddie Van Halen and \"vocal shenanigans\" by David Lee Roth. The song had been played by the band live for years before its studio release. On the radio, it is often featured with \"Eruption\", the instrumental that precedes it on the album, as an intro. The song was released as a single as a result of an encounter between Eddie Van Halen and members of the band Angel. Eddie Van Halen and Angel drummer Barry Brandt had both been bragging about their new material to one another, resulting in Eddie Van Halen showing","title":"You Really Got Me"},{"id":"20381427","text":"I Still Am I Still Am is the ninth studio album by American rapper Yo Gotti. It was released on October 27, 2017, by Epic Records, Roc Nation and Collective Music Group. The album features guest appearances from Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, YFN Lucci and Meek Mill, French Montana and 21 Savage. I Still Am serves as a sequel to Gotti's \"I Am\" (2013). It was supported by two singles – \"Rake It Up\" and \"Juice\". The album debuted at number six on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart. On October 10, 2017, Yo Gotti revealed the album's title, release date,","title":"I Still Am"},{"id":"1282223","text":"Ja Rule Jeffrey Bruce Atkins (born February 29, 1976), better known by his stage name Ja Rule, is an American rapper, singer, and actor from Queens, New York. Born in Hollis, Queens, he debuted in 1999 with \"Venni Vetti Vecci\" and its single \"Holla Holla\". From 1999 to 2005, Ja Rule had multiple hits that made the top 20 of the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, including \"Between Me and You\" with Christina Milian, \"I'm Real (Murder Remix)\" and \"Ain't It Funny\" with Jennifer Lopez, which both topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, the Grammy-nominated #1 hit \"Always on Time\"","title":"Ja Rule"},{"id":"20116916","text":"Ms. Toi Toikeon Parham, known professionally as Ms. Toi, is an American rapper. She is featured on the Ice Cube song \"You Can Do It\" with Mack 10. Released on the soundtrack albums for the feature films \"Next Friday\" and \"Save the Last Dance\", \"You Can Do It\" became a major club hit in 2000, and its video received ample airplay on BET. Toikeon Parham was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her family moved to Inglewood, California, when she was 11 years old. Toi attended Inglewood High School, part of its Class of 1991. After being expelled from school, she moved","title":"Ms. Toi"},{"id":"19206642","text":"I Did It, Mama! \"I Did It, Mama!\" is a song recorded by Romanian singer-songwriter Alexandra Stan for her third studio album, \"Alesta\" (2016). Released on 27 November 2015 through Global Records as a single, the track was produced by Play & Win members Sebastian Barac and Marcel Botezan, and David Ciente. The writing process was handled by the latter three in collaboration with Stan, Eric Turner and Julimar Santos Oliveira Neponuceno. An europop, reggaeton, eurodance and dance-pop song incorporating Balcanic and ethnic influences, the record was described as resembling the lyrical message of Madonna's \"Papa Don't Preach\". \"I Did","title":"I Did It, Mama!"},{"id":"16900367","text":"24K Magic World Tour as an opening act for several of its dates, and also partnered with clothing brand Guess as the face for their 2017 Fall campaign. New writing and recording sessions for her album were influenced by the success of her single \"Havana\", which postponed its original release date. Upon its release, the single reached number one in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Hungary and the United States. It also spent seven weeks atop the US Mainstream Top 40 airplay chart. The song became Spotify's most-streamed song ever by a solo female artist in June 2018,","title":"Camila Cabello"},{"id":"4789322","text":"publicly spoken out against its use. Joe Budden Joseph Anthony Budden II (born August 31, 1980) is an American broadcaster, former rapper, and songwriter. Budden's eponymous debut studio album was released in 2003 and debuted at number 8 on the Billboard 200, selling 95,000 copies within its first week. The album featured the hit single \"Pump It Up\", Budden's most commercially successful solo single. He was formerly signed to major record label Def Jam, but left the label in 2007 and is currently signed to Empire Distribution. After separating from Def Jam, he began recording and releasing solo mixtapes and","title":"Joe Budden"},{"id":"9523833","text":"who sings \"It Sure Was Good\" with her ex, a song that nostalgically recalled the good times of a broken relationship (Ironically, the song was co-authored by George Richey, who Wynette married in the summer of 1978). The ambitious pairings with pop and rock singers may have displeased many hardcore Jones fans but one of the songs, James Taylor's \"Bartender's Blues\", had been a top ten country hit in 1978. Taylor wrote the tune with Jones in mind and sang harmony on the track. Pop star Linda Ronstadt also joins Jones on the wistful \"I've Turned You To Stone\" and","title":"My Very Special Guests"},{"id":"18860992","text":"PewDiePie. The official remix features rappers Kevin Gates and Young Thug. The best known remix of this song is \"Nasty Freestyle\" by rapper T-Wayne, which had a much better commercial performance than the original. The remix was a commercial success in the United States, peaking at number 9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and sold 715,000 copies. The song peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It also charted at #68 in Canada, making it Dro's first international single. Nasty (Bandit Gang Marco song) \"Nasty\" is a song by American rapper Bandit Gang Marco. The song was released","title":"Nasty (Bandit Gang Marco song)"},{"id":"11854756","text":"Tyga Micheal Ray Stevenson (born November 19, 1989), known by his stage name Tyga (a backronym for Thank you God always), is an American rapper. In 2011, Tyga signed a recording contract with Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records. His major label debut \"\", included the singles \"Rack City\", \"Faded\" featuring fellow Young Money artist Lil Wayne, \"Far Away\" featuring Chris Richardson, \"Still Got It\" featuring Drake, and \"Make It Nasty\". He released his third album \"Hotel California\", on April 9, 2013, and includes the singles \"Dope\" featuring Rick Ross, \"For The Road\" featuring Chris Brown, and","title":"Tyga"},{"id":"16900364","text":"a \"Billboard\" journalist noted it is \"rather uncommon for someone to stand out in a collective as much as Cabello has over the past years.\" In November 2015, Cabello collaborated with Canadian singer Shawn Mendes on a duet titled \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\", a song they wrote together. The single charted at number 20 in the US and 18 in Canada, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). On October 14, 2016, American rapper Machine Gun Kelly released a joint single with Cabello called \"Bad Things\", which reached a peak of number","title":"Camila Cabello"},{"id":"18269338","text":"Jon Bellion Jonathan David Bellion (born December 26, 1990) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer. He was born and raised in Lake Grove, New York on Long Island. He is known for his single \"All Time Low\". Bellion has released four mixtapes and two studio albums. His first, \"The Human Condition\", was released on June 10, 2016, and it debuted at number five on the US \"Billboard\" 200. He released his second studio album, \"Glory Sound Prep\", on November 9, 2018. He is currently signed to Visionary Music Group and Capitol Records. Bellion also provided vocals for","title":"Jon Bellion"},{"id":"18205293","text":"I Mean It \"I Mean It\" is a song by American rapper G-Eazy. It was released on May 13, 2014, as the fifth single from his third studio album \"These Things Happen\" (2014). It features Remo the Hitmaker, who co-wrote and co-produced the song along with G-Eazy and Christoph Andersson. It is G-Eazy's second most successful single; despite peaking at number 98 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, it was still certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA on February 8, 2018. A remix was released featuring an additional verse by Rick Ross. The video premiered on Vevo, then YouTube, on","title":"I Mean It"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"10107821\",\n \"text\": \"Bartender (T-Pain song) \\\"Bartender\\\" is an R&B/hip-hop song by T-Pain, Co-written by Ali Noordin and the official second single from his second album, \\\"Epiphany\\\". The song debuted on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart on the issue date of June 16, 2007 at #97 and peaked at #5, making the single T-Pain's 4th consecutive top 10 hit single on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 as well as Akon's 9th top 10 hit single on the same chart. In 2008 the song was nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group. The video premiered on Yahoo! Music on\",\n \"title\": \"Bartender (T-Pain song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1704518\",\n \"text\": \"contained the band's cover of Joe Jackson's famous \\\"Is She Really Going Out With Him?\\\". ProHoeZak guested live with the band in 2003 having appeared on \\\"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\\\". In 2005, Sugar Ray released a greatest hits album, with three new songs, \\\"Shot of Laughter\\\", \\\"Time After Time\\\", and \\\"Psychedelic Bee\\\". After releasing their greatest hits album – \\\"The Best of Sugar Ray\\\", in 2005, the band went into a period of relative inactivity for a number of years, with Mark McGrath starting a new job as an anchor on the television show \\\"Extra\\\". In January 2006, Sugar\",\n \"title\": \"Sugar Ray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7219454\",\n \"text\": \"In the Pursuit of Leisure In the Pursuit of Leisure is Sugar Ray's fifth studio album released in 2003. Hip-hop artists Esthero and Shaggy guest-star on the album. It features the single \\\"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\\\", a song which includes samples from both Sweet's hit \\\"Love Is Like Oxygen\\\" and Midnight Star's hit \\\"No Parking (On the Dance Floor).\\\" That track was a success and reached the #20 spot on Billboard's Adult Top 40. A cover of Joe Jackson's new wave song \\\"Is She Really Going Out With Him?\\\" was released as the second single. It had similar success\",\n \"title\": \"In the Pursuit of Leisure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9211030\",\n \"text\": \"Broke (album) Broke is the second studio album by American punk rock band Hed PE. Released on August 22, 2000, the album expanded the band's sound to incorporate classic rock and world music influences. It peaked at #63 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, and features the band's best known single, \\\"Bartender\\\", which peaked at #23 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and at #27 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, and appeared on the retrospectives \\\"The Best of Hed Planet Earth\\\" and \\\"\\\" The album sold over 250,000 copies. In contrast to the band's first album, which largely mixed hardcore\",\n \"title\": \"Broke (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5930650\",\n \"text\": \"Pain Is Love Pain Is Love is the third studio album by American rapper Ja Rule. Produced by Irv Gotti, it was released on October 2, 2001, by Murder Inc. Records, Def Jam Recordings. The album received a mixed reception from critics. \\\"Pain Is Love\\\" debuted at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and was supported by four singles: \\\"Livin' It Up\\\", \\\"I'm Real (Murder Remix)\\\", \\\"Always on Time\\\" and \\\"Down Ass Bitch\\\". It was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for selling over 3,000,000 copies. The sequel of the album, titled \\\"Pain Is Love 2\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Pain Is Love\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7190840\",\n \"text\": \"top 40 hit in the US, peaking at number 35 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, while also reaching number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Rap Singles. In December 2004, the single was re-released in the UK and peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It has sold 165,000 copies in the UK as of 2015. You Can Do It \\\"You Can Do It\\\" is a song by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released as the second single from the \\\"Next Friday\\\" soundtrack. The song features Ice Cube's Westside Connection bandmate Mack 10, as well as rapper Ms.\",\n \"title\": \"You Can Do It\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10215570\",\n \"text\": \"Doing It to Death \\\"Doing It to Death\\\", also known as \\\"Gonna Have a Funky Good Time\\\", is a funk song recorded by The J.B.'s featuring James Brown. It was released as a single in 1973 and peaked at number one on the soul singles chart and number twenty-two on the Hot 100. Although the song has a lead vocal by Brown (who also wrote the tune and the lyrics), the recording is credited to \\\"Fred Wesley & The J.B.'s\\\". It was the first J.B.'s recording to feature saxophonist Maceo Parker, who had returned to work with Brown again after\",\n \"title\": \"Doing It to Death\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18383627\",\n \"text\": \"Did It in a Minute \\\"Did It in a Minute\\\" is a song performed by American musical duo Hall & Oates. Written by member Daryl Hall with Sara and Janna Allen, the song was released as the third of four singles from their tenth studio album \\\"Private Eyes\\\" in March 1982. Daryl Hall performs lead vocals, while John Oates provides backing harmony vocals. It peaked at number nine on the United States \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, becoming one of three top ten singles from \\\"Private Eyes\\\". The song was inspired by the 1977 Eric Carmen hit, \\\"She Did It,\\\" because of\",\n \"title\": \"Did It in a Minute\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9211035\",\n \"text\": \"on the compilation \\\"The Best of Hed Planet Earth\\\", which was released without the band's authorization, permission, consent, or knowledge. \\\"Bartender\\\" and \\\"Killing Time\\\" were also included on \\\"\\\", which was compiled by the band and released by Suburban Noize Records. Broke (album) Broke is the second studio album by American punk rock band Hed PE. Released on August 22, 2000, the album expanded the band's sound to incorporate classic rock and world music influences. It peaked at #63 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, and features the band's best known single, \\\"Bartender\\\", which peaked at #23 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Mainstream Rock\",\n \"title\": \"Broke (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20043434\",\n \"text\": \"the final tracklist of \\\"Queen\\\" released the following year. When all three singles debuted on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, Minaj became the woman with the most entries on that chart at 76 songs, beating Aretha Franklin's record of 73 entries on the chart. Changed It \\\"Changed It\\\" is a song by Trinidadian-American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj and American rapper Lil Wayne. Produced by Motiv, Detail, and Sidney Swift, the song was released as a single on March 10, 2017 by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records, along with \\\"No Frauds\\\" and \\\"Regret in Your Tears\\\". On\",\n \"title\": \"Changed It\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7190839\",\n \"text\": \"You Can Do It \\\"You Can Do It\\\" is a song by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released as the second single from the \\\"Next Friday\\\" soundtrack. The song features Ice Cube's Westside Connection bandmate Mack 10, as well as rapper Ms. Toi. \\\"You Can Do It\\\" later used as the lead single on Cube's sixth studio album, \\\"War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc)\\\". The song also appears on his \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" and \\\"In the Movies\\\" compilations. It would also appear on the double platinum \\\"Save the Last Dance\\\". The song became Ice Cube's sixth and final\",\n \"title\": \"You Can Do It\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11296010\",\n \"text\": \"Around with Love\\\", \\\"Do Right Woman, Do Right Man\\\", and the title track. In 1971 she partnered with country artist, David Houston for the single, \\\"After Closing Time\\\" and eventually issued the album, \\\"A Perfect Match\\\" (1972). Her 1973 single, \\\"The Midnight Oil\\\" peaked at #7 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart. The success of the single brought Columbia to issue an album of the same name that year. After releasing \\\"This Time I Almost Made It\\\" (1974), Columbia dropped Mandrell due to her limited success. Mandrell's 1975 single, \\\"Standing Room Only\\\" was released on Dot Records and reached\",\n \"title\": \"Barbara Mandrell discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18168721\",\n \"text\": \"February 28, 2015 and end in Camden, New Jersey in the United States on September 19, 2015. Hunter Hayes and Sam Hunt are the opening acts for the North American shows, with Brandy Clark, Kip Moore, Lee Brice, Troy Cassar-Daley, Kristian Bush, and Maddie & Tae opening for various international stops. \\\"Bartender\\\" was released as the album's lead single on May 19, 2014. The song reached number four on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs and also topped the Country Airplay and Canada Country charts in the fall of 2014. In October 2014, a \\\"pop mix\\\" of the song was serviced\",\n \"title\": \"747 (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19638669\",\n \"text\": \"This Time (Thomas Wayne song) \\\"This Time\\\" is a song written by Chips Moman, which was first recorded by Thomas Wayne and was released as a single on the Fernwood Records label in March 1958. On March 31, 1958, the song was released on the Mercury Records label, as the B-side of \\\"You're The One That Done It\\\". In 1961, Troy Shondell released a version of the song, which became an international hit. Shondell's version was released on the Goldcrest Records label, and was later leased to Liberty Records for distribution. Shondell's version spent 13 weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot\",\n \"title\": \"This Time (Thomas Wayne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13600001\",\n \"text\": \"Girls. The group recorded the song and made several alterations. Lil Jon's verse was omitted whilst T-Pain was replaced with US rapper Eve. The song was released in the US on April 14, 2009 as a CD Single and digital download, along with a release in Canada. The girls will be promoting the song throughout October 2009 in Canada. The song was given mainly positive reviews. Many online sites created a \\\"Who Did It Better?\\\" poll, comparing the Paradiso version to the Hilson version. The song was named MuuMuse's \\\"Summer Jam of 2009\\\". The music video, directed by Ray Kay,\",\n \"title\": \"Patron Tequila (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7539077\",\n \"text\": \"of the Canadian charts. Their debut album \\\"Turn It Loud\\\", quickly went platinum and topped the charts for six weeks. It spawned the hit single \\\"Don't It Make Ya Feel\\\". Their follow-up, \\\"Line of Fire\\\", produced the hits \\\"Celebration\\\" and \\\"Just One More Time\\\". The Headpins toured Europe and North America while opening for bands such as KISS, Whitesnake, ZZ Top and Aerosmith, among others. Mills released her debut solo LP, \\\"Never Look Back\\\", backed by the Unsung Heroes. She returned to re-form the Headpins with Bernie Aubin and Ab Bryant a year or so later, without guitarist Brian MacLeod.\",\n \"title\": \"Darby Mills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6122923\",\n \"text\": \"T-Pain Faheem Rashad Najm (born September 30, 1985), better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. His debut album, \\\"Rappa Ternt Sanga\\\", was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album \\\"Epiphany\\\", which reached number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart. His third album, \\\"Thr33 Ringz\\\", was released in 2008. T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles, including \\\"I'm Sprung\\\", \\\"I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)\\\", \\\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\\\", \\\"Bartender\\\", \\\"Can't Believe It\\\", \\\"5 O'Clock\\\" and more. T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards, alongside\",\n \"title\": \"T-Pain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15255814\",\n \"text\": \"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy) \\\"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\\\" is a song by American rock band Sugar Ray. It was released in April 2003 as the lead single from their album, \\\"In the Pursuit of Leisure\\\". The song reached number 20 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 Tracks and featured hip hop artist ProHoeZak. It heavily samples the R&B group Midnight Star's 1983 single \\\"No Parking (On the Dance Floor),\\\" in addition to incorporating the main guitar riff from Sweet's 1978 hit, \\\"Love is Like Oxygen.\\\" The music video premiered in May 2003 and features the band working at\",\n \"title\": \"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11128923\",\n \"text\": \"Store on October 1, 2013 and reached number one on the Country Airplay chart in March 2014. It is one of the new recordings featured on the deluxe edition re-issue of \\\"Golden\\\", which was released on November 12, 2013. Unlike all of their previous releases, it was produced by Nathan Chapman. They also sang backing vocals on Darius Rucker's 2013 single \\\"Wagon Wheel\\\". \\\"Bartender\\\" was released to country radio on May 12, 2014, as the lead single for the group's sixth studio album, and was made available to digital retailers on May 19. In July 2014, the album's title was\",\n \"title\": \"Lady Antebellum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9211032\",\n \"text\": \"to pay back the losses owed to the label to recoup the commercial failure of the band's 1997 self-titled debut album. The album features guest appearances in recognition of Hed PE's hardcore punk and heavy metal influences, including Dead Kennedys guitarist East Bay Ray, who performs on the song \\\"Waiting to Die\\\", and singers Serj Tankian of System of a Down and Morgan Lander of Kittie, who appear on the song \\\"Feel Good\\\". The album peaked at #63 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, while its first single, \\\"Bartender\\\", peaked at #23 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and at #27\",\n \"title\": \"Broke (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18042721\",\n \"text\": \"Bartender (Lady Antebellum song) \\\"Bartender\\\" is a song written and recorded by American country music trio Lady Antebellum. Written by group members Dave Haywood, Charles Kelley, and Hillary Scott along with Rodney Clawson, and co-produced with Nathan Chapman, the song was released to country radio by Capitol Nashville on May 12, 2014, as the lead single from the group's sixth studio album, \\\"747\\\". It was released to iTunes the following week, on May 19, 2014. In its first week at radio, \\\"Bartender\\\" was the second most-added song of the week (with 72), behind \\\"Small Town Throwdown\\\" by Brantley Gilbert featuring\",\n \"title\": \"Bartender (Lady Antebellum song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15886126\",\n \"text\": \"was announced that the album's release date had been pushed back from 18 October to 31 October, though it was released in Europe on iTunes on 28 October. The first singles of the album are \\\"If You Really, Really Love Me\\\" in the United Kingdom and \\\"17 Girls In A Row\\\" in the United States. Guest appearances on the album are made by Dane Cook on \\\"In the Future\\\" and by Chad Kroeger and Nuno Bettencourt on \\\"It Won't Suck Itself\\\". The album debuted at #41 in Canada, and debuted at #40 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart with first-week sales\",\n \"title\": \"Balls Out\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20937653\",\n \"text\": \"Lil Pump Gazzy Garcia (born August 17, 2000), known professionally as Lil Pump, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is best known for his 2017 song \\\"Gucci Gang\\\", which peaked at number three on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, and is certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. His other songs include \\\"I Love It\\\" (with Kanye West), \\\"Boss\\\", \\\"Esskeetit\\\", and \\\"Drug Addicts\\\". He released his debut studio album, \\\"Lil Pump\\\", on October 6, 2017. Gazzy Garcia was born August 17, 2000 in Miami, Florida. In a 2018 interview with J. Cole, he stated that\",\n \"title\": \"Lil Pump\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6051364\",\n \"text\": \"went on the road in the fall of 1977 opening for Gino Vannelli, then Boz Scaggs. They began to develop a distinctive, edgy and melodic rock style. Their biggest hit, \\\"Baby Come Back\\\", released in late 1977, rose to No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 in January 1978 and was a chart success in other countries. Their follow up single, \\\"This Time I'm in It for Love\\\", also peaked at No. 10 the same year. Among several notable accolades, Player was named \\\"Billboard\\\"\\\"\\\"'s Best New Singles Artist of 1978. Eric Clapton invited them to open for him during his\",\n \"title\": \"Player (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18370496\",\n \"text\": \"Gold Record by the RIAA on August 26, 2016, certifying sales of over 500,000 copies. The single reached the No. 9 position of Billboard's Hot Rock Chart and reached No. 90 on the Billboard Hot 100 Credits are adapted from album liner notes. Blank Space \\\"Blank Space\\\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fifth studio album \\\"1989\\\" (2014). It was written by Swift, Max Martin and Shellback. The song was released to the radio by Republic Records on November 10, 2014 as the album's second single, after \\\"Shake It Off\\\" and is the second track\",\n \"title\": \"Blank Space\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12181258\",\n \"text\": \"co-founded Safehouse Records, a record label in conjunction with Island Records and Hollywood Records. His sophomore solo album Last Year Was Complicated was released in 2016 and debuted as the #1 selling album of the week. Following the release, Jonas won the Songwriters Hall of Fame's Hal David Starlight Award in 2016. The project became his highest peaking entry as a solo artist on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, while the lead single was a top twenty hit on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. In 2017, Jonas appeared in the blockbuster hit \\\"\\\" alongside Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black and Kevin Hart which was\",\n \"title\": \"Nick Jonas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6122933\",\n \"text\": \"on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Guest appearances on \\\"Thr33 Ringz\\\" included T.I., Lil Wayne, Ludacris, DJ Khaled, Ciara, Chris Brown and Kanye West among others. \\\"Pr33 Ringz\\\" was the introduction mixtape for the album. In 2008, T-Pain continued to appear on numerous rap singles, such as \\\"She Got It\\\" by 2 Pistols, \\\"Go Girl\\\" by Ciara, \\\"The Boss\\\" by Rick Ross, \\\"Cash Flow\\\" by Ace Hood, \\\"Shawty Get Loose\\\" by Lil Mama, \\\"One More Drink\\\" by Ludacris, and \\\"Go Hard\\\" by DJ Khaled with Kanye West. T-Pain and Ludacris collaborated to perform \\\"Chopped 'N' Skrewed\\\" and \\\"One More Drink\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"T-Pain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10107822\",\n \"text\": \"June 13, 2007 as the Bonus Video. It features T-Pain dancing in front of a bar and flirting with the \\\"Bartender\\\". BET's \\\"Access Granted\\\" also premiered the video on June 13, 2007. The video was directed by Erik White. The video was filmed on the Fever Nightclub - Atlanta, GA. Located on 1789 Cheshire Bridge Rd NE There are remixes featuring The-Dream, Chingy and Trae. Bartender (T-Pain song) \\\"Bartender\\\" is an R&B/hip-hop song by T-Pain, Co-written by Ali Noordin and the official second single from his second album, \\\"Epiphany\\\". The song debuted on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart on the\",\n \"title\": \"Bartender (T-Pain song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"903301\",\n \"text\": \"She Bop \\\"She Bop\\\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper, released as the third single from her debut studio album \\\"She's So Unusual\\\". It reached number three on the U.S. \\\"\\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100\\\" chart in September 1984. Worldwide, the song is her most commercially successful single after \\\"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\\\" and \\\"Time After Time\\\", and reached number 46 on the \\\"UK Singles Chart\\\" and number 6 on the \\\"ARIA Singles Chart\\\". \\\"She Bop\\\" was her third consecutive Top 5 on the \\\"Hot 100\\\". The song is also featured in the film \\\"Never Been Kissed.\\\" The\",\n \"title\": \"She Bop\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15394807\",\n \"text\": \"off. Lyrically, Minaj delivers explicit phrases talking about winning over her competition. \\\"Did It On'em\\\" reached number forty-nine on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, and reached #3 on the US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #4 on US Rap Songs charts. A music video was released for the track, featuring Minaj behind-the-scenes and performing on the I Am Still Music Tour. T-Pain and Lil Wayne's collaboration album, \\\"T-Wayne\\\", released on May 18th, 2017, uses this beat on the song \\\"Breathe\\\". \\\"Did It On'em\\\" is a hardcore hip hop and post-dubstep song that has instrumentally been described as having a massive, ungainly beat.\",\n \"title\": \"Did It On'em\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15255815\",\n \"text\": \"a car wash. Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy) \\\"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\\\" is a song by American rock band Sugar Ray. It was released in April 2003 as the lead single from their album, \\\"In the Pursuit of Leisure\\\". The song reached number 20 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 Tracks and featured hip hop artist ProHoeZak. It heavily samples the R&B group Midnight Star's 1983 single \\\"No Parking (On the Dance Floor),\\\" in addition to incorporating the main guitar riff from Sweet's 1978 hit, \\\"Love is Like Oxygen.\\\" The music video premiered in May 2003 and features the\",\n \"title\": \"Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11556261\",\n \"text\": \"he released a duet with Susan Anton, \\\"Killin' Time\\\", which hit number 28 on the Hot 100 and went top ten on the country chart. He had later country hits with \\\"Memphis\\\" and \\\"I Had It All\\\". In 1986, Knobloch became a member of S-K-O with Paul Overstreet and Thom Schuyler. Knobloch continued to perform as a singer and songwriter into the 2000s. He and Jelly Roll Johnson released the album \\\"Live at the Bluebird Cafe\\\" in 2000. His songs have been recorded by The Everly Brothers, Faith Hill, Chely Wright, George Strait, The Wilkinsons, Trisha Yearwood, Confederate Railroad, John\",\n \"title\": \"J. Fred Knobloch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13747096\",\n \"text\": \"Ester Dean Esther Renay Dean, known professionally as Ester Dean, (born April 15, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Dean has also written songs for many artists including Christina Aguilera, Florence + The Machine, Katy Perry, Beyoncé, Drake, Selena Gomez, Nicole Scherzinger, Priyanka Chopra, Mary J. Blige, Nicki Minaj, Kelly Clarkson, Ciara, The Pussycat Dolls, Usher, Kelly Rowland, Girlicious, Keri Hilson, Rihanna, R. Kelly, Britney Spears, G.R.L., Soulja Boy Tell 'Em, Little Mix, Pia Toscano, Tinie Tempah, Lil Wayne, Machine Gun Kelly, Fifth Harmony, and Eurovision Song Contest 2012 winner Loreen. Her 2009 debut single \\\"Drop\",\n \"title\": \"Ester Dean\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20158217\",\n \"text\": \"programmed the track and provided additional vocals with Furner, Tizzard and Preston. Clapping was provided by Furner and Preston while Tizzard played piano. Tizzard and McVey play guitar on the track. The song was performed by The Vamps on their Middle of the Night Tour, alongside Carpenter, who toured together with them as a supporting act. Recording and management Personnel Credits adapted from \\\"Night & Day\\\" and Tidal liner notes. Hands (Mike Perry song) \\\"Hands\\\" is a song by Swedish DJ Mike Perry, featuring British band The Vamps and American singer Sabrina Carpenter. It was released on 19 May 2017\",\n \"title\": \"Hands (Mike Perry song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"105937\",\n \"text\": \"the song \\\"Set It Off\\\" by Canadian rapper Kardinal Offishall (also with Pusha T); the remix debuted on DJ Skee's radio show. At the beginning of 2009, Dre produced, and made a guest vocal performance on, the single \\\"Crack a Bottle\\\" by Eminem and the single sold a record 418,000 downloads in its first week and reached the top of the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart on the week of February 12, 2009. Along with this single, in 2009 Dr. Dre produced or co-produced 19 of 20 tracks on Eminem's album \\\"Relapse\\\". These included other hit singles \\\"We Made You\\\", \\\"Old\",\n \"title\": \"Dr. Dre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18042726\",\n \"text\": \"US in November 2014, and as of January 2015, it has sold 1,118,000 downloads. In Canada, the song was also certified Platinum, indicating digital downloads in excess of 80,000 units. Bartender (Lady Antebellum song) \\\"Bartender\\\" is a song written and recorded by American country music trio Lady Antebellum. Written by group members Dave Haywood, Charles Kelley, and Hillary Scott along with Rodney Clawson, and co-produced with Nathan Chapman, the song was released to country radio by Capitol Nashville on May 12, 2014, as the lead single from the group's sixth studio album, \\\"747\\\". It was released to iTunes the following\",\n \"title\": \"Bartender (Lady Antebellum song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6202108\",\n \"text\": \"fan base. McCann left at the end of that first year, and MacLeod brought in Darby Mills to provide lead vocals. They released their debut album \\\"Turn It Loud\\\" in 1982, which quickly went platinum and topped the charts for six weeks, with the hit single \\\"Don't It Make Ya Feel\\\". Their second release, \\\"Line of Fire\\\", was another multi-platinum success, and included the hits \\\"Just One More Time\\\" and \\\"Feel It (Feel My Body)\\\", resulting in the band touring Europe with Whitesnake at the beginning of 1984. Mills received much attention and won accolades with fans polls voting her\",\n \"title\": \"Headpins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6697108\",\n \"text\": \"co-written by a then-unknown Joe Diffie, who also sang backing vocals on it. She also sang on Kenny Rogers' late 1990 hit \\\"Maybe\\\", from his album \\\"Something Inside So Strong\\\". Dunn's second Warner Bros. album, \\\"Heart Full of Love\\\", was released in 1990. Although its lead single \\\"My Anniversary for Being a Fool\\\" failed to make the top 40, the followup \\\"You Really Had Me Going\\\" became her second and final number-one hit, while the title track was a top-20 hit. In 1991, Dunn released her first greatest hits package, \\\"\\\". It included the new release \\\"Maybe I Mean Yes\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Holly Dunn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17205406\",\n \"text\": \"Tapout (song) \\\"Tapout\\\" is a song by American hip hop group Rich Gang featuring rappers Lil Wayne, Birdman, Mack Maine, Nicki Minaj and Future. The song was the first single off of the YMCMB compilation album, \\\"Rich Gang\\\". The song is produced by Southside & TM88 and is co-produced by Detail. It also features uncredited vocals from its co-producer, Noel \\\"Detail\\\" Fisher. The song was premiered on March 12, 2013, and was available for digital download on March 19. The song has since peaked at #44 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. Birdman confirmed the release of the song on March\",\n \"title\": \"Tapout (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16387685\",\n \"text\": \"Pluto (Future album) Pluto is the debut studio album by American rapper Future. It was released on April 13, 2012, by A1 Recordings, Epic Records and Freebandz. The album features guest appearances from Drake, R. Kelly, T.I., Trae tha Truth and Snoop Dogg, with the production, which was handled by Will-A-Fool, Sonny Digital and K.E. on the Track, among others. \\\"Pluto\\\" was supported by five singles: \\\"Tony Montana\\\", \\\"Go Harder\\\", \\\"Magic (Remix)\\\", \\\"Same Damn Time\\\" and \\\"Turn On the Lights\\\". The album received generally positive reviews from critics, debuting at number eight on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, selling 41,000 copies\",\n \"title\": \"Pluto (Future album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2153662\",\n \"text\": \"from Compass Point Studios. In 1978, he released \\\"Double Fun\\\", a collection of Caribbean-influenced rock, including a cover of \\\"You Really Got Me\\\". The album reached the Top 50 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" chart and scored a Top 20 single with the Andy Fraser–penned \\\"Every Kinda People\\\". The song has been covered by other artists including Chaka Demus and Pliers, Randy Crawford and Amy Grant. It reached number 16 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. Palmer's next album was an artistic departure, concentrating on pure rock. 1979's \\\"Secrets\\\" produced his second Top 20 single with Moon Martin's \\\"Bad Case of Loving\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Palmer (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8013520\",\n \"text\": \"Luka (song) \\\"Luka\\\" is a song written and recorded by Suzanne Vega, released as a single in 1987. It remains her highest-charting hit in the United States, reaching No. 3 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. Worldwide, the song charted the highest in Sweden—where it peaked at No. 2—and reached the top 10 in Austria, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. \\\"Luka\\\" earned Vega nominations at the 1988 Grammy Awards, including Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Vega also recorded a Spanish-language version of the song, included on the single release. The song\",\n \"title\": \"Luka (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6542017\",\n \"text\": \"Norway. The single is Milian's most successful to date, reaching number five on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart as well as the top five in the United Kingdom and the top ten in the Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Norway. Milian also performed and promoted the song for a Tommy Hilfiger Jeans commercial. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2005, and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in early January 2005. It remains Milian's biggest hit single in the USA to date, and her only one to\",\n \"title\": \"Dip It Low\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18547216\",\n \"text\": \"I'm Into You, Papi, Dance Again, Goin' In, Live It Up, First Love and Booty. 5 out of the 16 songs features Pitbull. American singer and songwriter Donna Summer achieved 14 number-one songs on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Dance Club Songs chart between 1976 and 2010 before dying in May 2012, and ranked sixth among the top 100 Dance Club Songs artists overall. Summer gained her sixteenth number-one posthumously in 2018 with \\\"Hot Stuff 2018\\\". Summer's first two chart-toppers (\\\"Love to Love You Baby\\\" and \\\"Try Me, I Know We Can Make It\\\") occurred in 1975-1976, when \\\"Billboard\\\" published multiple dance\",\n \"title\": \"Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10893293\",\n \"text\": \"albums and several hit singles followed, including \\\"Livin' It Up (Friday Night)\\\", which hit No. 7 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B singles chart and No. 15 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 in 1979. It sold over one million copies in the U.S., plus the same track reached No. 59 in the UK Singles Chart. Bell and James Bell and James were an American soul group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania formed by Leroy Bell on (drums, guitar) and Casey James (guitar, bass, keyboards). Both LeRoy Bell and Casey James had played in Special Blend before beginning to write songs together. Bell's uncle Thom\",\n \"title\": \"Bell and James\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16800108\",\n \"text\": \"Mike Will Made It Michael Len Williams II (born March 23, 1989), known professionally as Mike Will Made It (often stylized as Mike WiLL Made-It) or simply Mike Will, is an American record producer, DJ, rapper, and songwriter. He is best known for producing trap beats for several Southern hip hop artists as well as for producing several singles, such as \\\"Black Beatles\\\" and \\\"Powerglide\\\" by Rae Sremmurd, \\\"Mercy\\\" by GOOD Music, \\\"No Lie\\\" by 2 Chainz, \\\"Bandz a Make Her Dance\\\" by Juicy J, \\\"Pour It Up\\\" by Rihanna, \\\"Love Me\\\" by Lil Wayne, \\\"Body Party\\\" by Ciara, \\\"We\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Will Made It\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20977777\",\n \"text\": \"Good Form (song) \\\"Good Form\\\" is a song by American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj. The original mix debuted on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 singles chart at number nine following the release of her fourth studio album, \\\"Queen\\\", on August 10, 2018. A remix to the song featuring American rapper Lil Wayne was released on November 29, 2018, as the fourth single from the album, where it reached number 60 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. It was written by Minaj, Michael Williams II, and Asheton Hogan; and was produced by Mike Will Made It and Plush. \\\"Good\",\n \"title\": \"Good Form (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5412468\",\n \"text\": \"the US and UK, her last major American chart success. The album also includes Turner's version of The Trammps' disco classic \\\"Disco Inferno\\\", a song she had often performed live in concert during the late 1970s, but which she had never previously recorded in studio. Two tracks from her 1984 breakthrough solo album \\\"Private Dancer\\\" are included as well, the title track to the movie and \\\"I Might Have Been Queen\\\". The album hit #1 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified platinum in various countries including the US, the UK, Switzerland and New Zealand. The US version of\",\n \"title\": \"What's Love Got to Do with It (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10928192\",\n \"text\": \"list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list Vol. 4 Track list: Track list: Track list: Luis Vargas (musician) Luis Rafael Valdez Vargas (born ) is a Dominican singer and songwriter. He became involved in popular music after meeting a local musician who taught him how to\",\n \"title\": \"Luis Vargas (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4580981\",\n \"text\": \"the album peaked at number 21, selling a total of 63,708 copies, and achieving Silver certification by the British Phonographic Industry. The album received a Grammy Award nomination for \\\"Best Contemporary R&B Album\\\" in 2005. To promote her album, Milian performed as an opening act on the Usher and Kanye West tour. The album's first single, \\\"Dip It Low\\\", became Milian's biggest hit to date, reaching number two in the UK and number five in the US. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA for digital sales, and earned a Grammy Award nomination for \\\"Best Rap/Sung Collaboration\\\". The album's\",\n \"title\": \"It's About Time (Christina Milian album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15594748\",\n \"text\": \"produced by Pop Wansel. The song peaked at number 32 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Dance (Ass)\\\" was sent to urban radio as the album's third single on September 20, 2011. The song was produced by Da Internz. The remix to , featuring Nicki Minaj, was sent to urban radio on October 18, 2011. The album's first promotional single, \\\"I Do It\\\", was released via digital download on May 10, 2011. No I.D. also produced the track, alongside The Legendary Traxster. The song peaked at number 92 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop chart. The album's second promotional single,\",\n \"title\": \"Finally Famous (Big Sean album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20500210\",\n \"text\": \"Stir Fry (song) \\\"Stir Fry\\\" is a song recorded by American hip hop group Migos. It was released on December 20, 2017, as the second single from Migos' third studio album \\\"Culture II\\\" (2018). It was written by Quavious Marshall, Kirsnick Ball, Kiari Cephus and Pharrell Williams and produced by the latter. It peaked at number eight on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Stir Fry\\\" is unusual compared to Migos' traditional Atlanta-style trap sound. In an interview with Beats 1's Ebro Darden, the group revealed the instrumental for the song was originally intended for an unreleased T.I. song in 2008. Quavo\",\n \"title\": \"Stir Fry (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18547226\",\n \"text\": \"(Bad Boy)\\\" (with Akon & Luciana) (2013), \\\"Take Me Away\\\" (with Rokelle) (2014), \\\"Aftermath (Here We Go)\\\" (with Erasure singer Andy Bell) (2014), \\\"Hustlin'\\\" (with Vassy and Crazibiza) (2014), \\\"Im Gonna Get You\\\" (featuring Jessica Sutta) (2015), \\\"You Have to Believe\\\" (featuring Olivia Newton-John and Chloe Lattanzi) (2015), and \\\"True Original,\\\" (featuring Andy Bell) (2016) In an interview with \\\"Billboard\\\", Audé quoted, \\\"I'm thrilled to have hit No. 1 for the 14th time (with \\\"Yeah Yeah 2017\\\"). I'm honored that my original songwriting and production have resonated as strongly as my remixes and am grateful to all of the DJs\",\n \"title\": \"Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11488875\",\n \"text\": \"from the \\\"Hannah Montana Forever\\\" soundtrack. She also co-wrote Lee Brice's 2012 single \\\"I Drive Your Truck\\\", and Blake Shelton's \\\"Drink on It\\\" and \\\"Mine Would Be You\\\". Jessi Alexander Jessica Leigh Alexander (born November 18, 1976 in Jackson, Tennessee) is an American country music artist. She has had her songs recorded by Patty Loveless, Trisha Yearwood and Little Big Town. She also launched her own recording career in 2004. Two of her songs charted on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart, and Columbia Records released her debut album, \\\"Honeysuckle Sweet\\\", on March 1, 2005. In 2006, she was dropped from\",\n \"title\": \"Jessi Alexander\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3059594\",\n \"text\": \"Lipps Inc. Lipps Inc. ( ) was an American disco and funk group from Minneapolis, Minnesota. The group was best known for the chart-topping 1980 worldwide hit single \\\"Funkytown\\\" which hit No. 1 in 28 different countries around the world and was certified as double-platinum in sales. The group originally consisted of lead vocalist Cynthia Johnson and a changing lineup of session musicians including guitarist David Rivkin, guitarist Tom Riopelle and bassist Terry Grant. Steven Greenberg, the creator of the act, wrote and produced most of the group's music. Lipps Inc.'s first release was a 1979 single, \\\"Rock It\\\", on\",\n \"title\": \"Lipps Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5375747\",\n \"text\": \"Time\\\", and a song written by a teenage Howard Stern, \\\"Psychedelic Bee\\\". \\\"Mr. Bartender\\\" is the only hit single absent from the album. The international edition of the album substitutes a cover of Joe Walsh's \\\"Life's Been Good\\\" for \\\"Time after Time\\\". The Best of Sugar Ray The Best of Sugar Ray is a 2005 Sugar Ray greatest hits album, released by Warner Bros. Records, consisting of 12 previous hits and 3 new recordings. Tracks 1, 9, and 14 are new tracks. Tracks 7 and 10 are from \\\"Lemonade and Brownies\\\", Tracks 3 and 12 are from \\\"Floored\\\", Tracks 4,\",\n \"title\": \"The Best of Sugar Ray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2746748\",\n \"text\": \"Man' also recorded the song. \\\"Dancing Queen\\\" was released on 13 July 2018 alongside the \\\"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again\\\" soundtrack, by Capitol and Polydor Records. It was released on 21 July 2018 as the fourth single from the soundtrack. The song is performed by Pierce Brosnan, Christine Baranski, Julie Walters, Colin Firth, Stellan Skarsgård, Dominic Cooper and Amanda Seyfried and it was produced by Benny Andersson. Dancing Queen \\\"Dancing Queen\\\" is a Europop song by the Swedish group ABBA, and the lead single from their fourth studio album, \\\"Arrival\\\". It was written by Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus and\",\n \"title\": \"Dancing Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18168713\",\n \"text\": \"747 (album) 747 is the sixth studio album by American country music group Lady Antebellum. It was released on September 30, 2014, by Capitol Nashville. The lead single \\\"Bartender\\\" was released in May 2014 and reached number 1 on the US Country Airplay chart in early September 2014. It has spawned three further singles: \\\"Freestyle\\\", \\\"Lie with Me\\\", and \\\"Long Stretch of Love\\\". The album debuted at No. 2 on both the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country Albums (behind Blake Shelton's \\\"Bringing Back the Sunshine\\\") and also entered the top 10 on all-genre album charts in Australia, Canada,\",\n \"title\": \"747 (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9134659\",\n \"text\": \"The album's second single, \\\"Bartender\\\" was released on June 5, 2007. The song features guest vocals from musician and his then label-mate Akon, with T-Pain, who also produced this track. The song peaked at number 5 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Epiphany\\\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who drew comparisons to fellow R&B singer R. Kelly. Gentry Boeckel of \\\"PopMatters\\\" credited T-Pain on his production and use of various characters on the songs he wrote. He also said that his career will last more than other past R&B artists like Case, Joe and Tyrese concluding with, \\\"T-Pain\",\n \"title\": \"Epiphany (T-Pain album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18042725\",\n \"text\": \"banjo at the end, make this tune too much fun to be a downer.\\\" \\\"Bartender\\\" debuted at No. 43 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay chart for the week ending May 31, 2014, soon reaching the top spot. It also debuted at No. 40 on \\\"Billboard\\\" Adult Pop Songs in November, their first song to manage crossing over to adult contemporary radio since \\\"Just a Kiss\\\" and reaching No. 25 to date. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on September 11, 2014 and was certified Platinum on September 23, 2014. The song reached its millionth sales mark in the\",\n \"title\": \"Bartender (Lady Antebellum song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16329870\",\n \"text\": \"Expression (song) \\\"Expression\\\" is the lead single released from Salt-n-Pepa's third album, \\\"Blacks' Magic\\\". The song was both written and produced by member Cheryl \\\"Salt\\\" James. The song became the group's second single to reach the top 40 in the US, peaking at number 28 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 while also topping the Hot Rap Singles chart at number one, becoming their first song to do so. The single was certified gold by the RIAA on February 28, 1990 before reaching platinum status less than three months later on May 25. The music video is notable for marking the\",\n \"title\": \"Expression (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18707471\",\n \"text\": \"Will Made It's \\\"Drinks on Us\\\", which also featured artists Future and The Weeknd, and became his first single as solo artist. In September 2015, he was featured on Wiz Khalifa's \\\"Burn Slow\\\", which peaked at number 83 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, making it Lee's first solo entry on the chart. In April 2017, Lee was featured on French Montana's \\\"Unforgettable\\\". The song peaked at number three on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, making it Lee's first top ten single on the chart as a solo artist. In December 2017, Brown released a song titled \\\"TR666\\\" alongside Trippie Redd. On\",\n \"title\": \"Swae Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3239868\",\n \"text\": \"debut album, Miller put out his second studio album, \\\"Game Time\\\". It peaked at No. 33 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and No. 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums selling close to 80,000 copies the first week . It spawned the billboard charting single \\\"2-Way\\\" that charted to No. 66 Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. It also spawned the album second single \\\"True Love\\\" which charted at No. 16 under the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. Though not as successful on the charts as Miller's debut album it was successful in sales for selling 2,500,000 copies in the United States. In 2004, Miller released his\",\n \"title\": \"Romeo Miller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20116918\",\n \"text\": \"10. The song became a hit. Subsequently, Ms. Toi was signed to Universal Records. Her debut album, \\\"That Girl\\\", was released a year later. It features multiple West Coast rappers, including E-40 and MC Ren, along with others like Nelly and producer Dame Grease. Ms. Toi Toikeon Parham, known professionally as Ms. Toi, is an American rapper. She is featured on the Ice Cube song \\\"You Can Do It\\\" with Mack 10. Released on the soundtrack albums for the feature films \\\"Next Friday\\\" and \\\"Save the Last Dance\\\", \\\"You Can Do It\\\" became a major club hit in 2000, and\",\n \"title\": \"Ms. Toi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10389913\",\n \"text\": \"Duke Jupiter Duke Jupiter is an American rock band which originated in Rochester, New York. They were active in the 1970s and 1980s on Mercury Records, CBS Records, and the Motown subsidiary Morocco Records and Powerglide Records. They are best known for their hit single \\\"I'll Drink to You\\\". After the release of their first album \\\"Sweet Cheeks\\\" in 1978, Duke started touring with national acts, including, ZZ Top, Stevie Ray Vaughan, David Bowie, Bob Seger, Robert Palmer, B. B. King, Toto, Sea Level, Huey Lewis and the News, REO Speedwagon, Foreigner, Blue Öyster Cult, The Charlie Daniels Band, Outlaws\",\n \"title\": \"Duke Jupiter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20381429\",\n \"text\": \"in the top ten. Notes Sample credits I Still Am I Still Am is the ninth studio album by American rapper Yo Gotti. It was released on October 27, 2017, by Epic Records, Roc Nation and Collective Music Group. The album features guest appearances from Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, YFN Lucci and Meek Mill, French Montana and 21 Savage. I Still Am serves as a sequel to Gotti's \\\"I Am\\\" (2013). It was supported by two singles – \\\"Rake It Up\\\" and \\\"Juice\\\". The album debuted at number six on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart. On October 10, 2017, Yo\",\n \"title\": \"I Still Am\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20977781\",\n \"text\": \"adapted from \\\"Queen\\\" album liner notes and Tidal. Recording Personnel Original mix Remix Good Form (song) \\\"Good Form\\\" is a song by American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj. The original mix debuted on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 singles chart at number nine following the release of her fourth studio album, \\\"Queen\\\", on August 10, 2018. A remix to the song featuring American rapper Lil Wayne was released on November 29, 2018, as the fourth single from the album, where it reached number 60 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. It was written by Minaj, Michael Williams II, and\",\n \"title\": \"Good Form (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6122955\",\n \"text\": \"without bail but was released three hours later. | rowspan=\\\"4\\\"| 2008 T-Pain Faheem Rashad Najm (born September 30, 1985), better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. His debut album, \\\"Rappa Ternt Sanga\\\", was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album \\\"Epiphany\\\", which reached number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart. His third album, \\\"Thr33 Ringz\\\", was released in 2008. T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles, including \\\"I'm Sprung\\\", \\\"I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)\\\", \\\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\\\", \\\"Bartender\\\", \\\"Can't Believe It\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"T-Pain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14145202\",\n \"text\": \"You Are\\\", Katy Perry's \\\"Firework\\\", Lady Gaga's \\\"Born This Way\\\", Adele's \\\"Rolling in the Deep\\\", Rihanna's \\\"Diamonds\\\", Taylor Swift's \\\"Shake It Off\\\", Justin Bieber's \\\"Sorry\\\" and Ed Sheeran's \\\"Shape of You\\\". Ariana Grande and English-Irish pop boyband One Direction are some of the other acts that dominated the pop charts in the US this decade. Also from this decade are critically acclaimed works from Beyonce, Kendrick Lamar and Kanye West among others. New pop artists that emerged in that decade were Halsey, Alessia Cara, Shawn Mendes, Charlie Puth, Meghan Trainor, and Camilla Cabello. Rihanna has earned the most #1 singles\",\n \"title\": \"2010s in music\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19644134\",\n \"text\": \"Major Lazer revealed their fourth album would be called \\\"Music Is the Weapon\\\". A number of Major Lazer's singles released since the album's announcement have been reported to be on the album by journalists. \\\"Cold Water\\\" was released on July 22, 2016, featuring Justin Bieber and frequent Major Lazer collaborator MØ. The song received widespread airplay and made it a number one hit on the UK Singles Chart. Following the success of the song, leaked collaborations with singers Sia and Bonnie McKee were announced, as well as teasing collaborations with former Fifth Harmony girl band member Camila Cabello and alternative\",\n \"title\": \"Music Is the Weapon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4789307\",\n \"text\": \"Joe Budden Joseph Anthony Budden II (born August 31, 1980) is an American broadcaster, former rapper, and songwriter. Budden's eponymous debut studio album was released in 2003 and debuted at number 8 on the Billboard 200, selling 95,000 copies within its first week. The album featured the hit single \\\"Pump It Up\\\", Budden's most commercially successful solo single. He was formerly signed to major record label Def Jam, but left the label in 2007 and is currently signed to Empire Distribution. After separating from Def Jam, he began recording and releasing solo mixtapes and albums on independent labels. In 2013,\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Budden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7191656\",\n \"text\": \"Ignition (Remix) \\\"Ignition (Remix)\\\" is a song written and produced by American R&B singer R. Kelly. It was released in 2002 as the lead single from his sixth studio album \\\"Chocolate Factory\\\" (2003). It is viewed as one of his most well-known songs and has been popular in the United States, Europe and Oceania. \\\"Ignition (Remix)\\\" peaked at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 for five consecutive weeks behind 50 Cent's \\\"In Da Club\\\". Outside the United States, the song topped the charts in Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. It was later included\",\n \"title\": \"Ignition (Remix)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18917044\",\n \"text\": \"song charted at number 86 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, and number 32 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. In June 2015, MGK released the single's sequel through WorldStarHipHop, featuring guest appearances from the Cleveland-based hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, fellow rapper and Bad Boy artist French Montana, and rappers Yo Gotti and Real Kid, along with the accompanying music video. The album's second single, called \\\"A Little More\\\" was released on March 30, 2015, through the same channels, with the accompanying music video releasing on May 18, 2015. The song features a guest appearance by American singer-songwriter\",\n \"title\": \"General Admission (Machine Gun Kelly album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1769816\",\n \"text\": \"bonus tracks, \\\"Don't Ask Me\\\" and \\\"You Got the Fever\\\" the respective b-sides of the singles \\\"One More Time\\\" and \\\"Is She Really Going Out with Him?\\\" originally released in May and July 1979. In addition to the standard 12-inch vinyl release, the record was also released in a special package on two 10-inch discs that also included a \\\"Look Sharp!\\\" badge. All songs written and arranged by Joe Jackson. Produced by David Kershenbaum. Album Look Sharp! (Joe Jackson album) Look Sharp! is the debut album by Joe Jackson, released in 1979. The album featured one of Jackson's most famous\",\n \"title\": \"Look Sharp! (Joe Jackson album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4276013\",\n \"text\": \"card represents the life of the rogue espionage agent. A music video was also made to support the second single released from the album, \\\"The Devil Made Me Do It.\\\" However, the song and video saw limited airplay in the United States, because its lyrics contain the word \\\"bullshit.\\\" All songs written by Hay and Kooymans except where noted. Album - \\\"Billboard\\\" (United States) Singles - \\\"Billboard\\\" (United States) Cut (Golden Earring album) Cut is an album by Dutch hard rock band Golden Earring, released in 1982 (see 1982 in music). The album spawned the hit song \\\"Twilight Zone,\\\" which\",\n \"title\": \"Cut (Golden Earring album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8060457\",\n \"text\": \"vocals by Jean Terrell except where noted. Touch (The Supremes album) Touch is the twenty-third studio album by The Supremes, released in the summer of 1971 on the Motown label. It was the third and final LP under the supervision of Frank Wilson, who had been the group's main producer since 1970, when Jean Terrell joined as lead singer. The album also marked the first Motown contributions by composer-producer Leonard Caston, Jr. and writer-lyricist Kathleen Wakefield: \\\"Nathan Jones\\\", a hit single sung by all three members, which was later recorded by Bananarama, and \\\"Love It Came to Me This Time\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Touch (The Supremes album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3739384\",\n \"text\": \"the piano which formed the basis of the song 'You Really Got Me' and I played the riff on my guitar with my new sound. I alone created this sound.\\\" According to recent Kinks' releases that give full official performance credits of the track, group members Ray Davies (vocals and rhythm guitar), Dave Davies (lead guitar), Pete Quaife (bass) are joined by session men Bobby Graham (drums), and Arthur Greenslade (piano). Regular Kinks drummer Mick Avory plays the tambourine. The guitar solo on the recording has been the subject of the persistent myth that it was not played by the\",\n \"title\": \"You Really Got Me\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11128924\",\n \"text\": \"confirmed as \\\"747\\\", and the track listing was confirmed. Chapman produced this album as well. \\\"Bartender\\\" became the group's ninth number 1 hit on the Country Airplay charts in 2014, with \\\"Freestyle\\\" as the second single. The third single \\\"Long Stretch of Love was released on February 7, 2015, in the UK and on March 23, to country radio in the US. They sang two songs, \\\"I Did With You\\\" and \\\"Falling For You\\\", for the 2014 film The Best of Me. In October 2015, while appearing on \\\"Good Morning America\\\", the group announced that they would be taking some\",\n \"title\": \"Lady Antebellum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12825478\",\n \"text\": \"songs \\\"Harajuku Girls\\\", \\\"Don't Get It Twisted\\\", \\\"Now That You Got It\\\", and \\\"Bubble Pop Electric\\\", and the aforementioned song. The medley contained J-pop and disco elements, and served as a \\\"virtual sonic tour of Stefani's many stylistic identities\\\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"The Sweet Escape\\\", Interscope Records. Yummy (Gwen Stefani song) \\\"Yummy\\\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani, featuring American musician Pharrell Williams, from her second solo studio album, \\\"The Sweet Escape\\\" (2006). The track was released on November 11, 2006 as a promotional single for the parent album's release through\",\n \"title\": \"Yummy (Gwen Stefani song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6490101\",\n \"text\": \"at number 17 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart. The second single \\\"Magic Stick\\\", featured 50 Cent, peaked at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. The singles \\\"Magic Stick\\\" and \\\"Came Back for You\\\" earned Kim Grammy Award nominations for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group and Best Female Rap Solo Performance, respectively. In late 2001, Lil' Kim left Junior M.A.F.I.A. and severed ties with all members. She also ended her friendship and business relationship with longtime collaborator Sean \\\"Diddy\\\" Combs. Recording sessions for \\\"La Bella Mafia\\\" began\",\n \"title\": \"La Bella Mafia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16900359\",\n \"text\": \"Camila Cabello Karla Camila Cabello Estrabao (; ; born March 3, 1997) is a Cuban-American singer and songwriter. She rose to prominence as a member of the girl group Fifth Harmony, which was formed on the second season of the American edition of \\\"The X Factor\\\" in 2012, and thereafter signed a joint record deal with Syco Music and Epic Records. While a part of Fifth Harmony, Cabello began to establish herself as a solo artist with the release of several collaborations, including \\\"I Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" with Shawn Mendes and \\\"Bad Things\\\" with Machine Gun Kelly,\",\n \"title\": \"Camila Cabello\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4175314\",\n \"text\": \"October 25, 2005 they released their second mixtape, called \\\"La Conexion\\\". The mixtape was influenced by Latin music. The album contained single \\\"Ladies Night\\\" (released April 17, 2006 and featuring Ivy Queen) released with songs \\\"Loving You\\\" and \\\"Your Time\\\". It also contained Kassanova remix of their single \\\"Turnin' Me On.\\\" The album features a lot of singers: Pitbull, N.O.R.E., Notch, Richie Rivera, Mackie, and Yaga. It also included Tony Touch's hit Play That Song featuring Nina Sky and B-Real, released one month before mixtape's release. In August 2006, Nina Sky were first featured on the cover of the publication\",\n \"title\": \"Nina Sky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3093128\",\n \"text\": \"singles on the album: \\\"I Knew You Were Trouble\\\" (2012), which peaked at number 2 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, and also \\\"22\\\" (2013). Martin produced and co-wrote the first three singles on Swift's fifth studio album \\\"1989\\\" (2014): \\\"Shake It Off\\\" (2014), \\\"Blank Space\\\" (2014), and \\\"Style\\\" (2015). \\\"Shake It Off\\\" and \\\"Blank Space\\\" hit number 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, with the former debuting at the top spot; \\\"Style\\\" peaked at number 6. Martin was both a co-writer and co-producer for Swift's \\\"Bad Blood\\\" which in a remixed form reached number 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100\",\n \"title\": \"Max Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12882419\",\n \"text\": \"released to online music stores on February 10, 2009. The single was released online one week after his single \\\"Crack a Bottle\\\" with Eminem and Dr. Dre. Aftermath Entertainment collaborator Dawaun Parker has stated that he is also featured on the song. After the week of the song's release, the single debuted on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at #64, since then it has peaked at #43. On the Hot Rap Tracks it peaked at #16. On the \\\"Billboard\\\" Rhythmic Top 40 it peaked at #33. On the \\\"Billboard\\\" Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop chart it peaked at #29. After its iTunes release\",\n \"title\": \"I Get It In (50 Cent song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1684038\",\n \"text\": \"Paris (rapper) Oscar Jackson, Jr. (born October 29, 1967), better known by his stage name Paris, is an American rapper from San Francisco, California, known for his highly charged political and socially conscious lyrics. Influenced by the Black Panthers, he was once a member of the Nation of Islam. Paris became known in the US in 1990 with his hit single \\\"The Devil Made Me Do It\\\" and album of the same name, after earning a bachelor's degree in economics from UC Davis. Originally released on Tommy Boy Records, his first single was banned by MTV. When his second album,\",\n \"title\": \"Paris (rapper)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15459012\",\n \"text\": \"four on the US \\\"Billboard 200\\\" chart; it was later confirmed to have sold more than 178,000 copies. In early 2015, he released the singles \\\"Till I Die\\\" and \\\"A Little More\\\" for his second studio album, \\\"General Admission\\\", which released in October 2015, and debuted at number four in the US. The album incorporated darker tones, rap rock, R&B, and storytelling. His third studio album, \\\"Bloom\\\", was released on May 12, 2017, preceded by \\\"Bad Things\\\" with Camila Cabello, peaking at number 4 on the \\\"Billboard Hot 100\\\", his highest charting single. MGK is also an actor, having made\",\n \"title\": \"Machine Gun Kelly (rapper)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7963553\",\n \"text\": \"and the single \\\"Mean\\\" won two Grammy Awards. Her fourth album, \\\"Red\\\" (2012), yielded the successful singles \\\"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\\\" and \\\"I Knew You Were Trouble\\\". For her fifth album, the pop-focused \\\"1989\\\" (2014), she received three Grammys, and became the first woman and fifth act overall to win Album of the Year twice. Its singles \\\"Shake It Off\\\", \\\"Blank Space\\\", and \\\"Bad Blood\\\" reached number one in the US, Australia, and Canada. Swift's sixth album, \\\"Reputation\\\" (2017) and its lead single \\\"Look What You Made Me Do\\\" topped the UK and US charts; with the\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Swift\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3739400\",\n \"text\": \"the original, featured \\\"histrionic\\\" guitar playing by Eddie Van Halen and \\\"vocal shenanigans\\\" by David Lee Roth. The song had been played by the band live for years before its studio release. On the radio, it is often featured with \\\"Eruption\\\", the instrumental that precedes it on the album, as an intro. The song was released as a single as a result of an encounter between Eddie Van Halen and members of the band Angel. Eddie Van Halen and Angel drummer Barry Brandt had both been bragging about their new material to one another, resulting in Eddie Van Halen showing\",\n \"title\": \"You Really Got Me\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20381427\",\n \"text\": \"I Still Am I Still Am is the ninth studio album by American rapper Yo Gotti. It was released on October 27, 2017, by Epic Records, Roc Nation and Collective Music Group. The album features guest appearances from Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, YFN Lucci and Meek Mill, French Montana and 21 Savage. I Still Am serves as a sequel to Gotti's \\\"I Am\\\" (2013). It was supported by two singles – \\\"Rake It Up\\\" and \\\"Juice\\\". The album debuted at number six on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart. On October 10, 2017, Yo Gotti revealed the album's title, release date,\",\n \"title\": \"I Still Am\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1282223\",\n \"text\": \"Ja Rule Jeffrey Bruce Atkins (born February 29, 1976), better known by his stage name Ja Rule, is an American rapper, singer, and actor from Queens, New York. Born in Hollis, Queens, he debuted in 1999 with \\\"Venni Vetti Vecci\\\" and its single \\\"Holla Holla\\\". From 1999 to 2005, Ja Rule had multiple hits that made the top 20 of the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart, including \\\"Between Me and You\\\" with Christina Milian, \\\"I'm Real (Murder Remix)\\\" and \\\"Ain't It Funny\\\" with Jennifer Lopez, which both topped the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, the Grammy-nominated #1 hit \\\"Always on Time\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Ja Rule\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20116916\",\n \"text\": \"Ms. Toi Toikeon Parham, known professionally as Ms. Toi, is an American rapper. She is featured on the Ice Cube song \\\"You Can Do It\\\" with Mack 10. Released on the soundtrack albums for the feature films \\\"Next Friday\\\" and \\\"Save the Last Dance\\\", \\\"You Can Do It\\\" became a major club hit in 2000, and its video received ample airplay on BET. Toikeon Parham was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her family moved to Inglewood, California, when she was 11 years old. Toi attended Inglewood High School, part of its Class of 1991. After being expelled from school, she moved\",\n \"title\": \"Ms. Toi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19206642\",\n \"text\": \"I Did It, Mama! \\\"I Did It, Mama!\\\" is a song recorded by Romanian singer-songwriter Alexandra Stan for her third studio album, \\\"Alesta\\\" (2016). Released on 27 November 2015 through Global Records as a single, the track was produced by Play & Win members Sebastian Barac and Marcel Botezan, and David Ciente. The writing process was handled by the latter three in collaboration with Stan, Eric Turner and Julimar Santos Oliveira Neponuceno. An europop, reggaeton, eurodance and dance-pop song incorporating Balcanic and ethnic influences, the record was described as resembling the lyrical message of Madonna's \\\"Papa Don't Preach\\\". \\\"I Did\",\n \"title\": \"I Did It, Mama!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16900367\",\n \"text\": \"24K Magic World Tour as an opening act for several of its dates, and also partnered with clothing brand Guess as the face for their 2017 Fall campaign. New writing and recording sessions for her album were influenced by the success of her single \\\"Havana\\\", which postponed its original release date. Upon its release, the single reached number one in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Hungary and the United States. It also spent seven weeks atop the US Mainstream Top 40 airplay chart. The song became Spotify's most-streamed song ever by a solo female artist in June 2018,\",\n \"title\": \"Camila Cabello\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4789322\",\n \"text\": \"publicly spoken out against its use. Joe Budden Joseph Anthony Budden II (born August 31, 1980) is an American broadcaster, former rapper, and songwriter. Budden's eponymous debut studio album was released in 2003 and debuted at number 8 on the Billboard 200, selling 95,000 copies within its first week. The album featured the hit single \\\"Pump It Up\\\", Budden's most commercially successful solo single. He was formerly signed to major record label Def Jam, but left the label in 2007 and is currently signed to Empire Distribution. After separating from Def Jam, he began recording and releasing solo mixtapes and\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Budden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9523833\",\n \"text\": \"who sings \\\"It Sure Was Good\\\" with her ex, a song that nostalgically recalled the good times of a broken relationship (Ironically, the song was co-authored by George Richey, who Wynette married in the summer of 1978). The ambitious pairings with pop and rock singers may have displeased many hardcore Jones fans but one of the songs, James Taylor's \\\"Bartender's Blues\\\", had been a top ten country hit in 1978. Taylor wrote the tune with Jones in mind and sang harmony on the track. Pop star Linda Ronstadt also joins Jones on the wistful \\\"I've Turned You To Stone\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"My Very Special Guests\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18860992\",\n \"text\": \"PewDiePie. The official remix features rappers Kevin Gates and Young Thug. The best known remix of this song is \\\"Nasty Freestyle\\\" by rapper T-Wayne, which had a much better commercial performance than the original. The remix was a commercial success in the United States, peaking at number 9 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, and sold 715,000 copies. The song peaked at number 41 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. It also charted at #68 in Canada, making it Dro's first international single. Nasty (Bandit Gang Marco song) \\\"Nasty\\\" is a song by American rapper Bandit Gang Marco. The song was released\",\n \"title\": \"Nasty (Bandit Gang Marco song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11854756\",\n \"text\": \"Tyga Micheal Ray Stevenson (born November 19, 1989), known by his stage name Tyga (a backronym for Thank you God always), is an American rapper. In 2011, Tyga signed a recording contract with Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records. His major label debut \\\"\\\", included the singles \\\"Rack City\\\", \\\"Faded\\\" featuring fellow Young Money artist Lil Wayne, \\\"Far Away\\\" featuring Chris Richardson, \\\"Still Got It\\\" featuring Drake, and \\\"Make It Nasty\\\". He released his third album \\\"Hotel California\\\", on April 9, 2013, and includes the singles \\\"Dope\\\" featuring Rick Ross, \\\"For The Road\\\" featuring Chris Brown, and\",\n \"title\": \"Tyga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16900364\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"Billboard\\\" journalist noted it is \\\"rather uncommon for someone to stand out in a collective as much as Cabello has over the past years.\\\" In November 2015, Cabello collaborated with Canadian singer Shawn Mendes on a duet titled \\\"I Know What You Did Last Summer\\\", a song they wrote together. The single charted at number 20 in the US and 18 in Canada, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). On October 14, 2016, American rapper Machine Gun Kelly released a joint single with Cabello called \\\"Bad Things\\\", which reached a peak of number\",\n \"title\": \"Camila Cabello\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18269338\",\n \"text\": \"Jon Bellion Jonathan David Bellion (born December 26, 1990) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer. He was born and raised in Lake Grove, New York on Long Island. He is known for his single \\\"All Time Low\\\". Bellion has released four mixtapes and two studio albums. His first, \\\"The Human Condition\\\", was released on June 10, 2016, and it debuted at number five on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. He released his second studio album, \\\"Glory Sound Prep\\\", on November 9, 2018. He is currently signed to Visionary Music Group and Capitol Records. Bellion also provided vocals for\",\n \"title\": \"Jon Bellion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18205293\",\n \"text\": \"I Mean It \\\"I Mean It\\\" is a song by American rapper G-Eazy. It was released on May 13, 2014, as the fifth single from his third studio album \\\"These Things Happen\\\" (2014). It features Remo the Hitmaker, who co-wrote and co-produced the song along with G-Eazy and Christoph Andersson. It is G-Eazy's second most successful single; despite peaking at number 98 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, it was still certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA on February 8, 2018. A remix was released featuring an additional verse by Rick Ross. The video premiered on Vevo, then YouTube, on\",\n \"title\": \"I Mean It\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who sings bartender i really did it this time"}}},{"rowIdx":85,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Minnesota Vikings"],"string":"[\n \"Minnesota Vikings\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"19119352","text":"a 43-yard field goal with 22 seconds left in the game. On the final drive for the Jaguars, Tavon Wilson intercepted a pass from Bortles, sealing the Lions 26–19 victory. The Lions became the first team in NFL history to have its first ten games of a season all decided by seven or fewer points. Thanksgiving Day game For their annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted a rematch with division rival the Minnesota Vikings, with both teams coming into the game at 6–4 and the winner gaining first place in the NFC North. The Lions opened the scoring in","title":"2016 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"18397368","text":"Percy Harvin in 2011 for the longest non-scoring play in NFL history. The 18–13 win over the visiting Raiders gave the Lions their first back–to–back victories of the season. The Lions became the first team in NFL history to score exactly 18 points in consecutive games. Thanksgiving Day game Celebrating their 76th Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions routed the Eagles for their third consecutive win. Matthew Stafford threw five touchdown passes, three of them to Calvin Johnson. Having lost at Ford Field for the first time, the Eagles dropped to 6–1 when playing on Thanksgiving. Despite the Lions leading the","title":"2015 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19820557","text":"the win, the Lions won all of their division games on the road in a season for the first time in franchise history. \"See also NFL on Thanksgiving Day\" For their annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted a rematch with their divisional rival, the Minnesota Vikings. The Vikings scored 13 points in the first quarter via a one-yard touchdown pass from Case Keenum to Kyle Rudolph, and a nine-yard touchdown run from Keenum. The Lions responded with 10 points in the second quarter via a 32-yard field goal from Matt Prater and a six-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford","title":"2017 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19119357","text":"decided by more than seven points. The Lions defense held Saints quarterback Drew Brees without a touchdown pass, ending a streak of 60 straight home games in which Brees threw for at least one touchdown. Further, the Lions won a road game following their Thanksgiving Day game for the first time since 1974, ending a streak of 22 losses in such games. In one stretch during the first half, Matthew Stafford completed 14 consecutive passes, a Lions franchise record. In week 14, the Lions returned home for a rematch with division rival the Chicago Bears, who defeated the Lions in","title":"2016 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19820559","text":"36-yard field goal from Kai Forbath. The Lions' attempted comeback failed when Stafford's pass intended for Jones was intercepted by Xavier Rhodes. On the Vikings' ensuing drive, Forbath's 25-yard field goal attempt was blocked by Darius Slay and recovered by Nevin Lawson and returned for a 77-yard touchdown, which was then nullified due to an offside penalty on Slay, making the final score 30–23 in favor of Minnesota, snapping the Lions' three-game winning streak and snapping the team's four-game Thanksgiving Day win streak. In week 13, the Lions visited the Baltimore Ravens. The Ravens opened the scoring in the first","title":"2017 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"16977523","text":"their divisional rivals). At the end of Week 10, the Lions were in first place in their division following their first win at Soldier Field since 2007. With their Thanksgiving Day win over the Green Bay Packers, the Lions not only won their first Thanksgiving Day game since 2003, but they also went undefeated in division home games for the first time since 1999. The Lions dropped to 3rd place after their loss to the Ravens in Week 15, and they were eliminated from postseason contention after their loss to the New York Giants six days later. They lost their","title":"2013 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19127730","text":"time. Thanksgiving Day game In the traditional Thanksgiving game, the Cowboys hosted the Washington Redskins, who had just came off a victory against the Green Bay Packers. In a game of catch-up, the Redskins never led; however, they made a valiant effort in the fourth quarter to take the lead. The Cowboys held them off and won the game, thus extending their winning streak to ten games for the first time in franchise history. The Cowboys traveled to Minnesota to take on the struggling Vikings following their loss against the Detroit Lions on Thanksgiving. In a rather tightly contested game","title":"2016 Dallas Cowboys season"},{"id":"14137382","text":"also marked the 20th anniversary of the Bills and Redskins meeting in Super Bowl XXVI. The Detroit Lions hosted their first Monday Night Football game since 2001, when they faced the Bears on Columbus Day/Canadian Thanksgiving (the Detroit-Windsor market straddles the U.S.–Canada border). Detroit defeated Chicago 24–13 for the team's fifth straight win, the most Lions wins to start a season since the team's glory years in the 1950s, continuing a streak that has been seen as a pleasant surprise for Lions fans, after over a decade of mediocrity. The 2011 Thanksgiving Day slate featured the Super Bowl Champion Green","title":"2011 NFL season"},{"id":"17736599","text":"Day game in ten seasons against the Detroit Lions. The two rivals have played 15 games on Thanksgiving, with Chicago holding the lead 8–7, but the Bears have been 1–4 in their last five Thanksgiving Day games, the most recent win coming in 1993 against the Lions. The previous Thanksgiving game for the Bears was a 21–7 loss to the Dallas Cowboys in 2004. In the fourth quarter, the Bears attempted an onside kick, and recovered, their first successful onside kick since 2003. With the Detroit Lions' win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers three days later, the Bears were officially","title":"2014 Chicago Bears season"},{"id":"20468576","text":"regained the lead via a 19-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Kenny Golladay. Carolina then scored another touchdown via an eight-yard touchdown pass from Newton to D. J. Moore, but unsuccessfully attempted to take the lead with a failed two-point conversion, making the final score 20–19 in favor of Detroit. In week 12, the Lions donned retro-style uniforms and hosted a Thanksgiving Day rematch with their division rival the Chicago Bears. After a scoreless first quarter, the Lions got on the board first in the second quarter via a four-yard touchdown run by LeGarrette Blount. The Bears responded with","title":"2018 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19482165","text":"16-13 victory over the Minnesota Vikings on Thanksgiving. On December 4, 2016, he played 21 defensive snaps (34%) during the Detroit Lions 28-13 victory against the New Orleans Saints. He finished the game with three solo tackles, a pass deflection, and intercepted Drew Brees for his first career interception. On September 10, 2017, in the Lions' season opening 35–23 victory over the Arizona Cardinals, Killebrew had a 35-yard interception return for a touchdown, which came off of quarterback Carson Palmer, in the fourth quarter. Killebrew was raised by his parents, Lisa and David Killebrew, in Henderson, Nevada. Killebrew and his","title":"Miles Killebrew"},{"id":"15204756","text":"their victory with Kevin Smith's third touchdown of the game, this one on a 19-yard rush. By winning this game after trailing by 17 points, the Lions are the first team in NFL history that have won 3 games in one season in which they trailed by at least 17 points. For their annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted their NFC North Division rivals, the then-undefeated Green Bay Packers. After a scoreless first quarter, Detroit trailed in the second quarter after Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers completed a 3-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Greg Jennings. After halftime, Green Bay","title":"2011 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19119354","text":"the game. With 38 seconds left in the fourth quarter, Darius Slay intercepted a pass from Sam Bradford. Two plays later, Prater recorded a 40-yard field goal as time expired, giving the Lions a 16–13 win. The Lions have trailed in the fourth quarter of every game this season, and tied an NFL record for the most fourth quarter comeback wins in a season with seven, set by the 2009 Indianapolis Colts. The Lions extended their own NFL record of games to start a season being decided by seven points or fewer, now standing at eleven. After their Thanksgiving win,","title":"2016 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19820553","text":"occupied by Brett Favre, Dan Marino, and Peyton Manning. The game also marked the first time the Lions did not punt in a game since Thanksgiving Day in 1971. In week 10, the Lions hosted the winless Cleveland Browns. The Browns scored 10 points in the first quarter via a 23-yard field goal from Zane Gonzalez, and a 19-yard touchdown pass from DeShone Kizer to Kenny Britt. The Lions responded with a 46-yard field goal from Matt Prater. The Lions tied the game in the second quarter via an eight-yard touchdown run from Ameer Abdullah, and took their first lead","title":"2017 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"9131690","text":"team also required an extension to prevent a local television blackout. The Lions were routed by Tennessee 47–10, en route to the team's 0–16 season. NFL commissioner Roger Goodell confirmed that the Lions would stay on Thanksgiving for the 2009 season, but kept the issue open to revisit in the future. Conversely, the Dallas Cowboys, who typically represent a larger television draw, have had many fewer public calls to be replaced on Thanksgiving. One issue that has been debated is a perceived unfair advantage of playing at home on Thanksgiving. The advantage is given in the form of an extra","title":"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"},{"id":"9861991","text":"started 4–4, then lost their last 8 games, their longest streak since 2008, to finish 4–12. This was the last season for PK Jason Hanson, the oldest then-active player in the NFL at 42 years old, who retired after the season ended. The 2013 season saw the team improve. By week 10, following their first win at Chicago since 2007, the team was in first place in the NFC North. In week 13, the team won their first Thanksgiving game since 2004 in a 40–10 whipping of Green Bay. However, the Lions had lost their previous two going into the","title":"History of the Detroit Lions"},{"id":"20468527","text":"featured one practice and no film session, the Bears visited Ford Field to play the Lions for the second time in three weeks. Part of the NFL's Thanksgiving Day tradition, it was the 17th meeting between the two on the holiday; the Bears were 17–15–2 in total games played on Thanksgiving. With Trubisky out due to his shoulder injury, Chicago started Daniel at quarterback, his first regular season start since 2014 and third of his career. Tyler Bray was promoted from the practice squad to back up Daniel, which led to Marcus Cooper being released to make room for him","title":"2018 Chicago Bears season"},{"id":"17736634","text":"Blount, then an 8-yard catch by Tim Wright. New England's Stephen Gostkowski then kicked a 35-yard field goal to make the score 24–6 at halftime. The only score of the third quarter was a Patriots 35 yard field goal. In the final quarter, the Lions scored their third field goal, this one from 49 yards out. The Patriots capped their large victory with a 1-yard touchdown run from LeGarrette Blount. After a short week, the Lions hosted their division rivals the Chicago Bears for their 75th annual Thanksgiving Day Game. Detroit spotted Chicago a 14–3 first quarter lead, as Jay","title":"2014 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"12848876","text":"as Showtime's \"Inside the NFL\". The company's founder Steve Sabol said the Lions' game-winning drive was the most dramatic film he has seen in over 30 years. For their 70th annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted a rematch with division rivals the Green Bay Packers. Detroit got an early lead when Matthew Stafford threw a 1-yard TD pass to Calvin Johnson, the only Lions score of the first half. The Packers responded with a TD of their own, a 7-yard toss to Donald Lee. The Packers then kicked 2 field goals: first a 20 yarder and just before halftime","title":"2009 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"9131707","text":"\"Thursday Night Football\" rights expired after the 2017 season, after which Fox won the bidding. The league then scheduled all three games in 2018 to feature NFC vs. NFC opponents, with CBS given the Chicago Bears as the Lions' opponent for the early game while Fox carries the Washington at Dallas late afternoon game. NBC still held the rights to the Thanksgiving night game, Atlanta Falcons at New Orleans Saints. (The same year, the league expanded its flexible scheduling policies to include days other than Sundays.) To date, the NFL has never assigned an AFC road game to Fox on","title":"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"},{"id":"16977559","text":"Despite three turnovers and a missed field goal in the first half, the Lions rebounded to dominate the Packers, earning their first win on Thanksgiving Day since 2003. After David Akers and Mason Crosby exchanged field goals, Green Bay took their first and only lead of the day in the second quarter when Nick Perry forced a Matthew Stafford fumble that Morgan Burnett returned for a 1-yard touchdown. Detroit tied the score at 10 after Stafford found Jeremy Ross in the end zone with a 5-yard TD pass. A 1-yard Reggie Bush TD run gave the Lions a 17–10 halftime","title":"2013 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"14140338","text":"from 4 yards out. Later, Jon Kitna sealed the Cowboys win with a 29-yard TD run. With the loss, not only did the Lions fall to 2–8, but they added to their already record setting 26 game road losing streak. For their 71st annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted the New England Patriots. In a rare occurrence, both teams wore the home versions of their throwback uniforms. The Patriots got on the board first with a 19-yard field goal by Shayne Graham. The Lions took the lead late in the first quarter with a 19-yard TD catch by Calvin","title":"2010 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"16190079","text":"kicked the game-winning field goal from 32-yards out. It was the Lions' ninth consecutive Thanksgiving loss. In week 13, the Lions hosted the Indianapolis Colts. They started the scoring when Jason Hanson kicked a 48-yard field goal. The Colts responded with a 17-yard touchdown catch by Donnie Avery from Andrew Luck. Detroit replied when Brandon Pettigrew caught a 16-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford, and added to their lead in the second quarter when Mikel Leshoure ran in a touchdown from 6 yards out. The Colts scored their only points of the second quarter when Coby Fleener caught a 26-yard","title":"2012 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"17736441","text":"were shut out 31-0 in Week 5 against the Chargers). The loss snapped the Giants' 3 game winning streak as their overall record fell to 3-3. This was the first Sunday Night Football game held in MetLife Stadium following a one-season absence. With the loss, the Giants fell to 3-8, and were mathematically eliminated from playoff contention after the Lions defeated the Bears on Thanksgiving four days later. This game, however, is best known for an acrobatic one-handed catch by Odell Beckham Jr. early in the 2nd quarter that would go down as one of the greatest catches in NFL","title":"2014 New York Giants season"},{"id":"9131694","text":"and Cowboys' division rivals for the contests so that ratings are maximized; seven out of the ten Thanksgiving games involving the Lions or Cowboys since 2014 have involved a team in the same division, while only one (a 2017 contest between the Cowboys and Los Angeles Chargers) has involved the AFC. The Los Angeles Rams have the longest active appearance drought of any team, with their last appearance coming in 1975. Among current NFL markets, Cleveland has had the longest wait to have a team from its city play on Thanksgiving; the Browns last appeared in 1989, several years before","title":"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"},{"id":"7129419","text":"of hype surrounding the game, also due to the fact that these teams had met in the previous season's AFC Championship game, and would possibly meet later in the 2007 AFC Championship game. Many people dubbed the game \"Super Bowl 41\". The Patriots prevailed 24–20, and would later finish the regular season as the league's first 16–0 team. For the second year in a row, three games were also held on the United States' Thanksgiving Day (November 22). In addition to the traditional games hosted by the Detroit Lions and Cowboys (with those teams respectively playing the Green Bay Packers","title":"2007 NFL season"},{"id":"8724370","text":"Atlanta Falcons, who both finished with losing records. The Lions went 1–6 against teams that finished with a winning record. From weeks 10 to 16, the Lions embarked on a 7-game losing streak to sit at 2–13, but in week 17, the Lions conclude their season by stunning the Dallas Cowboys in Texas 39–31 – a loss that cost the Cowboys the NFC East. The lowest point of the season came in their Thanksgiving Day game against the Miami Dolphins. During the game, “Fire Millen” signs, which were a part of the Fire Millen movement in association with Lions GM","title":"2006 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"4258618","text":"time the Chargers played on Thanksgiving since 1969. His performance in Week 12 earned him AFC Offensive Player of the Week. On December 3, against the Cleveland Browns, the Chargers won 19–10 as Rivers had 344 passing yards and a touchdown. In the following game, against the Washington Redskins, he had 319 passing yards and two touchdowns as the Chargers won their fourth consecutive game. On December 16, he had 227 passing yards, one touchdown, and three interceptions as they lost to the Kansas City Chiefs by a score of 30–13. On December 19, 2017, Rivers was named to his","title":"Philip Rivers"},{"id":"8252239","text":"League season and the first time an NFC opponent played in the series. On the same day that the Broncos and 49ers played in London, the Saints hosted the Pittsburgh Steelers on NBC's Sunday Night Football. This game was televised opposite Game Four of the World Series on Fox, a practice the league had traditionally avoided. The Saints won this game 20–10. The Thanksgiving games took place on Thursday, November 25, 2010, with the Detroit Lions falling to the visiting New England Patriots, 45–24. The second game featured the Dallas Cowboys giving up a late lead to the New Orleans","title":"2010 NFL season"},{"id":"20472710","text":"the 2017 regular season at 9–3, and were second in the B1G East Division (7–2). The team had upset wins over then-#7 Michigan and then-#7 Penn State. Their three losses were all against teams that finished in the AP Top 20 (#14 Notre Dame, #20 Northwestern and #5 Ohio State). This was Washington State's fourth appearance in the Holiday Bowl, having lost to #14 Brigham Young in 1981, having defeated #5 Texas in 2003, and having lost to Minnesota in 2016. The Cougars finished the 2017 regular season at 9–3, and were third in the Pac-12 North Division (6–3). The","title":"2017 Holiday Bowl"},{"id":"9131678","text":"1934 and 1935), Frankford Yellow Jackets, Pottsville Maroons, Buffalo All-Americans, Canton Bulldogs (even after the team moved to Cleveland they played the 1924 Thanksgiving game in Canton), and the New York Giants (1929–38, who always played a crosstown rival). The first owner of the Lions, George A. Richards, started the tradition of the Thanksgiving Day game as a gimmick to get people to go to Lions football games, and to continue a tradition begun by the city's previous NFL teams. What differentiated the Lions' efforts from other teams that played on the holiday was that Richards owned radio station WJR,","title":"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"},{"id":"11466685","text":"third quarter, Tampa Bay added onto their lead as RB Clifton Smith returned a punt 70 yards for a touchdown, along with CB Ronde Barber returning an interception 65 yards for a touchdown. Detroit scored when Hanson got a 40-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, only the Buccaneers scored when kicker Matt Bryant nailed a 48-yard field goal. Later that week, the Lions stayed at home, donned their throwback uniforms again, and played their 69th annual Thanksgiving Day game against the then 10–1 Tennessee Titans. It was the Lions’ only nationally televised game of the regular season and the","title":"2008 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"20468564","text":"for over 100 yards in a game since Reggie Bush on Thanksgiving Day in 2013, ending the fourth-longest streak (70 games) without a 100-yard rusher in NFL history. In week 4, the Lions donned all gray uniforms and visited the Dallas Cowboys. Dallas opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 32-yard field goal from Brett Maher. Detroit responded with a 45-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Golden Tate, to take their first lead of the game. In the second quarter, both teams scored a field goal, first a 43-yard field goal by Maher for the Cowboys, then","title":"2018 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"9861978","text":"totals $72 million. In the first two games of 2009, the Lions lost to the eventual champion Saints and then to the Vikings. On September 27, 2009, the team broke their 19-game losing streak with a 19–14 win at Ford Field against the Washington Redskins. Losses resumed after that, which included handing the winless Rams their only victory of the season. Detroit's only other win of the season was against the Cleveland Browns, a surprise 38-37 thriller that saw Matthew Stafford throw the winning touchdown as time expired. The Lions then hosted Green Bay on their annual Thanksgiving game and","title":"History of the Detroit Lions"},{"id":"11457050","text":"However, the Lions lost 5 straight games following the win, and were eliminated from the playoffs with a 16-13 overtime loss to the Packers. The Lions would win one more game for the rest of the season, which was a 13-12 win over the Saints. The season concluded with a 35-21 loss to the eventual Super Bowl champion Steelers. During the season, after the Lions lost 27-7 on Thanksgiving Day to the Atlanta Falcons, the Lions fired Steve Mariucci, and hired Dick Jauron to be the interim head coach for the remainder of the season. 2005 Detroit Lions season The","title":"2005 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"17736507","text":"scheduling, and a Thanksgiving Day game during the season. In December, the Bears had three consecutive home games, the first since 2008 and the second since 1963. Although CBS, which airs AFC games against the Lions on Thanksgiving, held the rights to the game for 2014, the league's new \"crossflexing\" policy, which allows CBS and Fox to switch seven games, permitted the Bears to play Detroit. The Bears opened the season at home against the Buffalo Bills, who had a record of 6–10 in 2013. Entering the game, the Bears were 54–35–5 in season openers, the most wins of any","title":"2014 Chicago Bears season"},{"id":"19012390","text":"Baptist University by the score of 98–20. The Lions were once again invited to the post season by routing former LSC foe East Central University 72–21 in the C.H.A.M.P.S. Heart of Texas Bowl. The 2015 Lions repeated as conference champions and returned to the NCAA Division II playoffs for the first time in 20 years where they bowed out in the first round to the Ferris State Bulldogs. In the 2016 season the Lions reached new heights under Carthel as they finished their regular season 9-1, with their lone loss coming by a single point, 25-26, at home against then-7th-ranked","title":"Texas A&M–Commerce Lions football"},{"id":"4503904","text":"II Football Championship in Florence, Alabama. \"Fire Millen\" turned up in a background sign in the sports-oriented comic strip \"Gil Thorp\" on February 20, 2006 (\"Detroit News\" columnist Neal Rubin took over as the writer of \"Gil Thorp\" in 2004). The \"Fire Millen\" chant returned in force to Ford Field during the second half of the 2006 Thanksgiving Day game between the Detroit Lions and the Miami Dolphins, when former Lions quarterback and first round pick Joey Harrington (often a scapegoat for the Lions problems) led the Dolphins to a 27-10 victory over the Lions, dropping the Lions' record to","title":"Matt Millen"},{"id":"16190077","text":"Crosby. For their annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted the Houston Texans. The Lions got on the board early when Mikel Leshoure ran in a touchdown from 2 yards out. The score sea-sawed in the second quarter, with each team scoring a pair of touchdowns. First, the Texans' Arian Foster rushed in a touchdown from 6 yards out. The Lions responded with a 5-yard touchdown run from Mike Foster. Houston's Owen Daniels then caught a 9-yard touchdown pass from Matt Schaub. The Lions' Calvin Johnson then caught a 22-yard touchdown pass. After halftime, Detroit's Jason Hanson kicked a 46-yard","title":"2012 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19807855","text":"three minutes Drew Brees and the Saints offense rallied back to tie the game 31–31 with 1:05 left in the fourth. In overtime, Saint's kicker Wil Lutz kicked the game-winning field goal from 28 yards away, handing the Redskins their most devastating loss of the season. NFL on Thanksgiving Day With the loss, the Redskins are out of the playoffs for the second time in a row. 2017 Washington Redskins season The 2017 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 86th season in the National Football League and the fourth under head coach Jay Gruden. The Redskins lost seven of the","title":"2017 Washington Redskins season"},{"id":"19012391","text":"Midwestern State. Another trip to the postseason produced the program's first playoff win since 1991, over Colorado-Mesa, but the team would again bow out before the title game as they fell on the road to top-seeded Grand Valley State. The 2017 season would see another great performance for the Lions, as once again their lone loss was on the road against highly-ranked Midwestern State. This season, however, their postseason fortunes would improve as a road matchup against the top-seeded Central Washington Wildcats saw the Lions trailing 28-7 at halftime, but a ferocious comeback would produce a 34-31 double-overtime win and","title":"Texas A&M–Commerce Lions football"},{"id":"9131692","text":"for Thanksgiving), the calls for Detroit and Dallas to be removed have curtailed. \"Of current NFL franchises. This includes American Football League (AFL) games; however, it does not include All-America Football Conference (AAFC) games.\" The last currently active franchise to have never played on Thanksgiving through is the Jacksonville Jaguars, who joined the league in . An idiosyncrasy in the NFL's current scheduling formula, which has been in effect in its basic form since 2002, effectively prevented teams from the AFC North from playing the Lions or Cowboys on Thanksgiving, as the formula had the AFC North playing in Dallas","title":"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"},{"id":"8252240","text":"Saints. New Orleans won 30–27 when Saints quarterback Drew Brees threw a go-ahead touchdown to Lance Moore with less than two minutes remaining. In the prime-time NFL Network game, the New York Jets defeated the visiting Cincinnati Bengals, 26–10. Both the Saints and Bengals made their first appearance in a Thanksgiving game; in the case of the Bengals, it also marked the first appearance of an AFC North team on Thanksgiving since 1998, when the Pittsburgh Steelers of what was known as the AFC Central played the Detroit Lions. Additionally, since Christmas Day fell on a Saturday in 2010, the","title":"2010 NFL season"},{"id":"19807774","text":"catch in the red zone to set up Aldrick Rosas kicked the game winning field goal in OT to improve the Giants to 2-8. This was the Giants first home win of the season. Eli Manning made his 209th consecutive start at quarterback, passing Peyton Manning for 2nd in NFL history, only trailing Brett Favre (297). NFL on Thanksgiving Day The Giants offense struggled the entire game and was held to only one first down in the second half. The Giants dropped to 2-9 and were eliminated from playoff contention on the following Sunday after the Panthers defeated the Jets","title":"2017 New York Giants season"},{"id":"1807689","text":"as a receivers coach, was promoted to the top job, and got instant results with a huge 51–4 win over the Argos in the second of back-to-back games. Despite a promising start, the Lions only won one of their next five games to sit at 5–9 on Thanksgiving. Nevertheless, the Lions came together when it counted the most, winning three of their last four heading into the playoffs, and the offence gelling to become the best in the CFL that season. Quarterback Damon Allen broke Ron Lancaster's CFL record for career passing yardage. Lui Passaglia played in a memorable, \"Luv","title":"BC Lions"},{"id":"15002602","text":"in a 54–24 victory over the Buffalo Bills, he had 12 receptions for 159 receiving yards and two touchdowns. On Thanksgiving Day, during Week 12 against the Dallas Cowboys, Allen finished with 172 receiving yards and a touchdown as the Chargers won 28-6. It was the first time the Chargers played on Thanksgiving since 1969. In Week 13, Allen became the first player in NFL history to record three consecutive games of 10+ catches, 100+ receiving yards, and at least one touchdown. On December 19, 2017, Allen was named to his first Pro Bowl. Allen finished the season, his first","title":"Keenan Allen"},{"id":"107949","text":"Matt Shepard with play-by-play, Rob Rubick and Nate Burleson with color commentary, and FOX2's Jennifer Hammond with sideline reports. Wraparound shows and preseason games are produced by Fox Sports Detroit which also airs replays of the broadcasts. Regular season games are broadcast regionally on Fox, except when the Lions play an AFC team in Detroit, in which case the game airs regionally on CBS. The Thanksgiving Day game in Detroit is always televised nationally on either Fox (odd-numbered years) or CBS(even-numbered years). The Detroit Lions were the last NFC team to play on NBC's Sunday Night Football since the network","title":"Detroit Lions"},{"id":"16977567","text":"Lions on Thanksgiving to sit at 5-6-1, threatening to miss the postseason for the first time since 2008. The Packers then rallied to beat the Falcons 22-21 to even their record at 6-6-1. The following week, the Packers defeated the Dallas Cowboys 37-36 in Dallas after they had trailed 26-3 at halftime. The comeback was the largest in franchise history. The Packers would then lose a shootout with the Pittsburgh Steelers 38-31 at home to sit at 7-7-1, the first meeting between the teams since Super Bowl XLV. The following week, the Packers defeated the Chicago Bears 33-28 at Soldier","title":"2013 Green Bay Packers season"},{"id":"16977594","text":"They followed that up with a 20-yard TD pass to Kevin Ogletree, which extended their lead 40-10. The Packers tried to rally with a 56-yard pass to James Jones, but Matt Flynn fumbled the snap on the next play, and Detroit recovered and ran out the clock. This loss marked Matthew Stafford's first career win against the Packers. It also snapped the Lions' 10-year losing streak on Thanksgiving Day. With the loss, the Packers fell to 5–6–1. After the heart-numbing loss to the Detroit Lions on Thanksgiving Day, the Packers returned to snowy Lambeau Field to take on the 3-9","title":"2013 Green Bay Packers season"},{"id":"11331740","text":"in 6 straight games won. On Thanksgiving Day, during Week 12 against the Lions, Keenum finished with 282 passing yards and 2 touchdowns as the Vikings won 30–23. He was named the NFC Offensive Player of the Month for November after passing for 866 yards with 7 touchdowns and just 2 interceptions. In 15 games (14 starts) of 2017, Keenum finished with 3,547 passing yards, 22 touchdowns, 7 interceptions, and a passer rating of 98.3. The Vikings finished the 2017 season with a 13–3 record, clinching the NFC North Division. In the NFC Divisional Round against the New Orleans Saints,","title":"Case Keenum"},{"id":"19820546","text":"from Gano. The Lions responded with 14 points in the fourth quarter via two touchdown receptions from Matthew Stafford to Darren Fells, from four-yards and 20-yards respectively, making the final score 27–24 in favor of Carolina. Detroit's loss dropped them to 2nd in the NFC North, as the Packers beat the Cowboys later in the day to move to 4–1. In week 6, the Lions visited the New Orleans Saints. The Saints opened the scoring in the first quarter via a fumble recovery in the end zone by Kenny Vaccaro. The Lions responded with a 45-yard touchdown pass from Matthew","title":"2017 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"9861988","text":"37-13. The team's wild ride through the 2011 season continued as they hosted the defending champion Packers on Thanksgiving, but the latter proved more than they could handle. Ndamukong Suh was ejected from the game after stomping on the arm of Evan Dietrich-Smith, a back-up guard assigned to block Suh, enhancing his reputation as a dirty player. This earned him a 3-game suspension as the Lions headed to New Orleans in Week 13. The game was flexed into SNF, and although they played well, discipline problems continued to mount as several costly penalties gave the Saints the win. Heading back","title":"History of the Detroit Lions"},{"id":"14140317","text":"2010 Detroit Lions season The 2010 Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 81st season in the NFL. It was Jim Schwartz's second season as head coach. The Lions spent most of the season at the bottom of their division, but with more division wins than the Vikings (whose overall record was the same), the Lions ended up at 3rd place on the final day of the season with a victory over that team. They were eliminated from playoff contention after their Thanksgiving Day loss, extending their postseason drought to 11 seasons, tied with Buffalo for the longest active streak in","title":"2010 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"12844549","text":"to running back Frank Gore, yet Green Bay's defense would prevent any further progress. With the win, the Packers improved to 6–4. Coming off their win over the 49ers, the Packers flew to Ford Field for a Week 12 Thanksgiving duel with their NFC North rival, the Detroit Lions. Green Bay would trail in the first quarter as wide receiver Jordy Nelson fumbled on the game's opening kickoff, which allowed Lions quarterback Matthew Stafford to find wide receiver Calvin Johnson. The Packers would answer in the second quarter as quarterback Aaron Rodgers completed a 7-yard touchdown pass to tight end","title":"2009 Green Bay Packers season"},{"id":"17084795","text":"on Monday night. There were games played on Thursday, including the National Football League Kickoff game in prime time on September 8 and games on Thanksgiving Day. The regular season concluded with a full slate of 16 games on Sunday, January 1, 2017, all of which were intra-divisional matchups, as it has been since . Under the NFL's current scheduling formula, each team played each of the other three teams in its own division twice. In addition, a team played against all four teams in one other division from each conference. The final two games on a team's schedule were","title":"2016 NFL season"},{"id":"19127917","text":"the win. With the loss, the Texans fell to 4–3. The Texans rebounded from their dismal Monday Night performance and never trailed in their first matchup against the Detroit Lions since Houston's Thanksgiving 2012 win in OT. With the win, the Texans entered the Week 9 bye at 5-3. The Texans got their first road win of the season and their first winning streak since Weeks 1–2, improving to 6–3. NFL International Series Following their first road win of the season the previous week, the Texans traveled to Mexico City to face the Oakland Raiders in what would be a","title":"2016 Houston Texans season"},{"id":"12848877","text":"a 25 yarder. The Packers scored 2 touchdowns in the 3rd quarter. First a 7-yard catch by Donald Driver, then a 21-yard catch by James Jones. The Lions picked up a safety when the Packers Ryan Grant had his left arm down before he fumbled the ball in their own end zone in the fourth quarter. They then kicked a 22-yard field goal. The Packers sealed their win when Charles Woodson intercepted a Stafford pass and ran it back 38 yards for a touchdown. The Thanksgiving Day losing streak for the Lions is now six, the longest in franchise history.","title":"2009 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"12324453","text":"1976 Detroit Lions season The 1976 Detroit Lions season was the 47th season in franchise history. After the first four games of the season, Rick Forzano resigned under pressure of owner William Clay Ford, and was replaced by one time BYU head coach and Lions assistant Tommy Hudspeth. In spite of a stellar season by quarterback Greg Landry, that year's NFL Comeback Player Of The Year, the team was still mired in mediocrity, fininsing 6–8. During the Thanksgiving Day game on November 25, O.J. Simpson of the Buffalo Bills set a record with the most rushing yards in one Thanksgiving","title":"1976 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19807749","text":"a miserable day, being sacked an astounding eight times. Six of those sacks came from an unknown Adrian Clayborn, who set the Falcons record for most sacks in one game. The Cowboys lost the game 27–7, dropping to 5–4. The Cowboys squandered a 9–7 halftime lead and allowed 30 unanswered points. This loss dropped them to 5–5 on the season and 0–2 without Elliott. NFL on Thanksgiving Day The Chargers dominated the Cowboys all game and only surrendered 6 points. With the loss, the Cowboys dropped to 5–6 on the season and 0–3 without Elliott. This would be their last","title":"2017 Dallas Cowboys season"},{"id":"15025737","text":"Shawn Jefferson. It was the last meaningful game Young ever played. He was deactivated for the team's Thanksgiving Day game a week later against the Houston Texans, as well as the next week's game against the Indianapolis Colts. On December 5, the Lions placed Young on injured reserve, ending his season. To express his frustration, Young tweeted about not wanting to play anymore if he did not get the ball. A little more than a month later, on February 4, the Lions released Young. On February 5, 2013, Young was claimed off waivers by the St. Louis Rams. The Rams","title":"Titus Young"},{"id":"16187275","text":"but the Texans got the better edge of it when Justin Forsett ran for a controversial touchdown from deep in the Texans' territory. With their 2nd-straight overtime victory, the Texans improved to 10–1, 1–0 on Thanksgiving, and 2–1 against the Lions all-time. Mikel Leshore of Detroit struck first to make it 7-0. In the 2nd, Arian Foster scored to make it 7-7. Mike Thomas caught to make it 14-7 Detroit. Matt Schaub then hit Owen Daniels to make it 14-14. 2 plays later Calvin Johnson caught it to make it 21-14 Lions at the half. Jason Hanson made one to","title":"2012 Houston Texans season"},{"id":"4639850","text":"Network package that season, with the exception of , when the Cowboys played the Green Bay Packers on week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The Cowboys and Detroit Lions were ineligible for appearing on the NFL Network, due to hosting Thanksgiving games every year. However, the Cowboys played a Thursday night game at the Chicago Bears in 2014, one week after both teams played on Thanksgiving, while the Lions hosted a Thursday night game against the Packers in 2015, one week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The \"one Thursday game per team\" rule does not include the Kickoff Game, so","title":"National Football League on television"},{"id":"19820566","text":"a touchdown from five-yards out to give the Lions a 17–16 lead. However, Cincinnati regained the lead when they added ten more points with a 51-yard field goal from Bullock and a 12-yard touchdown run from Giovani Bernard to make the final score 26–17 in favor of the Bengals. With the loss, the Lions were eliminated from playoff contention. To finish the season, the Lions hosted a rematch with their divisional rivals, the Green Bay Packers, on New Year's Eve. The teams exchanged field goals in the first quarter, one from Green Bay's Mason Crosby from 41-yards, and one from","title":"2017 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"9131693","text":"or Detroit in years when the other team was slated to play the AFC game on Thanksgiving. These teams, under the television contracts in place at the time, could only play in the third (night) game. With the changes in the scheduling practices in 2014, the division is no longer barred from participating in the game (since both CBS and Fox can choose teams from either conference; because of the idiosyncrasy, the AFC North team would, if chosen, always play on Fox). In practice, the changes have led to \"fewer\" AFC games, as the league has regularly scheduled the Lions'","title":"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"},{"id":"9642031","text":"week of the 2007 season (November 18–19). Packers defensive tackle Corey Williams was voted the GMC Defensive Player of the Week for games played on November 18–19. Williams posted four solo tackles, two sacks and two forced fumbles during the game. Coming off their home win over the Panthers, the Packers flew to Ford Field for a Week 12 Thanksgiving NFC North duel with the Detroit Lions. Lions kicker Jason Hanson completed a 47-yard field goal, and followed it with a 41-yarder to give the Lions a 6–0 lead after the first quarter. Brett Favre started the second quarter with","title":"2007 Green Bay Packers season"},{"id":"7174467","text":"of their final 8 games to finish the season with a 7–9 record, and Caldwell retained his job. In 2016, Caldwell's third season in Detroit, the Lions improved to a 9–7 record and lost to the Packers in a Week 17 game that determined the winner of NFC North. The Lions clinched another wild card berth, but lost in the first round to the Seattle Seahawks, 26–6. The Lions went 9–7 again in 2017, in a season widely considered a disappointment despite the Lions' winning record. After the Lions missed the playoffs following a mediocre performance in the second half","title":"Jim Caldwell (American football)"},{"id":"19295203","text":"65–43, and arch-rival Tarleton State 22–20. The Lions rounded out the season by dropping a close loss to the Angelo State Rams 25–20, bouncing back against Division I Houston Baptist Huskies 55–21, and ending the season with a last second 42–35 loss to Eastern New Mexico. Despite the late season loss, the Lions were invited to the 2013 LiveUnited Texarkana Bowl to finish the season 7–5 overall and fifth in the conference. Carthel's 2014 A&M–Commerce squad led the nation in points per game with an average of 54.1, and yards per game with an average of 535.4. They opened the","title":"Colby Carthel"},{"id":"19820550","text":"Boswell, and a 97-yard touchdown pass from Ben Roethlisberger to JuJu Smith-Schuster. The Lions responded with a 19-yard field goal from Prater in the fourth quarter, making the final score 20–15 in favor of Pittsburgh. The Lions had 482 total yards of offense without scoring a touchdown. This was the third-highest yardage total without a touchdown in NFL history. In week 9, the Lions visited their divisional rival, the Green Bay Packers, on \"Monday Night Football\". The Lions took an early lead on their opening drive of the first quarter, which they kept the rest of the game, via a","title":"2017 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"9787426","text":"a fumble, which was recovered by DeJon Gomes in a Week 12 win against the Dallas Cowboys on Thanksgiving. In 2013, Wilson had a particularly poor performance against the San Francisco 49ers, where he lost several times to Anquan Boldin and Vernon Davis in one-on-one coverage. On April 8, 2014, Wilson signed with the Atlanta Falcons on a one-year contract. On April 3, 2015, Wilson signed a one-year contract with the Detroit Lions. Wilson's father, Tim Wilson, played in the NFL for eight years, mostly for the Houston Oilers. He was best friends with the legendary Earl Campbell, whom Josh","title":"Josh Wilson (American football)"},{"id":"9317163","text":"game ended in a 26–26 tie. On November 27, 2013, it was announced that Flynn would be the starting quarterback for the Thanksgiving game against the Detroit Lions. Flynn struggled, only completing 10 of 20 attempts for 139 yards with one interception and two fumbles. He was sacked 7 times, including one in the end zone for a safety. The Packers lost 40–10. On December 15, 2013, Flynn led the Packers from a 26–3 deficit against the Cowboys at halftime to come out with a 37–36 victory. He led five consecutive touchdown drives in the 2nd half, and threw for","title":"Matt Flynn"},{"id":"9861955","text":"of the season and retired his number. In 1972, the Lions improved to 8–5–1 and then dropped back to 6-7-1 the following year. Heart disease claimed another member of the franchise when head coach Don McCafferty died shortly before the 1974 training camp. That season saw the Lions finish at 7–7. On Thanksgiving Day, November 28, 1974, after over 35 years, the Lions played their final game in Tiger Stadium, where they lost to the Denver Broncos 31–27 in front of 51,157, amidst snow flurries and a 21–point Broncos 3rd quarter. The Lions moved to the newly constructed Silverdome and","title":"History of the Detroit Lions"},{"id":"7691831","text":"the school's Athletic Director, Kosloff was a successful head coach in Boys' Soccer and Swimming. He has also coached baseball and basketball. In 2006, Kosloff was voted Athletic Director of the Year by the Olympic Conference. The Lions have played their home football games at the township stadium, Jonas C. Morris Stadium, which they have shared with Cherry Hill High School East. Annually, the Lions face their cross town rival the Cherry Hill East Cougars on Thanksgiving morning, a rivalry described by \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\" as \"one of the best in South Jersey\", in which the winner of the contest","title":"Cherry Hill High School West"},{"id":"18496770","text":"touchdowns in a season within the first two years of a career since 2009 (Fred Davis). On November 24, 2016, Crowder caught eight passes for 88 yards against the Dallas Cowboys. On December 4, 2016, Crowder caught three passes for 42 yards and a touchdown against the Arizona Cardinals. Crowder caught a 26-yard touchdown, his seventh touchdown of the season. Crowder finished the season with 67 receptions for 847 yards and seven touchdowns. During \"Thursday Night Football\" against the New York Giants in Week 12 on Thanksgiving Day, Crowder finished with 141 receiving yards and a touchdown as the Redskins","title":"Jamison Crowder"},{"id":"12848887","text":"who finished 1–15, with their lone victory at Detroit’s expense in week 8. Matthew Stafford In the 2009 season, the Lions had four of their 8 home games televised on local TV. The Lions sold out their home opener against the Vikings, as well as a week 5 match up against the Steelers, the Thanksgiving Classic against Green Bay, and their season finale against the Bears. Both of the Lions wins in 2009 were blacked out on local television (the Detroit, Flint/Tri-Cities, Lansing/Jackson and Toledo markets) because the game didn't sell out by the 72-hour deadline. In the games that","title":"2009 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"4639849","text":"based in the Central Time Zone, play against either the Raiders or Chargers; the Rams, who were based in St. Louis until , played against the 49ers in ; though the Arizona Cardinals are based in the Mountain Time Zone, they effectively observe Pacific Daylight Time until the first weekend of November due to not observing Daylight saving time, and played at the St. Louis Rams early in the 2012 season; the Raiders played at the Dallas Cowboys on Thanksgiving in 2013. Until 2014, teams that played on Thanksgiving in a given year typically did not appear on the NFL","title":"National Football League on television"},{"id":"17469341","text":"visitors to give them the lead with 30 minutes to go. They held on to open the tour with an unconvincing 13–7 victory. The next match was four days later against the Blues, an Auckland-based Super Rugby franchise. The Lions led 16–15 with 10 minutes remaining before a Sonny Bill Williams break and offload to Ihaia West led to the match-winning try. A try-less 12–3 victory over the Crusaders in Christchurch followed, this was the first time the Crusaders had lost in 2017. It was another close game against the Highlanders as Marty Banks from the Otago-based side kicked the","title":"2017 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand"},{"id":"9131680","text":"two teams were also exploring the possibility of a merger at the time.) Because of the looming World War II and the resulting shorter seasons, the NFL did not schedule any Thanksgiving games in 1941, nor did it schedule any in the subsequent years until the war ended in 1945. When the Thanksgiving games resumed in 1945, only the Lions' annual home game would remain on the Thanksgiving holiday. In 1951, the Packers began a thirteen-season run as the perpetual opponent to the Lions each year through 1963. The All-America Football Conference and American Football League, both of which would","title":"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"},{"id":"9131689","text":"his team hosting a game on the holiday. When the NFL adopted a third, prime time game, the Chiefs were selected as the first team to host such a contest, but the team was not made a permanent host, and Hunt's death shortly after the 2006 contest ended the lobbying on behalf of that team. The host issue came to a head in 2008, focusing particularly on the winless Lions. Going into the game, Detroit had lost their last four Thanksgiving games, and opinions amongst the media had suggested removing Detroit and replacing them with a more attractive matchup. The","title":"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"},{"id":"11788973","text":"by the Lions in a trade for Doug Nott on November 4, 1935, scored two touchdowns for the Lions. Ebding added another. Dutch Clark kicked two extra points. The game was attended by 14,000 spectators at University of Detroit Stadium. In week 10, the Lions played the Chicago Bears to a 20–20 tie at Wrigley Field. The Bears' Bill Karr caught three touchdown passes in the game. The Lions' touchdowns were scored by Dutch Clark, Bill Shepherd and Klewicki. For their 11th game, the Lions played the Bears on Thanksgiving Day in Detroit. Dutch Clark scored two touchdowns as the","title":"1935 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19127874","text":"Redskins shut out the Vikings 12-0 in the second half, improving to 5-3-1 on the season. The Redskins avenged their 35–18 loss to the Packers in the wildcard round of last season's playoffs by beating them 42–24. They also were the last team to beat the Packers, as they went on a 6-game winning streak to finish the season. Thanksgiving Day game An attempted rally by the offense did not pay off. The Redskins dropped to 6–4–1 and were swept by the Cowboys for the first time since 2013. Kirk Cousins attempted to drive down the field but was intercepted","title":"2016 Washington Redskins season"},{"id":"16741834","text":"against the Cleveland Browns, Tucker continued his success as an accurate kicker for the Ravens. He kicked the game-winning field goal in overtime against the Cincinnati Bengals, letting the Ravens win 20-17. He was named AFC Special Teams Player of the Month for November. On Thanksgiving, Tucker kicked five field goals en route to the Ravens' 22–20 win against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was also selected as the player of the game along with Jacoby Jones by John Madden. He brought his holder, Sam Koch and long snapper, Morgan Cox, to accept the award on screen with him. In 2013,","title":"Justin Tucker"},{"id":"14155819","text":"over. Green-Ellis and Woodhead were huge in the run game as the Patriots ran for 134 yards as a team. With the win, the Patriots improved to 8–2. Coming off their win over the Colts, the Patriots flew to Ford Field, donned their throwback uniforms, and played a Week 12 Thanksgiving game with the Detroit Lions. After the first three possessions of the game ended in punts, the struck first blood, driving all the way to the Lions 2-yard line, but could only muster a 19-yard field goal by Shayne Graham. The Lions countered, driving 71 yards in 11 plays,","title":"2010 New England Patriots season"},{"id":"9275640","text":"creation. The Detroit Lions have hosted a game every Thanksgiving Day from 1934 to 1938 and again every year since 1945. In 1966, the Dallas Cowboys, who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. The league added a third game in prime time in 2006, which aired on the NFL Network, then moved to NBC in 2012. The third game has no set site or team, providing an opportunity for all teams in the league to host a Thanksgiving game in the future. For college football teams that participate in the highest level (all","title":"Thanksgiving (United States)"},{"id":"9131686","text":"carry an AFC team; by 2018, the last vestiges of conference ties to the Thanksgiving games were eliminated (in practice, games on Fox remain all-NFC contests). Since teams playing on Thanksgiving have worn throwback uniforms on numerous occasions. In some years (namely 2002), it extended to nearly all games of the weekend, and in some cases also involved classic field logos at the respective stadiums. In 2001–2004, and again in 2008, 2010, and 2017 the Detroit Lions have worn throwback uniforms based on their very early years. From 2001 to 2003, Dallas chose to represent the 1990s Cowboys dynasty by","title":"NFL on Thanksgiving Day"},{"id":"14822518","text":"game at 12:30 pm EST, marking the Packers' 21st Thanksgiving game in Detroit. The Raiders visited the Cowboys in the late afternoon game at 3:30 pm CST. The evening game featured the defending Super Bowl champion Ravens hosting their AFC North rival Steelers at 8:30 pm EST. Controversy erupted during the third quarter of the Thanksgiving night game between the Steelers and Ravens, as Steelers head coach Mike Tomlin found himself in the path of Ravens returner Jacoby Jones during a Ravens kickoff return. Tomlin was watching the play on the stadium's big screen and was thus facing away from","title":"2013 NFL season"},{"id":"19119361","text":"Jr. The Lions' attempted comeback failed when Matthew Stafford was picked off by Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie in the end-zone for a touchback with 2:09 left in the game, losing 17–6, and snapping their five-game winning streak. In week 16, the Lions flew southwest to play the Dallas Cowboys on \"Monday Night Football\". The Cowboys opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 21-yard touchdown pass from Dak Prescott to Brice Butler. The Lions responded with a 7-yard touchdown run from Zach Zenner. The Cowboys regained the lead via a 55-yard touchdown run from Ezekiel Elliott. The Lions scored 14 points","title":"2016 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"19122899","text":"Cowboys. The defense—which had only 13 sacks going into this game—managed to get eight in this game alone, as Cody Kessler and Josh McCown each got sacked four times. Thanksgiving Day game After winning over the Browns, the Steelers traveled further west to take on the Colts in a rematch of 2015's 45–10 blowout win. The Steelers struck first in the first quarter when Le'Veon Bell ran for a 5-yard touchdown to take a 7–0 lead. This would be followed by Ben Roethlisberger finding Antonio Brown on a 25-yard touchdown pass later on in the quarter to make it 14–0.","title":"2016 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"id":"15651639","text":"tour during the game. Murray came off the bench during the second test against Australia to win his first cap for the Lions on 29 June 2013. He also came off the bench during the Lions third test victory, a win which secured the series win for the Lions. In April 2017, Murray was selected in the British and Irish Lions squad for the 2017 tour to New Zealand, his second Lions call-up. On 10 June 2017, Murray made his first appearance and start for the Lions on the tour, doing so in the match against the Crusaders in AMI","title":"Conor Murray"},{"id":"16187274","text":"won the game. In overtime, both teams made field goals to make it 37-37. Jacksonville had a chance to win after Houston threw an interception but they couldn't convert 4th down. With 2:10 left in overtime, Schuab threw a 48-yard touchdown pass to Andre Johnson to win 43-37. With the win, the Texans improved to 9–1 as the team swept the Jaguars. Thanksgiving Day game (2012 Detroit Lions season) After defeating the Jaguars at home in overtime, the Texans traveled to Detroit to play in their first ever Thanksgiving Day game. Many touchdowns were scored between both of the teams,","title":"2012 Houston Texans season"},{"id":"9869326","text":"NFL history at the time. During the 2005 season the Falcons started 6–2, but injuries on defense caused them to finish the second half 2–6. Bright spots included the Falcons ending their Monday Night Football jinx by going 3–0, and on Thursday, November 24, the Falcons played on Thanksgiving Day for the first time in franchise history, beating the Detroit Lions 27–7. On the next-to-last game of the regular season, the Falcons were eliminated from playoff contention with a 27–24 overtime loss against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The Falcons finished 8–8 and once again failed to attain back-to-back winning seasons.","title":"History of the Atlanta Falcons"},{"id":"20468462","text":"Night Football\" and week two on ESPN's \"Monday Night Football\". Weeks ten to twelve saw three consecutive games against NFC North opponents, marking the Bears' first three-game divisional stretch since 2007. The second match of the slate, week eleven against the Vikings, was initially scheduled for Sunday afternoon before being flexed to \"Sunday Night Football\". The following week's game against the Lions was played on Thanksgiving Day, making the Bears the first team since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970 to play a Thursday afternoon game after playing on Sunday night. Through this stretch they managed to win 3 division games","title":"2018 Chicago Bears season"},{"id":"8724390","text":"finally get on the board with kicker Jason Hanson nailing a 32-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, even though Detroit would get a 2-yard TD run by RB Arlen Harris, Arizona’s defense held the Lions long enough for the win. With the loss, Detroit would fall to 2–8. \"at Ford Field, Detroit, Michigan\" Trying to snap their two-game losing streak, the Lions went home for their match-up against the Miami Dolphins in the annual Thanksgiving Day game. In the first quarter, the Lions started off strong with QB Jon Kitna completing a 2-yard TD pass to TE Dan Campbell,","title":"2006 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"17736598","text":"Vincent Jackson, both of whom are , the defensive backs are accustomed to such disadvantages in practice. Rushing-wise, Tampa was struggling productively, being ranked 28th, and had the NFL's second-least carries, and averaged only 3.2 yards on first down. ESPN, Yahoo!, \"USA Today\", Fox Sports, and CBS Sports' majority panels predicted a Bears victory. Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott and Chris Williams were inactive. The Buccaneers won the coin toss, but decided to kickoff. After the Bears went three-and-out, Marcus Thigpen muffed the ensuing punt, but recovered. The Bears played their first Thanksgiving","title":"2014 Chicago Bears season"},{"id":"11621678","text":"Lions passing attack erupted to 351 yards and three touchdowns. The Bills fell behind 21-7 but clawed to within 28-21 in the fourth quarter, but Jim Kelly was intercepted by Willie Clay and Clay ran back the 28-yard touchdown that clinched the win for the Lions 35-21. Barry Sanders managed only 45 rushing yards and one touchdown. A glorious Thanksgiving Day for the Lions. The Lions and Packers squared off in a highly competitive contest as the game lead tied once and changed six times following the first quarter and a 14-3 Packers lead. Barry Sanders broke out 188 rushing","title":"1994 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"6553505","text":"able to compete for the national championship should they qualify. (The establishment of the Celebration Bowl for historically black schools allowed the Turkey Day Classic to resume; it will be held against conference rival Mississippi Valley State in 2018.) Another popular black college football classic played on Thanksgiving weekend is the Bayou Classic between Grambling State University and Southern University, which is held the Saturday after Thanksgiving; for the 2017 season only, because of a hurricane earlier in the season, the Labor Day Classic between Texas Southern and Prairie View A&M was played on Thanksgiving weekend, and the two teams","title":"American football on Thanksgiving"},{"id":"10379949","text":"game in Canada to strengthen his club's fan base in Ontario. The game in Toronto was on December 7, after the end of the 2008 CFL season, against the Miami Dolphins; Miami won 16–3. CBS televised both games regionally; the Toronto game was carried across Canada on Rogers Sportsnet and City TV. The traditional Thanksgiving Day games were held on November 27, with the Detroit Lions hosting the Tennessee Titans at 12:30 PM EST on CBS (with the then 10–1 Titans handily defeating the then 0–11 Lions by a 47–10 score), and the Dallas Cowboys’ home game following suit on","title":"2008 NFL season"},{"id":"19262482","text":"No. 4 Michigan but finished the regular season on a 9–game winning streak, including a pivotal 4th-quarter comeback victory over #2 Ohio State that led to Penn State receiving a Top-25 national ranking for the first time since 2011. Penn State added a Big Ten Championship with a comeback win over #6 Wisconsin to close out the season. The Nittany Lions were led by sophomore duo quarterback Trace McSorley and 1,000+ yard rusher Saquon Barkley and junior wide receiver Chris Godwin. They came into the game 11–2 (8–1 Big Ten), a big improvement from the last two seasons under head","title":"2017 Rose Bowl"},{"id":"11036380","text":"team, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, 35–7. CBS televised this game on a regional basis as the Patriots were the \"visiting\" team. The Thanksgiving Day games were contested on Thursday, November 26, 2009. On Fox, Green Bay won over Detroit, 34–12. The Dallas Cowboys defeated the Oakland Raiders, 24–7 on CBS, and in the prime time NFL Network game, the Denver Broncos were victorious over the New York Giants, 26–6. The second regular-season game of the Bills Toronto Series, in which the Buffalo Bills play in the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, was played December 3 on Thursday Night Football, with","title":"2009 NFL season"},{"id":"19820561","text":"Ravens responded with 24 points in the fourth quarter via a seven-yard touchdown run from Alex Collins, a 51-yard field goal from Tucker, a six-yard touchdown run from Collins, and a 45-yard interception return from Eric Weddle. The Lions scored via a one-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Nick Bellore, making the final score 44–20 in favor of Baltimore. In week 14, the Lions visited the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Each team exchanged touchdowns in the first quarter. First a two-yard touchdown run from Detroit's Theo Riddick, then a one-yard touchdown run from Tampa Bay's Doug Martin. The only score","title":"2017 Detroit Lions season"},{"id":"15209731","text":"the Packers flew to Ford Field for a Week 12 Thanksgiving duel with their NFC North foe, the Detroit Lions. After a scoreless first quarter, Green Bay delivered the game's opening punch in the second quarter with quarterback Aaron Rodgers finding wide receiver Greg Jennings on a 3-yard touchdown pass. The Packers added to their lead in the third quarter with a 1-yard touchdown run from fullback John Kuhn, followed by Rodgers connecting with wide receiver James Jones on a 65-yard touchdown pass and a 35-yard field goal from kicker Mason Crosby. The Lions answered in the fourth quarter with","title":"2011 Green Bay Packers season"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"19119352\",\n \"text\": \"a 43-yard field goal with 22 seconds left in the game. On the final drive for the Jaguars, Tavon Wilson intercepted a pass from Bortles, sealing the Lions 26–19 victory. The Lions became the first team in NFL history to have its first ten games of a season all decided by seven or fewer points. Thanksgiving Day game For their annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted a rematch with division rival the Minnesota Vikings, with both teams coming into the game at 6–4 and the winner gaining first place in the NFC North. The Lions opened the scoring in\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18397368\",\n \"text\": \"Percy Harvin in 2011 for the longest non-scoring play in NFL history. The 18–13 win over the visiting Raiders gave the Lions their first back–to–back victories of the season. The Lions became the first team in NFL history to score exactly 18 points in consecutive games. Thanksgiving Day game Celebrating their 76th Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions routed the Eagles for their third consecutive win. Matthew Stafford threw five touchdown passes, three of them to Calvin Johnson. Having lost at Ford Field for the first time, the Eagles dropped to 6–1 when playing on Thanksgiving. Despite the Lions leading the\",\n \"title\": \"2015 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820557\",\n \"text\": \"the win, the Lions won all of their division games on the road in a season for the first time in franchise history. \\\"See also NFL on Thanksgiving Day\\\" For their annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted a rematch with their divisional rival, the Minnesota Vikings. The Vikings scored 13 points in the first quarter via a one-yard touchdown pass from Case Keenum to Kyle Rudolph, and a nine-yard touchdown run from Keenum. The Lions responded with 10 points in the second quarter via a 32-yard field goal from Matt Prater and a six-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19119357\",\n \"text\": \"decided by more than seven points. The Lions defense held Saints quarterback Drew Brees without a touchdown pass, ending a streak of 60 straight home games in which Brees threw for at least one touchdown. Further, the Lions won a road game following their Thanksgiving Day game for the first time since 1974, ending a streak of 22 losses in such games. In one stretch during the first half, Matthew Stafford completed 14 consecutive passes, a Lions franchise record. In week 14, the Lions returned home for a rematch with division rival the Chicago Bears, who defeated the Lions in\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820559\",\n \"text\": \"36-yard field goal from Kai Forbath. The Lions' attempted comeback failed when Stafford's pass intended for Jones was intercepted by Xavier Rhodes. On the Vikings' ensuing drive, Forbath's 25-yard field goal attempt was blocked by Darius Slay and recovered by Nevin Lawson and returned for a 77-yard touchdown, which was then nullified due to an offside penalty on Slay, making the final score 30–23 in favor of Minnesota, snapping the Lions' three-game winning streak and snapping the team's four-game Thanksgiving Day win streak. In week 13, the Lions visited the Baltimore Ravens. The Ravens opened the scoring in the first\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16977523\",\n \"text\": \"their divisional rivals). At the end of Week 10, the Lions were in first place in their division following their first win at Soldier Field since 2007. With their Thanksgiving Day win over the Green Bay Packers, the Lions not only won their first Thanksgiving Day game since 2003, but they also went undefeated in division home games for the first time since 1999. The Lions dropped to 3rd place after their loss to the Ravens in Week 15, and they were eliminated from postseason contention after their loss to the New York Giants six days later. They lost their\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19127730\",\n \"text\": \"time. Thanksgiving Day game In the traditional Thanksgiving game, the Cowboys hosted the Washington Redskins, who had just came off a victory against the Green Bay Packers. In a game of catch-up, the Redskins never led; however, they made a valiant effort in the fourth quarter to take the lead. The Cowboys held them off and won the game, thus extending their winning streak to ten games for the first time in franchise history. The Cowboys traveled to Minnesota to take on the struggling Vikings following their loss against the Detroit Lions on Thanksgiving. In a rather tightly contested game\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Dallas Cowboys season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14137382\",\n \"text\": \"also marked the 20th anniversary of the Bills and Redskins meeting in Super Bowl XXVI. The Detroit Lions hosted their first Monday Night Football game since 2001, when they faced the Bears on Columbus Day/Canadian Thanksgiving (the Detroit-Windsor market straddles the U.S.–Canada border). Detroit defeated Chicago 24–13 for the team's fifth straight win, the most Lions wins to start a season since the team's glory years in the 1950s, continuing a streak that has been seen as a pleasant surprise for Lions fans, after over a decade of mediocrity. The 2011 Thanksgiving Day slate featured the Super Bowl Champion Green\",\n \"title\": \"2011 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17736599\",\n \"text\": \"Day game in ten seasons against the Detroit Lions. The two rivals have played 15 games on Thanksgiving, with Chicago holding the lead 8–7, but the Bears have been 1–4 in their last five Thanksgiving Day games, the most recent win coming in 1993 against the Lions. The previous Thanksgiving game for the Bears was a 21–7 loss to the Dallas Cowboys in 2004. In the fourth quarter, the Bears attempted an onside kick, and recovered, their first successful onside kick since 2003. With the Detroit Lions' win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers three days later, the Bears were officially\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Chicago Bears season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20468576\",\n \"text\": \"regained the lead via a 19-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Kenny Golladay. Carolina then scored another touchdown via an eight-yard touchdown pass from Newton to D. J. Moore, but unsuccessfully attempted to take the lead with a failed two-point conversion, making the final score 20–19 in favor of Detroit. In week 12, the Lions donned retro-style uniforms and hosted a Thanksgiving Day rematch with their division rival the Chicago Bears. After a scoreless first quarter, the Lions got on the board first in the second quarter via a four-yard touchdown run by LeGarrette Blount. The Bears responded with\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19482165\",\n \"text\": \"16-13 victory over the Minnesota Vikings on Thanksgiving. On December 4, 2016, he played 21 defensive snaps (34%) during the Detroit Lions 28-13 victory against the New Orleans Saints. He finished the game with three solo tackles, a pass deflection, and intercepted Drew Brees for his first career interception. On September 10, 2017, in the Lions' season opening 35–23 victory over the Arizona Cardinals, Killebrew had a 35-yard interception return for a touchdown, which came off of quarterback Carson Palmer, in the fourth quarter. Killebrew was raised by his parents, Lisa and David Killebrew, in Henderson, Nevada. Killebrew and his\",\n \"title\": \"Miles Killebrew\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15204756\",\n \"text\": \"their victory with Kevin Smith's third touchdown of the game, this one on a 19-yard rush. By winning this game after trailing by 17 points, the Lions are the first team in NFL history that have won 3 games in one season in which they trailed by at least 17 points. For their annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted their NFC North Division rivals, the then-undefeated Green Bay Packers. After a scoreless first quarter, Detroit trailed in the second quarter after Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers completed a 3-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Greg Jennings. After halftime, Green Bay\",\n \"title\": \"2011 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19119354\",\n \"text\": \"the game. With 38 seconds left in the fourth quarter, Darius Slay intercepted a pass from Sam Bradford. Two plays later, Prater recorded a 40-yard field goal as time expired, giving the Lions a 16–13 win. The Lions have trailed in the fourth quarter of every game this season, and tied an NFL record for the most fourth quarter comeback wins in a season with seven, set by the 2009 Indianapolis Colts. The Lions extended their own NFL record of games to start a season being decided by seven points or fewer, now standing at eleven. After their Thanksgiving win,\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820553\",\n \"text\": \"occupied by Brett Favre, Dan Marino, and Peyton Manning. The game also marked the first time the Lions did not punt in a game since Thanksgiving Day in 1971. In week 10, the Lions hosted the winless Cleveland Browns. The Browns scored 10 points in the first quarter via a 23-yard field goal from Zane Gonzalez, and a 19-yard touchdown pass from DeShone Kizer to Kenny Britt. The Lions responded with a 46-yard field goal from Matt Prater. The Lions tied the game in the second quarter via an eight-yard touchdown run from Ameer Abdullah, and took their first lead\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9131690\",\n \"text\": \"team also required an extension to prevent a local television blackout. The Lions were routed by Tennessee 47–10, en route to the team's 0–16 season. NFL commissioner Roger Goodell confirmed that the Lions would stay on Thanksgiving for the 2009 season, but kept the issue open to revisit in the future. Conversely, the Dallas Cowboys, who typically represent a larger television draw, have had many fewer public calls to be replaced on Thanksgiving. One issue that has been debated is a perceived unfair advantage of playing at home on Thanksgiving. The advantage is given in the form of an extra\",\n \"title\": \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861991\",\n \"text\": \"started 4–4, then lost their last 8 games, their longest streak since 2008, to finish 4–12. This was the last season for PK Jason Hanson, the oldest then-active player in the NFL at 42 years old, who retired after the season ended. The 2013 season saw the team improve. By week 10, following their first win at Chicago since 2007, the team was in first place in the NFC North. In week 13, the team won their first Thanksgiving game since 2004 in a 40–10 whipping of Green Bay. However, the Lions had lost their previous two going into the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Detroit Lions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20468527\",\n \"text\": \"featured one practice and no film session, the Bears visited Ford Field to play the Lions for the second time in three weeks. Part of the NFL's Thanksgiving Day tradition, it was the 17th meeting between the two on the holiday; the Bears were 17–15–2 in total games played on Thanksgiving. With Trubisky out due to his shoulder injury, Chicago started Daniel at quarterback, his first regular season start since 2014 and third of his career. Tyler Bray was promoted from the practice squad to back up Daniel, which led to Marcus Cooper being released to make room for him\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Chicago Bears season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17736634\",\n \"text\": \"Blount, then an 8-yard catch by Tim Wright. New England's Stephen Gostkowski then kicked a 35-yard field goal to make the score 24–6 at halftime. The only score of the third quarter was a Patriots 35 yard field goal. In the final quarter, the Lions scored their third field goal, this one from 49 yards out. The Patriots capped their large victory with a 1-yard touchdown run from LeGarrette Blount. After a short week, the Lions hosted their division rivals the Chicago Bears for their 75th annual Thanksgiving Day Game. Detroit spotted Chicago a 14–3 first quarter lead, as Jay\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12848876\",\n \"text\": \"as Showtime's \\\"Inside the NFL\\\". The company's founder Steve Sabol said the Lions' game-winning drive was the most dramatic film he has seen in over 30 years. For their 70th annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted a rematch with division rivals the Green Bay Packers. Detroit got an early lead when Matthew Stafford threw a 1-yard TD pass to Calvin Johnson, the only Lions score of the first half. The Packers responded with a TD of their own, a 7-yard toss to Donald Lee. The Packers then kicked 2 field goals: first a 20 yarder and just before halftime\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9131707\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Thursday Night Football\\\" rights expired after the 2017 season, after which Fox won the bidding. The league then scheduled all three games in 2018 to feature NFC vs. NFC opponents, with CBS given the Chicago Bears as the Lions' opponent for the early game while Fox carries the Washington at Dallas late afternoon game. NBC still held the rights to the Thanksgiving night game, Atlanta Falcons at New Orleans Saints. (The same year, the league expanded its flexible scheduling policies to include days other than Sundays.) To date, the NFL has never assigned an AFC road game to Fox on\",\n \"title\": \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16977559\",\n \"text\": \"Despite three turnovers and a missed field goal in the first half, the Lions rebounded to dominate the Packers, earning their first win on Thanksgiving Day since 2003. After David Akers and Mason Crosby exchanged field goals, Green Bay took their first and only lead of the day in the second quarter when Nick Perry forced a Matthew Stafford fumble that Morgan Burnett returned for a 1-yard touchdown. Detroit tied the score at 10 after Stafford found Jeremy Ross in the end zone with a 5-yard TD pass. A 1-yard Reggie Bush TD run gave the Lions a 17–10 halftime\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14140338\",\n \"text\": \"from 4 yards out. Later, Jon Kitna sealed the Cowboys win with a 29-yard TD run. With the loss, not only did the Lions fall to 2–8, but they added to their already record setting 26 game road losing streak. For their 71st annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted the New England Patriots. In a rare occurrence, both teams wore the home versions of their throwback uniforms. The Patriots got on the board first with a 19-yard field goal by Shayne Graham. The Lions took the lead late in the first quarter with a 19-yard TD catch by Calvin\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16190079\",\n \"text\": \"kicked the game-winning field goal from 32-yards out. It was the Lions' ninth consecutive Thanksgiving loss. In week 13, the Lions hosted the Indianapolis Colts. They started the scoring when Jason Hanson kicked a 48-yard field goal. The Colts responded with a 17-yard touchdown catch by Donnie Avery from Andrew Luck. Detroit replied when Brandon Pettigrew caught a 16-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford, and added to their lead in the second quarter when Mikel Leshoure ran in a touchdown from 6 yards out. The Colts scored their only points of the second quarter when Coby Fleener caught a 26-yard\",\n \"title\": \"2012 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17736441\",\n \"text\": \"were shut out 31-0 in Week 5 against the Chargers). The loss snapped the Giants' 3 game winning streak as their overall record fell to 3-3. This was the first Sunday Night Football game held in MetLife Stadium following a one-season absence. With the loss, the Giants fell to 3-8, and were mathematically eliminated from playoff contention after the Lions defeated the Bears on Thanksgiving four days later. This game, however, is best known for an acrobatic one-handed catch by Odell Beckham Jr. early in the 2nd quarter that would go down as one of the greatest catches in NFL\",\n \"title\": \"2014 New York Giants season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9131694\",\n \"text\": \"and Cowboys' division rivals for the contests so that ratings are maximized; seven out of the ten Thanksgiving games involving the Lions or Cowboys since 2014 have involved a team in the same division, while only one (a 2017 contest between the Cowboys and Los Angeles Chargers) has involved the AFC. The Los Angeles Rams have the longest active appearance drought of any team, with their last appearance coming in 1975. Among current NFL markets, Cleveland has had the longest wait to have a team from its city play on Thanksgiving; the Browns last appeared in 1989, several years before\",\n \"title\": \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7129419\",\n \"text\": \"of hype surrounding the game, also due to the fact that these teams had met in the previous season's AFC Championship game, and would possibly meet later in the 2007 AFC Championship game. Many people dubbed the game \\\"Super Bowl 41\\\". The Patriots prevailed 24–20, and would later finish the regular season as the league's first 16–0 team. For the second year in a row, three games were also held on the United States' Thanksgiving Day (November 22). In addition to the traditional games hosted by the Detroit Lions and Cowboys (with those teams respectively playing the Green Bay Packers\",\n \"title\": \"2007 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8724370\",\n \"text\": \"Atlanta Falcons, who both finished with losing records. The Lions went 1–6 against teams that finished with a winning record. From weeks 10 to 16, the Lions embarked on a 7-game losing streak to sit at 2–13, but in week 17, the Lions conclude their season by stunning the Dallas Cowboys in Texas 39–31 – a loss that cost the Cowboys the NFC East. The lowest point of the season came in their Thanksgiving Day game against the Miami Dolphins. During the game, “Fire Millen” signs, which were a part of the Fire Millen movement in association with Lions GM\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4258618\",\n \"text\": \"time the Chargers played on Thanksgiving since 1969. His performance in Week 12 earned him AFC Offensive Player of the Week. On December 3, against the Cleveland Browns, the Chargers won 19–10 as Rivers had 344 passing yards and a touchdown. In the following game, against the Washington Redskins, he had 319 passing yards and two touchdowns as the Chargers won their fourth consecutive game. On December 16, he had 227 passing yards, one touchdown, and three interceptions as they lost to the Kansas City Chiefs by a score of 30–13. On December 19, 2017, Rivers was named to his\",\n \"title\": \"Philip Rivers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8252239\",\n \"text\": \"League season and the first time an NFC opponent played in the series. On the same day that the Broncos and 49ers played in London, the Saints hosted the Pittsburgh Steelers on NBC's Sunday Night Football. This game was televised opposite Game Four of the World Series on Fox, a practice the league had traditionally avoided. The Saints won this game 20–10. The Thanksgiving games took place on Thursday, November 25, 2010, with the Detroit Lions falling to the visiting New England Patriots, 45–24. The second game featured the Dallas Cowboys giving up a late lead to the New Orleans\",\n \"title\": \"2010 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20472710\",\n \"text\": \"the 2017 regular season at 9–3, and were second in the B1G East Division (7–2). The team had upset wins over then-#7 Michigan and then-#7 Penn State. Their three losses were all against teams that finished in the AP Top 20 (#14 Notre Dame, #20 Northwestern and #5 Ohio State). This was Washington State's fourth appearance in the Holiday Bowl, having lost to #14 Brigham Young in 1981, having defeated #5 Texas in 2003, and having lost to Minnesota in 2016. The Cougars finished the 2017 regular season at 9–3, and were third in the Pac-12 North Division (6–3). The\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Holiday Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9131678\",\n \"text\": \"1934 and 1935), Frankford Yellow Jackets, Pottsville Maroons, Buffalo All-Americans, Canton Bulldogs (even after the team moved to Cleveland they played the 1924 Thanksgiving game in Canton), and the New York Giants (1929–38, who always played a crosstown rival). The first owner of the Lions, George A. Richards, started the tradition of the Thanksgiving Day game as a gimmick to get people to go to Lions football games, and to continue a tradition begun by the city's previous NFL teams. What differentiated the Lions' efforts from other teams that played on the holiday was that Richards owned radio station WJR,\",\n \"title\": \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11466685\",\n \"text\": \"third quarter, Tampa Bay added onto their lead as RB Clifton Smith returned a punt 70 yards for a touchdown, along with CB Ronde Barber returning an interception 65 yards for a touchdown. Detroit scored when Hanson got a 40-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, only the Buccaneers scored when kicker Matt Bryant nailed a 48-yard field goal. Later that week, the Lions stayed at home, donned their throwback uniforms again, and played their 69th annual Thanksgiving Day game against the then 10–1 Tennessee Titans. It was the Lions’ only nationally televised game of the regular season and the\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20468564\",\n \"text\": \"for over 100 yards in a game since Reggie Bush on Thanksgiving Day in 2013, ending the fourth-longest streak (70 games) without a 100-yard rusher in NFL history. In week 4, the Lions donned all gray uniforms and visited the Dallas Cowboys. Dallas opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 32-yard field goal from Brett Maher. Detroit responded with a 45-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Golden Tate, to take their first lead of the game. In the second quarter, both teams scored a field goal, first a 43-yard field goal by Maher for the Cowboys, then\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861978\",\n \"text\": \"totals $72 million. In the first two games of 2009, the Lions lost to the eventual champion Saints and then to the Vikings. On September 27, 2009, the team broke their 19-game losing streak with a 19–14 win at Ford Field against the Washington Redskins. Losses resumed after that, which included handing the winless Rams their only victory of the season. Detroit's only other win of the season was against the Cleveland Browns, a surprise 38-37 thriller that saw Matthew Stafford throw the winning touchdown as time expired. The Lions then hosted Green Bay on their annual Thanksgiving game and\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Detroit Lions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11457050\",\n \"text\": \"However, the Lions lost 5 straight games following the win, and were eliminated from the playoffs with a 16-13 overtime loss to the Packers. The Lions would win one more game for the rest of the season, which was a 13-12 win over the Saints. The season concluded with a 35-21 loss to the eventual Super Bowl champion Steelers. During the season, after the Lions lost 27-7 on Thanksgiving Day to the Atlanta Falcons, the Lions fired Steve Mariucci, and hired Dick Jauron to be the interim head coach for the remainder of the season. 2005 Detroit Lions season The\",\n \"title\": \"2005 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17736507\",\n \"text\": \"scheduling, and a Thanksgiving Day game during the season. In December, the Bears had three consecutive home games, the first since 2008 and the second since 1963. Although CBS, which airs AFC games against the Lions on Thanksgiving, held the rights to the game for 2014, the league's new \\\"crossflexing\\\" policy, which allows CBS and Fox to switch seven games, permitted the Bears to play Detroit. The Bears opened the season at home against the Buffalo Bills, who had a record of 6–10 in 2013. Entering the game, the Bears were 54–35–5 in season openers, the most wins of any\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Chicago Bears season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19012390\",\n \"text\": \"Baptist University by the score of 98–20. The Lions were once again invited to the post season by routing former LSC foe East Central University 72–21 in the C.H.A.M.P.S. Heart of Texas Bowl. The 2015 Lions repeated as conference champions and returned to the NCAA Division II playoffs for the first time in 20 years where they bowed out in the first round to the Ferris State Bulldogs. In the 2016 season the Lions reached new heights under Carthel as they finished their regular season 9-1, with their lone loss coming by a single point, 25-26, at home against then-7th-ranked\",\n \"title\": \"Texas A&M–Commerce Lions football\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4503904\",\n \"text\": \"II Football Championship in Florence, Alabama. \\\"Fire Millen\\\" turned up in a background sign in the sports-oriented comic strip \\\"Gil Thorp\\\" on February 20, 2006 (\\\"Detroit News\\\" columnist Neal Rubin took over as the writer of \\\"Gil Thorp\\\" in 2004). The \\\"Fire Millen\\\" chant returned in force to Ford Field during the second half of the 2006 Thanksgiving Day game between the Detroit Lions and the Miami Dolphins, when former Lions quarterback and first round pick Joey Harrington (often a scapegoat for the Lions problems) led the Dolphins to a 27-10 victory over the Lions, dropping the Lions' record to\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Millen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16190077\",\n \"text\": \"Crosby. For their annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted the Houston Texans. The Lions got on the board early when Mikel Leshoure ran in a touchdown from 2 yards out. The score sea-sawed in the second quarter, with each team scoring a pair of touchdowns. First, the Texans' Arian Foster rushed in a touchdown from 6 yards out. The Lions responded with a 5-yard touchdown run from Mike Foster. Houston's Owen Daniels then caught a 9-yard touchdown pass from Matt Schaub. The Lions' Calvin Johnson then caught a 22-yard touchdown pass. After halftime, Detroit's Jason Hanson kicked a 46-yard\",\n \"title\": \"2012 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807855\",\n \"text\": \"three minutes Drew Brees and the Saints offense rallied back to tie the game 31–31 with 1:05 left in the fourth. In overtime, Saint's kicker Wil Lutz kicked the game-winning field goal from 28 yards away, handing the Redskins their most devastating loss of the season. NFL on Thanksgiving Day With the loss, the Redskins are out of the playoffs for the second time in a row. 2017 Washington Redskins season The 2017 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 86th season in the National Football League and the fourth under head coach Jay Gruden. The Redskins lost seven of the\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Washington Redskins season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19012391\",\n \"text\": \"Midwestern State. Another trip to the postseason produced the program's first playoff win since 1991, over Colorado-Mesa, but the team would again bow out before the title game as they fell on the road to top-seeded Grand Valley State. The 2017 season would see another great performance for the Lions, as once again their lone loss was on the road against highly-ranked Midwestern State. This season, however, their postseason fortunes would improve as a road matchup against the top-seeded Central Washington Wildcats saw the Lions trailing 28-7 at halftime, but a ferocious comeback would produce a 34-31 double-overtime win and\",\n \"title\": \"Texas A&M–Commerce Lions football\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9131692\",\n \"text\": \"for Thanksgiving), the calls for Detroit and Dallas to be removed have curtailed. \\\"Of current NFL franchises. This includes American Football League (AFL) games; however, it does not include All-America Football Conference (AAFC) games.\\\" The last currently active franchise to have never played on Thanksgiving through is the Jacksonville Jaguars, who joined the league in . An idiosyncrasy in the NFL's current scheduling formula, which has been in effect in its basic form since 2002, effectively prevented teams from the AFC North from playing the Lions or Cowboys on Thanksgiving, as the formula had the AFC North playing in Dallas\",\n \"title\": \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8252240\",\n \"text\": \"Saints. New Orleans won 30–27 when Saints quarterback Drew Brees threw a go-ahead touchdown to Lance Moore with less than two minutes remaining. In the prime-time NFL Network game, the New York Jets defeated the visiting Cincinnati Bengals, 26–10. Both the Saints and Bengals made their first appearance in a Thanksgiving game; in the case of the Bengals, it also marked the first appearance of an AFC North team on Thanksgiving since 1998, when the Pittsburgh Steelers of what was known as the AFC Central played the Detroit Lions. Additionally, since Christmas Day fell on a Saturday in 2010, the\",\n \"title\": \"2010 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807774\",\n \"text\": \"catch in the red zone to set up Aldrick Rosas kicked the game winning field goal in OT to improve the Giants to 2-8. This was the Giants first home win of the season. Eli Manning made his 209th consecutive start at quarterback, passing Peyton Manning for 2nd in NFL history, only trailing Brett Favre (297). NFL on Thanksgiving Day The Giants offense struggled the entire game and was held to only one first down in the second half. The Giants dropped to 2-9 and were eliminated from playoff contention on the following Sunday after the Panthers defeated the Jets\",\n \"title\": \"2017 New York Giants season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1807689\",\n \"text\": \"as a receivers coach, was promoted to the top job, and got instant results with a huge 51–4 win over the Argos in the second of back-to-back games. Despite a promising start, the Lions only won one of their next five games to sit at 5–9 on Thanksgiving. Nevertheless, the Lions came together when it counted the most, winning three of their last four heading into the playoffs, and the offence gelling to become the best in the CFL that season. Quarterback Damon Allen broke Ron Lancaster's CFL record for career passing yardage. Lui Passaglia played in a memorable, \\\"Luv\",\n \"title\": \"BC Lions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15002602\",\n \"text\": \"in a 54–24 victory over the Buffalo Bills, he had 12 receptions for 159 receiving yards and two touchdowns. On Thanksgiving Day, during Week 12 against the Dallas Cowboys, Allen finished with 172 receiving yards and a touchdown as the Chargers won 28-6. It was the first time the Chargers played on Thanksgiving since 1969. In Week 13, Allen became the first player in NFL history to record three consecutive games of 10+ catches, 100+ receiving yards, and at least one touchdown. On December 19, 2017, Allen was named to his first Pro Bowl. Allen finished the season, his first\",\n \"title\": \"Keenan Allen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"107949\",\n \"text\": \"Matt Shepard with play-by-play, Rob Rubick and Nate Burleson with color commentary, and FOX2's Jennifer Hammond with sideline reports. Wraparound shows and preseason games are produced by Fox Sports Detroit which also airs replays of the broadcasts. Regular season games are broadcast regionally on Fox, except when the Lions play an AFC team in Detroit, in which case the game airs regionally on CBS. The Thanksgiving Day game in Detroit is always televised nationally on either Fox (odd-numbered years) or CBS(even-numbered years). The Detroit Lions were the last NFC team to play on NBC's Sunday Night Football since the network\",\n \"title\": \"Detroit Lions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16977567\",\n \"text\": \"Lions on Thanksgiving to sit at 5-6-1, threatening to miss the postseason for the first time since 2008. The Packers then rallied to beat the Falcons 22-21 to even their record at 6-6-1. The following week, the Packers defeated the Dallas Cowboys 37-36 in Dallas after they had trailed 26-3 at halftime. The comeback was the largest in franchise history. The Packers would then lose a shootout with the Pittsburgh Steelers 38-31 at home to sit at 7-7-1, the first meeting between the teams since Super Bowl XLV. The following week, the Packers defeated the Chicago Bears 33-28 at Soldier\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Green Bay Packers season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16977594\",\n \"text\": \"They followed that up with a 20-yard TD pass to Kevin Ogletree, which extended their lead 40-10. The Packers tried to rally with a 56-yard pass to James Jones, but Matt Flynn fumbled the snap on the next play, and Detroit recovered and ran out the clock. This loss marked Matthew Stafford's first career win against the Packers. It also snapped the Lions' 10-year losing streak on Thanksgiving Day. With the loss, the Packers fell to 5–6–1. After the heart-numbing loss to the Detroit Lions on Thanksgiving Day, the Packers returned to snowy Lambeau Field to take on the 3-9\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Green Bay Packers season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11331740\",\n \"text\": \"in 6 straight games won. On Thanksgiving Day, during Week 12 against the Lions, Keenum finished with 282 passing yards and 2 touchdowns as the Vikings won 30–23. He was named the NFC Offensive Player of the Month for November after passing for 866 yards with 7 touchdowns and just 2 interceptions. In 15 games (14 starts) of 2017, Keenum finished with 3,547 passing yards, 22 touchdowns, 7 interceptions, and a passer rating of 98.3. The Vikings finished the 2017 season with a 13–3 record, clinching the NFC North Division. In the NFC Divisional Round against the New Orleans Saints,\",\n \"title\": \"Case Keenum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820546\",\n \"text\": \"from Gano. The Lions responded with 14 points in the fourth quarter via two touchdown receptions from Matthew Stafford to Darren Fells, from four-yards and 20-yards respectively, making the final score 27–24 in favor of Carolina. Detroit's loss dropped them to 2nd in the NFC North, as the Packers beat the Cowboys later in the day to move to 4–1. In week 6, the Lions visited the New Orleans Saints. The Saints opened the scoring in the first quarter via a fumble recovery in the end zone by Kenny Vaccaro. The Lions responded with a 45-yard touchdown pass from Matthew\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861988\",\n \"text\": \"37-13. The team's wild ride through the 2011 season continued as they hosted the defending champion Packers on Thanksgiving, but the latter proved more than they could handle. Ndamukong Suh was ejected from the game after stomping on the arm of Evan Dietrich-Smith, a back-up guard assigned to block Suh, enhancing his reputation as a dirty player. This earned him a 3-game suspension as the Lions headed to New Orleans in Week 13. The game was flexed into SNF, and although they played well, discipline problems continued to mount as several costly penalties gave the Saints the win. Heading back\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Detroit Lions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14140317\",\n \"text\": \"2010 Detroit Lions season The 2010 Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 81st season in the NFL. It was Jim Schwartz's second season as head coach. The Lions spent most of the season at the bottom of their division, but with more division wins than the Vikings (whose overall record was the same), the Lions ended up at 3rd place on the final day of the season with a victory over that team. They were eliminated from playoff contention after their Thanksgiving Day loss, extending their postseason drought to 11 seasons, tied with Buffalo for the longest active streak in\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12844549\",\n \"text\": \"to running back Frank Gore, yet Green Bay's defense would prevent any further progress. With the win, the Packers improved to 6–4. Coming off their win over the 49ers, the Packers flew to Ford Field for a Week 12 Thanksgiving duel with their NFC North rival, the Detroit Lions. Green Bay would trail in the first quarter as wide receiver Jordy Nelson fumbled on the game's opening kickoff, which allowed Lions quarterback Matthew Stafford to find wide receiver Calvin Johnson. The Packers would answer in the second quarter as quarterback Aaron Rodgers completed a 7-yard touchdown pass to tight end\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Green Bay Packers season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17084795\",\n \"text\": \"on Monday night. There were games played on Thursday, including the National Football League Kickoff game in prime time on September 8 and games on Thanksgiving Day. The regular season concluded with a full slate of 16 games on Sunday, January 1, 2017, all of which were intra-divisional matchups, as it has been since . Under the NFL's current scheduling formula, each team played each of the other three teams in its own division twice. In addition, a team played against all four teams in one other division from each conference. The final two games on a team's schedule were\",\n \"title\": \"2016 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19127917\",\n \"text\": \"the win. With the loss, the Texans fell to 4–3. The Texans rebounded from their dismal Monday Night performance and never trailed in their first matchup against the Detroit Lions since Houston's Thanksgiving 2012 win in OT. With the win, the Texans entered the Week 9 bye at 5-3. The Texans got their first road win of the season and their first winning streak since Weeks 1–2, improving to 6–3. NFL International Series Following their first road win of the season the previous week, the Texans traveled to Mexico City to face the Oakland Raiders in what would be a\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Houston Texans season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12848877\",\n \"text\": \"a 25 yarder. The Packers scored 2 touchdowns in the 3rd quarter. First a 7-yard catch by Donald Driver, then a 21-yard catch by James Jones. The Lions picked up a safety when the Packers Ryan Grant had his left arm down before he fumbled the ball in their own end zone in the fourth quarter. They then kicked a 22-yard field goal. The Packers sealed their win when Charles Woodson intercepted a Stafford pass and ran it back 38 yards for a touchdown. The Thanksgiving Day losing streak for the Lions is now six, the longest in franchise history.\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12324453\",\n \"text\": \"1976 Detroit Lions season The 1976 Detroit Lions season was the 47th season in franchise history. After the first four games of the season, Rick Forzano resigned under pressure of owner William Clay Ford, and was replaced by one time BYU head coach and Lions assistant Tommy Hudspeth. In spite of a stellar season by quarterback Greg Landry, that year's NFL Comeback Player Of The Year, the team was still mired in mediocrity, fininsing 6–8. During the Thanksgiving Day game on November 25, O.J. Simpson of the Buffalo Bills set a record with the most rushing yards in one Thanksgiving\",\n \"title\": \"1976 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807749\",\n \"text\": \"a miserable day, being sacked an astounding eight times. Six of those sacks came from an unknown Adrian Clayborn, who set the Falcons record for most sacks in one game. The Cowboys lost the game 27–7, dropping to 5–4. The Cowboys squandered a 9–7 halftime lead and allowed 30 unanswered points. This loss dropped them to 5–5 on the season and 0–2 without Elliott. NFL on Thanksgiving Day The Chargers dominated the Cowboys all game and only surrendered 6 points. With the loss, the Cowboys dropped to 5–6 on the season and 0–3 without Elliott. This would be their last\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Dallas Cowboys season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15025737\",\n \"text\": \"Shawn Jefferson. It was the last meaningful game Young ever played. He was deactivated for the team's Thanksgiving Day game a week later against the Houston Texans, as well as the next week's game against the Indianapolis Colts. On December 5, the Lions placed Young on injured reserve, ending his season. To express his frustration, Young tweeted about not wanting to play anymore if he did not get the ball. A little more than a month later, on February 4, the Lions released Young. On February 5, 2013, Young was claimed off waivers by the St. Louis Rams. The Rams\",\n \"title\": \"Titus Young\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16187275\",\n \"text\": \"but the Texans got the better edge of it when Justin Forsett ran for a controversial touchdown from deep in the Texans' territory. With their 2nd-straight overtime victory, the Texans improved to 10–1, 1–0 on Thanksgiving, and 2–1 against the Lions all-time. Mikel Leshore of Detroit struck first to make it 7-0. In the 2nd, Arian Foster scored to make it 7-7. Mike Thomas caught to make it 14-7 Detroit. Matt Schaub then hit Owen Daniels to make it 14-14. 2 plays later Calvin Johnson caught it to make it 21-14 Lions at the half. Jason Hanson made one to\",\n \"title\": \"2012 Houston Texans season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4639850\",\n \"text\": \"Network package that season, with the exception of , when the Cowboys played the Green Bay Packers on week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The Cowboys and Detroit Lions were ineligible for appearing on the NFL Network, due to hosting Thanksgiving games every year. However, the Cowboys played a Thursday night game at the Chicago Bears in 2014, one week after both teams played on Thanksgiving, while the Lions hosted a Thursday night game against the Packers in 2015, one week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The \\\"one Thursday game per team\\\" rule does not include the Kickoff Game, so\",\n \"title\": \"National Football League on television\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820566\",\n \"text\": \"a touchdown from five-yards out to give the Lions a 17–16 lead. However, Cincinnati regained the lead when they added ten more points with a 51-yard field goal from Bullock and a 12-yard touchdown run from Giovani Bernard to make the final score 26–17 in favor of the Bengals. With the loss, the Lions were eliminated from playoff contention. To finish the season, the Lions hosted a rematch with their divisional rivals, the Green Bay Packers, on New Year's Eve. The teams exchanged field goals in the first quarter, one from Green Bay's Mason Crosby from 41-yards, and one from\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9131693\",\n \"text\": \"or Detroit in years when the other team was slated to play the AFC game on Thanksgiving. These teams, under the television contracts in place at the time, could only play in the third (night) game. With the changes in the scheduling practices in 2014, the division is no longer barred from participating in the game (since both CBS and Fox can choose teams from either conference; because of the idiosyncrasy, the AFC North team would, if chosen, always play on Fox). In practice, the changes have led to \\\"fewer\\\" AFC games, as the league has regularly scheduled the Lions'\",\n \"title\": \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9642031\",\n \"text\": \"week of the 2007 season (November 18–19). Packers defensive tackle Corey Williams was voted the GMC Defensive Player of the Week for games played on November 18–19. Williams posted four solo tackles, two sacks and two forced fumbles during the game. Coming off their home win over the Panthers, the Packers flew to Ford Field for a Week 12 Thanksgiving NFC North duel with the Detroit Lions. Lions kicker Jason Hanson completed a 47-yard field goal, and followed it with a 41-yarder to give the Lions a 6–0 lead after the first quarter. Brett Favre started the second quarter with\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Green Bay Packers season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7174467\",\n \"text\": \"of their final 8 games to finish the season with a 7–9 record, and Caldwell retained his job. In 2016, Caldwell's third season in Detroit, the Lions improved to a 9–7 record and lost to the Packers in a Week 17 game that determined the winner of NFC North. The Lions clinched another wild card berth, but lost in the first round to the Seattle Seahawks, 26–6. The Lions went 9–7 again in 2017, in a season widely considered a disappointment despite the Lions' winning record. After the Lions missed the playoffs following a mediocre performance in the second half\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Caldwell (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19295203\",\n \"text\": \"65–43, and arch-rival Tarleton State 22–20. The Lions rounded out the season by dropping a close loss to the Angelo State Rams 25–20, bouncing back against Division I Houston Baptist Huskies 55–21, and ending the season with a last second 42–35 loss to Eastern New Mexico. Despite the late season loss, the Lions were invited to the 2013 LiveUnited Texarkana Bowl to finish the season 7–5 overall and fifth in the conference. Carthel's 2014 A&M–Commerce squad led the nation in points per game with an average of 54.1, and yards per game with an average of 535.4. They opened the\",\n \"title\": \"Colby Carthel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820550\",\n \"text\": \"Boswell, and a 97-yard touchdown pass from Ben Roethlisberger to JuJu Smith-Schuster. The Lions responded with a 19-yard field goal from Prater in the fourth quarter, making the final score 20–15 in favor of Pittsburgh. The Lions had 482 total yards of offense without scoring a touchdown. This was the third-highest yardage total without a touchdown in NFL history. In week 9, the Lions visited their divisional rival, the Green Bay Packers, on \\\"Monday Night Football\\\". The Lions took an early lead on their opening drive of the first quarter, which they kept the rest of the game, via a\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9787426\",\n \"text\": \"a fumble, which was recovered by DeJon Gomes in a Week 12 win against the Dallas Cowboys on Thanksgiving. In 2013, Wilson had a particularly poor performance against the San Francisco 49ers, where he lost several times to Anquan Boldin and Vernon Davis in one-on-one coverage. On April 8, 2014, Wilson signed with the Atlanta Falcons on a one-year contract. On April 3, 2015, Wilson signed a one-year contract with the Detroit Lions. Wilson's father, Tim Wilson, played in the NFL for eight years, mostly for the Houston Oilers. He was best friends with the legendary Earl Campbell, whom Josh\",\n \"title\": \"Josh Wilson (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9317163\",\n \"text\": \"game ended in a 26–26 tie. On November 27, 2013, it was announced that Flynn would be the starting quarterback for the Thanksgiving game against the Detroit Lions. Flynn struggled, only completing 10 of 20 attempts for 139 yards with one interception and two fumbles. He was sacked 7 times, including one in the end zone for a safety. The Packers lost 40–10. On December 15, 2013, Flynn led the Packers from a 26–3 deficit against the Cowboys at halftime to come out with a 37–36 victory. He led five consecutive touchdown drives in the 2nd half, and threw for\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Flynn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861955\",\n \"text\": \"of the season and retired his number. In 1972, the Lions improved to 8–5–1 and then dropped back to 6-7-1 the following year. Heart disease claimed another member of the franchise when head coach Don McCafferty died shortly before the 1974 training camp. That season saw the Lions finish at 7–7. On Thanksgiving Day, November 28, 1974, after over 35 years, the Lions played their final game in Tiger Stadium, where they lost to the Denver Broncos 31–27 in front of 51,157, amidst snow flurries and a 21–point Broncos 3rd quarter. The Lions moved to the newly constructed Silverdome and\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Detroit Lions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7691831\",\n \"text\": \"the school's Athletic Director, Kosloff was a successful head coach in Boys' Soccer and Swimming. He has also coached baseball and basketball. In 2006, Kosloff was voted Athletic Director of the Year by the Olympic Conference. The Lions have played their home football games at the township stadium, Jonas C. Morris Stadium, which they have shared with Cherry Hill High School East. Annually, the Lions face their cross town rival the Cherry Hill East Cougars on Thanksgiving morning, a rivalry described by \\\"The Philadelphia Inquirer\\\" as \\\"one of the best in South Jersey\\\", in which the winner of the contest\",\n \"title\": \"Cherry Hill High School West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18496770\",\n \"text\": \"touchdowns in a season within the first two years of a career since 2009 (Fred Davis). On November 24, 2016, Crowder caught eight passes for 88 yards against the Dallas Cowboys. On December 4, 2016, Crowder caught three passes for 42 yards and a touchdown against the Arizona Cardinals. Crowder caught a 26-yard touchdown, his seventh touchdown of the season. Crowder finished the season with 67 receptions for 847 yards and seven touchdowns. During \\\"Thursday Night Football\\\" against the New York Giants in Week 12 on Thanksgiving Day, Crowder finished with 141 receiving yards and a touchdown as the Redskins\",\n \"title\": \"Jamison Crowder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12848887\",\n \"text\": \"who finished 1–15, with their lone victory at Detroit’s expense in week 8. Matthew Stafford In the 2009 season, the Lions had four of their 8 home games televised on local TV. The Lions sold out their home opener against the Vikings, as well as a week 5 match up against the Steelers, the Thanksgiving Classic against Green Bay, and their season finale against the Bears. Both of the Lions wins in 2009 were blacked out on local television (the Detroit, Flint/Tri-Cities, Lansing/Jackson and Toledo markets) because the game didn't sell out by the 72-hour deadline. In the games that\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4639849\",\n \"text\": \"based in the Central Time Zone, play against either the Raiders or Chargers; the Rams, who were based in St. Louis until , played against the 49ers in ; though the Arizona Cardinals are based in the Mountain Time Zone, they effectively observe Pacific Daylight Time until the first weekend of November due to not observing Daylight saving time, and played at the St. Louis Rams early in the 2012 season; the Raiders played at the Dallas Cowboys on Thanksgiving in 2013. Until 2014, teams that played on Thanksgiving in a given year typically did not appear on the NFL\",\n \"title\": \"National Football League on television\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17469341\",\n \"text\": \"visitors to give them the lead with 30 minutes to go. They held on to open the tour with an unconvincing 13–7 victory. The next match was four days later against the Blues, an Auckland-based Super Rugby franchise. The Lions led 16–15 with 10 minutes remaining before a Sonny Bill Williams break and offload to Ihaia West led to the match-winning try. A try-less 12–3 victory over the Crusaders in Christchurch followed, this was the first time the Crusaders had lost in 2017. It was another close game against the Highlanders as Marty Banks from the Otago-based side kicked the\",\n \"title\": \"2017 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9131680\",\n \"text\": \"two teams were also exploring the possibility of a merger at the time.) Because of the looming World War II and the resulting shorter seasons, the NFL did not schedule any Thanksgiving games in 1941, nor did it schedule any in the subsequent years until the war ended in 1945. When the Thanksgiving games resumed in 1945, only the Lions' annual home game would remain on the Thanksgiving holiday. In 1951, the Packers began a thirteen-season run as the perpetual opponent to the Lions each year through 1963. The All-America Football Conference and American Football League, both of which would\",\n \"title\": \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9131689\",\n \"text\": \"his team hosting a game on the holiday. When the NFL adopted a third, prime time game, the Chiefs were selected as the first team to host such a contest, but the team was not made a permanent host, and Hunt's death shortly after the 2006 contest ended the lobbying on behalf of that team. The host issue came to a head in 2008, focusing particularly on the winless Lions. Going into the game, Detroit had lost their last four Thanksgiving games, and opinions amongst the media had suggested removing Detroit and replacing them with a more attractive matchup. The\",\n \"title\": \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11788973\",\n \"text\": \"by the Lions in a trade for Doug Nott on November 4, 1935, scored two touchdowns for the Lions. Ebding added another. Dutch Clark kicked two extra points. The game was attended by 14,000 spectators at University of Detroit Stadium. In week 10, the Lions played the Chicago Bears to a 20–20 tie at Wrigley Field. The Bears' Bill Karr caught three touchdown passes in the game. The Lions' touchdowns were scored by Dutch Clark, Bill Shepherd and Klewicki. For their 11th game, the Lions played the Bears on Thanksgiving Day in Detroit. Dutch Clark scored two touchdowns as the\",\n \"title\": \"1935 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19127874\",\n \"text\": \"Redskins shut out the Vikings 12-0 in the second half, improving to 5-3-1 on the season. The Redskins avenged their 35–18 loss to the Packers in the wildcard round of last season's playoffs by beating them 42–24. They also were the last team to beat the Packers, as they went on a 6-game winning streak to finish the season. Thanksgiving Day game An attempted rally by the offense did not pay off. The Redskins dropped to 6–4–1 and were swept by the Cowboys for the first time since 2013. Kirk Cousins attempted to drive down the field but was intercepted\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Washington Redskins season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16741834\",\n \"text\": \"against the Cleveland Browns, Tucker continued his success as an accurate kicker for the Ravens. He kicked the game-winning field goal in overtime against the Cincinnati Bengals, letting the Ravens win 20-17. He was named AFC Special Teams Player of the Month for November. On Thanksgiving, Tucker kicked five field goals en route to the Ravens' 22–20 win against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was also selected as the player of the game along with Jacoby Jones by John Madden. He brought his holder, Sam Koch and long snapper, Morgan Cox, to accept the award on screen with him. In 2013,\",\n \"title\": \"Justin Tucker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14155819\",\n \"text\": \"over. Green-Ellis and Woodhead were huge in the run game as the Patriots ran for 134 yards as a team. With the win, the Patriots improved to 8–2. Coming off their win over the Colts, the Patriots flew to Ford Field, donned their throwback uniforms, and played a Week 12 Thanksgiving game with the Detroit Lions. After the first three possessions of the game ended in punts, the struck first blood, driving all the way to the Lions 2-yard line, but could only muster a 19-yard field goal by Shayne Graham. The Lions countered, driving 71 yards in 11 plays,\",\n \"title\": \"2010 New England Patriots season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9275640\",\n \"text\": \"creation. The Detroit Lions have hosted a game every Thanksgiving Day from 1934 to 1938 and again every year since 1945. In 1966, the Dallas Cowboys, who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. The league added a third game in prime time in 2006, which aired on the NFL Network, then moved to NBC in 2012. The third game has no set site or team, providing an opportunity for all teams in the league to host a Thanksgiving game in the future. For college football teams that participate in the highest level (all\",\n \"title\": \"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9131686\",\n \"text\": \"carry an AFC team; by 2018, the last vestiges of conference ties to the Thanksgiving games were eliminated (in practice, games on Fox remain all-NFC contests). Since teams playing on Thanksgiving have worn throwback uniforms on numerous occasions. In some years (namely 2002), it extended to nearly all games of the weekend, and in some cases also involved classic field logos at the respective stadiums. In 2001–2004, and again in 2008, 2010, and 2017 the Detroit Lions have worn throwback uniforms based on their very early years. From 2001 to 2003, Dallas chose to represent the 1990s Cowboys dynasty by\",\n \"title\": \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14822518\",\n \"text\": \"game at 12:30 pm EST, marking the Packers' 21st Thanksgiving game in Detroit. The Raiders visited the Cowboys in the late afternoon game at 3:30 pm CST. The evening game featured the defending Super Bowl champion Ravens hosting their AFC North rival Steelers at 8:30 pm EST. Controversy erupted during the third quarter of the Thanksgiving night game between the Steelers and Ravens, as Steelers head coach Mike Tomlin found himself in the path of Ravens returner Jacoby Jones during a Ravens kickoff return. Tomlin was watching the play on the stadium's big screen and was thus facing away from\",\n \"title\": \"2013 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19119361\",\n \"text\": \"Jr. The Lions' attempted comeback failed when Matthew Stafford was picked off by Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie in the end-zone for a touchback with 2:09 left in the game, losing 17–6, and snapping their five-game winning streak. In week 16, the Lions flew southwest to play the Dallas Cowboys on \\\"Monday Night Football\\\". The Cowboys opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 21-yard touchdown pass from Dak Prescott to Brice Butler. The Lions responded with a 7-yard touchdown run from Zach Zenner. The Cowboys regained the lead via a 55-yard touchdown run from Ezekiel Elliott. The Lions scored 14 points\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19122899\",\n \"text\": \"Cowboys. The defense—which had only 13 sacks going into this game—managed to get eight in this game alone, as Cody Kessler and Josh McCown each got sacked four times. Thanksgiving Day game After winning over the Browns, the Steelers traveled further west to take on the Colts in a rematch of 2015's 45–10 blowout win. The Steelers struck first in the first quarter when Le'Veon Bell ran for a 5-yard touchdown to take a 7–0 lead. This would be followed by Ben Roethlisberger finding Antonio Brown on a 25-yard touchdown pass later on in the quarter to make it 14–0.\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15651639\",\n \"text\": \"tour during the game. Murray came off the bench during the second test against Australia to win his first cap for the Lions on 29 June 2013. He also came off the bench during the Lions third test victory, a win which secured the series win for the Lions. In April 2017, Murray was selected in the British and Irish Lions squad for the 2017 tour to New Zealand, his second Lions call-up. On 10 June 2017, Murray made his first appearance and start for the Lions on the tour, doing so in the match against the Crusaders in AMI\",\n \"title\": \"Conor Murray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16187274\",\n \"text\": \"won the game. In overtime, both teams made field goals to make it 37-37. Jacksonville had a chance to win after Houston threw an interception but they couldn't convert 4th down. With 2:10 left in overtime, Schuab threw a 48-yard touchdown pass to Andre Johnson to win 43-37. With the win, the Texans improved to 9–1 as the team swept the Jaguars. Thanksgiving Day game (2012 Detroit Lions season) After defeating the Jaguars at home in overtime, the Texans traveled to Detroit to play in their first ever Thanksgiving Day game. Many touchdowns were scored between both of the teams,\",\n \"title\": \"2012 Houston Texans season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9869326\",\n \"text\": \"NFL history at the time. During the 2005 season the Falcons started 6–2, but injuries on defense caused them to finish the second half 2–6. Bright spots included the Falcons ending their Monday Night Football jinx by going 3–0, and on Thursday, November 24, the Falcons played on Thanksgiving Day for the first time in franchise history, beating the Detroit Lions 27–7. On the next-to-last game of the regular season, the Falcons were eliminated from playoff contention with a 27–24 overtime loss against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The Falcons finished 8–8 and once again failed to attain back-to-back winning seasons.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Atlanta Falcons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20468462\",\n \"text\": \"Night Football\\\" and week two on ESPN's \\\"Monday Night Football\\\". Weeks ten to twelve saw three consecutive games against NFC North opponents, marking the Bears' first three-game divisional stretch since 2007. The second match of the slate, week eleven against the Vikings, was initially scheduled for Sunday afternoon before being flexed to \\\"Sunday Night Football\\\". The following week's game against the Lions was played on Thanksgiving Day, making the Bears the first team since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970 to play a Thursday afternoon game after playing on Sunday night. Through this stretch they managed to win 3 division games\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Chicago Bears season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8724390\",\n \"text\": \"finally get on the board with kicker Jason Hanson nailing a 32-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, even though Detroit would get a 2-yard TD run by RB Arlen Harris, Arizona’s defense held the Lions long enough for the win. With the loss, Detroit would fall to 2–8. \\\"at Ford Field, Detroit, Michigan\\\" Trying to snap their two-game losing streak, the Lions went home for their match-up against the Miami Dolphins in the annual Thanksgiving Day game. In the first quarter, the Lions started off strong with QB Jon Kitna completing a 2-yard TD pass to TE Dan Campbell,\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17736598\",\n \"text\": \"Vincent Jackson, both of whom are , the defensive backs are accustomed to such disadvantages in practice. Rushing-wise, Tampa was struggling productively, being ranked 28th, and had the NFL's second-least carries, and averaged only 3.2 yards on first down. ESPN, Yahoo!, \\\"USA Today\\\", Fox Sports, and CBS Sports' majority panels predicted a Bears victory. Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott and Chris Williams were inactive. The Buccaneers won the coin toss, but decided to kickoff. After the Bears went three-and-out, Marcus Thigpen muffed the ensuing punt, but recovered. The Bears played their first Thanksgiving\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Chicago Bears season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11621678\",\n \"text\": \"Lions passing attack erupted to 351 yards and three touchdowns. The Bills fell behind 21-7 but clawed to within 28-21 in the fourth quarter, but Jim Kelly was intercepted by Willie Clay and Clay ran back the 28-yard touchdown that clinched the win for the Lions 35-21. Barry Sanders managed only 45 rushing yards and one touchdown. A glorious Thanksgiving Day for the Lions. The Lions and Packers squared off in a highly competitive contest as the game lead tied once and changed six times following the first quarter and a 14-3 Packers lead. Barry Sanders broke out 188 rushing\",\n \"title\": \"1994 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6553505\",\n \"text\": \"able to compete for the national championship should they qualify. (The establishment of the Celebration Bowl for historically black schools allowed the Turkey Day Classic to resume; it will be held against conference rival Mississippi Valley State in 2018.) Another popular black college football classic played on Thanksgiving weekend is the Bayou Classic between Grambling State University and Southern University, which is held the Saturday after Thanksgiving; for the 2017 season only, because of a hurricane earlier in the season, the Labor Day Classic between Texas Southern and Prairie View A&M was played on Thanksgiving weekend, and the two teams\",\n \"title\": \"American football on Thanksgiving\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10379949\",\n \"text\": \"game in Canada to strengthen his club's fan base in Ontario. The game in Toronto was on December 7, after the end of the 2008 CFL season, against the Miami Dolphins; Miami won 16–3. CBS televised both games regionally; the Toronto game was carried across Canada on Rogers Sportsnet and City TV. The traditional Thanksgiving Day games were held on November 27, with the Detroit Lions hosting the Tennessee Titans at 12:30 PM EST on CBS (with the then 10–1 Titans handily defeating the then 0–11 Lions by a 47–10 score), and the Dallas Cowboys’ home game following suit on\",\n \"title\": \"2008 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19262482\",\n \"text\": \"No. 4 Michigan but finished the regular season on a 9–game winning streak, including a pivotal 4th-quarter comeback victory over #2 Ohio State that led to Penn State receiving a Top-25 national ranking for the first time since 2011. Penn State added a Big Ten Championship with a comeback win over #6 Wisconsin to close out the season. The Nittany Lions were led by sophomore duo quarterback Trace McSorley and 1,000+ yard rusher Saquon Barkley and junior wide receiver Chris Godwin. They came into the game 11–2 (8–1 Big Ten), a big improvement from the last two seasons under head\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Rose Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11036380\",\n \"text\": \"team, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, 35–7. CBS televised this game on a regional basis as the Patriots were the \\\"visiting\\\" team. The Thanksgiving Day games were contested on Thursday, November 26, 2009. On Fox, Green Bay won over Detroit, 34–12. The Dallas Cowboys defeated the Oakland Raiders, 24–7 on CBS, and in the prime time NFL Network game, the Denver Broncos were victorious over the New York Giants, 26–6. The second regular-season game of the Bills Toronto Series, in which the Buffalo Bills play in the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, was played December 3 on Thursday Night Football, with\",\n \"title\": \"2009 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820561\",\n \"text\": \"Ravens responded with 24 points in the fourth quarter via a seven-yard touchdown run from Alex Collins, a 51-yard field goal from Tucker, a six-yard touchdown run from Collins, and a 45-yard interception return from Eric Weddle. The Lions scored via a one-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Nick Bellore, making the final score 44–20 in favor of Baltimore. In week 14, the Lions visited the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Each team exchanged touchdowns in the first quarter. First a two-yard touchdown run from Detroit's Theo Riddick, then a one-yard touchdown run from Tampa Bay's Doug Martin. The only score\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15209731\",\n \"text\": \"the Packers flew to Ford Field for a Week 12 Thanksgiving duel with their NFC North foe, the Detroit Lions. After a scoreless first quarter, Green Bay delivered the game's opening punch in the second quarter with quarterback Aaron Rodgers finding wide receiver Greg Jennings on a 3-yard touchdown pass. The Packers added to their lead in the third quarter with a 1-yard touchdown run from fullback John Kuhn, followed by Rodgers connecting with wide receiver James Jones on a 65-yard touchdown pass and a 35-yard field goal from kicker Mason Crosby. The Lions answered in the fourth quarter with\",\n \"title\": \"2011 Green Bay Packers season\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who did the lions play on thanksgiving last year"}}},{"rowIdx":86,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Phoenix Mills Limited"],"string":"[\n \"Phoenix Mills Limited\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"19186180","text":"Adidas, Puma, Zara, Nike, Jack&Jones Tommy Hilfiger etc. The mall also consists of Reliance Trends, Reliance Digital and others Phoenix Marketcity (Pune) Phoenix Market City is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Pune, Maharashtra. It was opened in January 2011 and is one of the largest malls in India, with the area of 3.4 million square feet. It is located in the Vimannagar area of Pune. Phoenix Market City has four floors of retail space and several features such as a retail zone, a food court with fine dining restaurants and quick service restaurants, and a","title":"Phoenix Marketcity (Pune)"},{"id":"19186179","text":"Phoenix Marketcity (Pune) Phoenix Market City is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Pune, Maharashtra. It was opened in January 2011 and is one of the largest malls in India, with the area of 3.4 million square feet. It is located in the Vimannagar area of Pune. Phoenix Market City has four floors of retail space and several features such as a retail zone, a food court with fine dining restaurants and quick service restaurants, and a nine-screen PVR Cinemas. The food court at the mall has several options. Multinational companies for clothing and style are","title":"Phoenix Marketcity (Pune)"},{"id":"18143253","text":"is Kamani. Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai) Phoenix Marketcity, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Kurla, Mumbai. developed by \"The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd.\" Spread across 4.1 million sq ft the mall includes 2.1 million sq ft of retail space which is the largest mall in India in terms of area. It houses 600 stores with domestic and foreign brands, PVR Cinemas which has 14 movie screens and 70 restaurants. Its sister mall in Mumbai is High Street Phoenix, located in Lower Parel. The nearest railway stations are Kurla railway station and Vidyavihar railway station. The nearest","title":"Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai)"},{"id":"18143252","text":"Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai) Phoenix Marketcity, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Kurla, Mumbai. developed by \"The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd.\" Spread across 4.1 million sq ft the mall includes 2.1 million sq ft of retail space which is the largest mall in India in terms of area. It houses 600 stores with domestic and foreign brands, PVR Cinemas which has 14 movie screens and 70 restaurants. Its sister mall in Mumbai is High Street Phoenix, located in Lower Parel. The nearest railway stations are Kurla railway station and Vidyavihar railway station. The nearest bus stop","title":"Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai)"},{"id":"17881803","text":"Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore) Phoenix Marketcity is a shopping mall developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd., located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is the largest mall in Bangalore by area, occupying with of retail space on four floors, which houses over 270 stores, a nine-screen PVR Cinemas multiplex and a food court. On 28 October 2013, the PVR multiplex along with 54 other shops in the mall were sealed for not having obtained trade licences from the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike, but later reopened. On 18 May 2016, Phoenix Mall was raided along with other malls in the city, on","title":"Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore)"},{"id":"13860239","text":"by Nassau Reinsurance Group, a privately held company, for $217.2 million. The acquisition closed on June 20, 2016 and Phoenix became a private company. On March 15, 2004, Trust Operations were discontinued in the fourth quarter of 2003. Prior-period results have been restated. On March 11, 2005, the company's fourth-quarter and full-year 2004 net income reflected revised after-tax net gains of $40.4 million and $41.2 million, respectively, related to Phoenix's 16.5 percent equity stake in Aberdeen. The Phoenix Companies The Phoenix Companies, Inc. is a financial services company that traces its origins to 1851. Phoenix is headquartered in Hartford, Connecticut,","title":"The Phoenix Companies"},{"id":"16367796","text":"of Market Cities in Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore and Chennai. In Bangalore they have developed the residential project named as One Bangalore West in the heart of the city, Rajajainagar which is also listed amongst the tallest building in Bangalore. In Pune they are developing a residential property named as Phoenix Fountainhead near by Phoenix Market City. High Street Phoenix High Street Phoenix, formerly known as Phoenix Mall, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Lower Parel, Mumbai. Its gross floor area is . In addition to the mall, the compound hosts a five-star hotel, a multiplex,","title":"High Street Phoenix"},{"id":"17881804","text":"a tip-off that they were ignoring the ban on plastic bags. Phoenix was one of the bigger violators and over 1000 kg of plastic bags were seized from the mall and a fine imposed. Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore) Phoenix Marketcity is a shopping mall developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd., located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is the largest mall in Bangalore by area, occupying with of retail space on four floors, which houses over 270 stores, a nine-screen PVR Cinemas multiplex and a food court. On 28 October 2013, the PVR multiplex along with 54 other shops in the","title":"Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore)"},{"id":"13143908","text":"in Dadar were bought for by Matoshree Realtors and Kohinoor Consolidated Transport Network Ltd., companies which were floated by Raj Thackeray and Manohar Joshi respectively. Phoenix mills, Parel was converted into a \"luxury mall\". In 2005, the government-owned National Textile Corporation auctioned five mills, covering 600 acres, for . In February 2009, the NTC decided to auction another nine mills, covering an area of 90 acres, for about . The Shrinivas Mills of Lalbaug, covering 16 acres, are being redeveloped into World One – Asia's tallest residential building. There are conservation efforts underway to preserve the old mills as museums.","title":"Girangaon"},{"id":"13149889","text":"in Monroe. Target announced in late 2014 that it would close the Mall of Monroe store in early 2015. In late 2015, Family & Friends Funland opened in the former Old Navy. In 2016, Phoenix Theatres added 4 screens, eliminating the food court. In 2018, both Carson's stores closed as part of a chainwide liquidation. In 2003, the mall partnership sued Lemstone Books, a Christian bookstore chain, which had closed its store at the mall six months before the termination of its lease. In those six months, the chain did not pay rent. Lemstone had also claimed that another gift","title":"The Mall of Monroe"},{"id":"9228041","text":"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona) Metrocenter is a regional enclosed shopping mall in northwest Phoenix, Arizona. It is bounded roughly by Interstate 17, 35th, Dunlap and Peoria Avenues. Its current anchor stores are Dillard's Clearance Center and Walmart Supercenter. The mall features 100 stores, a 12 screen movie theater, and a food court. Since January 2012, the mall has been owned by the Carlyle Development Group based in New York City. Parts of the film \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\" were filmed in the mall. Metrocenter was a joint venture of Westcor, a regional shopping center development firm headed by a group","title":"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)"},{"id":"16367791","text":"High Street Phoenix High Street Phoenix, formerly known as Phoenix Mall, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Lower Parel, Mumbai. Its gross floor area is . In addition to the mall, the compound hosts a five-star hotel, a multiplex, commercial space and a residential tower. The mall consists of the Palladium, SkyZone and Grand Galleria. South Asia’s largest 20 lane bowling concourse, was first started here in 1996. India’s first Hyper market concept Big Bazaar was introduced in 2001 at High Street Phoenix. Bath & Body Works is opening in Mumbai on 21st December, 2018","title":"High Street Phoenix"},{"id":"8905042","text":"Arrowhead Towne Center Arrowhead Towne Center is a super-regional shopping mall located in Glendale, Arizona (west suburban Phoenix). The mall is managed by Macerich. It is anchored by Macy's, Sears, Dillard's, JCPenney, Forever 21, Dick's Sporting Goods, and AMC Theatres and is home to 132 tenants. It is currently the only enclosed shopping mall in Phoenix's western suburbs (referred to as the \"West Valley\"). The mall opened in October 1993 on land formerly occupied by an orange grove, located at Bell Road and 75th Avenue, and was jointly developed and owned by Westcor and General Growth Properties (the former which","title":"Arrowhead Towne Center"},{"id":"9787051","text":"Phoenix Pharmahandel PHOENIX Pharmahandel Aktiengesellschaft & Co KG (PHOENIX Group), headquartered in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, is the largest pharmaceutical wholesaler in Germany, and the second largest in Europe with about 153 distribution centers across the country delivering drugs to some 12,000 independent pharmacies. Its PHOENIX Documentation is an Internet-based archive offering detailed information on drugs, their components, indications, and effects. Formation of Holding company PHOENIX International Beteiligungs GmbH. Phoenix Group is majority owner of the pharmaceutical wholesalers Purus A.S. in the Czech Republic and Tamro in Finland. Phoenix Group itself is majority-owned by pharmaceutical conglomerate Merckle Group. The PHOENIX Pharmahandel Aktiengesellschaft","title":"Phoenix Pharmahandel"},{"id":"11532224","text":"Mesa Riverview Mesa Riverview is an outdoor shopping center in Mesa, Arizona (part of the Phoenix metropolitan area) located in the northwestern corner of the city near Loop 202 and Dobson Road. The shopping center has a gross leasable area of 1,115,112 square feet (103,000 m²).[1] Anchor stores include Bass Pro Shops, Cinemark Theatre, Home Depot, Bed Bath and Beyond, Petco, Walmart, Marshalls, Office Max, and Jo-Ann Fabrics. Owner, Kimco Realty Corp. (NYSE: KIM), is a real estate investment trust (REIT) headquartered in New Hyde Park, N.Y., that is one of North America’s largest publicly traded owners and operators of","title":"Mesa Riverview"},{"id":"8793964","text":"Fiesta Mall Fiesta Mall was a shopping center in the U.S. city of Mesa, Arizona (part of the Phoenix metropolitan area). Encompassing approximately 1 million square-feet of retail space, it was west of Alma School Road, between Southern Avenue and the US 60 (Superstition Freeway). As of the week of March 6, 2018 all the stores are gone, except for Dillard's Clearance and access to the main part of the mall is closed and the doors are locked. In May 2017, LNR Properties sold the mall to Dimension Financial & Realty Investments for $6.72 million. A spokesman for Dimension said","title":"Fiesta Mall"},{"id":"5335563","text":"Simon-Mills mall to make the switch. It is one of two malls Simon currently owns in Arizona, the other being the Phoenix Premium Outlets on the Gila River Indian Community near Chandler, Arizona, which opened on April 4, 2013. It is the third mall Simon has ever owned in Arizona, previously having owned Southgate Mall in Yuma, Arizona, and Metrocenter Mall in Phoenix, Arizona which is now owned by Carlyle Development Group. Arizona Mills Arizona Mills is an indoor shopping mall in Tempe, Arizona. It was co-owned by Simon Property Group (which owned 25%) and Taubman Centers and managed by","title":"Arizona Mills"},{"id":"16658933","text":"President of Soccer Operations on December 23, 2015. An investment group of music artists and executives led by Grammy Award winning DJ, record producer and rapper/songwriter Diplo purchased a minority stake in Arizona United on January 27, 2016. Scottsdale Stadium did not renew their lease with United and the team signed a three-year lease with their original stadium, Peoria Sports Complex, on January 26, 2016. Pete Wentz, bassist for the rock group Fall Out Boy, purchased a minority share on April 11, 2016. On August 31, 2016, team founder Kyle Eng sold his majority share to an investment group led","title":"Phoenix Rising FC"},{"id":"14511103","text":"an arena built at the former Los Arcos Mall in Scottsdale. Two auctions were conducted for foreclosed Westgate City Center properties. One auction, on September 19, 2011, was for properties securing a $97.5 million loan from iStar Financial. The auction failed to sell at a reserve price of $40 million, and the property became the property of iStar. A second auction was held on November 3, 2011 for properties securing a $202 million loan from Credit Suisse. No-one bid the $25 million minimum bid in the auction and Credit Suisse retained ownership of the properties. After Hulsizer dropped out, the","title":"Phoenix Coyotes bankruptcy and sale"},{"id":"2706735","text":"Apollo Global Management, the Vistria Group, and the Najafi Companies, for $1 billion. Former U.S. Department of Education Deputy Secretary Anthony W. Miller, partner and chief operating officer of Vistria, would become chairman. The sale would have to be approved by both the U.S. Department of Education and the accreditation group the Higher Learning Commission in order to go forward. In December 2016, the US Department of Education approved of the sale of Apollo Education Group to Apollo Global Management. However, the company was required to provide a letter of credit for up to $385 million. The main campus is","title":"University of Phoenix"},{"id":"5172974","text":"Rouse Company. The company also acquired Crown American Realty Trust. In 2006, the company acquired Woodland Mall for $177.4 million. In 2012, Joseph Coradino was named chief executive officer of the company. In 2013, the company sold 2 shopping centers for $87.3 million. In 2014, the company acquired a building in Philadelphia. In 2015, the company acquired Springfield Town Center for $465 million from Vornado Realty Trust. In 2016, the company sold 4 malls for $93 million. Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust is a publicly traded real estate investment trust that invests in shopping centers","title":"Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust"},{"id":"19780780","text":"with the launch of the designer jeans brand Gloria Vanderbilt and Tommy Hilfiger in 1985. In 2004, the Murjani group launched Tommy Hilfiger in India in addition to other brands, including Gucci, Jimmy Choo, Bottega Veneta, Calvin Klein and French Connection. In 2007, the Murjani group built India’s first luxury mall The Galleria, in Mumbai. Mohan Murjani Mohan Murjani is the Chairman of the Murjani group. He has developed, launched and built brands including Gloria Vanderbilt, Tommy Hilfiger and most recently, Vanderbilt New York. Born in India, raised in Hong Kong and educated in the UK and US, Murjani joined","title":"Mohan Murjani"},{"id":"13860238","text":"which was publicly held for five years. In 2001, Phoenix converted from a mutual to a stock company. The company is renamed The Phoenix Companies, Inc. and listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol of PNX. At the same time Phoenix Home Life Mutual Insurance Company changed its name to Phoenix Life Insurance Company. In 2008, Phoenix spun off its asset management subsidiary to shareholders as an independent publicly traded company renamed Virtus Investment Partners. In 2011, Phoenix sold its Goodwin Capital Advisers subsidiary to Conning & Company. In September 2015, Phoenix announced they were being acquired","title":"The Phoenix Companies"},{"id":"4238923","text":"entities: Though the company primarily operated in Goa and Karnataka, it has gradually expanded its operations in recent years to Odisha, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. As of 30 June 2018, the company is owned 50% by the promoters (under Finsider international and Twinstar holding, both holding companies owned under the names of 12 members of the Agarwal family) and 50% by the public. The promoters ownership (51%) is held under \"Westglobe limited\" under \"Twinstar holdings\" (37%) and Finsider international (11%). The balance 49% of the company is owned by mutual funds (ICICI Prudential), foreign portfolio","title":"Vedanta Limited"},{"id":"9228042","text":"of real estate investors and developers led by Russ \"Rusty\" Lyon, Jr., and Homart Development Company, the real estate division of Sears, Roebuck and Company. The project was announced in November 1970, the first site plans and artist renderings announced in the spring of 1972, and construction beginning in June 1972. The mall was designed by local architect Robert Fairburn, with the exception of the Broadway building designed by Charles Luckman. The Broadway building was constructed by the Del E. Webb Corporation. The mall was built on in an area of Phoenix that was a sparsely populated residential district at","title":"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)"},{"id":"15686372","text":"Phoenix American Incorporated Phoenix American Incorporated is a privately held financial services company headquartered in San Rafael, California. It is the parent of several companies: Phoenix American Financial Services / Phoenix Transfer, Phoenix Securitization Administration and Accounting, Phoenix Leasing Portfolio Services, Inc., SalesFocus Solutions, Phoenix Leasing Bank Services, Phoenix Leasing, Inc., and Phoenix Cable, Inc. Phoenix American Incorporated was founded in 1972 by Gus Constantin as a limited partnership syndication for the leasing of business equipment. Four business segments developed from these origins in limited partnership syndication: Leasing Portfolio Services, Transfer Agency and Investor Services, CRM/Sales Reporting/22c-2 Compliance (SalesFocus Solutions)","title":"Phoenix American Incorporated"},{"id":"12937339","text":"the chairman and founder of , along with the late founder of Sony, Akio Morita. He worked with Akio Morita to establish the business. He bought Bank Karman and changed its name to Bank Mega. He expanded his business interests into insurance and securities. Chairul is now involved in the television business; he founded Trans TV and acquired TV 7 from the Kompas-Gramedia Group. Chairul owns property projects such as Bandung Super Mall, Batam Indah Prospertindo, Para Bali Propertindo, and Mega Indah Propertindo. In 2012, he bought a minority share of Garuda Indonesia. His holding company is CT Corp., formerly","title":"Chairul Tanjung"},{"id":"9228046","text":"malls in more outlying communities took business away from Metrocenter. Crime in the mall's neighborhood and parking lot increased. Local car enthusiasts started cruising the mall in the early 80's, driving their cars around the property and socializing. Later Phoenix Police began blocking traffic for the \"cruisers\", which also inconvienced mall goers and led to a decline in weekend patronage. In January 2004, Metrocenter was sold by DVM Co., a joint venture of Simon Property Group and Rusty Lyon, Jr., to a joint venture of The Macerich Company and AEW Capital Management. The new ownership brought back the founding developer,","title":"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)"},{"id":"8905239","text":"a regional mall near the intersection of Route 101 and I-17, which is anchored by a Target store and an AMC movie theater complex. American Express, Discover Card, and Best Western Hotels operate major customer service call centers in this area. Paradise Valley Mall is a major shopping center located roughly at Tatum Boulevard and Cactus Road. The mall grounds also contain a Valley Metro transit stop for buses, and is slated as a location for light rail service in the future. It is not in the town of Paradise Valley, which is an exclusive, highly upscale independent municipality surrounded","title":"North/Northwest Phoenix"},{"id":"7618886","text":"Christown Spectrum Mall Chris-Town Mall is the oldest operating mall and was the third shopping mall built in Phoenix, Arizona, located on Bethany Home Road and 19th Avenue. The property currently is known as Christown Spectrum Mall, derived from Chris-Town Mall and Phoenix Spectrum Mall, names previously used in the past. Today it exists as an enclosed shopping mall, although the enclosed portion of the mall was greatly reduced when redevelopment changed the configuration closer to a power center. The Christown Spectrum Mall's anchor stores are JCPenney, Costco, SuperTarget, Walmart Supercenter, Big 5 Sporting Goods, Dollar Tree, PetSmart and Ross","title":"Christown Spectrum Mall"},{"id":"17172647","text":"can supply the plant for another 150 years. Although its name has remained constant, the company has had several owners. It was a division of Amcord from 1971 to 1979 and of Gifford-Hill from 1979 through 1987. Since then, the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community has owned the company and the plant. In 2003, the company's sales activities were combined with those of Salt River Sand and Rock under the name \"Salt River Materials Group\" (SRMG). Phoenix Cement Company The Phoenix Cement Company, headquartered in Phoenix, operates a cement plant in Clarkdale in the U.S. state of Arizona. Built in","title":"Phoenix Cement Company"},{"id":"8116108","text":"Chandler Fashion Center Chandler Fashion Center is a regional shopping center located in the city of Chandler, Arizona, and is the second largest mall in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The mall is owned by Macerich, and was opened on October 19, 2001 with more than 180 stores and five anchors including Arizona's second Nordstrom, Sears, Dillard's, Macy's and Harkins Theatres. The mall is located on Chandler Boulevard at the northwest corner of Price Road and Loop 202 Santan. Originally owned by Westcor, in 2002 Chandler Fashion Center became part of The Macerich Company’s portfolio. Sales at Chandler Fashion Center are","title":"Chandler Fashion Center"},{"id":"18909706","text":"to Unilev Capital Corp., a California real estate investment company, for $93.5 million. In July 2014, City Center and Angelo Gordon sold the original center section of the mall for $145 million to a partnership between the Nakash family (founders of Jordache) and investor Eli Gindi. The Nakashes and Gindi, along with home-curtains manufacturer Elyahu Cohen, then purchased the third, northern section of the mall from Unilev Capital for $139.5 million in January 2015. The Nakashes and Gindi consolidated their control of the mall in December 2015, buying the southern portion from Fieldman for $82.9 million. A planned expansion of","title":"Showcase Mall"},{"id":"9787052","text":"& Co was founded from the German regional wholesalers F. Reichelt AG (Hamburg), Otto Stumpf GmbH (Berlin), Ferd. Schulze GmbH (Mannheim), Otto Stumpf AG (Nuremberg), and Hageda AG (Cologne) in early 1994. The newly established enterprise has achieved a market leading position in its home markets from day one. Only one year later in 1995, the company brand PHOENIX was established and a major strategy roll-out throughout Germany, Hungary, Italy and the Netherlands was initiated: During this process PHOENIX acquired majority shareholdings in the Hungarian pharma wholesaling company Parma Rt., the Northern Italian pharmaceutical wholesaler Comifar S.p.A., 60-per cent shareholding","title":"Phoenix Pharmahandel"},{"id":"7551212","text":"The sale of Prime Retail and both REITs gave Lichtenstein a large fund to invest throughout 2011. According to reports, there was an estimated $350 million remaining from the Prime Retail sale, which was reinvested into new deals. In 2011, they purchased Festival Bay Mall in Florida for $25 million, Crown Plaza Boston North Shore hotel for $10 million and a residential development in Long Island City, New York, for $19.3 million. Lichtenstein and Lightstone Group announced the launch of Phoenix Development Partners, which aimed to develop large-scale renting opportunities in New York City. Despite the focus moving to New","title":"David Lichtenstein"},{"id":"8446548","text":"the company sold Waynesville Commons for $14.5 million. The company also acquired Mayfaire Town Center and Community Center for $192 million. In 2016, the company sold Renaissance Center for $129 million and The Crossings at Marshall Creek for $22.3 million. It also sold 3 malls for $75.1 million. In 2017, the company acquired five properties from Sears for $72.5 million in a leaseback transaction. The company was also added to the S&P 600 index. In October 2017, the company announced completion of a rebranding initiative, from which it will refer to itself as CBL Properties rather than the former \"CBL","title":"CBL Properties"},{"id":"8555413","text":"the Same hall along with Books-A-Million by Macy’s. Round 1 opened in 2017. On April 18, 2018, it was announced that Carson's would be closing as parent company The Bon-Ton was going out of business. The store closed on August 29, 2018. On May 31, 2018 Sears announced that it would also be closing it's Fox Valley Mall location as part of a plan to close 78 stores nationwide. The store closed on September 2, 2018. This leaves J. C. Penney and Macy's as the only remaining anchors. The mall is situated on Illinois Route 59 between U.S. 34 and","title":"Fox Valley Mall"},{"id":"8284104","text":"In October 2017, the city of Phoenix proposed that Amazon.com locate its \"second headquarters\", expected to employ 50,000 people, at the Park Central location. Park Central Mall has its own \"Central at Osborn / Midtown Station\" stop on the Valley Metro Rail system. Park Central Mall Park Central Mall was the first shopping mall in Phoenix, Arizona. It is located in Encanto Village, on Central Avenue and Osborn Road. Today it exists as a mixed-use, business park primarily occupied by regional administrative offices for non-profit hospital operator Dignity Health (formerly known as Catholic Healthcare West), and regional offices for UnitedHealth","title":"Park Central Mall"},{"id":"17296087","text":"2018 owner Hendon Properties announced the permanent closure of the mall, citing costs to rebuild as the primary factor after catastrophic damage from Hurricane Michael. Dillard's and JCPenney announced their locations would be repaired and reopened as stand-alone stores in 2019. Panama City Mall Panama City Mall was a single story enclosed shopping mall in Panama City, Florida. Opened in 1976, it features J. C. Penney, Dillard's, Bed Bath & Beyond, and Planet Fitness as its anchor stores. It is owned and managed by Hendon Properties of Atlanta as of September 2013, purchased from CBL & Associates Properties. The mall","title":"Panama City Mall"},{"id":"9228055","text":"all but vacant except for a few remaining restaurants. Intermittently, a seasonal Halloween costume company would rent out either part of the old Broadway store or the empty Best Buy store. This company would usually move in during mid-August and close a day or two after Halloween. Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona) Metrocenter is a regional enclosed shopping mall in northwest Phoenix, Arizona. It is bounded roughly by Interstate 17, 35th, Dunlap and Peoria Avenues. Its current anchor stores are Dillard's Clearance Center and Walmart Supercenter. The mall features 100 stores, a 12 screen movie theater, and a food court. Since January","title":"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)"},{"id":"17404384","text":"Darin Pastor Darin Richard Pastor (born February 19, 1971) is an American businessman, entrepreneur and inventor. He is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Capstone Financial Group, Inc. His family owned the Pepsi-Cola Buffalo Bottling Corp. and the Buffalo Bison Hockey Club. Pastor has worked at the financial firms American Mortgage Affiliates, JPMorgan Chase & Co., and Prudential. He submitted a bid to acquire the NHL’s Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2013. Pastor was born in Buffalo, New York to Sydney and Miriam (O'Mahony) Pastor, the eldest of two children. He is of Irish and Jewish descent and attended St. Andrews","title":"Darin Pastor"},{"id":"17835562","text":"Parkway Properties Parkway Properties, Inc. was a real estate investment trust that invested in office buildings in the Sun Belt. In 2016, the company was acquired by Cousins Properties. Notable properties owned by the company included Liberty Place, Phoenix Tower, San Felipe Plaza and Raymond James Tower in Memphis, Tennessee. The company was formed on May 17, 1996. In 2011, the company acquired the property management business of Eola Capital and its ownership stake in 6 properties for $462 million. In 2012, the company acquired Hearst Tower for $250 million. The company also sold 15 properties in Memphis, for $147.5","title":"Parkway Properties"},{"id":"7412478","text":"was torn down in 2004 for Regal Cinemas in 2005, and this was also likewise done at Pompano Citi Centre where the Dillard's was also demolished. T/S Development then bought the property in November 2004, and sold their interests to Investcorp International Realty, a global investment group, in December 2006. Investcorp engaged Gumberg Asset Management Corp in Fort Lauderdale to handle the day-to-day management and leasing of Southland Mall. Like Pompano Citi Centre, Southland Mall features JCPenney, Macy's, and Sears as its anchor stores. The mall also features a movie theater, LA Fitness, DSW Shoe Warehouse, Victoria's Secret, Old Navy,","title":"Southland Mall (Miami)"},{"id":"18911484","text":"the University of Phoenix; and utility company Pinnacle West. Choice Hotels International has its IT division and operations support center in the North Phoenix area. US Airways, now merged with American Airlines has a strong presence in Phoenix, with the corporate headquarters located in the city prior to the merger. US Air/American Airlines is the largest carrier at Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix. Mesa Air Group, a regional airline group, is headquartered in Phoenix. Economy of Phoenix The economy of Phoenix was focused during the early years of Phoenix primarily on agriculture and natural resources, dependent mainly on the","title":"Economy of Phoenix"},{"id":"15218254","text":"mall was turned over to a trust of unidentified lenders, who hired Cushman & Wakefield Inc. to oversee the mall. These new owners have planned a $200,000 renovation of the mall property, including a new sign on Wilder Road. Old Navy closed in mid-2012. Planet Fitness opened in October of the same year. Cushman & Wakefield sold the mall in April 2013 to Bay City Mall Partners LLC, which is a partnership of Lormax Stern and Wayzata Investment. Marshalls and rue21 both joined in late 2013. The movie theater complex was expanded in 2014, adding two new auditoriums with stadium","title":"Bay City Town Center"},{"id":"20248173","text":"Mall & Office Space and Hotels. In the residential segment, it offers developed plots, villas, penthouses, group housing and independent floors. The company is presently executing 39 real estate projects - 13 Group Housing, 16 Townships and 10 Commercial Malls, Hotels. Omaxe Omaxe Limited is a privately held real estate developer based in New Delhi, India. Founded by Mr. Rohtas Goel in 1989, the company has delivered more than 100 million sq. ft. of developed space including apartments, plots and commercial units. The company has a land bank of approx. 3,700 acres comprising 125 million sq. ft. of area, which","title":"Omaxe"},{"id":"9402996","text":"New Jersey as well as nearby Monmouth Mall, which Kushner acquired when it fully purchased the non-management joint venture with Vornado Realty Trust that owned the mall. Kushner Companies has received multiple loans from Israel’s Bank Hapoalim. Kushner Companies \"received a roughly $30 million investment from Menora Mivtachim\" in 2017. It was spent on \"a Maryland development\". Kushner Companies Kushner Companies LLC is an American real estate developer in the New York City metropolitan area. The company's biggest presence is in the New Jersey residential market. It also owns the Puck Building in New York City. Its founder, Charles Kushner,","title":"Kushner Companies"},{"id":"7616794","text":"sold in 2012 and has been under redevelopment into its current configuration as a power center since 2016. The mall was originally anchored by Sears and Shepards. The latter eventually became G. Fox, and later Filene's, before being divided into Kohl's and Walmart. The former is currently being converted into At Home and Raymour & Flanigan. The interior of the mall was turned into Burlington, Dick's Sporting Goods, and Planet Fitness. The land on which the mall sits was pasture land when Homart Development Company (the mall building subsidiary of Sears) purchased it in 1963. To accommodate the mall, a","title":"Rhode Island Mall"},{"id":"6454970","text":"with . saleable floor area. A second firm, Harpawan Constructors, equally unknown, had also been promoted by the brothers. In October 2005, the promoters of Filatex India, a polyester yarn firm with a turnover of Rs. 3 billion in FY 2007, Purshottam and Madhu Sudan Bhageria, also the owners of real estate firm Fargo Estates, invested in Harpawan. Subsequently, the Bhagerias announced plans for developing the Square One, a mall devoted to luxury brands in Delhi. Justice Sabharwal has said that Purshottam Bhageria was his son's childhood friend, and that Harparwan Construction, despite its name, has not made any real","title":"Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal"},{"id":"15502782","text":"Harvey Jacobson Harvey Jacobson (born 28 June 1956 in the City of Salford) is a businessman and entrepreneur based in the North West of England. He is the executive chairman of the Jacobson Group, an independent supplier of footwear in the UK, and owns over 75 shoe and clothing brands including Gola, Lotus, Ravel, Dunlop, Lonsdale, and Frank Wright. In addition to the Jacobson group, Jacobson also holds a range of personal business interests, ranging from property development to international trade distribution. On Jacobson's first visit to his father David's shoe shop as a six-year-old, he sold six pairs of","title":"Harvey Jacobson"},{"id":"9703151","text":"Ultimate Electronics in 2010. The chain went out of business only a year later. Steve & Barry's became Jo-Ann Fabrics in 2010. In 2013, The mall changed ownership once again. The mall was sold from Walton Street Capital LLC of Chicago to California-based Vintage Real Estate for an undisclosed price. Vintage Real Estate bought the center with plans to renovate and turnaround the struggling mall. Immediately after Vintage Real Estate acquired the mall, they announced the signing of a ten-year lease with Burlington Coat Factory to occupy the former Circuit City space that has been vacant for years. Burlington Coat","title":"The Mall at Whitney Field"},{"id":"15804825","text":"by his wife and five children; four daughters and one son. Their daughter Vinita D. Gupta is based in United States and is Group President and CEO and son Nilesh Gupta is the Managing Director based in India. Gupta died on 26 June 2017 at Mumbai, aged 79. Desh Bandhu Gupta Desh Bandhu Gupta (8 February 1938 – 26 June 2017) was an Indian billionaire, philanthropist, entrepreneur and the founder of Lupin Limited, a multinational pharmaceutical company. Gupta was born on 30 November 1938 in Rajgarh, Alwar, Rajasthan, and received a master's degree in chemistry from Bombay University. He was","title":"Desh Bandhu Gupta"},{"id":"12067324","text":"Phoenix Solar AG gained access to additional capital and a wider investing audience. On June 27, 2006, the shares of Phoenix officially were listed and started trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Prime Standard). Since June 2007 Phoenix Solar shares were listed in the ÖkoDAX and since March 2008 they are a constituent of the TecDAX stock market index. In July 2013 the company started building a 38.6-megawatt photovoltaic plant on a former cotton field in Georgia, based on a contract with \"Silicon Ranch Corporation\". In the same month two branches of Phoenix in Oman and Singapore became responsible for","title":"Phoenix Solar"},{"id":"7183231","text":"usual during the bankruptcy process. In June 2014, Brookstone was purchased by the Chinese investment firm, Sailing Capital, and Chinese conglomerate, Sanpower, for more than $173 million. The company emerged from bankruptcy in July 2014. On August 2, 2018, Brookstone announced they would be closing all their mall locations to focus on their Website and airport locations, days after the company was considering filing for bankruptcy. On August 6, 2018, Brookstone filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy and announced the closure of all 101 U.S. store locations. Pierre de Beaumont and his wife, Mary, began Brookstone in 1965, for $500. After","title":"Brookstone"},{"id":"8555055","text":"Macerich Macerich is a self-managed Real Estate Investment Trust headquartered in Santa Monica, California. It is the third-largest owner and operator of shopping centers in the United States. It traces its antecedents to the MaceRich Real Estate Company founded in New York in 1964 by \"Mace Siegel\" and \"Richard Cohen\" who combined their first names to name their company. After years of buying and owning shopping centers privately, in 1994 the company went public as \"The Macerich Company\". In 2006, the company name was rebranded to \"Macerich.\" In 2002, Macerich acquired Phoenix-based Westcor Partners for $1.475 billion. The purchase added","title":"Macerich"},{"id":"11692973","text":"Services, related to PNC Bank. At that time, the mall was valued at $61.2 million. In July 2013, the lenders put the mall up for sale, with \"best offer\" as the listed price. On November 21, 2013, the mall was sold for $54.5 million to Boulevard Ventures a subsidiary of a local capital firm, who hired local developer Roland Sansone as property manager and leasing agent. The sale was announced 11 days later. The mall's ownership was officially listed as Boulevard Ventures LLC (56.15 percent ownership) and 2495 Riviera LP (43.85 percent ownership). Boulevard Ventures purchased 56 of the mall's","title":"The Boulevard Mall"},{"id":"19826555","text":"Indosolar Indosolar Limited is an Indian photovoltaic cell and solar panel manufacturer. It is the largest PV cell manufacturer in India by capacity. Robin Garments Private Limited was incorporated under the Companies Act on 8 April 2005, by Indian entrepreneur Bhushan Kumar Gupta. Gupta had previously founded Phoenix Lamps Ltd., an automotive halogen lamp manufacturer. On 2 July 2008, shareholders decided to rename the company to Robin Solar Private Limited to reflect the company presence in the solar business. The Registrar of Companies (RoC) granted a new certificate of incorporation on 21 July 2008. On 16 September 2009, the Delhi","title":"Indosolar"},{"id":"18067577","text":"funds. As a minority-owned firm, Capri Capital was also an early investor in under-served urban markets such as South Los Angeles. In 2006, Capri capital purchased Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza, a Los Angeles regional mall. In 2012, Black Enterprise Magazine named Capri Capital as its Financial Services Company of the Year. In September 2013, under Primo's direction, Capri Capital launched Capri Global Capital, Limited, formed as part of a strategic alliance with Money Matters Financial Services Limited in India. The Indian company was renamed Capri Global Capital Limited. Primo is the non-executive chairman and director of Capri Global Capital Limited's","title":"Quintin E. Primo III"},{"id":"804114","text":"League relocated from St. Louis in 1988. The Suns played its first 24 seasons at Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum, located slightly northwest of downtown Phoenix. The franchise was formed by an ownership group led by Karl Eller, owner of a public enterprise, the investor Donald Pitt, Don Diamond, Bhavik Darji, Marvin Meyer, and Richard Bloch. Other owners with a minority stake consisted of entertainers, such as Andy Williams, Bobbie Gentry and Ed Ames. There were many critics, including then-NBA commissioner J. Walter Kennedy, who said that Phoenix was \"too hot\", \"too small\", and \"too far away\" to be considered a","title":"Phoenix Suns"},{"id":"4950602","text":"Phoenix Air Phoenix Air Group, often just referred to as Phoenix Air, is a non-scheduled airline headquartered in Cartersville, Georgia, USA, with the city's airport serving as its base. Founded in 1978 by Army helicopter pilot and race car driver Mark Thompson, Phoenix Air operates worldwide charter flights (passenger and cargo; catering for corporate, military or air ambulance demands). Phoenix Air employs just over 200 skilled workers from Cartersville, Ga and the Atlanta metro area. In 2007, Phoenix Air had been named the world's largest owner-operator of Grumman Gulfstream I aircraft. At that time, its fleet consisted of the following:","title":"Phoenix Air"},{"id":"13693539","text":"shopping centres that can be found in Phoenix's CBD. These centres cater for various needs from top brand shops to local products. Phoenix Plaza owned by Vukile Property Fund is a shopping centre situated north of Durban. The centre is home to more than 105 independent and national retailers with Shoprite as its anchor tenant. The shopping centre totalling a gross lettable area of 24,341 m² was built in 1993. Three main means of public transport are available: private owned buses, taxis and the rail system.Uber & Taxify & , Phoenix has its own railway station which connects to many","title":"Phoenix, Durban"},{"id":"19745901","text":"Lake WOW commissioned operation in August 2012; and Water Park commissioned operation in August 2013. Phase III is being planned and is envisaged to begin development in FY 2017. The management of Entertainment City vests with the Board of Directors. The strategic and day-to-day management of the company lies with Managing Directors Rana Rajesh and Monny Vijeshwar, under the guidance of Shri Gian Vijeshwar, Chairman of the Company and founder of Appu Ghar, Delhi. As of 2016, Entertainment City houses Worlds of Wonder amusement park, Worlds of Wonder water park, Wonder Speedway go-karting track, two malls (The Great India Place","title":"Entertainment City Ltd."},{"id":"20122587","text":"Chandru Raheja Chandru Lachmandas Raheja (born 1941) is an Indian billionaire property developer, mostly of IT parks, hotels, malls, and the department store chain Shoppers Stop, of which he is the chairman. Chandru Raheja was born in 1941, the son of Lachmandas Raheja, and has four brothers. He has a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Mumbai. His cousin Rajan Raheja is also a billionaire. Chandru established his own real estate firm in the year 1996 when the business was divided into three groups between Gopal Raheja who is the chairman for K Raheja Constructions, Suresh Raheja, the","title":"Chandru Raheja"},{"id":"14688968","text":"million, Four-Pillars Hotels for 90 million, and Principal Hayley Group for 360 million. In February 2014, Starwood Property Trust spun off Starwood Waypoint Residential Trust, a single-family rental real estate investment trust. In March 2014, the firm acquired a stake in the A.S. Roma football club. In January 2016, SWRT was merged with Colony American Homes in a $7.7 billion merger, creating Colony Starwood Homes. In October 2014, Starwood purchased 7 upscale malls in Virginia, Florida, North Carolina, Texas, and Michigan from Taubman Centers in a $1.4 billion transaction. In 2016, the company acquired 23,262 apartments from Equity Residential for","title":"Starwood Capital Group"},{"id":"9067728","text":"management duties in March 1998 and the mall was owned by a joint venture of Macerich and Simon Property Group. In January 2012, the mall became completely owned and managed by Simon. J.C. Penney moved from downtown Sioux City to Target's anchor space in mid-2004, one year after Target moved to a free-standing Target Greatland store. Scheels All Sports and Barnes & Noble opened in 2003 and 2004 respectively. In 2003, the National Park Service named Southern Hills Mall a national trail site after the mall commissioned 38 paintings that commemorate the Lewis and Clark Expedition's 200th anniversary. In 2018,","title":"Southern Hills Mall"},{"id":"19442135","text":"IST Start-Up Week, which was hosted by Pennsylvania State University. The company also opened its first \"brick-and-mortar\" showroom at Phoenix in December, which was made as \"an experiment\" and was available by appointment only. Tuft & Needle acquired the premium 2-letter domain name TN.com in September 2015 for an undisclosed sum. The company established its headquarters at the historical O.S. Stapley Hardware buildings at Grand Avenue in Phoenix in December 2015, after a city grant of $300,000 was used to improve and repair the buildings by a real estate developer. The company also had an alleged 150% sales increase after","title":"Tuft & Needle"},{"id":"14560607","text":"Inorbit Mall Inorbit Mall is a subsidiary of the Evo enterprises and K. Raheja Corporation which runs shopping malls in various parts of India. The first Inorbit Mall opened in 2004, in Malad, Mumbai. Inorbit Malls launched their second property in Navi Mumbai at Vashi, in October 2008; third in Hyderabad in October 2009. fourth in Pune in April 2011 which was closed down in November 2016, fifth in Bangalore on 15 September 2012 and sixth in Vadodara on 5 September 2013. The company follows a lease-plus-revenue mode revenue model for all its properties. The mall provides a one-stop destination","title":"Inorbit Mall"},{"id":"8196176","text":"was supportive of while at Sony BMG Music Canada. Zbitnew took over the Phoenix Concert Theatre in September 2014, where she continues to serve as President and Owner/Operator. Zbitnew has also supported the Unison Benevolent Fund, an emergency relief foundation that assists members of the music community in need of financial support. Lisa Zbitnew Lisa Zbitnew is the CEO of Bandwidth Music and Marketing as well as President and Owner/Operator of the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto. Zbitnew studied Business Administration and Marketing at Humber College. She was the CEO of War Child North America from 2008 to 2011. Zbitnew","title":"Lisa Zbitnew"},{"id":"4034927","text":"1996, Howard Hughes Corporation, which had extensive property and other business interests, became a subsidiary. On November 12, 2004, the Rouse Company was sold to General Growth Properties. In 2012, General Growth Properties spun off 30 malls into a new real estate investment trust, Rouse Properties. The Rouse Company The Rouse Company, founded by Hunter Moss and James W. Rouse in 1939, was a publicly held shopping mall and community developer from 1956 until 2004, when General Growth Properties Inc. (now Brookfield Properties Retail Group) purchased the company. The Moss-Rouse Company was founded as a FHA mortgage company with a","title":"The Rouse Company"},{"id":"18911477","text":"Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce, in 2012 (the latest year for which data is available), the Phoenix MSA had a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of just over $201 billion, a 4.5% increase over the prior year. Phoenix's GDP finally exceeded the high it had attained in 2008, prior to the recession. The top 10 industries were, in descending order: real estate ($31B), financial services ($21.3B), manufacturing ($16.8B), health care ($15.7B), retail ($14.9B), wholesale ($12.9B), professional services ($12.8B), construction ($10.4B), waste management ($9.1B), and tourism ($6.8B). Government, if it had been a private industry, would have","title":"Economy of Phoenix"},{"id":"11882291","text":"each floor. Additionally, several vertical columns on the north and south facades were removed, giving the building a smoother more modern appearance. The skylift elevator is no longer functional. On June 13, 2013, a Notice of Trustee Sale was recorded against the property, with the property scheduled to go to auction on September 18, 2013. The note on the property was purchased by Colony Capital in 2013. The building was in receivership with Trident Pacific Real Estate and Colony closed on the building towards the end of the year.Colony has made significant upgrades to the property, including: renovating the lobby,","title":"Phoenix Corporate Center"},{"id":"17835564","text":"spun off its Houston assets into a new company called Parkway, Inc. Parkway Properties Parkway Properties, Inc. was a real estate investment trust that invested in office buildings in the Sun Belt. In 2016, the company was acquired by Cousins Properties. Notable properties owned by the company included Liberty Place, Phoenix Tower, San Felipe Plaza and Raymond James Tower in Memphis, Tennessee. The company was formed on May 17, 1996. In 2011, the company acquired the property management business of Eola Capital and its ownership stake in 6 properties for $462 million. In 2012, the company acquired Hearst Tower for","title":"Parkway Properties"},{"id":"20212662","text":"founding partner of Social Venture Partners, a philanthropic venture capital fund that invests in emerging nonprofit organizations, as well as on the board of Urban Land Institute and the Arizona State University Committee for Design Excellence. He was named to the \"Phoenix Business Journal\"'s Forty under 40 list in 2001. He serves as partial owner and vice chairman of the Phoenix Suns professional basketball team and a governor on the board of the National Basketball Association. He has also served on the board of directors for the Phoenix Symphony and Phoenix Metropolitan Area Convention and Visitors Bureau, and as chair","title":"Jahm Najafi"},{"id":"10794387","text":"and Delek Drilling LP. The group's USA operations, Delek US Holdings, Inc. (), are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. On June 22, 2015, The Delek Group agreed to sell a 52% controlling stake of Phoenix Holding company (insurance and financial undertaking) to the Chinese civilian-run conglomerate Fosun International. Delek, The Israel Fuel Corporation Ltd, was founded in 1951 In August 2007, Delek Benelux took over marketing activities for Chevron Global Energy Inc. in Benelux, including 869 fueling stations, mostly under the Texaco brand. The same month, Delek Israel's Delek Pi-Glilot, a fuel storage and distribution company operating in","title":"Delek"},{"id":"13280833","text":"Elder-Beerman space in November. On March 25, 2016, DSNH announced that it would close this satellite museum; it did so on April 30. The mall went into receivership in July 2014. In spring 2015, Macy's and J. C. Penney closed their stores in the mall. The mall's cinema, an original tenant, closed on February 20, 2017. In 2017, the Macy's site was purchased by the Clark County Land Reutilization Corporation, a land bank, for about $200,000. In May 2018, the land bank purchased the rest of the site, exclusive of Sears, from its then-owner, Urban Retail Properties, for slightly more","title":"Upper Valley Mall"},{"id":"9228048","text":"The food court and play center were remodeled. In November 2007, a closed-circuit camera television system was installed that is sophisticated enough to read the license plate number of any car in the mall's parking lot. Public view monitors were installed at the entrances to the mall showing that entrance to people as they entered the mall. On April 6, 2010 Jones Lang LaSalle took over management and 15% ownership of Metrocenter Mall from Macerich. Later in 2010, the mall was put up for sale and in January 2012, the sale to the Carlyle Development Group for $12.2 million was","title":"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)"},{"id":"18811771","text":"Flagstaff Mall Flagstaff Mall is a regional shopping mall located in Flagstaff, Arizona, is operated by Cypress Equities. The mall opened in 1979, and is anchored by Dillard's, JCPenney, and Sears. Flagstaff Mall opened in 1979, developed by Phoenix-based real estate company Westcor. The mall's original anchors JCPenney and Sears had previously existed in downtown Flagstaff, but had moved to anchor the mall at opening. Dillard's joined the mall in 1986. On August 22, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 46 stores nationwide. The store will close in November 2018.","title":"Flagstaff Mall"},{"id":"12639193","text":"In 1998, the company acquired 5 shopping malls for $375 million. In 1999, the company received a $1 billion investment from Nomura Holdings to build 4 shopping centers. On January 26, 1994, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. In 2004, the company sold 25 properties for $103.1 million. In 2007, the company sold University Mall in Tampa, Florida for $149 million. In 2010, the company closed a $320 million joint venture with The Blackstone Group, which included the sale of a 60% interest in 2 malls. In 2011, the company completed an asset swap with","title":"Glimcher Realty Trust"},{"id":"12322029","text":"under a brand that had previously been used for the Silver Spring proposal. The mall was intended to open in fall 2013, but legal disputes with the New York Giants and Jets and financial setbacks have continually delayed construction. As with many of Triple Five's projects, the company has requested significant public funding to build American Dream Meadowlands, and has received hundreds of millions of dollars from the state of New Jersey to finish the project. As of 2018, construction is ongoing and the mall is expected to open in March 2019. Triple Five announced American Dream Miami in 2015,","title":"Triple Five Group"},{"id":"8100956","text":"remained until parent company The Bon-Ton filed for bankruptcy in 2018 and closed all stores. Meridian Mall features about 125 stores and a food court, plus a movie theater on its periphery. The mall's anchor stores are J. C. Penney, Macy's, and Dick's Sporting Goods. Other major tenants include Bed Bath & Beyond, H&M, Launch Trampoline, Old Navy, Planet Fitness, and Schuler Books & Music. Meridian Mall is owned and managed by CBL Properties, which has owned it since 1998. Meridian Mall was built by the M.H. Hausman Company and opened to the public on November 6, 1969. The mall","title":"Meridian Mall"},{"id":"7499962","text":"of snacks in Southeast Asia. In July 2014, URC acquired Griffin's Foods from Pacific Equity Partners, a New Zealand food company for $609 million. He also controls Robinsons Land, one of the biggest property developers in the Philippines, which also operates a chain of malls. The Gokongwei Family controls over $20 billion of combined market capitalization for all the companies they own. In February 2008, Forbes Asia magazine’s first Heroes of Philanthropy list included 4 Filipinos – Jaime Zobel de Ayala, John Gokongwei, Ramón del Rosario Jr., and Óscar López.The list is composed of 4 philanthropists each from 13 selected","title":"John Gokongwei"},{"id":"8516753","text":"Iconix Brand Group Iconix Brand Group is an American brand management company that licenses brands to retailers and manufacturers primarily in the apparel, footwear, and apparel accessory industries. Its brands are available in such stores as Kohl's, Kmart, Sears, Macy's, Target and JC Penney. The company began as Candie's, Inc., whose brand it purchased in 1993. The Bongo brand was purchased in 1998. The Badgley Mischka brand was purchased in 2004. The Joe Boxer and Rampage brands were acquired on July 22, 2005, and September 15, 2005, respectively. In 2006, the company acquired the Mudd, London Fog, Mossimo, Ocean Pacific","title":"Iconix Brand Group"},{"id":"6050764","text":"Phoenix, Eastmont Town Center in Oakland, California, Windsor Park Mall in San Antonio (now the global headquarters of Rackspace), Global Mall at the Crossings in Nashville, Tennessee, and the Coral Springs Mall in Florida. Allegheny Center Mall, a retail mall just north of downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, closed as a retail mall in the early 1990s. The mall was successfully redeveloped into office space, but much of the space was taken by telecommunications carriers, data center operators, and Internet Service Providers, and is now a major carrier hotel serving southwestern Pennsylvania. Other times, redevelopment can involve a conversion from a shopping","title":"Dead mall"},{"id":"8284097","text":"Park Central Mall Park Central Mall was the first shopping mall in Phoenix, Arizona. It is located in Encanto Village, on Central Avenue and Osborn Road. Today it exists as a mixed-use, business park primarily occupied by regional administrative offices for non-profit hospital operator Dignity Health (formerly known as Catholic Healthcare West), and regional offices for UnitedHealth Group. The property currently is known simply as Park Central. Park Central Shopping City, as it originally was known, was first envisioned by Ralph Burgbacher and his older brother, A.J. Burgbacher. The two men purchased the Central Avenue Dairy in the 1950s. At","title":"Park Central Mall"},{"id":"11843910","text":"purchased by Parkway Properties in December, 2012 for US$124.5 million. Trico Marine Services, a former corporate tenant, relocated its corporate headquarters to The Woodlands. Trico maintains a minor presence in the tower. In 2009 Trico sublet to the law firm Edison, McDowell & Hetherington. The Phoenix Tower was the former headquarters for Champion Technologies. After its acquisition by Ecolab, it formed the combined company of Nalco Champion. The new company will office a large part of its employees as it consolidates its operations. In 1983, Hurricane Alicia's winds sent debris from the parking deck that was under construction onto the","title":"Phoenix Tower (Houston)"},{"id":"12220166","text":"to Tower 2 are available. Ernst & Young's name and logo can be seen on the northeastern and southwestern elevations. Tower 2 signs are on the east and west elevation. Developed by Trammell Crow Company, Renaissance Square was sold to the Pauls Corporation in 2005 for . Subsequently in late 2007, the Pauls Corporation sold the complex to the Hines U.S. Core Office Fund for . It was the second-largest commercial exchange in Phoenix in 2007. In December, 2016 Oaktree Capital Management & Cypress Office Properties purchased the towers from Hines for US$150 million. In late 2017 the project underwent","title":"Renaissance Square"},{"id":"3645173","text":"the Tapestry company is known as a luxury -goods company, it made sense to buy-out a luxury shoe brand. Declined around 2-3% due to the name change. The company made a steady increase back to what it is today in 2018. Stocks as of October 2018 are at 42.51 USD(United States Dollars) while the high is $43.53 and the low is at $43.39. Tapestry, Inc. Tapestry, Inc. is an American multinational luxury fashion holding company based in New York City and is the parent company of three major brands: Coach New York, Kate Spade New York, and Stuart Weitzman. This","title":"Tapestry, Inc."},{"id":"17731221","text":"Being a subsidiary of Emaar, the company is also controlled and managed by Emaar in India. Emaar is a public company established in 1997 under the laws of Dubai, UAE and is listed on the Dubai Financial Market. Its market capitalization is over USD 14 billion and assets are valued at over USD 26 billion. It has developed master-planned communities internationally, and is present in several key global markets like the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Europe, USA and Canada. Emaar’s flagship development Downtown Dubai hosts iconic properties like the Burj Khalifa, The Dubai Mall and The Dubai Fountain. It has","title":"Emaar India"},{"id":"14269202","text":"Group (from 2002), and Richard E. Jacobs Group initially. The mall was placed in receivership in the third quarter of 2016, pending foreclosure, with management transferred to Madison Marquette while a new owner was sought. The foreclosure finalized in June 2017, making C-III Capital Partners the temporary owner. The mall's anchor stores, though attached to the mall, are owned separately. Borders closed in 2011 and was replaced with V∙Stock. Anchor store Dillard's closed in September 2016 due to flooding following a water main break; the store was expected to reopen in 2017, but in early 2018 the company announced the","title":"Chesterfield Mall"},{"id":"18160534","text":"mall was found to be burning 6000 litres of diesel daily due to a lack of electricity connection to the grid. The mall requires a 15MW power supply. In September 2015, Mumbai's Carnival Group bought Elante Mall, at a price of Rs 1,785 crore(more than US$ 274 million) making it one of the biggest deal for a single real estate or property in India at the time. On 28 July 2017, Nexus Malls, a subsidiary of US-based global investment firm Blackstone Group bought Elante Mall for an undisclosed amount. This is the second time Elante Mall is sold in two","title":"Elante Mall"},{"id":"15686373","text":"and Phoenix Cable. The company was publicly traded from 1982 until 1990. Gus Constantin remains the president, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Phoenix American Incorporated and all its subsidiaries. Phoenix American Incorporated is headquartered in San Rafael, California with regional headquarters in Shannon, Ireland, Hyderabad, India and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Subsidiary Phoenix American Financial Services is a Securities and Exchange Commission registered provider of Transfer Agent services to alternative investment companies and hosts the STAR-XMS system. Subsidiary SalesFocus Solutions provides [Customer Relationship Management] (CRM) solutions primarily to banks, insurance companies and asset management firms. SalesFocus Solutions","title":"Phoenix American Incorporated"},{"id":"4107727","text":"more centrally-located City Creek Center mall, opened in 2012 by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Gateway's owner, Vestar Development Co. is looking to value the mall soon. The previous owners, Retail Properties of America Inc. had valued the mall to 75 million dollars in 2014 and would expect further decline. Previous efforts to stabilize and sell the mall had failed. In the meantime, some of the outdoor areas had been upgraded, and nearby development projects had been planned. The Gateway Mall, in 2016, had been sold to a company in Phoenix, Arizona named \"Vestar\". The company","title":"The Gateway (Salt Lake City)"},{"id":"20212661","text":"Jahm Najafi Jahm Najafi is an Iranian-American businessman. He runs Najafi Companies, a Phoenix, Arizona-based private-equity firm, and is partial owner of the Phoenix Suns NBA team. Najafi worked for Salomon Brothers, a Wall Street firm that became part of Citigroup, before he served as CEO of Pivotal Private Equity and partner and COO of the parent company, The Pivotal Group, which he ran with his brother, Francis Najafi. Pivotal focused on the purchase of commercial properties, such as The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, Alameda, California-based Harbor Bay and 650 California Street in San Francisco. Najafi was a","title":"Jahm Najafi"},{"id":"20122588","text":"chairman of K Raheja Universal and Chandru Raheja, the chairman of K Raheja Corp, and Shoppers Stop Ltd. K Raheja Corp has built several residences, offices, malls, hotels and IT parks such as Mindspace, Shoppers Stop, and Orbit Malls. Raheja is married to Jyoti C. Raheja, they have two children, Ravi and Neel, and live in Mumbai, India. Ravi and Neel Raheja are group presidents of K Raheja Corp. Chandru Raheja Chandru Lachmandas Raheja (born 1941) is an Indian billionaire property developer, mostly of IT parks, hotels, malls, and the department store chain Shoppers Stop, of which he is the","title":"Chandru Raheja"},{"id":"12067323","text":"approved a change of name from \"Phönix SonnenStrom AG\" to \"Phoenix Solar AG\". Phoenix Solar AG has its headquarters at Sulzemoos northwest of Munich, Germany and sales offices in Germany, as well as subsidiaries in Italy, Spain, Greece, Singapore, Oman and Australia and the USA. Since November 18, 2004, the \"Phoenix SonnenAktie\" (shares of the company) have been traded on the OTC stock exchanges in Munich, Frankfurt, Berlin / Bremen and Stuttgart. With the start of share trading on the M: access exchange (the segment of the Munich Stock Exchange dedicated to small and mid-cap companies) on July 27, 2005,","title":"Phoenix Solar"},{"id":"3719332","text":"Thomas Nolan left the company and Sandeep Mathrani, formerly the head of the retail division of Vornado Realty Trust, was named CEO. In 2011, the company sold Faneuil Hall for $140 million. In January 2012, the company completed the spin off of The Rouse Company to its shareholders. In 2013, co-founder Matthew Bucksbaum died. In February 2014, Bill Ackman sold his remaining shares in the company back to the company for $556 million. In April 2015, the company acquired the Crown Building for $1.78 billion. In January 2017, the company changed its name to GGP Inc. Rouse Properties was formed","title":"Brookfield Properties Retail Group"},{"id":"3129414","text":"after being co-located for several years with its local NBC affiliate WDIV-TV in Detroit. Stations are arranged in alphabetical order by state and city of license. Cable ONE is an Internet and cable television provider based in the Phoenix, Arizona, area serving over 730,000 customers in 19 states. In November 2014, Graham Holdings said it would spin off Cable ONE as a separate, publicly traded company in 2015. The spin-off was completed on July 1, 2015. Graham Holdings Company also owns three firms active in various capacities on the World Wide Web. These include The Slate Group, which publishes \"Slate\",","title":"Graham Holdings Company"},{"id":"12791046","text":"Klépierre Klépierre is a French real estate investment trust (REIT) and Europe’s second-biggest publicly traded mall operator. It was founded in 1990. It focuses on the ownership, management and development of shopping centers across Continental Europe. The company’s largest shareholders are Simon Property Group, which owns 20.3% of the shares, and APG (13.1%), a Netherlands-based pension fund. Klepierre shares are listed on Euronext Paris and is a member of the CAC Next 20 index of French companies. In July 2014, Klépierre offered to buy Dutch competitor Corio NV. The deal was completed on March 31, 2015. Through this transaction Klépierre","title":"Klépierre"},{"id":"1833252","text":"in Newport Beach, California. With The Coca-Cola Company purchasing a minority stake in the company in August 2018, the valuation of Bryant's stake rose to approximately $200 million. On August 22, 2016, Bryant and his business partner Jeff Stibel launched Bryant-Stibel, a venture capital firm focused on different businesses including media, data, gaming, and technology, with $100 million in funding. On October 23, 2018, Bryant's book \"The Mamba Mentality: How I Play\", with photographs by Andrew D. Bernstein, an introduction by Phil Jackson, and a foreword by Pau Gasol, was published by MCD / Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The book","title":"Kobe Bryant"},{"id":"12922925","text":"formed in 2004 by GI Partners, which contributed 21 data centers that it acquired through bankruptcy auctions and from distressed companies at a 20–40% discount to replacement cost. On November 4, 2004, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. At that time, the company owned 23 properties comprising 5.6 million square feet. In August 2006, the company sold a building in Denver, Colorado to TIAA-CREF for $60.42 million. The company also acquired a property in Phoenix, Arizona for $175 million. By March 2007, GI Partners had sold all of its shares in the company. In January","title":"Digital Realty"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"19186180\",\n \"text\": \"Adidas, Puma, Zara, Nike, Jack&Jones Tommy Hilfiger etc. The mall also consists of Reliance Trends, Reliance Digital and others Phoenix Marketcity (Pune) Phoenix Market City is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Pune, Maharashtra. It was opened in January 2011 and is one of the largest malls in India, with the area of 3.4 million square feet. It is located in the Vimannagar area of Pune. Phoenix Market City has four floors of retail space and several features such as a retail zone, a food court with fine dining restaurants and quick service restaurants, and a\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Marketcity (Pune)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19186179\",\n \"text\": \"Phoenix Marketcity (Pune) Phoenix Market City is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Pune, Maharashtra. It was opened in January 2011 and is one of the largest malls in India, with the area of 3.4 million square feet. It is located in the Vimannagar area of Pune. Phoenix Market City has four floors of retail space and several features such as a retail zone, a food court with fine dining restaurants and quick service restaurants, and a nine-screen PVR Cinemas. The food court at the mall has several options. Multinational companies for clothing and style are\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Marketcity (Pune)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18143253\",\n \"text\": \"is Kamani. Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai) Phoenix Marketcity, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Kurla, Mumbai. developed by \\\"The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd.\\\" Spread across 4.1 million sq ft the mall includes 2.1 million sq ft of retail space which is the largest mall in India in terms of area. It houses 600 stores with domestic and foreign brands, PVR Cinemas which has 14 movie screens and 70 restaurants. Its sister mall in Mumbai is High Street Phoenix, located in Lower Parel. The nearest railway stations are Kurla railway station and Vidyavihar railway station. The nearest\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18143252\",\n \"text\": \"Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai) Phoenix Marketcity, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Kurla, Mumbai. developed by \\\"The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd.\\\" Spread across 4.1 million sq ft the mall includes 2.1 million sq ft of retail space which is the largest mall in India in terms of area. It houses 600 stores with domestic and foreign brands, PVR Cinemas which has 14 movie screens and 70 restaurants. Its sister mall in Mumbai is High Street Phoenix, located in Lower Parel. The nearest railway stations are Kurla railway station and Vidyavihar railway station. The nearest bus stop\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17881803\",\n \"text\": \"Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore) Phoenix Marketcity is a shopping mall developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd., located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is the largest mall in Bangalore by area, occupying with of retail space on four floors, which houses over 270 stores, a nine-screen PVR Cinemas multiplex and a food court. On 28 October 2013, the PVR multiplex along with 54 other shops in the mall were sealed for not having obtained trade licences from the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike, but later reopened. On 18 May 2016, Phoenix Mall was raided along with other malls in the city, on\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13860239\",\n \"text\": \"by Nassau Reinsurance Group, a privately held company, for $217.2 million. The acquisition closed on June 20, 2016 and Phoenix became a private company. On March 15, 2004, Trust Operations were discontinued in the fourth quarter of 2003. Prior-period results have been restated. On March 11, 2005, the company's fourth-quarter and full-year 2004 net income reflected revised after-tax net gains of $40.4 million and $41.2 million, respectively, related to Phoenix's 16.5 percent equity stake in Aberdeen. The Phoenix Companies The Phoenix Companies, Inc. is a financial services company that traces its origins to 1851. Phoenix is headquartered in Hartford, Connecticut,\",\n \"title\": \"The Phoenix Companies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16367796\",\n \"text\": \"of Market Cities in Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore and Chennai. In Bangalore they have developed the residential project named as One Bangalore West in the heart of the city, Rajajainagar which is also listed amongst the tallest building in Bangalore. In Pune they are developing a residential property named as Phoenix Fountainhead near by Phoenix Market City. High Street Phoenix High Street Phoenix, formerly known as Phoenix Mall, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Lower Parel, Mumbai. Its gross floor area is . In addition to the mall, the compound hosts a five-star hotel, a multiplex,\",\n \"title\": \"High Street Phoenix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17881804\",\n \"text\": \"a tip-off that they were ignoring the ban on plastic bags. Phoenix was one of the bigger violators and over 1000 kg of plastic bags were seized from the mall and a fine imposed. Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore) Phoenix Marketcity is a shopping mall developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd., located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is the largest mall in Bangalore by area, occupying with of retail space on four floors, which houses over 270 stores, a nine-screen PVR Cinemas multiplex and a food court. On 28 October 2013, the PVR multiplex along with 54 other shops in the\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Marketcity (Bangalore)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13143908\",\n \"text\": \"in Dadar were bought for by Matoshree Realtors and Kohinoor Consolidated Transport Network Ltd., companies which were floated by Raj Thackeray and Manohar Joshi respectively. Phoenix mills, Parel was converted into a \\\"luxury mall\\\". In 2005, the government-owned National Textile Corporation auctioned five mills, covering 600 acres, for . In February 2009, the NTC decided to auction another nine mills, covering an area of 90 acres, for about . The Shrinivas Mills of Lalbaug, covering 16 acres, are being redeveloped into World One – Asia's tallest residential building. There are conservation efforts underway to preserve the old mills as museums.\",\n \"title\": \"Girangaon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13149889\",\n \"text\": \"in Monroe. Target announced in late 2014 that it would close the Mall of Monroe store in early 2015. In late 2015, Family & Friends Funland opened in the former Old Navy. In 2016, Phoenix Theatres added 4 screens, eliminating the food court. In 2018, both Carson's stores closed as part of a chainwide liquidation. In 2003, the mall partnership sued Lemstone Books, a Christian bookstore chain, which had closed its store at the mall six months before the termination of its lease. In those six months, the chain did not pay rent. Lemstone had also claimed that another gift\",\n \"title\": \"The Mall of Monroe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9228041\",\n \"text\": \"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona) Metrocenter is a regional enclosed shopping mall in northwest Phoenix, Arizona. It is bounded roughly by Interstate 17, 35th, Dunlap and Peoria Avenues. Its current anchor stores are Dillard's Clearance Center and Walmart Supercenter. The mall features 100 stores, a 12 screen movie theater, and a food court. Since January 2012, the mall has been owned by the Carlyle Development Group based in New York City. Parts of the film \\\"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" were filmed in the mall. Metrocenter was a joint venture of Westcor, a regional shopping center development firm headed by a group\",\n \"title\": \"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16367791\",\n \"text\": \"High Street Phoenix High Street Phoenix, formerly known as Phoenix Mall, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Lower Parel, Mumbai. Its gross floor area is . In addition to the mall, the compound hosts a five-star hotel, a multiplex, commercial space and a residential tower. The mall consists of the Palladium, SkyZone and Grand Galleria. South Asia’s largest 20 lane bowling concourse, was first started here in 1996. India’s first Hyper market concept Big Bazaar was introduced in 2001 at High Street Phoenix. Bath & Body Works is opening in Mumbai on 21st December, 2018\",\n \"title\": \"High Street Phoenix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8905042\",\n \"text\": \"Arrowhead Towne Center Arrowhead Towne Center is a super-regional shopping mall located in Glendale, Arizona (west suburban Phoenix). The mall is managed by Macerich. It is anchored by Macy's, Sears, Dillard's, JCPenney, Forever 21, Dick's Sporting Goods, and AMC Theatres and is home to 132 tenants. It is currently the only enclosed shopping mall in Phoenix's western suburbs (referred to as the \\\"West Valley\\\"). The mall opened in October 1993 on land formerly occupied by an orange grove, located at Bell Road and 75th Avenue, and was jointly developed and owned by Westcor and General Growth Properties (the former which\",\n \"title\": \"Arrowhead Towne Center\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9787051\",\n \"text\": \"Phoenix Pharmahandel PHOENIX Pharmahandel Aktiengesellschaft & Co KG (PHOENIX Group), headquartered in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, is the largest pharmaceutical wholesaler in Germany, and the second largest in Europe with about 153 distribution centers across the country delivering drugs to some 12,000 independent pharmacies. Its PHOENIX Documentation is an Internet-based archive offering detailed information on drugs, their components, indications, and effects. Formation of Holding company PHOENIX International Beteiligungs GmbH. Phoenix Group is majority owner of the pharmaceutical wholesalers Purus A.S. in the Czech Republic and Tamro in Finland. Phoenix Group itself is majority-owned by pharmaceutical conglomerate Merckle Group. The PHOENIX Pharmahandel Aktiengesellschaft\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Pharmahandel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11532224\",\n \"text\": \"Mesa Riverview Mesa Riverview is an outdoor shopping center in Mesa, Arizona (part of the Phoenix metropolitan area) located in the northwestern corner of the city near Loop 202 and Dobson Road. The shopping center has a gross leasable area of 1,115,112 square feet (103,000 m²).[1] Anchor stores include Bass Pro Shops, Cinemark Theatre, Home Depot, Bed Bath and Beyond, Petco, Walmart, Marshalls, Office Max, and Jo-Ann Fabrics. Owner, Kimco Realty Corp. (NYSE: KIM), is a real estate investment trust (REIT) headquartered in New Hyde Park, N.Y., that is one of North America’s largest publicly traded owners and operators of\",\n \"title\": \"Mesa Riverview\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8793964\",\n \"text\": \"Fiesta Mall Fiesta Mall was a shopping center in the U.S. city of Mesa, Arizona (part of the Phoenix metropolitan area). Encompassing approximately 1 million square-feet of retail space, it was west of Alma School Road, between Southern Avenue and the US 60 (Superstition Freeway). As of the week of March 6, 2018 all the stores are gone, except for Dillard's Clearance and access to the main part of the mall is closed and the doors are locked. In May 2017, LNR Properties sold the mall to Dimension Financial & Realty Investments for $6.72 million. A spokesman for Dimension said\",\n \"title\": \"Fiesta Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5335563\",\n \"text\": \"Simon-Mills mall to make the switch. It is one of two malls Simon currently owns in Arizona, the other being the Phoenix Premium Outlets on the Gila River Indian Community near Chandler, Arizona, which opened on April 4, 2013. It is the third mall Simon has ever owned in Arizona, previously having owned Southgate Mall in Yuma, Arizona, and Metrocenter Mall in Phoenix, Arizona which is now owned by Carlyle Development Group. Arizona Mills Arizona Mills is an indoor shopping mall in Tempe, Arizona. It was co-owned by Simon Property Group (which owned 25%) and Taubman Centers and managed by\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona Mills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16658933\",\n \"text\": \"President of Soccer Operations on December 23, 2015. An investment group of music artists and executives led by Grammy Award winning DJ, record producer and rapper/songwriter Diplo purchased a minority stake in Arizona United on January 27, 2016. Scottsdale Stadium did not renew their lease with United and the team signed a three-year lease with their original stadium, Peoria Sports Complex, on January 26, 2016. Pete Wentz, bassist for the rock group Fall Out Boy, purchased a minority share on April 11, 2016. On August 31, 2016, team founder Kyle Eng sold his majority share to an investment group led\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Rising FC\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14511103\",\n \"text\": \"an arena built at the former Los Arcos Mall in Scottsdale. Two auctions were conducted for foreclosed Westgate City Center properties. One auction, on September 19, 2011, was for properties securing a $97.5 million loan from iStar Financial. The auction failed to sell at a reserve price of $40 million, and the property became the property of iStar. A second auction was held on November 3, 2011 for properties securing a $202 million loan from Credit Suisse. No-one bid the $25 million minimum bid in the auction and Credit Suisse retained ownership of the properties. After Hulsizer dropped out, the\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Coyotes bankruptcy and sale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2706735\",\n \"text\": \"Apollo Global Management, the Vistria Group, and the Najafi Companies, for $1 billion. Former U.S. Department of Education Deputy Secretary Anthony W. Miller, partner and chief operating officer of Vistria, would become chairman. The sale would have to be approved by both the U.S. Department of Education and the accreditation group the Higher Learning Commission in order to go forward. In December 2016, the US Department of Education approved of the sale of Apollo Education Group to Apollo Global Management. However, the company was required to provide a letter of credit for up to $385 million. The main campus is\",\n \"title\": \"University of Phoenix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5172974\",\n \"text\": \"Rouse Company. The company also acquired Crown American Realty Trust. In 2006, the company acquired Woodland Mall for $177.4 million. In 2012, Joseph Coradino was named chief executive officer of the company. In 2013, the company sold 2 shopping centers for $87.3 million. In 2014, the company acquired a building in Philadelphia. In 2015, the company acquired Springfield Town Center for $465 million from Vornado Realty Trust. In 2016, the company sold 4 malls for $93 million. Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust is a publicly traded real estate investment trust that invests in shopping centers\",\n \"title\": \"Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19780780\",\n \"text\": \"with the launch of the designer jeans brand Gloria Vanderbilt and Tommy Hilfiger in 1985. In 2004, the Murjani group launched Tommy Hilfiger in India in addition to other brands, including Gucci, Jimmy Choo, Bottega Veneta, Calvin Klein and French Connection. In 2007, the Murjani group built India’s first luxury mall The Galleria, in Mumbai. Mohan Murjani Mohan Murjani is the Chairman of the Murjani group. He has developed, launched and built brands including Gloria Vanderbilt, Tommy Hilfiger and most recently, Vanderbilt New York. Born in India, raised in Hong Kong and educated in the UK and US, Murjani joined\",\n \"title\": \"Mohan Murjani\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13860238\",\n \"text\": \"which was publicly held for five years. In 2001, Phoenix converted from a mutual to a stock company. The company is renamed The Phoenix Companies, Inc. and listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol of PNX. At the same time Phoenix Home Life Mutual Insurance Company changed its name to Phoenix Life Insurance Company. In 2008, Phoenix spun off its asset management subsidiary to shareholders as an independent publicly traded company renamed Virtus Investment Partners. In 2011, Phoenix sold its Goodwin Capital Advisers subsidiary to Conning & Company. In September 2015, Phoenix announced they were being acquired\",\n \"title\": \"The Phoenix Companies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4238923\",\n \"text\": \"entities: Though the company primarily operated in Goa and Karnataka, it has gradually expanded its operations in recent years to Odisha, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. As of 30 June 2018, the company is owned 50% by the promoters (under Finsider international and Twinstar holding, both holding companies owned under the names of 12 members of the Agarwal family) and 50% by the public. The promoters ownership (51%) is held under \\\"Westglobe limited\\\" under \\\"Twinstar holdings\\\" (37%) and Finsider international (11%). The balance 49% of the company is owned by mutual funds (ICICI Prudential), foreign portfolio\",\n \"title\": \"Vedanta Limited\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9228042\",\n \"text\": \"of real estate investors and developers led by Russ \\\"Rusty\\\" Lyon, Jr., and Homart Development Company, the real estate division of Sears, Roebuck and Company. The project was announced in November 1970, the first site plans and artist renderings announced in the spring of 1972, and construction beginning in June 1972. The mall was designed by local architect Robert Fairburn, with the exception of the Broadway building designed by Charles Luckman. The Broadway building was constructed by the Del E. Webb Corporation. The mall was built on in an area of Phoenix that was a sparsely populated residential district at\",\n \"title\": \"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15686372\",\n \"text\": \"Phoenix American Incorporated Phoenix American Incorporated is a privately held financial services company headquartered in San Rafael, California. It is the parent of several companies: Phoenix American Financial Services / Phoenix Transfer, Phoenix Securitization Administration and Accounting, Phoenix Leasing Portfolio Services, Inc., SalesFocus Solutions, Phoenix Leasing Bank Services, Phoenix Leasing, Inc., and Phoenix Cable, Inc. Phoenix American Incorporated was founded in 1972 by Gus Constantin as a limited partnership syndication for the leasing of business equipment. Four business segments developed from these origins in limited partnership syndication: Leasing Portfolio Services, Transfer Agency and Investor Services, CRM/Sales Reporting/22c-2 Compliance (SalesFocus Solutions)\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix American Incorporated\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12937339\",\n \"text\": \"the chairman and founder of , along with the late founder of Sony, Akio Morita. He worked with Akio Morita to establish the business. He bought Bank Karman and changed its name to Bank Mega. He expanded his business interests into insurance and securities. Chairul is now involved in the television business; he founded Trans TV and acquired TV 7 from the Kompas-Gramedia Group. Chairul owns property projects such as Bandung Super Mall, Batam Indah Prospertindo, Para Bali Propertindo, and Mega Indah Propertindo. In 2012, he bought a minority share of Garuda Indonesia. His holding company is CT Corp., formerly\",\n \"title\": \"Chairul Tanjung\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9228046\",\n \"text\": \"malls in more outlying communities took business away from Metrocenter. Crime in the mall's neighborhood and parking lot increased. Local car enthusiasts started cruising the mall in the early 80's, driving their cars around the property and socializing. Later Phoenix Police began blocking traffic for the \\\"cruisers\\\", which also inconvienced mall goers and led to a decline in weekend patronage. In January 2004, Metrocenter was sold by DVM Co., a joint venture of Simon Property Group and Rusty Lyon, Jr., to a joint venture of The Macerich Company and AEW Capital Management. The new ownership brought back the founding developer,\",\n \"title\": \"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8905239\",\n \"text\": \"a regional mall near the intersection of Route 101 and I-17, which is anchored by a Target store and an AMC movie theater complex. American Express, Discover Card, and Best Western Hotels operate major customer service call centers in this area. Paradise Valley Mall is a major shopping center located roughly at Tatum Boulevard and Cactus Road. The mall grounds also contain a Valley Metro transit stop for buses, and is slated as a location for light rail service in the future. It is not in the town of Paradise Valley, which is an exclusive, highly upscale independent municipality surrounded\",\n \"title\": \"North/Northwest Phoenix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7618886\",\n \"text\": \"Christown Spectrum Mall Chris-Town Mall is the oldest operating mall and was the third shopping mall built in Phoenix, Arizona, located on Bethany Home Road and 19th Avenue. The property currently is known as Christown Spectrum Mall, derived from Chris-Town Mall and Phoenix Spectrum Mall, names previously used in the past. Today it exists as an enclosed shopping mall, although the enclosed portion of the mall was greatly reduced when redevelopment changed the configuration closer to a power center. The Christown Spectrum Mall's anchor stores are JCPenney, Costco, SuperTarget, Walmart Supercenter, Big 5 Sporting Goods, Dollar Tree, PetSmart and Ross\",\n \"title\": \"Christown Spectrum Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17172647\",\n \"text\": \"can supply the plant for another 150 years. Although its name has remained constant, the company has had several owners. It was a division of Amcord from 1971 to 1979 and of Gifford-Hill from 1979 through 1987. Since then, the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community has owned the company and the plant. In 2003, the company's sales activities were combined with those of Salt River Sand and Rock under the name \\\"Salt River Materials Group\\\" (SRMG). Phoenix Cement Company The Phoenix Cement Company, headquartered in Phoenix, operates a cement plant in Clarkdale in the U.S. state of Arizona. Built in\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Cement Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8116108\",\n \"text\": \"Chandler Fashion Center Chandler Fashion Center is a regional shopping center located in the city of Chandler, Arizona, and is the second largest mall in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The mall is owned by Macerich, and was opened on October 19, 2001 with more than 180 stores and five anchors including Arizona's second Nordstrom, Sears, Dillard's, Macy's and Harkins Theatres. The mall is located on Chandler Boulevard at the northwest corner of Price Road and Loop 202 Santan. Originally owned by Westcor, in 2002 Chandler Fashion Center became part of The Macerich Company’s portfolio. Sales at Chandler Fashion Center are\",\n \"title\": \"Chandler Fashion Center\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18909706\",\n \"text\": \"to Unilev Capital Corp., a California real estate investment company, for $93.5 million. In July 2014, City Center and Angelo Gordon sold the original center section of the mall for $145 million to a partnership between the Nakash family (founders of Jordache) and investor Eli Gindi. The Nakashes and Gindi, along with home-curtains manufacturer Elyahu Cohen, then purchased the third, northern section of the mall from Unilev Capital for $139.5 million in January 2015. The Nakashes and Gindi consolidated their control of the mall in December 2015, buying the southern portion from Fieldman for $82.9 million. A planned expansion of\",\n \"title\": \"Showcase Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9787052\",\n \"text\": \"& Co was founded from the German regional wholesalers F. Reichelt AG (Hamburg), Otto Stumpf GmbH (Berlin), Ferd. Schulze GmbH (Mannheim), Otto Stumpf AG (Nuremberg), and Hageda AG (Cologne) in early 1994. The newly established enterprise has achieved a market leading position in its home markets from day one. Only one year later in 1995, the company brand PHOENIX was established and a major strategy roll-out throughout Germany, Hungary, Italy and the Netherlands was initiated: During this process PHOENIX acquired majority shareholdings in the Hungarian pharma wholesaling company Parma Rt., the Northern Italian pharmaceutical wholesaler Comifar S.p.A., 60-per cent shareholding\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Pharmahandel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7551212\",\n \"text\": \"The sale of Prime Retail and both REITs gave Lichtenstein a large fund to invest throughout 2011. According to reports, there was an estimated $350 million remaining from the Prime Retail sale, which was reinvested into new deals. In 2011, they purchased Festival Bay Mall in Florida for $25 million, Crown Plaza Boston North Shore hotel for $10 million and a residential development in Long Island City, New York, for $19.3 million. Lichtenstein and Lightstone Group announced the launch of Phoenix Development Partners, which aimed to develop large-scale renting opportunities in New York City. Despite the focus moving to New\",\n \"title\": \"David Lichtenstein\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8446548\",\n \"text\": \"the company sold Waynesville Commons for $14.5 million. The company also acquired Mayfaire Town Center and Community Center for $192 million. In 2016, the company sold Renaissance Center for $129 million and The Crossings at Marshall Creek for $22.3 million. It also sold 3 malls for $75.1 million. In 2017, the company acquired five properties from Sears for $72.5 million in a leaseback transaction. The company was also added to the S&P 600 index. In October 2017, the company announced completion of a rebranding initiative, from which it will refer to itself as CBL Properties rather than the former \\\"CBL\",\n \"title\": \"CBL Properties\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8555413\",\n \"text\": \"the Same hall along with Books-A-Million by Macy’s. Round 1 opened in 2017. On April 18, 2018, it was announced that Carson's would be closing as parent company The Bon-Ton was going out of business. The store closed on August 29, 2018. On May 31, 2018 Sears announced that it would also be closing it's Fox Valley Mall location as part of a plan to close 78 stores nationwide. The store closed on September 2, 2018. This leaves J. C. Penney and Macy's as the only remaining anchors. The mall is situated on Illinois Route 59 between U.S. 34 and\",\n \"title\": \"Fox Valley Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8284104\",\n \"text\": \"In October 2017, the city of Phoenix proposed that Amazon.com locate its \\\"second headquarters\\\", expected to employ 50,000 people, at the Park Central location. Park Central Mall has its own \\\"Central at Osborn / Midtown Station\\\" stop on the Valley Metro Rail system. Park Central Mall Park Central Mall was the first shopping mall in Phoenix, Arizona. It is located in Encanto Village, on Central Avenue and Osborn Road. Today it exists as a mixed-use, business park primarily occupied by regional administrative offices for non-profit hospital operator Dignity Health (formerly known as Catholic Healthcare West), and regional offices for UnitedHealth\",\n \"title\": \"Park Central Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17296087\",\n \"text\": \"2018 owner Hendon Properties announced the permanent closure of the mall, citing costs to rebuild as the primary factor after catastrophic damage from Hurricane Michael. Dillard's and JCPenney announced their locations would be repaired and reopened as stand-alone stores in 2019. Panama City Mall Panama City Mall was a single story enclosed shopping mall in Panama City, Florida. Opened in 1976, it features J. C. Penney, Dillard's, Bed Bath & Beyond, and Planet Fitness as its anchor stores. It is owned and managed by Hendon Properties of Atlanta as of September 2013, purchased from CBL & Associates Properties. The mall\",\n \"title\": \"Panama City Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9228055\",\n \"text\": \"all but vacant except for a few remaining restaurants. Intermittently, a seasonal Halloween costume company would rent out either part of the old Broadway store or the empty Best Buy store. This company would usually move in during mid-August and close a day or two after Halloween. Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona) Metrocenter is a regional enclosed shopping mall in northwest Phoenix, Arizona. It is bounded roughly by Interstate 17, 35th, Dunlap and Peoria Avenues. Its current anchor stores are Dillard's Clearance Center and Walmart Supercenter. The mall features 100 stores, a 12 screen movie theater, and a food court. Since January\",\n \"title\": \"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17404384\",\n \"text\": \"Darin Pastor Darin Richard Pastor (born February 19, 1971) is an American businessman, entrepreneur and inventor. He is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Capstone Financial Group, Inc. His family owned the Pepsi-Cola Buffalo Bottling Corp. and the Buffalo Bison Hockey Club. Pastor has worked at the financial firms American Mortgage Affiliates, JPMorgan Chase & Co., and Prudential. He submitted a bid to acquire the NHL’s Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2013. Pastor was born in Buffalo, New York to Sydney and Miriam (O'Mahony) Pastor, the eldest of two children. He is of Irish and Jewish descent and attended St. Andrews\",\n \"title\": \"Darin Pastor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17835562\",\n \"text\": \"Parkway Properties Parkway Properties, Inc. was a real estate investment trust that invested in office buildings in the Sun Belt. In 2016, the company was acquired by Cousins Properties. Notable properties owned by the company included Liberty Place, Phoenix Tower, San Felipe Plaza and Raymond James Tower in Memphis, Tennessee. The company was formed on May 17, 1996. In 2011, the company acquired the property management business of Eola Capital and its ownership stake in 6 properties for $462 million. In 2012, the company acquired Hearst Tower for $250 million. The company also sold 15 properties in Memphis, for $147.5\",\n \"title\": \"Parkway Properties\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7412478\",\n \"text\": \"was torn down in 2004 for Regal Cinemas in 2005, and this was also likewise done at Pompano Citi Centre where the Dillard's was also demolished. T/S Development then bought the property in November 2004, and sold their interests to Investcorp International Realty, a global investment group, in December 2006. Investcorp engaged Gumberg Asset Management Corp in Fort Lauderdale to handle the day-to-day management and leasing of Southland Mall. Like Pompano Citi Centre, Southland Mall features JCPenney, Macy's, and Sears as its anchor stores. The mall also features a movie theater, LA Fitness, DSW Shoe Warehouse, Victoria's Secret, Old Navy,\",\n \"title\": \"Southland Mall (Miami)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18911484\",\n \"text\": \"the University of Phoenix; and utility company Pinnacle West. Choice Hotels International has its IT division and operations support center in the North Phoenix area. US Airways, now merged with American Airlines has a strong presence in Phoenix, with the corporate headquarters located in the city prior to the merger. US Air/American Airlines is the largest carrier at Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix. Mesa Air Group, a regional airline group, is headquartered in Phoenix. Economy of Phoenix The economy of Phoenix was focused during the early years of Phoenix primarily on agriculture and natural resources, dependent mainly on the\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of Phoenix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15218254\",\n \"text\": \"mall was turned over to a trust of unidentified lenders, who hired Cushman & Wakefield Inc. to oversee the mall. These new owners have planned a $200,000 renovation of the mall property, including a new sign on Wilder Road. Old Navy closed in mid-2012. Planet Fitness opened in October of the same year. Cushman & Wakefield sold the mall in April 2013 to Bay City Mall Partners LLC, which is a partnership of Lormax Stern and Wayzata Investment. Marshalls and rue21 both joined in late 2013. The movie theater complex was expanded in 2014, adding two new auditoriums with stadium\",\n \"title\": \"Bay City Town Center\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20248173\",\n \"text\": \"Mall & Office Space and Hotels. In the residential segment, it offers developed plots, villas, penthouses, group housing and independent floors. The company is presently executing 39 real estate projects - 13 Group Housing, 16 Townships and 10 Commercial Malls, Hotels. Omaxe Omaxe Limited is a privately held real estate developer based in New Delhi, India. Founded by Mr. Rohtas Goel in 1989, the company has delivered more than 100 million sq. ft. of developed space including apartments, plots and commercial units. The company has a land bank of approx. 3,700 acres comprising 125 million sq. ft. of area, which\",\n \"title\": \"Omaxe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9402996\",\n \"text\": \"New Jersey as well as nearby Monmouth Mall, which Kushner acquired when it fully purchased the non-management joint venture with Vornado Realty Trust that owned the mall. Kushner Companies has received multiple loans from Israel’s Bank Hapoalim. Kushner Companies \\\"received a roughly $30 million investment from Menora Mivtachim\\\" in 2017. It was spent on \\\"a Maryland development\\\". Kushner Companies Kushner Companies LLC is an American real estate developer in the New York City metropolitan area. The company's biggest presence is in the New Jersey residential market. It also owns the Puck Building in New York City. Its founder, Charles Kushner,\",\n \"title\": \"Kushner Companies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7616794\",\n \"text\": \"sold in 2012 and has been under redevelopment into its current configuration as a power center since 2016. The mall was originally anchored by Sears and Shepards. The latter eventually became G. Fox, and later Filene's, before being divided into Kohl's and Walmart. The former is currently being converted into At Home and Raymour & Flanigan. The interior of the mall was turned into Burlington, Dick's Sporting Goods, and Planet Fitness. The land on which the mall sits was pasture land when Homart Development Company (the mall building subsidiary of Sears) purchased it in 1963. To accommodate the mall, a\",\n \"title\": \"Rhode Island Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6454970\",\n \"text\": \"with . saleable floor area. A second firm, Harpawan Constructors, equally unknown, had also been promoted by the brothers. In October 2005, the promoters of Filatex India, a polyester yarn firm with a turnover of Rs. 3 billion in FY 2007, Purshottam and Madhu Sudan Bhageria, also the owners of real estate firm Fargo Estates, invested in Harpawan. Subsequently, the Bhagerias announced plans for developing the Square One, a mall devoted to luxury brands in Delhi. Justice Sabharwal has said that Purshottam Bhageria was his son's childhood friend, and that Harparwan Construction, despite its name, has not made any real\",\n \"title\": \"Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15502782\",\n \"text\": \"Harvey Jacobson Harvey Jacobson (born 28 June 1956 in the City of Salford) is a businessman and entrepreneur based in the North West of England. He is the executive chairman of the Jacobson Group, an independent supplier of footwear in the UK, and owns over 75 shoe and clothing brands including Gola, Lotus, Ravel, Dunlop, Lonsdale, and Frank Wright. In addition to the Jacobson group, Jacobson also holds a range of personal business interests, ranging from property development to international trade distribution. On Jacobson's first visit to his father David's shoe shop as a six-year-old, he sold six pairs of\",\n \"title\": \"Harvey Jacobson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9703151\",\n \"text\": \"Ultimate Electronics in 2010. The chain went out of business only a year later. Steve & Barry's became Jo-Ann Fabrics in 2010. In 2013, The mall changed ownership once again. The mall was sold from Walton Street Capital LLC of Chicago to California-based Vintage Real Estate for an undisclosed price. Vintage Real Estate bought the center with plans to renovate and turnaround the struggling mall. Immediately after Vintage Real Estate acquired the mall, they announced the signing of a ten-year lease with Burlington Coat Factory to occupy the former Circuit City space that has been vacant for years. Burlington Coat\",\n \"title\": \"The Mall at Whitney Field\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15804825\",\n \"text\": \"by his wife and five children; four daughters and one son. Their daughter Vinita D. Gupta is based in United States and is Group President and CEO and son Nilesh Gupta is the Managing Director based in India. Gupta died on 26 June 2017 at Mumbai, aged 79. Desh Bandhu Gupta Desh Bandhu Gupta (8 February 1938 – 26 June 2017) was an Indian billionaire, philanthropist, entrepreneur and the founder of Lupin Limited, a multinational pharmaceutical company. Gupta was born on 30 November 1938 in Rajgarh, Alwar, Rajasthan, and received a master's degree in chemistry from Bombay University. He was\",\n \"title\": \"Desh Bandhu Gupta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12067324\",\n \"text\": \"Phoenix Solar AG gained access to additional capital and a wider investing audience. On June 27, 2006, the shares of Phoenix officially were listed and started trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Prime Standard). Since June 2007 Phoenix Solar shares were listed in the ÖkoDAX and since March 2008 they are a constituent of the TecDAX stock market index. In July 2013 the company started building a 38.6-megawatt photovoltaic plant on a former cotton field in Georgia, based on a contract with \\\"Silicon Ranch Corporation\\\". In the same month two branches of Phoenix in Oman and Singapore became responsible for\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Solar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7183231\",\n \"text\": \"usual during the bankruptcy process. In June 2014, Brookstone was purchased by the Chinese investment firm, Sailing Capital, and Chinese conglomerate, Sanpower, for more than $173 million. The company emerged from bankruptcy in July 2014. On August 2, 2018, Brookstone announced they would be closing all their mall locations to focus on their Website and airport locations, days after the company was considering filing for bankruptcy. On August 6, 2018, Brookstone filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy and announced the closure of all 101 U.S. store locations. Pierre de Beaumont and his wife, Mary, began Brookstone in 1965, for $500. After\",\n \"title\": \"Brookstone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8555055\",\n \"text\": \"Macerich Macerich is a self-managed Real Estate Investment Trust headquartered in Santa Monica, California. It is the third-largest owner and operator of shopping centers in the United States. It traces its antecedents to the MaceRich Real Estate Company founded in New York in 1964 by \\\"Mace Siegel\\\" and \\\"Richard Cohen\\\" who combined their first names to name their company. After years of buying and owning shopping centers privately, in 1994 the company went public as \\\"The Macerich Company\\\". In 2006, the company name was rebranded to \\\"Macerich.\\\" In 2002, Macerich acquired Phoenix-based Westcor Partners for $1.475 billion. The purchase added\",\n \"title\": \"Macerich\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11692973\",\n \"text\": \"Services, related to PNC Bank. At that time, the mall was valued at $61.2 million. In July 2013, the lenders put the mall up for sale, with \\\"best offer\\\" as the listed price. On November 21, 2013, the mall was sold for $54.5 million to Boulevard Ventures a subsidiary of a local capital firm, who hired local developer Roland Sansone as property manager and leasing agent. The sale was announced 11 days later. The mall's ownership was officially listed as Boulevard Ventures LLC (56.15 percent ownership) and 2495 Riviera LP (43.85 percent ownership). Boulevard Ventures purchased 56 of the mall's\",\n \"title\": \"The Boulevard Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19826555\",\n \"text\": \"Indosolar Indosolar Limited is an Indian photovoltaic cell and solar panel manufacturer. It is the largest PV cell manufacturer in India by capacity. Robin Garments Private Limited was incorporated under the Companies Act on 8 April 2005, by Indian entrepreneur Bhushan Kumar Gupta. Gupta had previously founded Phoenix Lamps Ltd., an automotive halogen lamp manufacturer. On 2 July 2008, shareholders decided to rename the company to Robin Solar Private Limited to reflect the company presence in the solar business. The Registrar of Companies (RoC) granted a new certificate of incorporation on 21 July 2008. On 16 September 2009, the Delhi\",\n \"title\": \"Indosolar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18067577\",\n \"text\": \"funds. As a minority-owned firm, Capri Capital was also an early investor in under-served urban markets such as South Los Angeles. In 2006, Capri capital purchased Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza, a Los Angeles regional mall. In 2012, Black Enterprise Magazine named Capri Capital as its Financial Services Company of the Year. In September 2013, under Primo's direction, Capri Capital launched Capri Global Capital, Limited, formed as part of a strategic alliance with Money Matters Financial Services Limited in India. The Indian company was renamed Capri Global Capital Limited. Primo is the non-executive chairman and director of Capri Global Capital Limited's\",\n \"title\": \"Quintin E. Primo III\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"804114\",\n \"text\": \"League relocated from St. Louis in 1988. The Suns played its first 24 seasons at Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum, located slightly northwest of downtown Phoenix. The franchise was formed by an ownership group led by Karl Eller, owner of a public enterprise, the investor Donald Pitt, Don Diamond, Bhavik Darji, Marvin Meyer, and Richard Bloch. Other owners with a minority stake consisted of entertainers, such as Andy Williams, Bobbie Gentry and Ed Ames. There were many critics, including then-NBA commissioner J. Walter Kennedy, who said that Phoenix was \\\"too hot\\\", \\\"too small\\\", and \\\"too far away\\\" to be considered a\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Suns\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4950602\",\n \"text\": \"Phoenix Air Phoenix Air Group, often just referred to as Phoenix Air, is a non-scheduled airline headquartered in Cartersville, Georgia, USA, with the city's airport serving as its base. Founded in 1978 by Army helicopter pilot and race car driver Mark Thompson, Phoenix Air operates worldwide charter flights (passenger and cargo; catering for corporate, military or air ambulance demands). Phoenix Air employs just over 200 skilled workers from Cartersville, Ga and the Atlanta metro area. In 2007, Phoenix Air had been named the world's largest owner-operator of Grumman Gulfstream I aircraft. At that time, its fleet consisted of the following:\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Air\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13693539\",\n \"text\": \"shopping centres that can be found in Phoenix's CBD. These centres cater for various needs from top brand shops to local products. Phoenix Plaza owned by Vukile Property Fund is a shopping centre situated north of Durban. The centre is home to more than 105 independent and national retailers with Shoprite as its anchor tenant. The shopping centre totalling a gross lettable area of 24,341 m² was built in 1993. Three main means of public transport are available: private owned buses, taxis and the rail system.Uber & Taxify & , Phoenix has its own railway station which connects to many\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix, Durban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19745901\",\n \"text\": \"Lake WOW commissioned operation in August 2012; and Water Park commissioned operation in August 2013. Phase III is being planned and is envisaged to begin development in FY 2017. The management of Entertainment City vests with the Board of Directors. The strategic and day-to-day management of the company lies with Managing Directors Rana Rajesh and Monny Vijeshwar, under the guidance of Shri Gian Vijeshwar, Chairman of the Company and founder of Appu Ghar, Delhi. As of 2016, Entertainment City houses Worlds of Wonder amusement park, Worlds of Wonder water park, Wonder Speedway go-karting track, two malls (The Great India Place\",\n \"title\": \"Entertainment City Ltd.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20122587\",\n \"text\": \"Chandru Raheja Chandru Lachmandas Raheja (born 1941) is an Indian billionaire property developer, mostly of IT parks, hotels, malls, and the department store chain Shoppers Stop, of which he is the chairman. Chandru Raheja was born in 1941, the son of Lachmandas Raheja, and has four brothers. He has a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Mumbai. His cousin Rajan Raheja is also a billionaire. Chandru established his own real estate firm in the year 1996 when the business was divided into three groups between Gopal Raheja who is the chairman for K Raheja Constructions, Suresh Raheja, the\",\n \"title\": \"Chandru Raheja\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14688968\",\n \"text\": \"million, Four-Pillars Hotels for 90 million, and Principal Hayley Group for 360 million. In February 2014, Starwood Property Trust spun off Starwood Waypoint Residential Trust, a single-family rental real estate investment trust. In March 2014, the firm acquired a stake in the A.S. Roma football club. In January 2016, SWRT was merged with Colony American Homes in a $7.7 billion merger, creating Colony Starwood Homes. In October 2014, Starwood purchased 7 upscale malls in Virginia, Florida, North Carolina, Texas, and Michigan from Taubman Centers in a $1.4 billion transaction. In 2016, the company acquired 23,262 apartments from Equity Residential for\",\n \"title\": \"Starwood Capital Group\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9067728\",\n \"text\": \"management duties in March 1998 and the mall was owned by a joint venture of Macerich and Simon Property Group. In January 2012, the mall became completely owned and managed by Simon. J.C. Penney moved from downtown Sioux City to Target's anchor space in mid-2004, one year after Target moved to a free-standing Target Greatland store. Scheels All Sports and Barnes & Noble opened in 2003 and 2004 respectively. In 2003, the National Park Service named Southern Hills Mall a national trail site after the mall commissioned 38 paintings that commemorate the Lewis and Clark Expedition's 200th anniversary. In 2018,\",\n \"title\": \"Southern Hills Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19442135\",\n \"text\": \"IST Start-Up Week, which was hosted by Pennsylvania State University. The company also opened its first \\\"brick-and-mortar\\\" showroom at Phoenix in December, which was made as \\\"an experiment\\\" and was available by appointment only. Tuft & Needle acquired the premium 2-letter domain name TN.com in September 2015 for an undisclosed sum. The company established its headquarters at the historical O.S. Stapley Hardware buildings at Grand Avenue in Phoenix in December 2015, after a city grant of $300,000 was used to improve and repair the buildings by a real estate developer. The company also had an alleged 150% sales increase after\",\n \"title\": \"Tuft & Needle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14560607\",\n \"text\": \"Inorbit Mall Inorbit Mall is a subsidiary of the Evo enterprises and K. Raheja Corporation which runs shopping malls in various parts of India. The first Inorbit Mall opened in 2004, in Malad, Mumbai. Inorbit Malls launched their second property in Navi Mumbai at Vashi, in October 2008; third in Hyderabad in October 2009. fourth in Pune in April 2011 which was closed down in November 2016, fifth in Bangalore on 15 September 2012 and sixth in Vadodara on 5 September 2013. The company follows a lease-plus-revenue mode revenue model for all its properties. The mall provides a one-stop destination\",\n \"title\": \"Inorbit Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8196176\",\n \"text\": \"was supportive of while at Sony BMG Music Canada. Zbitnew took over the Phoenix Concert Theatre in September 2014, where she continues to serve as President and Owner/Operator. Zbitnew has also supported the Unison Benevolent Fund, an emergency relief foundation that assists members of the music community in need of financial support. Lisa Zbitnew Lisa Zbitnew is the CEO of Bandwidth Music and Marketing as well as President and Owner/Operator of the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto. Zbitnew studied Business Administration and Marketing at Humber College. She was the CEO of War Child North America from 2008 to 2011. Zbitnew\",\n \"title\": \"Lisa Zbitnew\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4034927\",\n \"text\": \"1996, Howard Hughes Corporation, which had extensive property and other business interests, became a subsidiary. On November 12, 2004, the Rouse Company was sold to General Growth Properties. In 2012, General Growth Properties spun off 30 malls into a new real estate investment trust, Rouse Properties. The Rouse Company The Rouse Company, founded by Hunter Moss and James W. Rouse in 1939, was a publicly held shopping mall and community developer from 1956 until 2004, when General Growth Properties Inc. (now Brookfield Properties Retail Group) purchased the company. The Moss-Rouse Company was founded as a FHA mortgage company with a\",\n \"title\": \"The Rouse Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18911477\",\n \"text\": \"Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce, in 2012 (the latest year for which data is available), the Phoenix MSA had a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of just over $201 billion, a 4.5% increase over the prior year. Phoenix's GDP finally exceeded the high it had attained in 2008, prior to the recession. The top 10 industries were, in descending order: real estate ($31B), financial services ($21.3B), manufacturing ($16.8B), health care ($15.7B), retail ($14.9B), wholesale ($12.9B), professional services ($12.8B), construction ($10.4B), waste management ($9.1B), and tourism ($6.8B). Government, if it had been a private industry, would have\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of Phoenix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11882291\",\n \"text\": \"each floor. Additionally, several vertical columns on the north and south facades were removed, giving the building a smoother more modern appearance. The skylift elevator is no longer functional. On June 13, 2013, a Notice of Trustee Sale was recorded against the property, with the property scheduled to go to auction on September 18, 2013. The note on the property was purchased by Colony Capital in 2013. The building was in receivership with Trident Pacific Real Estate and Colony closed on the building towards the end of the year.Colony has made significant upgrades to the property, including: renovating the lobby,\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Corporate Center\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17835564\",\n \"text\": \"spun off its Houston assets into a new company called Parkway, Inc. Parkway Properties Parkway Properties, Inc. was a real estate investment trust that invested in office buildings in the Sun Belt. In 2016, the company was acquired by Cousins Properties. Notable properties owned by the company included Liberty Place, Phoenix Tower, San Felipe Plaza and Raymond James Tower in Memphis, Tennessee. The company was formed on May 17, 1996. In 2011, the company acquired the property management business of Eola Capital and its ownership stake in 6 properties for $462 million. In 2012, the company acquired Hearst Tower for\",\n \"title\": \"Parkway Properties\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20212662\",\n \"text\": \"founding partner of Social Venture Partners, a philanthropic venture capital fund that invests in emerging nonprofit organizations, as well as on the board of Urban Land Institute and the Arizona State University Committee for Design Excellence. He was named to the \\\"Phoenix Business Journal\\\"'s Forty under 40 list in 2001. He serves as partial owner and vice chairman of the Phoenix Suns professional basketball team and a governor on the board of the National Basketball Association. He has also served on the board of directors for the Phoenix Symphony and Phoenix Metropolitan Area Convention and Visitors Bureau, and as chair\",\n \"title\": \"Jahm Najafi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10794387\",\n \"text\": \"and Delek Drilling LP. The group's USA operations, Delek US Holdings, Inc. (), are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. On June 22, 2015, The Delek Group agreed to sell a 52% controlling stake of Phoenix Holding company (insurance and financial undertaking) to the Chinese civilian-run conglomerate Fosun International. Delek, The Israel Fuel Corporation Ltd, was founded in 1951 In August 2007, Delek Benelux took over marketing activities for Chevron Global Energy Inc. in Benelux, including 869 fueling stations, mostly under the Texaco brand. The same month, Delek Israel's Delek Pi-Glilot, a fuel storage and distribution company operating in\",\n \"title\": \"Delek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13280833\",\n \"text\": \"Elder-Beerman space in November. On March 25, 2016, DSNH announced that it would close this satellite museum; it did so on April 30. The mall went into receivership in July 2014. In spring 2015, Macy's and J. C. Penney closed their stores in the mall. The mall's cinema, an original tenant, closed on February 20, 2017. In 2017, the Macy's site was purchased by the Clark County Land Reutilization Corporation, a land bank, for about $200,000. In May 2018, the land bank purchased the rest of the site, exclusive of Sears, from its then-owner, Urban Retail Properties, for slightly more\",\n \"title\": \"Upper Valley Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9228048\",\n \"text\": \"The food court and play center were remodeled. In November 2007, a closed-circuit camera television system was installed that is sophisticated enough to read the license plate number of any car in the mall's parking lot. Public view monitors were installed at the entrances to the mall showing that entrance to people as they entered the mall. On April 6, 2010 Jones Lang LaSalle took over management and 15% ownership of Metrocenter Mall from Macerich. Later in 2010, the mall was put up for sale and in January 2012, the sale to the Carlyle Development Group for $12.2 million was\",\n \"title\": \"Metrocenter (Phoenix, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18811771\",\n \"text\": \"Flagstaff Mall Flagstaff Mall is a regional shopping mall located in Flagstaff, Arizona, is operated by Cypress Equities. The mall opened in 1979, and is anchored by Dillard's, JCPenney, and Sears. Flagstaff Mall opened in 1979, developed by Phoenix-based real estate company Westcor. The mall's original anchors JCPenney and Sears had previously existed in downtown Flagstaff, but had moved to anchor the mall at opening. Dillard's joined the mall in 1986. On August 22, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 46 stores nationwide. The store will close in November 2018.\",\n \"title\": \"Flagstaff Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12639193\",\n \"text\": \"In 1998, the company acquired 5 shopping malls for $375 million. In 1999, the company received a $1 billion investment from Nomura Holdings to build 4 shopping centers. On January 26, 1994, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. In 2004, the company sold 25 properties for $103.1 million. In 2007, the company sold University Mall in Tampa, Florida for $149 million. In 2010, the company closed a $320 million joint venture with The Blackstone Group, which included the sale of a 60% interest in 2 malls. In 2011, the company completed an asset swap with\",\n \"title\": \"Glimcher Realty Trust\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12322029\",\n \"text\": \"under a brand that had previously been used for the Silver Spring proposal. The mall was intended to open in fall 2013, but legal disputes with the New York Giants and Jets and financial setbacks have continually delayed construction. As with many of Triple Five's projects, the company has requested significant public funding to build American Dream Meadowlands, and has received hundreds of millions of dollars from the state of New Jersey to finish the project. As of 2018, construction is ongoing and the mall is expected to open in March 2019. Triple Five announced American Dream Miami in 2015,\",\n \"title\": \"Triple Five Group\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8100956\",\n \"text\": \"remained until parent company The Bon-Ton filed for bankruptcy in 2018 and closed all stores. Meridian Mall features about 125 stores and a food court, plus a movie theater on its periphery. The mall's anchor stores are J. C. Penney, Macy's, and Dick's Sporting Goods. Other major tenants include Bed Bath & Beyond, H&M, Launch Trampoline, Old Navy, Planet Fitness, and Schuler Books & Music. Meridian Mall is owned and managed by CBL Properties, which has owned it since 1998. Meridian Mall was built by the M.H. Hausman Company and opened to the public on November 6, 1969. The mall\",\n \"title\": \"Meridian Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7499962\",\n \"text\": \"of snacks in Southeast Asia. In July 2014, URC acquired Griffin's Foods from Pacific Equity Partners, a New Zealand food company for $609 million. He also controls Robinsons Land, one of the biggest property developers in the Philippines, which also operates a chain of malls. The Gokongwei Family controls over $20 billion of combined market capitalization for all the companies they own. In February 2008, Forbes Asia magazine’s first Heroes of Philanthropy list included 4 Filipinos – Jaime Zobel de Ayala, John Gokongwei, Ramón del Rosario Jr., and Óscar López.The list is composed of 4 philanthropists each from 13 selected\",\n \"title\": \"John Gokongwei\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8516753\",\n \"text\": \"Iconix Brand Group Iconix Brand Group is an American brand management company that licenses brands to retailers and manufacturers primarily in the apparel, footwear, and apparel accessory industries. Its brands are available in such stores as Kohl's, Kmart, Sears, Macy's, Target and JC Penney. The company began as Candie's, Inc., whose brand it purchased in 1993. The Bongo brand was purchased in 1998. The Badgley Mischka brand was purchased in 2004. The Joe Boxer and Rampage brands were acquired on July 22, 2005, and September 15, 2005, respectively. In 2006, the company acquired the Mudd, London Fog, Mossimo, Ocean Pacific\",\n \"title\": \"Iconix Brand Group\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6050764\",\n \"text\": \"Phoenix, Eastmont Town Center in Oakland, California, Windsor Park Mall in San Antonio (now the global headquarters of Rackspace), Global Mall at the Crossings in Nashville, Tennessee, and the Coral Springs Mall in Florida. Allegheny Center Mall, a retail mall just north of downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, closed as a retail mall in the early 1990s. The mall was successfully redeveloped into office space, but much of the space was taken by telecommunications carriers, data center operators, and Internet Service Providers, and is now a major carrier hotel serving southwestern Pennsylvania. Other times, redevelopment can involve a conversion from a shopping\",\n \"title\": \"Dead mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8284097\",\n \"text\": \"Park Central Mall Park Central Mall was the first shopping mall in Phoenix, Arizona. It is located in Encanto Village, on Central Avenue and Osborn Road. Today it exists as a mixed-use, business park primarily occupied by regional administrative offices for non-profit hospital operator Dignity Health (formerly known as Catholic Healthcare West), and regional offices for UnitedHealth Group. The property currently is known simply as Park Central. Park Central Shopping City, as it originally was known, was first envisioned by Ralph Burgbacher and his older brother, A.J. Burgbacher. The two men purchased the Central Avenue Dairy in the 1950s. At\",\n \"title\": \"Park Central Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11843910\",\n \"text\": \"purchased by Parkway Properties in December, 2012 for US$124.5 million. Trico Marine Services, a former corporate tenant, relocated its corporate headquarters to The Woodlands. Trico maintains a minor presence in the tower. In 2009 Trico sublet to the law firm Edison, McDowell & Hetherington. The Phoenix Tower was the former headquarters for Champion Technologies. After its acquisition by Ecolab, it formed the combined company of Nalco Champion. The new company will office a large part of its employees as it consolidates its operations. In 1983, Hurricane Alicia's winds sent debris from the parking deck that was under construction onto the\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Tower (Houston)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12220166\",\n \"text\": \"to Tower 2 are available. Ernst & Young's name and logo can be seen on the northeastern and southwestern elevations. Tower 2 signs are on the east and west elevation. Developed by Trammell Crow Company, Renaissance Square was sold to the Pauls Corporation in 2005 for . Subsequently in late 2007, the Pauls Corporation sold the complex to the Hines U.S. Core Office Fund for . It was the second-largest commercial exchange in Phoenix in 2007. In December, 2016 Oaktree Capital Management & Cypress Office Properties purchased the towers from Hines for US$150 million. In late 2017 the project underwent\",\n \"title\": \"Renaissance Square\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3645173\",\n \"text\": \"the Tapestry company is known as a luxury -goods company, it made sense to buy-out a luxury shoe brand. Declined around 2-3% due to the name change. The company made a steady increase back to what it is today in 2018. Stocks as of October 2018 are at 42.51 USD(United States Dollars) while the high is $43.53 and the low is at $43.39. Tapestry, Inc. Tapestry, Inc. is an American multinational luxury fashion holding company based in New York City and is the parent company of three major brands: Coach New York, Kate Spade New York, and Stuart Weitzman. This\",\n \"title\": \"Tapestry, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17731221\",\n \"text\": \"Being a subsidiary of Emaar, the company is also controlled and managed by Emaar in India. Emaar is a public company established in 1997 under the laws of Dubai, UAE and is listed on the Dubai Financial Market. Its market capitalization is over USD 14 billion and assets are valued at over USD 26 billion. It has developed master-planned communities internationally, and is present in several key global markets like the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Europe, USA and Canada. Emaar’s flagship development Downtown Dubai hosts iconic properties like the Burj Khalifa, The Dubai Mall and The Dubai Fountain. It has\",\n \"title\": \"Emaar India\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14269202\",\n \"text\": \"Group (from 2002), and Richard E. Jacobs Group initially. The mall was placed in receivership in the third quarter of 2016, pending foreclosure, with management transferred to Madison Marquette while a new owner was sought. The foreclosure finalized in June 2017, making C-III Capital Partners the temporary owner. The mall's anchor stores, though attached to the mall, are owned separately. Borders closed in 2011 and was replaced with V∙Stock. Anchor store Dillard's closed in September 2016 due to flooding following a water main break; the store was expected to reopen in 2017, but in early 2018 the company announced the\",\n \"title\": \"Chesterfield Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18160534\",\n \"text\": \"mall was found to be burning 6000 litres of diesel daily due to a lack of electricity connection to the grid. The mall requires a 15MW power supply. In September 2015, Mumbai's Carnival Group bought Elante Mall, at a price of Rs 1,785 crore(more than US$ 274 million) making it one of the biggest deal for a single real estate or property in India at the time. On 28 July 2017, Nexus Malls, a subsidiary of US-based global investment firm Blackstone Group bought Elante Mall for an undisclosed amount. This is the second time Elante Mall is sold in two\",\n \"title\": \"Elante Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15686373\",\n \"text\": \"and Phoenix Cable. The company was publicly traded from 1982 until 1990. Gus Constantin remains the president, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Phoenix American Incorporated and all its subsidiaries. Phoenix American Incorporated is headquartered in San Rafael, California with regional headquarters in Shannon, Ireland, Hyderabad, India and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Subsidiary Phoenix American Financial Services is a Securities and Exchange Commission registered provider of Transfer Agent services to alternative investment companies and hosts the STAR-XMS system. Subsidiary SalesFocus Solutions provides [Customer Relationship Management] (CRM) solutions primarily to banks, insurance companies and asset management firms. SalesFocus Solutions\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix American Incorporated\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4107727\",\n \"text\": \"more centrally-located City Creek Center mall, opened in 2012 by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Gateway's owner, Vestar Development Co. is looking to value the mall soon. The previous owners, Retail Properties of America Inc. had valued the mall to 75 million dollars in 2014 and would expect further decline. Previous efforts to stabilize and sell the mall had failed. In the meantime, some of the outdoor areas had been upgraded, and nearby development projects had been planned. The Gateway Mall, in 2016, had been sold to a company in Phoenix, Arizona named \\\"Vestar\\\". The company\",\n \"title\": \"The Gateway (Salt Lake City)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20212661\",\n \"text\": \"Jahm Najafi Jahm Najafi is an Iranian-American businessman. He runs Najafi Companies, a Phoenix, Arizona-based private-equity firm, and is partial owner of the Phoenix Suns NBA team. Najafi worked for Salomon Brothers, a Wall Street firm that became part of Citigroup, before he served as CEO of Pivotal Private Equity and partner and COO of the parent company, The Pivotal Group, which he ran with his brother, Francis Najafi. Pivotal focused on the purchase of commercial properties, such as The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, Alameda, California-based Harbor Bay and 650 California Street in San Francisco. Najafi was a\",\n \"title\": \"Jahm Najafi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20122588\",\n \"text\": \"chairman of K Raheja Universal and Chandru Raheja, the chairman of K Raheja Corp, and Shoppers Stop Ltd. K Raheja Corp has built several residences, offices, malls, hotels and IT parks such as Mindspace, Shoppers Stop, and Orbit Malls. Raheja is married to Jyoti C. Raheja, they have two children, Ravi and Neel, and live in Mumbai, India. Ravi and Neel Raheja are group presidents of K Raheja Corp. Chandru Raheja Chandru Lachmandas Raheja (born 1941) is an Indian billionaire property developer, mostly of IT parks, hotels, malls, and the department store chain Shoppers Stop, of which he is the\",\n \"title\": \"Chandru Raheja\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12067323\",\n \"text\": \"approved a change of name from \\\"Phönix SonnenStrom AG\\\" to \\\"Phoenix Solar AG\\\". Phoenix Solar AG has its headquarters at Sulzemoos northwest of Munich, Germany and sales offices in Germany, as well as subsidiaries in Italy, Spain, Greece, Singapore, Oman and Australia and the USA. Since November 18, 2004, the \\\"Phoenix SonnenAktie\\\" (shares of the company) have been traded on the OTC stock exchanges in Munich, Frankfurt, Berlin / Bremen and Stuttgart. With the start of share trading on the M: access exchange (the segment of the Munich Stock Exchange dedicated to small and mid-cap companies) on July 27, 2005,\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Solar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3719332\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Nolan left the company and Sandeep Mathrani, formerly the head of the retail division of Vornado Realty Trust, was named CEO. In 2011, the company sold Faneuil Hall for $140 million. In January 2012, the company completed the spin off of The Rouse Company to its shareholders. In 2013, co-founder Matthew Bucksbaum died. In February 2014, Bill Ackman sold his remaining shares in the company back to the company for $556 million. In April 2015, the company acquired the Crown Building for $1.78 billion. In January 2017, the company changed its name to GGP Inc. Rouse Properties was formed\",\n \"title\": \"Brookfield Properties Retail Group\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3129414\",\n \"text\": \"after being co-located for several years with its local NBC affiliate WDIV-TV in Detroit. Stations are arranged in alphabetical order by state and city of license. Cable ONE is an Internet and cable television provider based in the Phoenix, Arizona, area serving over 730,000 customers in 19 states. In November 2014, Graham Holdings said it would spin off Cable ONE as a separate, publicly traded company in 2015. The spin-off was completed on July 1, 2015. Graham Holdings Company also owns three firms active in various capacities on the World Wide Web. These include The Slate Group, which publishes \\\"Slate\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Graham Holdings Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12791046\",\n \"text\": \"Klépierre Klépierre is a French real estate investment trust (REIT) and Europe’s second-biggest publicly traded mall operator. It was founded in 1990. It focuses on the ownership, management and development of shopping centers across Continental Europe. The company’s largest shareholders are Simon Property Group, which owns 20.3% of the shares, and APG (13.1%), a Netherlands-based pension fund. Klepierre shares are listed on Euronext Paris and is a member of the CAC Next 20 index of French companies. In July 2014, Klépierre offered to buy Dutch competitor Corio NV. The deal was completed on March 31, 2015. Through this transaction Klépierre\",\n \"title\": \"Klépierre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1833252\",\n \"text\": \"in Newport Beach, California. With The Coca-Cola Company purchasing a minority stake in the company in August 2018, the valuation of Bryant's stake rose to approximately $200 million. On August 22, 2016, Bryant and his business partner Jeff Stibel launched Bryant-Stibel, a venture capital firm focused on different businesses including media, data, gaming, and technology, with $100 million in funding. On October 23, 2018, Bryant's book \\\"The Mamba Mentality: How I Play\\\", with photographs by Andrew D. Bernstein, an introduction by Phil Jackson, and a foreword by Pau Gasol, was published by MCD / Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The book\",\n \"title\": \"Kobe Bryant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12922925\",\n \"text\": \"formed in 2004 by GI Partners, which contributed 21 data centers that it acquired through bankruptcy auctions and from distressed companies at a 20–40% discount to replacement cost. On November 4, 2004, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. At that time, the company owned 23 properties comprising 5.6 million square feet. In August 2006, the company sold a building in Denver, Colorado to TIAA-CREF for $60.42 million. The company also acquired a property in Phoenix, Arizona for $175 million. By March 2007, GI Partners had sold all of its shares in the company. In January\",\n \"title\": \"Digital Realty\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the owner of phoenix mall pune"}}},{"rowIdx":87,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["332"],"string":"[\n \"332\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"13875769","text":"has the postal code 900001, Ikeja HO in Lagos has 100001, Lokoja in Kogi has 270001 and Port Harcourt has 500001. The lowest postcode is 100001 and the highest is 982002.in addition here are some postal code for some state in Nigeria, ENUGU 400001, Imo 460001 2. Complete List of states and there postal code at Nigeria Postal code 3. Nigeria Zip code organise by geo political zones 4. Comprehensive Nigeria Postal codes of all the towns and villages in nigeria Postal codes in Nigeria Postal codes in Nigeria are numeric, consisting of six digits. NIPOST, the Nigerian Postal Service,","title":"Postal codes in Nigeria"},{"id":"13930320","text":"oil companies operating in Nigeria and is also home to three different ethnic groups namely Ijaws, Urhobos and Itsekiris It has an area of 633 km² and a population of 303,417 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 332. Warri South Warri South is a Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the city of Warri. Warri, the headquarters of Warri South LGA, is an important sea port in the country and the commercial nerve centre of the state. The area is predominantly riverine with large expanses of mangrove forests and has","title":"Warri South"},{"id":"13875768","text":"Postal codes in Nigeria Postal codes in Nigeria are numeric, consisting of six digits. NIPOST, the Nigerian Postal Service, divides the country into nine regions, which make up the first digit of the code. The second and third digits, combined with the first, are the dispatch district for outgoing sorting. The last three digits represent the delivery location. A delivery location can be any of the following; a post office facility, a rural area, or an urban area. The main postal head office in each region will have a postal code ending in 0001, so Garki Main HO in Abuja","title":"Postal codes in Nigeria"},{"id":"13930322","text":"in Delta State and the Niger Delta. Operation has commenced in the Phase one the Escravos Gas to Liquid project and in March 2015 another $16 Billion gas project was commissioned. In addition, the Nigerian maritime University will be taking off in Okerenkoko. In the presence of the wealth of natural resource, the LGA has suffered huge impact of resource extraction and communal disputes but in the past years it has emerged a state place for business and development. The postal code of the area is 332. Warri South West Warri South West is a Local Government Area in Delta","title":"Warri South West"},{"id":"13930323","text":"Warri North Warri North is a Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Koko. It has an area of 1,841 km² and a population of 137,300 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 332. Warri North LGA has its headquarters at Koko, a cosmopolitan town and a sea port. Conspicuous in the town is the ancient house of Nana Olomu of Itsekiri, who was a major player in the slave trade business with the Europeans. The LGA is predominantly riverine and is inhabited by the Itsekiris and Ijaw Izons.","title":"Warri North"},{"id":"13934967","text":"the capital city of Imo State, Nigeria. It has an area of 295 km² and a population of 99,265 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Prominent locations in Owerri West include: The Owerri West Local Government Headquarters is situated at the heart of Umuguma community by the central market square. Owerri West Owerri West is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Umuguma. Owerri West Local Government is administered under the terms of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Elections to the office of","title":"Owerri West"},{"id":"13930496","text":"males and 72,538 females) at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 313.(Emai;313101, Ihievbe;313102, Ive-Ada-Obi;313103, Uokha;313104, Ivbi-Mion;313105, Igue;313106, Otuo;313107, and Ikao;313108) Owan East Owan East is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The headquarters is in the town of Afuze. The Owan East Local Government Area comprises 69 towns/villages made up of eight clans (Emai, Igue, Ihievbe, Ikao, Ivbi-Mion, Ive-Ada-Obi, Otuo and Uokha). Owan-East is bordered in the North by Akoko-Edo LGA, in the East by Etsako-West LGA, at the West is Ekiti State, at the South-West we find the sister local government- Owan-West, while","title":"Owan East"},{"id":"13934951","text":"Owerri Municipal Owerri Municipal is a Local Government Area in Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the city of Owerri. It has an area of 58 km² and a population of 127,213 according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Owerri city sits at the intersection of roads from Port Harcourt, Onitsha, Aba, Orlu, Okigwe and Umuahia. It is also the trade center for palm products, corn [maize], yams and cassava [manioc]. Eke Ukwu Owere market is the main market in Owerri Municipal. Before the advent of the British in 1901-2, Owere town (anglicized","title":"Owerri Municipal"},{"id":"13930324","text":"The major occupations of the people are fishing, carving of canoes, net weaving, hunting, clothes dyeing, trading and farming. It is also the location of a lovely tourist attraction, the floating market at Ogheye. Warri North Warri North is a Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Koko. It has an area of 1,841 km² and a population of 137,300 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 332. Warri North LGA has its headquarters at Koko, a cosmopolitan town and a sea port. Conspicuous in the town is the","title":"Warri North"},{"id":"2899070","text":"the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Its boundary in the Northeast was Sapele/Udu creek near Ughelli and Aboh, with Forçados River in the Southeast and Jameson Creek in the Southwest which later changed to Delta Province. Warri city is one of the major hubs of petroleum activities and businesses in the southern Nigeria. It is a commercial capital city of Delta State, with a population of over 311,970 people according to the national population census figures for 2006. The city is one of cosmopolitan cities in southern Nigeria comprising originally of Urhobo, Itsekiri and Ijaw people. Warri is predominantly","title":"Warri"},{"id":"2899069","text":"Warri The city of Warri is an oil hub in South-South Nigeria and houses an annex of the Delta State Government House. It served as the colonial capital of the then Warri Province. It shares boundaries with Ughelli/Agbarho, Sapele, Okpe, Udu and Uvwie although most of these places, notably Udu, Okpe and Uvwie, have been integrated to the larger cosmopolitan Warri. Osubi houses an airport that serves the city. Effurun serves as the gateway to and the economic nerve of the city. The name \"Warri province\" was once applicable to the part of an area now called Delta State under","title":"Warri"},{"id":"19405949","text":"Area codes 084 and 086 Area codes 084 and 086 are Nigerian telephone area codes serving the cities of Port Harcourt and Ahoada in Rivers State. They fall under the Southeast Zone in the National Numbering Plan (NNP) restructured in 2003. When in Port Harcourt or Ahoada, only the six-digit phone number is required for local calls, but to call the cities from elsewhere within the NNP, simply dial 084 or 086 followed by the subscriber's phone number. From other countries the international call prefix used in the originating country must be dialled before 234 + 84 + six digit","title":"Area codes 084 and 086"},{"id":"13934956","text":"the village headships, and paramount rulership within Owerri Municipal. Owerri Municipal Owerri Municipal is a Local Government Area in Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the city of Owerri. It has an area of 58 km² and a population of 127,213 according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Owerri city sits at the intersection of roads from Port Harcourt, Onitsha, Aba, Orlu, Okigwe and Umuahia. It is also the trade center for palm products, corn [maize], yams and cassava [manioc]. Eke Ukwu Owere market is the main market in Owerri Municipal. Before the","title":"Owerri Municipal"},{"id":"11499873","text":"Munya, Nigeria Munya is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Sarkin Pawa in the north of the area near Kaduna State at. It has an area of 2,176 km² and a population of 103,651 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 921. It is located in the eastern region of the state. Its main inhabitants are the Gwari people with farming as their main occupation. Munya is made up of eight political wards with Guni ward as the largest and strongest of all. Guni as its popularly","title":"Munya, Nigeria"},{"id":"13930319","text":"Warri South Warri South is a Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the city of Warri. Warri, the headquarters of Warri South LGA, is an important sea port in the country and the commercial nerve centre of the state. The area is predominantly riverine with large expanses of mangrove forests and has a land area of approximately 1,520 square kilometres. The LGA consists of several communities namely, Ode-Itsekiri, Agbassa, Orugbo, Ogunu, Obodo, Igbudu, Omadino, Edjeba, Ijala, Ekurede, Ugbori, Okere, Ikpisan, Ifie-Kporo, Ubeji, Ajamimogha and Alders Town. It harbors many industrial establishments including all the major","title":"Warri South"},{"id":"13943587","text":"Katcha, Nigeria Katcha is a local government area of Niger State, in central Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Katcha. Badeggi is one of the major towns of the local government area, located on the A124 highway in the west of the area at . It has an area of and a population of 122,176, according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 912. Katcha Local Government area has a population of about 122,176 as taken from the National Census conducted in 2006. It has an area of and a population of about 122,176","title":"Katcha, Nigeria"},{"id":"13938776","text":"Mariga, Nigeria Mariga is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bangi in the north of the area. It has an area of 5,552 km² and a population of 199,430 at the 2006 census. Mariga is the commercial nerve center of Northern part of Niger and is the second largest Local Government in Niger state. Transportation Mariga is strategically located and owns its leading position as commercial hub in northern part of the state. Mariga is linked to many Local Government cities by road. The postal code of the area is 922.","title":"Mariga, Nigeria"},{"id":"13931196","text":"Udi, Enugu Udi is a Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the city of Udi on the A232 highway. It has an area of 897 km² and a population of 370,002 at the 2015 census. The postal code of the area is 401. It was the subject of the 1949 documentary film \"Daybreak in Udi\". 1. Ezedike (new l.g.a): This l.g.a to be created. Akpankwume (Ugwuocha) Apkankpume, Ibute Nze, Ezi Nze, Oghu. 2. Ojebogene (new l.g.a): This l.g.a to be created. Awhum, Ebe, Abor, Umuavulu-Abor, Ukana, Awhum, Okpatu-Ikeghe, Okpatu-Ibite, Umulumbge, Umuoka. 3. Ugwunye (new l.g.a):","title":"Udi, Enugu"},{"id":"13938768","text":"Lapai Lapai is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria, adjoining the Federal Capital Territory. Its headquarters are in the town of Lapai on the A124 highway in the west of the area at . It has an area of 3,051 km² and a population of 110,127 at the 2006 census. The area is roughly coterminous with the Lapai Emirate. The postal code of the area is 911. The Lapai Emirate, today in Nigeria, is a traditional state that lies near the Gurara River, a tributary to the Niger River, and was originally inhabited by the Gbari people, covering","title":"Lapai"},{"id":"13938772","text":"Bosso, Nigeria Bosso is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Maikunkele. It has an area of 1,592 km² and a population of 147,359 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 920. Bosso is the home of one of the campuses of the Federal University of Technology Minna. The campus which was originally the main/only campus before the school moved to the new campus at Gidan Kwano. In 2014, Bosso became home to thousands of refugees fleeing fighting in Borno State. The government of Niger State requested help","title":"Bosso, Nigeria"},{"id":"13942073","text":"Gassol Gassol is a Local Government Area in Taraba State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Mutum Biyu (or Mutumbiyu or Mutum Mbiyu) on the A4 highway at. It has an area of 5,548 km² and a population of 244,749 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 672. The northern border of Gassol is the Benue River and the Taraba River flows north through the area to its confluence with the Benue. Gassol is one of the eight LGAs of Taraba State whose majority population is the Mumuye people. On 28 June 2014, the","title":"Gassol"},{"id":"19405950","text":"phone number. For example, a call placed from Mexico to Port Harcourt would be dialled as 00 + 234 + 84 + six digit phone number. Area codes 084 and 086 Area codes 084 and 086 are Nigerian telephone area codes serving the cities of Port Harcourt and Ahoada in Rivers State. They fall under the Southeast Zone in the National Numbering Plan (NNP) restructured in 2003. When in Port Harcourt or Ahoada, only the six-digit phone number is required for local calls, but to call the cities from elsewhere within the NNP, simply dial 084 or 086 followed by","title":"Area codes 084 and 086"},{"id":"13938867","text":"the local government area. The 15 wards of Warawa local government area are: It has an area of 360 km² and a population of 128,787 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 713. Warawa Warawa is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Warawa on the A237 highway. It was created out of Dawakin Kudu Local Government in the early 90s. Hausa people make up about 90 per cent of the total population of the Local Government Area. KannyWood comedian/actor Rabilu Musa (Ibro) was from the local government.","title":"Warawa"},{"id":"13946901","text":"Ogu–Bolo Ogu–Bolo (also spelled Ogu/Bolo) is a Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ogu. It has an area of 89 km² and a population of 74,683 at the 2006 census. This is an area belonging to the Ogu–Bolo people. The postal code of the area is 504. Satellite villages and fishing settlements include: Tende Ama, Ada Ama I, Ada Ama II, Tamuno Ama (Ofunguru Ama), Yude Ama, New Ogu (Kporo Ama), Chuku Ama, Nemieboka Ama, Igafe Ama, Tendefe Ama, Olobulo Ama, Brown Ama, Afaka Ama, Agakien Ama, Daso Ama, Owukiri Ama, Omodarani","title":"Ogu–Bolo"},{"id":"13931012","text":"Ezeagu Ezeagu is a Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Aguobu-Owa. It has an area of 633 km² and a population of 169,718 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 401. Ezeagu L.G.A Agba-Umana Aguobu-owa Aguobu-Umuaji Aguobu-Umumba Akama Oghe Amakwo Oghe Amansi-Odo Awha Imezi Awha Ndiagu Iwollo Imezi Neke Obelagu-Umana Obunofia-Ndiagu Obunofia-Ndiuno Okpo-Gho Olo Oyofo Umumba-Ndiagu Staple Food: The good people of Ezeagu LGA is known popularly for 'Abacha' as the most common staple food. They produce it both in subsistence and commercial quantity. Abacha is made from","title":"Ezeagu"},{"id":"13934957","text":"Owerri North Owerri North is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Orie Uratta. It has an area of 198 square km and a population of 175,395 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Owerri North is semi-urban government area. It encircles Owerri Municipal like a peninsular. Six major roads that lead out of the municipal cuts across Owerri North Communities. In the North, Orlu road leads to Amakaohia and Akwakuma communities. In the East, Okigwe road leads to Orji Community. In the West, MCC road off","title":"Owerri North"},{"id":"9657082","text":"a part of the British Empire.The Etsu nupe Agaie is Alhaji Yusuf Nuhu Agaie Agaie is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Agaie on the A124 highway. It has an area of 1,903 km² and a population of 132,907 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 911. Agaie was a 19th-century state in present-day Nigeria covering roughly the same land of the present LGA. It was originally inhabited by Nupe people, but became an emirate and part of the Fulani Empire in 1822, after Fulani mercenaries intervened","title":"Agaie"},{"id":"13934934","text":"Ohaji/Egbema Ohaji/Egbema is an oil-rich Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Mmahu-Egbema. It has an area of 890 km² and a population of 182,538 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 464. The local council lies in the south-western part of Imo State. It shares common boundaries with Owerri in the East, Oguta LGA in the North and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni in Rivers State in the South-west. There are presence of such major Oil producing and servicing companies including Shell Nigeria, Chevron Corporation, Agip and many others in the council area. Besides Oil and","title":"Ohaji/Egbema"},{"id":"5815258","text":"Ogabi's,The Aggrey's,The Ukpo's Bebi Airport, a small airstrip, is close to Ogoja. Ogoja Ogoja is a Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Ogoja town in the northeast of the area near the A4 highway at. It has an area of 972 km² and a population of 171,901 at the 2006 census. Its St. Benedict’s Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ogoja. The postal code of the area is 550. The town was one of the provinces during pre-colonial times. It consists of many tribal units, including Ishibori (this village has","title":"Ogoja"},{"id":"13930935","text":"Moba, Nigeria Moba is a Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Otun. It has an area of 199 km² and a population of 146,496 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 372. Moba consists of the following notable towns: Tourism There are several places of interests in the local government that could attract tourists and they include Ero Dam, Ikun; Oore Monumental Palace, Otun; Eyemojo Grave, Osan; Eegun Regalia Costumes, Ikun; and Egi Hill, Igogo. There are several Co-operative socieities in the Local Government and also thriving industries","title":"Moba, Nigeria"},{"id":"13186771","text":"Gaya, Nigeria Gaya is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Gaya in the north of the area. It has an area of 613 km² and a population of 201,016 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 713. Gaya is believed to be the origin of a man named Kano who first settled in the present Kano State on his search for ironstone. Gaya served as an important terminus of a migratory corridor through which there was an influx of immigrating peoples especially from Eastern Sudan, the Maghrib","title":"Gaya, Nigeria"},{"id":"13927639","text":"also stated in August 2016 that Abadam was under control of the militants. Abadam Abadam is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria, on the western coast of Lake Chad. Its headquarters are in the town of Malumfatori. It has an area of 3,973 km² and a population of 100,180 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 602. It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. In October 2014, Boko Haram fighters took over Abadam town, with at least 40 deaths, but fled","title":"Abadam"},{"id":"19469457","text":"– NigeriaWest Africa. Places with the same postal code of 453110 as Abala-Ibeme in Abia State, Nigeria Abala-Ibeme, Abala- Ibeme, Abala-Nkomiri, Abala-Nkomiri, Ahiaka, Oberete, Oberete, Obete-Uku, Obete-Uku, Obete-Umodu, Obete- Umodu, Obete-Umuoha, Obete-Umuoha, Ohanze-Agwo, Ohanze- Agwo, Weather forecast for Abala-Ibeme in Abia State NOTE: Accuracy is 1 hr, This Weather forecast for Abala-Ibeme in Abia State is based on a report for Postal Code region 2 : Ukwa East (Same as Local Government Area in some states) . The weather is mainly cold and the area is mainly a wet, with grasses covered all over (mainly: palm tree). Abala, Abia State","title":"Abala, Abia State"},{"id":"7892092","text":"There are also shrines such as Ijamido and Ogbodo Shrines. The second oldest storey building in West Africa can be found in Ota, the Vicarage of the St. James Anglican Church built in 1842. The postal code of the area is 112. The Executive Chairman is Com. Bashiru Oladele Adeniji. The Local Government Area is also home to former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo and his post-presidential enterprise, Obasanjo Farms located in Ota. Ado-Odo/Ota The Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area is one of the 19 Local Government Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. It came into existence on May 19, 1989, following the","title":"Ado-Odo/Ota"},{"id":"13927637","text":"Abadam Abadam is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria, on the western coast of Lake Chad. Its headquarters are in the town of Malumfatori. It has an area of 3,973 km² and a population of 100,180 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 602. It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. In October 2014, Boko Haram fighters took over Abadam town, with at least 40 deaths, but fled after an attack by Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) troops. Local residents, some","title":"Abadam"},{"id":"13942029","text":"Tarmuwa Tarmuwa is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Babangida at. It has an area of 4,594 km² and a population of 177,204 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 620. Tarmuwa Town is under the leadership of Mashio Kingdom by Jajere Emirate Administration. And Jajere Emirate is situated in the heart of Yobe State. It is surrounded to the north by Bursari Local Gov't, Jakusko Local Gov't to the North West and Damaturu Local Gov't The State Capital. To the South Potiskum and Nangere Local Gov't","title":"Tarmuwa"},{"id":"13943684","text":"Yewa South Yewa South, (formerly Egbado South), is a Local Government Area in the west of Ogun State, Nigeria bordering the Republic of Benin. Its headquarters are in the town of Ilaro at in the north of the Area. It has an area of 629 km² and a population of 168,850 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 111. The area has 10 wards, Ilaro I, Ilaro II, Ilaro III, Iwoye, Idogo, Owode I, Owode II, Ilobi/Erinja, Oke-Odan and Ajilete. The people speak the Yewa and Egun dialects of the Yoruba language. There are seven areas","title":"Yewa South"},{"id":"9651766","text":"director general NYSC Former Commissioner of Education Katsina State Professor of Agricultural Economic and Extension Current Nigeria's ambassador to China Current Nigeria's ambassador to Iran The postal code of the area is 831. Bakori Bakori is a local government area in Katsina State, Nigeria. It was created on 15 May 1989 by the then military governor of Katsina State Major General Lawrence Onoja The district head of Bakori was suspended and later reinstated by the Emir of Katsina HRH. Abdulmumini Kabir Usman due to the allegations of Corruption, mismanagement, and disrespect to Katsina emirate. Alhaji Idris Sule Idris,assumed as the","title":"Bakori"},{"id":"13931271","text":"170,902 at the 2006 census. The local government area is bounded to the north by Isiala Mbano and Ehime Mbano, to the east by Obowo and Ihitte Uboma, to the south by Ezinihitte Mbaise and Aboh Mbaise and to the west by Ikeduru. The postal code of the area is 463. Ahiazu Mbaise Ahiazu Mbaise is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. It is as a result of a merger between Ahiara and Ekwerazu. Its headquarters are in the town of Afororu (or Afor Oru). There are fourteen (14) towns that make up Ahiazu Mbaise. They are ;","title":"Ahiazu Mbaise"},{"id":"12020253","text":"Yala, Nigeria Yala is a Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Okpoma in the east of the area at . It has an area of 1,739 km² and a population of 210,843 at the 2006 census. This makes Yala the second most populated LGA in Cross River State, coming after Akpabuyo. The postal code of the area is 550. The dominant tribe in the Area are the Yala. Some Yala towns and villages are Okuku, Yahe, Ugaga, Ijegu, Oloko, Imaje, Oke, Echumoga, Woda, Ebo, Igede Edii Nation, Itekpa, Maa, Wonye, Uchu,","title":"Yala, Nigeria"},{"id":"13943683","text":"amenities in community like Mosan Yewa becomes serious social problem as inhabitants find it difficult to have access to good living. Yewa North Yewa North (formerly Egbado North) is a Local Government Area in the west of Ogun State, Nigeria bordering the Republic of Benin. Its headquarters are in the town of Aiyetoro (or Ayetoro) at in the north-east of the Area. It has an area of 2,087 km² and a population of 181,826 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 111. Aiyetoro, established around 1813, is one of the founding cites that formed Ogun State","title":"Yewa North"},{"id":"13943680","text":"Yewa North Yewa North (formerly Egbado North) is a Local Government Area in the west of Ogun State, Nigeria bordering the Republic of Benin. Its headquarters are in the town of Aiyetoro (or Ayetoro) at in the north-east of the Area. It has an area of 2,087 km² and a population of 181,826 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 111. Aiyetoro, established around 1813, is one of the founding cites that formed Ogun State in the mid-1970s. It hosts one of the best secondary school in the old Western Region - Comprehensive High School, Aiyetoro.","title":"Yewa North"},{"id":"7914149","text":"Bida Bida is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria and a city on the A124 highway which occupies most of the area. The LGA has an area of 51 km² and a population of 188,181 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 912. Bida is the second largest city in Niger State with an estimated population of 178,840 (2007). It is located southwest of Minna, capital of Niger State, and is a dry, arid town. The major ethnic group is the Nupe. Bida is the headquarters of the Nupe Kingdom led by the Etsu","title":"Bida"},{"id":"13931225","text":"Dukku Dukku is a Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dukku. The Gongola River flows through the west and north of the LGA. It has an area of 3,815 km² and a population of 207,190 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 760. The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude passes through the LGA about 6 km to the southeast of the town of Dukku. Historically, Dukku town was formed in the 17th century. It is officially believed that Arɗo Almoodo, a leader of Fulani clan and","title":"Dukku"},{"id":"11110512","text":"Ogori/Magongo Ogori-Magongo is a Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in Akpafa. It was created from the old Okene Local Government Area for the Ogori and Magongo people. They occupy the land from Obehira Ebaba to Lampse up to Ososo in Edo state. An area of more than 79 km (31sqm) A population of 39,622 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 263. There are two main towns in the LGA, Magongo and Ogori, which together form the name of the area. People of the area are renowned for their scholarship, hospitality","title":"Ogori/Magongo"},{"id":"9657081","text":"Agaie Agaie is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Agaie on the A124 highway. It has an area of 1,903 km² and a population of 132,907 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 911. Agaie was a 19th-century state in present-day Nigeria covering roughly the same land of the present LGA. It was originally inhabited by Nupe people, but became an emirate and part of the Fulani Empire in 1822, after Fulani mercenaries intervened in the Nupe civil wars. In the early 20th century, the land became","title":"Agaie"},{"id":"5815383","text":"Okene Okene is a town in the Nigerian state of Kogi. The town is based in a Local Government Area of the same name. Okene runs along the A2 highway. It had an area of 328 km² and a population of 320,260 at the 2006 census. The predominant people are the Ebira of central Nigeria and the Yoruba; the local languages are Ebira and Yoruba The postal code of the area is 264. Okene is the birthplace of American Hockey League player and National Hockey League prospect Akim Aliu. Another prominent Nigerian that hails from Okene is Engineer Joseph Makoju,","title":"Okene"},{"id":"13942074","text":"Taraba State police command in Jalingo said \"unknown gunmen\" had \"attacked and killed 10 persons who were coming from Garba Chede to Maihula village\" in Gassol LGA. Gassol Gassol is a Local Government Area in Taraba State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Mutum Biyu (or Mutumbiyu or Mutum Mbiyu) on the A4 highway at. It has an area of 5,548 km² and a population of 244,749 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 672. The northern border of Gassol is the Benue River and the Taraba River flows north through the area to","title":"Gassol"},{"id":"5815254","text":"Ogoja Ogoja is a Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Ogoja town in the northeast of the area near the A4 highway at. It has an area of 972 km² and a population of 171,901 at the 2006 census. Its St. Benedict’s Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ogoja. The postal code of the area is 550. The town was one of the provinces during pre-colonial times. It consists of many tribal units, including Ishibori (this village has different clans such as Uhmuria, Ikaptang, Ikajor, Ishinyema, Ikariku, Imerakorm) and Igoli","title":"Ogoja"},{"id":"13938874","text":"State, who have excelled in the fields of science and technology. The postal code of the area is 713. Dawakin Kudu Dawakin Kudu is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dawakin Kudu. It has an area of 384 km² and a population of 225,389 at the 2006 census. The district head of Dawakin Kudu in 2009 is Dan Iyan Kano Alhaji Yusuf Bayero and the village head is Sarkin Dawaki Aminu Bala Usman Dawaki. Dawakin Kudu has the oldest dyeing pit in Kano State. It is also home to the prestigious","title":"Dawakin Kudu"},{"id":"9622003","text":"Warri Airport Warri Airport , also known as Osubi Airstrip, is an airport serving the city of Warri in Delta State, Nigeria. It is about northeast of the city. The runway length does not include a displaced threshold/overrun on each end, making the total paved length . The Osubi non-directional beacon (Ident: OS) is located on the field. Prior to construction of the airport, a small airstrip had been created next to a congested part of the city of Warri during the 1960s. The runway was approximately in length. There was a small terminal building and an aircraft hangar. Small","title":"Warri Airport"},{"id":"13927589","text":"Gwer West 'Gwer West' is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Naka. It has an area of 1,094 km² and a population of 122,145 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 971. it has fifteen council wards and kindreds; Sengev, Tsambe/Mbesev, Merkyen, Nyamshi, Gaambe-Ushin, Mbachohon, Mbapa, Tijime, Avihijime, Gbange/Tongov, Toughatee/Injaha, Sengev/Yengev, Saghev/Ukusu, Ikyagev, Mbabuande. HRH Chief Daniel Ayua Abomtse is the current paramount ruler. the current Chairman is Hon Ayagah Francis. There are some other important settlements in the local government apart from the headquarters, these include;","title":"Gwer West"},{"id":"13930373","text":"are, Amanator, Umubo, Umudomi, umu-ezuvbu, Amata, Amakporo etc. Onicha Onicha is a Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. It has an area of 476 km and has a population of 236,828 according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 491. Its headquarters are in the town of Isu. However, there are a number of towns and villages in the Southeastern part of Nigeria that go by that name \"ISU\". But this ISU, originally made up of Agbabor, Amanator, Isu Achara, Mgbaneze, Ezekporoke, Anike,Mgbana Ukwu, Obeagu, Umuniko among others was in Ohaozara Local Government Area Council","title":"Onicha"},{"id":"13927564","text":"km² and a population of 319,413 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 560. Southern Ijaw Southern Ijaw is a Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Oporoma (or Osokoma) in the north of the area at. The area has a coastline of approximately 60 km on the Bight of Bonny. The people and their language are known as Izon. It has institutions like the Niger Delta University(NDU), the states airport in Amassoma and Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe. It is the home of Kolu United FC of Koluama II. The","title":"Southern Ijaw"},{"id":"5665488","text":"state's capital in 1996, construction and other activities have accelerated appreciably. Yenagoa's population is estimated at about 266,008 people. It is the home of the Bayelsa United FC, a premier league football club. Yenagoa Yenagoa is a Local Government Area in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Yenagoa (the State capital) in the south of the area at . The LGA has an area of 706 km² and a population of 352,285 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 561. The Ijaw form the majority of the state. English is the official","title":"Yenagoa"},{"id":"13816797","text":"and had a population of 132,641 at the 2006 census. The average annual rainfall is , though there are great deviations from this mean value from year to year. Usually, the rainy season lasts from April to October. The postal code of the area is 232. Ejigbo is a major Yoruba town in Osun State of Nigeria. It is about to Oshogbo, the capital of Osun State. According to oral history, Ejigbo is an ancient settlement. It was founded by Akinjole Ogiyan (abbreviation of \"Ogiriniyan\"), right after the old Oyo. Ogiyan has a rich pedigree, as a descendant of Oduduwa","title":"Ejigbo"},{"id":"6315513","text":"Damaturu Damaturu is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Damaturu, the State capital. The postal code of the area is 620. The Local Government Area has an area of 2,366 km² and a population of 88,014 at the 2006 census. The town of Damaturu is on the A3 highway and has an estimated 2010 population of 44,268. Damaturu is the headquarters of the Damaturu Emirate, at one time part of the Ngazaragamo emirate based in Gaidam. On 16 June 2013, Damaturu was the site of an attack by Boko Haram. Militants","title":"Damaturu"},{"id":"14867521","text":"Postage stamps and postal history of Niger This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Niger, a former French colony that obtained independence in 1960. Niger is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km, over 80 percent of which is covered by the Sahara desert. The capital city is Niamey. In 1920, Niger was separated from Upper","title":"Postage stamps and postal history of Niger"},{"id":"5665487","text":"Yenagoa Yenagoa is a Local Government Area in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Yenagoa (the State capital) in the south of the area at . The LGA has an area of 706 km² and a population of 352,285 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 561. The Ijaw form the majority of the state. English is the official language, but Epie-Atissa language is one of the local language spoken in Yenagoa others such as Ekpetiama, Gbarian, Buseni and Zarama are Ijaw dialect in Yenagoa LGA. Since attaining the status of the","title":"Yenagoa"},{"id":"10238845","text":"Kwali Area Council Kwali is a Local Government Area of the Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria). Its headquarters are in the town of Kwali. It has an area of 1,206 km² and a population of 85,837 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 904105. Kwali is one of the two area councils created from Gwagwalada Area Council on October 1, 1996 by the military administration of General Sani Abacha. What One profession that the people of Kwali Local Government Area are famous for is pottery. Indeed, it is the country home of the world-famous potter woman, Dr.","title":"Kwali Area Council"},{"id":"13942037","text":"Gujba Gujba is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Buni Yadi at towards the south of the area; the eponymous town of Gujba lies in the north of the area. It has an area of and a population of 130,088 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 621. Gujba was traditionally, part of the Bornu Empire, and was noted as a center of commerce and learning. In the early 19th century it came under Fulani control, and eventually became part of the Fika Emirate. On 6 January","title":"Gujba"},{"id":"13942031","text":"class status in 1993 but later it was elevated to first class status in 2005 by the state governor Bukar Abba. The present Emir succeeded his late father as second Emir in 2001. Tarmuwa Tarmuwa is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Babangida at. It has an area of 4,594 km² and a population of 177,204 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 620. Tarmuwa Town is under the leadership of Mashio Kingdom by Jajere Emirate Administration. And Jajere Emirate is situated in the heart of Yobe","title":"Tarmuwa"},{"id":"13931303","text":"Isiala Mbano Isiala Mbano is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Umuelemai. It has an area of 166 square km and a population of 198,736 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 471. The area was carved out from the former Mbano Local Government Area during the creation of additional local governments in September 1989, with its headquarters situated at Umuelemai, a border town along Anara - Umuahia Federal Road is made up of 3 clans namely, Osu, Ugri and Mbama. The local government is predominantly inhabited","title":"Isiala Mbano"},{"id":"13931229","text":"word, Dukku (establish) and Bolawa word, ƴori (it is okay), but later shortened to Dukku for convenience. Dukku Dukku is a Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dukku. The Gongola River flows through the west and north of the LGA. It has an area of 3,815 km² and a population of 207,190 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 760. The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude passes through the LGA about 6 km to the southeast of the town of Dukku. Historically, Dukku town was formed","title":"Dukku"},{"id":"13927968","text":"Ikom Ikom is a Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ikom in the east of the area on the Cross River and the A4 highway at. It has an area of 1,961 km² and a population of 162,383 at the 2006 census. The people of Ikom are majorly farmers. Ikom is a major producer of Banana and Plantain for the Nigerian market. Ikom is known for the Ikom monoliths, artifacts that bear an ancient writing sometimes taken to be an early form of nsibidi. The postal code of the area is","title":"Ikom"},{"id":"13927927","text":"among the ukpet group of communities like Akparavuni, umia, Ibogo, Akpet central, Akpet 1, ufut, Betem and others. The postal code of the area is 542. Adim Igiriga Biase Biase is a Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Akpet Central. It has an area of 1,310 km² and a population of 169,183 at the 2006 census. The people of Biase are direct descendants of Obutong town in Calabar. History has it that they migrated to present day Biase due to a brief conflict with their Efik brothers. The ancient killing twins","title":"Biase"},{"id":"13934958","text":"Wetheral to Obibi Uratta and Ihitaoha communities. In the South, Mbaise road leads to Egbu and Emekuku communities, while Aba road leads to Nazi, Agbala and Ulakwo communities. Owerri North Owerri North is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Orie Uratta. It has an area of 198 square km and a population of 175,395 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Owerri North is semi-urban government area. It encircles Owerri Municipal like a peninsular. Six major roads that lead out of the municipal cuts across Owerri","title":"Owerri North"},{"id":"13943709","text":"at Ofada town. For administrative convenience, Obafemi Owode Local Government is politically divided into 12 wards: Obafemi Owode Obafemi Owode is a Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Owode at . It has an area of 1,410 km² and a population of 228,851 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 110. Obafemi Owode Local Government is one of the Local Governments that came into existence through Edict No.9 of 1976, resulting from the 1976 Local Government reforms, prior to this period, the administration of the area was carried","title":"Obafemi Owode"},{"id":"13941694","text":"population of 102,980 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 202. Notable individuals from Iwajowa LG include: 1.Late Alhaji S.Bello Arikewuyo 2. Late Chief Michael Awolola Idowu, a retired civil servant who wanted to liberate his people from poverty by becoming the Local Government Chairman, but was denied the opportunity; died on 3 November, 2010. 3. Chief Anibiire 4. Prof Oyetunji 5. Chief Dele Faleti 6. Chief Micheal Adegbite 7. Late Chief (Dr) Gabriel Adegoke Adeosun 8. Ade Akinfenwa Am proud of my town Adebayo.Rasheed Iwajowa Iwajowa is a Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria.","title":"Iwajowa"},{"id":"13943703","text":"Obafemi Owode Obafemi Owode is a Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Owode at . It has an area of 1,410 km² and a population of 228,851 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 110. Obafemi Owode Local Government is one of the Local Governments that came into existence through Edict No.9 of 1976, resulting from the 1976 Local Government reforms, prior to this period, the administration of the area was carried out by Oba Provincial Authority, Owode District Council and Obafemi District Council. Obafemi Owode Local Government","title":"Obafemi Owode"},{"id":"13927642","text":"Marte, Borno Marte is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria, on the western coast of Lake Chad. Its headquarters are in the town of Marte It has an area of 3,154 km² and a population of 129,370 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 611. It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. In 2013, according to PM News, 5,000 hectares (12,355 acres) of wheat and rice were left to rot in the Marte area of Borno near Lake Chad after 19,000","title":"Marte, Borno"},{"id":"2899071","text":"Christian with mixture of African traditional religions like most of the Southern Nigeria. The city is known nationwide for its unique Pidgin English. Warri was once a provincial capital to British rule. The Lagos and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria was formally united as Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria on 28 February 1906 and Walter Egerton was appointed as the Governor of new Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, holding office until 1912.[3] In the new Southern Nigeria, the old Lagos Colony became the Western Province, and the former Southern Nigerian Protectorate was split into a Central Province with capital","title":"Warri"},{"id":"13932625","text":"Ekiti, Kwara Ekiti is a Local Government Area in Kwara State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Araromi Opin. It has an area of 480 km² and a population of 54,850 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 252. Among other communities in Ekiti are Aare-Opin, Isolo-Opin, Isare-Opin, Osi, Ikerin-Opin, Oke-Opin, Epe-Opin, Owaatun-Opin, Etan, Obbo-Aiyegunle, Obbo-Ile, Eruku, Ajuba, Isapa, Koro and Ejiu. The present Ekiti Local Government headquarter was never a known community in Opin land, but a compound from Isolo-Opin. This became a legal tussle and caused communal unrest when the local government","title":"Ekiti, Kwara"},{"id":"13934944","text":"there. Also American author and writer Dreux Richard resides in Okwe to complete his writing when in Nigeria. It has an area of 87 km² and a population of 99,247 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 470. Onuimo Onuimo is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Okwe. It is home to very prominent Nigerians such as Ambassador Obi Adim, The ever influential dynamic estate surveyor; Prof. James Gaius Ibe- USA trained and tenured professor of economics, finance and business administration, Dr Dennis Ndububa-a graduate of UNN","title":"Onuimo"},{"id":"12429693","text":"Langtang North Langtang North is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Langtang. at. It has an area of 1,188 km² and a population of 140,643 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 941. In July 2014, \"at least 11 persons have been feared killed at Zamadede of Pil-Gani district of Langtang North Local Government Area of Plateau State.\" House of Representatives member Hon. Beni Lar, who represents Langtang North and South constituency, \"described the Zama Dede community as peace loving and hard working farmers,\" who produce large","title":"Langtang North"},{"id":"10738974","text":"Postal orders of Nigeria It is not yet known when postal orders began to be issued in Nigeria, but they are still being issued today. It is not yet known when these began to be issued, but it is known that they were withdrawn from sale during the 1960s, due to the imposition of foreign exchange controls. These began to be issued during the 1960s. The first two issues were denominated in Nigerian pounds, shillings, and pence. These were replaced in 1973, when Nigeria changed over to the decimal currency of Naira and Kobo. Various issues of the \"Postal Order","title":"Postal orders of Nigeria"},{"id":"2899083","text":"are various tourist sites to visit while in Warri: Notable Nigerian ministers from Warri include Ayo Oritsejafor and Jeremiah Omoto Fufeyin. Warri The city of Warri is an oil hub in South-South Nigeria and houses an annex of the Delta State Government House. It served as the colonial capital of the then Warri Province. It shares boundaries with Ughelli/Agbarho, Sapele, Okpe, Udu and Uvwie although most of these places, notably Udu, Okpe and Uvwie, have been integrated to the larger cosmopolitan Warri. Osubi houses an airport that serves the city. Effurun serves as the gateway to and the economic nerve","title":"Warri"},{"id":"13938695","text":"city, and to other parts of the country. The postal code of the area is 961. Karu LGA Karu is a Local Government Area in Nasarawa State, central Nigeria.It is close in proximity to the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. It has an area of 2,640 km².Karu local government has its headquarters in New Karu town. It was originally built to house the capital's civil servants and lower income families, but had no running water or good sanitation system. According to the 2006 census,the population of mainly New Karu town was 205,477, Loyola Jesuit College is in Gidan Mangoro, Karu.","title":"Karu LGA"},{"id":"13875713","text":"limits (with the exception of Algarve) are not exactly the same. People can also search for postal codes at the CTT Correios website. Lisbon: 1000, 1050, 1070, 1100, 1150, 1170, 1200, 1250, 1300,1500 1350, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1885, 1900, 1950 and 1990 Porto: 4000, 4050, 4100, 4150, 4200, 4250, 4300 and 4350 Aveiro: 3800 and 3810 Beja: 7800 Braga: 4700, 4705, 4710 and 4715 Bragança: 5300 Castelo Branco: 6000 Coimbra: 3000, 3020, 3025, 3030, 3040 and 3045 Évora: 7000 and 7005 Faro: 8000 and 8005 Funchal: 9000, 9020, 9030 and 9050 Guarda: 6300 Leiria: 2400, 2405, 2410,","title":"Postal codes in Portugal"},{"id":"13943777","text":"longitude 70 301 and 70 001 and it is dominated by feeder roads which serve as links between different communities within the Local Government. The postal code of the area is 351. Ondo East Ondo East is a Local Government Area in Ondo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bolorunduro. The Local Government occupies an area of approximately 896 sq kilometers with a population of 76,096 according to the 2006 population census. The Local Government is located in the equatorial region and shares boundaries on the North with Idanre Local Government, on the South with Ondo West","title":"Ondo East"},{"id":"12020255","text":"solid mineral industries. Cross River State Yala, Nigeria Yala is a Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Okpoma in the east of the area at . It has an area of 1,739 km² and a population of 210,843 at the 2006 census. This makes Yala the second most populated LGA in Cross River State, coming after Akpabuyo. The postal code of the area is 550. The dominant tribe in the Area are the Yala. Some Yala towns and villages are Okuku, Yahe, Ugaga, Ijegu, Oloko, Imaje, Oke, Echumoga, Woda, Ebo, Igede","title":"Yala, Nigeria"},{"id":"12740243","text":"Ekeremor Ekeremor is one of the eight local government areas (LGAs) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. It borders Delta State and has a coastline of approximately 60 km on the Bight of Bonny. Its headquarters are in the town of Ekeremor in the northeast of the area. It has an area of 1,810 km² and a population of 270,257 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 561. Ekeremor LGA is home to members of the Ekeremor clan of the Ijaw ethnic group. According to the Nigeria 2006 Census, Ekeremor LGA has a population of roughly 270,000 people","title":"Ekeremor"},{"id":"18088776","text":"Ibokun Ibokun is a populated place in Osun State, Nigeria. It is located at an elevation of 416 meters above sea level. Ibokun is the headquarters of Obokun Local Government Area, Osun State. The postal code of the area is 233. Its coordinates are 7°46'6\" N and 4°43'0\" E in DMS (Degrees Minutes Seconds) or 7.78333 and 4.71667 (in decimal degrees). Ibokun previously known as Ilemure was named after the warrior that delivered the town from attacks of the neighborhood warriors such as Alare- the paramount ruler of the then Ilare town. It was believed that Obokun migrated from Ife","title":"Ibokun"},{"id":"13938773","text":"from UNHCR to build temporary facilities; additional funding is needed for shelter, water, and food. Bosso, Nigeria Bosso is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Maikunkele. It has an area of 1,592 km² and a population of 147,359 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 920. Bosso is the home of one of the campuses of the Federal University of Technology Minna. The campus which was originally the main/only campus before the school moved to the new campus at Gidan Kwano. In 2014, Bosso became home to","title":"Bosso, Nigeria"},{"id":"13930370","text":"Onicha Onicha is a Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. It has an area of 476 km and has a population of 236,828 according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 491. Its headquarters are in the town of Isu. However, there are a number of towns and villages in the Southeastern part of Nigeria that go by that name \"ISU\". But this ISU, originally made up of Agbabor, Amanator, Isu Achara, Mgbaneze, Ezekporoke, Anike,Mgbana Ukwu, Obeagu, Umuniko among others was in Ohaozara Local Government Area Council until the creation of Onicha Area Council. Onicha","title":"Onicha"},{"id":"13934937","text":"communities: Umuagwo, Oloshi, Umunkwaku, Obile, Obitti, Opuoma, Mgbirichi/Alakuru, Assa, Awarra, Ikwerede, Umuokanne, Obiakpu, Ohoba, Obosima, While Egbema has the following autonomous communities: Abacheke, Abaezi, Ekugba, Obeakpu, Obiakpu, Mgbara, Umuoji, Mmahu, Opuoma, .. Ohaji/Egbema Ohaji/Egbema is an oil-rich Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Mmahu-Egbema. It has an area of 890 km² and a population of 182,538 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 464. The local council lies in the south-western part of Imo State. It shares common boundaries with Owerri in the East, Oguta LGA in the North and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni in","title":"Ohaji/Egbema"},{"id":"13927590","text":"Orawe,Bunaka, Agagbe, Nagi, Aondoana, Kula, Jimba, Anguhar, Atukpu and Ajigba,Ikyande is another popular market in Gwer West Local Government Area. Gwer West 'Gwer West' is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Naka. It has an area of 1,094 km² and a population of 122,145 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 971. it has fifteen council wards and kindreds; Sengev, Tsambe/Mbesev, Merkyen, Nyamshi, Gaambe-Ushin, Mbachohon, Mbapa, Tijime, Avihijime, Gbange/Tongov, Toughatee/Injaha, Sengev/Yengev, Saghev/Ukusu, Ikyagev, Mbabuande. HRH Chief Daniel Ayua Abomtse is the current paramount ruler. the current Chairman","title":"Gwer West"},{"id":"13946900","text":"of 113 km² and a population of 220,100 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 504. Asari-Toru Asari-Toru is a Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Asari-Toru Local Government Area was created out of the old Degema Local Government Area on May 16, 1989 under the Hon. Eziwoke Wokoma. The inhabitants are of a common language which is the “Kalabari” speaking nationality, with ancestral origin and beliefs. Asari-Toru is the “Seat” of the Ancestral Stool of the Kalabari Speaking Dynasty which cuts across Akuku-Toru and Degema Local Government Areas. The Local Government Area upon creation","title":"Asari-Toru"},{"id":"13942024","text":"Yunusari Yunusari is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kanamma (or Kanama) in the north-east of the area on the Burun Gana River at . It shares a border in the north with The Republic of Niger. It has an area of 3,790 km² and a population of 125,821 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 632. Agriculture i.e. production of crops like millet, beans, maize, sorghum, ground nut as well as rearing of animals are the main business of people in the Local Government. The main","title":"Yunusari"},{"id":"13930497","text":"Owan West Owan West is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Sabongida Ora. It has an area of 732 km² and a population of 97,388 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 313. Wedding List is the list given to the intending groom looking to marry a woman from Sabongida Ora (Owan West) . Everything on the list is to be purchased and presented at the traditional wedding ceremony (this is to be fixed and agreed on before list is given). The content of the list varies","title":"Owan West"},{"id":"10738975","text":"News\", which were published by The Postal Order Society (Great Britain). Postal orders of Nigeria It is not yet known when postal orders began to be issued in Nigeria, but they are still being issued today. It is not yet known when these began to be issued, but it is known that they were withdrawn from sale during the 1960s, due to the imposition of foreign exchange controls. These began to be issued during the 1960s. The first two issues were denominated in Nigerian pounds, shillings, and pence. These were replaced in 1973, when Nigeria changed over to the decimal","title":"Postal orders of Nigeria"},{"id":"13930499","text":"beer 20. Two cartons of malt drink 21. Two crates each of 3 different soda drinks i.e Cola, Pepsi, Fanta, Mirinda, Sprite e.t.c. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Idegbe #500 (depends on family) <nowiki>*</nowiki>Igele #500 (depends on family) <nowiki>*</nowiki>Erahoin #1,000 (depends on family) <nowiki>*</nowiki>Iyanhoin #500 (depends on family) Owan West Owan West is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Sabongida Ora. It has an area of 732 km² and a population of 97,388 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 313. Wedding List is the list given to the intending groom looking","title":"Owan West"},{"id":"13934915","text":"the seven villages has four kindred which include Amankwu, Amaube, Amanwaebo, Umuokereke, and Umuodah. Ngor Okpala Ngor Okpala is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Umuneke Ngor. It has an area of 561 km² and a population of 159,932 at the 2006 census. It is a notable place in Imo state because of the LGA's locational position. It connects Abia and Rivers states of Nigeria. It is the largest local government area in Imo State and one of the largest in Nigeria. The postal code of the area is 460. There","title":"Ngor Okpala"},{"id":"13942012","text":"Potiskum Potiskum is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria, on the A3 highway at . It had an area of and a population of 205,876 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 631. Potiskum is the main settlement for the Ngizim,Kare-kare and Bolewa people. The current Emir of Potiskum Mai Umar Ibn Wuriwa Bauya was awarded a national honour of officer of the order of the Niger (OON) by the former president and commander in-chief of the arm forces federal republic of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo GCFR in 2004. Potiskum has been a thriving trade","title":"Potiskum"},{"id":"13934913","text":"Ngor Okpala Ngor Okpala is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Umuneke Ngor. It has an area of 561 km² and a population of 159,932 at the 2006 census. It is a notable place in Imo state because of the LGA's locational position. It connects Abia and Rivers states of Nigeria. It is the largest local government area in Imo State and one of the largest in Nigeria. The postal code of the area is 460. There are many Communities in Ngor Okpala They include: Obiangwu, Ntu, Alulu, Amala, Oburu, Obokwe,","title":"Ngor Okpala"},{"id":"13943685","text":"or villages headed by Obas or \"Royal Fathers\": Ilaro, Idogo, Iwoye, Oke-Odan, Ijanna, Itoro, Owode, Erinja, Ajilete and Ilobi. Yewa South Yewa South, (formerly Egbado South), is a Local Government Area in the west of Ogun State, Nigeria bordering the Republic of Benin. Its headquarters are in the town of Ilaro at in the north of the Area. It has an area of 629 km² and a population of 168,850 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 111. The area has 10 wards, Ilaro I, Ilaro II, Ilaro III, Iwoye, Idogo, Owode I, Owode II, Ilobi/Erinja,","title":"Yewa South"},{"id":"13939049","text":"postal code of the area is 811. Lere, Kaduna State Lere is a Local Government Area of Nigeria in Kaduna State, Nigeria. It is located geographically at the latitude 10 degrees 39 North and longitude 8 degrees 57 East. The town was established in 1870, by the fifth Sarkin Lere Muhammadu Dankaka, it is the headquarters of Lere Emirate. The town and its environs has an estimated population of 94,000. Lere Local Government has an area of 2,158 km and a population of 331,161 at the 2006 census. Its headquarters are in the town of Saminaka. To understand the origin","title":"Lere, Kaduna State"},{"id":"13927969","text":"551. Ikom Ikom is a Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ikom in the east of the area on the Cross River and the A4 highway at. It has an area of 1,961 km² and a population of 162,383 at the 2006 census. The people of Ikom are majorly farmers. Ikom is a major producer of Banana and Plantain for the Nigerian market. Ikom is known for the Ikom monoliths, artifacts that bear an ancient writing sometimes taken to be an early form of nsibidi. The postal code of the area","title":"Ikom"},{"id":"13927823","text":"Monguno Monguno is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Monguno. It has an area of 1,913 km² and a population of 109,851 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 612. It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. In early January 2015, residents fled Monguno and the village of Doron-Baga for the internally displaced persons camps in Maiduguri, following the capture of nearby Bama by Boko Haram. Monguno was captured by Boko Haram forces on","title":"Monguno"},{"id":"13930535","text":"Of Benin Kingdom late Chief Engineer Ima Igiehon, who was the Obaghayomwn of Benin Kingdom, Chief Gabriel Osawaru Igbinadion the Esama Of Benin Kingdom, Prince Adun Akenzua and many other prominent princes and chiefs. It has an area of 249 km² and a population of 374,671 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 300. Oredo Oredo is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in Benin City. Oredo is a local government in Edo State, and its capital city is Benin city which also the capital city of Edo State. Benin city","title":"Oredo"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"13875769\",\n \"text\": \"has the postal code 900001, Ikeja HO in Lagos has 100001, Lokoja in Kogi has 270001 and Port Harcourt has 500001. The lowest postcode is 100001 and the highest is 982002.in addition here are some postal code for some state in Nigeria, ENUGU 400001, Imo 460001 2. Complete List of states and there postal code at Nigeria Postal code 3. Nigeria Zip code organise by geo political zones 4. Comprehensive Nigeria Postal codes of all the towns and villages in nigeria Postal codes in Nigeria Postal codes in Nigeria are numeric, consisting of six digits. NIPOST, the Nigerian Postal Service,\",\n \"title\": \"Postal codes in Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930320\",\n \"text\": \"oil companies operating in Nigeria and is also home to three different ethnic groups namely Ijaws, Urhobos and Itsekiris It has an area of 633 km² and a population of 303,417 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 332. Warri South Warri South is a Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the city of Warri. Warri, the headquarters of Warri South LGA, is an important sea port in the country and the commercial nerve centre of the state. The area is predominantly riverine with large expanses of mangrove forests and has\",\n \"title\": \"Warri South\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13875768\",\n \"text\": \"Postal codes in Nigeria Postal codes in Nigeria are numeric, consisting of six digits. NIPOST, the Nigerian Postal Service, divides the country into nine regions, which make up the first digit of the code. The second and third digits, combined with the first, are the dispatch district for outgoing sorting. The last three digits represent the delivery location. A delivery location can be any of the following; a post office facility, a rural area, or an urban area. The main postal head office in each region will have a postal code ending in 0001, so Garki Main HO in Abuja\",\n \"title\": \"Postal codes in Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930322\",\n \"text\": \"in Delta State and the Niger Delta. Operation has commenced in the Phase one the Escravos Gas to Liquid project and in March 2015 another $16 Billion gas project was commissioned. In addition, the Nigerian maritime University will be taking off in Okerenkoko. In the presence of the wealth of natural resource, the LGA has suffered huge impact of resource extraction and communal disputes but in the past years it has emerged a state place for business and development. The postal code of the area is 332. Warri South West Warri South West is a Local Government Area in Delta\",\n \"title\": \"Warri South West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930323\",\n \"text\": \"Warri North Warri North is a Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Koko. It has an area of 1,841 km² and a population of 137,300 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 332. Warri North LGA has its headquarters at Koko, a cosmopolitan town and a sea port. Conspicuous in the town is the ancient house of Nana Olomu of Itsekiri, who was a major player in the slave trade business with the Europeans. The LGA is predominantly riverine and is inhabited by the Itsekiris and Ijaw Izons.\",\n \"title\": \"Warri North\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934967\",\n \"text\": \"the capital city of Imo State, Nigeria. It has an area of 295 km² and a population of 99,265 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Prominent locations in Owerri West include: The Owerri West Local Government Headquarters is situated at the heart of Umuguma community by the central market square. Owerri West Owerri West is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Umuguma. Owerri West Local Government is administered under the terms of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Elections to the office of\",\n \"title\": \"Owerri West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930496\",\n \"text\": \"males and 72,538 females) at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 313.(Emai;313101, Ihievbe;313102, Ive-Ada-Obi;313103, Uokha;313104, Ivbi-Mion;313105, Igue;313106, Otuo;313107, and Ikao;313108) Owan East Owan East is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The headquarters is in the town of Afuze. The Owan East Local Government Area comprises 69 towns/villages made up of eight clans (Emai, Igue, Ihievbe, Ikao, Ivbi-Mion, Ive-Ada-Obi, Otuo and Uokha). Owan-East is bordered in the North by Akoko-Edo LGA, in the East by Etsako-West LGA, at the West is Ekiti State, at the South-West we find the sister local government- Owan-West, while\",\n \"title\": \"Owan East\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934951\",\n \"text\": \"Owerri Municipal Owerri Municipal is a Local Government Area in Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the city of Owerri. It has an area of 58 km² and a population of 127,213 according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Owerri city sits at the intersection of roads from Port Harcourt, Onitsha, Aba, Orlu, Okigwe and Umuahia. It is also the trade center for palm products, corn [maize], yams and cassava [manioc]. Eke Ukwu Owere market is the main market in Owerri Municipal. Before the advent of the British in 1901-2, Owere town (anglicized\",\n \"title\": \"Owerri Municipal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930324\",\n \"text\": \"The major occupations of the people are fishing, carving of canoes, net weaving, hunting, clothes dyeing, trading and farming. It is also the location of a lovely tourist attraction, the floating market at Ogheye. Warri North Warri North is a Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Koko. It has an area of 1,841 km² and a population of 137,300 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 332. Warri North LGA has its headquarters at Koko, a cosmopolitan town and a sea port. Conspicuous in the town is the\",\n \"title\": \"Warri North\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2899070\",\n \"text\": \"the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Its boundary in the Northeast was Sapele/Udu creek near Ughelli and Aboh, with Forçados River in the Southeast and Jameson Creek in the Southwest which later changed to Delta Province. Warri city is one of the major hubs of petroleum activities and businesses in the southern Nigeria. It is a commercial capital city of Delta State, with a population of over 311,970 people according to the national population census figures for 2006. The city is one of cosmopolitan cities in southern Nigeria comprising originally of Urhobo, Itsekiri and Ijaw people. Warri is predominantly\",\n \"title\": \"Warri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2899069\",\n \"text\": \"Warri The city of Warri is an oil hub in South-South Nigeria and houses an annex of the Delta State Government House. It served as the colonial capital of the then Warri Province. It shares boundaries with Ughelli/Agbarho, Sapele, Okpe, Udu and Uvwie although most of these places, notably Udu, Okpe and Uvwie, have been integrated to the larger cosmopolitan Warri. Osubi houses an airport that serves the city. Effurun serves as the gateway to and the economic nerve of the city. The name \\\"Warri province\\\" was once applicable to the part of an area now called Delta State under\",\n \"title\": \"Warri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19405949\",\n \"text\": \"Area codes 084 and 086 Area codes 084 and 086 are Nigerian telephone area codes serving the cities of Port Harcourt and Ahoada in Rivers State. They fall under the Southeast Zone in the National Numbering Plan (NNP) restructured in 2003. When in Port Harcourt or Ahoada, only the six-digit phone number is required for local calls, but to call the cities from elsewhere within the NNP, simply dial 084 or 086 followed by the subscriber's phone number. From other countries the international call prefix used in the originating country must be dialled before 234 + 84 + six digit\",\n \"title\": \"Area codes 084 and 086\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934956\",\n \"text\": \"the village headships, and paramount rulership within Owerri Municipal. Owerri Municipal Owerri Municipal is a Local Government Area in Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the city of Owerri. It has an area of 58 km² and a population of 127,213 according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Owerri city sits at the intersection of roads from Port Harcourt, Onitsha, Aba, Orlu, Okigwe and Umuahia. It is also the trade center for palm products, corn [maize], yams and cassava [manioc]. Eke Ukwu Owere market is the main market in Owerri Municipal. Before the\",\n \"title\": \"Owerri Municipal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11499873\",\n \"text\": \"Munya, Nigeria Munya is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Sarkin Pawa in the north of the area near Kaduna State at. It has an area of 2,176 km² and a population of 103,651 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 921. It is located in the eastern region of the state. Its main inhabitants are the Gwari people with farming as their main occupation. Munya is made up of eight political wards with Guni ward as the largest and strongest of all. Guni as its popularly\",\n \"title\": \"Munya, Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930319\",\n \"text\": \"Warri South Warri South is a Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the city of Warri. Warri, the headquarters of Warri South LGA, is an important sea port in the country and the commercial nerve centre of the state. The area is predominantly riverine with large expanses of mangrove forests and has a land area of approximately 1,520 square kilometres. The LGA consists of several communities namely, Ode-Itsekiri, Agbassa, Orugbo, Ogunu, Obodo, Igbudu, Omadino, Edjeba, Ijala, Ekurede, Ugbori, Okere, Ikpisan, Ifie-Kporo, Ubeji, Ajamimogha and Alders Town. It harbors many industrial establishments including all the major\",\n \"title\": \"Warri South\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13943587\",\n \"text\": \"Katcha, Nigeria Katcha is a local government area of Niger State, in central Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Katcha. Badeggi is one of the major towns of the local government area, located on the A124 highway in the west of the area at . It has an area of and a population of 122,176, according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 912. Katcha Local Government area has a population of about 122,176 as taken from the National Census conducted in 2006. It has an area of and a population of about 122,176\",\n \"title\": \"Katcha, Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13938776\",\n \"text\": \"Mariga, Nigeria Mariga is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bangi in the north of the area. It has an area of 5,552 km² and a population of 199,430 at the 2006 census. Mariga is the commercial nerve center of Northern part of Niger and is the second largest Local Government in Niger state. Transportation Mariga is strategically located and owns its leading position as commercial hub in northern part of the state. Mariga is linked to many Local Government cities by road. The postal code of the area is 922.\",\n \"title\": \"Mariga, Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13931196\",\n \"text\": \"Udi, Enugu Udi is a Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the city of Udi on the A232 highway. It has an area of 897 km² and a population of 370,002 at the 2015 census. The postal code of the area is 401. It was the subject of the 1949 documentary film \\\"Daybreak in Udi\\\". 1. Ezedike (new l.g.a): This l.g.a to be created. Akpankwume (Ugwuocha) Apkankpume, Ibute Nze, Ezi Nze, Oghu. 2. Ojebogene (new l.g.a): This l.g.a to be created. Awhum, Ebe, Abor, Umuavulu-Abor, Ukana, Awhum, Okpatu-Ikeghe, Okpatu-Ibite, Umulumbge, Umuoka. 3. Ugwunye (new l.g.a):\",\n \"title\": \"Udi, Enugu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13938768\",\n \"text\": \"Lapai Lapai is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria, adjoining the Federal Capital Territory. Its headquarters are in the town of Lapai on the A124 highway in the west of the area at . It has an area of 3,051 km² and a population of 110,127 at the 2006 census. The area is roughly coterminous with the Lapai Emirate. The postal code of the area is 911. The Lapai Emirate, today in Nigeria, is a traditional state that lies near the Gurara River, a tributary to the Niger River, and was originally inhabited by the Gbari people, covering\",\n \"title\": \"Lapai\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13938772\",\n \"text\": \"Bosso, Nigeria Bosso is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Maikunkele. It has an area of 1,592 km² and a population of 147,359 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 920. Bosso is the home of one of the campuses of the Federal University of Technology Minna. The campus which was originally the main/only campus before the school moved to the new campus at Gidan Kwano. In 2014, Bosso became home to thousands of refugees fleeing fighting in Borno State. The government of Niger State requested help\",\n \"title\": \"Bosso, Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13942073\",\n \"text\": \"Gassol Gassol is a Local Government Area in Taraba State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Mutum Biyu (or Mutumbiyu or Mutum Mbiyu) on the A4 highway at. It has an area of 5,548 km² and a population of 244,749 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 672. The northern border of Gassol is the Benue River and the Taraba River flows north through the area to its confluence with the Benue. Gassol is one of the eight LGAs of Taraba State whose majority population is the Mumuye people. On 28 June 2014, the\",\n \"title\": \"Gassol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19405950\",\n \"text\": \"phone number. For example, a call placed from Mexico to Port Harcourt would be dialled as 00 + 234 + 84 + six digit phone number. Area codes 084 and 086 Area codes 084 and 086 are Nigerian telephone area codes serving the cities of Port Harcourt and Ahoada in Rivers State. They fall under the Southeast Zone in the National Numbering Plan (NNP) restructured in 2003. When in Port Harcourt or Ahoada, only the six-digit phone number is required for local calls, but to call the cities from elsewhere within the NNP, simply dial 084 or 086 followed by\",\n \"title\": \"Area codes 084 and 086\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13938867\",\n \"text\": \"the local government area. The 15 wards of Warawa local government area are: It has an area of 360 km² and a population of 128,787 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 713. Warawa Warawa is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Warawa on the A237 highway. It was created out of Dawakin Kudu Local Government in the early 90s. Hausa people make up about 90 per cent of the total population of the Local Government Area. KannyWood comedian/actor Rabilu Musa (Ibro) was from the local government.\",\n \"title\": \"Warawa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13946901\",\n \"text\": \"Ogu–Bolo Ogu–Bolo (also spelled Ogu/Bolo) is a Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ogu. It has an area of 89 km² and a population of 74,683 at the 2006 census. This is an area belonging to the Ogu–Bolo people. The postal code of the area is 504. Satellite villages and fishing settlements include: Tende Ama, Ada Ama I, Ada Ama II, Tamuno Ama (Ofunguru Ama), Yude Ama, New Ogu (Kporo Ama), Chuku Ama, Nemieboka Ama, Igafe Ama, Tendefe Ama, Olobulo Ama, Brown Ama, Afaka Ama, Agakien Ama, Daso Ama, Owukiri Ama, Omodarani\",\n \"title\": \"Ogu–Bolo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13931012\",\n \"text\": \"Ezeagu Ezeagu is a Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Aguobu-Owa. It has an area of 633 km² and a population of 169,718 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 401. Ezeagu L.G.A Agba-Umana Aguobu-owa Aguobu-Umuaji Aguobu-Umumba Akama Oghe Amakwo Oghe Amansi-Odo Awha Imezi Awha Ndiagu Iwollo Imezi Neke Obelagu-Umana Obunofia-Ndiagu Obunofia-Ndiuno Okpo-Gho Olo Oyofo Umumba-Ndiagu Staple Food: The good people of Ezeagu LGA is known popularly for 'Abacha' as the most common staple food. They produce it both in subsistence and commercial quantity. Abacha is made from\",\n \"title\": \"Ezeagu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934957\",\n \"text\": \"Owerri North Owerri North is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Orie Uratta. It has an area of 198 square km and a population of 175,395 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Owerri North is semi-urban government area. It encircles Owerri Municipal like a peninsular. Six major roads that lead out of the municipal cuts across Owerri North Communities. In the North, Orlu road leads to Amakaohia and Akwakuma communities. In the East, Okigwe road leads to Orji Community. In the West, MCC road off\",\n \"title\": \"Owerri North\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9657082\",\n \"text\": \"a part of the British Empire.The Etsu nupe Agaie is Alhaji Yusuf Nuhu Agaie Agaie is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Agaie on the A124 highway. It has an area of 1,903 km² and a population of 132,907 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 911. Agaie was a 19th-century state in present-day Nigeria covering roughly the same land of the present LGA. It was originally inhabited by Nupe people, but became an emirate and part of the Fulani Empire in 1822, after Fulani mercenaries intervened\",\n \"title\": \"Agaie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934934\",\n \"text\": \"Ohaji/Egbema Ohaji/Egbema is an oil-rich Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Mmahu-Egbema. It has an area of 890 km² and a population of 182,538 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 464. The local council lies in the south-western part of Imo State. It shares common boundaries with Owerri in the East, Oguta LGA in the North and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni in Rivers State in the South-west. There are presence of such major Oil producing and servicing companies including Shell Nigeria, Chevron Corporation, Agip and many others in the council area. Besides Oil and\",\n \"title\": \"Ohaji/Egbema\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5815258\",\n \"text\": \"Ogabi's,The Aggrey's,The Ukpo's Bebi Airport, a small airstrip, is close to Ogoja. Ogoja Ogoja is a Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Ogoja town in the northeast of the area near the A4 highway at. It has an area of 972 km² and a population of 171,901 at the 2006 census. Its St. Benedict’s Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ogoja. The postal code of the area is 550. The town was one of the provinces during pre-colonial times. It consists of many tribal units, including Ishibori (this village has\",\n \"title\": \"Ogoja\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930935\",\n \"text\": \"Moba, Nigeria Moba is a Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Otun. It has an area of 199 km² and a population of 146,496 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 372. Moba consists of the following notable towns: Tourism There are several places of interests in the local government that could attract tourists and they include Ero Dam, Ikun; Oore Monumental Palace, Otun; Eyemojo Grave, Osan; Eegun Regalia Costumes, Ikun; and Egi Hill, Igogo. There are several Co-operative socieities in the Local Government and also thriving industries\",\n \"title\": \"Moba, Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13186771\",\n \"text\": \"Gaya, Nigeria Gaya is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Gaya in the north of the area. It has an area of 613 km² and a population of 201,016 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 713. Gaya is believed to be the origin of a man named Kano who first settled in the present Kano State on his search for ironstone. Gaya served as an important terminus of a migratory corridor through which there was an influx of immigrating peoples especially from Eastern Sudan, the Maghrib\",\n \"title\": \"Gaya, Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927639\",\n \"text\": \"also stated in August 2016 that Abadam was under control of the militants. Abadam Abadam is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria, on the western coast of Lake Chad. Its headquarters are in the town of Malumfatori. It has an area of 3,973 km² and a population of 100,180 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 602. It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. In October 2014, Boko Haram fighters took over Abadam town, with at least 40 deaths, but fled\",\n \"title\": \"Abadam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19469457\",\n \"text\": \"– NigeriaWest Africa. Places with the same postal code of 453110 as Abala-Ibeme in Abia State, Nigeria Abala-Ibeme, Abala- Ibeme, Abala-Nkomiri, Abala-Nkomiri, Ahiaka, Oberete, Oberete, Obete-Uku, Obete-Uku, Obete-Umodu, Obete- Umodu, Obete-Umuoha, Obete-Umuoha, Ohanze-Agwo, Ohanze- Agwo, Weather forecast for Abala-Ibeme in Abia State NOTE: Accuracy is 1 hr, This Weather forecast for Abala-Ibeme in Abia State is based on a report for Postal Code region 2 : Ukwa East (Same as Local Government Area in some states) . The weather is mainly cold and the area is mainly a wet, with grasses covered all over (mainly: palm tree). Abala, Abia State\",\n \"title\": \"Abala, Abia State\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7892092\",\n \"text\": \"There are also shrines such as Ijamido and Ogbodo Shrines. The second oldest storey building in West Africa can be found in Ota, the Vicarage of the St. James Anglican Church built in 1842. The postal code of the area is 112. The Executive Chairman is Com. Bashiru Oladele Adeniji. The Local Government Area is also home to former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo and his post-presidential enterprise, Obasanjo Farms located in Ota. Ado-Odo/Ota The Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area is one of the 19 Local Government Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. It came into existence on May 19, 1989, following the\",\n \"title\": \"Ado-Odo/Ota\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927637\",\n \"text\": \"Abadam Abadam is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria, on the western coast of Lake Chad. Its headquarters are in the town of Malumfatori. It has an area of 3,973 km² and a population of 100,180 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 602. It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. In October 2014, Boko Haram fighters took over Abadam town, with at least 40 deaths, but fled after an attack by Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) troops. Local residents, some\",\n \"title\": \"Abadam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13942029\",\n \"text\": \"Tarmuwa Tarmuwa is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Babangida at. It has an area of 4,594 km² and a population of 177,204 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 620. Tarmuwa Town is under the leadership of Mashio Kingdom by Jajere Emirate Administration. And Jajere Emirate is situated in the heart of Yobe State. It is surrounded to the north by Bursari Local Gov't, Jakusko Local Gov't to the North West and Damaturu Local Gov't The State Capital. To the South Potiskum and Nangere Local Gov't\",\n \"title\": \"Tarmuwa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13943684\",\n \"text\": \"Yewa South Yewa South, (formerly Egbado South), is a Local Government Area in the west of Ogun State, Nigeria bordering the Republic of Benin. Its headquarters are in the town of Ilaro at in the north of the Area. It has an area of 629 km² and a population of 168,850 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 111. The area has 10 wards, Ilaro I, Ilaro II, Ilaro III, Iwoye, Idogo, Owode I, Owode II, Ilobi/Erinja, Oke-Odan and Ajilete. The people speak the Yewa and Egun dialects of the Yoruba language. There are seven areas\",\n \"title\": \"Yewa South\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9651766\",\n \"text\": \"director general NYSC Former Commissioner of Education Katsina State Professor of Agricultural Economic and Extension Current Nigeria's ambassador to China Current Nigeria's ambassador to Iran The postal code of the area is 831. Bakori Bakori is a local government area in Katsina State, Nigeria. It was created on 15 May 1989 by the then military governor of Katsina State Major General Lawrence Onoja The district head of Bakori was suspended and later reinstated by the Emir of Katsina HRH. Abdulmumini Kabir Usman due to the allegations of Corruption, mismanagement, and disrespect to Katsina emirate. Alhaji Idris Sule Idris,assumed as the\",\n \"title\": \"Bakori\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13931271\",\n \"text\": \"170,902 at the 2006 census. The local government area is bounded to the north by Isiala Mbano and Ehime Mbano, to the east by Obowo and Ihitte Uboma, to the south by Ezinihitte Mbaise and Aboh Mbaise and to the west by Ikeduru. The postal code of the area is 463. Ahiazu Mbaise Ahiazu Mbaise is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. It is as a result of a merger between Ahiara and Ekwerazu. Its headquarters are in the town of Afororu (or Afor Oru). There are fourteen (14) towns that make up Ahiazu Mbaise. They are ;\",\n \"title\": \"Ahiazu Mbaise\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12020253\",\n \"text\": \"Yala, Nigeria Yala is a Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Okpoma in the east of the area at . It has an area of 1,739 km² and a population of 210,843 at the 2006 census. This makes Yala the second most populated LGA in Cross River State, coming after Akpabuyo. The postal code of the area is 550. The dominant tribe in the Area are the Yala. Some Yala towns and villages are Okuku, Yahe, Ugaga, Ijegu, Oloko, Imaje, Oke, Echumoga, Woda, Ebo, Igede Edii Nation, Itekpa, Maa, Wonye, Uchu,\",\n \"title\": \"Yala, Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13943683\",\n \"text\": \"amenities in community like Mosan Yewa becomes serious social problem as inhabitants find it difficult to have access to good living. Yewa North Yewa North (formerly Egbado North) is a Local Government Area in the west of Ogun State, Nigeria bordering the Republic of Benin. Its headquarters are in the town of Aiyetoro (or Ayetoro) at in the north-east of the Area. It has an area of 2,087 km² and a population of 181,826 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 111. Aiyetoro, established around 1813, is one of the founding cites that formed Ogun State\",\n \"title\": \"Yewa North\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13943680\",\n \"text\": \"Yewa North Yewa North (formerly Egbado North) is a Local Government Area in the west of Ogun State, Nigeria bordering the Republic of Benin. Its headquarters are in the town of Aiyetoro (or Ayetoro) at in the north-east of the Area. It has an area of 2,087 km² and a population of 181,826 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 111. Aiyetoro, established around 1813, is one of the founding cites that formed Ogun State in the mid-1970s. It hosts one of the best secondary school in the old Western Region - Comprehensive High School, Aiyetoro.\",\n \"title\": \"Yewa North\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7914149\",\n \"text\": \"Bida Bida is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria and a city on the A124 highway which occupies most of the area. The LGA has an area of 51 km² and a population of 188,181 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 912. Bida is the second largest city in Niger State with an estimated population of 178,840 (2007). It is located southwest of Minna, capital of Niger State, and is a dry, arid town. The major ethnic group is the Nupe. Bida is the headquarters of the Nupe Kingdom led by the Etsu\",\n \"title\": \"Bida\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13931225\",\n \"text\": \"Dukku Dukku is a Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dukku. The Gongola River flows through the west and north of the LGA. It has an area of 3,815 km² and a population of 207,190 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 760. The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude passes through the LGA about 6 km to the southeast of the town of Dukku. Historically, Dukku town was formed in the 17th century. It is officially believed that Arɗo Almoodo, a leader of Fulani clan and\",\n \"title\": \"Dukku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11110512\",\n \"text\": \"Ogori/Magongo Ogori-Magongo is a Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in Akpafa. It was created from the old Okene Local Government Area for the Ogori and Magongo people. They occupy the land from Obehira Ebaba to Lampse up to Ososo in Edo state. An area of more than 79 km (31sqm) A population of 39,622 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 263. There are two main towns in the LGA, Magongo and Ogori, which together form the name of the area. People of the area are renowned for their scholarship, hospitality\",\n \"title\": \"Ogori/Magongo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9657081\",\n \"text\": \"Agaie Agaie is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Agaie on the A124 highway. It has an area of 1,903 km² and a population of 132,907 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 911. Agaie was a 19th-century state in present-day Nigeria covering roughly the same land of the present LGA. It was originally inhabited by Nupe people, but became an emirate and part of the Fulani Empire in 1822, after Fulani mercenaries intervened in the Nupe civil wars. In the early 20th century, the land became\",\n \"title\": \"Agaie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5815383\",\n \"text\": \"Okene Okene is a town in the Nigerian state of Kogi. The town is based in a Local Government Area of the same name. Okene runs along the A2 highway. It had an area of 328 km² and a population of 320,260 at the 2006 census. The predominant people are the Ebira of central Nigeria and the Yoruba; the local languages are Ebira and Yoruba The postal code of the area is 264. Okene is the birthplace of American Hockey League player and National Hockey League prospect Akim Aliu. Another prominent Nigerian that hails from Okene is Engineer Joseph Makoju,\",\n \"title\": \"Okene\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13942074\",\n \"text\": \"Taraba State police command in Jalingo said \\\"unknown gunmen\\\" had \\\"attacked and killed 10 persons who were coming from Garba Chede to Maihula village\\\" in Gassol LGA. Gassol Gassol is a Local Government Area in Taraba State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Mutum Biyu (or Mutumbiyu or Mutum Mbiyu) on the A4 highway at. It has an area of 5,548 km² and a population of 244,749 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 672. The northern border of Gassol is the Benue River and the Taraba River flows north through the area to\",\n \"title\": \"Gassol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5815254\",\n \"text\": \"Ogoja Ogoja is a Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Ogoja town in the northeast of the area near the A4 highway at. It has an area of 972 km² and a population of 171,901 at the 2006 census. Its St. Benedict’s Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ogoja. The postal code of the area is 550. The town was one of the provinces during pre-colonial times. It consists of many tribal units, including Ishibori (this village has different clans such as Uhmuria, Ikaptang, Ikajor, Ishinyema, Ikariku, Imerakorm) and Igoli\",\n \"title\": \"Ogoja\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13938874\",\n \"text\": \"State, who have excelled in the fields of science and technology. The postal code of the area is 713. Dawakin Kudu Dawakin Kudu is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dawakin Kudu. It has an area of 384 km² and a population of 225,389 at the 2006 census. The district head of Dawakin Kudu in 2009 is Dan Iyan Kano Alhaji Yusuf Bayero and the village head is Sarkin Dawaki Aminu Bala Usman Dawaki. Dawakin Kudu has the oldest dyeing pit in Kano State. It is also home to the prestigious\",\n \"title\": \"Dawakin Kudu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9622003\",\n \"text\": \"Warri Airport Warri Airport , also known as Osubi Airstrip, is an airport serving the city of Warri in Delta State, Nigeria. It is about northeast of the city. The runway length does not include a displaced threshold/overrun on each end, making the total paved length . The Osubi non-directional beacon (Ident: OS) is located on the field. Prior to construction of the airport, a small airstrip had been created next to a congested part of the city of Warri during the 1960s. The runway was approximately in length. There was a small terminal building and an aircraft hangar. Small\",\n \"title\": \"Warri Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927589\",\n \"text\": \"Gwer West 'Gwer West' is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Naka. It has an area of 1,094 km² and a population of 122,145 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 971. it has fifteen council wards and kindreds; Sengev, Tsambe/Mbesev, Merkyen, Nyamshi, Gaambe-Ushin, Mbachohon, Mbapa, Tijime, Avihijime, Gbange/Tongov, Toughatee/Injaha, Sengev/Yengev, Saghev/Ukusu, Ikyagev, Mbabuande. HRH Chief Daniel Ayua Abomtse is the current paramount ruler. the current Chairman is Hon Ayagah Francis. There are some other important settlements in the local government apart from the headquarters, these include;\",\n \"title\": \"Gwer West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930373\",\n \"text\": \"are, Amanator, Umubo, Umudomi, umu-ezuvbu, Amata, Amakporo etc. Onicha Onicha is a Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. It has an area of 476 km and has a population of 236,828 according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 491. Its headquarters are in the town of Isu. However, there are a number of towns and villages in the Southeastern part of Nigeria that go by that name \\\"ISU\\\". But this ISU, originally made up of Agbabor, Amanator, Isu Achara, Mgbaneze, Ezekporoke, Anike,Mgbana Ukwu, Obeagu, Umuniko among others was in Ohaozara Local Government Area Council\",\n \"title\": \"Onicha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927564\",\n \"text\": \"km² and a population of 319,413 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 560. Southern Ijaw Southern Ijaw is a Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Oporoma (or Osokoma) in the north of the area at. The area has a coastline of approximately 60 km on the Bight of Bonny. The people and their language are known as Izon. It has institutions like the Niger Delta University(NDU), the states airport in Amassoma and Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe. It is the home of Kolu United FC of Koluama II. The\",\n \"title\": \"Southern Ijaw\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5665488\",\n \"text\": \"state's capital in 1996, construction and other activities have accelerated appreciably. Yenagoa's population is estimated at about 266,008 people. It is the home of the Bayelsa United FC, a premier league football club. Yenagoa Yenagoa is a Local Government Area in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Yenagoa (the State capital) in the south of the area at . The LGA has an area of 706 km² and a population of 352,285 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 561. The Ijaw form the majority of the state. English is the official\",\n \"title\": \"Yenagoa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13816797\",\n \"text\": \"and had a population of 132,641 at the 2006 census. The average annual rainfall is , though there are great deviations from this mean value from year to year. Usually, the rainy season lasts from April to October. The postal code of the area is 232. Ejigbo is a major Yoruba town in Osun State of Nigeria. It is about to Oshogbo, the capital of Osun State. According to oral history, Ejigbo is an ancient settlement. It was founded by Akinjole Ogiyan (abbreviation of \\\"Ogiriniyan\\\"), right after the old Oyo. Ogiyan has a rich pedigree, as a descendant of Oduduwa\",\n \"title\": \"Ejigbo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6315513\",\n \"text\": \"Damaturu Damaturu is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Damaturu, the State capital. The postal code of the area is 620. The Local Government Area has an area of 2,366 km² and a population of 88,014 at the 2006 census. The town of Damaturu is on the A3 highway and has an estimated 2010 population of 44,268. Damaturu is the headquarters of the Damaturu Emirate, at one time part of the Ngazaragamo emirate based in Gaidam. On 16 June 2013, Damaturu was the site of an attack by Boko Haram. Militants\",\n \"title\": \"Damaturu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14867521\",\n \"text\": \"Postage stamps and postal history of Niger This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Niger, a former French colony that obtained independence in 1960. Niger is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km, over 80 percent of which is covered by the Sahara desert. The capital city is Niamey. In 1920, Niger was separated from Upper\",\n \"title\": \"Postage stamps and postal history of Niger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5665487\",\n \"text\": \"Yenagoa Yenagoa is a Local Government Area in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Yenagoa (the State capital) in the south of the area at . The LGA has an area of 706 km² and a population of 352,285 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 561. The Ijaw form the majority of the state. English is the official language, but Epie-Atissa language is one of the local language spoken in Yenagoa others such as Ekpetiama, Gbarian, Buseni and Zarama are Ijaw dialect in Yenagoa LGA. Since attaining the status of the\",\n \"title\": \"Yenagoa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10238845\",\n \"text\": \"Kwali Area Council Kwali is a Local Government Area of the Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria). Its headquarters are in the town of Kwali. It has an area of 1,206 km² and a population of 85,837 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 904105. Kwali is one of the two area councils created from Gwagwalada Area Council on October 1, 1996 by the military administration of General Sani Abacha. What One profession that the people of Kwali Local Government Area are famous for is pottery. Indeed, it is the country home of the world-famous potter woman, Dr.\",\n \"title\": \"Kwali Area Council\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13942037\",\n \"text\": \"Gujba Gujba is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Buni Yadi at towards the south of the area; the eponymous town of Gujba lies in the north of the area. It has an area of and a population of 130,088 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 621. Gujba was traditionally, part of the Bornu Empire, and was noted as a center of commerce and learning. In the early 19th century it came under Fulani control, and eventually became part of the Fika Emirate. On 6 January\",\n \"title\": \"Gujba\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13942031\",\n \"text\": \"class status in 1993 but later it was elevated to first class status in 2005 by the state governor Bukar Abba. The present Emir succeeded his late father as second Emir in 2001. Tarmuwa Tarmuwa is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Babangida at. It has an area of 4,594 km² and a population of 177,204 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 620. Tarmuwa Town is under the leadership of Mashio Kingdom by Jajere Emirate Administration. And Jajere Emirate is situated in the heart of Yobe\",\n \"title\": \"Tarmuwa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13931303\",\n \"text\": \"Isiala Mbano Isiala Mbano is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Umuelemai. It has an area of 166 square km and a population of 198,736 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 471. The area was carved out from the former Mbano Local Government Area during the creation of additional local governments in September 1989, with its headquarters situated at Umuelemai, a border town along Anara - Umuahia Federal Road is made up of 3 clans namely, Osu, Ugri and Mbama. The local government is predominantly inhabited\",\n \"title\": \"Isiala Mbano\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13931229\",\n \"text\": \"word, Dukku (establish) and Bolawa word, ƴori (it is okay), but later shortened to Dukku for convenience. Dukku Dukku is a Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dukku. The Gongola River flows through the west and north of the LGA. It has an area of 3,815 km² and a population of 207,190 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 760. The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude passes through the LGA about 6 km to the southeast of the town of Dukku. Historically, Dukku town was formed\",\n \"title\": \"Dukku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927968\",\n \"text\": \"Ikom Ikom is a Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ikom in the east of the area on the Cross River and the A4 highway at. It has an area of 1,961 km² and a population of 162,383 at the 2006 census. The people of Ikom are majorly farmers. Ikom is a major producer of Banana and Plantain for the Nigerian market. Ikom is known for the Ikom monoliths, artifacts that bear an ancient writing sometimes taken to be an early form of nsibidi. The postal code of the area is\",\n \"title\": \"Ikom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927927\",\n \"text\": \"among the ukpet group of communities like Akparavuni, umia, Ibogo, Akpet central, Akpet 1, ufut, Betem and others. The postal code of the area is 542. Adim Igiriga Biase Biase is a Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Akpet Central. It has an area of 1,310 km² and a population of 169,183 at the 2006 census. The people of Biase are direct descendants of Obutong town in Calabar. History has it that they migrated to present day Biase due to a brief conflict with their Efik brothers. The ancient killing twins\",\n \"title\": \"Biase\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934958\",\n \"text\": \"Wetheral to Obibi Uratta and Ihitaoha communities. In the South, Mbaise road leads to Egbu and Emekuku communities, while Aba road leads to Nazi, Agbala and Ulakwo communities. Owerri North Owerri North is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Orie Uratta. It has an area of 198 square km and a population of 175,395 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 460. Owerri North is semi-urban government area. It encircles Owerri Municipal like a peninsular. Six major roads that lead out of the municipal cuts across Owerri\",\n \"title\": \"Owerri North\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13943709\",\n \"text\": \"at Ofada town. For administrative convenience, Obafemi Owode Local Government is politically divided into 12 wards: Obafemi Owode Obafemi Owode is a Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Owode at . It has an area of 1,410 km² and a population of 228,851 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 110. Obafemi Owode Local Government is one of the Local Governments that came into existence through Edict No.9 of 1976, resulting from the 1976 Local Government reforms, prior to this period, the administration of the area was carried\",\n \"title\": \"Obafemi Owode\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13941694\",\n \"text\": \"population of 102,980 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 202. Notable individuals from Iwajowa LG include: 1.Late Alhaji S.Bello Arikewuyo 2. Late Chief Michael Awolola Idowu, a retired civil servant who wanted to liberate his people from poverty by becoming the Local Government Chairman, but was denied the opportunity; died on 3 November, 2010. 3. Chief Anibiire 4. Prof Oyetunji 5. Chief Dele Faleti 6. Chief Micheal Adegbite 7. Late Chief (Dr) Gabriel Adegoke Adeosun 8. Ade Akinfenwa Am proud of my town Adebayo.Rasheed Iwajowa Iwajowa is a Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria.\",\n \"title\": \"Iwajowa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13943703\",\n \"text\": \"Obafemi Owode Obafemi Owode is a Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Owode at . It has an area of 1,410 km² and a population of 228,851 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 110. Obafemi Owode Local Government is one of the Local Governments that came into existence through Edict No.9 of 1976, resulting from the 1976 Local Government reforms, prior to this period, the administration of the area was carried out by Oba Provincial Authority, Owode District Council and Obafemi District Council. Obafemi Owode Local Government\",\n \"title\": \"Obafemi Owode\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927642\",\n \"text\": \"Marte, Borno Marte is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria, on the western coast of Lake Chad. Its headquarters are in the town of Marte It has an area of 3,154 km² and a population of 129,370 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 611. It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. In 2013, according to PM News, 5,000 hectares (12,355 acres) of wheat and rice were left to rot in the Marte area of Borno near Lake Chad after 19,000\",\n \"title\": \"Marte, Borno\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2899071\",\n \"text\": \"Christian with mixture of African traditional religions like most of the Southern Nigeria. The city is known nationwide for its unique Pidgin English. Warri was once a provincial capital to British rule. The Lagos and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria was formally united as Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria on 28 February 1906 and Walter Egerton was appointed as the Governor of new Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, holding office until 1912.[3] In the new Southern Nigeria, the old Lagos Colony became the Western Province, and the former Southern Nigerian Protectorate was split into a Central Province with capital\",\n \"title\": \"Warri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13932625\",\n \"text\": \"Ekiti, Kwara Ekiti is a Local Government Area in Kwara State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Araromi Opin. It has an area of 480 km² and a population of 54,850 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 252. Among other communities in Ekiti are Aare-Opin, Isolo-Opin, Isare-Opin, Osi, Ikerin-Opin, Oke-Opin, Epe-Opin, Owaatun-Opin, Etan, Obbo-Aiyegunle, Obbo-Ile, Eruku, Ajuba, Isapa, Koro and Ejiu. The present Ekiti Local Government headquarter was never a known community in Opin land, but a compound from Isolo-Opin. This became a legal tussle and caused communal unrest when the local government\",\n \"title\": \"Ekiti, Kwara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934944\",\n \"text\": \"there. Also American author and writer Dreux Richard resides in Okwe to complete his writing when in Nigeria. It has an area of 87 km² and a population of 99,247 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 470. Onuimo Onuimo is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Okwe. It is home to very prominent Nigerians such as Ambassador Obi Adim, The ever influential dynamic estate surveyor; Prof. James Gaius Ibe- USA trained and tenured professor of economics, finance and business administration, Dr Dennis Ndububa-a graduate of UNN\",\n \"title\": \"Onuimo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12429693\",\n \"text\": \"Langtang North Langtang North is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Langtang. at. It has an area of 1,188 km² and a population of 140,643 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 941. In July 2014, \\\"at least 11 persons have been feared killed at Zamadede of Pil-Gani district of Langtang North Local Government Area of Plateau State.\\\" House of Representatives member Hon. Beni Lar, who represents Langtang North and South constituency, \\\"described the Zama Dede community as peace loving and hard working farmers,\\\" who produce large\",\n \"title\": \"Langtang North\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10738974\",\n \"text\": \"Postal orders of Nigeria It is not yet known when postal orders began to be issued in Nigeria, but they are still being issued today. It is not yet known when these began to be issued, but it is known that they were withdrawn from sale during the 1960s, due to the imposition of foreign exchange controls. These began to be issued during the 1960s. The first two issues were denominated in Nigerian pounds, shillings, and pence. These were replaced in 1973, when Nigeria changed over to the decimal currency of Naira and Kobo. Various issues of the \\\"Postal Order\",\n \"title\": \"Postal orders of Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2899083\",\n \"text\": \"are various tourist sites to visit while in Warri: Notable Nigerian ministers from Warri include Ayo Oritsejafor and Jeremiah Omoto Fufeyin. Warri The city of Warri is an oil hub in South-South Nigeria and houses an annex of the Delta State Government House. It served as the colonial capital of the then Warri Province. It shares boundaries with Ughelli/Agbarho, Sapele, Okpe, Udu and Uvwie although most of these places, notably Udu, Okpe and Uvwie, have been integrated to the larger cosmopolitan Warri. Osubi houses an airport that serves the city. Effurun serves as the gateway to and the economic nerve\",\n \"title\": \"Warri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13938695\",\n \"text\": \"city, and to other parts of the country. The postal code of the area is 961. Karu LGA Karu is a Local Government Area in Nasarawa State, central Nigeria.It is close in proximity to the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. It has an area of 2,640 km².Karu local government has its headquarters in New Karu town. It was originally built to house the capital's civil servants and lower income families, but had no running water or good sanitation system. According to the 2006 census,the population of mainly New Karu town was 205,477, Loyola Jesuit College is in Gidan Mangoro, Karu.\",\n \"title\": \"Karu LGA\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13875713\",\n \"text\": \"limits (with the exception of Algarve) are not exactly the same. People can also search for postal codes at the CTT Correios website. Lisbon: 1000, 1050, 1070, 1100, 1150, 1170, 1200, 1250, 1300,1500 1350, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1885, 1900, 1950 and 1990 Porto: 4000, 4050, 4100, 4150, 4200, 4250, 4300 and 4350 Aveiro: 3800 and 3810 Beja: 7800 Braga: 4700, 4705, 4710 and 4715 Bragança: 5300 Castelo Branco: 6000 Coimbra: 3000, 3020, 3025, 3030, 3040 and 3045 Évora: 7000 and 7005 Faro: 8000 and 8005 Funchal: 9000, 9020, 9030 and 9050 Guarda: 6300 Leiria: 2400, 2405, 2410,\",\n \"title\": \"Postal codes in Portugal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13943777\",\n \"text\": \"longitude 70 301 and 70 001 and it is dominated by feeder roads which serve as links between different communities within the Local Government. The postal code of the area is 351. Ondo East Ondo East is a Local Government Area in Ondo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bolorunduro. The Local Government occupies an area of approximately 896 sq kilometers with a population of 76,096 according to the 2006 population census. The Local Government is located in the equatorial region and shares boundaries on the North with Idanre Local Government, on the South with Ondo West\",\n \"title\": \"Ondo East\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12020255\",\n \"text\": \"solid mineral industries. Cross River State Yala, Nigeria Yala is a Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Okpoma in the east of the area at . It has an area of 1,739 km² and a population of 210,843 at the 2006 census. This makes Yala the second most populated LGA in Cross River State, coming after Akpabuyo. The postal code of the area is 550. The dominant tribe in the Area are the Yala. Some Yala towns and villages are Okuku, Yahe, Ugaga, Ijegu, Oloko, Imaje, Oke, Echumoga, Woda, Ebo, Igede\",\n \"title\": \"Yala, Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12740243\",\n \"text\": \"Ekeremor Ekeremor is one of the eight local government areas (LGAs) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. It borders Delta State and has a coastline of approximately 60 km on the Bight of Bonny. Its headquarters are in the town of Ekeremor in the northeast of the area. It has an area of 1,810 km² and a population of 270,257 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 561. Ekeremor LGA is home to members of the Ekeremor clan of the Ijaw ethnic group. According to the Nigeria 2006 Census, Ekeremor LGA has a population of roughly 270,000 people\",\n \"title\": \"Ekeremor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18088776\",\n \"text\": \"Ibokun Ibokun is a populated place in Osun State, Nigeria. It is located at an elevation of 416 meters above sea level. Ibokun is the headquarters of Obokun Local Government Area, Osun State. The postal code of the area is 233. Its coordinates are 7°46'6\\\" N and 4°43'0\\\" E in DMS (Degrees Minutes Seconds) or 7.78333 and 4.71667 (in decimal degrees). Ibokun previously known as Ilemure was named after the warrior that delivered the town from attacks of the neighborhood warriors such as Alare- the paramount ruler of the then Ilare town. It was believed that Obokun migrated from Ife\",\n \"title\": \"Ibokun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13938773\",\n \"text\": \"from UNHCR to build temporary facilities; additional funding is needed for shelter, water, and food. Bosso, Nigeria Bosso is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Maikunkele. It has an area of 1,592 km² and a population of 147,359 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 920. Bosso is the home of one of the campuses of the Federal University of Technology Minna. The campus which was originally the main/only campus before the school moved to the new campus at Gidan Kwano. In 2014, Bosso became home to\",\n \"title\": \"Bosso, Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930370\",\n \"text\": \"Onicha Onicha is a Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. It has an area of 476 km and has a population of 236,828 according to the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 491. Its headquarters are in the town of Isu. However, there are a number of towns and villages in the Southeastern part of Nigeria that go by that name \\\"ISU\\\". But this ISU, originally made up of Agbabor, Amanator, Isu Achara, Mgbaneze, Ezekporoke, Anike,Mgbana Ukwu, Obeagu, Umuniko among others was in Ohaozara Local Government Area Council until the creation of Onicha Area Council. Onicha\",\n \"title\": \"Onicha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934937\",\n \"text\": \"communities: Umuagwo, Oloshi, Umunkwaku, Obile, Obitti, Opuoma, Mgbirichi/Alakuru, Assa, Awarra, Ikwerede, Umuokanne, Obiakpu, Ohoba, Obosima, While Egbema has the following autonomous communities: Abacheke, Abaezi, Ekugba, Obeakpu, Obiakpu, Mgbara, Umuoji, Mmahu, Opuoma, .. Ohaji/Egbema Ohaji/Egbema is an oil-rich Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Mmahu-Egbema. It has an area of 890 km² and a population of 182,538 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 464. The local council lies in the south-western part of Imo State. It shares common boundaries with Owerri in the East, Oguta LGA in the North and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni in\",\n \"title\": \"Ohaji/Egbema\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927590\",\n \"text\": \"Orawe,Bunaka, Agagbe, Nagi, Aondoana, Kula, Jimba, Anguhar, Atukpu and Ajigba,Ikyande is another popular market in Gwer West Local Government Area. Gwer West 'Gwer West' is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Naka. It has an area of 1,094 km² and a population of 122,145 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 971. it has fifteen council wards and kindreds; Sengev, Tsambe/Mbesev, Merkyen, Nyamshi, Gaambe-Ushin, Mbachohon, Mbapa, Tijime, Avihijime, Gbange/Tongov, Toughatee/Injaha, Sengev/Yengev, Saghev/Ukusu, Ikyagev, Mbabuande. HRH Chief Daniel Ayua Abomtse is the current paramount ruler. the current Chairman\",\n \"title\": \"Gwer West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13946900\",\n \"text\": \"of 113 km² and a population of 220,100 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 504. Asari-Toru Asari-Toru is a Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Asari-Toru Local Government Area was created out of the old Degema Local Government Area on May 16, 1989 under the Hon. Eziwoke Wokoma. The inhabitants are of a common language which is the “Kalabari” speaking nationality, with ancestral origin and beliefs. Asari-Toru is the “Seat” of the Ancestral Stool of the Kalabari Speaking Dynasty which cuts across Akuku-Toru and Degema Local Government Areas. The Local Government Area upon creation\",\n \"title\": \"Asari-Toru\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13942024\",\n \"text\": \"Yunusari Yunusari is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kanamma (or Kanama) in the north-east of the area on the Burun Gana River at . It shares a border in the north with The Republic of Niger. It has an area of 3,790 km² and a population of 125,821 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 632. Agriculture i.e. production of crops like millet, beans, maize, sorghum, ground nut as well as rearing of animals are the main business of people in the Local Government. The main\",\n \"title\": \"Yunusari\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930497\",\n \"text\": \"Owan West Owan West is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Sabongida Ora. It has an area of 732 km² and a population of 97,388 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 313. Wedding List is the list given to the intending groom looking to marry a woman from Sabongida Ora (Owan West) . Everything on the list is to be purchased and presented at the traditional wedding ceremony (this is to be fixed and agreed on before list is given). The content of the list varies\",\n \"title\": \"Owan West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10738975\",\n \"text\": \"News\\\", which were published by The Postal Order Society (Great Britain). Postal orders of Nigeria It is not yet known when postal orders began to be issued in Nigeria, but they are still being issued today. It is not yet known when these began to be issued, but it is known that they were withdrawn from sale during the 1960s, due to the imposition of foreign exchange controls. These began to be issued during the 1960s. The first two issues were denominated in Nigerian pounds, shillings, and pence. These were replaced in 1973, when Nigeria changed over to the decimal\",\n \"title\": \"Postal orders of Nigeria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930499\",\n \"text\": \"beer 20. Two cartons of malt drink 21. Two crates each of 3 different soda drinks i.e Cola, Pepsi, Fanta, Mirinda, Sprite e.t.c. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Idegbe #500 (depends on family) <nowiki>*</nowiki>Igele #500 (depends on family) <nowiki>*</nowiki>Erahoin #1,000 (depends on family) <nowiki>*</nowiki>Iyanhoin #500 (depends on family) Owan West Owan West is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Sabongida Ora. It has an area of 732 km² and a population of 97,388 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 313. Wedding List is the list given to the intending groom looking\",\n \"title\": \"Owan West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934915\",\n \"text\": \"the seven villages has four kindred which include Amankwu, Amaube, Amanwaebo, Umuokereke, and Umuodah. Ngor Okpala Ngor Okpala is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Umuneke Ngor. It has an area of 561 km² and a population of 159,932 at the 2006 census. It is a notable place in Imo state because of the LGA's locational position. It connects Abia and Rivers states of Nigeria. It is the largest local government area in Imo State and one of the largest in Nigeria. The postal code of the area is 460. There\",\n \"title\": \"Ngor Okpala\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13942012\",\n \"text\": \"Potiskum Potiskum is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria, on the A3 highway at . It had an area of and a population of 205,876 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 631. Potiskum is the main settlement for the Ngizim,Kare-kare and Bolewa people. The current Emir of Potiskum Mai Umar Ibn Wuriwa Bauya was awarded a national honour of officer of the order of the Niger (OON) by the former president and commander in-chief of the arm forces federal republic of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo GCFR in 2004. Potiskum has been a thriving trade\",\n \"title\": \"Potiskum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13934913\",\n \"text\": \"Ngor Okpala Ngor Okpala is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Umuneke Ngor. It has an area of 561 km² and a population of 159,932 at the 2006 census. It is a notable place in Imo state because of the LGA's locational position. It connects Abia and Rivers states of Nigeria. It is the largest local government area in Imo State and one of the largest in Nigeria. The postal code of the area is 460. There are many Communities in Ngor Okpala They include: Obiangwu, Ntu, Alulu, Amala, Oburu, Obokwe,\",\n \"title\": \"Ngor Okpala\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13943685\",\n \"text\": \"or villages headed by Obas or \\\"Royal Fathers\\\": Ilaro, Idogo, Iwoye, Oke-Odan, Ijanna, Itoro, Owode, Erinja, Ajilete and Ilobi. Yewa South Yewa South, (formerly Egbado South), is a Local Government Area in the west of Ogun State, Nigeria bordering the Republic of Benin. Its headquarters are in the town of Ilaro at in the north of the Area. It has an area of 629 km² and a population of 168,850 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 111. The area has 10 wards, Ilaro I, Ilaro II, Ilaro III, Iwoye, Idogo, Owode I, Owode II, Ilobi/Erinja,\",\n \"title\": \"Yewa South\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13939049\",\n \"text\": \"postal code of the area is 811. Lere, Kaduna State Lere is a Local Government Area of Nigeria in Kaduna State, Nigeria. It is located geographically at the latitude 10 degrees 39 North and longitude 8 degrees 57 East. The town was established in 1870, by the fifth Sarkin Lere Muhammadu Dankaka, it is the headquarters of Lere Emirate. The town and its environs has an estimated population of 94,000. Lere Local Government has an area of 2,158 km and a population of 331,161 at the 2006 census. Its headquarters are in the town of Saminaka. To understand the origin\",\n \"title\": \"Lere, Kaduna State\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927969\",\n \"text\": \"551. Ikom Ikom is a Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ikom in the east of the area on the Cross River and the A4 highway at. It has an area of 1,961 km² and a population of 162,383 at the 2006 census. The people of Ikom are majorly farmers. Ikom is a major producer of Banana and Plantain for the Nigerian market. Ikom is known for the Ikom monoliths, artifacts that bear an ancient writing sometimes taken to be an early form of nsibidi. The postal code of the area\",\n \"title\": \"Ikom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13927823\",\n \"text\": \"Monguno Monguno is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Monguno. It has an area of 1,913 km² and a population of 109,851 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 612. It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. In early January 2015, residents fled Monguno and the village of Doron-Baga for the internally displaced persons camps in Maiduguri, following the capture of nearby Bama by Boko Haram. Monguno was captured by Boko Haram forces on\",\n \"title\": \"Monguno\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930535\",\n \"text\": \"Of Benin Kingdom late Chief Engineer Ima Igiehon, who was the Obaghayomwn of Benin Kingdom, Chief Gabriel Osawaru Igbinadion the Esama Of Benin Kingdom, Prince Adun Akenzua and many other prominent princes and chiefs. It has an area of 249 km² and a population of 374,671 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 300. Oredo Oredo is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in Benin City. Oredo is a local government in Edo State, and its capital city is Benin city which also the capital city of Edo State. Benin city\",\n \"title\": \"Oredo\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the postal code for warri nigeria"}}},{"rowIdx":88,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["John Shanks","Keith Urban"],"string":"[\n \"John Shanks\",\n \"Keith Urban\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"10888130","text":"Somebody Like You \"Somebody Like You\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in July 2002 as the first single from his 2002 album \"Golden Road\". The song became Urban's second number one hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now the Hot Country Songs) chart, spending six weeks at that position. The song also peaked at number 23 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In December 2009, \"Billboard\" also named the song as the number one country song of the first decade of the 21st century. In 2003,","title":"Somebody Like You"},{"id":"10888133","text":"7, 2002. It was directed by Trey Fanjoy, who also directed the video for Urban's late 2000/early 2001 single \"But for the Grace of God\". Urban's ex-girlfriend, Niki Taylor appeared in the video. The following musicians perform on this track: Somebody Like You \"Somebody Like You\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in July 2002 as the first single from his 2002 album \"Golden Road\". The song became Urban's second number one hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now the Hot Country Songs) chart, spending six","title":"Somebody Like You"},{"id":"15365710","text":"featured on Nail's three-track digital EP, \"1979\" which was released on 17 July 2012. Nail's version debuted at number 57 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in September 2012, reaching as high as number 52. Metalcore band Ice Nine Kills released a cover version in 2012. Credits are taken from \"21\" liner notes. Someone like You (Adele song) \"Someone Like You\" is a song by English singer Adele. It was written by Adele and Dan Wilson for her second studio album, \"21\". It is the second single and final track on the album. The song was inspired by a","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"15365658","text":"Someone like You (Adele song) \"Someone Like You\" is a song by English singer Adele. It was written by Adele and Dan Wilson for her second studio album, \"21\". It is the second single and final track on the album. The song was inspired by a broken relationship, and lyrically speaks of Adele's coming to terms with it. XL Recordings released the song as the second single from the album on 24 January 2011 in the United Kingdom and on 9 August 2011 in the United States. Accompanied only by a piano in the song (played by co-writer Wilson), Adele","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"4683889","text":"favorably, and praised the instrumental track \"Rollercoaster\", saying that Urban was \"flat picking his Stratocaster like it was another extremity he was born with.\" He thought that those songs \"balance the slick and sometimes too-soft production on the record\". Urban released his second American album \"Golden Road\" in 2002. Of the 13 songs included on this album, Urban produced seven himself and co-produced the other six with Dann Huff. The album's lead-off single \"Somebody Like You\" was released in July 2002 and spent six weeks at number-one. The second single was the number-three hit \"Raining on Sunday\", which Radney Foster","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"15365668","text":"like You\" which was one of the final songs composed for the album. Prior to meeting with Wilson, Adele said she wrote some of the lyrics using her acoustic guitar. The two sat around the piano for two days and brainstormed various melodies and lyrics, and ultimately decided to keep the musical production sparse: \"We just wrote it on the piano and then we recorded it when it was written. It wasn't sort of like recording it and listening to it thinking 'where can we go next?' It was really old school.\" During an interview with \"Billboard\", Wilson stated that","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"8462242","text":"Golden Road (album) Golden Road is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 8 October 2002 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes the singles \"Somebody Like You\", \"Raining on Sunday\", \"Who Wouldn't Wanna Be Me\", and \"You'll Think of Me\". This was Urban's first album to be produced by Dann Huff, who has produced all of his albums since. This album produced four singles: \"Somebody Like You\", \"Raining on Sunday\", \"Who Wouldn't Wanna Be Me\", and \"You'll Think of Me\", which all made it to the Top 10 on the U.S.","title":"Golden Road (album)"},{"id":"4683879","text":"RIAA, it produced his first number one on the Hot Country Songs chart with \"But for the Grace of God\". \"Somebody Like You\", the first single from his second Capitol album \"Golden Road\" (2002), was named by \"Billboard\" as the biggest country hit of the 2000s decade. The album's fourth single, \"You'll Think of Me\", featuring his nephew and Australian country artist Rory Gilliatte, earned him his first Grammy Award. 2004's \"Be Here\", his third American album, produced three more number one singles and became his highest-selling album, having earned a 4× Platinum certification. \"Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"5532064","text":"One of the songs he co-wrote for this album, \"Easy Silence\", appears on \"Free Life\", with Dixie Chicks singer Natalie Maines singing harmonies. Wilson co-wrote three of the songs on Adele's multiple-Grammy-winning \"21\", \"Don't You Remember\", “One and Only\", and, most notably, \"Someone Like You\", which became a number one hit in the US, UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand was a top ten hit around the globe. As a producer of this track, on which he also played piano, Wilson shared in the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. In an interview with American Songwriter, Wilson recounted","title":"Dan Wilson (musician)"},{"id":"16568990","text":"For You (Keith Urban song) \"For You\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It is included on \"\", and plays over the closing credits to the film \"Act of Valor\". It was released as a single in April 2012. The song was nominated at the 70th Golden Globe Awards for Best Original Song. The song is about the sacrifices made by soldiers. The single was certified Gold in the USA in early February 2013. Urban said in a statement (reported by The Boot) that he and Monty Powell were inspired to write the","title":"For You (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"10869897","text":"Everybody (Keith Urban song) \"Everybody\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in September 2007 as the fourth and final single from his 2006 album \"Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing\". The song peaked at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts in early 2008. Urban wrote this song with Richard Marx. \"Everybody\" is a mid-tempo ballad that Urban co-wrote with Richard Marx. In it, the male narrator addresses a female who is escaping her relationship (\"And the only thing that you've ever known is to run\")","title":"Everybody (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"15365663","text":"critically successful song, \"Someone like You\" appeared on many year-end lists about the best songs of 2011. \"Someone like You\" was the first recipient of the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance, at the 54th Grammy Awards, held on 12 February 2012. As of 2018, it is the third most downloaded single of all-time in the UK and the fourth best-selling single of the 21st century. \"Someone like You\" is about a boyfriend who broke up with Adele. She wrote it with American songwriter and producer Dan Wilson. It was one of the last written for \"21\". The track,","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"8462245","text":"on the \"Billboard\" 200. As listed in liner notes. Golden Road (album) Golden Road is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 8 October 2002 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes the singles \"Somebody Like You\", \"Raining on Sunday\", \"Who Wouldn't Wanna Be Me\", and \"You'll Think of Me\". This was Urban's first album to be produced by Dann Huff, who has produced all of his albums since. This album produced four singles: \"Somebody Like You\", \"Raining on Sunday\", \"Who Wouldn't Wanna Be Me\", and \"You'll Think of Me\", which all","title":"Golden Road (album)"},{"id":"15365669","text":"while writing the song, they wanted to make it as personal as possible. He added \"We didn't try to make it open-ended so it could apply to 'anybody.' We tried to make it as personal as possible. She may not have had a melodic hook or a specific lyrical idea, but she always knew what she wanted to say. She definitely had a master plan.\" The song was recorded at Harmony Studios in West Hollywood, California with Wilson playing piano. Philip Allen engineered in the studio. The mixing was done by Tom Elmhirst and Dan Parry while the mastering was","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"19179440","text":"with Justin Tranter, and Julia Michaels, and after writing several songs dealing with the breakup of her marriage, Stefani began to work on songs inspired by her new relationship with singer Blake Shelton, including \"Make Me Like You\". The song took shape quickly, in \"like, 10, 15 minutes\", according to Stefani. The songwriting credit lists Stefani, Tranter and Michaels, and also credits Mattias Larsson and Robin Frediksson, the producers. The vocals were recorded at Wolf Cousins Studios and Maratone Studios, both in Stockholm, and Interscope Studios in Santa Monica, California. Additional recording was handled by Juan Carlos Torrado and Noah","title":"Make Me Like You"},{"id":"15365667","text":"with someone else, it was just the horrible-est feeling ever. But after I wrote it, I felt more at peace. It set me free... I didn't think it would resonate... with the world! I'm never gonna write a song like that again. I think that's the song I'll be known for.\" She also said that \"I wrote that song on the end of my bed. I had a cold. I was waiting for my bath to run. I'd found out that he'd got engaged to someone else.\" Adele later collaborated with famed musician and producer Dan Wilson to write \"Someone","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"15365666","text":"he's settled with a beautiful wife and beautiful kids and he's completely happy... and I'm still on my own. The song's about that and I'm scared at the thought of that.\" Adele had said that she began writing it on her acoustic guitar in the wake of the break-up of her 18-month relationship with the 30-year-old man she thought she would marry. A few months after their split, he was engaged to someone else. \"We were so intense I thought we would get married. But that was something he never wanted... So when I found out he does want that","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"12060352","text":"Grammy award winning songwriter Marti Sharron and Danny Sembello, brother of Michael Sambello, wrote the title track, “Never Found Someone Like You.” That song was also placed on “The Bad Boys I” movie soundtrack and went on to sell over 1 million copies. Martin released his first album, \"It's Long Overdue\" in 1995, which peaked at #82 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B Albums chart. His first single, \"Never Find Someone Like You\" (which was also independently recorded by Backstreet Boys before) it peaked at #53 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and at #43 on R&B Singles chart, and was included","title":"Keith Martin (musician)"},{"id":"4683894","text":"the highest-debuting country single in the 62-year history of the Hot Country Songs chart. Despite the high debut, the song peaked at number 6. Following it was \"Stupid Boy\", which was co-written by Sarah Buxton, went to number 3, and won him his second Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance in 2007. The album's next two singles, \"I Told You So\" and \"Everybody\", respectively peaked at numbers 2 and 5. Urban released his first greatest hits collection \"\" on 20 November 2007. This compilation contains all of his Top 10 hits, along with two new songs, \"Romeo's Tune\"","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"17529773","text":"2013, the Australian group Justice Crew released \"Everybody\", co-written by Morgan and Danny Mercer. The single was certified Double Platinum by the Australian Record Industry Association after reaching #6 on the Australian top 100. X Jackson Morgan Jackson Morgan (born Jackson Lee Morgan) is a Grammy-nominated American songwriter and producer from Dallas, TX who resides in Los Angeles, CA. Signed by Kobalt Music Group in 2013, Morgan's work includes collaborations with Keith Urban, Nicole Scherzinger, Pitbull, Akon and others. Jackson Morgan was born on July 20, 1992 in Dallas, TX. Morgan attended Highland Park High School and the University of","title":"Jackson Morgan"},{"id":"4683900","text":"1. Urban wrote \"Put You in a Song\" with Sarah Buxton and Jedd Hughes, and \"Long Hot Summer\" with Richard Marx. Preston Brust and Chris Lucas, who comprise the LoCash Cowboys, co-wrote \"You Gonna Fly\" with Jaren Johnston, then-member of the group American Bang. After \"You Gonna Fly\" fell from the charts, Urban released \"For You\", which was featured as the theme song of the 2012 action film \"Act of Valor\" and appeared on the film's . The song peaked at number 6 on the country charts. On 10 April 2012, Urban was invited to be a member of the","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"20636353","text":"Coming Home (Keith Urban song) \"Coming Home\" is a song recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music artist Keith Urban featuring American singer Julia Michaels, released in March 2018 as the third single from Urban's 2018 album \"Graffiti U\". The artists co-wrote the song with Nicolle Galyon and J.R. Rotem, with Merle Haggard receiving songwriting credits for the sampling of his 1968 single \"Mama Tried\". Urban and Rotem are also the producers. Urban told \"Billboard\" he enlisted Michaels \"to help [him] flesh out a few little bits and pieces, and then she had this cool bridge idea and she sang","title":"Coming Home (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"15365665","text":"myself and OK with the two years I spent with him. And when I did it, I felt so freed.\" Adele revealed that she was struggling emotionally when she composed it: \"When I was writing it I was feeling pretty miserable and pretty lonely, which I guess kind of contradicts 'Rolling in the Deep'. Whereas that was about me saying, 'I'm going to be fine without you', this is me on my knees really.\" She discussed further the inspiration of the song: \"I can imagine being about 40 and looking for him again, only to turn up and find that","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"4683882","text":"which went to number one, counting a duet with Brad Paisley and the 2008 single \"You Look Good in My Shirt\", which he previously recorded on \"Golden Road\". Those also include his third Grammy Award-winning single \"Sweet Thing\" from his album \"Defying Gravity\". Urban is also known for his roles as a coach on the Australian version of the singing competition \"The Voice\" and as a judge on \"American Idol\". Since 2006, he has been married to actress Nicole Kidman. In October 2013, Urban introduced his own signature line of guitars and accessories. Keith Lionel Urban was born on 26","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"15365664","text":"which epitomizes the lyrical content of \"21\", summarizes the now defunct relationship that the record is all about. Adele has openly discussed the genesis of it saying, \"Well, I wrote that song because I was exhausted from being such a bitch, with 'Rolling in the Deep' or 'Rumour Has It' ... I was really emotionally drained from the way I was portraying him, because even though I'm very bitter and regret some parts of it, he's still the most important person that's ever been in my life, and 'Someone like You,' I had to write it to feel OK with","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"15843032","text":"Long Hot Summer (Keith Urban song) \"Long Hot Summer\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in June 2011 as the third single from his 2010 album \"Get Closer\". The reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of 22 October 2011. Urban wrote this song with Richard Marx. Nate Chinen of \"The New York Times\" wrote that the song was \"one of the friskier tunes\" on the album. Dan Milliken of \"Country Universe\" gave the song a B grade, saying that it is the","title":"Long Hot Summer (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"20297092","text":"Zane Lowe on Apple's Beats1 Radio alongside the worldwide premiere of pre-release track “Someone Like You,” which Wilson co-wrote with Adele. Kronos Quartet is featured on Wilson’s \"Re-Covered\" version of the song. Performers and musicians Production Design Re-Covered \"Re-Covered\" is the third studio album from singer, songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist Dan Wilson, released on August 4, 2017 via Ballroom Music and Big Deal Media. \"Re-Covered\" is a collection of reinterpretations of songs Wilson wrote for other artists including Adele, Dixie Chicks, Chris Stapleton, Taylor Swift, and more. The album was met with resoundingly positive reception from critics seeing coverage in","title":"Re-Covered"},{"id":"11014941","text":"was issued as a single in June 2008. Greatest Hits: 18 Kids Greatest Hits: 18 Kids (known as Greatest Hits: 19 Kids on the reissue) is a greatest hits album by Keith Urban, released on 20 November 2007 by Capitol Nashville. It contains 16 of Urban's hits as well as two new songs. Two versions of the album were released: a regular edition and a special edition; the second disc includes 12 music videos. Both versions use the radio edits of Urban's songs, except for \"Somebody Like You.\" Also included is a cover of Steve Forbert's 1980 single \"Romeo's Tune\"","title":"Greatest Hits: 18 Kids"},{"id":"15365670","text":"finished by Tom Coyne. According to sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony Music Publishing, \"Someone like You\" is a slow tempo of 68 beats per minute. Written in common time, the song is in the key of A major. Adele's vocal range spans from F to E during the song. A slow, plaintive ballad pairing Adele's voice with a looping piano line, \"Someone like You\" is the lyrical opposite of \"Rolling in the Deep\" on which the singer narrates coming to terms with the end of the relationship: \"Nevermind, I'll find someone like you/I wish nothing but the best","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"9812618","text":"engineer. This song was released again on two of Morrison's compilation albums in 2007. A remastered version has been included in the album, \"Still on Top - The Greatest Hits\" and it is one of the songs on Van Morrison's 2007 compilation album, \"Van Morrison at the Movies - Soundtrack Hits\". \"Someone Like You\" is a popularly performed cover song, with the best-known versions by Dina Carroll, Vanessa L. Williams, Shawn Colvin and John Waite. Someone like You (Van Morrison song) \"Someone Like You\" is a song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded on his album, \"Poetic","title":"Someone like You (Van Morrison song)"},{"id":"20636355","text":"Home\" has sold 113,000 copies in the United States. Coming Home (Keith Urban song) \"Coming Home\" is a song recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music artist Keith Urban featuring American singer Julia Michaels, released in March 2018 as the third single from Urban's 2018 album \"Graffiti U\". The artists co-wrote the song with Nicolle Galyon and J.R. Rotem, with Merle Haggard receiving songwriting credits for the sampling of his 1968 single \"Mama Tried\". Urban and Rotem are also the producers. Urban told \"Billboard\" he enlisted Michaels \"to help [him] flesh out a few little bits and pieces, and then","title":"Coming Home (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"14205329","text":"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do \"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\" is a song written by James Dunne and Pamela Phillips, and recorded by Canadian Country music artist Anne Murray and singer-songwriter Dave Loggins as a duet. It was released in August 1984 as the first single from the album \"Heart Over Mind\". The song was Dave Loggins' only hit on the Country chart. It was Anne's ninth American #1 Country hit and also hit the Top 10 of Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. The track was covered by Whitney Houston and Jermaine Jackson on Houston's 1985 self-titled debut album.","title":"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do"},{"id":"14205330","text":"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do \"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\" is a song written by James Dunne and Pamela Phillips, and recorded by Canadian Country music artist Anne Murray and singer-songwriter Dave Loggins as a duet. It was released in August 1984 as the first single from the album \"Heart Over Mind\". The song was Dave Loggins' only hit on the Country chart. It was Anne's ninth American #1 Country hit and also hit the Top 10 of Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. The track was covered by Whitney Houston and Jermaine Jackson on Houston's 1985 self-titled debut album.","title":"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do"},{"id":"4683907","text":"featuring a duet with pop singer Julia Michaels. This song also features a revamped version of the opening riff of Merle Haggard's hit \"Mama Tried\" throughout it and with his family's blessing, Haggard even received a posthumous credit for writing the song. Coming Home reached number 1 on the Mediabase Country Chart on 5 August 2018. As well as Julia Michaels, the album also features duets with Lindsay Ell, Shy Carter, and Kassi Ashton. On 23 November 2011, Urban was confirmed as one of the four vocal coaches in the Australian version of the reality singing competition \"The Voice\". On","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"16712778","text":"Urban was his debut single, \"It's a Love Thing\", which reached Top 20 in 1999. Powell won awards for Song, Songwriter, and Publisher of the Year in 2009 from SESAC. He also received a Country Music Association nomination in 2006 for co-writing Urban's \"Tonight I Wanna Cry\", and an Album of the Year award in 1994 for collaborating on \"\". Powell is the father of Suzannah Powell,who is known as the experimental rap artist, Boyfriend. Monty Powell Monty Powell (born in Resaca, Georgia) is an American country music songwriter best known for collaborating with Keith Urban, and for producing albums","title":"Monty Powell"},{"id":"5532065","text":"the writing and recording of \"Someone Like You\": \"Someone Like You\" won the 2012 Grammy for Best Pop Solo Performance, and as she accepted the award, Adele said, \"I want to thank Dan Wilson, who wrote this song with me. My life changed when I wrote this song and I felt it before anyone even heard it.\" \"Someone Like You\" was the most downloaded single of all time in the UK and was voted third most favourite single of the last 60 years in the UK. Wilson's career as a painter, illustrator, and calligrapher is less widely known, but his","title":"Dan Wilson (musician)"},{"id":"19698756","text":"Blue Ain't Your Color \"Blue Ain't Your Color\" is a song written by Steven Lee Olsen, Hillary Lindsey, and Clint Lagerberg and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 8 August 2016 as the fourth single from Urban's 2016 album \"Ripcord\". The song has been a big commercial and chart success. In the United States, it reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts for 12 straight weeks in that position on the former. It also peaked at number 24 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Blue Ain't","title":"Blue Ain't Your Color"},{"id":"4683891","text":"frontal nudity. Urban performed \"Lights on the Hill\" for Tamworth's 2004 tribute concert following the death of Australia's Slim Dusty, an artist whom he had both written for and covered. In 2005, Urban performed in front of European audiences for the first time. In May, Urban supported Bryan Adams on his UK and Ireland tour, which included dates at Earls Court, London, SECC, Glasgow and The Point, Dublin. On 6 June a UK only album, \"Days Go By\", was released. The album contained songs from both \"Be Here\" and \"Golden Road\". \"You Look Good in My Shirt\" was originally intended","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"10869898","text":"and tries asking her to stay (\"Everybody needs somebody sometimes\"). Jordan Levin and Howard Cohen of \"The Miami Herald\" called the song \"formulaic,\" and Keith Groller of \"The Morning Call\" said that it was \"ultra-sappy.\" The music video was directed by Chris Hicky. As listed in liner notes. String section Richard Marx would later record his own version of the song and release it as the lead single from the European edition of his album \"Stories To Tell\". Everybody (Keith Urban song) \"Everybody\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in","title":"Everybody (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"15843034","text":"Glau as the female lead. Long Hot Summer (Keith Urban song) \"Long Hot Summer\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in June 2011 as the third single from his 2010 album \"Get Closer\". The reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of 22 October 2011. Urban wrote this song with Richard Marx. Nate Chinen of \"The New York Times\" wrote that the song was \"one of the friskier tunes\" on the album. Dan Milliken of \"Country Universe\" gave the song a B grade,","title":"Long Hot Summer (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"10364586","text":"Giantslayer Records Giantslayer Records was an American independent record label specializing in country music. It was established in 2004 by songwriters Rory Lee Feek and Tim Johnson in Nashville, Tennessee. Songwriters included Rory Lee Feek born in Atchison, Kansas. Feek has co-written Blake Shelton's Number One single \"Some Beach\", as well as Top 5 hits for Clay Walker (\"The Chain of Love\") and Collin Raye (\"Someone You Used to Know\"). He and Joey Martin founded the duo Joey + Rory in 2008. Tim Johnson, cofounder, grew up in western Oregon. He has written more than one hundred country music songs","title":"Giantslayer Records"},{"id":"19163862","text":"Ripcord (album) Ripcord is the ninth studio album by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 6 May 2016 via Hit Red and Capitol Records Nashville. The album produced the singles \"\"; \"Break on Me\", \"Wasted Time\", \"Blue Ain't Your Color\", and \"The Fighter\". It also features duets with musicians like Carrie Underwood, Pitbull, and Nile Rodgers. Just like his previous album \"Fuse\" (2013), Urban co-worked with multiple producers on this one. The album was nominated for Best Country Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards. On April 7, 2017, the album was certified Platinum","title":"Ripcord (album)"},{"id":"14447886","text":"recorded his first album \"Somebody's Hero\" in 2008 under the direction and production of Big Kenny of Big & Rich. When asked about the project, Big Kenny said Horne signed a publishing deal with Big Love Music in 2007. He has made appearances on One Cubed, The 700 Club, and Legends & Lyrics, as well as appeared in Rolling Stone and on the cover of Lifeway Christian Singles magazine. In 2006, he and Keith Urban put together and directed a children's choir during the 2006 CMT awards show in tribute to the victims of Hurricane Katrina. In 2007, he made","title":"Damien Horne"},{"id":"13382742","text":"No. 1 single \"Just A Dream\" by artist Carrie Underwood. His regular trips to Nashville have resulted in four number 1 singles and cuts on more than 50 million albums worldwide. Steve never left his pop/rock roots as his success writing for that genre continued. He co-wrote four songs on pop/R&B sensation James Morrison's 2007 release called Undiscovered. He also wrote \"One of the Brightest Stars\" with James Blunt for the 2007 \"All the Lost Souls\" album and had two songs on pop star David Archuleta's debut album in 2008. Steve has co-written Keith Urban's No. 1 single \"Only You","title":"Steve McEwan"},{"id":"14504242","text":"LoCash LoCash (sometimes stylized as LOCASH), formerly known as LoCash Cowboys, is an American country duo consisting of vocalists Chris Lucas and Preston Brust, natives of Baltimore, Maryland and Kokomo, Indiana, respectively. They have released one album each for Average Joes Entertainment and Reviver Records, and have charted seven singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs or Country Airplay chart. Their highest-charting single is \"I Know Somebody\", which topped the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart in 2016. In addition to their own material, the members of LoCash co-wrote Keith Urban's number-one single \"You Gonna Fly\" and Tim McGraw's \"Truck Yeah\". Originally","title":"LoCash"},{"id":"15365675","text":"love and sometimes it hurts instead' and how she comes to take solace in the statement as an empowering mantra.\" Upon release, the song received acclaim from a wide variety of publications and has been viewed as a highlight of \"21\". In a track-by-track review for \"21\", Joanne Dorken of MTV UK noted the track's placement at the end of the album saying, \"It maybe a cliché, but Adele has saved the best until last with this heartfelt and enchanting piano ballad. ... It's sad but beautiful and displays Adele at her best – marking the perfect end to what","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"17411678","text":"with Tears\". The lyrics were penned by Kim Ji-hyang known for working on lyrics of U-Kiss's \"Take Me Away\". The One like You \"The One Like You\" (; also translated as \"That One Person Is You\") is a ballade song performed by Korean American artist Jessica Jung, member of the girl group Girls' Generation. The song was released as a digital single on July 2, 2013 and was the fourth soundtrack single album to be unveiled for the TV drama series tvN's \"\" starring fellow Girls' Generation member Choi Sooyoung. The song was composed and arranged by Melodesign (Kim Doo-hyun),","title":"The One like You"},{"id":"14622158","text":"Jimmy Robbins James Michael Robbins (born September 3, 1989 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American singer-songwriter and producer. In October 2007, Jimmy signed to Universal Motown Records. Jimmy's major label album \"See Through Secrets\" was then digitally released on September 8, 2009. In addition to having penned a total of 8 number one singles, in 2014 Jimmy won a CMA Triple Play Award for having 3 #1 songs in a twelve-month period as well as winning the ASCAP country song of the year for Thomas Rhett's It Goes Like This. His song We Were Us, performed by Keith Urban","title":"Jimmy Robbins"},{"id":"14504246","text":"Tyler Hubbard of Florida Georgia Line. Notes LoCash LoCash (sometimes stylized as LOCASH), formerly known as LoCash Cowboys, is an American country duo consisting of vocalists Chris Lucas and Preston Brust, natives of Baltimore, Maryland and Kokomo, Indiana, respectively. They have released one album each for Average Joes Entertainment and Reviver Records, and have charted seven singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs or Country Airplay chart. Their highest-charting single is \"I Know Somebody\", which topped the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart in 2016. In addition to their own material, the members of LoCash co-wrote Keith Urban's number-one single \"You Gonna","title":"LoCash"},{"id":"4683881","text":"studio album, \"Ripcord\". The album later produced the Country Airplay chart number one hits \"Break on Me\", \"Wasted Time\", and \"Blue Ain't Your Color\", with the latter also becoming Urban's longest-reigning number one on the Hot Country Songs chart, spending twelve weeks at number one. His tenth album, \"Graffiti U\", was released in 2018 and includes the Top 20 hit \"Female\". Urban has released a total of nine studio albums (one of which was released only in Australia), as well as one album with The Ranch. He has charted 37 singles on the US Hot Country Songs chart, 18 of","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"6242792","text":"Benny Hester Benny Ray Hester (born May 3, 1948) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and recording artist. He is perhaps best known for his songs \"When God Ran\" and \"Nobody Knows Me Like You\", and for producing the groundbreaking tween/teen music-driven sketch comedy and dance television series \"Roundhouse\" on Nickelodeon. Hester received a television Cable Ace Award for the song \"I Can Dream\" and a collection of nominations for writing and producing a featured original song for each weekly episode of \"Roundhouse\" during its successful four-year run. He has written and recorded more than 25 number one and top","title":"Benny Hester"},{"id":"9168249","text":"are \"Sweet Thing\" in 2010 and \"'Til Summer Comes Around\" in 2011, which are both released as singles from his 2009 album \"Defying Gravity\". Cassadee Pope performed this song on NBC's singing competition show, \"The Voice\". Pope went on to win the competition, and her studio version of the song reached the top of the iTunes Top 10 Singles the day after the song was released. Stupid Boy \"Stupid Boy\" is a song written by Dave Berg, Deanna Bryant, and Sarah Buxton. Originally recorded by Buxton, the song was later recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban on his","title":"Stupid Boy"},{"id":"13406578","text":"Engine 145 gave it a thumbs-down rating, saying that the song was cliché and stereotyped, although she also described Lee's vocal performance favorably. In 2016, Lee celebrated her first #1 song, Kelsea Ballerini's \"Peter Pan\". In 2016, Jesse penned one of the 13 songs on Keith Urban's album RIPCORD, \"That Could Still Be Us\". In January 2018, Jesse Lee had her second consecutive #1 song with Brett Young, \"Like I Loved You.\" It was a 3-week Billboard number one which she co-wrote with Brett Young. Jesse Lee (singer) Jesse Lee (born 1986) is an American country music singer and songwriter.","title":"Jesse Lee (singer)"},{"id":"15445171","text":"Without You (Keith Urban song) \"Without You\" is a song written by Joe West and Dave Pahanish and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in February 2011 as the second single from Urban’s 2010 album \"Get Closer\". The song reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. This song should not to be confused with another song of the same title that Urban had recorded on his Australian self-titled 1991 debut album. Urban described the song as his \"life story\" and considered it \"an amazing song that [he] would have never allowed","title":"Without You (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"17808982","text":"Sam Hunt Sam Lowry Hunt (born December 8, 1984) is an American singer and songwriter. Born in Cedartown, Georgia, Hunt played football in his high school and college years and once attempted to pursue a professional sports career before signing with MCA Nashville in 2014. Prior to his successful solo career, Hunt was credited for writing singles for Kenny Chesney, Keith Urban, Billy Currington, and Reba McEntire. His debut studio album, \"Montevallo\", broke several chart records with five singles spawned from the record, including three consecutive Hot Country Songs chart and four Country Airplay chart number ones. The lead single","title":"Sam Hunt"},{"id":"4683888","text":"number-four \"Your Everything\", which made him the first male New Zealand performer to reach the Top 10 on the US country charts. Its follow-up, \"But for the Grace of God\", written by Charlotte Caffey and Jane Wiedlin of The Go-Go's, became his first number 1 hit on the charts. The last single, \"Where the Blacktop Ends\", written by Steve Wariner and Allen Shamblin, went to number three. He won the Top New Male Vocalist Award at the 2001 Academy of Country Music Awards and the 2001 Country Music Association's Horizon Award. Allmusic's Thom Jurek described the first and third singles","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"10888131","text":"this song was remixed for the movie \"How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days\". \"Somebody Like You\" is in common time in the key of E major. The verses use a chord pattern of E-A-E-B-A-E, with a pattern of E-A-E-A-Cm-Fm7 on the chorus, and the lead vocal ranges from E4 to G5. \"Somebody Like You\" reached the number one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now the Hot Country Songs) chart dated for the week of October 19, 2002, holding that position for six weeks and spending forty-one weeks on that chart. It also reached number","title":"Somebody Like You"},{"id":"11014939","text":"Greatest Hits: 18 Kids Greatest Hits: 18 Kids (known as Greatest Hits: 19 Kids on the reissue) is a greatest hits album by Keith Urban, released on 20 November 2007 by Capitol Nashville. It contains 16 of Urban's hits as well as two new songs. Two versions of the album were released: a regular edition and a special edition; the second disc includes 12 music videos. Both versions use the radio edits of Urban's songs, except for \"Somebody Like You.\" Also included is a cover of Steve Forbert's 1980 single \"Romeo's Tune\" and a re-recording of the non-single \"Got It","title":"Greatest Hits: 18 Kids"},{"id":"15365681","text":"Track. The song was also nominated in the category for Best Song at the 2011 Music of Black Origin Awards. \"Someone like You\" won the first Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance, at the 54th Grammy Awards, which were held on 12 February 2012. \"The Village Voice\"s Pazz & Jop annual critics' poll ranked \"Someone like You\" at number nine to find the best music of 2011; Adele's previous single \"Rolling in the Deep\" topped the same critics' poll. \"Someone like You\" achieved international commercial success, topping the record charts in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"7602848","text":"Morris, Alabama, Toby Keith, Don Williams, and the number one hits \"Morning Desire\" by Kenny Rogers and \"You Make Me Want To Make You Mine\" by Juice Newton. During 1984, he recorded \"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do,\" a duet with Anne Murray, which scored number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. Loggins and Murray were named Vocal Duo of the Year at the CMA Awards during 1985. Loggins also composed the theme music \"Augusta\" that is used on broadcasts of The Masters Golf Tournament. \"Augusta\" was later released as part of a collection of songs about golf","title":"Dave Loggins"},{"id":"17529772","text":"Jackson Morgan Jackson Morgan (born Jackson Lee Morgan) is a Grammy-nominated American songwriter and producer from Dallas, TX who resides in Los Angeles, CA. Signed by Kobalt Music Group in 2013, Morgan's work includes collaborations with Keith Urban, Nicole Scherzinger, Pitbull, Akon and others. Jackson Morgan was born on July 20, 1992 in Dallas, TX. Morgan attended Highland Park High School and the University of Southern California Thornton School of Music. His most notable work includes collaborations with Keith Urban, will.i.am, Pitbull and Sandy Vee on Nicole Scherzinger's single \"Boomerang\", which debuted at #6 on the UK charts. In October","title":"Jackson Morgan"},{"id":"19987581","text":"Chesney on his album \"Cosmic Hallelujah\", Florida Georgia Line on their album \"Dig Your Roots\", Lady Antebellum on their album \"Golden\", and Thomas Rhett on his album \"Tangled Up\", among others. Nicolle Galyon currently resides in Nashville. Galyon married songwriter Rodney Clawson October 13, 2007. They have two children together, daughter Charlie Jo Clawson born May 29, 2013, and son Ford Sterling Clawson born April 14, 2015. Nicolle Galyon Nicolle Anne Galyon (born July 22, 1984) is an American country music singer, songwriter and record producer. She has written songs for Lady Antebellum, Miranda Lambert, Keith Urban, Kenny Chesney, and","title":"Nicolle Galyon"},{"id":"15365689","text":"featuring Calvin Harris. With \"Rolling in the Deep\" spending 7 weeks at number one on the Hot 100 and \"Someone like You\" spending 5 weeks, Adele is the first female solo artist to log 12 weeks at #1 in a calendar year with two strictly solo recordings. Beyoncé, Monica and Mariah Carey also did it (in 2003, 1998 and 1995, respectively), if collaborations are included. As of October 2015, it has sold 6,000,000 downloads in the United States alone. The music video for the song was filmed in Paris, France, by English director Jake Nava who said: The video begins","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"4065038","text":"financial difficulties faced by producer Harold Fielding, all his assets were seized, and the show closed without warning after the April 25 performance. Although an original cast album was never released at the time, Clark's recordings of several of the tunes were issued on various CDs throughout the ensuing years. A studio recording of the score was released by Sepia Records in May 2007. With arrangements by the show's original musical director and arranger, Kenny Clayton, it features vocals by Debi Doss, Andrew Derbyshire, and Lewis Rae, who appeared in the original production as young Andy. Clayton is featured on","title":"Someone like You (musical)"},{"id":"18554151","text":"Nothin' Like You \"Nothin' Like You\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Dan + Shay for their debut studio album, \"Where It All Began\" (2014). The song, written by both group members along with Chris DeStefano and Ashley Gorley, is about Shay's ex-girlfriend Veronica Ballestrini, who is also a country-pop singer. \"Nothin' Like You\" reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart, giving the duo their first number-one country hit in their career. It also charted at numbers 5 and 51 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. The song was certified","title":"Nothin' Like You"},{"id":"19987579","text":"Nicolle Galyon Nicolle Anne Galyon (born July 22, 1984) is an American country music singer, songwriter and record producer. She has written songs for Lady Antebellum, Miranda Lambert, Keith Urban, Kenny Chesney, and Florida Georgia Line. Nicolle was born to Chris and LaMonna (née Hahn) Galyon of Sterling, Kansas. She has three younger brothers, Riley, Taylor, and Cooper. Originally from Sterling, Kansas, Galyon made her way to Nashville, Tennessee in 2002 to attend Belmont University for Music Business. At Belmont, Galyon discovered her passion for songwriting and signed a publishing deal with Warner/Chappell Nashville shortly after graduating in 2006. In","title":"Nicolle Galyon"},{"id":"11031910","text":"I Got You (Craig Morgan song) \"I Got You\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Craig Morgan. It was released in December 2005 as the third and final single from Morgan's album \"My Kind of Livin'\", reaching a peak of number 12 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts and number 92 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was written Morgan, Phil O'Donnell and Tim Owens. Craig states that he wrote \"I Got You\" while on tour with Keith Urban, hoping to persuade Urban to record the song; however, upon recording the demo","title":"I Got You (Craig Morgan song)"},{"id":"4683880","text":"Thing\" was released in 2006, containing \"Once in a Lifetime\" as well as his second Grammy Award song \"Stupid Boy\". A greatest hits package entitled \"\" followed in late 2007. \"Defying Gravity\" and \"Get Closer\" were released on 31 March 2009 and 16 November 2010, respectively. In September 2013, he released a brand new album titled \"Fuse\", which produced four more number ones on the Country Airplay chart, two of which are duets—one with Miranda Lambert and the other with Eric Church. A new single, entitled \"\", was released in June 2015 as the lead-off single to his eighth American","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"9812617","text":"Someone like You (Van Morrison song) \"Someone Like You\" is a song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded on his album, \"Poetic Champions Compose\" (1987). It has become a wedding and movie classic and the song would subsequently furnish the framework for another of his most popular classics and love ballads, \"Have I Told You Lately\", that was released in 1989. In 1987 the single charted at number 28 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary in the U.S. \"Someone Like You\" was recorded in the summer of 1987 at Wool Hall Studios in Beckington,Somerset with Mick Glossop as","title":"Someone like You (Van Morrison song)"},{"id":"19614940","text":"The Fighter (Keith Urban song) \"The Fighter\" is a song co-written and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country singer Keith Urban featuring Carrie Underwood as a duet. It was released on 6 February 2017 as the fifth and final single from Urban's 2016 album, \"Ripcord\". Urban co-wrote and co-produced this song with busbee. The song has entered the record charts of Australia, Canada, the United States, Belgium, and Scotland, where it became Urban's first song to enter the Scottish and Belgian charts. The song is set in the key of B minor with a main chord pattern of G7–A4–F7–Bm and","title":"The Fighter (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"16101802","text":"You Gonna Fly \"You Gonna Fly\" is a song written by Preston Brust, Chris Lucas, and Jaren Johnston, and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in October 2011 as fourth and final single from Urban’s 2010 album \"Get Closer\". The song reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in February 2012. Preston Brust and Chris Lucas of the country duo LoCash wrote the song with Jaren Johnston. According to Brust, a Sony/ATV Music Publishing representative suggested that he and Lucas write with Johnston. Johnston suggested on adding a lyric about a","title":"You Gonna Fly"},{"id":"18542369","text":"Raise 'Em Up \"Raise 'Em Up\" is a song written by Tom Douglas, Jaren Johnston and Jeffrey Steele and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban as a duet with American country music singer Eric Church. It was released in January 2015 as the fifth international single, sixth overall and final single from Urban's 2013 album \"Fuse\". According to Urban, when he sent a demo to Church with the intent of having him serve as a duet partner on it, Church asked, \"How do you write a song as good as that?\" and Urban replied that he","title":"Raise 'Em Up"},{"id":"15365680","text":"utterly, utterly gorgeous.\" Bary Walters of \"Spin\" wrote that on \"the piano-led finale, she vows, 'I'll find someone like you,' as if that's progress. It's a statement that's utterly WTF and yet true to the cyclical nature of psychological damage.\" Sputnikmusics Joseph Viney called the song \"an ode to stalking with a perverse attitude that lies underneath the fragile composition, looks set to become the soundtrack to a million messy break-ups.\" Allison Stewart of \"The Washington Post\" put the song on her list \"Recommended tracks\". At the 2011 Q Awards, \"Someone like You\" was nominated in the category for Best","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"13406575","text":"one of the 13 songs on Keith Urban's album RIPCORD. \"That Could Still Be Us\". In January 2018, Jesse Lee had her second consecutive #1 song with Brett Young, \"Like I Loved You.\" It was a 3-week Billboard number one which she co-wrote with Brett Young. Jesse Lee was raised in Los Altos, California. Inspired by country music at an early age, she began performing in state festivals by age eleven before her family moved to Florida, eventually serving as an opening act for Ronnie Milsap, Willie Nelson and Clay Walker. By age 14, she had made her first trip","title":"Jesse Lee (singer)"},{"id":"7678987","text":"U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of October 22, 2005. The song set a record at the time for the highest debuting single on the country charts since the inception of SoundScan in 1990. Keith Urban later broke the record with his 2006 single \"Once in a Lifetime,\" and Kenny Chesney broke it again with 2007's \"Don't Blink;\" Brooks reclaimed the record one week after Chesney did, when \"More Than a Memory\" debuted at number one. Good Ride Cowboy \"Good Ride Cowboy\" is a song written by Jerrod Niemann, Bryan Kennedy, Richie Brown and Bob","title":"Good Ride Cowboy"},{"id":"9076418","text":"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You \"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You\" is a popular song written by Russ Morgan, Larry Stock, and James Cavanaugh and published in 1944. The song was first recorded by Morgan and has been covered by numerous artists. It is best known in versions by Dean Martin, who recorded it for Capitol Records in 1960 and Reprise Records in 1964, and by the Mills Brothers. Dean Martin's 1964 version spent 9 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 25, while reaching No. 1 on \"Billboard\"s Middle-Road Singles chart, and No. 28 on","title":"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You"},{"id":"16568991","text":"song after seeing \"Act of Valor\", and that he \"wanted to capture the essence of not only what these men and women do so extraordinarily, but how that relates to all of us.\" All proceeds from the single are donated to the Navy SEAL Foundation. In his review of the album, Billy Dukes of \"Taste of Country\" wrote that the song \"sets the tone and is especially powerful.\" Kevin John Coyne of \"Country Universe\" gave the song a B-, saying that Urban's voice was \"typically sincere\", although he called the production \"overblown\" and criticized the lyrics by saying \"the opening","title":"For You (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"19698759","text":"September 2016. It shows Urban singing on the stage while a woman comes into the bar crying and playing the jukebox and dancing to the song. Blue Ain't Your Color \"Blue Ain't Your Color\" is a song written by Steven Lee Olsen, Hillary Lindsey, and Clint Lagerberg and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 8 August 2016 as the fourth single from Urban's 2016 album \"Ripcord\". The song has been a big commercial and chart success. In the United States, it reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs and","title":"Blue Ain't Your Color"},{"id":"14924097","text":"artists Sarah Buxton (who co-wrote Urban's 2006 single \"Stupid Boy\") and Jedd Hughes. From 26 October (Urban's 43rd birthday) to 9 November 2010, one track from the album was released to the US iTunes Store each week (a trend Urban's previous album \"Defying Gravity\" followed). Those songs were \"Without You\", \"Long Hot Summer\", and \"You Gonna Fly\" respectively. These three songs (beginning with \"Long Hot Summer\") were released to the Australian iTunes store on 22 October, 29 October, and 5 November 2010. The full album was released on 12 November in Australia. \"Without You\", \"Long Hot Summer\", and \"You Gonna","title":"Get Closer (Keith Urban album)"},{"id":"6235764","text":"also co-wrote Brooks & Dunn's 2009 single \"Honky Tonk Stomp\". Pinson and Arlo Gilliam also co-wrote Emerson Drive's 2012 single \"She's My Kind of Crazy\". Pinson, Rhett Akins and Dallas Davidson also co-wrote Aaron Lewis's 2013 single \"Granddaddy's Gun\". Pinson, Brantley Gilbert, Blake Chaffin also co-wrote Brantley Gilbert's 2017 single \"The Ones That Like Me\". Bobby Pinson Bobby Olen Pinson (born August 10, 1972) is an American country music artist. Signed to RCA Records in 2005, Pinson made his debut that year with his album \"Man Like Me\". Its lead-off single, \"Don't Ask Me How I Know\", peaked at No.","title":"Bobby Pinson"},{"id":"10427903","text":"Days Go By (Keith Urban song) \"Days Go By\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in June 2004 as the first single from his 2004 album \"Be Here\". It became Urban's fifth number one single on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in late-2004, spending a four-week stay at that position. Urban wrote this song with Monty Powell. Starting with an acoustic guitar phrase and then built in D major around Urban's typical up-tempo banjo/mandolin-driven riffs with exuberant vocal yelps and electric guitar fills, the song's message is a","title":"Days Go By (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"14622159","text":"and Miranda Lambert, won Musical Event of the Year at the 2014 CMA Awards. Jimmy has produced songs for artists Canaan Smith, Kelsea Ballerini, Keith Urban, Maddie and Tae, RaeLynn, Sabrina Carpenter, and Trent Harmon including Smith's number one single Love You Like That and RaeLynn's number one album \"Wild Horse\". On April 16, 2015, Jimmy married Sarah Boddie in Gulfport, Mississippi. They have one daughter, Lily, born in January 2018. Songs written or co-written by Robbins. Jimmy Robbins James Michael Robbins (born September 3, 1989 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American singer-songwriter and producer. In October 2007, Jimmy","title":"Jimmy Robbins"},{"id":"11358426","text":"Car,' is layered in atmospherics worthy of \"Achtung Baby\", but the melody is pure country.\" The song was nominated for Best Country Solo Performance at the 57th Grammy Awards but lost to Carrie Underwood's \"Something in the Water\". Compiled from liner notes. The music video was directed by John Urbano and premiered in January 2014. \"Cop Car\" peaked at number eight on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart in May 2014, making it his lowest-peaking single on that chart since 1999. The song has sold 772,000 copies in the U.S. as of June 2014. Sam Hunt—who co-wrote the song originally—recorded his","title":"Cop Car (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"9076419","text":"Canada's CHUM Hit Parade. It was the B-side to Frankie Vaughan's hit single \"There Must Be a Way\", which broke into the UK top ten. A cover by Ray Price peaked at number 60 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart in 1986. You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You \"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You\" is a popular song written by Russ Morgan, Larry Stock, and James Cavanaugh and published in 1944. The song was first recorded by Morgan and has been covered by numerous artists. It is best known in versions by Dean Martin, who recorded it for Capitol","title":"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You"},{"id":"18073809","text":"Someone Is Looking for Someone Like You \"Someone Is Looking for Someone Like You\" is a song written and recorded by American country artist Gail Davies. The song was released as a single in January 1979 on Lifesong Records. \"Someone Is Looking for Someone Like You\" was recorded at the Sound Stage Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, United States in August 1978. The song was issued as a single in January 1979, reaching number eleven on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart. The song was the third single released from her self-titled studio album. It became Davies' first major hit","title":"Someone Is Looking for Someone Like You"},{"id":"19163872","text":"\"Your Body\" \"That Could Still Be Us\" \"Worry 'Bout Nothin'\" Production Ripcord (album) Ripcord is the ninth studio album by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 6 May 2016 via Hit Red and Capitol Records Nashville. The album produced the singles \"\"; \"Break on Me\", \"Wasted Time\", \"Blue Ain't Your Color\", and \"The Fighter\". It also features duets with musicians like Carrie Underwood, Pitbull, and Nile Rodgers. Just like his previous album \"Fuse\" (2013), Urban co-worked with multiple producers on this one. The album was nominated for Best Country Album at the 59th Annual","title":"Ripcord (album)"},{"id":"4683892","text":"to be the fifth single from this album. Instead, Capitol chose to release \"Days Go By\", the lead-off to his third American album \"Be Here\". By late 2004, this song became Urban's fifth number-one hit on the country chart. Although it was not officially released, \"You Look Good in My Shirt\" spent one-week at number 60 on the country charts in July 2004 and remained a fan favorite. The next single from this album was the #2 \"You're My Better Half\", followed by the five-week number 1 \"Making Memories of Us\", which was written by Rodney Crowell and previously recorded","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"17373382","text":"a new band project called Liu Bei, releasing one single ('Infatuation' b/w 'Atlas World') on UK label Trangressive in July 2014. Richard has collaborated extensively with UK producer Guy Sigsworth and US songwriter Dan Wilson, best known for writing 'Someone Like You' with Adele. Since 2015 Walters has co-written songs with a number of artists, including Gabrielle Aplin, Nina Nesbitt, Solomun, Alison Moyet, Way Out West and Apocalyptica. Richard Walters (singer-songwriter) Richard Walters is an English singer and multi-instrumentalist, born in Oxford. Walters fronted a number of bands in his teens before signing to Warner Chappell Music Publishing as frontman","title":"Richard Walters (singer-songwriter)"},{"id":"15365659","text":"sings about the end of the relationship with her ex-boyfriend. The song received wide acclaim from music critics, who chose the song as a highlight of \"21\" and praised the lyrics, its simple sound and Adele's vocal performance. Following a well-received performance of the song at the 2011 Brit Awards, \"Someone like You\" became Adele's first number-one single in the UK and stayed on the top of the chart for five weeks. The song also topped the charts in Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Brazil, Italy, France and Switzerland, and has become Adele's second number one in the US. With that","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"15365662","text":"live performances of the song were heavily praised by music critics and fans. The song has been covered by Katy Perry, Taio Cruz, the cast of the series \"Glee\", and several other artists. In a list voted for by the public in conjunction with the Official Charts Company's 60th anniversary, \"Someone like You\" was voted the third-most favourite number-one single of the last 60 years in the UK, with Michael Jackson's \"Billie Jean\" voted number two and Queen's \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" as number one. \"Someone like You\" is the 36th-best-selling single in the history of the UK Singles Chart. As a","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"id":"4683887","text":"he formed a band known as The Ranch, which included drummer Peter Clarke and bassist Jerry Flowers. The Ranch released one self-titled album for Capitol Records Nashville and charted two singles on the Hot Country Songs charts that year: \"Walkin' the Country\" and \"Just Some Love\". Throughout the late 1990s, Urban also played guitar on several other artists' albums, such as Paul Jefferson, Tim Wilson, and Charlie Daniels. Urban released his self-titled American debut album in 1999 under the production of session pianist Matt Rollings. It was led by the number 18 single \"It's a Love Thing\", followed by the","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"10097159","text":"Dragon's 1989 album, \"Bondi Road\". Re-formed in 2006, Dragon perform acoustic versions of their earlier work including \"Rain\". John Farnham had asked Hunter and Pigott to write him a song, they provided a number-one hit single, \"Age of Reason\" (30 July 1988 for four weeks) also on his \"Age of Reason\" album which debuted at number one (July 1988). The demo version had been recorded with Todd's brother Marc Hunter singing lead. Pigott became the first Australian woman to write an Australian number one hit. Hunter and Pigott wrote Keith Urban's first single \"Only You\" (1990), which also appeared on","title":"Johanna Pigott"},{"id":"17411677","text":"The One like You \"The One Like You\" (; also translated as \"That One Person Is You\") is a ballade song performed by Korean American artist Jessica Jung, member of the girl group Girls' Generation. The song was released as a digital single on July 2, 2013 and was the fourth soundtrack single album to be unveiled for the TV drama series tvN's \"\" starring fellow Girls' Generation member Choi Sooyoung. The song was composed and arranged by Melodesign (Kim Doo-hyun), widely known for working on various songs of the artists under Jellyfish Entertainment including Seo In-guk's \"With Laughter or","title":"The One like You"},{"id":"8657275","text":"of God\" (number 1), and \"Where the Blacktop Ends\" (number 3). It has sold 980,000 copies in the U.S., according to Nielsen SoundScan. The track \"A Little Luck of Our Own\" was originally titled \"Luck of Our Own\" as first recorded by American singer and songwriter Dale Daniel on her 1993 album of the same name. This is Urban's only album to not be produced by Dann Huff, who has produced all his albums since. While Urban's contemporaries, Tim McGraw and Kenny Chesney, started with a neotraditional country sound before developing a crossover-friendly country pop sound, Keith had a crossover-friendly","title":"Keith Urban (1999 album)"},{"id":"16201464","text":"Kate McGill Kate Laura McGill (born 10 March 1990) is a Welsh singer-songwriter originally known for her covers of hit songs by artists such as Adele, Paramore, Mumford and Sons, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry, The Killers and Maroon 5. In 2011 she released her debut album \"Replaced\". McGill is best known for her cover of Adele's \"Someone Like You\", which had over 3 million views as of 6 January 2012. She first reached YouTube stardom with her cover of Bright Eyes' Landlocked Blues in November 2007. Since then, she's had over 30 million views on her channel as of August","title":"Kate McGill"},{"id":"12060374","text":"McCary, Danny Sembello, Marti Sharron and others. Dennis Walters Executive producers : Inerje Barrett and Michael McCary for Black Panther Productions Inc. It's Long Overdue It's Long Overdue is a Keith Martin's album released on 18 April 1995 by Sony and Ruffhouse, which peaked at #82 on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The song \"Never Find Someone Like You\" was released as a first single and peaked at #53 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and at #43 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. \"Moment in Time\" was released as a second single. \"Never Find Someone Like You\" was included in the Bad","title":"It's Long Overdue"},{"id":"9090206","text":"Eddie Rabbitt's \"Every Which Way But Loose\" and Garth Brooks' \"Good Ride Cowboy\", both of which debuted at #18 (in 1979 and 2005, respectively). As listed in liner notes. Once in a Lifetime (Keith Urban song) \"Once in a Lifetime\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in August 2006 as the first single from his 2006 album \"Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing\". Urban wrote this song with John Shanks. On the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart dated for the week of 2 September 2006, the song entered","title":"Once in a Lifetime (Keith Urban song)"},{"id":"10888132","text":"23 on the all-genre \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. In December 2009, \"Billboard\" ranked \"Somebody Like You\" as the number one country song for the first decade of the 21st century. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on June 13, 2005. As of September 2015, the song has sold 1.05 million copies in the US. In October 2014, candidate Shady Sheha performed that song at The Voice of Germany. After that, \"Somebody Like You\" made the very first entry in the German Single Charts at 97. The song's music video was released to Country Music Television (CMT) on August","title":"Somebody Like You"},{"id":"4683901","text":"Grand Ole Opry by Vince Gill at the third annual We're All for the Hall benefit concert which Urban organized. He was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry on 21 April 2012. Urban plays guitar on Tim McGraw's early-2013 single \"Highway Don't Care\", which also features a guest vocal from Taylor Swift. This song is the third single from McGraw's album \"Two Lanes of Freedom\". On 13 May 2013, Urban released the single \"Little Bit of Everything\", produced by Nathan Chapman. It was the first single from his eighth studio album, \"Fuse\", which was released on 10 September 2013. The","title":"Keith Urban"},{"id":"13488889","text":"Only You Can Love Me This Way \"Only You Can Love Me This Way\" is a song written by Steve McEwan and John Reid and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in June 2009 as the third single from Urban's 2009 album \"Defying Gravity\". The song became his eleventh number one hit on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in October 2009. Steve McEwan and John Reid penned the song together in a studio at a songwriting camp in Nashville where they had just met for the first time. In an interview with HitQuarters","title":"Only You Can Love Me This Way"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"10888130\",\n \"text\": \"Somebody Like You \\\"Somebody Like You\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in July 2002 as the first single from his 2002 album \\\"Golden Road\\\". The song became Urban's second number one hit on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now the Hot Country Songs) chart, spending six weeks at that position. The song also peaked at number 23 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. In December 2009, \\\"Billboard\\\" also named the song as the number one country song of the first decade of the 21st century. In 2003,\",\n \"title\": \"Somebody Like You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10888133\",\n \"text\": \"7, 2002. It was directed by Trey Fanjoy, who also directed the video for Urban's late 2000/early 2001 single \\\"But for the Grace of God\\\". Urban's ex-girlfriend, Niki Taylor appeared in the video. The following musicians perform on this track: Somebody Like You \\\"Somebody Like You\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in July 2002 as the first single from his 2002 album \\\"Golden Road\\\". The song became Urban's second number one hit on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now the Hot Country Songs) chart, spending six\",\n \"title\": \"Somebody Like You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365710\",\n \"text\": \"featured on Nail's three-track digital EP, \\\"1979\\\" which was released on 17 July 2012. Nail's version debuted at number 57 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart in September 2012, reaching as high as number 52. Metalcore band Ice Nine Kills released a cover version in 2012. Credits are taken from \\\"21\\\" liner notes. Someone like You (Adele song) \\\"Someone Like You\\\" is a song by English singer Adele. It was written by Adele and Dan Wilson for her second studio album, \\\"21\\\". It is the second single and final track on the album. The song was inspired by a\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365658\",\n \"text\": \"Someone like You (Adele song) \\\"Someone Like You\\\" is a song by English singer Adele. It was written by Adele and Dan Wilson for her second studio album, \\\"21\\\". It is the second single and final track on the album. The song was inspired by a broken relationship, and lyrically speaks of Adele's coming to terms with it. XL Recordings released the song as the second single from the album on 24 January 2011 in the United Kingdom and on 9 August 2011 in the United States. Accompanied only by a piano in the song (played by co-writer Wilson), Adele\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683889\",\n \"text\": \"favorably, and praised the instrumental track \\\"Rollercoaster\\\", saying that Urban was \\\"flat picking his Stratocaster like it was another extremity he was born with.\\\" He thought that those songs \\\"balance the slick and sometimes too-soft production on the record\\\". Urban released his second American album \\\"Golden Road\\\" in 2002. Of the 13 songs included on this album, Urban produced seven himself and co-produced the other six with Dann Huff. The album's lead-off single \\\"Somebody Like You\\\" was released in July 2002 and spent six weeks at number-one. The second single was the number-three hit \\\"Raining on Sunday\\\", which Radney Foster\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365668\",\n \"text\": \"like You\\\" which was one of the final songs composed for the album. Prior to meeting with Wilson, Adele said she wrote some of the lyrics using her acoustic guitar. The two sat around the piano for two days and brainstormed various melodies and lyrics, and ultimately decided to keep the musical production sparse: \\\"We just wrote it on the piano and then we recorded it when it was written. It wasn't sort of like recording it and listening to it thinking 'where can we go next?' It was really old school.\\\" During an interview with \\\"Billboard\\\", Wilson stated that\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8462242\",\n \"text\": \"Golden Road (album) Golden Road is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 8 October 2002 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes the singles \\\"Somebody Like You\\\", \\\"Raining on Sunday\\\", \\\"Who Wouldn't Wanna Be Me\\\", and \\\"You'll Think of Me\\\". This was Urban's first album to be produced by Dann Huff, who has produced all of his albums since. This album produced four singles: \\\"Somebody Like You\\\", \\\"Raining on Sunday\\\", \\\"Who Wouldn't Wanna Be Me\\\", and \\\"You'll Think of Me\\\", which all made it to the Top 10 on the U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Golden Road (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683879\",\n \"text\": \"RIAA, it produced his first number one on the Hot Country Songs chart with \\\"But for the Grace of God\\\". \\\"Somebody Like You\\\", the first single from his second Capitol album \\\"Golden Road\\\" (2002), was named by \\\"Billboard\\\" as the biggest country hit of the 2000s decade. The album's fourth single, \\\"You'll Think of Me\\\", featuring his nephew and Australian country artist Rory Gilliatte, earned him his first Grammy Award. 2004's \\\"Be Here\\\", his third American album, produced three more number one singles and became his highest-selling album, having earned a 4× Platinum certification. \\\"Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5532064\",\n \"text\": \"One of the songs he co-wrote for this album, \\\"Easy Silence\\\", appears on \\\"Free Life\\\", with Dixie Chicks singer Natalie Maines singing harmonies. Wilson co-wrote three of the songs on Adele's multiple-Grammy-winning \\\"21\\\", \\\"Don't You Remember\\\", “One and Only\\\", and, most notably, \\\"Someone Like You\\\", which became a number one hit in the US, UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand was a top ten hit around the globe. As a producer of this track, on which he also played piano, Wilson shared in the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. In an interview with American Songwriter, Wilson recounted\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Wilson (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16568990\",\n \"text\": \"For You (Keith Urban song) \\\"For You\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It is included on \\\"\\\", and plays over the closing credits to the film \\\"Act of Valor\\\". It was released as a single in April 2012. The song was nominated at the 70th Golden Globe Awards for Best Original Song. The song is about the sacrifices made by soldiers. The single was certified Gold in the USA in early February 2013. Urban said in a statement (reported by The Boot) that he and Monty Powell were inspired to write the\",\n \"title\": \"For You (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10869897\",\n \"text\": \"Everybody (Keith Urban song) \\\"Everybody\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in September 2007 as the fourth and final single from his 2006 album \\\"Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing\\\". The song peaked at number 5 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs charts in early 2008. Urban wrote this song with Richard Marx. \\\"Everybody\\\" is a mid-tempo ballad that Urban co-wrote with Richard Marx. In it, the male narrator addresses a female who is escaping her relationship (\\\"And the only thing that you've ever known is to run\\\")\",\n \"title\": \"Everybody (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365663\",\n \"text\": \"critically successful song, \\\"Someone like You\\\" appeared on many year-end lists about the best songs of 2011. \\\"Someone like You\\\" was the first recipient of the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance, at the 54th Grammy Awards, held on 12 February 2012. As of 2018, it is the third most downloaded single of all-time in the UK and the fourth best-selling single of the 21st century. \\\"Someone like You\\\" is about a boyfriend who broke up with Adele. She wrote it with American songwriter and producer Dan Wilson. It was one of the last written for \\\"21\\\". The track,\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8462245\",\n \"text\": \"on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. As listed in liner notes. Golden Road (album) Golden Road is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 8 October 2002 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes the singles \\\"Somebody Like You\\\", \\\"Raining on Sunday\\\", \\\"Who Wouldn't Wanna Be Me\\\", and \\\"You'll Think of Me\\\". This was Urban's first album to be produced by Dann Huff, who has produced all of his albums since. This album produced four singles: \\\"Somebody Like You\\\", \\\"Raining on Sunday\\\", \\\"Who Wouldn't Wanna Be Me\\\", and \\\"You'll Think of Me\\\", which all\",\n \"title\": \"Golden Road (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365669\",\n \"text\": \"while writing the song, they wanted to make it as personal as possible. He added \\\"We didn't try to make it open-ended so it could apply to 'anybody.' We tried to make it as personal as possible. She may not have had a melodic hook or a specific lyrical idea, but she always knew what she wanted to say. She definitely had a master plan.\\\" The song was recorded at Harmony Studios in West Hollywood, California with Wilson playing piano. Philip Allen engineered in the studio. The mixing was done by Tom Elmhirst and Dan Parry while the mastering was\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19179440\",\n \"text\": \"with Justin Tranter, and Julia Michaels, and after writing several songs dealing with the breakup of her marriage, Stefani began to work on songs inspired by her new relationship with singer Blake Shelton, including \\\"Make Me Like You\\\". The song took shape quickly, in \\\"like, 10, 15 minutes\\\", according to Stefani. The songwriting credit lists Stefani, Tranter and Michaels, and also credits Mattias Larsson and Robin Frediksson, the producers. The vocals were recorded at Wolf Cousins Studios and Maratone Studios, both in Stockholm, and Interscope Studios in Santa Monica, California. Additional recording was handled by Juan Carlos Torrado and Noah\",\n \"title\": \"Make Me Like You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365667\",\n \"text\": \"with someone else, it was just the horrible-est feeling ever. But after I wrote it, I felt more at peace. It set me free... I didn't think it would resonate... with the world! I'm never gonna write a song like that again. I think that's the song I'll be known for.\\\" She also said that \\\"I wrote that song on the end of my bed. I had a cold. I was waiting for my bath to run. I'd found out that he'd got engaged to someone else.\\\" Adele later collaborated with famed musician and producer Dan Wilson to write \\\"Someone\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365666\",\n \"text\": \"he's settled with a beautiful wife and beautiful kids and he's completely happy... and I'm still on my own. The song's about that and I'm scared at the thought of that.\\\" Adele had said that she began writing it on her acoustic guitar in the wake of the break-up of her 18-month relationship with the 30-year-old man she thought she would marry. A few months after their split, he was engaged to someone else. \\\"We were so intense I thought we would get married. But that was something he never wanted... So when I found out he does want that\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12060352\",\n \"text\": \"Grammy award winning songwriter Marti Sharron and Danny Sembello, brother of Michael Sambello, wrote the title track, “Never Found Someone Like You.” That song was also placed on “The Bad Boys I” movie soundtrack and went on to sell over 1 million copies. Martin released his first album, \\\"It's Long Overdue\\\" in 1995, which peaked at #82 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B Albums chart. His first single, \\\"Never Find Someone Like You\\\" (which was also independently recorded by Backstreet Boys before) it peaked at #53 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and at #43 on R&B Singles chart, and was included\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Martin (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683894\",\n \"text\": \"the highest-debuting country single in the 62-year history of the Hot Country Songs chart. Despite the high debut, the song peaked at number 6. Following it was \\\"Stupid Boy\\\", which was co-written by Sarah Buxton, went to number 3, and won him his second Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance in 2007. The album's next two singles, \\\"I Told You So\\\" and \\\"Everybody\\\", respectively peaked at numbers 2 and 5. Urban released his first greatest hits collection \\\"\\\" on 20 November 2007. This compilation contains all of his Top 10 hits, along with two new songs, \\\"Romeo's Tune\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17529773\",\n \"text\": \"2013, the Australian group Justice Crew released \\\"Everybody\\\", co-written by Morgan and Danny Mercer. The single was certified Double Platinum by the Australian Record Industry Association after reaching #6 on the Australian top 100. X Jackson Morgan Jackson Morgan (born Jackson Lee Morgan) is a Grammy-nominated American songwriter and producer from Dallas, TX who resides in Los Angeles, CA. Signed by Kobalt Music Group in 2013, Morgan's work includes collaborations with Keith Urban, Nicole Scherzinger, Pitbull, Akon and others. Jackson Morgan was born on July 20, 1992 in Dallas, TX. Morgan attended Highland Park High School and the University of\",\n \"title\": \"Jackson Morgan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683900\",\n \"text\": \"1. Urban wrote \\\"Put You in a Song\\\" with Sarah Buxton and Jedd Hughes, and \\\"Long Hot Summer\\\" with Richard Marx. Preston Brust and Chris Lucas, who comprise the LoCash Cowboys, co-wrote \\\"You Gonna Fly\\\" with Jaren Johnston, then-member of the group American Bang. After \\\"You Gonna Fly\\\" fell from the charts, Urban released \\\"For You\\\", which was featured as the theme song of the 2012 action film \\\"Act of Valor\\\" and appeared on the film's . The song peaked at number 6 on the country charts. On 10 April 2012, Urban was invited to be a member of the\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20636353\",\n \"text\": \"Coming Home (Keith Urban song) \\\"Coming Home\\\" is a song recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music artist Keith Urban featuring American singer Julia Michaels, released in March 2018 as the third single from Urban's 2018 album \\\"Graffiti U\\\". The artists co-wrote the song with Nicolle Galyon and J.R. Rotem, with Merle Haggard receiving songwriting credits for the sampling of his 1968 single \\\"Mama Tried\\\". Urban and Rotem are also the producers. Urban told \\\"Billboard\\\" he enlisted Michaels \\\"to help [him] flesh out a few little bits and pieces, and then she had this cool bridge idea and she sang\",\n \"title\": \"Coming Home (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365665\",\n \"text\": \"myself and OK with the two years I spent with him. And when I did it, I felt so freed.\\\" Adele revealed that she was struggling emotionally when she composed it: \\\"When I was writing it I was feeling pretty miserable and pretty lonely, which I guess kind of contradicts 'Rolling in the Deep'. Whereas that was about me saying, 'I'm going to be fine without you', this is me on my knees really.\\\" She discussed further the inspiration of the song: \\\"I can imagine being about 40 and looking for him again, only to turn up and find that\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683882\",\n \"text\": \"which went to number one, counting a duet with Brad Paisley and the 2008 single \\\"You Look Good in My Shirt\\\", which he previously recorded on \\\"Golden Road\\\". Those also include his third Grammy Award-winning single \\\"Sweet Thing\\\" from his album \\\"Defying Gravity\\\". Urban is also known for his roles as a coach on the Australian version of the singing competition \\\"The Voice\\\" and as a judge on \\\"American Idol\\\". Since 2006, he has been married to actress Nicole Kidman. In October 2013, Urban introduced his own signature line of guitars and accessories. Keith Lionel Urban was born on 26\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365664\",\n \"text\": \"which epitomizes the lyrical content of \\\"21\\\", summarizes the now defunct relationship that the record is all about. Adele has openly discussed the genesis of it saying, \\\"Well, I wrote that song because I was exhausted from being such a bitch, with 'Rolling in the Deep' or 'Rumour Has It' ... I was really emotionally drained from the way I was portraying him, because even though I'm very bitter and regret some parts of it, he's still the most important person that's ever been in my life, and 'Someone like You,' I had to write it to feel OK with\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15843032\",\n \"text\": \"Long Hot Summer (Keith Urban song) \\\"Long Hot Summer\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in June 2011 as the third single from his 2010 album \\\"Get Closer\\\". The reached number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of 22 October 2011. Urban wrote this song with Richard Marx. Nate Chinen of \\\"The New York Times\\\" wrote that the song was \\\"one of the friskier tunes\\\" on the album. Dan Milliken of \\\"Country Universe\\\" gave the song a B grade, saying that it is the\",\n \"title\": \"Long Hot Summer (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20297092\",\n \"text\": \"Zane Lowe on Apple's Beats1 Radio alongside the worldwide premiere of pre-release track “Someone Like You,” which Wilson co-wrote with Adele. Kronos Quartet is featured on Wilson’s \\\"Re-Covered\\\" version of the song. Performers and musicians Production Design Re-Covered \\\"Re-Covered\\\" is the third studio album from singer, songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist Dan Wilson, released on August 4, 2017 via Ballroom Music and Big Deal Media. \\\"Re-Covered\\\" is a collection of reinterpretations of songs Wilson wrote for other artists including Adele, Dixie Chicks, Chris Stapleton, Taylor Swift, and more. The album was met with resoundingly positive reception from critics seeing coverage in\",\n \"title\": \"Re-Covered\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11014941\",\n \"text\": \"was issued as a single in June 2008. Greatest Hits: 18 Kids Greatest Hits: 18 Kids (known as Greatest Hits: 19 Kids on the reissue) is a greatest hits album by Keith Urban, released on 20 November 2007 by Capitol Nashville. It contains 16 of Urban's hits as well as two new songs. Two versions of the album were released: a regular edition and a special edition; the second disc includes 12 music videos. Both versions use the radio edits of Urban's songs, except for \\\"Somebody Like You.\\\" Also included is a cover of Steve Forbert's 1980 single \\\"Romeo's Tune\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Greatest Hits: 18 Kids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365670\",\n \"text\": \"finished by Tom Coyne. According to sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony Music Publishing, \\\"Someone like You\\\" is a slow tempo of 68 beats per minute. Written in common time, the song is in the key of A major. Adele's vocal range spans from F to E during the song. A slow, plaintive ballad pairing Adele's voice with a looping piano line, \\\"Someone like You\\\" is the lyrical opposite of \\\"Rolling in the Deep\\\" on which the singer narrates coming to terms with the end of the relationship: \\\"Nevermind, I'll find someone like you/I wish nothing but the best\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9812618\",\n \"text\": \"engineer. This song was released again on two of Morrison's compilation albums in 2007. A remastered version has been included in the album, \\\"Still on Top - The Greatest Hits\\\" and it is one of the songs on Van Morrison's 2007 compilation album, \\\"Van Morrison at the Movies - Soundtrack Hits\\\". \\\"Someone Like You\\\" is a popularly performed cover song, with the best-known versions by Dina Carroll, Vanessa L. Williams, Shawn Colvin and John Waite. Someone like You (Van Morrison song) \\\"Someone Like You\\\" is a song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded on his album, \\\"Poetic\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Van Morrison song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20636355\",\n \"text\": \"Home\\\" has sold 113,000 copies in the United States. Coming Home (Keith Urban song) \\\"Coming Home\\\" is a song recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music artist Keith Urban featuring American singer Julia Michaels, released in March 2018 as the third single from Urban's 2018 album \\\"Graffiti U\\\". The artists co-wrote the song with Nicolle Galyon and J.R. Rotem, with Merle Haggard receiving songwriting credits for the sampling of his 1968 single \\\"Mama Tried\\\". Urban and Rotem are also the producers. Urban told \\\"Billboard\\\" he enlisted Michaels \\\"to help [him] flesh out a few little bits and pieces, and then\",\n \"title\": \"Coming Home (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14205329\",\n \"text\": \"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do \\\"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\\\" is a song written by James Dunne and Pamela Phillips, and recorded by Canadian Country music artist Anne Murray and singer-songwriter Dave Loggins as a duet. It was released in August 1984 as the first single from the album \\\"Heart Over Mind\\\". The song was Dave Loggins' only hit on the Country chart. It was Anne's ninth American #1 Country hit and also hit the Top 10 of Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. The track was covered by Whitney Houston and Jermaine Jackson on Houston's 1985 self-titled debut album.\",\n \"title\": \"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14205330\",\n \"text\": \"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do \\\"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\\\" is a song written by James Dunne and Pamela Phillips, and recorded by Canadian Country music artist Anne Murray and singer-songwriter Dave Loggins as a duet. It was released in August 1984 as the first single from the album \\\"Heart Over Mind\\\". The song was Dave Loggins' only hit on the Country chart. It was Anne's ninth American #1 Country hit and also hit the Top 10 of Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. The track was covered by Whitney Houston and Jermaine Jackson on Houston's 1985 self-titled debut album.\",\n \"title\": \"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683907\",\n \"text\": \"featuring a duet with pop singer Julia Michaels. This song also features a revamped version of the opening riff of Merle Haggard's hit \\\"Mama Tried\\\" throughout it and with his family's blessing, Haggard even received a posthumous credit for writing the song. Coming Home reached number 1 on the Mediabase Country Chart on 5 August 2018. As well as Julia Michaels, the album also features duets with Lindsay Ell, Shy Carter, and Kassi Ashton. On 23 November 2011, Urban was confirmed as one of the four vocal coaches in the Australian version of the reality singing competition \\\"The Voice\\\". On\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16712778\",\n \"text\": \"Urban was his debut single, \\\"It's a Love Thing\\\", which reached Top 20 in 1999. Powell won awards for Song, Songwriter, and Publisher of the Year in 2009 from SESAC. He also received a Country Music Association nomination in 2006 for co-writing Urban's \\\"Tonight I Wanna Cry\\\", and an Album of the Year award in 1994 for collaborating on \\\"\\\". Powell is the father of Suzannah Powell,who is known as the experimental rap artist, Boyfriend. Monty Powell Monty Powell (born in Resaca, Georgia) is an American country music songwriter best known for collaborating with Keith Urban, and for producing albums\",\n \"title\": \"Monty Powell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5532065\",\n \"text\": \"the writing and recording of \\\"Someone Like You\\\": \\\"Someone Like You\\\" won the 2012 Grammy for Best Pop Solo Performance, and as she accepted the award, Adele said, \\\"I want to thank Dan Wilson, who wrote this song with me. My life changed when I wrote this song and I felt it before anyone even heard it.\\\" \\\"Someone Like You\\\" was the most downloaded single of all time in the UK and was voted third most favourite single of the last 60 years in the UK. Wilson's career as a painter, illustrator, and calligrapher is less widely known, but his\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Wilson (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19698756\",\n \"text\": \"Blue Ain't Your Color \\\"Blue Ain't Your Color\\\" is a song written by Steven Lee Olsen, Hillary Lindsey, and Clint Lagerberg and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 8 August 2016 as the fourth single from Urban's 2016 album \\\"Ripcord\\\". The song has been a big commercial and chart success. In the United States, it reached number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts for 12 straight weeks in that position on the former. It also peaked at number 24 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Blue Ain't\",\n \"title\": \"Blue Ain't Your Color\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683891\",\n \"text\": \"frontal nudity. Urban performed \\\"Lights on the Hill\\\" for Tamworth's 2004 tribute concert following the death of Australia's Slim Dusty, an artist whom he had both written for and covered. In 2005, Urban performed in front of European audiences for the first time. In May, Urban supported Bryan Adams on his UK and Ireland tour, which included dates at Earls Court, London, SECC, Glasgow and The Point, Dublin. On 6 June a UK only album, \\\"Days Go By\\\", was released. The album contained songs from both \\\"Be Here\\\" and \\\"Golden Road\\\". \\\"You Look Good in My Shirt\\\" was originally intended\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10869898\",\n \"text\": \"and tries asking her to stay (\\\"Everybody needs somebody sometimes\\\"). Jordan Levin and Howard Cohen of \\\"The Miami Herald\\\" called the song \\\"formulaic,\\\" and Keith Groller of \\\"The Morning Call\\\" said that it was \\\"ultra-sappy.\\\" The music video was directed by Chris Hicky. As listed in liner notes. String section Richard Marx would later record his own version of the song and release it as the lead single from the European edition of his album \\\"Stories To Tell\\\". Everybody (Keith Urban song) \\\"Everybody\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in\",\n \"title\": \"Everybody (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15843034\",\n \"text\": \"Glau as the female lead. Long Hot Summer (Keith Urban song) \\\"Long Hot Summer\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in June 2011 as the third single from his 2010 album \\\"Get Closer\\\". The reached number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of 22 October 2011. Urban wrote this song with Richard Marx. Nate Chinen of \\\"The New York Times\\\" wrote that the song was \\\"one of the friskier tunes\\\" on the album. Dan Milliken of \\\"Country Universe\\\" gave the song a B grade,\",\n \"title\": \"Long Hot Summer (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10364586\",\n \"text\": \"Giantslayer Records Giantslayer Records was an American independent record label specializing in country music. It was established in 2004 by songwriters Rory Lee Feek and Tim Johnson in Nashville, Tennessee. Songwriters included Rory Lee Feek born in Atchison, Kansas. Feek has co-written Blake Shelton's Number One single \\\"Some Beach\\\", as well as Top 5 hits for Clay Walker (\\\"The Chain of Love\\\") and Collin Raye (\\\"Someone You Used to Know\\\"). He and Joey Martin founded the duo Joey + Rory in 2008. Tim Johnson, cofounder, grew up in western Oregon. He has written more than one hundred country music songs\",\n \"title\": \"Giantslayer Records\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19163862\",\n \"text\": \"Ripcord (album) Ripcord is the ninth studio album by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 6 May 2016 via Hit Red and Capitol Records Nashville. The album produced the singles \\\"\\\"; \\\"Break on Me\\\", \\\"Wasted Time\\\", \\\"Blue Ain't Your Color\\\", and \\\"The Fighter\\\". It also features duets with musicians like Carrie Underwood, Pitbull, and Nile Rodgers. Just like his previous album \\\"Fuse\\\" (2013), Urban co-worked with multiple producers on this one. The album was nominated for Best Country Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards. On April 7, 2017, the album was certified Platinum\",\n \"title\": \"Ripcord (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14447886\",\n \"text\": \"recorded his first album \\\"Somebody's Hero\\\" in 2008 under the direction and production of Big Kenny of Big & Rich. When asked about the project, Big Kenny said Horne signed a publishing deal with Big Love Music in 2007. He has made appearances on One Cubed, The 700 Club, and Legends & Lyrics, as well as appeared in Rolling Stone and on the cover of Lifeway Christian Singles magazine. In 2006, he and Keith Urban put together and directed a children's choir during the 2006 CMT awards show in tribute to the victims of Hurricane Katrina. In 2007, he made\",\n \"title\": \"Damien Horne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382742\",\n \"text\": \"No. 1 single \\\"Just A Dream\\\" by artist Carrie Underwood. His regular trips to Nashville have resulted in four number 1 singles and cuts on more than 50 million albums worldwide. Steve never left his pop/rock roots as his success writing for that genre continued. He co-wrote four songs on pop/R&B sensation James Morrison's 2007 release called Undiscovered. He also wrote \\\"One of the Brightest Stars\\\" with James Blunt for the 2007 \\\"All the Lost Souls\\\" album and had two songs on pop star David Archuleta's debut album in 2008. Steve has co-written Keith Urban's No. 1 single \\\"Only You\",\n \"title\": \"Steve McEwan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14504242\",\n \"text\": \"LoCash LoCash (sometimes stylized as LOCASH), formerly known as LoCash Cowboys, is an American country duo consisting of vocalists Chris Lucas and Preston Brust, natives of Baltimore, Maryland and Kokomo, Indiana, respectively. They have released one album each for Average Joes Entertainment and Reviver Records, and have charted seven singles on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs or Country Airplay chart. Their highest-charting single is \\\"I Know Somebody\\\", which topped the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay chart in 2016. In addition to their own material, the members of LoCash co-wrote Keith Urban's number-one single \\\"You Gonna Fly\\\" and Tim McGraw's \\\"Truck Yeah\\\". Originally\",\n \"title\": \"LoCash\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365675\",\n \"text\": \"love and sometimes it hurts instead' and how she comes to take solace in the statement as an empowering mantra.\\\" Upon release, the song received acclaim from a wide variety of publications and has been viewed as a highlight of \\\"21\\\". In a track-by-track review for \\\"21\\\", Joanne Dorken of MTV UK noted the track's placement at the end of the album saying, \\\"It maybe a cliché, but Adele has saved the best until last with this heartfelt and enchanting piano ballad. ... It's sad but beautiful and displays Adele at her best – marking the perfect end to what\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17411678\",\n \"text\": \"with Tears\\\". The lyrics were penned by Kim Ji-hyang known for working on lyrics of U-Kiss's \\\"Take Me Away\\\". The One like You \\\"The One Like You\\\" (; also translated as \\\"That One Person Is You\\\") is a ballade song performed by Korean American artist Jessica Jung, member of the girl group Girls' Generation. The song was released as a digital single on July 2, 2013 and was the fourth soundtrack single album to be unveiled for the TV drama series tvN's \\\"\\\" starring fellow Girls' Generation member Choi Sooyoung. The song was composed and arranged by Melodesign (Kim Doo-hyun),\",\n \"title\": \"The One like You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14622158\",\n \"text\": \"Jimmy Robbins James Michael Robbins (born September 3, 1989 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American singer-songwriter and producer. In October 2007, Jimmy signed to Universal Motown Records. Jimmy's major label album \\\"See Through Secrets\\\" was then digitally released on September 8, 2009. In addition to having penned a total of 8 number one singles, in 2014 Jimmy won a CMA Triple Play Award for having 3 #1 songs in a twelve-month period as well as winning the ASCAP country song of the year for Thomas Rhett's It Goes Like This. His song We Were Us, performed by Keith Urban\",\n \"title\": \"Jimmy Robbins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14504246\",\n \"text\": \"Tyler Hubbard of Florida Georgia Line. Notes LoCash LoCash (sometimes stylized as LOCASH), formerly known as LoCash Cowboys, is an American country duo consisting of vocalists Chris Lucas and Preston Brust, natives of Baltimore, Maryland and Kokomo, Indiana, respectively. They have released one album each for Average Joes Entertainment and Reviver Records, and have charted seven singles on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs or Country Airplay chart. Their highest-charting single is \\\"I Know Somebody\\\", which topped the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay chart in 2016. In addition to their own material, the members of LoCash co-wrote Keith Urban's number-one single \\\"You Gonna\",\n \"title\": \"LoCash\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683881\",\n \"text\": \"studio album, \\\"Ripcord\\\". The album later produced the Country Airplay chart number one hits \\\"Break on Me\\\", \\\"Wasted Time\\\", and \\\"Blue Ain't Your Color\\\", with the latter also becoming Urban's longest-reigning number one on the Hot Country Songs chart, spending twelve weeks at number one. His tenth album, \\\"Graffiti U\\\", was released in 2018 and includes the Top 20 hit \\\"Female\\\". Urban has released a total of nine studio albums (one of which was released only in Australia), as well as one album with The Ranch. He has charted 37 singles on the US Hot Country Songs chart, 18 of\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6242792\",\n \"text\": \"Benny Hester Benny Ray Hester (born May 3, 1948) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and recording artist. He is perhaps best known for his songs \\\"When God Ran\\\" and \\\"Nobody Knows Me Like You\\\", and for producing the groundbreaking tween/teen music-driven sketch comedy and dance television series \\\"Roundhouse\\\" on Nickelodeon. Hester received a television Cable Ace Award for the song \\\"I Can Dream\\\" and a collection of nominations for writing and producing a featured original song for each weekly episode of \\\"Roundhouse\\\" during its successful four-year run. He has written and recorded more than 25 number one and top\",\n \"title\": \"Benny Hester\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9168249\",\n \"text\": \"are \\\"Sweet Thing\\\" in 2010 and \\\"'Til Summer Comes Around\\\" in 2011, which are both released as singles from his 2009 album \\\"Defying Gravity\\\". Cassadee Pope performed this song on NBC's singing competition show, \\\"The Voice\\\". Pope went on to win the competition, and her studio version of the song reached the top of the iTunes Top 10 Singles the day after the song was released. Stupid Boy \\\"Stupid Boy\\\" is a song written by Dave Berg, Deanna Bryant, and Sarah Buxton. Originally recorded by Buxton, the song was later recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban on his\",\n \"title\": \"Stupid Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13406578\",\n \"text\": \"Engine 145 gave it a thumbs-down rating, saying that the song was cliché and stereotyped, although she also described Lee's vocal performance favorably. In 2016, Lee celebrated her first #1 song, Kelsea Ballerini's \\\"Peter Pan\\\". In 2016, Jesse penned one of the 13 songs on Keith Urban's album RIPCORD, \\\"That Could Still Be Us\\\". In January 2018, Jesse Lee had her second consecutive #1 song with Brett Young, \\\"Like I Loved You.\\\" It was a 3-week Billboard number one which she co-wrote with Brett Young. Jesse Lee (singer) Jesse Lee (born 1986) is an American country music singer and songwriter.\",\n \"title\": \"Jesse Lee (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15445171\",\n \"text\": \"Without You (Keith Urban song) \\\"Without You\\\" is a song written by Joe West and Dave Pahanish and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in February 2011 as the second single from Urban’s 2010 album \\\"Get Closer\\\". The song reached number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart. This song should not to be confused with another song of the same title that Urban had recorded on his Australian self-titled 1991 debut album. Urban described the song as his \\\"life story\\\" and considered it \\\"an amazing song that [he] would have never allowed\",\n \"title\": \"Without You (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17808982\",\n \"text\": \"Sam Hunt Sam Lowry Hunt (born December 8, 1984) is an American singer and songwriter. Born in Cedartown, Georgia, Hunt played football in his high school and college years and once attempted to pursue a professional sports career before signing with MCA Nashville in 2014. Prior to his successful solo career, Hunt was credited for writing singles for Kenny Chesney, Keith Urban, Billy Currington, and Reba McEntire. His debut studio album, \\\"Montevallo\\\", broke several chart records with five singles spawned from the record, including three consecutive Hot Country Songs chart and four Country Airplay chart number ones. The lead single\",\n \"title\": \"Sam Hunt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683888\",\n \"text\": \"number-four \\\"Your Everything\\\", which made him the first male New Zealand performer to reach the Top 10 on the US country charts. Its follow-up, \\\"But for the Grace of God\\\", written by Charlotte Caffey and Jane Wiedlin of The Go-Go's, became his first number 1 hit on the charts. The last single, \\\"Where the Blacktop Ends\\\", written by Steve Wariner and Allen Shamblin, went to number three. He won the Top New Male Vocalist Award at the 2001 Academy of Country Music Awards and the 2001 Country Music Association's Horizon Award. Allmusic's Thom Jurek described the first and third singles\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10888131\",\n \"text\": \"this song was remixed for the movie \\\"How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days\\\". \\\"Somebody Like You\\\" is in common time in the key of E major. The verses use a chord pattern of E-A-E-B-A-E, with a pattern of E-A-E-A-Cm-Fm7 on the chorus, and the lead vocal ranges from E4 to G5. \\\"Somebody Like You\\\" reached the number one position on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now the Hot Country Songs) chart dated for the week of October 19, 2002, holding that position for six weeks and spending forty-one weeks on that chart. It also reached number\",\n \"title\": \"Somebody Like You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11014939\",\n \"text\": \"Greatest Hits: 18 Kids Greatest Hits: 18 Kids (known as Greatest Hits: 19 Kids on the reissue) is a greatest hits album by Keith Urban, released on 20 November 2007 by Capitol Nashville. It contains 16 of Urban's hits as well as two new songs. Two versions of the album were released: a regular edition and a special edition; the second disc includes 12 music videos. Both versions use the radio edits of Urban's songs, except for \\\"Somebody Like You.\\\" Also included is a cover of Steve Forbert's 1980 single \\\"Romeo's Tune\\\" and a re-recording of the non-single \\\"Got It\",\n \"title\": \"Greatest Hits: 18 Kids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365681\",\n \"text\": \"Track. The song was also nominated in the category for Best Song at the 2011 Music of Black Origin Awards. \\\"Someone like You\\\" won the first Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance, at the 54th Grammy Awards, which were held on 12 February 2012. \\\"The Village Voice\\\"s Pazz & Jop annual critics' poll ranked \\\"Someone like You\\\" at number nine to find the best music of 2011; Adele's previous single \\\"Rolling in the Deep\\\" topped the same critics' poll. \\\"Someone like You\\\" achieved international commercial success, topping the record charts in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7602848\",\n \"text\": \"Morris, Alabama, Toby Keith, Don Williams, and the number one hits \\\"Morning Desire\\\" by Kenny Rogers and \\\"You Make Me Want To Make You Mine\\\" by Juice Newton. During 1984, he recorded \\\"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do,\\\" a duet with Anne Murray, which scored number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart. Loggins and Murray were named Vocal Duo of the Year at the CMA Awards during 1985. Loggins also composed the theme music \\\"Augusta\\\" that is used on broadcasts of The Masters Golf Tournament. \\\"Augusta\\\" was later released as part of a collection of songs about golf\",\n \"title\": \"Dave Loggins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17529772\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson Morgan Jackson Morgan (born Jackson Lee Morgan) is a Grammy-nominated American songwriter and producer from Dallas, TX who resides in Los Angeles, CA. Signed by Kobalt Music Group in 2013, Morgan's work includes collaborations with Keith Urban, Nicole Scherzinger, Pitbull, Akon and others. Jackson Morgan was born on July 20, 1992 in Dallas, TX. Morgan attended Highland Park High School and the University of Southern California Thornton School of Music. His most notable work includes collaborations with Keith Urban, will.i.am, Pitbull and Sandy Vee on Nicole Scherzinger's single \\\"Boomerang\\\", which debuted at #6 on the UK charts. In October\",\n \"title\": \"Jackson Morgan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19987581\",\n \"text\": \"Chesney on his album \\\"Cosmic Hallelujah\\\", Florida Georgia Line on their album \\\"Dig Your Roots\\\", Lady Antebellum on their album \\\"Golden\\\", and Thomas Rhett on his album \\\"Tangled Up\\\", among others. Nicolle Galyon currently resides in Nashville. Galyon married songwriter Rodney Clawson October 13, 2007. They have two children together, daughter Charlie Jo Clawson born May 29, 2013, and son Ford Sterling Clawson born April 14, 2015. Nicolle Galyon Nicolle Anne Galyon (born July 22, 1984) is an American country music singer, songwriter and record producer. She has written songs for Lady Antebellum, Miranda Lambert, Keith Urban, Kenny Chesney, and\",\n \"title\": \"Nicolle Galyon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365689\",\n \"text\": \"featuring Calvin Harris. With \\\"Rolling in the Deep\\\" spending 7 weeks at number one on the Hot 100 and \\\"Someone like You\\\" spending 5 weeks, Adele is the first female solo artist to log 12 weeks at #1 in a calendar year with two strictly solo recordings. Beyoncé, Monica and Mariah Carey also did it (in 2003, 1998 and 1995, respectively), if collaborations are included. As of October 2015, it has sold 6,000,000 downloads in the United States alone. The music video for the song was filmed in Paris, France, by English director Jake Nava who said: The video begins\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4065038\",\n \"text\": \"financial difficulties faced by producer Harold Fielding, all his assets were seized, and the show closed without warning after the April 25 performance. Although an original cast album was never released at the time, Clark's recordings of several of the tunes were issued on various CDs throughout the ensuing years. A studio recording of the score was released by Sepia Records in May 2007. With arrangements by the show's original musical director and arranger, Kenny Clayton, it features vocals by Debi Doss, Andrew Derbyshire, and Lewis Rae, who appeared in the original production as young Andy. Clayton is featured on\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18554151\",\n \"text\": \"Nothin' Like You \\\"Nothin' Like You\\\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Dan + Shay for their debut studio album, \\\"Where It All Began\\\" (2014). The song, written by both group members along with Chris DeStefano and Ashley Gorley, is about Shay's ex-girlfriend Veronica Ballestrini, who is also a country-pop singer. \\\"Nothin' Like You\\\" reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay chart, giving the duo their first number-one country hit in their career. It also charted at numbers 5 and 51 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. The song was certified\",\n \"title\": \"Nothin' Like You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19987579\",\n \"text\": \"Nicolle Galyon Nicolle Anne Galyon (born July 22, 1984) is an American country music singer, songwriter and record producer. She has written songs for Lady Antebellum, Miranda Lambert, Keith Urban, Kenny Chesney, and Florida Georgia Line. Nicolle was born to Chris and LaMonna (née Hahn) Galyon of Sterling, Kansas. She has three younger brothers, Riley, Taylor, and Cooper. Originally from Sterling, Kansas, Galyon made her way to Nashville, Tennessee in 2002 to attend Belmont University for Music Business. At Belmont, Galyon discovered her passion for songwriting and signed a publishing deal with Warner/Chappell Nashville shortly after graduating in 2006. In\",\n \"title\": \"Nicolle Galyon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11031910\",\n \"text\": \"I Got You (Craig Morgan song) \\\"I Got You\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Craig Morgan. It was released in December 2005 as the third and final single from Morgan's album \\\"My Kind of Livin'\\\", reaching a peak of number 12 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs charts and number 92 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. The song was written Morgan, Phil O'Donnell and Tim Owens. Craig states that he wrote \\\"I Got You\\\" while on tour with Keith Urban, hoping to persuade Urban to record the song; however, upon recording the demo\",\n \"title\": \"I Got You (Craig Morgan song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683880\",\n \"text\": \"Thing\\\" was released in 2006, containing \\\"Once in a Lifetime\\\" as well as his second Grammy Award song \\\"Stupid Boy\\\". A greatest hits package entitled \\\"\\\" followed in late 2007. \\\"Defying Gravity\\\" and \\\"Get Closer\\\" were released on 31 March 2009 and 16 November 2010, respectively. In September 2013, he released a brand new album titled \\\"Fuse\\\", which produced four more number ones on the Country Airplay chart, two of which are duets—one with Miranda Lambert and the other with Eric Church. A new single, entitled \\\"\\\", was released in June 2015 as the lead-off single to his eighth American\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9812617\",\n \"text\": \"Someone like You (Van Morrison song) \\\"Someone Like You\\\" is a song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded on his album, \\\"Poetic Champions Compose\\\" (1987). It has become a wedding and movie classic and the song would subsequently furnish the framework for another of his most popular classics and love ballads, \\\"Have I Told You Lately\\\", that was released in 1989. In 1987 the single charted at number 28 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Adult Contemporary in the U.S. \\\"Someone Like You\\\" was recorded in the summer of 1987 at Wool Hall Studios in Beckington,Somerset with Mick Glossop as\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Van Morrison song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19614940\",\n \"text\": \"The Fighter (Keith Urban song) \\\"The Fighter\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country singer Keith Urban featuring Carrie Underwood as a duet. It was released on 6 February 2017 as the fifth and final single from Urban's 2016 album, \\\"Ripcord\\\". Urban co-wrote and co-produced this song with busbee. The song has entered the record charts of Australia, Canada, the United States, Belgium, and Scotland, where it became Urban's first song to enter the Scottish and Belgian charts. The song is set in the key of B minor with a main chord pattern of G7–A4–F7–Bm and\",\n \"title\": \"The Fighter (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16101802\",\n \"text\": \"You Gonna Fly \\\"You Gonna Fly\\\" is a song written by Preston Brust, Chris Lucas, and Jaren Johnston, and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in October 2011 as fourth and final single from Urban’s 2010 album \\\"Get Closer\\\". The song reached number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart in February 2012. Preston Brust and Chris Lucas of the country duo LoCash wrote the song with Jaren Johnston. According to Brust, a Sony/ATV Music Publishing representative suggested that he and Lucas write with Johnston. Johnston suggested on adding a lyric about a\",\n \"title\": \"You Gonna Fly\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18542369\",\n \"text\": \"Raise 'Em Up \\\"Raise 'Em Up\\\" is a song written by Tom Douglas, Jaren Johnston and Jeffrey Steele and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban as a duet with American country music singer Eric Church. It was released in January 2015 as the fifth international single, sixth overall and final single from Urban's 2013 album \\\"Fuse\\\". According to Urban, when he sent a demo to Church with the intent of having him serve as a duet partner on it, Church asked, \\\"How do you write a song as good as that?\\\" and Urban replied that he\",\n \"title\": \"Raise 'Em Up\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365680\",\n \"text\": \"utterly, utterly gorgeous.\\\" Bary Walters of \\\"Spin\\\" wrote that on \\\"the piano-led finale, she vows, 'I'll find someone like you,' as if that's progress. It's a statement that's utterly WTF and yet true to the cyclical nature of psychological damage.\\\" Sputnikmusics Joseph Viney called the song \\\"an ode to stalking with a perverse attitude that lies underneath the fragile composition, looks set to become the soundtrack to a million messy break-ups.\\\" Allison Stewart of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" put the song on her list \\\"Recommended tracks\\\". At the 2011 Q Awards, \\\"Someone like You\\\" was nominated in the category for Best\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13406575\",\n \"text\": \"one of the 13 songs on Keith Urban's album RIPCORD. \\\"That Could Still Be Us\\\". In January 2018, Jesse Lee had her second consecutive #1 song with Brett Young, \\\"Like I Loved You.\\\" It was a 3-week Billboard number one which she co-wrote with Brett Young. Jesse Lee was raised in Los Altos, California. Inspired by country music at an early age, she began performing in state festivals by age eleven before her family moved to Florida, eventually serving as an opening act for Ronnie Milsap, Willie Nelson and Clay Walker. By age 14, she had made her first trip\",\n \"title\": \"Jesse Lee (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7678987\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of October 22, 2005. The song set a record at the time for the highest debuting single on the country charts since the inception of SoundScan in 1990. Keith Urban later broke the record with his 2006 single \\\"Once in a Lifetime,\\\" and Kenny Chesney broke it again with 2007's \\\"Don't Blink;\\\" Brooks reclaimed the record one week after Chesney did, when \\\"More Than a Memory\\\" debuted at number one. Good Ride Cowboy \\\"Good Ride Cowboy\\\" is a song written by Jerrod Niemann, Bryan Kennedy, Richie Brown and Bob\",\n \"title\": \"Good Ride Cowboy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9076418\",\n \"text\": \"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You \\\"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You\\\" is a popular song written by Russ Morgan, Larry Stock, and James Cavanaugh and published in 1944. The song was first recorded by Morgan and has been covered by numerous artists. It is best known in versions by Dean Martin, who recorded it for Capitol Records in 1960 and Reprise Records in 1964, and by the Mills Brothers. Dean Martin's 1964 version spent 9 weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 25, while reaching No. 1 on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Middle-Road Singles chart, and No. 28 on\",\n \"title\": \"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16568991\",\n \"text\": \"song after seeing \\\"Act of Valor\\\", and that he \\\"wanted to capture the essence of not only what these men and women do so extraordinarily, but how that relates to all of us.\\\" All proceeds from the single are donated to the Navy SEAL Foundation. In his review of the album, Billy Dukes of \\\"Taste of Country\\\" wrote that the song \\\"sets the tone and is especially powerful.\\\" Kevin John Coyne of \\\"Country Universe\\\" gave the song a B-, saying that Urban's voice was \\\"typically sincere\\\", although he called the production \\\"overblown\\\" and criticized the lyrics by saying \\\"the opening\",\n \"title\": \"For You (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19698759\",\n \"text\": \"September 2016. It shows Urban singing on the stage while a woman comes into the bar crying and playing the jukebox and dancing to the song. Blue Ain't Your Color \\\"Blue Ain't Your Color\\\" is a song written by Steven Lee Olsen, Hillary Lindsey, and Clint Lagerberg and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 8 August 2016 as the fourth single from Urban's 2016 album \\\"Ripcord\\\". The song has been a big commercial and chart success. In the United States, it reached number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs and\",\n \"title\": \"Blue Ain't Your Color\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14924097\",\n \"text\": \"artists Sarah Buxton (who co-wrote Urban's 2006 single \\\"Stupid Boy\\\") and Jedd Hughes. From 26 October (Urban's 43rd birthday) to 9 November 2010, one track from the album was released to the US iTunes Store each week (a trend Urban's previous album \\\"Defying Gravity\\\" followed). Those songs were \\\"Without You\\\", \\\"Long Hot Summer\\\", and \\\"You Gonna Fly\\\" respectively. These three songs (beginning with \\\"Long Hot Summer\\\") were released to the Australian iTunes store on 22 October, 29 October, and 5 November 2010. The full album was released on 12 November in Australia. \\\"Without You\\\", \\\"Long Hot Summer\\\", and \\\"You Gonna\",\n \"title\": \"Get Closer (Keith Urban album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6235764\",\n \"text\": \"also co-wrote Brooks & Dunn's 2009 single \\\"Honky Tonk Stomp\\\". Pinson and Arlo Gilliam also co-wrote Emerson Drive's 2012 single \\\"She's My Kind of Crazy\\\". Pinson, Rhett Akins and Dallas Davidson also co-wrote Aaron Lewis's 2013 single \\\"Granddaddy's Gun\\\". Pinson, Brantley Gilbert, Blake Chaffin also co-wrote Brantley Gilbert's 2017 single \\\"The Ones That Like Me\\\". Bobby Pinson Bobby Olen Pinson (born August 10, 1972) is an American country music artist. Signed to RCA Records in 2005, Pinson made his debut that year with his album \\\"Man Like Me\\\". Its lead-off single, \\\"Don't Ask Me How I Know\\\", peaked at No.\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Pinson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10427903\",\n \"text\": \"Days Go By (Keith Urban song) \\\"Days Go By\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in June 2004 as the first single from his 2004 album \\\"Be Here\\\". It became Urban's fifth number one single on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart in late-2004, spending a four-week stay at that position. Urban wrote this song with Monty Powell. Starting with an acoustic guitar phrase and then built in D major around Urban's typical up-tempo banjo/mandolin-driven riffs with exuberant vocal yelps and electric guitar fills, the song's message is a\",\n \"title\": \"Days Go By (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14622159\",\n \"text\": \"and Miranda Lambert, won Musical Event of the Year at the 2014 CMA Awards. Jimmy has produced songs for artists Canaan Smith, Kelsea Ballerini, Keith Urban, Maddie and Tae, RaeLynn, Sabrina Carpenter, and Trent Harmon including Smith's number one single Love You Like That and RaeLynn's number one album \\\"Wild Horse\\\". On April 16, 2015, Jimmy married Sarah Boddie in Gulfport, Mississippi. They have one daughter, Lily, born in January 2018. Songs written or co-written by Robbins. Jimmy Robbins James Michael Robbins (born September 3, 1989 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American singer-songwriter and producer. In October 2007, Jimmy\",\n \"title\": \"Jimmy Robbins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11358426\",\n \"text\": \"Car,' is layered in atmospherics worthy of \\\"Achtung Baby\\\", but the melody is pure country.\\\" The song was nominated for Best Country Solo Performance at the 57th Grammy Awards but lost to Carrie Underwood's \\\"Something in the Water\\\". Compiled from liner notes. The music video was directed by John Urbano and premiered in January 2014. \\\"Cop Car\\\" peaked at number eight on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay chart in May 2014, making it his lowest-peaking single on that chart since 1999. The song has sold 772,000 copies in the U.S. as of June 2014. Sam Hunt—who co-wrote the song originally—recorded his\",\n \"title\": \"Cop Car (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9076419\",\n \"text\": \"Canada's CHUM Hit Parade. It was the B-side to Frankie Vaughan's hit single \\\"There Must Be a Way\\\", which broke into the UK top ten. A cover by Ray Price peaked at number 60 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart in 1986. You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You \\\"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You\\\" is a popular song written by Russ Morgan, Larry Stock, and James Cavanaugh and published in 1944. The song was first recorded by Morgan and has been covered by numerous artists. It is best known in versions by Dean Martin, who recorded it for Capitol\",\n \"title\": \"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18073809\",\n \"text\": \"Someone Is Looking for Someone Like You \\\"Someone Is Looking for Someone Like You\\\" is a song written and recorded by American country artist Gail Davies. The song was released as a single in January 1979 on Lifesong Records. \\\"Someone Is Looking for Someone Like You\\\" was recorded at the Sound Stage Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, United States in August 1978. The song was issued as a single in January 1979, reaching number eleven on the \\\"Billboard Magazine\\\" Hot Country Singles chart. The song was the third single released from her self-titled studio album. It became Davies' first major hit\",\n \"title\": \"Someone Is Looking for Someone Like You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19163872\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Your Body\\\" \\\"That Could Still Be Us\\\" \\\"Worry 'Bout Nothin'\\\" Production Ripcord (album) Ripcord is the ninth studio album by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 6 May 2016 via Hit Red and Capitol Records Nashville. The album produced the singles \\\"\\\"; \\\"Break on Me\\\", \\\"Wasted Time\\\", \\\"Blue Ain't Your Color\\\", and \\\"The Fighter\\\". It also features duets with musicians like Carrie Underwood, Pitbull, and Nile Rodgers. Just like his previous album \\\"Fuse\\\" (2013), Urban co-worked with multiple producers on this one. The album was nominated for Best Country Album at the 59th Annual\",\n \"title\": \"Ripcord (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683892\",\n \"text\": \"to be the fifth single from this album. Instead, Capitol chose to release \\\"Days Go By\\\", the lead-off to his third American album \\\"Be Here\\\". By late 2004, this song became Urban's fifth number-one hit on the country chart. Although it was not officially released, \\\"You Look Good in My Shirt\\\" spent one-week at number 60 on the country charts in July 2004 and remained a fan favorite. The next single from this album was the #2 \\\"You're My Better Half\\\", followed by the five-week number 1 \\\"Making Memories of Us\\\", which was written by Rodney Crowell and previously recorded\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17373382\",\n \"text\": \"a new band project called Liu Bei, releasing one single ('Infatuation' b/w 'Atlas World') on UK label Trangressive in July 2014. Richard has collaborated extensively with UK producer Guy Sigsworth and US songwriter Dan Wilson, best known for writing 'Someone Like You' with Adele. Since 2015 Walters has co-written songs with a number of artists, including Gabrielle Aplin, Nina Nesbitt, Solomun, Alison Moyet, Way Out West and Apocalyptica. Richard Walters (singer-songwriter) Richard Walters is an English singer and multi-instrumentalist, born in Oxford. Walters fronted a number of bands in his teens before signing to Warner Chappell Music Publishing as frontman\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Walters (singer-songwriter)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365659\",\n \"text\": \"sings about the end of the relationship with her ex-boyfriend. The song received wide acclaim from music critics, who chose the song as a highlight of \\\"21\\\" and praised the lyrics, its simple sound and Adele's vocal performance. Following a well-received performance of the song at the 2011 Brit Awards, \\\"Someone like You\\\" became Adele's first number-one single in the UK and stayed on the top of the chart for five weeks. The song also topped the charts in Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Brazil, Italy, France and Switzerland, and has become Adele's second number one in the US. With that\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15365662\",\n \"text\": \"live performances of the song were heavily praised by music critics and fans. The song has been covered by Katy Perry, Taio Cruz, the cast of the series \\\"Glee\\\", and several other artists. In a list voted for by the public in conjunction with the Official Charts Company's 60th anniversary, \\\"Someone like You\\\" was voted the third-most favourite number-one single of the last 60 years in the UK, with Michael Jackson's \\\"Billie Jean\\\" voted number two and Queen's \\\"Bohemian Rhapsody\\\" as number one. \\\"Someone like You\\\" is the 36th-best-selling single in the history of the UK Singles Chart. As a\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683887\",\n \"text\": \"he formed a band known as The Ranch, which included drummer Peter Clarke and bassist Jerry Flowers. The Ranch released one self-titled album for Capitol Records Nashville and charted two singles on the Hot Country Songs charts that year: \\\"Walkin' the Country\\\" and \\\"Just Some Love\\\". Throughout the late 1990s, Urban also played guitar on several other artists' albums, such as Paul Jefferson, Tim Wilson, and Charlie Daniels. Urban released his self-titled American debut album in 1999 under the production of session pianist Matt Rollings. It was led by the number 18 single \\\"It's a Love Thing\\\", followed by the\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10097159\",\n \"text\": \"Dragon's 1989 album, \\\"Bondi Road\\\". Re-formed in 2006, Dragon perform acoustic versions of their earlier work including \\\"Rain\\\". John Farnham had asked Hunter and Pigott to write him a song, they provided a number-one hit single, \\\"Age of Reason\\\" (30 July 1988 for four weeks) also on his \\\"Age of Reason\\\" album which debuted at number one (July 1988). The demo version had been recorded with Todd's brother Marc Hunter singing lead. Pigott became the first Australian woman to write an Australian number one hit. Hunter and Pigott wrote Keith Urban's first single \\\"Only You\\\" (1990), which also appeared on\",\n \"title\": \"Johanna Pigott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17411677\",\n \"text\": \"The One like You \\\"The One Like You\\\" (; also translated as \\\"That One Person Is You\\\") is a ballade song performed by Korean American artist Jessica Jung, member of the girl group Girls' Generation. The song was released as a digital single on July 2, 2013 and was the fourth soundtrack single album to be unveiled for the TV drama series tvN's \\\"\\\" starring fellow Girls' Generation member Choi Sooyoung. The song was composed and arranged by Melodesign (Kim Doo-hyun), widely known for working on various songs of the artists under Jellyfish Entertainment including Seo In-guk's \\\"With Laughter or\",\n \"title\": \"The One like You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8657275\",\n \"text\": \"of God\\\" (number 1), and \\\"Where the Blacktop Ends\\\" (number 3). It has sold 980,000 copies in the U.S., according to Nielsen SoundScan. The track \\\"A Little Luck of Our Own\\\" was originally titled \\\"Luck of Our Own\\\" as first recorded by American singer and songwriter Dale Daniel on her 1993 album of the same name. This is Urban's only album to not be produced by Dann Huff, who has produced all his albums since. While Urban's contemporaries, Tim McGraw and Kenny Chesney, started with a neotraditional country sound before developing a crossover-friendly country pop sound, Keith had a crossover-friendly\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban (1999 album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16201464\",\n \"text\": \"Kate McGill Kate Laura McGill (born 10 March 1990) is a Welsh singer-songwriter originally known for her covers of hit songs by artists such as Adele, Paramore, Mumford and Sons, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry, The Killers and Maroon 5. In 2011 she released her debut album \\\"Replaced\\\". McGill is best known for her cover of Adele's \\\"Someone Like You\\\", which had over 3 million views as of 6 January 2012. She first reached YouTube stardom with her cover of Bright Eyes' Landlocked Blues in November 2007. Since then, she's had over 30 million views on her channel as of August\",\n \"title\": \"Kate McGill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12060374\",\n \"text\": \"McCary, Danny Sembello, Marti Sharron and others. Dennis Walters Executive producers : Inerje Barrett and Michael McCary for Black Panther Productions Inc. It's Long Overdue It's Long Overdue is a Keith Martin's album released on 18 April 1995 by Sony and Ruffhouse, which peaked at #82 on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The song \\\"Never Find Someone Like You\\\" was released as a first single and peaked at #53 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and at #43 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. \\\"Moment in Time\\\" was released as a second single. \\\"Never Find Someone Like You\\\" was included in the Bad\",\n \"title\": \"It's Long Overdue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9090206\",\n \"text\": \"Eddie Rabbitt's \\\"Every Which Way But Loose\\\" and Garth Brooks' \\\"Good Ride Cowboy\\\", both of which debuted at #18 (in 1979 and 2005, respectively). As listed in liner notes. Once in a Lifetime (Keith Urban song) \\\"Once in a Lifetime\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in August 2006 as the first single from his 2006 album \\\"Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing\\\". Urban wrote this song with John Shanks. On the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart dated for the week of 2 September 2006, the song entered\",\n \"title\": \"Once in a Lifetime (Keith Urban song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10888132\",\n \"text\": \"23 on the all-genre \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart. In December 2009, \\\"Billboard\\\" ranked \\\"Somebody Like You\\\" as the number one country song for the first decade of the 21st century. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on June 13, 2005. As of September 2015, the song has sold 1.05 million copies in the US. In October 2014, candidate Shady Sheha performed that song at The Voice of Germany. After that, \\\"Somebody Like You\\\" made the very first entry in the German Single Charts at 97. The song's music video was released to Country Music Television (CMT) on August\",\n \"title\": \"Somebody Like You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4683901\",\n \"text\": \"Grand Ole Opry by Vince Gill at the third annual We're All for the Hall benefit concert which Urban organized. He was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry on 21 April 2012. Urban plays guitar on Tim McGraw's early-2013 single \\\"Highway Don't Care\\\", which also features a guest vocal from Taylor Swift. This song is the third single from McGraw's album \\\"Two Lanes of Freedom\\\". On 13 May 2013, Urban released the single \\\"Little Bit of Everything\\\", produced by Nathan Chapman. It was the first single from his eighth studio album, \\\"Fuse\\\", which was released on 10 September 2013. The\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Urban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13488889\",\n \"text\": \"Only You Can Love Me This Way \\\"Only You Can Love Me This Way\\\" is a song written by Steve McEwan and John Reid and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in June 2009 as the third single from Urban's 2009 album \\\"Defying Gravity\\\". The song became his eleventh number one hit on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart in October 2009. Steve McEwan and John Reid penned the song together in a studio at a songwriting camp in Nashville where they had just met for the first time. In an interview with HitQuarters\",\n \"title\": \"Only You Can Love Me This Way\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who wrote somebody like you by keith urban"}}},{"rowIdx":89,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["2018"],"string":"[\n \"2018\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"19402774","text":"March Madness (song) \"March Madness\" is a song recorded by American rapper Future. It was released on August 31, 2015, as the lead single of his mixtape \"56 Nights\" (2015). The song was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on May 26, 2017, for selling over 1,000,000 digital copies in the United States. The song premiered online on March 16, 2015. Future released the mixtape \"56 Nights\" on March 21, 2015. \"March Madness\" became available for digital download on iTunes on August 31, 2015. A remix was released featuring a new verse by American rapper Nas.","title":"March Madness (song)"},{"id":"19402775","text":"A music video for the track premiered on March 31, 2015. It was directed by Vincent Lou. March Madness (song) \"March Madness\" is a song recorded by American rapper Future. It was released on August 31, 2015, as the lead single of his mixtape \"56 Nights\" (2015). The song was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on May 26, 2017, for selling over 1,000,000 digital copies in the United States. The song premiered online on March 16, 2015. Future released the mixtape \"56 Nights\" on March 21, 2015. \"March Madness\" became available for digital download on","title":"March Madness (song)"},{"id":"18546576","text":"with each other was one of the most deliriously awesome Grammy highlights\". Isabella Biedenharn of \"Entertainment Weekly\" graded the performance an \"A\" and praised Rihanna and West's vocals and the trio's wardrobe. According to TiVo, the performance was the fifth most-viewed segment of the night. On April 4, Rihanna performed at the Final Four of the March Madness 2015 which was held in Indianapolis, Indiana. During the performance, she sang a solo version of \"FourFiveSeconds\", as well as, her new songs \"Bitch Better Have My Money\" and \"American Oxygen\" among others. Canadian rapper Drake covered the song during his performance","title":"FourFiveSeconds"},{"id":"15431933","text":"four networks use a variation of the \"CBS College Basketball Theme\" during the tournament. Although CBS uses this arrangement for the tournament, they still use the arrangement that has been in use since 2004 during its regular season coverage. During all intros and outros into commercial breaks in the 2014 coverage, Spanish coverage Galavision used \"Fiesta\" by Chilean Singer Denise Rosenthal, all broadcasters used \"Shot At The Night\" by The Killers as the theme/bumper music. During select intros and into commercial breaks in the 2016 coverage, all broadcasters used \"Turn Up\" by The Heavy as the bumper music. For the","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"19369647","text":"TDE producer Sounwave has confirmed on Twitter that Egypt produced the second half of the track. On the chart dated March 26, 2016, \"Untitled 07 – 2014 - 2016\" entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 90, powered by first-week digital download sales of 21,806 copies. It is the fifth longest song to chart on the Hot 100. Kendrick Lamar performed the song at the NCAA March Madness Musical Festival in Houston on April 2, 2016. The song has been performed live at every show on the Damn tour. Untitled 07 – 2014 - 2016 \"Untitled 07 | 2014 -","title":"Untitled 07 – 2014 - 2016"},{"id":"15431920","text":"incidentally, jointly owns The CW with the CBS television network's corporate parent CBS Corporation). The new contract came amid serious consideration by the NCAA of expanding the tournament to 68 teams. The agreement, which runs through 2032 (extended from 2024 in 2016), stipulates that all games are available nationally. All First Four games air on truTV. During the first and second rounds, a featured game in each time \"window\" is broadcast terrestrially on CBS, while all other games are shown on TBS, TNT or TruTV. Sweet 16 (regional semifinal) and Elite 8 (regional finals) games are split among CBS and","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"15431925","text":"since 1982 that the official bracket unveiling has not aired on CBS. The Selection Show will now alternate between TBS and CBS with TBS airing the Selection Show in even numbered years, with CBS airing the Selection Show in odd numbered years. On April 16, 2016, the contract was extended to 2032 in an $8.8 billion deal. The current broadcasting arrangements, including alternating broadcasts of the semi-finals and final, will remain in force. Additionally, for 2014, truTV and TNT aired special \"Teamcast\" coverage of the Final Four alongside TBS's conventional coverage, which featured commentators and other guests representing the schools","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"15431924","text":"the Reese's College All-Star Game (held on the afternoon of the Final Four at its venue), and the Division II championship game, which are both aired as part of the \"March Madness\" package. In 2016, CBS extended the selection show to a two-hour format; however, the new special was criticized by viewers for being too padded, while the full bracket was leaked shortly into the broadcast. In 2017, the selection show was shortened to a 90-minute format. Beginning with 2018, the selection show will return to a two-hour format, but the special aired on TBS instead, marking the first time","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"15431917","text":"NCAA March Madness (TV program) NCAA March Madness is the branding used for coverage of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament that is jointly produced by CBS Sports, the sports division of the CBS television network, and Turner Sports, the sports division of the Turner Broadcasting System in the United States. Through the agreement between CBS and Turner, which began with the 2011 tournament, games are televised on CBS, TNT, TBS and truTV. CBS Sports Network has re-aired games from all networks. Initially, CBS continued to provide coverage during most rounds, with the three Turner channels covering much of","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"15431934","text":"2017 tournament, all broadcasts used Something Just Like This by American EDM group The Chainsmokers and British group Coldplay, as its bumper music. NCAA March Madness (TV program) NCAA March Madness is the branding used for coverage of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament that is jointly produced by CBS Sports, the sports division of the CBS television network, and Turner Sports, the sports division of the Turner Broadcasting System in the United States. Through the agreement between CBS and Turner, which began with the 2011 tournament, games are televised on CBS, TNT, TBS and truTV. CBS Sports Network","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"17611842","text":"the song live on \"Later... with Jools Holland\" on November 5, 2013, \"Jimmy Kimmel Live\" on November 12, and \"Ellen\" on November 15. They also performed the song live at the MTV Europe Music Awards on November 11, and on BBC Maida Vale Studio 4 on November 7. In 2014, the song was chosen as the 'musical backdrop' for Turner Sports' TV coverage of the NCAA March Madness basketball tournament. A special video was shot by the band at the Skywalk overlooking the Grand Canyon, with the video being shown in various lengths throughout the tournament. Shot at the Night","title":"Shot at the Night"},{"id":"12697757","text":"It was released on October 11, 2005 for the PlayStation 2 and the Xbox. Former North Carolina player Raymond Felton is featured on the cover. The soundtrack of NCAA March Madness 06 used college band versions of licensed songs. The songs used were \"Waiting\" by Not Forgotten, \"Still Running\" by Chevelle, \"Because of You\" by Nickelback, \"Bundy\" by Animal Alpha and \"Paralyzer\" by Finger Eleven. \"NCAA March Madness 07\" was the 2006 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on January 17, 2007 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360. Former Gonzaga player Adam Morrison is featured","title":"NCAA Basketball series"},{"id":"17512804","text":"that she \"couldn't care less about\" it. After a month of voting, on March 31, 2014, \"Billboard\" declared the song to be the winner of the 2014 Hot 100 March Madness and their favorite Top 5 single from the past year. It defeated songs like \"Holy Grail\" by Jay-Z & Justin Timberlake, \"Best Song Ever\" by One Direction, \"Applause\" by Lady Gaga, \"Timber\" by Pitbull & Kesha and finally \"Just Give Me a Reason\" by Pink and Nate Ruess. Before officially being serviced as a single, \"Wrecking Ball\" made a \"hot shot debut\" at number 50 on the U.S. \"Billboard\"","title":"Wrecking Ball (Miley Cyrus song)"},{"id":"16902372","text":"earlier in the season, when UCLA beat the Blazers 88-76 in the Bahamas back in November. Sam Vecenie a CBS writer, was quoted saying, \"Funny part of that story? It was the last-place game of the Battle 4 Atlantis tournament. Cool to see how these two teams have turned around their season.\" The year 2015 marked the fifth year of a 14-year partnership between CBS and Turner cable networks TBS, TNT, and truTV to cover the entire tournament under the \"NCAA March Madness\" banner. TBS aired the Final Four for the second consecutive year. Sources: For the second consecutive year,","title":"2015 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"1450944","text":"Common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The current year, 2018, is a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2007 and the next such year will be 2029, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1900, was also a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. See below for more. Any common","title":"Common year starting on Monday"},{"id":"12697748","text":"NCAA Basketball series The NCAA Basketball (formerly NCAA March Madness) series was a college basketball game which was published by EA Sports from 1998 until 2009. After EA Sports' rival publisher 2K Sports cancelled its own college basketball game, College Hoops, in 2008, EA changed the name of the series from \"NCAA March Madness\" to \"NCAA College Basketball\". The series was discontinued on February 10, 2010. It was released on PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Like other games based on NCAA sports, it could not feature the players' names (as that is against NCAA policy/rules), so","title":"NCAA Basketball series"},{"id":"15431918","text":"the early rounds up to the Sweet Sixteen. Starting in 2016, the regional finals, Final Four and national championship game began to alternate between CBS and TBS. TBS holds the rights to the final two rounds in even numbered years, with CBS getting the games in odd numbered years. This joint tournament coverage should be distinguished from CBS's regular-season coverage, which it produces independently through its sports division. Turner does not currently cover regular-season college basketball games. Games broadcast on all four networks use a variation of the longtime \"CBS College Basketball\" theme music. On April 22, 2010, the National","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"15431928","text":"began to air the preseason Coaches vs. Cancer Classic as part of a separate deal between Turner Sports and the National Association of Basketball Coaches. The same year that the CBS-Turner consortium took over, ESPN International acquired rights to the tournament for broadcast outside of the United States for networks such as TSN in Canada. While most of the coverage is simulcast from the main U.S. feeds, coverage of the Final Four and national championship game uses a separate world feed produced by the \"ESPN College Basketball\" staff; in 2013, the Final Four broadcasts on ESPN International were called by","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"12697756","text":"in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 23, 2004 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. Former Connecticut player, Former Charlotte Bobcats player, New Orleans Hornets player, Washington Wizards player, and New Orleans Pelicans player and current NBA free agent player Emeka Okafor was featured on the cover. The soundtrack of the game used college band versions of licensed songs. The songs used were \"Falling Apart\" by Zebrahead, \"Polyamorous\" by Breaking Benjamin, \"Get Steady\" by Jonny Lives, \"Little Sister\" by QOTSA, and others. \"NCAA March Madness 06\" was the 2005 installment in the NCAA March Madness series.","title":"NCAA Basketball series"},{"id":"17941182","text":"semifinals were the first since 2008 to both be decided by double-digit margins, and the combined 61-point margin broke a men's Final Four record set in 1949. The Wildcats' Championship run was the most dominant in NCAA Tournament history, with a total point differential of +124 (breaking the 2009 record set by the North Carolina Tar Heels of +121). CBS Sports and Turner Sports held joint U.S. television broadcast rights to the Tournament under the \"NCAA March Madness\" brand. Beginning in 2016, rights to the Final Four and championship game began to alternate between Turner and CBS, with Turner networks","title":"2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"11212079","text":"it to the finals of the National Invitation Tournament in 1939 and 1949 and qualified for 1962 and 1980 tournaments. They qualified for the College Basketball Invitational in 2015. Loyola Ramblers men's volleyball is coached by Loyola alumnus Shane Davis. His record through twelve seasons is 265–88 (). In 2013, the Ramblers were defeated by the UCI Anteaters 0–3 (24–26, 18–25, 27–29) in the first semifinal of the NCAA championships on May 2, 2013 at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion. This was the teams first appearance ever in an NCAA men's collegiate volleyball tournament. On May 3, 2014, Loyola, playing host to","title":"Loyola Ramblers"},{"id":"20263297","text":"Poll and ended up winning 22 games. The Ramblers were again invited to the NCAA Tournament, but their title defense ended in the regional semifinals. They appeared in two more NCAA Tournaments in the 1960s, but never advanced past the first round. The Ramblers made it to the Sweet Sixteen in 1985. After a 33-year drought, Loyola reached the tournament in 2018, advancing to the Final Four for the first time since 1963. The 1962–63 Ramblers are the only NCAA Division I men's basketball champions from the state of Illinois. 1963 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game The 1963 NCAA","title":"1963 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"12697759","text":"Cavaliers forward Kevin Love. NCAA Basketball 10 is a basketball video game developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. It was released November 17, 2009 on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Former University of Oklahoma and current Detroit Pistons forward Blake Griffin was featured on the cover. The \"NCAA Basketball\" series was discontinued after \"NCAA Basketball 10\". NCAA Basketball series The NCAA Basketball (formerly NCAA March Madness) series was a college basketball game which was published by EA Sports from 1998 until 2009. After EA Sports' rival publisher 2K Sports cancelled its own college basketball game, College Hoops,","title":"NCAA Basketball series"},{"id":"2753174","text":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of The Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has become one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"16828799","text":"that their first album is scheduled to be released in May 2014. 15&'s first album \"Sugar\" was released on May 26, 2014. They made their comeback on Mnet's M Countdown on May 29, 2014. They released the fourth single \"Love Is Madness\", featuring Kanto of Troy on February 8, 2015. The song found real-time digital success, reaching #1 and #2 positions on all seven major Korean charts. They performed the song for the first time along with other songs on February 14, 2015 for their Valentine's Day concert for singles. 15& 15& (, also known as Fifteen And) is a","title":"15&"},{"id":"15187259","text":"championship to qualify for the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament for the first time since 1985. The 11-seed Ramblers recorded four straight upset victories against the Miami Hurricanes, Tennessee Volunteers, Nevada Wolf Pack, and Kansas State Wildcats to advance to the Final Four. However, the Michigan Wolverines defeated Loyola in the Final Four. The publicity surrounding Loyola's tournament run generated an estimated $300 million in publicity for the school. In October 2018, the Loyola Ramblers Women's Soccer team won the Missouri Valley Conference regular season title with 6-1 win over Evansville. The win gave the Ramblers their first","title":"Loyola University Chicago"},{"id":"2829691","text":"The Heartland Conference will disband after the 2018–19 season, with seven of its nine members moving to the Lone Star Conference and the other two joining the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association. \"Source:\" \"Source:\" CBS Sports holds rights to the semi-final and final rounds of the Division II tournament, with the semi-final games broadcast on CBS Sports Network and the final on CBS (covered as part of the \"NCAA March Madness\" package). In 2015, CBS Sports reached a long-term deal to continue broadcasting the Division II men's semi-final on CBS Sports Network through 2024. NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament The","title":"NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"12697758","text":"on the cover. \"NCAA March Madness 08\" is the 2007 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on December 7, 2007 for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, and Xbox 360. Former University of Texas and current Golden State Warriors small forward Kevin Durant was featured on the cover. It was the first \"March Madness\" game available for the PlayStation 3. \"NCAA Basketball 09\" is the 2008 installment in the NCAA College Basketball series. It was released on November 17, 2008 for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, and Xbox 360. The cover featured former UCLA and current Cleveland","title":"NCAA Basketball series"},{"id":"10409773","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Dallas Desperados season"},{"id":"10409701","text":"3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:","title":"2007 Orlando Predators season"},{"id":"15431919","text":"Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) reached a 14-year agreement, worth US$10.8 billion, with CBS and the Turner Broadcasting System to receive joint broadcast rights to the Division I men's college basketball tournament. This came after speculation that ESPN would try to obtain the rights to future tournament games. The NCAA took advantage of an opt-out clause in its 1999 deal with CBS (which ran through 2013, even though the NCAA had the option of ending the agreement after the 2010 championship) to announce its intention to sign a new contract with CBS and Turner Sports, a division of Time Warner (which,","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"18241176","text":"to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Louisiana–Monroe. They defeated Louisiana–Monroe 2 games to 0 to become the CBI champions. The Loyola finished the season 10–22, 4–14 in MVC play to finish in last place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Missouri Valley Tournament where they lost to Indiana State. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\"| Regular season !colspan=12 style=\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37\"| Missouri Valley Conference regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\"| Missouri Valley Tournament !colspan=9 style=\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\"| College Basketball Invitational 2014–15 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2014–15 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I","title":"2014–15 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team"},{"id":"2017164","text":"basketball team, George Jefferson, died on June 21, 2005, due to a previously undiagnosed heart condition. In 2011, Saint Peter's won the MAAC tournament to make the Peacocks' first March Madness appearance since 1995. John Dunne was named the 14th head coach in Saint Peter’s College men’s basketball history on May 24, 2006. On November 25, 2007, the Peacocks defeated Rutgers University 65–58 at the Jersey City Armory. This victory was Saint Peter's first win against a Big East Conference opponent since defeating Seton Hall University at the Meadowlands in 1995. The Peacocks were the MAAC Men's Soccer Champions in","title":"Saint Peter's University"},{"id":"10409878","text":"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th","title":"2007 New York Dragons season"},{"id":"8225279","text":"as in the past; with the new rights deal, NCAA.com and the game streaming is now managed by Turner Interactive. The iPhone app which allowed streaming of games on the iPhone in previous years, and had cost about ten dollars, has received two upgrades: it is compatible with iPad, and it is now free of charge. However, with the CBS-Turner agreement allowing all games in the tournament to be available on a national basis (see above), Mega March Madness, a DirecTV-only service, has been discontinued. 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament","title":"2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"11719306","text":"history. Four of the five occurred during Westhead's career, including a record 331 in the 181–150 win over United States International University on January 31, 1989. The team's last appearance in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was in 1990, where they advanced to the Elite Eight. They would lose to eventual national champion UNLV. Prior to the tournament, Lions star player Hank Gathers died during the WCC conference tournament from a heart condition. LMU's current men's head coach is Mike Dunlap. The Lions won their first ever West Coast Conference title in 2004, going 24-6 (13-1) while beating","title":"Loyola Marymount Lions"},{"id":"19705540","text":"2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by sixth-year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 18–14, 8–10 in MVC play to finish in fifth place. They lost to Southern Illinois in the quarterfinals of the MVC Tournament. The Ramblers finished the 2015–16 season 15–17, 7–11 in Missouri Valley play to finish in eighth play. They defeated","title":"2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team"},{"id":"2753271","text":"to become the first ever #15 seed to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. The term was popularized as a result of City College of New York's successful run in the 1950 tournament. NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches,","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"18756457","text":"MVC play to finish in sixth place. They advanced to the semifinals of the Missouri Valley Tournament where they lost to Northern Iowa. They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Rider, Oral Roberts, and Seattle to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Louisiana–Monroe. They defeated Louisiana–Monroe 2 games to 0 to become the CBI champions. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\"| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\"| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\"| Missouri Valley regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\"| Missouri Valley Tournament 2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago","title":"2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team"},{"id":"10416126","text":"Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:","title":"2007 Utah Blaze season"},{"id":"20204676","text":"titled \"We'll Fall Together\", which ended up at number 12 on the iTunes pop chart. In 2016, Jones released a full-length album titled \"Pitch Imperfect\". Jones was also known for his a cappella videos of song covers, such as My Chemical Romance's \"Welcome to the Black Parade\", Panic! at the Disco's \"I Write Sins Not Tragedies\", and Fall Out Boy's \"Sugar We're Goin' Down\". He also covered every song from Twenty One Pilots' album \"Blurryface\", in an acapella medley. On May 10, 2015, the music website PupFresh reported that Austin Jones had contacted multiple underage female fans online, each time","title":"Austin Jones (musician)"},{"id":"12697751","text":"on the cover. \"NCAA March Madness 2000\" was the 1999 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 30, 1999 for the PlayStation. Former Maryland player Steve Francis is featured on the cover. \"NCAA March Madness 2001\" was the 2000 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on December 6, 2000 for the PlayStation. Former Cincinnati and NBA player Kenyon Martin is featured on the cover. \"NCAA March Madness 2002\" was the 2001 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on January 9, 2002 for the PlayStation 2. Former Duke","title":"NCAA Basketball series"},{"id":"10411020","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Nashville Kats season"},{"id":"1450947","text":"common years beginning on Monday. 2017 is year 10 of the cycle. Approximately 10.71% of all years are common years beginning on Monday. Common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The current year, 2018, is a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2007 and the next such year will be 2029, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian","title":"Common year starting on Monday"},{"id":"20955576","text":"also released an album with Comedy Central Records in 2014 titled \"Still Got It\", which was recorded at Comedy on State in Madison, Wisconsin. He has appeared on \"Conan\" six times, \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\", \"The Late Late Show with James Corden\", TruTv, \"Best Week Ever\", MTV, \"Last Comic Standing\" and \"@midnight\". He has had acting roles in \"Inside Amy Schumer\" and \"Horace and Pete\". In 2013, Normand won Carolines on Broadway's March Madness competition, beating out 63 other comedians. He was named \"The Village Voice\" \"Best Comedian of 2013\". In 2012,","title":"Mark Normand"},{"id":"712677","text":"Football\" and \"NCAA Basketball\" (formerly \"NCAA March Madness\") series. The NCAA's licensing was not required to produce the games, as rights to use teams are not licensed through the NCAA, but through entities such as individual schools and the Collegiate Licensing Company. EA only acquired the license so that it could officially incorporate the Division I Men's Basketball Tournament into its college basketball game series. The NCAA withdrew EA's license due to uncertainties surrounding a series of lawsuits, most notably \"O'Bannon v. NCAA\", involving the use of player likenesses in college sports video games. The week-long program took place October","title":"National Collegiate Athletic Association"},{"id":"15431921","text":"TBS. In 2014 and 2015, Turner channels had exclusive rights to the Final Four (with standard coverage airing on TBS), and CBS broadcast the championship game. Since 2016, rights to the Final Four and championship game alternate between Turner and CBS; the 2016 tournament marked the first time that the national championship game was not broadcast on over-the-air television. The same number of \"windows\" are provided to CBS as before, although unlike with the previous schedule where all games in a window started within 10 minutes of each other, resulting in the possibility of multiple close games ending at once,","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"2122935","text":"Common year starting on Wednesday A common year starting on Wednesday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Wednesday, 1 January, and ends on Wednesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is E. The most recent year of such kind was 2014, and the next one will be 2025 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2015 and 2026 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1800, was also a common year starting on Wednesday in the Gregorian calendar, see below for more. Any common year that starts on Wednesday, Friday or Saturday has","title":"Common year starting on Wednesday"},{"id":"18756456","text":"2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by fifth year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena and were members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 15–17, 7–11 in Missouri Valley play to finish in eighth place. They defeated Bradley in the first round of the Missouri Valley Tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Wichita State. The Ramblers finished the season 24–13, 8–10 in","title":"2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team"},{"id":"20413316","text":"2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by seventh-year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois. They were members of the Missouri Valley Conference. With a win against Evansville on February 18, 2018, Loyola clinched at least a share of its first-ever Missouri Valley Conference regular season championship. With a win over Southern Illinois on February 21, the Ramblers clinched the outright MVC championship. The Ramblers defeated Northern","title":"2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team"},{"id":"3139121","text":"Central Arkansas highlighted in red. The Missouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Championship is often referred to as Arch Madness, in reference to the Gateway Arch at the tournament's present location of St. Louis, Missouri, and a play on \"March Madness\". NB: Missouri State was known as Southwest Missouri State until August 2005. School – Number – NCAA Championships NCAA Championships as of March, 2013 Football poll, Helms and AIAW titles are not included in the NCAA Championship count. \"Sources:\" The Valley is well known for having some of the most dedicated fanbases in all of college basketball, with several members","title":"Missouri Valley Conference"},{"id":"3164132","text":"in 2016 entered into contracts with Fox and ESPN that pay the conference $2.64 billion over six years. The NCAA also holds certain TV contracts. For example, the NCAA’s contract to show the men’s basketball championship tournament (widely known as March Madness) is currently under a 14-year deal with CBS and Turner that runs from 2010 to 2024 and pays $11 billion. For the 2014–15 fiscal year, the conferences that earned the most revenues (and that distributed the most revenues to each of their member schools) were: The NCAA has limits on the total financial aid each Division I member","title":"NCAA Division I"},{"id":"13660209","text":"be reopened on June 4th, 2015. A new plaque design will be revealed along with the induction of artists Jack White and Loretta Lynn. Honorees are inducted twice annually, in the spring and fall. November 2006 inductees: April 2007 inductees: November 2007 inductees: April 2008 inductees: November 2008, inductees: April 2009 inductees: November 2009 inductees: November 2010 inductees: May 2011 inductees: October 2011 inductee: November 2011 inductees: June 2012 inductees: September 2012 inductees: June 2015 inductees: September 2015 inductees: October 2015 inductees: May 2016 inductees: October 2016 inductees: April 2017 inductees: September 2017 inductees: October 2017 inductee: August 2018 inductees:","title":"Music City Walk of Fame"},{"id":"5632570","text":"United States on 21 January 2005. It was released in France the next week, on 26 January, where it earned a 4-star rating from AlloCiné, and was beaten at the box office only by \"The Aviator\" during its opening week. The original French version was released in the Canadian province of Québec. Subsequently, an English-language version was released in the rest of North America on 24 June 2005, drawing praise from most critics who found it both informative and charming. It has received a 94% \"fresh\" rating with the consensus \"Only the hardened soul won't be moved by this heartwarming","title":"March of the Penguins"},{"id":"18226403","text":"spent ten weeks in the top ten and was certified triple platinum. It peaked at number 13 in New Zealand and was certified gold there. The song also reached number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Dance Club Chart and 49 on the Swedish charts. It reached platinum certification in Sweden. \"Come Home with Me\" was released as the second single on 8 August 2014. It peaked at number 13 and was certified gold. \"Mama Ain't Proud\" (featuring 2 Chainz) was released as the third single on 17 October 2014 and peaked at number 17 and achieved gold certification. \"Linger\" (featuring Lupe","title":"Madness (Guy Sebastian album)"},{"id":"19918108","text":"The album's lead single, \"Rockstar\" featuring 21 Savage, was released for digital download on September 15, 2017. It was later sent to rhythmic and contemporary hit radio on September 26, 2017. The song peaked at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Post Malone and 21 Savage's first number-one song. The album's second single, \"Candy Paint\", was released on October 20, 2017. The song peaked at number 34 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The album's third single, \"Psycho\" featuring Ty Dolla Sign, was released for digital download on February 23, 2018. It was later sent to rhythmic","title":"Beerbongs & Bentleys"},{"id":"20490958","text":"of the album's sound and style, by stating. On March 15, 2018, the album's artwork and release date was revealed through the rapper's Instagram story. The album's lead single, \"Slingshot\" was released on April 2, 2017. The JP-directed music video was originally released on June 21, 2017, however it was re-uploaded on November 22, 2017. The album's second single, \"Betrayed\" was released for streaming and digital download on July 20, 2017. The Cole Bennett-directed music video was released on August 28, 2017. The music video has reached over 195 million views on YouTube. The album's third single, \"Far\" was released","title":"Total Xanarchy"},{"id":"20413319","text":"opponent since a February 15, 2009 win over No. 15 Butler and the first against a top 5 team since a December 22, 1984 victory over No. 4 Illinois. !colspan=9 style=|Exhibition !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley Tournament !colspan=9 style=| NCAA Tournament 2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by seventh-year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois. They","title":"2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team"},{"id":"14636691","text":"Tournament. Loyola's 1963 NCAA title was historic not only for the racial makeup of Loyola's team, but also due to the fact that Cincinnati had started three black players, making seven of the 10 starters in the 1963 NCAA Championship game black. The Ramblers have appeared in six NCAA Tournaments. Their combined record is 13–5. They were National Champions in 1963. On March 24, 2018, the Ramblers defeated Kansas State 78–62 to advance to play in their second Final Four in school history. The Ramblers have appeared in four National Invitation Tournaments. Their combined record is 6–4. The Ramblers have","title":"Loyola Ramblers men's basketball"},{"id":"18433746","text":"Sports had U.S. television rights to the Tournament under the \"NCAA March Madness\" brand. As part of a cycle beginning in 2016, TBS held the rights to the Final Four and to the championship game. Additionally, TBS held the rights to the 2018 Selection Show, which returned to a two-hour format, was presented in front of a studio audience, and promoted that the entire field of the tournament would be unveiled within the first ten minutes of the broadcast. The broadcast was heavily criticized for its quality (including technical problems and an embedded product placement segment for Pizza Hut), as","title":"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"2135932","text":"Common year starting on Thursday A common year starting on Thursday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Thursday, 1 January, and ends on Thursday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is D. The most recent year of such kind was 2015 and the next one will be 2026 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2010 and 2021 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. This common year contains the most Friday the 13ths; specifically, the months of February, March, and November. Leap years starting on Sunday share this characteristic. From February","title":"Common year starting on Thursday"},{"id":"3403276","text":"Cougars' last-second loss in the final was an iconic moment in the history of \"March Madness\" that helped to establish the NCAA Basketball Tournament as a major television event. The CBS broadcast of the 1983 Final between Houston and NC State drew 18.6 million households and the Houston-Louisville national semifinal attracted 14.8 million, both ratings records at the time for national final and semifinal games. The Phi Slama Jama era at Houston was a focal point for an ESPN \"30 for 30\" documentary of the same name. Directed by Chip Rives, the film premiered on October 18, 2016 and featured","title":"Phi Slama Jama"},{"id":"20567588","text":"Em Ave It\" became his first top 40 entry, charting at number 35 on the UK Albums Chart. It spawned four singles – \"Slow Songs\", \"Don't Go There\", \"Look What the Cat Dragged In\" and \"Hustle On\". Two of the four singles peaked in the top 100. In October 2013, Giggs' third studio album was released, \"When Will It Stop?\". The album peaked at number 21 on the UK Albums Chart, becoming Giggs' highest-charting release at the time. In August 2016, Giggs released his fourth studio album, \"Landlord\", becoming his most successful release to date. It entered and peaked at","title":"Giggs discography"},{"id":"5107467","text":"World Wrestling Entertainment has hosted matches at the UD Arena since the 1980s. The University of Dayton holds its graduation ceremonies at the arena. UD Arena University of Dayton Arena (commonly known as UD Arena) is a 13,435-seat multi-purpose arena located in Dayton, Ohio. The arena opened in 1969. It is home to the University of Dayton Flyers basketball teams. Since 2001, it has been the birthplace of \"March Madness.\" From 2001 to 2010, the facility hosted the annual \"play-in\" game in the NCAA men's basketball tournament (officially the \"opening round\" game) which featured the teams rated 64th and 65th","title":"UD Arena"},{"id":"1613836","text":"include Barbara Broccoli, producer of James Bond films since 1990, James Wong, creator of \"American Horror Story\", Brian Helgeland, writer/director of the Jackie Robinson biopic \"42\", Francis Lawrence, director of 3 of \"The Hunger Games\" films, and David Mirkin, an executive producer and showrunner for \"The Simpsons\". Loyola Law School's Frank Gehry-designed campus is in the Pico-Union neighborhood west of downtown Los Angeles and is separate from the Westchester main university campus. \"U.S. News & World Report\" ranked Loyola Law School 56th in its \"America's Best Graduate Schools 2010\" feature. Loyola was ranked 21st overall in the annual 2009 \"Judging","title":"Loyola Marymount University"},{"id":"18295932","text":"high as #41 in the \"Billboard\" Dance Club Songs chart. Their 2014 EP \"Golden\" reached number 44 on the \"Billboard\" Top Heatseekers album chart. \"Feeling Electric\" is featured on EA Sports game, \"FIFA 16\", as its title song. The game was released worldwide on September 25, 2015. In June 2017, the band released their single \"Touch\", before a second one, \"Victorious\", in September 2017. In January 2018, they released a third new single, \"Tidal Waves.\" These three singles plus new songs \"Human Condition\" and \"Inside My Head\" were included on the EP \"Human Condition - Pt. 1\", released in May","title":"Parade of Lights"},{"id":"17498046","text":"the second round before losing in the third round to UCLA. The team has been regarded in the national media as the biggest \"cinderella\" team in the NCAA March Madness tournament. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#5F259F; color:#FFFFFF;\"| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\"background:#5F259F; color:#FFFFFF;\"| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#5F259F; color:#FFFFFF;\"| Southland Tournament !colspan=9 style=\"background:#5F259F; color:#FFFFFF;\"| NCAA Tournament 2013–14 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball team The 2013–14 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball team represented Stephen F. Austin University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Lumberjacks were led by new head coach Brad Underwood and played their home games at the William R. Johnson Coliseum.","title":"2013–14 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball team"},{"id":"20929108","text":"2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represents Loyola University Chicago during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by seventh-year head coach Porter Moser, play their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Missouri Valley Conference. The Ramblers finished the 2017–18 season 32–6, 15–3 in MVC play with a win against Evansville on February 18, 2018, Loyola clinched at least a share of its first-ever Missouri Valley Conference regular season championship. With a win over Southern Illinois on February 21,","title":"2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team"},{"id":"2753262","text":"March Madness is also a registered trademark currently owned exclusively by the NCAA. H. V. Porter, an official with the Illinois High School Association (and later a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame), was the first person to use March Madness to describe a basketball tournament. Porter published an essay named \"March Madness\" during 1939, and during 1942, he used the phrase in a poem, \"Basketball Ides of March\". Through the years the use of March Madness was increased, especially in Illinois, Indiana, and other parts of the Midwest. During this period the term was used almost exclusively in","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"15431927","text":"CBS prefers having a singular broadcast feed, the Team Stream feature will not be used during any year that CBS holds the rights for the Final Four. Prior to 2011, Turner Sports' best known association with college basketball perhaps occurred on December 11, 1982, when TBS (with the aid of more than 100 independent network affiliates and stations) broadcast a contest between Virginia and Georgetown (led by Ralph Sampson and Patrick Ewing respectively). The game in question (in which TBS paid approximately US$600,000 for the broadcasting rights) was called by Skip Caray and Abe Lemons. Beginning in 2012, TruTV also","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"2753177","text":"Four\" round. The Final Four is usually played during the first weekend of April. These four teams, one from each region (East, South, Midwest, and West), compete in a preselected location for the national championship. The tournament has been at least partially televised since 1969. Currently, the games are broadcast by CBS, TBS, TNT, and truTV under the trade-name \"NCAA March Madness\". Since 2011, all games are available for viewing nationwide and internationally. As television coverage has grown, so too has the tournament's popularity. Currently, millions of Americans fill out a bracket, attempting to correctly predict the outcome of 63","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"20235231","text":"2017, Lionsgate acquired the US distribution rights to the film, and would release it through its subsidiary Summit Entertainment. Principal photography on the film began on July 17, 2017 in Vancouver. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 77%, based on 13 reviews garnered at its Venice premiere. Dragged Across Concrete Dragged Across Concrete is a 2018 American crime thriller film written and directed by S. Craig Zahler. The film stars Mel Gibson, Vince Vaughn, Tory Kittles, Michael Jai White, Jennifer Carpenter, and Laurie Holden. It was scheduled to premiere at the 75th Venice International","title":"Dragged Across Concrete"},{"id":"20741998","text":"Humility (song) \"Humility\" is a single by English virtual band Gorillaz featuring American jazz guitarist George Benson. It was released on 31 May 2018 along with \"Lake Zurich\" as the first single from their sixth studio album, \"The Now Now\". On 12 July 2018, two remixes of the song by Superorganism and DJ Koze were released. It charted in a total of 8 countries reaching number 85 on the US Billboard Hot 100, with its highest position in any chart being number 7 in Billboard's Hot Rock Songs. The song was first announced on 30 May 2018 when Zane Lowe","title":"Humility (song)"},{"id":"15431930","text":"originates from the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City, and the Turner Sports studio in Atlanta, where many of the studio shows for the latter division's coverage of the National Basketball Association and Major League Baseball emanate from.<ref name=\"CBS/Turner talent\"></ref> CBS's college basketball studio host Greg Gumbel and \"Inside the NBA\" host Ernie Johnson, Jr. split hosting duties in the New York studio while Turner Sports's Casey Stern hosts in the Atlanta studio. Johnson's colleagues on \"Inside the NBA\", Charles Barkley and Kenny Smith, join CBS analyst Clark Kellogg in the studio in New York City while Stern is","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"12697750","text":"on their games and returned to work alongside Johnson for CBS-branded games in \"NCAA Basketball 10\", while Vitale and Nessler joined the series at the same time. \"NCAA March Madness 98\" was the 1998 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on February 28, 1998 for the PlayStation. Former Wake Forest player and retired San Antonio Spurs player Tim Duncan is featured on the cover. \"NCAA March Madness 99\" was the 1999 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 30, 1998 for the PlayStation. Former North Carolina player Antawn Jamison is featured","title":"NCAA Basketball series"},{"id":"19705541","text":"Bradley in the first round of the Missouri Valley Tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Wichita State. !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley Tournament 2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by sixth-year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 18–14, 8–10 in MVC","title":"2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team"},{"id":"14587883","text":"Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball The Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball team represents Loyola Marymount University in men’s college basketball. The team currently competes in the West Coast Conference. The team has played its home game at Gersten Pavilion since 1981. Loyola Marymount'’s last appearance in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was in 1990, where they advanced to the Elite Eight. They lost to eventual national champion UNLV. Prior to the NCAA Tournament, Lions star player Hank Gathers died during the West Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament from a heart condition. The Lions defeated New Mexico State, defending","title":"Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball"},{"id":"19768785","text":"appear on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. One of his most successful singles \"Silence\", featuring R&B singer Khalid, was released by RCA Records on August 11, 2017. It charted in the Top 10 of more than fifteen countries such as Germany, Sweden and Norway, and was certified multi-platinum in countries such as Australia, Canada and Sweden. Following that, another of his most successful career singles, a collaboration with pop singer Selena Gomez titled \"Wolves\", topped the charts in Latvia, Poland and Hungary, and the \"Billboard\" Dance/Electronic Songs chart. It was also his highest-charting \"Billboard\" Hot 100 song in 2017. His first","title":"Marshmello discography"},{"id":"12697752","text":"player and former Miami Heat player Shane Battier is featured on the cover. \"NCAA March Madness 2003\" was the 2002 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 26, 2002 for the PlayStation 2. Former Kansas Jayhawk player Drew Gooden was featured on the cover. The game's cover shows deformities within the artwork. \"NCAA March Madness 2004\" was the 2003 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 11, 2003 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. Former Syracuse player and current Small Forward for the Houston Rockets, Carmelo Anthony was featured on","title":"NCAA Basketball series"},{"id":"18657700","text":"Utah Patrice Kurnath Connors, visiting assisting professor for the department of biological sciences at Southern Illinois University Danielle Lee, and associate professor and curator of mammals at the Texas A&M University Jessica Light. Two other educators were added to tweet about genetics, genomics, and the phylogeny of the various mammals participating. This includes Anne Stone of the School of Human Evolution and Social Change, and Melissa Wilson-Sayres from the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University. The bracket itself is modeled after the NCAA championship, including an Elite Eight and a Final Four. The bracket is divided into four","title":"March Mammal Madness"},{"id":"11212078","text":"national tournament again until 1985, in which they lost to eventual tournament runner-up Georgetown in the Sweet Sixteen. In 2018, the Ramblers returned to the tournament for the first time in 33 years. As a No. 11 seed, they upset No. 6 seed Miami (FL) and No. 3 seed Tennessee to qualify for the Sweet Sixteen. They faced Nevada in the Regional Semifinal and defeated the Wolf Pack 69-68 to advance to the Elite 8 against Kansas State. They advanced to the Final Four by beating Kansas State 78-62. In the Final Four, they lost to Michigan 69-57. Loyola made","title":"Loyola Ramblers"},{"id":"17941185","text":"the brackets in a little more timely manner\". Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the entire tournament. The games were streamed on the NCAA March Madness Live website and app, with streams for Turner games also available on the Bleacher Report website and Team Stream app, and CBS games available on the CBS Sports website and app. Games on TBS were available on Watch TBS app. Games on TNT were made available on Watch TNT app. Games on TruTV were available on Watch TruTV app. Westwood One's radio broadcasts, including a \"National Mix\" channel consisting of whip-around coverage during","title":"2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"5841371","text":"song for the final season of \"Last Comic Standing\" as well as many appearances on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\", \"The Late Late Show\" and \"Last Call with Carson Daly\"'. He has guest-starred on numerous television shows and he voiced Wallow in \"Random! Cartoons\" and the singing Prince in \"The Princess and the Pea\". His newest album \"The Wedding Album\" was released in 2015 and includes collaborations with Nicole Scherzinger, Rob Thomas, Bridget Everett, Nuno Bettencourt and TRAIN. In March 2017, AT&T announced that Finnerty would appear in advertisements for DIRECTV during March Madness, co-starring with","title":"Dan Finnerty"},{"id":"20929110","text":"time since 1963. Their Cinderella run ended with loss to Michigan in the national semifinal. !colspan=9 style=|Exhibition !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley Tournament Source 2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represents Loyola University Chicago during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by seventh-year head coach Porter Moser, play their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Missouri Valley Conference. The Ramblers finished the 2017–18 season 32–6, 15–3 in MVC","title":"2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team"},{"id":"15431922","text":"the start times of games are staggered, with action lasting later in the night and fewer simultaneous games than in the previous format. As a result of the new deal, Mega March Madness, a pay-per-view out-of-market sports package covering games in the tournament, was discontinued. \"March Madness On Demand\" (now called \"March Madness Live\") remained unchanged, with Turner Interactive taking over management of both that service and NCAA.com at the start of 2011. The contract was expected to be signed after a review by the NCAA Board of Directors. In 2012, the service was changed; only games televised by CBS","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"18260972","text":"song spent 21 weeks in the top ten of the chart before falling 10-12 on the chart issue dated June 27, 2015. This marks the longest time the band has spent in the top ten of the chart, along with \"Moves Like Jagger\" and \"One More Night\" (2012), which also spent 21 weeks in the top ten. As of August 2015, it has sold 3.3 million copies in the United States. In 2014, film director David Dobkin was in Rome, Italy, for the premiere of his film, \"The Judge\". During his stay there, he received an e-mail from Levine asking","title":"Sugar (Maroon 5 song)"},{"id":"6193833","text":"April 8, 2014 and is produced by David Garcia and Ben Glover. Singles from this album include the pre-release single \"Shake\", and post-release singles \"Greater\" and \"Dear Younger Me\". \"Lifer\", MercyMe's ninth studio album, was released on March 31, 2017, with the lead single off the album being \"Even If\", which was released on February 17, 2017. It samples the chorus of the hymn \"It Is Well with My Soul.\" The song reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Christian Songs chart for three weeks, becoming their twelfth number one single. It also charted on the Bubbling Under Hot 100","title":"MercyMe"},{"id":"18411913","text":"under the \"NCAA March Madness\" brand. As part of a cycle beginning in 2016, CBS held rights to the Final Four and championship game. As CBS did not want its audience to be diffused across multiple outlets, there were no localized \"Team Stream\" telecasts of the Final Four or championship games on Turner channels as in previous years. Following criticism of the two-hour format of the 2016 edition, the Selection Sunday broadcast was shortened to 90 minutes. CBS Sports executive Harold Bryant promised that the unveiling of the bracket would be conducted in an \"efficient\" manner, and leave more time","title":"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"18657709","text":"represents are linked separately. Mammals who did not advance to round two: lemming, snow monkey, caribou, snowshoe hare, Antarctic fur seal, stoat, vicuña, Siberian chipmunk, Haverford black squirrel, Schoolcraft College Ocelots, Santa Clara bronco, Penn State mountain lions, Lethbridge pronghorn, Naval Academy goat, Texas A&M javelina, Yale bulldog, Thor hero shrew, giant cloud rat, giant elephant shrew, giant otter shrew, greater dwarf lemur, giant armadillo, giant flying squirrel, giant mole rat, shrew of the water, viscacha of the mountain, rabbit of the volcano, pocket gopher of the mountain, dog of the prairie, baby of the bush, cat of the sand,","title":"March Mammal Madness"},{"id":"16737849","text":"charge was dropped. Released: September 15, 1999 Released: July 20, 2000 Released: July 23, 2002 Released: February 4, 2003 Released: October 19, 2004 Released: July 26, 2005 Released: September 19, 2005 Released: May 2, 2006 Released: March 20, 2007 Released: July 4, 2007 Released: August 26, 2008 Released: September 2, 2008 Released: February 9, 2009 Released: March 29, 2009 Released: May 12, 2009 Released: July 21, 2009 Released: May 15, 2010 Released: November 30, 2010 Released: December 3, 2011 Released: November 19, 2013 Released: April 8, 2014 Released: February 2, 2016 Released: December 31, 2004 Released: February 10, 2006 Released:","title":"Haystak"},{"id":"2135935","text":"on Thursday. Common year starting on Thursday A common year starting on Thursday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Thursday, 1 January, and ends on Thursday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is D. The most recent year of such kind was 2015 and the next one will be 2026 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2010 and 2021 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. This common year contains the most Friday the 13ths; specifically, the months of February, March, and November. Leap years starting on Sunday share this characteristic.","title":"Common year starting on Thursday"},{"id":"20121852","text":"St. Peters. On April 7, 2017 the interim tag was lifted, and Richey became the 22nd head coach in Furman history. After defeating two teams that had reached the final four of the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament (Loyola and defending national champion Villanova), Richey led the Paladins to their first ever 6-0 start. After a 10-0 record, the 2018–19 Furman team, became ranked in the AP Poll for the first time in school history, they went on to be ranked for 3 consecutive weeks. Richey went on to lead the Paladins to their best start in school","title":"Bob Richey"},{"id":"2753261","text":"largest was done by a partnership between Quicken Loans and Berkshire Hathaway, which was backed by Warren Buffett, with a $1 billion prize to any person(s) who could correctly predict the outcome of the 2014 tournament. No one was able to complete the challenge and win the $1 billion prize. As indicated below, none of these phrases are \"exclusively\" used in regard to the NCAA tournament. Nonetheless, they are associated widely with the tournament, sometimes for legal reasons, sometimes just because it's become part of the American sports vernacular. March Madness is a popular on-ending basketball tournaments played in March.","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"19343994","text":"first in which they won the CCAA regular-season title; they also won the CCAA Tournament and were again NCAA West Region runners-up. The team won the CCAA Tournament again in 2017–18, but dropped in the NCAA West Regional quarterfinals. The Tritons have the most CCAA Tournament titles of any current CCAA member school, with three. Triton basketball will transition to NCAA Division I and the Big West Conference in 2020. They will not be eligible to participate in March Madness until the reclassification period ends in 2024. UC San Diego Tritons men's basketball The UC San Diego Tritons men's basketball","title":"UC San Diego Tritons men's basketball"},{"id":"4442733","text":"Brent Musburger Brent Woody Musburger (born May 26, 1939) is an American sportscaster, currently the lead broadcaster and managing editor at Vegas Stats and Information Network (VSiN) and radio play-by-play voice for the Oakland Raiders. With CBS Sports from 1973 until 1990, he was one of the original members of their program \"The NFL Today\" and is crediting with coining the phrase \"March Madness\" to describe the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament while covering the Final Four. While at CBS, Musburger also covered the Super Bowl, NBA Finals, the World Series, U.S. Open tennis, and The Masters. Joining ESPN","title":"Brent Musburger"},{"id":"7357700","text":"which defined March Madness. The Spectrum in Philadelphia hosted its second Final Four, both of which were won by Indiana. New Orleans hosted is second regional, the first at the Superdome and first in the city since 1942. This also marked only the second year ever to feature a domed stadium, and a NFL stadium; only four times since (1983, 1985, 1994 and 2018) has the tournament not included any NFL stadiums, and only in 1985 did it not include any domes at all. Two cities, Austin and El Paso, hosted Tournament games for the first time; it would be","title":"1981 NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"15431931","text":"joined by NBA TV’s Steve Smith, CBS Sports Network’s Wally Szczerbiak, and CBS's Seth Davis in Atlanta. During the first five years of the TV deal, all games used Turner Sports graphics. Games on CBS simply used the CBS logo on Turner's graphics package, including the Final Four and National Championship Game. With CBS Sports unveiling a new graphics package at Super Bowl 50 in February 2016, the new CBS graphics were used for March Madness as well. Despite this being the first year that the Final Four and National Championship aired on TBS (as part of an every-other-year arrangement),","title":"NCAA March Madness (TV program)"},{"id":"18657701","text":"divisions, which change yearly. The 64 animals are chosen and put into the various divisions based on their characteristics. In the 2015 bracket, the chosen divisions were Mighty Mini Mammals, Mythical Mammals, Critically Endangered Mammals, and Sexy Beasts. Mammals such as the dwarf mongoose and the Java mouse-deer were chosen for the Mighty Mini Mammals, while legendary beasts such as Ratatoskr and the Yeti battled it out in the Mythical Mammals. The mammals compete against others in their division, eventually working their way down to the Final Four (one from each division), and finally the championship. The battles are decided","title":"March Mammal Madness"},{"id":"4363633","text":"2015, TSN announced that Peterson will join their broadcast team as an analyst. For the network's package of Toronto Raptors games, Peterson joined TSN's broadcast team of Jack Armstrong, Leo Rautins, Matt Devlin, and Rod Black both in the TSN Studio and on-site at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. Peterson will also deliver analysis for SportsCentre and appear throughout the network's expanded NCAA coverage, including TSN's wall-to-wall coverage of NCAA March Madness. As of 2017, Peterson is no longer an analyst on TSN. On January 23rd 2018 Peterson opened \"MoPetes Sports Retreat\" in a partnership with Viktor Palushaj,","title":"Morris Peterson"},{"id":"13833731","text":"and Philips Arena, in the week leading up to the Final Four. March Madness studio analyst Charles Barkley and Dick Vitale were among the guests who appeared. The year 2013 marked the third year of a 14-year partnership between CBS and Turner cable networks TBS, TNT and truTV to cover the entire tournament under the \"NCAA March Madness\" banner. CBS aired the Final Four and championship rounds for the 32nd consecutive year. The tournament was considered a ratings success. Tournament games averaged 10.7 million viewers, and the championship game garnered an average of 23.4 million viewers and a peak viewership","title":"2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"19402774\",\n \"text\": \"March Madness (song) \\\"March Madness\\\" is a song recorded by American rapper Future. It was released on August 31, 2015, as the lead single of his mixtape \\\"56 Nights\\\" (2015). The song was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on May 26, 2017, for selling over 1,000,000 digital copies in the United States. The song premiered online on March 16, 2015. Future released the mixtape \\\"56 Nights\\\" on March 21, 2015. \\\"March Madness\\\" became available for digital download on iTunes on August 31, 2015. A remix was released featuring a new verse by American rapper Nas.\",\n \"title\": \"March Madness (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19402775\",\n \"text\": \"A music video for the track premiered on March 31, 2015. It was directed by Vincent Lou. March Madness (song) \\\"March Madness\\\" is a song recorded by American rapper Future. It was released on August 31, 2015, as the lead single of his mixtape \\\"56 Nights\\\" (2015). The song was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on May 26, 2017, for selling over 1,000,000 digital copies in the United States. The song premiered online on March 16, 2015. Future released the mixtape \\\"56 Nights\\\" on March 21, 2015. \\\"March Madness\\\" became available for digital download on\",\n \"title\": \"March Madness (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18546576\",\n \"text\": \"with each other was one of the most deliriously awesome Grammy highlights\\\". Isabella Biedenharn of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" graded the performance an \\\"A\\\" and praised Rihanna and West's vocals and the trio's wardrobe. According to TiVo, the performance was the fifth most-viewed segment of the night. On April 4, Rihanna performed at the Final Four of the March Madness 2015 which was held in Indianapolis, Indiana. During the performance, she sang a solo version of \\\"FourFiveSeconds\\\", as well as, her new songs \\\"Bitch Better Have My Money\\\" and \\\"American Oxygen\\\" among others. Canadian rapper Drake covered the song during his performance\",\n \"title\": \"FourFiveSeconds\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431933\",\n \"text\": \"four networks use a variation of the \\\"CBS College Basketball Theme\\\" during the tournament. Although CBS uses this arrangement for the tournament, they still use the arrangement that has been in use since 2004 during its regular season coverage. During all intros and outros into commercial breaks in the 2014 coverage, Spanish coverage Galavision used \\\"Fiesta\\\" by Chilean Singer Denise Rosenthal, all broadcasters used \\\"Shot At The Night\\\" by The Killers as the theme/bumper music. During select intros and into commercial breaks in the 2016 coverage, all broadcasters used \\\"Turn Up\\\" by The Heavy as the bumper music. For the\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19369647\",\n \"text\": \"TDE producer Sounwave has confirmed on Twitter that Egypt produced the second half of the track. On the chart dated March 26, 2016, \\\"Untitled 07 – 2014 - 2016\\\" entered the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 at number 90, powered by first-week digital download sales of 21,806 copies. It is the fifth longest song to chart on the Hot 100. Kendrick Lamar performed the song at the NCAA March Madness Musical Festival in Houston on April 2, 2016. The song has been performed live at every show on the Damn tour. Untitled 07 – 2014 - 2016 \\\"Untitled 07 | 2014 -\",\n \"title\": \"Untitled 07 – 2014 - 2016\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431920\",\n \"text\": \"incidentally, jointly owns The CW with the CBS television network's corporate parent CBS Corporation). The new contract came amid serious consideration by the NCAA of expanding the tournament to 68 teams. The agreement, which runs through 2032 (extended from 2024 in 2016), stipulates that all games are available nationally. All First Four games air on truTV. During the first and second rounds, a featured game in each time \\\"window\\\" is broadcast terrestrially on CBS, while all other games are shown on TBS, TNT or TruTV. Sweet 16 (regional semifinal) and Elite 8 (regional finals) games are split among CBS and\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431925\",\n \"text\": \"since 1982 that the official bracket unveiling has not aired on CBS. The Selection Show will now alternate between TBS and CBS with TBS airing the Selection Show in even numbered years, with CBS airing the Selection Show in odd numbered years. On April 16, 2016, the contract was extended to 2032 in an $8.8 billion deal. The current broadcasting arrangements, including alternating broadcasts of the semi-finals and final, will remain in force. Additionally, for 2014, truTV and TNT aired special \\\"Teamcast\\\" coverage of the Final Four alongside TBS's conventional coverage, which featured commentators and other guests representing the schools\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431924\",\n \"text\": \"the Reese's College All-Star Game (held on the afternoon of the Final Four at its venue), and the Division II championship game, which are both aired as part of the \\\"March Madness\\\" package. In 2016, CBS extended the selection show to a two-hour format; however, the new special was criticized by viewers for being too padded, while the full bracket was leaked shortly into the broadcast. In 2017, the selection show was shortened to a 90-minute format. Beginning with 2018, the selection show will return to a two-hour format, but the special aired on TBS instead, marking the first time\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431917\",\n \"text\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program) NCAA March Madness is the branding used for coverage of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament that is jointly produced by CBS Sports, the sports division of the CBS television network, and Turner Sports, the sports division of the Turner Broadcasting System in the United States. Through the agreement between CBS and Turner, which began with the 2011 tournament, games are televised on CBS, TNT, TBS and truTV. CBS Sports Network has re-aired games from all networks. Initially, CBS continued to provide coverage during most rounds, with the three Turner channels covering much of\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431934\",\n \"text\": \"2017 tournament, all broadcasts used Something Just Like This by American EDM group The Chainsmokers and British group Coldplay, as its bumper music. NCAA March Madness (TV program) NCAA March Madness is the branding used for coverage of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament that is jointly produced by CBS Sports, the sports division of the CBS television network, and Turner Sports, the sports division of the Turner Broadcasting System in the United States. Through the agreement between CBS and Turner, which began with the 2011 tournament, games are televised on CBS, TNT, TBS and truTV. CBS Sports Network\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17611842\",\n \"text\": \"the song live on \\\"Later... with Jools Holland\\\" on November 5, 2013, \\\"Jimmy Kimmel Live\\\" on November 12, and \\\"Ellen\\\" on November 15. They also performed the song live at the MTV Europe Music Awards on November 11, and on BBC Maida Vale Studio 4 on November 7. In 2014, the song was chosen as the 'musical backdrop' for Turner Sports' TV coverage of the NCAA March Madness basketball tournament. A special video was shot by the band at the Skywalk overlooking the Grand Canyon, with the video being shown in various lengths throughout the tournament. Shot at the Night\",\n \"title\": \"Shot at the Night\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12697757\",\n \"text\": \"It was released on October 11, 2005 for the PlayStation 2 and the Xbox. Former North Carolina player Raymond Felton is featured on the cover. The soundtrack of NCAA March Madness 06 used college band versions of licensed songs. The songs used were \\\"Waiting\\\" by Not Forgotten, \\\"Still Running\\\" by Chevelle, \\\"Because of You\\\" by Nickelback, \\\"Bundy\\\" by Animal Alpha and \\\"Paralyzer\\\" by Finger Eleven. \\\"NCAA March Madness 07\\\" was the 2006 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on January 17, 2007 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360. Former Gonzaga player Adam Morrison is featured\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Basketball series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17512804\",\n \"text\": \"that she \\\"couldn't care less about\\\" it. After a month of voting, on March 31, 2014, \\\"Billboard\\\" declared the song to be the winner of the 2014 Hot 100 March Madness and their favorite Top 5 single from the past year. It defeated songs like \\\"Holy Grail\\\" by Jay-Z & Justin Timberlake, \\\"Best Song Ever\\\" by One Direction, \\\"Applause\\\" by Lady Gaga, \\\"Timber\\\" by Pitbull & Kesha and finally \\\"Just Give Me a Reason\\\" by Pink and Nate Ruess. Before officially being serviced as a single, \\\"Wrecking Ball\\\" made a \\\"hot shot debut\\\" at number 50 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Wrecking Ball (Miley Cyrus song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16902372\",\n \"text\": \"earlier in the season, when UCLA beat the Blazers 88-76 in the Bahamas back in November. Sam Vecenie a CBS writer, was quoted saying, \\\"Funny part of that story? It was the last-place game of the Battle 4 Atlantis tournament. Cool to see how these two teams have turned around their season.\\\" The year 2015 marked the fifth year of a 14-year partnership between CBS and Turner cable networks TBS, TNT, and truTV to cover the entire tournament under the \\\"NCAA March Madness\\\" banner. TBS aired the Final Four for the second consecutive year. Sources: For the second consecutive year,\",\n \"title\": \"2015 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1450944\",\n \"text\": \"Common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The current year, 2018, is a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2007 and the next such year will be 2029, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1900, was also a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. See below for more. Any common\",\n \"title\": \"Common year starting on Monday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12697748\",\n \"text\": \"NCAA Basketball series The NCAA Basketball (formerly NCAA March Madness) series was a college basketball game which was published by EA Sports from 1998 until 2009. After EA Sports' rival publisher 2K Sports cancelled its own college basketball game, College Hoops, in 2008, EA changed the name of the series from \\\"NCAA March Madness\\\" to \\\"NCAA College Basketball\\\". The series was discontinued on February 10, 2010. It was released on PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Like other games based on NCAA sports, it could not feature the players' names (as that is against NCAA policy/rules), so\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Basketball series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431918\",\n \"text\": \"the early rounds up to the Sweet Sixteen. Starting in 2016, the regional finals, Final Four and national championship game began to alternate between CBS and TBS. TBS holds the rights to the final two rounds in even numbered years, with CBS getting the games in odd numbered years. This joint tournament coverage should be distinguished from CBS's regular-season coverage, which it produces independently through its sports division. Turner does not currently cover regular-season college basketball games. Games broadcast on all four networks use a variation of the longtime \\\"CBS College Basketball\\\" theme music. On April 22, 2010, the National\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431928\",\n \"text\": \"began to air the preseason Coaches vs. Cancer Classic as part of a separate deal between Turner Sports and the National Association of Basketball Coaches. The same year that the CBS-Turner consortium took over, ESPN International acquired rights to the tournament for broadcast outside of the United States for networks such as TSN in Canada. While most of the coverage is simulcast from the main U.S. feeds, coverage of the Final Four and national championship game uses a separate world feed produced by the \\\"ESPN College Basketball\\\" staff; in 2013, the Final Four broadcasts on ESPN International were called by\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12697756\",\n \"text\": \"in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 23, 2004 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. Former Connecticut player, Former Charlotte Bobcats player, New Orleans Hornets player, Washington Wizards player, and New Orleans Pelicans player and current NBA free agent player Emeka Okafor was featured on the cover. The soundtrack of the game used college band versions of licensed songs. The songs used were \\\"Falling Apart\\\" by Zebrahead, \\\"Polyamorous\\\" by Breaking Benjamin, \\\"Get Steady\\\" by Jonny Lives, \\\"Little Sister\\\" by QOTSA, and others. \\\"NCAA March Madness 06\\\" was the 2005 installment in the NCAA March Madness series.\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Basketball series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17941182\",\n \"text\": \"semifinals were the first since 2008 to both be decided by double-digit margins, and the combined 61-point margin broke a men's Final Four record set in 1949. The Wildcats' Championship run was the most dominant in NCAA Tournament history, with a total point differential of +124 (breaking the 2009 record set by the North Carolina Tar Heels of +121). CBS Sports and Turner Sports held joint U.S. television broadcast rights to the Tournament under the \\\"NCAA March Madness\\\" brand. Beginning in 2016, rights to the Final Four and championship game began to alternate between Turner and CBS, with Turner networks\",\n \"title\": \"2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11212079\",\n \"text\": \"it to the finals of the National Invitation Tournament in 1939 and 1949 and qualified for 1962 and 1980 tournaments. They qualified for the College Basketball Invitational in 2015. Loyola Ramblers men's volleyball is coached by Loyola alumnus Shane Davis. His record through twelve seasons is 265–88 (). In 2013, the Ramblers were defeated by the UCI Anteaters 0–3 (24–26, 18–25, 27–29) in the first semifinal of the NCAA championships on May 2, 2013 at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion. This was the teams first appearance ever in an NCAA men's collegiate volleyball tournament. On May 3, 2014, Loyola, playing host to\",\n \"title\": \"Loyola Ramblers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20263297\",\n \"text\": \"Poll and ended up winning 22 games. The Ramblers were again invited to the NCAA Tournament, but their title defense ended in the regional semifinals. They appeared in two more NCAA Tournaments in the 1960s, but never advanced past the first round. The Ramblers made it to the Sweet Sixteen in 1985. After a 33-year drought, Loyola reached the tournament in 2018, advancing to the Final Four for the first time since 1963. The 1962–63 Ramblers are the only NCAA Division I men's basketball champions from the state of Illinois. 1963 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game The 1963 NCAA\",\n \"title\": \"1963 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12697759\",\n \"text\": \"Cavaliers forward Kevin Love. NCAA Basketball 10 is a basketball video game developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. It was released November 17, 2009 on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Former University of Oklahoma and current Detroit Pistons forward Blake Griffin was featured on the cover. The \\\"NCAA Basketball\\\" series was discontinued after \\\"NCAA Basketball 10\\\". NCAA Basketball series The NCAA Basketball (formerly NCAA March Madness) series was a college basketball game which was published by EA Sports from 1998 until 2009. After EA Sports' rival publisher 2K Sports cancelled its own college basketball game, College Hoops,\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Basketball series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753174\",\n \"text\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of The Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has become one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16828799\",\n \"text\": \"that their first album is scheduled to be released in May 2014. 15&'s first album \\\"Sugar\\\" was released on May 26, 2014. They made their comeback on Mnet's M Countdown on May 29, 2014. They released the fourth single \\\"Love Is Madness\\\", featuring Kanto of Troy on February 8, 2015. The song found real-time digital success, reaching #1 and #2 positions on all seven major Korean charts. They performed the song for the first time along with other songs on February 14, 2015 for their Valentine's Day concert for singles. 15& 15& (, also known as Fifteen And) is a\",\n \"title\": \"15&\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15187259\",\n \"text\": \"championship to qualify for the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament for the first time since 1985. The 11-seed Ramblers recorded four straight upset victories against the Miami Hurricanes, Tennessee Volunteers, Nevada Wolf Pack, and Kansas State Wildcats to advance to the Final Four. However, the Michigan Wolverines defeated Loyola in the Final Four. The publicity surrounding Loyola's tournament run generated an estimated $300 million in publicity for the school. In October 2018, the Loyola Ramblers Women's Soccer team won the Missouri Valley Conference regular season title with 6-1 win over Evansville. The win gave the Ramblers their first\",\n \"title\": \"Loyola University Chicago\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2829691\",\n \"text\": \"The Heartland Conference will disband after the 2018–19 season, with seven of its nine members moving to the Lone Star Conference and the other two joining the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association. \\\"Source:\\\" \\\"Source:\\\" CBS Sports holds rights to the semi-final and final rounds of the Division II tournament, with the semi-final games broadcast on CBS Sports Network and the final on CBS (covered as part of the \\\"NCAA March Madness\\\" package). In 2015, CBS Sports reached a long-term deal to continue broadcasting the Division II men's semi-final on CBS Sports Network through 2024. NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament The\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12697758\",\n \"text\": \"on the cover. \\\"NCAA March Madness 08\\\" is the 2007 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on December 7, 2007 for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, and Xbox 360. Former University of Texas and current Golden State Warriors small forward Kevin Durant was featured on the cover. It was the first \\\"March Madness\\\" game available for the PlayStation 3. \\\"NCAA Basketball 09\\\" is the 2008 installment in the NCAA College Basketball series. It was released on November 17, 2008 for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, and Xbox 360. The cover featured former UCLA and current Cleveland\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Basketball series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409773\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Dallas Desperados season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409701\",\n \"text\": \"3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Orlando Predators season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431919\",\n \"text\": \"Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) reached a 14-year agreement, worth US$10.8 billion, with CBS and the Turner Broadcasting System to receive joint broadcast rights to the Division I men's college basketball tournament. This came after speculation that ESPN would try to obtain the rights to future tournament games. The NCAA took advantage of an opt-out clause in its 1999 deal with CBS (which ran through 2013, even though the NCAA had the option of ending the agreement after the 2010 championship) to announce its intention to sign a new contract with CBS and Turner Sports, a division of Time Warner (which,\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18241176\",\n \"text\": \"to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Louisiana–Monroe. They defeated Louisiana–Monroe 2 games to 0 to become the CBI champions. The Loyola finished the season 10–22, 4–14 in MVC play to finish in last place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Missouri Valley Tournament where they lost to Indiana State. !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\\\"| Regular season !colspan=12 style=\\\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37\\\"| Missouri Valley Conference regular season !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\\\"| Missouri Valley Tournament !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\\\"| College Basketball Invitational 2014–15 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2014–15 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I\",\n \"title\": \"2014–15 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2017164\",\n \"text\": \"basketball team, George Jefferson, died on June 21, 2005, due to a previously undiagnosed heart condition. In 2011, Saint Peter's won the MAAC tournament to make the Peacocks' first March Madness appearance since 1995. John Dunne was named the 14th head coach in Saint Peter’s College men’s basketball history on May 24, 2006. On November 25, 2007, the Peacocks defeated Rutgers University 65–58 at the Jersey City Armory. This victory was Saint Peter's first win against a Big East Conference opponent since defeating Seton Hall University at the Meadowlands in 1995. The Peacocks were the MAAC Men's Soccer Champions in\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Peter's University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409878\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th\",\n \"title\": \"2007 New York Dragons season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8225279\",\n \"text\": \"as in the past; with the new rights deal, NCAA.com and the game streaming is now managed by Turner Interactive. The iPhone app which allowed streaming of games on the iPhone in previous years, and had cost about ten dollars, has received two upgrades: it is compatible with iPad, and it is now free of charge. However, with the CBS-Turner agreement allowing all games in the tournament to be available on a national basis (see above), Mega March Madness, a DirecTV-only service, has been discontinued. 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\",\n \"title\": \"2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11719306\",\n \"text\": \"history. Four of the five occurred during Westhead's career, including a record 331 in the 181–150 win over United States International University on January 31, 1989. The team's last appearance in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was in 1990, where they advanced to the Elite Eight. They would lose to eventual national champion UNLV. Prior to the tournament, Lions star player Hank Gathers died during the WCC conference tournament from a heart condition. LMU's current men's head coach is Mike Dunlap. The Lions won their first ever West Coast Conference title in 2004, going 24-6 (13-1) while beating\",\n \"title\": \"Loyola Marymount Lions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19705540\",\n \"text\": \"2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by sixth-year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 18–14, 8–10 in MVC play to finish in fifth place. They lost to Southern Illinois in the quarterfinals of the MVC Tournament. The Ramblers finished the 2015–16 season 15–17, 7–11 in Missouri Valley play to finish in eighth play. They defeated\",\n \"title\": \"2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753271\",\n \"text\": \"to become the first ever #15 seed to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. The term was popularized as a result of City College of New York's successful run in the 1950 tournament. NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches,\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18756457\",\n \"text\": \"MVC play to finish in sixth place. They advanced to the semifinals of the Missouri Valley Tournament where they lost to Northern Iowa. They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Rider, Oral Roberts, and Seattle to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Louisiana–Monroe. They defeated Louisiana–Monroe 2 games to 0 to become the CBI champions. !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\\\"| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\\\"| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\\\"| Missouri Valley regular season !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#800000; color:#D4AF37;\\\"| Missouri Valley Tournament 2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago\",\n \"title\": \"2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10416126\",\n \"text\": \"Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Utah Blaze season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20204676\",\n \"text\": \"titled \\\"We'll Fall Together\\\", which ended up at number 12 on the iTunes pop chart. In 2016, Jones released a full-length album titled \\\"Pitch Imperfect\\\". Jones was also known for his a cappella videos of song covers, such as My Chemical Romance's \\\"Welcome to the Black Parade\\\", Panic! at the Disco's \\\"I Write Sins Not Tragedies\\\", and Fall Out Boy's \\\"Sugar We're Goin' Down\\\". He also covered every song from Twenty One Pilots' album \\\"Blurryface\\\", in an acapella medley. On May 10, 2015, the music website PupFresh reported that Austin Jones had contacted multiple underage female fans online, each time\",\n \"title\": \"Austin Jones (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12697751\",\n \"text\": \"on the cover. \\\"NCAA March Madness 2000\\\" was the 1999 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 30, 1999 for the PlayStation. Former Maryland player Steve Francis is featured on the cover. \\\"NCAA March Madness 2001\\\" was the 2000 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on December 6, 2000 for the PlayStation. Former Cincinnati and NBA player Kenyon Martin is featured on the cover. \\\"NCAA March Madness 2002\\\" was the 2001 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on January 9, 2002 for the PlayStation 2. Former Duke\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Basketball series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10411020\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Nashville Kats season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1450947\",\n \"text\": \"common years beginning on Monday. 2017 is year 10 of the cycle. Approximately 10.71% of all years are common years beginning on Monday. Common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The current year, 2018, is a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2007 and the next such year will be 2029, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian\",\n \"title\": \"Common year starting on Monday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20955576\",\n \"text\": \"also released an album with Comedy Central Records in 2014 titled \\\"Still Got It\\\", which was recorded at Comedy on State in Madison, Wisconsin. He has appeared on \\\"Conan\\\" six times, \\\"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\\\", \\\"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\\\", \\\"The Late Late Show with James Corden\\\", TruTv, \\\"Best Week Ever\\\", MTV, \\\"Last Comic Standing\\\" and \\\"@midnight\\\". He has had acting roles in \\\"Inside Amy Schumer\\\" and \\\"Horace and Pete\\\". In 2013, Normand won Carolines on Broadway's March Madness competition, beating out 63 other comedians. He was named \\\"The Village Voice\\\" \\\"Best Comedian of 2013\\\". In 2012,\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Normand\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"712677\",\n \"text\": \"Football\\\" and \\\"NCAA Basketball\\\" (formerly \\\"NCAA March Madness\\\") series. The NCAA's licensing was not required to produce the games, as rights to use teams are not licensed through the NCAA, but through entities such as individual schools and the Collegiate Licensing Company. EA only acquired the license so that it could officially incorporate the Division I Men's Basketball Tournament into its college basketball game series. The NCAA withdrew EA's license due to uncertainties surrounding a series of lawsuits, most notably \\\"O'Bannon v. NCAA\\\", involving the use of player likenesses in college sports video games. The week-long program took place October\",\n \"title\": \"National Collegiate Athletic Association\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431921\",\n \"text\": \"TBS. In 2014 and 2015, Turner channels had exclusive rights to the Final Four (with standard coverage airing on TBS), and CBS broadcast the championship game. Since 2016, rights to the Final Four and championship game alternate between Turner and CBS; the 2016 tournament marked the first time that the national championship game was not broadcast on over-the-air television. The same number of \\\"windows\\\" are provided to CBS as before, although unlike with the previous schedule where all games in a window started within 10 minutes of each other, resulting in the possibility of multiple close games ending at once,\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2122935\",\n \"text\": \"Common year starting on Wednesday A common year starting on Wednesday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Wednesday, 1 January, and ends on Wednesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is E. The most recent year of such kind was 2014, and the next one will be 2025 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2015 and 2026 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1800, was also a common year starting on Wednesday in the Gregorian calendar, see below for more. Any common year that starts on Wednesday, Friday or Saturday has\",\n \"title\": \"Common year starting on Wednesday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18756456\",\n \"text\": \"2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by fifth year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena and were members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 15–17, 7–11 in Missouri Valley play to finish in eighth place. They defeated Bradley in the first round of the Missouri Valley Tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Wichita State. The Ramblers finished the season 24–13, 8–10 in\",\n \"title\": \"2015–16 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20413316\",\n \"text\": \"2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by seventh-year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois. They were members of the Missouri Valley Conference. With a win against Evansville on February 18, 2018, Loyola clinched at least a share of its first-ever Missouri Valley Conference regular season championship. With a win over Southern Illinois on February 21, the Ramblers clinched the outright MVC championship. The Ramblers defeated Northern\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3139121\",\n \"text\": \"Central Arkansas highlighted in red. The Missouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Championship is often referred to as Arch Madness, in reference to the Gateway Arch at the tournament's present location of St. Louis, Missouri, and a play on \\\"March Madness\\\". NB: Missouri State was known as Southwest Missouri State until August 2005. School – Number – NCAA Championships NCAA Championships as of March, 2013 Football poll, Helms and AIAW titles are not included in the NCAA Championship count. \\\"Sources:\\\" The Valley is well known for having some of the most dedicated fanbases in all of college basketball, with several members\",\n \"title\": \"Missouri Valley Conference\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3164132\",\n \"text\": \"in 2016 entered into contracts with Fox and ESPN that pay the conference $2.64 billion over six years. The NCAA also holds certain TV contracts. For example, the NCAA’s contract to show the men’s basketball championship tournament (widely known as March Madness) is currently under a 14-year deal with CBS and Turner that runs from 2010 to 2024 and pays $11 billion. For the 2014–15 fiscal year, the conferences that earned the most revenues (and that distributed the most revenues to each of their member schools) were: The NCAA has limits on the total financial aid each Division I member\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13660209\",\n \"text\": \"be reopened on June 4th, 2015. A new plaque design will be revealed along with the induction of artists Jack White and Loretta Lynn. Honorees are inducted twice annually, in the spring and fall. November 2006 inductees: April 2007 inductees: November 2007 inductees: April 2008 inductees: November 2008, inductees: April 2009 inductees: November 2009 inductees: November 2010 inductees: May 2011 inductees: October 2011 inductee: November 2011 inductees: June 2012 inductees: September 2012 inductees: June 2015 inductees: September 2015 inductees: October 2015 inductees: May 2016 inductees: October 2016 inductees: April 2017 inductees: September 2017 inductees: October 2017 inductee: August 2018 inductees:\",\n \"title\": \"Music City Walk of Fame\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5632570\",\n \"text\": \"United States on 21 January 2005. It was released in France the next week, on 26 January, where it earned a 4-star rating from AlloCiné, and was beaten at the box office only by \\\"The Aviator\\\" during its opening week. The original French version was released in the Canadian province of Québec. Subsequently, an English-language version was released in the rest of North America on 24 June 2005, drawing praise from most critics who found it both informative and charming. It has received a 94% \\\"fresh\\\" rating with the consensus \\\"Only the hardened soul won't be moved by this heartwarming\",\n \"title\": \"March of the Penguins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18226403\",\n \"text\": \"spent ten weeks in the top ten and was certified triple platinum. It peaked at number 13 in New Zealand and was certified gold there. The song also reached number 20 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Dance Club Chart and 49 on the Swedish charts. It reached platinum certification in Sweden. \\\"Come Home with Me\\\" was released as the second single on 8 August 2014. It peaked at number 13 and was certified gold. \\\"Mama Ain't Proud\\\" (featuring 2 Chainz) was released as the third single on 17 October 2014 and peaked at number 17 and achieved gold certification. \\\"Linger\\\" (featuring Lupe\",\n \"title\": \"Madness (Guy Sebastian album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19918108\",\n \"text\": \"The album's lead single, \\\"Rockstar\\\" featuring 21 Savage, was released for digital download on September 15, 2017. It was later sent to rhythmic and contemporary hit radio on September 26, 2017. The song peaked at number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, becoming Post Malone and 21 Savage's first number-one song. The album's second single, \\\"Candy Paint\\\", was released on October 20, 2017. The song peaked at number 34 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. The album's third single, \\\"Psycho\\\" featuring Ty Dolla Sign, was released for digital download on February 23, 2018. It was later sent to rhythmic\",\n \"title\": \"Beerbongs & Bentleys\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20490958\",\n \"text\": \"of the album's sound and style, by stating. On March 15, 2018, the album's artwork and release date was revealed through the rapper's Instagram story. The album's lead single, \\\"Slingshot\\\" was released on April 2, 2017. The JP-directed music video was originally released on June 21, 2017, however it was re-uploaded on November 22, 2017. The album's second single, \\\"Betrayed\\\" was released for streaming and digital download on July 20, 2017. The Cole Bennett-directed music video was released on August 28, 2017. The music video has reached over 195 million views on YouTube. The album's third single, \\\"Far\\\" was released\",\n \"title\": \"Total Xanarchy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20413319\",\n \"text\": \"opponent since a February 15, 2009 win over No. 15 Butler and the first against a top 5 team since a December 22, 1984 victory over No. 4 Illinois. !colspan=9 style=|Exhibition !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley Tournament !colspan=9 style=| NCAA Tournament 2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by seventh-year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois. They\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14636691\",\n \"text\": \"Tournament. Loyola's 1963 NCAA title was historic not only for the racial makeup of Loyola's team, but also due to the fact that Cincinnati had started three black players, making seven of the 10 starters in the 1963 NCAA Championship game black. The Ramblers have appeared in six NCAA Tournaments. Their combined record is 13–5. They were National Champions in 1963. On March 24, 2018, the Ramblers defeated Kansas State 78–62 to advance to play in their second Final Four in school history. The Ramblers have appeared in four National Invitation Tournaments. Their combined record is 6–4. The Ramblers have\",\n \"title\": \"Loyola Ramblers men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18433746\",\n \"text\": \"Sports had U.S. television rights to the Tournament under the \\\"NCAA March Madness\\\" brand. As part of a cycle beginning in 2016, TBS held the rights to the Final Four and to the championship game. Additionally, TBS held the rights to the 2018 Selection Show, which returned to a two-hour format, was presented in front of a studio audience, and promoted that the entire field of the tournament would be unveiled within the first ten minutes of the broadcast. The broadcast was heavily criticized for its quality (including technical problems and an embedded product placement segment for Pizza Hut), as\",\n \"title\": \"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2135932\",\n \"text\": \"Common year starting on Thursday A common year starting on Thursday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Thursday, 1 January, and ends on Thursday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is D. The most recent year of such kind was 2015 and the next one will be 2026 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2010 and 2021 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. This common year contains the most Friday the 13ths; specifically, the months of February, March, and November. Leap years starting on Sunday share this characteristic. From February\",\n \"title\": \"Common year starting on Thursday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3403276\",\n \"text\": \"Cougars' last-second loss in the final was an iconic moment in the history of \\\"March Madness\\\" that helped to establish the NCAA Basketball Tournament as a major television event. The CBS broadcast of the 1983 Final between Houston and NC State drew 18.6 million households and the Houston-Louisville national semifinal attracted 14.8 million, both ratings records at the time for national final and semifinal games. The Phi Slama Jama era at Houston was a focal point for an ESPN \\\"30 for 30\\\" documentary of the same name. Directed by Chip Rives, the film premiered on October 18, 2016 and featured\",\n \"title\": \"Phi Slama Jama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20567588\",\n \"text\": \"Em Ave It\\\" became his first top 40 entry, charting at number 35 on the UK Albums Chart. It spawned four singles – \\\"Slow Songs\\\", \\\"Don't Go There\\\", \\\"Look What the Cat Dragged In\\\" and \\\"Hustle On\\\". Two of the four singles peaked in the top 100. In October 2013, Giggs' third studio album was released, \\\"When Will It Stop?\\\". The album peaked at number 21 on the UK Albums Chart, becoming Giggs' highest-charting release at the time. In August 2016, Giggs released his fourth studio album, \\\"Landlord\\\", becoming his most successful release to date. It entered and peaked at\",\n \"title\": \"Giggs discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5107467\",\n \"text\": \"World Wrestling Entertainment has hosted matches at the UD Arena since the 1980s. The University of Dayton holds its graduation ceremonies at the arena. UD Arena University of Dayton Arena (commonly known as UD Arena) is a 13,435-seat multi-purpose arena located in Dayton, Ohio. The arena opened in 1969. It is home to the University of Dayton Flyers basketball teams. Since 2001, it has been the birthplace of \\\"March Madness.\\\" From 2001 to 2010, the facility hosted the annual \\\"play-in\\\" game in the NCAA men's basketball tournament (officially the \\\"opening round\\\" game) which featured the teams rated 64th and 65th\",\n \"title\": \"UD Arena\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1613836\",\n \"text\": \"include Barbara Broccoli, producer of James Bond films since 1990, James Wong, creator of \\\"American Horror Story\\\", Brian Helgeland, writer/director of the Jackie Robinson biopic \\\"42\\\", Francis Lawrence, director of 3 of \\\"The Hunger Games\\\" films, and David Mirkin, an executive producer and showrunner for \\\"The Simpsons\\\". Loyola Law School's Frank Gehry-designed campus is in the Pico-Union neighborhood west of downtown Los Angeles and is separate from the Westchester main university campus. \\\"U.S. News & World Report\\\" ranked Loyola Law School 56th in its \\\"America's Best Graduate Schools 2010\\\" feature. Loyola was ranked 21st overall in the annual 2009 \\\"Judging\",\n \"title\": \"Loyola Marymount University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18295932\",\n \"text\": \"high as #41 in the \\\"Billboard\\\" Dance Club Songs chart. Their 2014 EP \\\"Golden\\\" reached number 44 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Heatseekers album chart. \\\"Feeling Electric\\\" is featured on EA Sports game, \\\"FIFA 16\\\", as its title song. The game was released worldwide on September 25, 2015. In June 2017, the band released their single \\\"Touch\\\", before a second one, \\\"Victorious\\\", in September 2017. In January 2018, they released a third new single, \\\"Tidal Waves.\\\" These three singles plus new songs \\\"Human Condition\\\" and \\\"Inside My Head\\\" were included on the EP \\\"Human Condition - Pt. 1\\\", released in May\",\n \"title\": \"Parade of Lights\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17498046\",\n \"text\": \"the second round before losing in the third round to UCLA. The team has been regarded in the national media as the biggest \\\"cinderella\\\" team in the NCAA March Madness tournament. !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#5F259F; color:#FFFFFF;\\\"| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#5F259F; color:#FFFFFF;\\\"| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#5F259F; color:#FFFFFF;\\\"| Southland Tournament !colspan=9 style=\\\"background:#5F259F; color:#FFFFFF;\\\"| NCAA Tournament 2013–14 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball team The 2013–14 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball team represented Stephen F. Austin University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Lumberjacks were led by new head coach Brad Underwood and played their home games at the William R. Johnson Coliseum.\",\n \"title\": \"2013–14 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20929108\",\n \"text\": \"2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represents Loyola University Chicago during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by seventh-year head coach Porter Moser, play their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Missouri Valley Conference. The Ramblers finished the 2017–18 season 32–6, 15–3 in MVC play with a win against Evansville on February 18, 2018, Loyola clinched at least a share of its first-ever Missouri Valley Conference regular season championship. With a win over Southern Illinois on February 21,\",\n \"title\": \"2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753262\",\n \"text\": \"March Madness is also a registered trademark currently owned exclusively by the NCAA. H. V. Porter, an official with the Illinois High School Association (and later a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame), was the first person to use March Madness to describe a basketball tournament. Porter published an essay named \\\"March Madness\\\" during 1939, and during 1942, he used the phrase in a poem, \\\"Basketball Ides of March\\\". Through the years the use of March Madness was increased, especially in Illinois, Indiana, and other parts of the Midwest. During this period the term was used almost exclusively in\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431927\",\n \"text\": \"CBS prefers having a singular broadcast feed, the Team Stream feature will not be used during any year that CBS holds the rights for the Final Four. Prior to 2011, Turner Sports' best known association with college basketball perhaps occurred on December 11, 1982, when TBS (with the aid of more than 100 independent network affiliates and stations) broadcast a contest between Virginia and Georgetown (led by Ralph Sampson and Patrick Ewing respectively). The game in question (in which TBS paid approximately US$600,000 for the broadcasting rights) was called by Skip Caray and Abe Lemons. Beginning in 2012, TruTV also\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753177\",\n \"text\": \"Four\\\" round. The Final Four is usually played during the first weekend of April. These four teams, one from each region (East, South, Midwest, and West), compete in a preselected location for the national championship. The tournament has been at least partially televised since 1969. Currently, the games are broadcast by CBS, TBS, TNT, and truTV under the trade-name \\\"NCAA March Madness\\\". Since 2011, all games are available for viewing nationwide and internationally. As television coverage has grown, so too has the tournament's popularity. Currently, millions of Americans fill out a bracket, attempting to correctly predict the outcome of 63\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20235231\",\n \"text\": \"2017, Lionsgate acquired the US distribution rights to the film, and would release it through its subsidiary Summit Entertainment. Principal photography on the film began on July 17, 2017 in Vancouver. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 77%, based on 13 reviews garnered at its Venice premiere. Dragged Across Concrete Dragged Across Concrete is a 2018 American crime thriller film written and directed by S. Craig Zahler. The film stars Mel Gibson, Vince Vaughn, Tory Kittles, Michael Jai White, Jennifer Carpenter, and Laurie Holden. It was scheduled to premiere at the 75th Venice International\",\n \"title\": \"Dragged Across Concrete\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20741998\",\n \"text\": \"Humility (song) \\\"Humility\\\" is a single by English virtual band Gorillaz featuring American jazz guitarist George Benson. It was released on 31 May 2018 along with \\\"Lake Zurich\\\" as the first single from their sixth studio album, \\\"The Now Now\\\". On 12 July 2018, two remixes of the song by Superorganism and DJ Koze were released. It charted in a total of 8 countries reaching number 85 on the US Billboard Hot 100, with its highest position in any chart being number 7 in Billboard's Hot Rock Songs. The song was first announced on 30 May 2018 when Zane Lowe\",\n \"title\": \"Humility (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431930\",\n \"text\": \"originates from the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City, and the Turner Sports studio in Atlanta, where many of the studio shows for the latter division's coverage of the National Basketball Association and Major League Baseball emanate from.<ref name=\\\"CBS/Turner talent\\\"></ref> CBS's college basketball studio host Greg Gumbel and \\\"Inside the NBA\\\" host Ernie Johnson, Jr. split hosting duties in the New York studio while Turner Sports's Casey Stern hosts in the Atlanta studio. Johnson's colleagues on \\\"Inside the NBA\\\", Charles Barkley and Kenny Smith, join CBS analyst Clark Kellogg in the studio in New York City while Stern is\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12697750\",\n \"text\": \"on their games and returned to work alongside Johnson for CBS-branded games in \\\"NCAA Basketball 10\\\", while Vitale and Nessler joined the series at the same time. \\\"NCAA March Madness 98\\\" was the 1998 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on February 28, 1998 for the PlayStation. Former Wake Forest player and retired San Antonio Spurs player Tim Duncan is featured on the cover. \\\"NCAA March Madness 99\\\" was the 1999 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 30, 1998 for the PlayStation. Former North Carolina player Antawn Jamison is featured\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Basketball series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19705541\",\n \"text\": \"Bradley in the first round of the Missouri Valley Tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Wichita State. !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley Tournament 2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by sixth-year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 18–14, 8–10 in MVC\",\n \"title\": \"2016–17 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14587883\",\n \"text\": \"Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball The Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball team represents Loyola Marymount University in men’s college basketball. The team currently competes in the West Coast Conference. The team has played its home game at Gersten Pavilion since 1981. Loyola Marymount'’s last appearance in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was in 1990, where they advanced to the Elite Eight. They lost to eventual national champion UNLV. Prior to the NCAA Tournament, Lions star player Hank Gathers died during the West Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament from a heart condition. The Lions defeated New Mexico State, defending\",\n \"title\": \"Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19768785\",\n \"text\": \"appear on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. One of his most successful singles \\\"Silence\\\", featuring R&B singer Khalid, was released by RCA Records on August 11, 2017. It charted in the Top 10 of more than fifteen countries such as Germany, Sweden and Norway, and was certified multi-platinum in countries such as Australia, Canada and Sweden. Following that, another of his most successful career singles, a collaboration with pop singer Selena Gomez titled \\\"Wolves\\\", topped the charts in Latvia, Poland and Hungary, and the \\\"Billboard\\\" Dance/Electronic Songs chart. It was also his highest-charting \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 song in 2017. His first\",\n \"title\": \"Marshmello discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12697752\",\n \"text\": \"player and former Miami Heat player Shane Battier is featured on the cover. \\\"NCAA March Madness 2003\\\" was the 2002 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 26, 2002 for the PlayStation 2. Former Kansas Jayhawk player Drew Gooden was featured on the cover. The game's cover shows deformities within the artwork. \\\"NCAA March Madness 2004\\\" was the 2003 installment in the NCAA March Madness series. It was released on November 11, 2003 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. Former Syracuse player and current Small Forward for the Houston Rockets, Carmelo Anthony was featured on\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Basketball series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18657700\",\n \"text\": \"Utah Patrice Kurnath Connors, visiting assisting professor for the department of biological sciences at Southern Illinois University Danielle Lee, and associate professor and curator of mammals at the Texas A&M University Jessica Light. Two other educators were added to tweet about genetics, genomics, and the phylogeny of the various mammals participating. This includes Anne Stone of the School of Human Evolution and Social Change, and Melissa Wilson-Sayres from the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University. The bracket itself is modeled after the NCAA championship, including an Elite Eight and a Final Four. The bracket is divided into four\",\n \"title\": \"March Mammal Madness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11212078\",\n \"text\": \"national tournament again until 1985, in which they lost to eventual tournament runner-up Georgetown in the Sweet Sixteen. In 2018, the Ramblers returned to the tournament for the first time in 33 years. As a No. 11 seed, they upset No. 6 seed Miami (FL) and No. 3 seed Tennessee to qualify for the Sweet Sixteen. They faced Nevada in the Regional Semifinal and defeated the Wolf Pack 69-68 to advance to the Elite 8 against Kansas State. They advanced to the Final Four by beating Kansas State 78-62. In the Final Four, they lost to Michigan 69-57. Loyola made\",\n \"title\": \"Loyola Ramblers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17941185\",\n \"text\": \"the brackets in a little more timely manner\\\". Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the entire tournament. The games were streamed on the NCAA March Madness Live website and app, with streams for Turner games also available on the Bleacher Report website and Team Stream app, and CBS games available on the CBS Sports website and app. Games on TBS were available on Watch TBS app. Games on TNT were made available on Watch TNT app. Games on TruTV were available on Watch TruTV app. Westwood One's radio broadcasts, including a \\\"National Mix\\\" channel consisting of whip-around coverage during\",\n \"title\": \"2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5841371\",\n \"text\": \"song for the final season of \\\"Last Comic Standing\\\" as well as many appearances on \\\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\\\" \\\"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\\\", \\\"The Late Late Show\\\" and \\\"Last Call with Carson Daly\\\"'. He has guest-starred on numerous television shows and he voiced Wallow in \\\"Random! Cartoons\\\" and the singing Prince in \\\"The Princess and the Pea\\\". His newest album \\\"The Wedding Album\\\" was released in 2015 and includes collaborations with Nicole Scherzinger, Rob Thomas, Bridget Everett, Nuno Bettencourt and TRAIN. In March 2017, AT&T announced that Finnerty would appear in advertisements for DIRECTV during March Madness, co-starring with\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Finnerty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20929110\",\n \"text\": \"time since 1963. Their Cinderella run ended with loss to Michigan in the national semifinal. !colspan=9 style=|Exhibition !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley regular season !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley Tournament Source 2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team The 2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represents Loyola University Chicago during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by seventh-year head coach Porter Moser, play their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Missouri Valley Conference. The Ramblers finished the 2017–18 season 32–6, 15–3 in MVC\",\n \"title\": \"2018–19 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431922\",\n \"text\": \"the start times of games are staggered, with action lasting later in the night and fewer simultaneous games than in the previous format. As a result of the new deal, Mega March Madness, a pay-per-view out-of-market sports package covering games in the tournament, was discontinued. \\\"March Madness On Demand\\\" (now called \\\"March Madness Live\\\") remained unchanged, with Turner Interactive taking over management of both that service and NCAA.com at the start of 2011. The contract was expected to be signed after a review by the NCAA Board of Directors. In 2012, the service was changed; only games televised by CBS\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18260972\",\n \"text\": \"song spent 21 weeks in the top ten of the chart before falling 10-12 on the chart issue dated June 27, 2015. This marks the longest time the band has spent in the top ten of the chart, along with \\\"Moves Like Jagger\\\" and \\\"One More Night\\\" (2012), which also spent 21 weeks in the top ten. As of August 2015, it has sold 3.3 million copies in the United States. In 2014, film director David Dobkin was in Rome, Italy, for the premiere of his film, \\\"The Judge\\\". During his stay there, he received an e-mail from Levine asking\",\n \"title\": \"Sugar (Maroon 5 song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6193833\",\n \"text\": \"April 8, 2014 and is produced by David Garcia and Ben Glover. Singles from this album include the pre-release single \\\"Shake\\\", and post-release singles \\\"Greater\\\" and \\\"Dear Younger Me\\\". \\\"Lifer\\\", MercyMe's ninth studio album, was released on March 31, 2017, with the lead single off the album being \\\"Even If\\\", which was released on February 17, 2017. It samples the chorus of the hymn \\\"It Is Well with My Soul.\\\" The song reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Christian Songs chart for three weeks, becoming their twelfth number one single. It also charted on the Bubbling Under Hot 100\",\n \"title\": \"MercyMe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18411913\",\n \"text\": \"under the \\\"NCAA March Madness\\\" brand. As part of a cycle beginning in 2016, CBS held rights to the Final Four and championship game. As CBS did not want its audience to be diffused across multiple outlets, there were no localized \\\"Team Stream\\\" telecasts of the Final Four or championship games on Turner channels as in previous years. Following criticism of the two-hour format of the 2016 edition, the Selection Sunday broadcast was shortened to 90 minutes. CBS Sports executive Harold Bryant promised that the unveiling of the bracket would be conducted in an \\\"efficient\\\" manner, and leave more time\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18657709\",\n \"text\": \"represents are linked separately. Mammals who did not advance to round two: lemming, snow monkey, caribou, snowshoe hare, Antarctic fur seal, stoat, vicuña, Siberian chipmunk, Haverford black squirrel, Schoolcraft College Ocelots, Santa Clara bronco, Penn State mountain lions, Lethbridge pronghorn, Naval Academy goat, Texas A&M javelina, Yale bulldog, Thor hero shrew, giant cloud rat, giant elephant shrew, giant otter shrew, greater dwarf lemur, giant armadillo, giant flying squirrel, giant mole rat, shrew of the water, viscacha of the mountain, rabbit of the volcano, pocket gopher of the mountain, dog of the prairie, baby of the bush, cat of the sand,\",\n \"title\": \"March Mammal Madness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16737849\",\n \"text\": \"charge was dropped. Released: September 15, 1999 Released: July 20, 2000 Released: July 23, 2002 Released: February 4, 2003 Released: October 19, 2004 Released: July 26, 2005 Released: September 19, 2005 Released: May 2, 2006 Released: March 20, 2007 Released: July 4, 2007 Released: August 26, 2008 Released: September 2, 2008 Released: February 9, 2009 Released: March 29, 2009 Released: May 12, 2009 Released: July 21, 2009 Released: May 15, 2010 Released: November 30, 2010 Released: December 3, 2011 Released: November 19, 2013 Released: April 8, 2014 Released: February 2, 2016 Released: December 31, 2004 Released: February 10, 2006 Released:\",\n \"title\": \"Haystak\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2135935\",\n \"text\": \"on Thursday. Common year starting on Thursday A common year starting on Thursday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Thursday, 1 January, and ends on Thursday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is D. The most recent year of such kind was 2015 and the next one will be 2026 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2010 and 2021 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. This common year contains the most Friday the 13ths; specifically, the months of February, March, and November. Leap years starting on Sunday share this characteristic.\",\n \"title\": \"Common year starting on Thursday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20121852\",\n \"text\": \"St. Peters. On April 7, 2017 the interim tag was lifted, and Richey became the 22nd head coach in Furman history. After defeating two teams that had reached the final four of the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament (Loyola and defending national champion Villanova), Richey led the Paladins to their first ever 6-0 start. After a 10-0 record, the 2018–19 Furman team, became ranked in the AP Poll for the first time in school history, they went on to be ranked for 3 consecutive weeks. Richey went on to lead the Paladins to their best start in school\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Richey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753261\",\n \"text\": \"largest was done by a partnership between Quicken Loans and Berkshire Hathaway, which was backed by Warren Buffett, with a $1 billion prize to any person(s) who could correctly predict the outcome of the 2014 tournament. No one was able to complete the challenge and win the $1 billion prize. As indicated below, none of these phrases are \\\"exclusively\\\" used in regard to the NCAA tournament. Nonetheless, they are associated widely with the tournament, sometimes for legal reasons, sometimes just because it's become part of the American sports vernacular. March Madness is a popular on-ending basketball tournaments played in March.\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19343994\",\n \"text\": \"first in which they won the CCAA regular-season title; they also won the CCAA Tournament and were again NCAA West Region runners-up. The team won the CCAA Tournament again in 2017–18, but dropped in the NCAA West Regional quarterfinals. The Tritons have the most CCAA Tournament titles of any current CCAA member school, with three. Triton basketball will transition to NCAA Division I and the Big West Conference in 2020. They will not be eligible to participate in March Madness until the reclassification period ends in 2024. UC San Diego Tritons men's basketball The UC San Diego Tritons men's basketball\",\n \"title\": \"UC San Diego Tritons men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4442733\",\n \"text\": \"Brent Musburger Brent Woody Musburger (born May 26, 1939) is an American sportscaster, currently the lead broadcaster and managing editor at Vegas Stats and Information Network (VSiN) and radio play-by-play voice for the Oakland Raiders. With CBS Sports from 1973 until 1990, he was one of the original members of their program \\\"The NFL Today\\\" and is crediting with coining the phrase \\\"March Madness\\\" to describe the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament while covering the Final Four. While at CBS, Musburger also covered the Super Bowl, NBA Finals, the World Series, U.S. Open tennis, and The Masters. Joining ESPN\",\n \"title\": \"Brent Musburger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7357700\",\n \"text\": \"which defined March Madness. The Spectrum in Philadelphia hosted its second Final Four, both of which were won by Indiana. New Orleans hosted is second regional, the first at the Superdome and first in the city since 1942. This also marked only the second year ever to feature a domed stadium, and a NFL stadium; only four times since (1983, 1985, 1994 and 2018) has the tournament not included any NFL stadiums, and only in 1985 did it not include any domes at all. Two cities, Austin and El Paso, hosted Tournament games for the first time; it would be\",\n \"title\": \"1981 NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15431931\",\n \"text\": \"joined by NBA TV’s Steve Smith, CBS Sports Network’s Wally Szczerbiak, and CBS's Seth Davis in Atlanta. During the first five years of the TV deal, all games used Turner Sports graphics. Games on CBS simply used the CBS logo on Turner's graphics package, including the Final Four and National Championship Game. With CBS Sports unveiling a new graphics package at Super Bowl 50 in February 2016, the new CBS graphics were used for March Madness as well. Despite this being the first year that the Final Four and National Championship aired on TBS (as part of an every-other-year arrangement),\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA March Madness (TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18657701\",\n \"text\": \"divisions, which change yearly. The 64 animals are chosen and put into the various divisions based on their characteristics. In the 2015 bracket, the chosen divisions were Mighty Mini Mammals, Mythical Mammals, Critically Endangered Mammals, and Sexy Beasts. Mammals such as the dwarf mongoose and the Java mouse-deer were chosen for the Mighty Mini Mammals, while legendary beasts such as Ratatoskr and the Yeti battled it out in the Mythical Mammals. The mammals compete against others in their division, eventually working their way down to the Final Four (one from each division), and finally the championship. The battles are decided\",\n \"title\": \"March Mammal Madness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4363633\",\n \"text\": \"2015, TSN announced that Peterson will join their broadcast team as an analyst. For the network's package of Toronto Raptors games, Peterson joined TSN's broadcast team of Jack Armstrong, Leo Rautins, Matt Devlin, and Rod Black both in the TSN Studio and on-site at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. Peterson will also deliver analysis for SportsCentre and appear throughout the network's expanded NCAA coverage, including TSN's wall-to-wall coverage of NCAA March Madness. As of 2017, Peterson is no longer an analyst on TSN. On January 23rd 2018 Peterson opened \\\"MoPetes Sports Retreat\\\" in a partnership with Viktor Palushaj,\",\n \"title\": \"Morris Peterson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13833731\",\n \"text\": \"and Philips Arena, in the week leading up to the Final Four. March Madness studio analyst Charles Barkley and Dick Vitale were among the guests who appeared. The year 2013 marked the third year of a 14-year partnership between CBS and Turner cable networks TBS, TNT and truTV to cover the entire tournament under the \\\"NCAA March Madness\\\" banner. CBS aired the Final Four and championship rounds for the 32nd consecutive year. The tournament was considered a ratings success. Tournament games averaged 10.7 million viewers, and the championship game garnered an average of 23.4 million viewers and a peak viewership\",\n \"title\": \"2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the last time loyola made march madness"}}},{"rowIdx":90,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["James Dornan"],"string":"[\n \"James Dornan\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"19323012","text":"James' husband, Niall Leonard, would write the script for the sequel. Leonard also went on to write the script for the third film. The casting for the lead roles was considered controversial. Many contenders considered for the film included Ryan Gosling, Garrett Hedlund, Theo James, Alexander Skarsgård, François Arnaud, Charlie Hunnam, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen as Christian Grey. Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones were all considered for the role of Anastasia Steele. On September 2, 2013, Dakota Johnson and Charlie Hunnam were cast as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey respectively. As","title":"Fifty Shades (film series)"},{"id":"19323014","text":"replacement for Christian Grey. In October 2013, Jennifer Ehle was cast as Carla Wilks. On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. On January 28, 2016, Kim Basinger joined the film to play the role of Elena Lincoln in the sequels, Grey's business partner and former lover, while Luke Grimes, Eloise Mumford and Max Martini would be returning","title":"Fifty Shades (film series)"},{"id":"17485845","text":"of the film, \"Fifty Shades of Black\", was released on January 29, 2016, in North America. Marlon Wayans and Rick Alvarez wrote the script, in which Wayans stars as Christian Black. The film was distributed by SquareOne Entertainment in Germany and Open Road Films in the United States; IM Global produce and finance it, as well as handling international releases. Kali Hawk parodied the role of Anastasia Steele, with supporting cast including Affion Crockett, Mike Epps, Jane Seymour, and Fred Willard. It was released theatrically on January 29, 2016 and described as less funny \"than the unintentionally-funny film it's trying","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485804","text":"James' first choice for the role of Christian Grey, but James felt that casting Pattinson and his \"Twilight\" co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be \"weird\". Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian. Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered, the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW's series \"The Vampire Diaries\". On September 2, 2013, James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had been cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, respectively. The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485795","text":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews, it was","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485846","text":"to lampoon.\" Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews,","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485809","text":"On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. Ora originally wanted to work on the soundtrack. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. In September, filming was scheduled to start on November 5, 2013, in Vancouver, British Columbia. The following month, producer Michael De Luca announced filming would begin on November 13, 2013. Principal photography was again delayed and eventually started on December 1, 2013.","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485808","text":"it is most likely due to something on that list. Keep that in mind while hating and keep perspective.\" During October 2013, actress Jennifer Ehle was in talks for the role of Anastasia's mother Carla. On October 12, 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had exited the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his FX series \"Sons of Anarchy\". Alexander Skarsgård, Jamie Dornan, Theo James, François Arnaud, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen were at the top of the list to replace Hunnam as Christian Grey. Finally, on October 23, 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey.","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17422637","text":"the rights to the trilogy in March 2012. Universal is also the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role of Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson in the role of Anastasia Steele, but Hunnam gave up the part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and became an immediate success, making it to #1 at the box office with $558.5 million. However, critical reactions were generally negative. After the first film premiered at a special fan screening in New York City on 6 February","title":"Fifty Shades (novel series)"},{"id":"8373477","text":"Jamie Dornan James Dornan (born 1 May 1982) is an actor, model, and musician from Northern Ireland. He played Sheriff Graham Humbert in the ABC series \"Once Upon a Time\" (2011–2013), and serial killer Paul Spector in the BBC Two and RTÉ One crime drama series \"The Fall\" (2013–2016), the latter of which won him an Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actor in Television and was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor . In film, he portrayed Axel von Fersen in Sofia Coppola's \"Marie Antoinette\" (2006), Christian Grey in the \"Fifty Shades\" franchise (2015–2018),","title":"Jamie Dornan"},{"id":"2362914","text":"have won the profession's three highest honors: the Academy Award (film), the Tony Award (stage), and the Emmy Award (television). In 2009, Harden co-starred with Ellen Page and Drew Barrymore in \"Whip It\", which proved a critical success. Harden also played in the comedy \"The Maiden Heist\" (2009) with Christopher Walken and Morgan Freeman. In 2013, Harden reunited with her former Broadway co-star Jeff Daniels as a new cast member on HBO's series \"The Newsroom\". From 2015 to 2018, she played Christian Grey's mother, Grace Trevelyan Grey, in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series. Also in 2015, she began a starring","title":"Marcia Gay Harden"},{"id":"12906991","text":"show's sixth season. Grimes played United States Navy SEAL Marc Lee, who was killed in action in 2006, in \"American Sniper\" (2014). He played Christian Grey's brother, Elliot, in the film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2015), and its sequels, \"Fifty Shades Darker\" (2017) and \"Fifty Shades Freed\" (2018). Grimes played Todd Belkin in \"Freeheld\" opposite Julianne Moore, Steve Carell, Ellen Page and Michael Shannon. Peter Sollett directed this independent feature film, which is based on a true story. Luke Grimes Luke Timothy Grimes (born January 21, 1984) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the","title":"Luke Grimes"},{"id":"3449581","text":"Adams, Steve Buscemi, Terrence Howard, Kirsten Dunst and Viggo Mortensen as Dean Moriarty in the 2012 adventure drama \"On the Road\". The film was directed by Walter Salles and based on Jack Kerouac's novel of same name. Disney said in December 2012 that Hedlund would reprise his role of Sam Flynn in the sequel to \"Tron: Legacy\". Hedlund reportedly turned down the roles of Finnick in the sequel to the dystopian science fiction/adventure film \"The Hunger Games\" titled \"\" and Christian Grey in the film adaptation of E. L. James' best-selling novel \"Fifty Shades of Grey\". In 2014, Hedlund co-starred","title":"Garrett Hedlund"},{"id":"18887340","text":"Fifty Shades of Black Fifty Shades of Black is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans, who also co-wrote and co-produced the film. The film is a parody of the 2015 erotic romantic drama film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", and was released theatrically on January 29, 2016. It grossed $22 million at the worldwide box office on a $5 million budget. It was also Florence Henderson's last film before her death on November 24, 2016, which was 10 months after the film was released. Christian Black introduces shy college student Hannah Steale to the","title":"Fifty Shades of Black"},{"id":"18587244","text":"Fifty Shades Darker (film) Fifty Shades Darker is a 2017 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. The second film in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series and the sequel to the 2015 film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", it stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, with Eric Johnson, Eloise Mumford, Bella Heathcote, Rita Ora, Luke Grimes, Victor Rasuk, Kim Basinger, and Marcia Gay Harden in supporting roles. Principal photography on \"Fifty Shades Darker\" and its sequel","title":"Fifty Shades Darker (film)"},{"id":"17485806","text":"he would not have wanted to play the role of Grey because \"I actually didn't find him to be that interesting ... nothing about Christian Grey really spoke to me.\" Hunnam initially turned down the role of Christian but later reconsidered it, following a meeting with studio heads. Hunnam said of the audition process: \"I felt really intrigued and excited about it so I went and read the first book to get a clearer idea of who this character was, and I felt even more excited at the prospect of bringing him to life. We [Taylor-Johnson and I] kind of","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"16382180","text":"Fifty Shades of Grey Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the first instalment in the \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy that traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey. It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism (BDSM). Originally self-published as an ebook and a print-on-demand, publishing rights were acquired by Vintage Books in March 2012. \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" has topped best-seller lists around the world, selling over 125 million","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"19323009","text":"Fifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first film, \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", was released on February 13, 2015, while","title":"Fifty Shades (film series)"},{"id":"8373482","text":"he would return as the Huntsman from the Enchanted Forest at some point, and he remained a regular on the series. He returned as The Huntsman for the season finale episode, \"A Land Without Magic\". Dornan stars alongside Gillian Anderson in the Northern Irish drama series \"The Fall\", playing Paul Spector, a serial killer terrorising Belfast. In May 2013, the show was renewed for a second series halfway through the broadcast of series one. On 23 October 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey in the film adaptation of \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", replacing Charlie Hunnam. Initially announced to be","title":"Jamie Dornan"},{"id":"4617891","text":"sci-fi film \"Pacific Rim\", which opened in July 2013 and grossed $411 million worldwide. It was announced on 2 September 2013 that Hunnam would play the lead role of Christian Grey in the film adaptation of E. L. James' novel \"Fifty Shades of Grey\". However, on 12 October 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had withdrawn from the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his series \"Sons of Anarchy\". On 2 June 2014, Hunnam was awarded a Huading Award for Best Global Emerging Actor, for his role as Raleigh in \"Pacific Rim\" due to the film performing well","title":"Charlie Hunnam"},{"id":"17485813","text":"January 25, 2014, more than a year prior to release, Universal displayed posters with the phrase, \"Mr. Grey will see you now\", in five locations across the United States. On February 14, 2014, the first photograph of Johnson as Anastasia was released. On June 18, 2014, the film's official Twitter account released the first still of Dornan as Christian in honor of Christian's birthday. On July 9, 2014, the book's author, E. L. James, said on Twitter that the film's trailer would be released on July 24, 2014. Beyoncé debuted a teaser for the trailer on her Instagram account five","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"18580006","text":"Fifty Shades Freed (film) Fifty Shades Freed is a 2018 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, and based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. It is the third and final installment in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series, following \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2015) and \"Fifty Shades Darker\" (2017). The film stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, and follows the couple as they marry, and must deal with Ana's former boss (Eric Johnson), who begins to stalk them. Principal photography on \"Fifty","title":"Fifty Shades Freed (film)"},{"id":"18887344","text":"tying it with \"Yoga Hosers\". Fifty Shades of Black Fifty Shades of Black is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans, who also co-wrote and co-produced the film. The film is a parody of the 2015 erotic romantic drama film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", and was released theatrically on January 29, 2016. It grossed $22 million at the worldwide box office on a $5 million budget. It was also Florence Henderson's last film before her death on November 24, 2016, which was 10 months after the film was released. Christian Black introduces shy college","title":"Fifty Shades of Black"},{"id":"9310122","text":"role in the ABC drama, Castle. In 2011, the Noor Iranian Film Festival in Los Angeles invited him to participate as an official festival judge. In 2013, he played the role of the U.S. Navy SEAL commander in Paul Greengrass' Academy Award nominated film \"Captain Phillips\". In 2013, Guillermo del Toro's cast Martini and Rob Kazinsky as the Australian father-son pilot duo in \"Pacific Rim\" In 2014, Martini was cast in Legendary Pictures‘ supernatural thriller \"Spectral\" Martini played Christian Grey's bodyguard in the film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2015), and its two sequels. In 2016, Martini portrayed Mark \"Oz\" Geist","title":"Max Martini"},{"id":"18817962","text":"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey As Told by Christian, also referred to as Grey, is a 2015 erotic romance by British author E. L. James. It is the fourth installment in the \"Fifty Shades\" series, which had its start as fanfiction. The novel was released on 18 June 2015 to coincide with the birth date of the character Christian Grey. The work's first printing run consisted of 1.25 million copies. Christian Grey, a successful and rich 27-year-old businessman, meets 21-year-old university student Anastasia \"Ana\" Steele when she interviews him on behalf","title":"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian"},{"id":"14511980","text":"in the British film, \"Spivs\" (2004). In April 2014, Ora appeared alongside Korean popstar, Hyuna, in an episode of \"Funny or Die\" called \"Girl, You Better Walk.\" In 2015, she played Christian Grey's sister, Mia, in the film adaptation of the best-selling novel \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", a role she later reprised in the film's two sequels. Ora originally approached the production hoping to contribute to the film's soundtrack and instead was asked to audition for the role of Mia Grey by the director of the film, Sam Taylor-Johnson. In 2010, Ora featured in a commercial for Skullcandy headphones. She","title":"Rita Ora"},{"id":"1648902","text":"In 2016, she had a brief role, as a crooked high-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice, in the crime comedy \"The Nice Guys\", alongside Russell Crowe and Ryan Gosling. Basinger played Elena Lincoln, the business partner and former lover of Christian Grey, in the film adaptation of \"Fifty Shades Darker\" (2017), the sequel to \"Fifty Shades of Grey\". Dakota Johnson, her co-star, described her as \"one of the great people to work with\". Despite negative reviews, the film made US$381.4 million globally. In 1979, Basinger met makeup artist Ron Snyder-Britton (born Ronald Snyder) on the film \"Hard","title":"Kim Basinger"},{"id":"19323020","text":"films) and \"Alien\" ($1.328 billion not counting the PG-13 \"Alien vs. Predator\"). Fifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first","title":"Fifty Shades (film series)"},{"id":"17485805","text":"included Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones. Keeley Hazell auditioned for an unspecified role. Lucy Hale also auditioned for the film. Emilia Clarke was also offered the role of Anastasia but turned down the part because of the nudity required. Taylor-Johnson would give every actress who auditioned for the role of Anastasia four pages to read of a monologue from Ingmar Bergman's \"Persona\". The studio originally wanted Ryan Gosling for Christian, but he was not interested in the role. Garrett Hedlund was also considered, but he could not connect with the character. Stephen Amell said","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17007141","text":"Fifty Shades Fifty Shades is an adult erotic BDSM romance franchise created by E. L. James; originating as a fanfic about the young-adult genre \"Twilight\" teen romance novel series by Stephenie Meyer. It has produced a novel series, with an original novel trilogy and two follow-up novels, as well as a film trilogy. Anastasia Steele, a young college graduate meets Christian Grey, a young business mogul, and becomes his submissive partner. The series explores the development of their relationship. The \"Fifty Shades\" novel trilogy (Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, Fifty Shades Freed) was originally written as a fan","title":"Fifty Shades"},{"id":"18134024","text":"on 10 February 2017. The first still from the film was released on Friday, 24 April 2015, showing Jamie Dornan as Christian Grey in a black mask looking into a mirror. In April 2015, Universal Pictures chairman Donna Langley told \"The Hollywood Reporter\" that the second instalment will be \"more of a thriller\". In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films will be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming began in Canada on 9 February 2016 and continued through 12 July 2016. On 28 January 2016, producer Charolette McKinney broke ground on the","title":"Fifty Shades Darker"},{"id":"19323017","text":"In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films would be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming began in Paris and Vancouver from February 9, 2016, to July 12, 2016, under the working title \"\"Further Adventures of Max and Banks 2 & 3\".\" Filming on \"Fifty Shades Darker\" concluded on April 11, 2016. When Anastasia \"Ana\" Steele, a literature student, goes to interview the wealthy Christian Grey, as a favor to her roommate Kate Kavanagh, she encounters a handsome, brilliant and intimidating man. The innocent and naive Ana, startled to realize she wants him,","title":"Fifty Shades (film series)"},{"id":"16382210","text":"warnings regarding their content\". In February 2015, the Malaysian Home Ministry banned the \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" books shortly after banning its film adaptation after permitting them for three years in local bookstores, citing morality-related reasons. A film adaptation of the book was produced by Focus Features, Michael De Luca Productions, and Trigger Street Productions, with Universal Pictures and Focus Features securing the rights to the trilogy in March 2012. Universal is also the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role of Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson in the role of Anastasia Steele, but Hunnam gave up","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"9520714","text":"Andrew Airlie Andrew Airlie (born September 18, 1961) is a Scottish-born Canadian actor. He has starred in television series including \"Breaker High\" and his TV credits include guest starring in popular television shows such as \"Monk\", \"Smallville\", \"Stargate SG-1\" and \"The X-Files\". He had television regular roles as Mr. Oliver, the protagonist's father, on the series, \"Reaper\", which aired from 2007 until 2009, and as Mission Control Commander Mike Goss on the series \"Defying Gravity\" in 2009. His best-known film role was as Michael Corman in \"Final Destination 2\". He portrays Carrick Grey, father of Christian Grey, in the \"Fifty","title":"Andrew Airlie"},{"id":"16382211","text":"the part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and although popular at the box office, critical reactions were mixed to negative. E. L. James announced the film's soundtrack would be released on 10 February 2015. Prior to the soundtrack's release, the first single, \"Earned It\", by The Weeknd, was released on 24 December 2014. On 7 January 2015, the second single, \"Love Me like You Do\" by Ellie Goulding was released. Australian singer Sia released the soundtrack's third single, \"Salted Wound\", on 27 January 2015.","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"18587245","text":"\"Fifty Shades Freed\" (2018) began on February 9, 2016, in Paris and Vancouver. It was released in the United States on February 10, 2017. The film grossed $381 million worldwide against its $55 million budget, but received negative reviews for its screenplay, acting and narrative, though Dakota Johnson's performance received some praise. At the 38th Golden Raspberry Awards, the film received nine nominations; including Worst Picture, Worst Actor (Dornan) and Worst Actress (Johnson), and won two for Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel, and Worst Supporting Actress (Basinger). After Anastasia Steele leaves Christian Grey, he has nightmares about his abusive","title":"Fifty Shades Darker (film)"},{"id":"18587256","text":"to produce, along with E. L. James. Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan were confirmed to return for the sequels. On January 28, 2016, Kim Basinger joined the film, to play Elena Lincoln, Grey's business partner and former dominant, while Luke Grimes, Eloise Mumford and Max Martini were set to reprise their characters from the first film. On February 5, Bella Heathcote was cast as Leila, one of Grey's former submissives. In the same month, Eric Johnson was cast to play Jack Hyde. On February 18, Robinne Lee and Fay Masterson joined the film's cast. On February 26, Tyler Hoechlin was","title":"Fifty Shades Darker (film)"},{"id":"18887341","text":"world of \"romance\" after she interviews him for her school newspaper. Their kinky relationship stumbles forward despite Christian's shortcomings as a lover and the antics of his racist adoptive mother Claire, his well-endowed brother Eli and Hannah's hyper-sexual roommate Kateesha. On June 3, 2015, it was announced that Open Road Films had acquired the US distribution rights to the yet-to-be made film for $5 million. Principal photography on the film began August 11, 2015, in Los Angeles. The film was released in North America on January 29, 2016, alongside \"Kung Fu Panda 3\", \"The Finest Hours\", and \"Jane Got a","title":"Fifty Shades of Black"},{"id":"17485812","text":"Sia, was released on January 27, 2015. To date, the soundtrack has sold 516,000 copies in the United States. In February 2013, Universal chairman Adam Fogelson said the film \"could be ready to release ... as early as next summer.\" The studio initially announced an August 1, 2014, release. However, in November 2013, it was pushed back to February 13, 2015, in time for Valentine's Day. \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" was first screened at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015. The film was released in 75 IMAX screens across the US on February 13, 2015. On","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485802","text":"the rights to the trilogy in March 2013. Author James sought to retain some control during the movie's creative process. James chose \"The Social Network\" producers Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti to produce the film. Although \"American Psycho\" writer Bret Easton Ellis publicly expressed his desire to write the screenplay for \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", Kelly Marcel, screenwriter of \"Saving Mr. Banks\", was hired for the job. Patrick Marber was brought in by Taylor-Wood to polish the screenplay, specifically to do some \"character work\". Universal hired Mark Bomback for script doctoring. Mark Bridges served as the costume designer. \"Entertainment","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485835","text":"Brazil, ($31.3 million), France ($29.5 million), and Spain ($22.6 million). \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" received generally negative reviews, with criticism of its acting, screenplay, and pacing; however, some critics noted it as an improvement over the book, and others praised the cinematography and set design. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 25% based on 261 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"While creatively better endowed than its print counterpart, \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" is a less than satisfying experience on the screen.\" Metacritic gave the film a score of 46","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485803","text":"Weekly\" estimated the film's budget as \"$40 million-or-so\". By May 9, 2013, the studio was considering Joe Wright to direct, but this proved unworkable due to Wright's schedule. Other directors who had been under consideration included Patty Jenkins, Bill Condon, Bennett Miller, and Steven Soderbergh. In June 2013, E. L. James announced Sam Taylor-Johnson would direct the film adaptation. Johnson was paid over $2 million for directing the film. \"9½ Weeks\", \"Last Tango in Paris\", and \"Blue Is the Warmest Colour\" were all cited by Taylor-Johnson as inspirations for the film. Bret Easton Ellis stated that Robert Pattinson had been","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"18587257","text":"cast to play Boyce Fox, and on April 7, it was reported that Hugh Dancy had joined to play Dr. John Flynn, Grey's psychiatrist; neither actor appeared in the finished film. Principal photography was initially set to begin in Vancouver in June 2015. However, it was later postponed due to delays in the script. It was later reported that filming would begin in February 2016 in Vancouver, while the studio North Shore Studios was booked for the film. In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that the film and \"Freed\" would be shot back-to-back, with principal photography scheduled to commence in","title":"Fifty Shades Darker (film)"},{"id":"17485801","text":"the contract, and in an effort to understand Christian psychologically, Ana asks him to demonstrate how he would \"punish\" her for rule breaking. Christian whips Ana's buttocks with a belt. Upset and disgusted, Ana breaks up with Christian after concluding that he is wrong for her and his practices border on being deviant and excessive. By early 2013, several Hollywood studios were keen to obtain film rights to \"The New York Times\" bestselling \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy of novels. Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount, Universal, and Mark Wahlberg's production company submitted bids for the film rights. Universal Pictures and Focus Features secured","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"16416055","text":"list of the highest-earning authors with earnings of $95m which included $5m for the film rights to \"Fifty Shades of Grey\". On 1 June 2015 James announced the upcoming release of \"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian\", which was released into stores on 18 June 2015. \"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian\" was released November 28, 2017. James was one of the British celebrities, including Tom Hiddleston, Benedict Cumberbatch and Rachel Riley, to design and sign her own card for the UK children's charity Thomas Coram Foundation for Children. The campaign was launched by crafting","title":"E. L. James"},{"id":"17485844","text":"James' husband, Niall Leonard, was enlisted to write the script for the film's sequel. In the same month, at the 2015 Universal CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Universal announced the release dates of the sequels, with \"Fifty Shades Darker\" being released on February 10, 2017, and \"Fifty Shades Freed\" was released on February 9, 2018. However, the sequels did not see Sam Taylor-Johnson returning as director. On August 20, 2015, the U.S. \"House of Cards\" director James Foley was a frontrunner to direct the sequel. In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films will be shot back-to-back. A spoof version","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"19323019","text":"relationship under Ana's terms. However, their relationship is tested when Christian's past threatens the couple. Believing they've left behind the shadowy figures from the past, billionaire Christian Grey and his new wife, Anastasia, fully embrace their inextricable connection and shared life of luxury. Just as the Greys begin to step into their new roles, sinister events come to light and jeopardize their happy ending before it even begins. With a combined worldwide gross over $1.3 billion, the franchise is the fourth biggest R-rated franchise ever, behind only \"The Matrix\" ($1.6 billion over three films), \"The Hangover\" ($1.4 billion over three","title":"Fifty Shades (film series)"},{"id":"8754608","text":"Dakota Johnson Dakota Mayi Johnson (born October 4, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her starring role as Anastasia Steele in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series (2015–18). For her performances in the series, she received the People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress and a BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination, among others. Johnson made her acting debut in the film \"Crazy in Alabama\" (1999). She held supporting roles in the films \"The Social Network\" (2010), \"Beastly\" (2011), \"21 Jump Street\" (2012), \"The Five-Year Engagement\" (2012), and \"Need for Speed\" (2014). Following her \"Fifty","title":"Dakota Johnson"},{"id":"17485826","text":"\"Mamma Mia!\", \"Kung Fu Panda 2\", and \"Wonder Woman\"), and at the time of the end of its theatrical run, it was the fourth-highest-grossing R-rated film of all time (behind \"The Hangover Part II\", \"The Passion of the Christ\", and \"The Matrix Reloaded\"). \"Deadline Hollywood\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $256.55 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film. Tickets went on sale in the United States from January 11, 2015. According to ticket-selling site Fandango, \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" is the fastest-selling R-rated title in the site's 15-year history, surpassing \"Sex and","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"19323015","text":"for the sequels. On February 5, Bella Heathcote was cast as Leila, one of Grey's former submissives. In the same month, Eric Johnson was cast to play Jack Hyde, Ana's boss at SIP. On February 18, 2016, Robinne Lee and Fay Masterson joined the film's cast. On February 20, Brant Daugherty signed on to play Luke Sawyer, the personal bodyguard for Anastasia in the third film. For \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", principal photography was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, which began on December 1, 2013. Scenes were filmed in the Gastown district of Vancouver. Bentall 5 was used as","title":"Fifty Shades (film series)"},{"id":"18817963","text":"of her friend/roommate Katherine \"Kate\" Kavanagh (being sick with the flu at the time) for the university newspaper. The characters develop an attraction for each other and Christian proposes a sadomasochistic relationship with Ana. Christian hopes that his relationship with Ana will relieve the effects of a traumatic childhood, but his dark sexual proclivities and self-loathing drive Ana away. Ana is initially naive about Christian's sadism and the power dynamics in their relationship but as the novel progresses she comes to understand that his behaviour is cold and controlling. On 1 June 2015 James announced that she was in the","title":"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian"},{"id":"17485811","text":"Christian experience flashbacks. Christian jogs in the rain, while Ana sobs in her apartment. Christian encounters a gift Ana gave him with the note: \"This reminded me of a happy time. —Ana\". James said that the would be released on February 10, 2015. The first single, \"Earned It\", by The Weeknd, was released on December 24, 2014. On January 7, 2015, the second single, \"Love Me like You Do\" by Ellie Goulding was released, later reaching the top three on the Billboard Hot 100, and becoming a hit for the soundtrack. A promotional single, \"Salted Wound\" by Australian recording artist","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485824","text":"Thomas Williams of the Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture commented on the release of the film in the United States on Valentine's Day, stating \"The irony of Universal Pictures' decision to release its bondage-erotica film Fifty Shades of Grey on the day dedicated to honoring a Christian martyr has not gone unnoticed to many observers, who seem to find the choice unclassy at best.\" \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" was released via DVD and Blu-ray on May 8, 2015. The Blu-ray edition features an unrated cut of the film; the version includes an additional three minutes of footage, the","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"16382182","text":"Christian's point of view, was published in June 2015. Anastasia \"Ana\" Steele is a 21-year-old college senior attending Washington State University in Vancouver, Washington. Her best friend is Katherine \"Kate\" Kavanagh, who writes for the college newspaper. Due to an illness, Kate is unable to interview 27-year-old Christian Grey, a successful and wealthy Seattle entrepreneur, and asks Ana to take her place. Ana finds Christian attractive as well as intimidating. As a result, she stumbles through the interview and leaves Christian's office believing it went poorly. Ana does not expect to meet Christian again, but he appears at the hardware","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"17485838","text":"wrote that \"it might nonetheless be a movie that feels good to see, whether you squirm or giggle or roll your eyes or just sit still and take your punishment.\" In a positive review for \"The Daily Telegraph\", Robbie Collin called the film \"sexy, funny and self-aware in every way the original book isn't.\" Elizabeth Weitzman of New York's \"Daily News\" praised the directing, screenplay, and Johnson's performance, but called Dornan's performance, the leads' chemistry, and the supporting cast \"underused\". She praised the film for honoring the essence of its source and the director's way of balancing \"atmosphere with action\".","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485797","text":"Darker\" and \"Fifty Shades Freed\", released in 2017 and 2018 respectively. 21-year-old Anastasia \"Ana\" Steele is an English literature major at Washington State University’s satellite campus near Vancouver, Washington. When her roommate, Kate Kavanagh, becomes ill and is unable to interview Christian Grey, a 27-year-old billionaire entrepreneur, for the college newspaper, Ana agrees to go in her place. At Christian's Seattle headquarters called Grey House, Ana stumbles her way through the meeting. Christian, who is that year's WSU commencement speaker, takes an interest in her; soon after, he visits the hardware store where Ana works. He agrees to Ana's request","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17422638","text":"2015, director Sam Taylor-Johnson confirmed two sequels to be succeeded after the first film, with \"Fifty Shades Darker\" to be released February 10, 2017. Fifty Shades (novel series) Fifty Shades is a series of erotic novels by E. L. James. Initially a trilogy consisting of \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2011), \"Fifty Shades Darker\" and \"Fifty Shades Freed\" (2012), the series traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business man, Christian Grey. Grey introduces Ana to the world of BDSM. James has spoken of her shock at the success of the book, \"The explosion of","title":"Fifty Shades (novel series)"},{"id":"17485828","text":"Grey\" pre-sold 4.5 million tickets in 39 markets. In the UK, it sold £1.3 million ($1.9 million) worth of tickets a week before release. On release, it set several records at the box office, including: In the US and Canada, it is the highest-grossing sex film, the seventeenth highest-grossing film of 2015, and the fourth-highest-grossing romantic film of all time. It opened in the US and Canada simultaneously with \"\" on Thursday, February 12, 2015, across 2,830 theaters and was widened to 3,646 theaters the next day making it the widest R-rated opening (surpassed by \"\"), and the fourth-widest R-rated","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485796","text":"an immediate box office success, breaking numerous box office records and earning over $571 million worldwide. The film was the most awarded at the 36th Golden Raspberry Awards, winning five of six nominations, including Worst Picture (tied with \"Fantastic Four\") and both leading roles. In contrast, Ellie Goulding's single \"Love Me like You Do\" was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, while The Weeknd's single \"Earned It\" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. It is the first film in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series and was followed by two sequels, \"Fifty Shades","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"18587268","text":"again, the story involves the on-and-off, tie-her-up, tie-her-down romance between Anastasia Steele (Ms. Johnson) and her billionaire boyfriend, Christian Grey (Jamie Dornan), a guy with sculptured muscles, expensive playthings and dreary issues. Stuff and kink happens: A gun is fired, a would-be rapist is punished and Anastasia is bound hand and foot. Mostly, she advances and retreats (repeat), mewls and moans, and registers surprise each time Christian tries to dominate her outside the bedroom, evincing the kind of stalkerlike behavior that usually leads to restraining orders. Richard Brody of \"The New Yorker\" described the film as inferior to the first,","title":"Fifty Shades Darker (film)"},{"id":"17485817","text":"that the film could receive an NC-17 rating in the United States. Studios typically steer away from the adults-only rating due to the impact the classification has on a film's commercial viability, with some theater chains refusing to exhibit NC-17-rated films. While screenwriter Marcel said she expected the film to be NC-17-rated, producer De Luca anticipated the less restrictive R rating. On January 5, 2015, the MPAA did give the film an R rating, basing its decision on \"strong sexual content including dialogue, some unusual behavior and graphic nudity, and language.\" On January 30, in Australia, the film was rated","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485820","text":"chairman, Abdul Halim Abdul Hamid, said Fifty Shades was \"more pornography than a movie.\" The film was also banned in Indonesia, Kenya, Russia's North Caucasus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Papua New Guinea, Cambodia, and India. The film was released in Nigeria for a week, before being removed from cinemas by the National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB). Studios will not pursue a theatrical release in China. The film's sex scenes were censored after protests from various religious groups in the Philippines, and as a result it is in limited release in that country with an R-18 rating from","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485814","text":"days before the trailer's release. On July 24, Dornan and Johnson were on \"The Today Show\" to present part of the trailer appropriate for morning television; the full trailer, which contained more racy scenes, was released later the same day on the internet (200 days before its initial theatrical release). The trailer featured a new version of \"Crazy in Love\" by Beyoncé, which was scored and arranged by her frequent collaborator Boots. The trailer was viewed 36.4 million times in the week after its July 24 release. This made it the most viewed trailer on YouTube in 2014, until it","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"2166831","text":"serial killer Patrick Bateman in \"American Psycho\" (2000). In 2004, he lost 63 pounds for his role in the psychological thriller \"The Machinist\" (2004). Within six months, he gained 100 pounds to star as Batman in Christopher Nolan's superhero film \"Batman Begins\" (2005). He later reprised his role in \"The Dark Knight\" and \"The Dark Knight Rises\". Bale continued to take on starring roles, in Nolan's period drama \"The Prestige\" (2006), the western \"\" (2007), the science fiction film \"Terminator Salvation\" (2009), and the crime drama \"Public Enemies\" (2009). He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his","title":"Christian Bale"},{"id":"4288021","text":"producing Paul Greengrass' \"Captain Phillips\". De Luca also produced the 2011 remake of the cult classic vampire horror film \"Fright Night\". De Luca and Dana Brunetti reunited for \"Fifty Shades of Grey,\" the 2015 film adaptation of the best-selling novel of the same name. It was a massive financial success, becoming one of the highest-grossing R-rated films of all time. De Luca was previously in a relationship with actress Julianne Moore, star of New Line's Boogie Nights. In 2009, he married actress Angelique Madrid (born 1974) from Ft. Worth, Texas, who was a contestant on the first season of ABC's","title":"Michael De Luca"},{"id":"17485833","text":"film and the second-biggest for a non-sequel film (behind \"I Am Legend)\". In just 10 days of release it became the highest-grossing 18-rated film of all time. It topped the UK box office for two consecutive weekends. Other high openings include Germany ($14.1 million), France ($12.3 million), Russia ($11 million), Italy ($10.1 million), Spain ($8.7 million), Brazil ($8.3 million), Mexico ($8.1 million), Australia ($8 million). In Japan, the film was unsuccessful opening at No. 5 with $682,000 but falling out of the top 10 the following week. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" cited out possible reasons for the film's failure, attributing it","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485825","text":"bulk of which are in the form of an alternative ending. Upon its release on home media in the U.S., the film topped both the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks combined Blu-ray Disc and DVD sales, as well as the Blu-ray Disc sales chart for two consecutive weeks up to the week ending May 17, 2015. \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" grossed $166.2 million in the US and Canada and $404.8 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $571 million against a budget of $40 million. It is currently the fourth-highest-grossing film directed by a woman (behind","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"18134025","text":"new project, and it was announced that Kim Basinger would play Elena Lincoln. Fifty Shades Darker Fifty Shades Darker is a 2012 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the second installment in the \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy that traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey. The first and third volumes, \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" and \"Fifty Shades Freed\", were published in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The novel is published by Vintage Books and reached No. 1 on the \"USA Today\" best seller list. Three days after","title":"Fifty Shades Darker"},{"id":"17485823","text":"not our job to censor the content of a widespread movie. It's not in our best interest. It's not in the community's best interest.\" The film sold 3,000 tickets before the release and was expected to sell a total of 10,000 tickets. The American Family Association called for theaters not to show the film: \"The irony is not lost that the film's main character is named, 'Christian,' while this film presents anything but a 'Christian' view of intimacy ... It is the epitome of elevating abuse, and we call on all theaters to reject promoting such abuse on their screens.\"","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485807","text":"both suggested I do a reading with Dakota, who was her favorite, and as soon as we got in the room and I started reading with Dakota I knew that I definitely wanted to do it. There's just like a tangible chemistry between us. It felt exciting and fun and weird and compelling.\" In response to the negative reaction that the casting drew from fans, producer Dana Brunetti said: \"There is a lot that goes into casting that isn't just looks. Talent, availability, their desire to do it, chemistry with other actor, etc. So if your favorite wasn't cast, then","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"16382192","text":"principal characters renamed Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele and removed it from her website before publication. Meyer commented on the series, saying \"that's really not my genre, not my thing... Good on her—she's doing well. That's great!\" This reworked and extended version of \"Master of the Universe\" was split into three parts. The first, titled \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", was released as an e-book and a print on demand paperback in May 2011 by The Writers' Coffee Shop, a virtual publisher based in Australia. The second volume, \"Fifty Shades Darker\", was released in September 2011; and the third, \"Fifty Shades","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"17485831","text":"consecutive weekends before falling to No. 4 in its third weekend while \"Focus\" took the top spot. Outside the US and Canada, box office analysts were predicting as much as $158 million opening. It opened Wednesday, February 11, 2015, in 4 countries, earning $3.7 million. It opened in 34 more countries on February 12, earning $28.6 million in two days. The film set opening-day records for Universal Pictures in 25 markets and opening day records for an R-rated film in 34 territories. Through Sunday, February 15, it earned an opening-weekend total of $156 million from 58 countries from 10,979 screens","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"19323010","text":"the second, \"Fifty Shades Darker\", was released on February 10, 2017. \"Fifty Shades Freed\", the third film, was released on February 9, 2018. Worldwide, the series has grossed over $1.320 billion, making it the fourth highest-grossing R-rated franchise of all-time. Two years after the trilogy's first novel was released, several distribution companies had bid for the rights of the trilogy. Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount and Universal, as well as Mark Wahlberg's production company, put in bids for the film rights. The winning bid went to Universal Studios and Focus Features, at $5 million. With James gaining control over the process","title":"Fifty Shades (film series)"},{"id":"17007142","text":"fiction work in the Twilight fictional universe. It was originally called Master of the Universe and written as \"Snowdragons Icequeen\". The original trilogy, \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", \"Fifty Shades Darker\", \"Fifty Shades Freed\", have been published as an omnibus edition called the \"\"Fifty Shades\" Trilogy\". Fifty Shades Fifty Shades is an adult erotic BDSM romance franchise created by E. L. James; originating as a fanfic about the young-adult genre \"Twilight\" teen romance novel series by Stephenie Meyer. It has produced a novel series, with an original novel trilogy and two follow-up novels, as well as a film trilogy. Anastasia Steele,","title":"Fifty Shades"},{"id":"17485800","text":"a laptop. After Ana and Kate move to Seattle, Ana continues seeing Christian. During dinner at Christian's parents, Ana suddenly mentions she is leaving the next day to visit her mother in Georgia. Later, Christian becomes frustrated when Ana says that she wants more than the one-sided relationship he proposes. She is shocked when Christian unexpectedly arrives in Georgia; they have sex again but he leaves soon afterward, to tend to an emergency in Seattle. After returning home, Ana continues seeing Christian, who wants further sexual experimentation. Ana initially consents, but Christian keeps emotionally distant, upsetting her. While still considering","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"8373483","text":"released on 1 August 2014, the film was later rescheduled and released on 13 February 2015. On 27 August 2014, it was announced that Dornan would play Dr. Allan Pascal in a Miramax film titled \"The 9th Life of Louis Drax\", a supernatural thriller based on a book of the same name. It was released on 2 September 2016. In November 2014, Dornan was #3 in \"People Magazine's\" Sexiest Man Alive rankings. In February 2015, it was confirmed that Dornan had signed on to reprise his role in the second and third installments of the \"Fifty Shades\" film franchise, \"Fifty","title":"Jamie Dornan"},{"id":"17485837","text":"film one and a half stars out of five and wrote that it \"feels like two, distinct films grappling for dominance over the screen: one a sensual and stylish romance, and the other a numbingly explicit Harlequin bodice-ripper brought to life. Regrettably, the latter and lesser of the two ends up on top\". \"The Guardian\" lead film critic Peter Bradshaw gave the film one star out of five, calling it \"the most purely tasteful and softcore depiction of sadomasochism in cinema history\" with \"strictly daytime soap\" performances. A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" called the movie \"terrible\", but","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"16382185","text":"Ana leaves with Christian, but not before she discovers that Kate has been flirting with Christian's brother, Elliot. Later, Ana wakes to find herself in Christian's hotel room, where he scolds her for not taking proper care of herself. Christian then reveals that he would like to have sex with her. He initially says that Ana will first have to fill in paperwork, but later goes back on this statement after making out with her in the elevator. Ana goes on a date with Christian, on which he takes her in his helicopter, \"Charlie Tango\", to his apartment. Once there,","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"17485798","text":"for a photo shoot to accompany the article for which Ana had interviewed him. Christian invites Ana for coffee, but he leaves abruptly, saying he is not the man for her. Christian later sends Ana first edition copies of two Thomas Hardy novels, including \"Tess of the d'Urbervilles\", as a gift. Ana and her friends celebrate graduation at a local bar. After drinking too much, Ana spontaneously calls Christian, saying she is returning the books and berates his behavior towards her. Christian goes to the bar and finds Ana, who passes out. She wakes up the next morning in Christian's","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"17485836","text":"out of 100, based on reviews from 46 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of \"C+\" on an A+ to F scale. Claudia Puig of \"USA Today\" wrote that \"the dialogue is laughable, the pacing is sluggish and the performances are one-note.\" Moira Macdonald of \"The Seattle Times\" wrote: \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\" the movie, for the record, is not quite as bad as \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" the book. But that's not saying much\". \"We Got This Covered\" critic Isaac Feldberg gave the","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"15838424","text":"Walt Disney for BBC Films, based on an earlier draft by Sue Smith. The script, \"Saving Mr. Banks\", landed on the 2011 Black List, and was acquired by Disney. The film was released in 2013, directed by John Lee Hancock, and starring Tom Hanks as Walt Disney and Emma Thompson as P. L. Travers. Marcel and Smith shared writing credit. Marcel was nominated for Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer at the 67th Annual BAFTA Awards. Marcel was hired in 2012 to adapt E. L. James' bestselling erotic novel \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", with Sam Taylor-Johnson directing,","title":"Kelly Marcel"},{"id":"17485839","text":"In \"The Guardian\", Jordan Hoffmann awarded the film three out of five stars, writing, \"this big screen adaptation still manages to be about people, and even a little bit sweet\", and that the sex scenes \"are there to advance the plot, and only the most buttoned-up prude will be scandalised.\" Lisa Schwarzbaum of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film a B−, writing: \"This perfectly normal way of consuming erotica suggests that the movie \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" will work better as home entertainment, when each viewer can race past the blah-blah about how well Christian plays the piano and pause on","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"18587255","text":"would be \"more of a thriller.\" In July 2015, it was confirmed that singer Rita Ora would reprise her role, Mia Grey, in the sequel. On August 20, 2015, it was revealed by \"Deadline\" that James Foley was the front-runner to direct the sequel and third film \"Fifty Shades Freed\", while the studio was also eyeing other directors, including Rebecca Thomas, Mark Pellington, and Tanya Wexler, and talks with Foley had not yet begun. On November 12, 2015, TheWrap confirmed that Foley would direct both sequels, which would be shot back-to-back in 2016, with Michael De Luca and Brunetti returning","title":"Fifty Shades Darker (film)"},{"id":"17485818","text":"MA15+ by the ACB for \"strong sex scenes, sexual themes and nudity\". On February 2, 2015, the British BBFC classified the film an 18 certificate, mentioning \"strong sex\". In Canada, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia, the film was rated at 18A by the OFRB, MFCB, AFR, and BCFCO, respectively, due to its \"occasional upsetting or disturbing scenes, and partial or full nudity in a brief sexual situation.\" In Quebec, the Régie du cinéma rated the movie under the 16+ category for its eroticism. In France, the film earned a 12 rating. In Lebanon, the film earned an NC-21 rating.","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"2166830","text":"Christian Bale Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English-American actor. He is known for his intense method acting style, often transforming his body drastically for his roles. The recipient of many awards, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe, he was featured in the Time 100 list of 2011. Born in Haverfordwest, Wales, to English parents, Bale had his first starring role at age 13 in Steven Spielberg's war film \"Empire of the Sun\" (1987). Following a decade of leading and supporting roles, including in \"Little Women\" (1994), he gained wider recognition for portraying the","title":"Christian Bale"},{"id":"20403195","text":"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian Darker: Fifty Shades Darker As Told by Christian, also referred to as Darker, is a 2017 erotic romance by British author, E. L. James. It is the fifth installment in the \"Fifty Shades\" novel series. The books were originally told by Anastasia Steele, the main protagonist, whereas \"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian\" is told from the male character's point of view of the events of the second installment, \"Fifty Shades Darker\". The novel was released on 28 November 2017. After breaking up in \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", billionaire Christian","title":"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian"},{"id":"12392705","text":"Bell (voiced by Mae Whitman) and the best friend of Spike (voiced by Debby Ryan) in the animated Disney film \"Secret of the Wings\", released on direct to video in October 2012. Hale was originally auditioned for Anastasia Steele in \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" and Carly Spencer in \"\". But the roles were later portrayed by Dakota Johnson and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, respectively. Hale was co-hosted for two television event shows, the 2013 Teen Choice Awards with Darren Criss and the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards Pre-Show with Sway. In 2018, Hale was cast in The CW comedy-drama series \"Life Sentence\",","title":"Lucy Hale"},{"id":"3793079","text":"of \"Tartuffe\", and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1995. Other television credits include \"The Camomile Lawn\" (1992), \"A Gifted Man\" (2011–2012) and \"The Looming Tower\" (2018). She has also appeared in supporting roles in such films as \"Wilde\" (1997), \"Sunshine\" (1999), \"The King's Speech\" (2010), \"Contagion\" (2011), \"Zero Dark Thirty\" (2012), \"RoboCop\" (2014), and \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2015). Ehle also portrayed Lydia Marsh in \"The Miseducation of Cameron Post\" (2018). Ehle was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, to English actress Rosemary Harris and American author John Ehle. Aside from English, her ancestry includes Romanian (from a maternal great-grandmother)","title":"Jennifer Ehle"},{"id":"16382181","text":"copies worldwide by June 2015. It has been translated into 52 languages, and set a record in the United Kingdom as the fastest-selling paperback of all time. Critical reception of the book, however, has tended towards the negative, with the quality of its prose generally seen as poor. Universal Pictures and Focus Features produced a film adaptation, which was released on 13 February 2015 and also received generally unfavourable reviews. The second and third volumes of the trilogy, \"Fifty Shades Darker\" and \"Fifty Shades Freed\", were published in 2012. \"\", a version of \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" being told from","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"17485834","text":"to the \"delayed release of the new Japanese-language editions of the books, poor timing for the film release and an R-15, re-edit blurring out parts of the sex scenes.\" It topped the box office outside of the US for three consecutive weekends until it was overtaken by Warner Bros.' \"Jupiter Ascending\" in its fourth weekend. It became Universal Pictures' highest-grossing R-rated film of all time overseas (breaking \"Ted\"s record), Universal Pictures' highest-grossing film in 14 countries, and Universal Pictures' eighth-highest-grossing film overseas. In total earnings, its largest markets overseas are the UK, Ireland and Malta ($52.5 million), Germany ($43.7 million),","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"16382187","text":"following morning, Ana and Christian again have sex. His mother arrives moments after their sexual encounter and is surprised by the meeting, having previously thought Christian was homosexual, because he was never seen with a woman. Christian later takes Ana out to eat, and he reveals that he lost his virginity at age 15 to one of his mother's friends, Elena Lincoln, and that his previous dominant/submissive relationships failed due to incompatibility. Christian also reveals that in his first dominant/submissive relationship he was the submissive. Christian and Ana plan to meet again, and he takes Ana home, where she discovers","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"17485816","text":"A third trailer aired during Super Bowl XLIX, on February 1, 2015. The film was promoted through an ad campaign that asked people whether they were \"curious\". Nick Carpou, Universal's president of domestic distribution, said: \"Our campaign gave people permission to see the film.\" \"Valentines is a big deal for couples and a great relationship event, and the date with the long Presidents Day weekend created a perfect storm for us. This date positioned us to take full advantage of the romance angle, which is how we sold the film in our marketing campaign,\" he said. There was initial speculation","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"16382213","text":"the release of \"Fifty Shades of Grey: A XXX Adaptation\", a pornographic film based on the novel, citing copyright and trademark infringement. Smash Pictures, the porn producer, later responded to the lawsuit with a counterclaim that \"much or all\" of the \"Fifty Shades\" material was placed in the public domain in its original \"Twilight\"-based form, but later capitulated and stopped production of their film. Stage productions include: Fifty Shades of Grey Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the first instalment in the \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy that traces the","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"2166852","text":"visited survivors in an Aurora, Colorado hospital. The film garnered further critical praise and financial achievement, earning more than $1 billion worldwide. Currently, the film is the tenth highest-grossing film worldwide unadjusted for inflation and the third highest-grossing film released in 2012, as well as the most financially successful movie in which Bale has starred. After \"Batman Begins\", Bale returned to appearing in independent films. He was cast as one of the two lead roles in the South Central Los Angeles David Ayer-helmed crime drama \"Harsh Times\", co-starring Freddy Rodriguez and Eva Longoria. Bale played Jim Luther Davis, an aloof","title":"Christian Bale"},{"id":"17485810","text":"Scenes were filmed in the Gastown district of Vancouver. Bentall 5 was used as the Grey Enterprises building. The University of British Columbia serves as Washington State University Vancouver, from which Ana graduates. The Fairmont Hotel Vancouver was used as the Heathman Hotel. The film was also shot at the North Shore Studios. The production officially ended on February 21, 2014. Reshoots involving scenes between Dornan and Johnson took place in Vancouver during the week of October 13, 2014. The film was shot under the working title \"\"The Adventures of Max and Banks\".\" In an alternative ending, both Ana and","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"16382184","text":"conversation, Ana learns that Christian is also single, but he says he is not romantic. Ana is intrigued, but believes she is not attractive enough for Christian. Later, Ana receives a package from Christian containing first edition copies of \"Tess of the d'Urbervilles\", which stuns her. Later that night, Ana goes out drinking with her friends and ends up drunk dialling Christian, who informs her that he will be coming to pick her up because of her inebriated state. Ana goes outside to get some fresh air, and José attempts to kiss her, but he is stopped by Christian's arrival.","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey"},{"id":"17485829","text":"release of all time. It earned $8.6 million from Thursday night previews which is the second-highest late-night gross for a film released in February (behind \"Deadpool\") and the third-highest for an R-rated film (behind \"Deadpool\" and \"The Hangover Part II\"). The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.2 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,646 theaters setting a record for highest February opening day (previously held by \"The Passion of the Christ\") and fourth-highest overall among R-rated films. During its traditional three-day opening the film opened at No. 1 at the box office earning $85.1 million, setting","title":"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"},{"id":"20670822","text":"read \"Fifty Shades of Grey.\" The film's background score is composed by Somesh Saha and it features vocals by singer Garima Yagnik. Jackie Shroff won \"Best Actor Male Award\" at Filmfare Awards 2018 for his role in the film. Khujli Khujli is a 2017 Indian short drama film written & directed by Sonam Nair, produced by Chintan Ruparel & Anuj Gosalia and starring Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta. It was released on 31 March 2017 by Terribly Tiny Talkies to their official YouTube handle. The film marks debut of Jackie Shroff in short films. In a room, a bed is","title":"Khujli"},{"id":"2620064","text":"Simon Baker Simon Baker (born 30 July 1969) is an Australian actor and director. In his television acting career, he is known for his lead roles in the CBS television series \"The Mentalist\" (as Patrick Jane) and \"The Guardian\" (as Nicholas Fallin). In his film acting career, he is best known for his roles as Max Rourke in the remake of the Japanese horror film \"The Ring Two\", Riley Denbo in \"Land of the Dead\" and Christian Thompson in the film adaptation of \"The Devil Wears Prada\". Before joining Hollywood, Simon Baker has acted in various TV shows such as","title":"Simon Baker"},{"id":"15375599","text":"Bella Heathcote Isabella Heathcote (born 27 May 1987) is an Australian actress. She began her acting career in 2008. The following year, she had a recurring role as Amanda Fowler on the television soap opera \"Neighbours\". Heathcote has since portrayed governess Victoria Winters in Tim Burton's film adaptation of \"Dark Shadows\", Jane Bennett in \"Pride and Prejudice and Zombies\", model Gigi in \"The Neon Demon\", Nicole Dörmer in the dystopian alternate history thriller series \"The Man in the High Castle\", Leila Williams, a deranged ex-lover of Christian Grey, in \"Fifty Shades Darker\" and Olive Byrne in \"Professor Marston and the","title":"Bella Heathcote"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"19323012\",\n \"text\": \"James' husband, Niall Leonard, would write the script for the sequel. Leonard also went on to write the script for the third film. The casting for the lead roles was considered controversial. Many contenders considered for the film included Ryan Gosling, Garrett Hedlund, Theo James, Alexander Skarsgård, François Arnaud, Charlie Hunnam, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen as Christian Grey. Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones were all considered for the role of Anastasia Steele. On September 2, 2013, Dakota Johnson and Charlie Hunnam were cast as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey respectively. As\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19323014\",\n \"text\": \"replacement for Christian Grey. In October 2013, Jennifer Ehle was cast as Carla Wilks. On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. On January 28, 2016, Kim Basinger joined the film to play the role of Elena Lincoln in the sequels, Grey's business partner and former lover, while Luke Grimes, Eloise Mumford and Max Martini would be returning\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485845\",\n \"text\": \"of the film, \\\"Fifty Shades of Black\\\", was released on January 29, 2016, in North America. Marlon Wayans and Rick Alvarez wrote the script, in which Wayans stars as Christian Black. The film was distributed by SquareOne Entertainment in Germany and Open Road Films in the United States; IM Global produce and finance it, as well as handling international releases. Kali Hawk parodied the role of Anastasia Steele, with supporting cast including Affion Crockett, Mike Epps, Jane Seymour, and Fred Willard. It was released theatrically on January 29, 2016 and described as less funny \\\"than the unintentionally-funny film it's trying\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485804\",\n \"text\": \"James' first choice for the role of Christian Grey, but James felt that casting Pattinson and his \\\"Twilight\\\" co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be \\\"weird\\\". Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian. Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered, the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW's series \\\"The Vampire Diaries\\\". On September 2, 2013, James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had been cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, respectively. The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485795\",\n \"text\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews, it was\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485846\",\n \"text\": \"to lampoon.\\\" Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews,\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485809\",\n \"text\": \"On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. Ora originally wanted to work on the soundtrack. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. In September, filming was scheduled to start on November 5, 2013, in Vancouver, British Columbia. The following month, producer Michael De Luca announced filming would begin on November 13, 2013. Principal photography was again delayed and eventually started on December 1, 2013.\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485808\",\n \"text\": \"it is most likely due to something on that list. Keep that in mind while hating and keep perspective.\\\" During October 2013, actress Jennifer Ehle was in talks for the role of Anastasia's mother Carla. On October 12, 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had exited the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his FX series \\\"Sons of Anarchy\\\". Alexander Skarsgård, Jamie Dornan, Theo James, François Arnaud, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen were at the top of the list to replace Hunnam as Christian Grey. Finally, on October 23, 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey.\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17422637\",\n \"text\": \"the rights to the trilogy in March 2012. Universal is also the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role of Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson in the role of Anastasia Steele, but Hunnam gave up the part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and became an immediate success, making it to #1 at the box office with $558.5 million. However, critical reactions were generally negative. After the first film premiered at a special fan screening in New York City on 6 February\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8373477\",\n \"text\": \"Jamie Dornan James Dornan (born 1 May 1982) is an actor, model, and musician from Northern Ireland. He played Sheriff Graham Humbert in the ABC series \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\" (2011–2013), and serial killer Paul Spector in the BBC Two and RTÉ One crime drama series \\\"The Fall\\\" (2013–2016), the latter of which won him an Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actor in Television and was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor . In film, he portrayed Axel von Fersen in Sofia Coppola's \\\"Marie Antoinette\\\" (2006), Christian Grey in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" franchise (2015–2018),\",\n \"title\": \"Jamie Dornan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2362914\",\n \"text\": \"have won the profession's three highest honors: the Academy Award (film), the Tony Award (stage), and the Emmy Award (television). In 2009, Harden co-starred with Ellen Page and Drew Barrymore in \\\"Whip It\\\", which proved a critical success. Harden also played in the comedy \\\"The Maiden Heist\\\" (2009) with Christopher Walken and Morgan Freeman. In 2013, Harden reunited with her former Broadway co-star Jeff Daniels as a new cast member on HBO's series \\\"The Newsroom\\\". From 2015 to 2018, she played Christian Grey's mother, Grace Trevelyan Grey, in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" film series. Also in 2015, she began a starring\",\n \"title\": \"Marcia Gay Harden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12906991\",\n \"text\": \"show's sixth season. Grimes played United States Navy SEAL Marc Lee, who was killed in action in 2006, in \\\"American Sniper\\\" (2014). He played Christian Grey's brother, Elliot, in the film \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" (2015), and its sequels, \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" (2017) and \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\" (2018). Grimes played Todd Belkin in \\\"Freeheld\\\" opposite Julianne Moore, Steve Carell, Ellen Page and Michael Shannon. Peter Sollett directed this independent feature film, which is based on a true story. Luke Grimes Luke Timothy Grimes (born January 21, 1984) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the\",\n \"title\": \"Luke Grimes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3449581\",\n \"text\": \"Adams, Steve Buscemi, Terrence Howard, Kirsten Dunst and Viggo Mortensen as Dean Moriarty in the 2012 adventure drama \\\"On the Road\\\". The film was directed by Walter Salles and based on Jack Kerouac's novel of same name. Disney said in December 2012 that Hedlund would reprise his role of Sam Flynn in the sequel to \\\"Tron: Legacy\\\". Hedlund reportedly turned down the roles of Finnick in the sequel to the dystopian science fiction/adventure film \\\"The Hunger Games\\\" titled \\\"\\\" and Christian Grey in the film adaptation of E. L. James' best-selling novel \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\". In 2014, Hedlund co-starred\",\n \"title\": \"Garrett Hedlund\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18887340\",\n \"text\": \"Fifty Shades of Black Fifty Shades of Black is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans, who also co-wrote and co-produced the film. The film is a parody of the 2015 erotic romantic drama film \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", and was released theatrically on January 29, 2016. It grossed $22 million at the worldwide box office on a $5 million budget. It was also Florence Henderson's last film before her death on November 24, 2016, which was 10 months after the film was released. Christian Black introduces shy college student Hannah Steale to the\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Black\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18587244\",\n \"text\": \"Fifty Shades Darker (film) Fifty Shades Darker is a 2017 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. The second film in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" film series and the sequel to the 2015 film \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", it stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, with Eric Johnson, Eloise Mumford, Bella Heathcote, Rita Ora, Luke Grimes, Victor Rasuk, Kim Basinger, and Marcia Gay Harden in supporting roles. Principal photography on \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" and its sequel\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485806\",\n \"text\": \"he would not have wanted to play the role of Grey because \\\"I actually didn't find him to be that interesting ... nothing about Christian Grey really spoke to me.\\\" Hunnam initially turned down the role of Christian but later reconsidered it, following a meeting with studio heads. Hunnam said of the audition process: \\\"I felt really intrigued and excited about it so I went and read the first book to get a clearer idea of who this character was, and I felt even more excited at the prospect of bringing him to life. We [Taylor-Johnson and I] kind of\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382180\",\n \"text\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the first instalment in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" trilogy that traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey. It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism (BDSM). Originally self-published as an ebook and a print-on-demand, publishing rights were acquired by Vintage Books in March 2012. \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" has topped best-seller lists around the world, selling over 125 million\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19323009\",\n \"text\": \"Fifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first film, \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", was released on February 13, 2015, while\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8373482\",\n \"text\": \"he would return as the Huntsman from the Enchanted Forest at some point, and he remained a regular on the series. He returned as The Huntsman for the season finale episode, \\\"A Land Without Magic\\\". Dornan stars alongside Gillian Anderson in the Northern Irish drama series \\\"The Fall\\\", playing Paul Spector, a serial killer terrorising Belfast. In May 2013, the show was renewed for a second series halfway through the broadcast of series one. On 23 October 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey in the film adaptation of \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", replacing Charlie Hunnam. Initially announced to be\",\n \"title\": \"Jamie Dornan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4617891\",\n \"text\": \"sci-fi film \\\"Pacific Rim\\\", which opened in July 2013 and grossed $411 million worldwide. It was announced on 2 September 2013 that Hunnam would play the lead role of Christian Grey in the film adaptation of E. L. James' novel \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\". However, on 12 October 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had withdrawn from the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his series \\\"Sons of Anarchy\\\". On 2 June 2014, Hunnam was awarded a Huading Award for Best Global Emerging Actor, for his role as Raleigh in \\\"Pacific Rim\\\" due to the film performing well\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Hunnam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485813\",\n \"text\": \"January 25, 2014, more than a year prior to release, Universal displayed posters with the phrase, \\\"Mr. Grey will see you now\\\", in five locations across the United States. On February 14, 2014, the first photograph of Johnson as Anastasia was released. On June 18, 2014, the film's official Twitter account released the first still of Dornan as Christian in honor of Christian's birthday. On July 9, 2014, the book's author, E. L. James, said on Twitter that the film's trailer would be released on July 24, 2014. Beyoncé debuted a teaser for the trailer on her Instagram account five\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18580006\",\n \"text\": \"Fifty Shades Freed (film) Fifty Shades Freed is a 2018 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, and based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. It is the third and final installment in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" film series, following \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" (2015) and \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" (2017). The film stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, and follows the couple as they marry, and must deal with Ana's former boss (Eric Johnson), who begins to stalk them. Principal photography on \\\"Fifty\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades Freed (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18887344\",\n \"text\": \"tying it with \\\"Yoga Hosers\\\". Fifty Shades of Black Fifty Shades of Black is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans, who also co-wrote and co-produced the film. The film is a parody of the 2015 erotic romantic drama film \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", and was released theatrically on January 29, 2016. It grossed $22 million at the worldwide box office on a $5 million budget. It was also Florence Henderson's last film before her death on November 24, 2016, which was 10 months after the film was released. Christian Black introduces shy college\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Black\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9310122\",\n \"text\": \"role in the ABC drama, Castle. In 2011, the Noor Iranian Film Festival in Los Angeles invited him to participate as an official festival judge. In 2013, he played the role of the U.S. Navy SEAL commander in Paul Greengrass' Academy Award nominated film \\\"Captain Phillips\\\". In 2013, Guillermo del Toro's cast Martini and Rob Kazinsky as the Australian father-son pilot duo in \\\"Pacific Rim\\\" In 2014, Martini was cast in Legendary Pictures‘ supernatural thriller \\\"Spectral\\\" Martini played Christian Grey's bodyguard in the film \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" (2015), and its two sequels. In 2016, Martini portrayed Mark \\\"Oz\\\" Geist\",\n \"title\": \"Max Martini\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18817962\",\n \"text\": \"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey As Told by Christian, also referred to as Grey, is a 2015 erotic romance by British author E. L. James. It is the fourth installment in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" series, which had its start as fanfiction. The novel was released on 18 June 2015 to coincide with the birth date of the character Christian Grey. The work's first printing run consisted of 1.25 million copies. Christian Grey, a successful and rich 27-year-old businessman, meets 21-year-old university student Anastasia \\\"Ana\\\" Steele when she interviews him on behalf\",\n \"title\": \"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14511980\",\n \"text\": \"in the British film, \\\"Spivs\\\" (2004). In April 2014, Ora appeared alongside Korean popstar, Hyuna, in an episode of \\\"Funny or Die\\\" called \\\"Girl, You Better Walk.\\\" In 2015, she played Christian Grey's sister, Mia, in the film adaptation of the best-selling novel \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", a role she later reprised in the film's two sequels. Ora originally approached the production hoping to contribute to the film's soundtrack and instead was asked to audition for the role of Mia Grey by the director of the film, Sam Taylor-Johnson. In 2010, Ora featured in a commercial for Skullcandy headphones. She\",\n \"title\": \"Rita Ora\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1648902\",\n \"text\": \"In 2016, she had a brief role, as a crooked high-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice, in the crime comedy \\\"The Nice Guys\\\", alongside Russell Crowe and Ryan Gosling. Basinger played Elena Lincoln, the business partner and former lover of Christian Grey, in the film adaptation of \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" (2017), the sequel to \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\". Dakota Johnson, her co-star, described her as \\\"one of the great people to work with\\\". Despite negative reviews, the film made US$381.4 million globally. In 1979, Basinger met makeup artist Ron Snyder-Britton (born Ronald Snyder) on the film \\\"Hard\",\n \"title\": \"Kim Basinger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19323020\",\n \"text\": \"films) and \\\"Alien\\\" ($1.328 billion not counting the PG-13 \\\"Alien vs. Predator\\\"). Fifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485805\",\n \"text\": \"included Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones. Keeley Hazell auditioned for an unspecified role. Lucy Hale also auditioned for the film. Emilia Clarke was also offered the role of Anastasia but turned down the part because of the nudity required. Taylor-Johnson would give every actress who auditioned for the role of Anastasia four pages to read of a monologue from Ingmar Bergman's \\\"Persona\\\". The studio originally wanted Ryan Gosling for Christian, but he was not interested in the role. Garrett Hedlund was also considered, but he could not connect with the character. Stephen Amell said\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17007141\",\n \"text\": \"Fifty Shades Fifty Shades is an adult erotic BDSM romance franchise created by E. L. James; originating as a fanfic about the young-adult genre \\\"Twilight\\\" teen romance novel series by Stephenie Meyer. It has produced a novel series, with an original novel trilogy and two follow-up novels, as well as a film trilogy. Anastasia Steele, a young college graduate meets Christian Grey, a young business mogul, and becomes his submissive partner. The series explores the development of their relationship. The \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" novel trilogy (Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, Fifty Shades Freed) was originally written as a fan\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18134024\",\n \"text\": \"on 10 February 2017. The first still from the film was released on Friday, 24 April 2015, showing Jamie Dornan as Christian Grey in a black mask looking into a mirror. In April 2015, Universal Pictures chairman Donna Langley told \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" that the second instalment will be \\\"more of a thriller\\\". In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films will be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming began in Canada on 9 February 2016 and continued through 12 July 2016. On 28 January 2016, producer Charolette McKinney broke ground on the\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades Darker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19323017\",\n \"text\": \"In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films would be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming began in Paris and Vancouver from February 9, 2016, to July 12, 2016, under the working title \\\"\\\"Further Adventures of Max and Banks 2 & 3\\\".\\\" Filming on \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" concluded on April 11, 2016. When Anastasia \\\"Ana\\\" Steele, a literature student, goes to interview the wealthy Christian Grey, as a favor to her roommate Kate Kavanagh, she encounters a handsome, brilliant and intimidating man. The innocent and naive Ana, startled to realize she wants him,\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382210\",\n \"text\": \"warnings regarding their content\\\". In February 2015, the Malaysian Home Ministry banned the \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" books shortly after banning its film adaptation after permitting them for three years in local bookstores, citing morality-related reasons. A film adaptation of the book was produced by Focus Features, Michael De Luca Productions, and Trigger Street Productions, with Universal Pictures and Focus Features securing the rights to the trilogy in March 2012. Universal is also the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role of Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson in the role of Anastasia Steele, but Hunnam gave up\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9520714\",\n \"text\": \"Andrew Airlie Andrew Airlie (born September 18, 1961) is a Scottish-born Canadian actor. He has starred in television series including \\\"Breaker High\\\" and his TV credits include guest starring in popular television shows such as \\\"Monk\\\", \\\"Smallville\\\", \\\"Stargate SG-1\\\" and \\\"The X-Files\\\". He had television regular roles as Mr. Oliver, the protagonist's father, on the series, \\\"Reaper\\\", which aired from 2007 until 2009, and as Mission Control Commander Mike Goss on the series \\\"Defying Gravity\\\" in 2009. His best-known film role was as Michael Corman in \\\"Final Destination 2\\\". He portrays Carrick Grey, father of Christian Grey, in the \\\"Fifty\",\n \"title\": \"Andrew Airlie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382211\",\n \"text\": \"the part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and although popular at the box office, critical reactions were mixed to negative. E. L. James announced the film's soundtrack would be released on 10 February 2015. Prior to the soundtrack's release, the first single, \\\"Earned It\\\", by The Weeknd, was released on 24 December 2014. On 7 January 2015, the second single, \\\"Love Me like You Do\\\" by Ellie Goulding was released. Australian singer Sia released the soundtrack's third single, \\\"Salted Wound\\\", on 27 January 2015.\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18587245\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\" (2018) began on February 9, 2016, in Paris and Vancouver. It was released in the United States on February 10, 2017. The film grossed $381 million worldwide against its $55 million budget, but received negative reviews for its screenplay, acting and narrative, though Dakota Johnson's performance received some praise. At the 38th Golden Raspberry Awards, the film received nine nominations; including Worst Picture, Worst Actor (Dornan) and Worst Actress (Johnson), and won two for Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel, and Worst Supporting Actress (Basinger). After Anastasia Steele leaves Christian Grey, he has nightmares about his abusive\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18587256\",\n \"text\": \"to produce, along with E. L. James. Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan were confirmed to return for the sequels. On January 28, 2016, Kim Basinger joined the film, to play Elena Lincoln, Grey's business partner and former dominant, while Luke Grimes, Eloise Mumford and Max Martini were set to reprise their characters from the first film. On February 5, Bella Heathcote was cast as Leila, one of Grey's former submissives. In the same month, Eric Johnson was cast to play Jack Hyde. On February 18, Robinne Lee and Fay Masterson joined the film's cast. On February 26, Tyler Hoechlin was\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18887341\",\n \"text\": \"world of \\\"romance\\\" after she interviews him for her school newspaper. Their kinky relationship stumbles forward despite Christian's shortcomings as a lover and the antics of his racist adoptive mother Claire, his well-endowed brother Eli and Hannah's hyper-sexual roommate Kateesha. On June 3, 2015, it was announced that Open Road Films had acquired the US distribution rights to the yet-to-be made film for $5 million. Principal photography on the film began August 11, 2015, in Los Angeles. The film was released in North America on January 29, 2016, alongside \\\"Kung Fu Panda 3\\\", \\\"The Finest Hours\\\", and \\\"Jane Got a\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Black\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485812\",\n \"text\": \"Sia, was released on January 27, 2015. To date, the soundtrack has sold 516,000 copies in the United States. In February 2013, Universal chairman Adam Fogelson said the film \\\"could be ready to release ... as early as next summer.\\\" The studio initially announced an August 1, 2014, release. However, in November 2013, it was pushed back to February 13, 2015, in time for Valentine's Day. \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" was first screened at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015. The film was released in 75 IMAX screens across the US on February 13, 2015. On\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485802\",\n \"text\": \"the rights to the trilogy in March 2013. Author James sought to retain some control during the movie's creative process. James chose \\\"The Social Network\\\" producers Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti to produce the film. Although \\\"American Psycho\\\" writer Bret Easton Ellis publicly expressed his desire to write the screenplay for \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", Kelly Marcel, screenwriter of \\\"Saving Mr. Banks\\\", was hired for the job. Patrick Marber was brought in by Taylor-Wood to polish the screenplay, specifically to do some \\\"character work\\\". Universal hired Mark Bomback for script doctoring. Mark Bridges served as the costume designer. \\\"Entertainment\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485835\",\n \"text\": \"Brazil, ($31.3 million), France ($29.5 million), and Spain ($22.6 million). \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" received generally negative reviews, with criticism of its acting, screenplay, and pacing; however, some critics noted it as an improvement over the book, and others praised the cinematography and set design. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 25% based on 261 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \\\"While creatively better endowed than its print counterpart, \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" is a less than satisfying experience on the screen.\\\" Metacritic gave the film a score of 46\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485803\",\n \"text\": \"Weekly\\\" estimated the film's budget as \\\"$40 million-or-so\\\". By May 9, 2013, the studio was considering Joe Wright to direct, but this proved unworkable due to Wright's schedule. Other directors who had been under consideration included Patty Jenkins, Bill Condon, Bennett Miller, and Steven Soderbergh. In June 2013, E. L. James announced Sam Taylor-Johnson would direct the film adaptation. Johnson was paid over $2 million for directing the film. \\\"9½ Weeks\\\", \\\"Last Tango in Paris\\\", and \\\"Blue Is the Warmest Colour\\\" were all cited by Taylor-Johnson as inspirations for the film. Bret Easton Ellis stated that Robert Pattinson had been\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18587257\",\n \"text\": \"cast to play Boyce Fox, and on April 7, it was reported that Hugh Dancy had joined to play Dr. John Flynn, Grey's psychiatrist; neither actor appeared in the finished film. Principal photography was initially set to begin in Vancouver in June 2015. However, it was later postponed due to delays in the script. It was later reported that filming would begin in February 2016 in Vancouver, while the studio North Shore Studios was booked for the film. In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that the film and \\\"Freed\\\" would be shot back-to-back, with principal photography scheduled to commence in\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485801\",\n \"text\": \"the contract, and in an effort to understand Christian psychologically, Ana asks him to demonstrate how he would \\\"punish\\\" her for rule breaking. Christian whips Ana's buttocks with a belt. Upset and disgusted, Ana breaks up with Christian after concluding that he is wrong for her and his practices border on being deviant and excessive. By early 2013, several Hollywood studios were keen to obtain film rights to \\\"The New York Times\\\" bestselling \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" trilogy of novels. Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount, Universal, and Mark Wahlberg's production company submitted bids for the film rights. Universal Pictures and Focus Features secured\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16416055\",\n \"text\": \"list of the highest-earning authors with earnings of $95m which included $5m for the film rights to \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\". On 1 June 2015 James announced the upcoming release of \\\"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian\\\", which was released into stores on 18 June 2015. \\\"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian\\\" was released November 28, 2017. James was one of the British celebrities, including Tom Hiddleston, Benedict Cumberbatch and Rachel Riley, to design and sign her own card for the UK children's charity Thomas Coram Foundation for Children. The campaign was launched by crafting\",\n \"title\": \"E. L. James\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485844\",\n \"text\": \"James' husband, Niall Leonard, was enlisted to write the script for the film's sequel. In the same month, at the 2015 Universal CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Universal announced the release dates of the sequels, with \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" being released on February 10, 2017, and \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\" was released on February 9, 2018. However, the sequels did not see Sam Taylor-Johnson returning as director. On August 20, 2015, the U.S. \\\"House of Cards\\\" director James Foley was a frontrunner to direct the sequel. In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films will be shot back-to-back. A spoof version\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19323019\",\n \"text\": \"relationship under Ana's terms. However, their relationship is tested when Christian's past threatens the couple. Believing they've left behind the shadowy figures from the past, billionaire Christian Grey and his new wife, Anastasia, fully embrace their inextricable connection and shared life of luxury. Just as the Greys begin to step into their new roles, sinister events come to light and jeopardize their happy ending before it even begins. With a combined worldwide gross over $1.3 billion, the franchise is the fourth biggest R-rated franchise ever, behind only \\\"The Matrix\\\" ($1.6 billion over three films), \\\"The Hangover\\\" ($1.4 billion over three\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8754608\",\n \"text\": \"Dakota Johnson Dakota Mayi Johnson (born October 4, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her starring role as Anastasia Steele in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" film series (2015–18). For her performances in the series, she received the People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress and a BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination, among others. Johnson made her acting debut in the film \\\"Crazy in Alabama\\\" (1999). She held supporting roles in the films \\\"The Social Network\\\" (2010), \\\"Beastly\\\" (2011), \\\"21 Jump Street\\\" (2012), \\\"The Five-Year Engagement\\\" (2012), and \\\"Need for Speed\\\" (2014). Following her \\\"Fifty\",\n \"title\": \"Dakota Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485826\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Mamma Mia!\\\", \\\"Kung Fu Panda 2\\\", and \\\"Wonder Woman\\\"), and at the time of the end of its theatrical run, it was the fourth-highest-grossing R-rated film of all time (behind \\\"The Hangover Part II\\\", \\\"The Passion of the Christ\\\", and \\\"The Matrix Reloaded\\\"). \\\"Deadline Hollywood\\\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $256.55 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film. Tickets went on sale in the United States from January 11, 2015. According to ticket-selling site Fandango, \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" is the fastest-selling R-rated title in the site's 15-year history, surpassing \\\"Sex and\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19323015\",\n \"text\": \"for the sequels. On February 5, Bella Heathcote was cast as Leila, one of Grey's former submissives. In the same month, Eric Johnson was cast to play Jack Hyde, Ana's boss at SIP. On February 18, 2016, Robinne Lee and Fay Masterson joined the film's cast. On February 20, Brant Daugherty signed on to play Luke Sawyer, the personal bodyguard for Anastasia in the third film. For \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", principal photography was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, which began on December 1, 2013. Scenes were filmed in the Gastown district of Vancouver. Bentall 5 was used as\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18817963\",\n \"text\": \"of her friend/roommate Katherine \\\"Kate\\\" Kavanagh (being sick with the flu at the time) for the university newspaper. The characters develop an attraction for each other and Christian proposes a sadomasochistic relationship with Ana. Christian hopes that his relationship with Ana will relieve the effects of a traumatic childhood, but his dark sexual proclivities and self-loathing drive Ana away. Ana is initially naive about Christian's sadism and the power dynamics in their relationship but as the novel progresses she comes to understand that his behaviour is cold and controlling. On 1 June 2015 James announced that she was in the\",\n \"title\": \"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485811\",\n \"text\": \"Christian experience flashbacks. Christian jogs in the rain, while Ana sobs in her apartment. Christian encounters a gift Ana gave him with the note: \\\"This reminded me of a happy time. —Ana\\\". James said that the would be released on February 10, 2015. The first single, \\\"Earned It\\\", by The Weeknd, was released on December 24, 2014. On January 7, 2015, the second single, \\\"Love Me like You Do\\\" by Ellie Goulding was released, later reaching the top three on the Billboard Hot 100, and becoming a hit for the soundtrack. A promotional single, \\\"Salted Wound\\\" by Australian recording artist\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485824\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Williams of the Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture commented on the release of the film in the United States on Valentine's Day, stating \\\"The irony of Universal Pictures' decision to release its bondage-erotica film Fifty Shades of Grey on the day dedicated to honoring a Christian martyr has not gone unnoticed to many observers, who seem to find the choice unclassy at best.\\\" \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" was released via DVD and Blu-ray on May 8, 2015. The Blu-ray edition features an unrated cut of the film; the version includes an additional three minutes of footage, the\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382182\",\n \"text\": \"Christian's point of view, was published in June 2015. Anastasia \\\"Ana\\\" Steele is a 21-year-old college senior attending Washington State University in Vancouver, Washington. Her best friend is Katherine \\\"Kate\\\" Kavanagh, who writes for the college newspaper. Due to an illness, Kate is unable to interview 27-year-old Christian Grey, a successful and wealthy Seattle entrepreneur, and asks Ana to take her place. Ana finds Christian attractive as well as intimidating. As a result, she stumbles through the interview and leaves Christian's office believing it went poorly. Ana does not expect to meet Christian again, but he appears at the hardware\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485838\",\n \"text\": \"wrote that \\\"it might nonetheless be a movie that feels good to see, whether you squirm or giggle or roll your eyes or just sit still and take your punishment.\\\" In a positive review for \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\", Robbie Collin called the film \\\"sexy, funny and self-aware in every way the original book isn't.\\\" Elizabeth Weitzman of New York's \\\"Daily News\\\" praised the directing, screenplay, and Johnson's performance, but called Dornan's performance, the leads' chemistry, and the supporting cast \\\"underused\\\". She praised the film for honoring the essence of its source and the director's way of balancing \\\"atmosphere with action\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485797\",\n \"text\": \"Darker\\\" and \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\", released in 2017 and 2018 respectively. 21-year-old Anastasia \\\"Ana\\\" Steele is an English literature major at Washington State University’s satellite campus near Vancouver, Washington. When her roommate, Kate Kavanagh, becomes ill and is unable to interview Christian Grey, a 27-year-old billionaire entrepreneur, for the college newspaper, Ana agrees to go in her place. At Christian's Seattle headquarters called Grey House, Ana stumbles her way through the meeting. Christian, who is that year's WSU commencement speaker, takes an interest in her; soon after, he visits the hardware store where Ana works. He agrees to Ana's request\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17422638\",\n \"text\": \"2015, director Sam Taylor-Johnson confirmed two sequels to be succeeded after the first film, with \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" to be released February 10, 2017. Fifty Shades (novel series) Fifty Shades is a series of erotic novels by E. L. James. Initially a trilogy consisting of \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" (2011), \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" and \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\" (2012), the series traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business man, Christian Grey. Grey introduces Ana to the world of BDSM. James has spoken of her shock at the success of the book, \\\"The explosion of\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485828\",\n \"text\": \"Grey\\\" pre-sold 4.5 million tickets in 39 markets. In the UK, it sold £1.3 million ($1.9 million) worth of tickets a week before release. On release, it set several records at the box office, including: In the US and Canada, it is the highest-grossing sex film, the seventeenth highest-grossing film of 2015, and the fourth-highest-grossing romantic film of all time. It opened in the US and Canada simultaneously with \\\"\\\" on Thursday, February 12, 2015, across 2,830 theaters and was widened to 3,646 theaters the next day making it the widest R-rated opening (surpassed by \\\"\\\"), and the fourth-widest R-rated\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485796\",\n \"text\": \"an immediate box office success, breaking numerous box office records and earning over $571 million worldwide. The film was the most awarded at the 36th Golden Raspberry Awards, winning five of six nominations, including Worst Picture (tied with \\\"Fantastic Four\\\") and both leading roles. In contrast, Ellie Goulding's single \\\"Love Me like You Do\\\" was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, while The Weeknd's single \\\"Earned It\\\" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. It is the first film in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" film series and was followed by two sequels, \\\"Fifty Shades\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18587268\",\n \"text\": \"again, the story involves the on-and-off, tie-her-up, tie-her-down romance between Anastasia Steele (Ms. Johnson) and her billionaire boyfriend, Christian Grey (Jamie Dornan), a guy with sculptured muscles, expensive playthings and dreary issues. Stuff and kink happens: A gun is fired, a would-be rapist is punished and Anastasia is bound hand and foot. Mostly, she advances and retreats (repeat), mewls and moans, and registers surprise each time Christian tries to dominate her outside the bedroom, evincing the kind of stalkerlike behavior that usually leads to restraining orders. Richard Brody of \\\"The New Yorker\\\" described the film as inferior to the first,\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485817\",\n \"text\": \"that the film could receive an NC-17 rating in the United States. Studios typically steer away from the adults-only rating due to the impact the classification has on a film's commercial viability, with some theater chains refusing to exhibit NC-17-rated films. While screenwriter Marcel said she expected the film to be NC-17-rated, producer De Luca anticipated the less restrictive R rating. On January 5, 2015, the MPAA did give the film an R rating, basing its decision on \\\"strong sexual content including dialogue, some unusual behavior and graphic nudity, and language.\\\" On January 30, in Australia, the film was rated\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485820\",\n \"text\": \"chairman, Abdul Halim Abdul Hamid, said Fifty Shades was \\\"more pornography than a movie.\\\" The film was also banned in Indonesia, Kenya, Russia's North Caucasus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Papua New Guinea, Cambodia, and India. The film was released in Nigeria for a week, before being removed from cinemas by the National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB). Studios will not pursue a theatrical release in China. The film's sex scenes were censored after protests from various religious groups in the Philippines, and as a result it is in limited release in that country with an R-18 rating from\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485814\",\n \"text\": \"days before the trailer's release. On July 24, Dornan and Johnson were on \\\"The Today Show\\\" to present part of the trailer appropriate for morning television; the full trailer, which contained more racy scenes, was released later the same day on the internet (200 days before its initial theatrical release). The trailer featured a new version of \\\"Crazy in Love\\\" by Beyoncé, which was scored and arranged by her frequent collaborator Boots. The trailer was viewed 36.4 million times in the week after its July 24 release. This made it the most viewed trailer on YouTube in 2014, until it\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2166831\",\n \"text\": \"serial killer Patrick Bateman in \\\"American Psycho\\\" (2000). In 2004, he lost 63 pounds for his role in the psychological thriller \\\"The Machinist\\\" (2004). Within six months, he gained 100 pounds to star as Batman in Christopher Nolan's superhero film \\\"Batman Begins\\\" (2005). He later reprised his role in \\\"The Dark Knight\\\" and \\\"The Dark Knight Rises\\\". Bale continued to take on starring roles, in Nolan's period drama \\\"The Prestige\\\" (2006), the western \\\"\\\" (2007), the science fiction film \\\"Terminator Salvation\\\" (2009), and the crime drama \\\"Public Enemies\\\" (2009). He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his\",\n \"title\": \"Christian Bale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4288021\",\n \"text\": \"producing Paul Greengrass' \\\"Captain Phillips\\\". De Luca also produced the 2011 remake of the cult classic vampire horror film \\\"Fright Night\\\". De Luca and Dana Brunetti reunited for \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey,\\\" the 2015 film adaptation of the best-selling novel of the same name. It was a massive financial success, becoming one of the highest-grossing R-rated films of all time. De Luca was previously in a relationship with actress Julianne Moore, star of New Line's Boogie Nights. In 2009, he married actress Angelique Madrid (born 1974) from Ft. Worth, Texas, who was a contestant on the first season of ABC's\",\n \"title\": \"Michael De Luca\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485833\",\n \"text\": \"film and the second-biggest for a non-sequel film (behind \\\"I Am Legend)\\\". In just 10 days of release it became the highest-grossing 18-rated film of all time. It topped the UK box office for two consecutive weekends. Other high openings include Germany ($14.1 million), France ($12.3 million), Russia ($11 million), Italy ($10.1 million), Spain ($8.7 million), Brazil ($8.3 million), Mexico ($8.1 million), Australia ($8 million). In Japan, the film was unsuccessful opening at No. 5 with $682,000 but falling out of the top 10 the following week. \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" cited out possible reasons for the film's failure, attributing it\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485825\",\n \"text\": \"bulk of which are in the form of an alternative ending. Upon its release on home media in the U.S., the film topped both the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks combined Blu-ray Disc and DVD sales, as well as the Blu-ray Disc sales chart for two consecutive weeks up to the week ending May 17, 2015. \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" grossed $166.2 million in the US and Canada and $404.8 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $571 million against a budget of $40 million. It is currently the fourth-highest-grossing film directed by a woman (behind\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18134025\",\n \"text\": \"new project, and it was announced that Kim Basinger would play Elena Lincoln. Fifty Shades Darker Fifty Shades Darker is a 2012 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the second installment in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" trilogy that traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey. The first and third volumes, \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" and \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\", were published in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The novel is published by Vintage Books and reached No. 1 on the \\\"USA Today\\\" best seller list. Three days after\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades Darker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485823\",\n \"text\": \"not our job to censor the content of a widespread movie. It's not in our best interest. It's not in the community's best interest.\\\" The film sold 3,000 tickets before the release and was expected to sell a total of 10,000 tickets. The American Family Association called for theaters not to show the film: \\\"The irony is not lost that the film's main character is named, 'Christian,' while this film presents anything but a 'Christian' view of intimacy ... It is the epitome of elevating abuse, and we call on all theaters to reject promoting such abuse on their screens.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485807\",\n \"text\": \"both suggested I do a reading with Dakota, who was her favorite, and as soon as we got in the room and I started reading with Dakota I knew that I definitely wanted to do it. There's just like a tangible chemistry between us. It felt exciting and fun and weird and compelling.\\\" In response to the negative reaction that the casting drew from fans, producer Dana Brunetti said: \\\"There is a lot that goes into casting that isn't just looks. Talent, availability, their desire to do it, chemistry with other actor, etc. So if your favorite wasn't cast, then\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382192\",\n \"text\": \"principal characters renamed Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele and removed it from her website before publication. Meyer commented on the series, saying \\\"that's really not my genre, not my thing... Good on her—she's doing well. That's great!\\\" This reworked and extended version of \\\"Master of the Universe\\\" was split into three parts. The first, titled \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", was released as an e-book and a print on demand paperback in May 2011 by The Writers' Coffee Shop, a virtual publisher based in Australia. The second volume, \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\", was released in September 2011; and the third, \\\"Fifty Shades\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485831\",\n \"text\": \"consecutive weekends before falling to No. 4 in its third weekend while \\\"Focus\\\" took the top spot. Outside the US and Canada, box office analysts were predicting as much as $158 million opening. It opened Wednesday, February 11, 2015, in 4 countries, earning $3.7 million. It opened in 34 more countries on February 12, earning $28.6 million in two days. The film set opening-day records for Universal Pictures in 25 markets and opening day records for an R-rated film in 34 territories. Through Sunday, February 15, it earned an opening-weekend total of $156 million from 58 countries from 10,979 screens\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19323010\",\n \"text\": \"the second, \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\", was released on February 10, 2017. \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\", the third film, was released on February 9, 2018. Worldwide, the series has grossed over $1.320 billion, making it the fourth highest-grossing R-rated franchise of all-time. Two years after the trilogy's first novel was released, several distribution companies had bid for the rights of the trilogy. Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount and Universal, as well as Mark Wahlberg's production company, put in bids for the film rights. The winning bid went to Universal Studios and Focus Features, at $5 million. With James gaining control over the process\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17007142\",\n \"text\": \"fiction work in the Twilight fictional universe. It was originally called Master of the Universe and written as \\\"Snowdragons Icequeen\\\". The original trilogy, \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\", \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\", have been published as an omnibus edition called the \\\"\\\"Fifty Shades\\\" Trilogy\\\". Fifty Shades Fifty Shades is an adult erotic BDSM romance franchise created by E. L. James; originating as a fanfic about the young-adult genre \\\"Twilight\\\" teen romance novel series by Stephenie Meyer. It has produced a novel series, with an original novel trilogy and two follow-up novels, as well as a film trilogy. Anastasia Steele,\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485800\",\n \"text\": \"a laptop. After Ana and Kate move to Seattle, Ana continues seeing Christian. During dinner at Christian's parents, Ana suddenly mentions she is leaving the next day to visit her mother in Georgia. Later, Christian becomes frustrated when Ana says that she wants more than the one-sided relationship he proposes. She is shocked when Christian unexpectedly arrives in Georgia; they have sex again but he leaves soon afterward, to tend to an emergency in Seattle. After returning home, Ana continues seeing Christian, who wants further sexual experimentation. Ana initially consents, but Christian keeps emotionally distant, upsetting her. While still considering\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8373483\",\n \"text\": \"released on 1 August 2014, the film was later rescheduled and released on 13 February 2015. On 27 August 2014, it was announced that Dornan would play Dr. Allan Pascal in a Miramax film titled \\\"The 9th Life of Louis Drax\\\", a supernatural thriller based on a book of the same name. It was released on 2 September 2016. In November 2014, Dornan was #3 in \\\"People Magazine's\\\" Sexiest Man Alive rankings. In February 2015, it was confirmed that Dornan had signed on to reprise his role in the second and third installments of the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" film franchise, \\\"Fifty\",\n \"title\": \"Jamie Dornan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485837\",\n \"text\": \"film one and a half stars out of five and wrote that it \\\"feels like two, distinct films grappling for dominance over the screen: one a sensual and stylish romance, and the other a numbingly explicit Harlequin bodice-ripper brought to life. Regrettably, the latter and lesser of the two ends up on top\\\". \\\"The Guardian\\\" lead film critic Peter Bradshaw gave the film one star out of five, calling it \\\"the most purely tasteful and softcore depiction of sadomasochism in cinema history\\\" with \\\"strictly daytime soap\\\" performances. A. O. Scott of \\\"The New York Times\\\" called the movie \\\"terrible\\\", but\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382185\",\n \"text\": \"Ana leaves with Christian, but not before she discovers that Kate has been flirting with Christian's brother, Elliot. Later, Ana wakes to find herself in Christian's hotel room, where he scolds her for not taking proper care of herself. Christian then reveals that he would like to have sex with her. He initially says that Ana will first have to fill in paperwork, but later goes back on this statement after making out with her in the elevator. Ana goes on a date with Christian, on which he takes her in his helicopter, \\\"Charlie Tango\\\", to his apartment. Once there,\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485798\",\n \"text\": \"for a photo shoot to accompany the article for which Ana had interviewed him. Christian invites Ana for coffee, but he leaves abruptly, saying he is not the man for her. Christian later sends Ana first edition copies of two Thomas Hardy novels, including \\\"Tess of the d'Urbervilles\\\", as a gift. Ana and her friends celebrate graduation at a local bar. After drinking too much, Ana spontaneously calls Christian, saying she is returning the books and berates his behavior towards her. Christian goes to the bar and finds Ana, who passes out. She wakes up the next morning in Christian's\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485836\",\n \"text\": \"out of 100, based on reviews from 46 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\". In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of \\\"C+\\\" on an A+ to F scale. Claudia Puig of \\\"USA Today\\\" wrote that \\\"the dialogue is laughable, the pacing is sluggish and the performances are one-note.\\\" Moira Macdonald of \\\"The Seattle Times\\\" wrote: \\\"\\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" the movie, for the record, is not quite as bad as \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" the book. But that's not saying much\\\". \\\"We Got This Covered\\\" critic Isaac Feldberg gave the\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15838424\",\n \"text\": \"Walt Disney for BBC Films, based on an earlier draft by Sue Smith. The script, \\\"Saving Mr. Banks\\\", landed on the 2011 Black List, and was acquired by Disney. The film was released in 2013, directed by John Lee Hancock, and starring Tom Hanks as Walt Disney and Emma Thompson as P. L. Travers. Marcel and Smith shared writing credit. Marcel was nominated for Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer at the 67th Annual BAFTA Awards. Marcel was hired in 2012 to adapt E. L. James' bestselling erotic novel \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", with Sam Taylor-Johnson directing,\",\n \"title\": \"Kelly Marcel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485839\",\n \"text\": \"In \\\"The Guardian\\\", Jordan Hoffmann awarded the film three out of five stars, writing, \\\"this big screen adaptation still manages to be about people, and even a little bit sweet\\\", and that the sex scenes \\\"are there to advance the plot, and only the most buttoned-up prude will be scandalised.\\\" Lisa Schwarzbaum of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" gave the film a B−, writing: \\\"This perfectly normal way of consuming erotica suggests that the movie \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" will work better as home entertainment, when each viewer can race past the blah-blah about how well Christian plays the piano and pause on\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18587255\",\n \"text\": \"would be \\\"more of a thriller.\\\" In July 2015, it was confirmed that singer Rita Ora would reprise her role, Mia Grey, in the sequel. On August 20, 2015, it was revealed by \\\"Deadline\\\" that James Foley was the front-runner to direct the sequel and third film \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\", while the studio was also eyeing other directors, including Rebecca Thomas, Mark Pellington, and Tanya Wexler, and talks with Foley had not yet begun. On November 12, 2015, TheWrap confirmed that Foley would direct both sequels, which would be shot back-to-back in 2016, with Michael De Luca and Brunetti returning\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485818\",\n \"text\": \"MA15+ by the ACB for \\\"strong sex scenes, sexual themes and nudity\\\". On February 2, 2015, the British BBFC classified the film an 18 certificate, mentioning \\\"strong sex\\\". In Canada, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia, the film was rated at 18A by the OFRB, MFCB, AFR, and BCFCO, respectively, due to its \\\"occasional upsetting or disturbing scenes, and partial or full nudity in a brief sexual situation.\\\" In Quebec, the Régie du cinéma rated the movie under the 16+ category for its eroticism. In France, the film earned a 12 rating. In Lebanon, the film earned an NC-21 rating.\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2166830\",\n \"text\": \"Christian Bale Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English-American actor. He is known for his intense method acting style, often transforming his body drastically for his roles. The recipient of many awards, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe, he was featured in the Time 100 list of 2011. Born in Haverfordwest, Wales, to English parents, Bale had his first starring role at age 13 in Steven Spielberg's war film \\\"Empire of the Sun\\\" (1987). Following a decade of leading and supporting roles, including in \\\"Little Women\\\" (1994), he gained wider recognition for portraying the\",\n \"title\": \"Christian Bale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20403195\",\n \"text\": \"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian Darker: Fifty Shades Darker As Told by Christian, also referred to as Darker, is a 2017 erotic romance by British author, E. L. James. It is the fifth installment in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" novel series. The books were originally told by Anastasia Steele, the main protagonist, whereas \\\"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian\\\" is told from the male character's point of view of the events of the second installment, \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\". The novel was released on 28 November 2017. After breaking up in \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", billionaire Christian\",\n \"title\": \"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12392705\",\n \"text\": \"Bell (voiced by Mae Whitman) and the best friend of Spike (voiced by Debby Ryan) in the animated Disney film \\\"Secret of the Wings\\\", released on direct to video in October 2012. Hale was originally auditioned for Anastasia Steele in \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" and Carly Spencer in \\\"\\\". But the roles were later portrayed by Dakota Johnson and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, respectively. Hale was co-hosted for two television event shows, the 2013 Teen Choice Awards with Darren Criss and the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards Pre-Show with Sway. In 2018, Hale was cast in The CW comedy-drama series \\\"Life Sentence\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Lucy Hale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3793079\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Tartuffe\\\", and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1995. Other television credits include \\\"The Camomile Lawn\\\" (1992), \\\"A Gifted Man\\\" (2011–2012) and \\\"The Looming Tower\\\" (2018). She has also appeared in supporting roles in such films as \\\"Wilde\\\" (1997), \\\"Sunshine\\\" (1999), \\\"The King's Speech\\\" (2010), \\\"Contagion\\\" (2011), \\\"Zero Dark Thirty\\\" (2012), \\\"RoboCop\\\" (2014), and \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" (2015). Ehle also portrayed Lydia Marsh in \\\"The Miseducation of Cameron Post\\\" (2018). Ehle was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, to English actress Rosemary Harris and American author John Ehle. Aside from English, her ancestry includes Romanian (from a maternal great-grandmother)\",\n \"title\": \"Jennifer Ehle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382181\",\n \"text\": \"copies worldwide by June 2015. It has been translated into 52 languages, and set a record in the United Kingdom as the fastest-selling paperback of all time. Critical reception of the book, however, has tended towards the negative, with the quality of its prose generally seen as poor. Universal Pictures and Focus Features produced a film adaptation, which was released on 13 February 2015 and also received generally unfavourable reviews. The second and third volumes of the trilogy, \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" and \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\", were published in 2012. \\\"\\\", a version of \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\" being told from\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485834\",\n \"text\": \"to the \\\"delayed release of the new Japanese-language editions of the books, poor timing for the film release and an R-15, re-edit blurring out parts of the sex scenes.\\\" It topped the box office outside of the US for three consecutive weekends until it was overtaken by Warner Bros.' \\\"Jupiter Ascending\\\" in its fourth weekend. It became Universal Pictures' highest-grossing R-rated film of all time overseas (breaking \\\"Ted\\\"s record), Universal Pictures' highest-grossing film in 14 countries, and Universal Pictures' eighth-highest-grossing film overseas. In total earnings, its largest markets overseas are the UK, Ireland and Malta ($52.5 million), Germany ($43.7 million),\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382187\",\n \"text\": \"following morning, Ana and Christian again have sex. His mother arrives moments after their sexual encounter and is surprised by the meeting, having previously thought Christian was homosexual, because he was never seen with a woman. Christian later takes Ana out to eat, and he reveals that he lost his virginity at age 15 to one of his mother's friends, Elena Lincoln, and that his previous dominant/submissive relationships failed due to incompatibility. Christian also reveals that in his first dominant/submissive relationship he was the submissive. Christian and Ana plan to meet again, and he takes Ana home, where she discovers\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485816\",\n \"text\": \"A third trailer aired during Super Bowl XLIX, on February 1, 2015. The film was promoted through an ad campaign that asked people whether they were \\\"curious\\\". Nick Carpou, Universal's president of domestic distribution, said: \\\"Our campaign gave people permission to see the film.\\\" \\\"Valentines is a big deal for couples and a great relationship event, and the date with the long Presidents Day weekend created a perfect storm for us. This date positioned us to take full advantage of the romance angle, which is how we sold the film in our marketing campaign,\\\" he said. There was initial speculation\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382213\",\n \"text\": \"the release of \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey: A XXX Adaptation\\\", a pornographic film based on the novel, citing copyright and trademark infringement. Smash Pictures, the porn producer, later responded to the lawsuit with a counterclaim that \\\"much or all\\\" of the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" material was placed in the public domain in its original \\\"Twilight\\\"-based form, but later capitulated and stopped production of their film. Stage productions include: Fifty Shades of Grey Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the first instalment in the \\\"Fifty Shades\\\" trilogy that traces the\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2166852\",\n \"text\": \"visited survivors in an Aurora, Colorado hospital. The film garnered further critical praise and financial achievement, earning more than $1 billion worldwide. Currently, the film is the tenth highest-grossing film worldwide unadjusted for inflation and the third highest-grossing film released in 2012, as well as the most financially successful movie in which Bale has starred. After \\\"Batman Begins\\\", Bale returned to appearing in independent films. He was cast as one of the two lead roles in the South Central Los Angeles David Ayer-helmed crime drama \\\"Harsh Times\\\", co-starring Freddy Rodriguez and Eva Longoria. Bale played Jim Luther Davis, an aloof\",\n \"title\": \"Christian Bale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485810\",\n \"text\": \"Scenes were filmed in the Gastown district of Vancouver. Bentall 5 was used as the Grey Enterprises building. The University of British Columbia serves as Washington State University Vancouver, from which Ana graduates. The Fairmont Hotel Vancouver was used as the Heathman Hotel. The film was also shot at the North Shore Studios. The production officially ended on February 21, 2014. Reshoots involving scenes between Dornan and Johnson took place in Vancouver during the week of October 13, 2014. The film was shot under the working title \\\"\\\"The Adventures of Max and Banks\\\".\\\" In an alternative ending, both Ana and\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16382184\",\n \"text\": \"conversation, Ana learns that Christian is also single, but he says he is not romantic. Ana is intrigued, but believes she is not attractive enough for Christian. Later, Ana receives a package from Christian containing first edition copies of \\\"Tess of the d'Urbervilles\\\", which stuns her. Later that night, Ana goes out drinking with her friends and ends up drunk dialling Christian, who informs her that he will be coming to pick her up because of her inebriated state. Ana goes outside to get some fresh air, and José attempts to kiss her, but he is stopped by Christian's arrival.\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17485829\",\n \"text\": \"release of all time. It earned $8.6 million from Thursday night previews which is the second-highest late-night gross for a film released in February (behind \\\"Deadpool\\\") and the third-highest for an R-rated film (behind \\\"Deadpool\\\" and \\\"The Hangover Part II\\\"). The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.2 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,646 theaters setting a record for highest February opening day (previously held by \\\"The Passion of the Christ\\\") and fourth-highest overall among R-rated films. During its traditional three-day opening the film opened at No. 1 at the box office earning $85.1 million, setting\",\n \"title\": \"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20670822\",\n \"text\": \"read \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey.\\\" The film's background score is composed by Somesh Saha and it features vocals by singer Garima Yagnik. Jackie Shroff won \\\"Best Actor Male Award\\\" at Filmfare Awards 2018 for his role in the film. Khujli Khujli is a 2017 Indian short drama film written & directed by Sonam Nair, produced by Chintan Ruparel & Anuj Gosalia and starring Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta. It was released on 31 March 2017 by Terribly Tiny Talkies to their official YouTube handle. The film marks debut of Jackie Shroff in short films. In a room, a bed is\",\n \"title\": \"Khujli\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2620064\",\n \"text\": \"Simon Baker Simon Baker (born 30 July 1969) is an Australian actor and director. In his television acting career, he is known for his lead roles in the CBS television series \\\"The Mentalist\\\" (as Patrick Jane) and \\\"The Guardian\\\" (as Nicholas Fallin). In his film acting career, he is best known for his roles as Max Rourke in the remake of the Japanese horror film \\\"The Ring Two\\\", Riley Denbo in \\\"Land of the Dead\\\" and Christian Thompson in the film adaptation of \\\"The Devil Wears Prada\\\". Before joining Hollywood, Simon Baker has acted in various TV shows such as\",\n \"title\": \"Simon Baker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15375599\",\n \"text\": \"Bella Heathcote Isabella Heathcote (born 27 May 1987) is an Australian actress. She began her acting career in 2008. The following year, she had a recurring role as Amanda Fowler on the television soap opera \\\"Neighbours\\\". Heathcote has since portrayed governess Victoria Winters in Tim Burton's film adaptation of \\\"Dark Shadows\\\", Jane Bennett in \\\"Pride and Prejudice and Zombies\\\", model Gigi in \\\"The Neon Demon\\\", Nicole Dörmer in the dystopian alternate history thriller series \\\"The Man in the High Castle\\\", Leila Williams, a deranged ex-lover of Christian Grey, in \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" and Olive Byrne in \\\"Professor Marston and the\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Heathcote\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays christian grey in 50 shades of grey"}}},{"rowIdx":91,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["late 14th-century"],"string":"[\n \"late 14th-century\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"391743","text":"of Henry Savile in Yorkshire. Little is known about its previous ownership, and until 1824, when the manuscript was introduced to the academic community in a second edition of Thomas Warton's \"History\" edited by Richard Price, it was almost entirely unknown. Even then, the \"Gawain\" poem was not published in its entirety until 1839. Now held in the British Library, it has been dated to the late 14th century, meaning the poet was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, author of \"The Canterbury Tales\", though it is unlikely that they ever met. The three other works found in the same manuscript","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391731","text":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Middle English: \"Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt\") is a late 14th-century Middle English chivalric romance. It is one of the best known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folklore motifs, the beheading game and the exchange of winnings. Written in stanzas of alliterative verse, each of which ends in a rhyming bob and wheel, it draws on Welsh, Irish, and English stories, as well as the French chivalric tradition. It is an important example of a chivalric romance, which typically involves a hero who","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391824","text":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Middle English: \"Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt\") is a late 14th-century Middle English chivalric romance. It is one of the best known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folklore motifs, the beheading game and the exchange of winnings. Written in stanzas of alliterative verse, each of which ends in a rhyming bob and wheel, it draws on Welsh, Irish, and English stories, as well as the French chivalric tradition. It is an important example of a chivalric romance, which typically involves a hero who","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391745","text":"authorship is John Massey of Cotton, Cheshire. He is known to have lived in the dialect region of the Gawain Poet and is thought to have written the poem \"St. Erkenwald\", which some scholars argue bears stylistic similarities to \"Gawain\". \"St. Erkenwald\", however, has been dated by some scholars to a time outside the Gawain Poet's era. Thus, ascribing authorship to John Massey is still controversial and most critics consider the Gawain Poet an unknown. The 2,530 lines and 101 stanzas that make up \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" are written in what linguists call the \"Alliterative Revival\" style","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391822","text":"Castle and in August 1995 at Brimham Rocks, North Yorkshire. Corble later wrote a substantially revised version which was produced indoors at the O'Reilly Theatre, Oxford in February 2014. \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" was first adapted as an opera in 1978 by the composer Richard Blackford on commission from the village of Blewbury, Oxfordshire. The libretto was written for the adaptation by the children's novelist John Emlyn Edwards. The \"Opera in Six Scenes\" was subsequently recorded by Decca between March and June 1979 and released on the Argo label in November 1979. \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391733","text":"Gawain of the appointed time. In his struggles to keep his bargain, Gawain demonstrates chivalry and loyalty until his honour is called into question by a test involving Lady Bertilak, the lady of the Green Knight's castle. The poem survives in a single manuscript, the \"Cotton Nero A.x.\", which also includes three religious narrative poems: \"Pearl\", \"Purity\" and \"Patience\". All are thought to have been written by the same unknown author, dubbed the \"Pearl Poet\" or \"Gawain Poet\", since all four are written in a North West Midland dialect of Middle English. In Camelot on New Year's Day, King Arthur's","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391814","text":"a heterosexual world kisses between a man and a man are portrayed as having no such possibility. Though the surviving manuscript dates from the fourteenth century, the first published version of the poem did not appear until as late as 1839, when Sir Frederic Madden of the British Museum recognized the poem as worth reading. Madden's scholarly, Middle English edition of the poem was followed in 1898 by the first Modern English translation – a prose version by literary scholar Jessie L. Weston. In 1925, J.R.R. Tolkien and E.V. Gordon published a scholarly edition of the Middle English text of","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391744","text":"as \"Gawain\" (commonly known as \"Pearl\", \"Patience\", and \"Purity\" or \"Cleanliness\") are often considered to be written by the same author. However, the manuscript containing these poems was transcribed by a copyist and not by the original poet. Although nothing explicitly suggests that all four poems are by the same poet, comparative analysis of dialect, verse form, and diction have pointed towards single authorship. What is known today about the poet is largely general. As J. R. R. Tolkien and E. V. Gordon, after reviewing the text's allusions, style, and themes, concluded in 1925: The most commonly suggested candidate for","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391815","text":"\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"; a revised edition of this text was prepared by Norman Davis and published in 1967. The book, featuring a text in Middle English with extensive scholarly notes, is frequently confused with the translation into Modern English that Tolkien prepared, along with translations of \"Pearl\" and \"Sir Orfeo\", late in his life. Many editions of the latter work, first published in 1975, shortly after his death, list Tolkien on the cover as author rather than translator. For students, especially undergraduate students, the text is usually given in translation. Notable translators include Jessie Weston, whose 1898","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391817","text":"United Kingdom, and was published in the United States by Norton, which replaced Borroff's translation with Armitage's for the ninth edition of the \"Norton Anthology of English Literature\". Other modern translations include those by Larry Benson, Brian Stone, James Winny, Helen Cooper, W. S. Merwin, Jacob Rosenberg, William Vantuono, Joseph Glaser, Bernard O'Donoghue, John Gardner, and Francis Ingledew. In 2015, Zach Weinersmith published Augie and the Green Knight, a children's adaptation in which the protagonist is a young girl. A new and illustrated translation of the work by illustrator and historian Michael Smith is currently being crowdsourced by publisher Unbound","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"2025779","text":"Ages. \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" is a late-14th-century Middle English alliterative romance. It is one of the better-known Arthurian stories, of an established type known as the \"beheading game\". Developing from Welsh, Irish and English tradition \"Sir Gawain\" highlights the importance of honour and chivalry. \"Preserved in the same manuscript with Sir Gawayne were three other poems, now generally accepted as the work of its author, including the intricate elegiac poem, \"Pearl\".\" Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was","title":"British literature"},{"id":"391816","text":"prose translation and 1907 poetic translation took many liberties with the original; Theodore Banks, whose 1929 translation was praised for its adaptation of the language to modern usage; and Marie Borroff, whose imitative translation was first published in 1967 and \"entered the academic canon\" in 1968, in the second edition of the \"Norton Anthology of English Literature\". In 2010, her (slightly revised) translation was published as a Norton Critical Edition, with a foreword by Laura Howes. In 2007, Simon Armitage, who grew up near the Gawain poet's purported residence, published a translation which attracted attention in the US and the","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391742","text":"Round Table absolve him of blame and decide that henceforth that they will wear a green sash in recognition of Gawain's adventure and as a reminder to be always honest. Though the real name of \"The \"Gawain\" Poet\" (or poets) is unknown, some inferences about him can be drawn from an informed reading of his works. The manuscript of \"Gawain\" is known in academic circles as \"Cotton Nero A.x.\", following a naming system used by one of its owners, Robert Cotton, a collector of Medieval English texts. Before the \"Gawain\" manuscript came into Cotton's possession, it was in the library","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391785","text":"the epitome of perfection in knighthood through number symbolism. The number five is also found in the structure of the poem itself. \"Sir Gawain\" is 101 stanzas long, traditionally organised into four 'Fits' of 21, 24, 34, and 22 stanzas. These divisions, however, have since been disputed; scholars have begun to believe that they are the work of the copyist and not of the poet. The surviving manuscript features a series of capital letters added after the fact by another scribe, and some scholars argue that these additions were an attempt to restore the original divisions. These letters divide the","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391794","text":"of impending destruction. One of the key points stressed in this interpretation is that salvation is an individual experience difficult to communicate to outsiders. In his depiction of Camelot, the poet reveals a concern for his society, whose inevitable fall will bring about the ultimate destruction intended by God. \"Gawain\" was written around the time of the Black Death and Peasants' Revolt, events which convinced many people that their world was coming to an apocalyptic end and this belief was reflected in literature and culture. However, other critics see weaknesses in this view, since the Green Knight is ultimately under","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"12375150","text":"work is \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". Langland's \"Piers Plowman\" (written c. 1360–87) or \"Visio Willelmi de Petro Plowman\" (\"William's Vision of Piers Plowman\") is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem, written in unrhymed alliterative verse. \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" is a late 14th-century Middle English alliterative romance. It is one of the better-known Arthurian stories of an established type known as the \"beheading game\". Developing from Welsh, Irish and English tradition, \"Sir Gawain\" highlights the importance of honour and chivalry. Preserved in the same manuscript with Sir Gawayne were three other poems, now generally accepted as","title":"English literature"},{"id":"391773","text":"other poems: \"The Greene Knight\" and \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\". Scholars have attempted to connect him to other mythical characters, such as Jack in the green of English tradition and to Al-Khidr, but no definitive connection has yet been established. However, there is a possibility, as Alice Buchanan has argued, that the colour green is erroneously attributed to the Green Knight due to the poet's mistranslation or misunderstanding of the Irish word \"glas\", which could either mean grey or green. In the Death of Curoi (one of the Irish stories from Bricriu's Feast), Curoi stands in for Bertilak, and","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391767","text":"of their symbolic nature. The story starts on New Year's Eve with a beheading and culminates on the next New Year's Day. Gawain leaves Camelot on All Saints Day and arrives at Bertilak's castle on Christmas Eve. Furthermore, the Green Knight tells Gawain to meet him at the Green Chapel in \"a year and a day\"—a period of time seen often in medieval literature. Some scholars interpret the yearly cycles, each beginning and ending in winter, as the poet's attempt to convey the inevitable fall of all things good and noble in the world. Such a theme is strengthened by","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391808","text":"Gawain's make this area a likely candidate for the journey. Gawain's trek leads him directly into the centre of the Pearl Poet's dialect region, where the candidates for the locations of the Castle at Hautdesert and the Green Chapel stand. Hautdesert is thought to be in the area of Swythamley in northwest Midland, as it lies in the writer's dialect area and matches the topographical features described in the poem. The area is also known to have housed all of the animals hunted by Bertilak (deer, boar, fox) in the 14th century. The Green Chapel is thought to be in","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391807","text":"example, are mentioned in the poem. They exist today as a single island off the coast of Wales. In line 700, Gawain is said to pass the \"Holy Head\", believed by many scholars to be either Holywell or the Cistercian abbey of Poulton in Pulford. Holywell is associated with the beheading of Saint Winifred. As the story goes, Winifred was a virgin who was beheaded by a local leader after she refused his sexual advances. Her uncle, another saint, put her head back in place and healed the wound, leaving only a white scar. The parallels between this story and","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"4194583","text":"is in the late 14th century alliterative poem \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", which survives in only one manuscript along with other poems by the same author, the so-called Pearl Poet. This poet was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, writer of \"The Canterbury Tales\", although the two wrote in different parts of England. The later poem, \"The Greene Knight\", is a late medieval rhyming romance that likely predates its only surviving copy: the 17th-century Percy Folio. The other work featuring the Green Knight, the later ballad \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\", also survives only in the Percy Folio manuscript.","title":"Green Knight"},{"id":"391811","text":"with Gawain. Gawain's embracing and kissing Bertilak in several scenes thus represents not a homosexual but a homosocial expression. Men of the time often embraced and kissed and this was acceptable under the chivalric code. Nonetheless, the Green Knight blurs the lines between homosociality and homosexuality, representing the difficulty medieval writers sometimes had in separating the two. Carolyn Dinshaw argues that the poem may have been a response to accusations that Richard II had a male lover—an attempt to reestablish the idea that heterosexuality was the Christian norm. Around the time the poem was written, the Catholic Church was beginning","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"6847284","text":"Early English Text Society The Early English Text Society (EETS) is a text publication society founded in 1864 which is dedicated to the editing and publication of early English texts, especially those only available in manuscript. Most of its volumes contain editions of Middle English or Old English texts. It is known for being the first to print many important English manuscripts, including Cotton Nero A.x, which contains \"Pearl\", \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", and other poems. The Society was founded in England in 1864 by Frederick James Furnivall. Its stated goal was \"on the one hand, to print","title":"Early English Text Society"},{"id":"391802","text":"more empowered. At the same time, those same actions make the Lady appear adulterous; some scholars compare her with Eve in the Bible. By forcing Gawain to take her girdle, i.e. the apple, the pact made with Bertilak—and therefore the Green Knight—is broken. In this sense, it is clear that at the hands of the Lady, Gawain is a \"good man seduced\". From 1350 to 1400—the period in which the poem is thought to have been written—Wales experienced several raids at the hands of the English, who were attempting to colonise the area. The Gawain poet uses a North West","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391732","text":"goes on a quest which tests his prowess, and it remains popular to this day in modern English renderings from J. R. R. Tolkien, Simon Armitage, and others, as well as through film and stage adaptations. It describes how Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's Round Table, accepts a challenge from a mysterious \"Green Knight\" who challenges any knight to strike him with his axe if he will take a return blow in a year and a day. Gawain accepts and beheads him with his blow, at which the Green Knight stands up, picks up his head and reminds","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"2488562","text":"Gawain Poet The \"Gawain Poet\", or less commonly the \"Pearl Poet\", is the name given to the author of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", an alliterative poem written in 14th-century Middle English. Its author appears also to have written the poems \"Pearl\" , \"Patience\", and \"Cleanness\"; some scholars suggest the author may also have composed \"Saint Erkenwald\". Save for the last (found in BL-MS \"Harley 2250\"), all these works are known from a single surviving manuscript, the British Library holding \"Cotton Nero A.x\". This body of work includes some of the most well-regarded poetry written in Middle English. The","title":"Gawain Poet"},{"id":"391803","text":"Midlands dialect common on the Welsh–English border, potentially placing him in the midst of this conflict. Patricia Clare Ingham is credited with first viewing the poem through the lens of postcolonialism, and since then a great deal of dispute has emerged over the extent to which colonial differences play a role in the poem. Most critics agree that gender plays a role, but differ about whether gender supports the colonial ideals or replaces them as English and Welsh cultures interact in the poem. A large amount of critical debate also surrounds the poem as it relates to the bi-cultural political","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"1066077","text":"Gawain Gawain (; ; also called Gwalchmei, Gualguanus, Gauvain, Walwein, etc.) is King Arthur's nephew and a Knight of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend. Under the name \"Gwalchmei\", he appears very early in the legend's development, being mentioned in some of the earliest Welsh Arthurian sources. As Gawain, he appears in Latin, French, English, Dutch, German and Italian literature, notably as the protagonist of the story of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". Other tales of Gawain include \"Historia Regum Britanniae\", \"Roman de Brut\", \"De Ortu Waluuanii\", \"Diu Crône\", \"The Awntyrs off Arthure\", \"Le Chevalier à l'épée\", and","title":"Gawain"},{"id":"11823795","text":"Ronald Alan Waldron Ronald Alan Waldron born 9 January 1927 is an English medievalist, considered a pre-eminent expert in the field of early English literature. He wrote many books and was a lecturer at the University of Aarhus in Denmark and King's College London. He made an especial focus on the poem \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". Waldron was born and raised in Teignmouth in south Devon, attending Teignmouth Grammar School. After leaving school he worked as a clerk at Teignmouth Electric Company before being called up for National Service late in World War II. After the war under","title":"Ronald Alan Waldron"},{"id":"391792","text":"is not extraordinary. The poem is in many ways deeply Christian, with frequent references to the fall of Adam and Eve and to Jesus Christ. Scholars have debated the depth of the Christian elements within the poem by looking at it in the context of the age in which it was written, coming up with varying views as to what represents a Christian element of the poem and what does not. For example, some critics compare \"Sir Gawain\" to the other three poems of the \"Gawain\" manuscript. Each has a heavily Christian theme, causing scholars to interpret \"Gawain\" similarly. Comparing","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391791","text":"pense', or \"Shamed be he who finds evil here,\" is written at the end of the poem. Some critics describe Gawain's peers wearing girdles of their own as evidence of the origin of the Order of the Garter. However, in the parallel poem \"The Greene Knight\", the lace is white, not green, and is considered the origin of the collar worn by the knights of the Bath, not the Order of the Garter. The motto on the poem was probably written by a copyist and not by the original author. Still, the connection made by the copyist to the Order","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"6847287","text":"from 2006 to 2013. The current director is Vincent Gillespie. Early English Text Society The Early English Text Society (EETS) is a text publication society founded in 1864 which is dedicated to the editing and publication of early English texts, especially those only available in manuscript. Most of its volumes contain editions of Middle English or Old English texts. It is known for being the first to print many important English manuscripts, including Cotton Nero A.x, which contains \"Pearl\", \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", and other poems. The Society was founded in England in 1864 by Frederick James Furnivall.","title":"Early English Text Society"},{"id":"7275721","text":"Potteries dialect Potteries is an English dialect of the North Midlands of England, almost exclusively in and around Stoke-on-Trent. As with most local dialects in English, Potteries dialect derives originally from Anglo Saxon Old English. The 14th-century Anglo Saxon poem \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", which appears in the Cotton Nero A.x manuscript uses dialect words native to the Potteries, leading some scholars to believe that it was written by a monk from Dieulacres Abbey. However, the most commonly suggested candidate for authorship is John Massey of Cotton, Cheshire (now part of Cranage outside Holmes Chapel). The same manuscript","title":"Potteries dialect"},{"id":"391790","text":"demonstrate human capabilities for good or bad action.\" Through Gawain's adventure, it becomes clear that he is merely human. The reader becomes attached to this human view in the midst of the poem's romanticism, relating to Gawain's humanity while respecting his knightly qualities. Gawain \"shows us what moral conduct is. We shall probably not equal his behaviour, but we admire him for pointing out the way.\" In viewing the poem as a medieval romance, many scholars see it as intertwining chivalric and courtly love laws under the English Order of the Garter. The group's motto, 'honi soit qui mal y","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"7659666","text":"Gavin Gavin is a male given name. A variation on the medieval name Gawain, meaning \"god send\". Sir Gawain was a knight of King Arthur's Round Table, and St. Gavinus was a Christian martyr. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem connected with King Arthur's Round Table. Gavin also shares an origin with the Italian name Gavino, which dates back to ancient Latin. Saint Gavinus (San Gavino, Porto Torres, Sardinia) was an early Christian martyr, an ex–Roman centurion, decapitated in 300 AD and whose head was thrown in the Mediterranean sea before being reunited with his body.","title":"Gavin"},{"id":"7659667","text":"Gavin Gavin is a male given name. A variation on the medieval name Gawain, meaning \"god send\". Sir Gawain was a knight of King Arthur's Round Table, and St. Gavinus was a Christian martyr. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem connected with King Arthur's Round Table. Gavin also shares an origin with the Italian name Gavino, which dates back to ancient Latin. Saint Gavinus (San Gavino, Porto Torres, Sardinia) was an early Christian martyr, an ex–Roman centurion, decapitated in 300 AD and whose head was thrown in the Mediterranean sea before being reunited with his body.","title":"Gavin"},{"id":"391768","text":"the image of Troy, a powerful nation once thought to be invincible which, according to the \"Aeneid\", fell to the Greeks due to pride and ignorance. The Trojan connection shows itself in the presence of two virtually identical descriptions of Troy's destruction. The poem's first line reads: \"Since the siege and the assault were ceased at Troy\" and the final stanzaic line (before the bob and wheel) is \"After the siege and the assault were ceased at Troy\". The entire 'Gawain' poem follows one individual experiencing highly emotional situations. He participates in the beheading contest, watches as a man he","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"11661143","text":"Gawain and the Green Knight (film) Gawain and the Green Knight is a 1973 film directed by Stephen Weeks, and starring Murray Head as Gawain and Nigel Green in his final theatrical film as the Green Knight. The story is based on the medieval English tale \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" and also \"Yvain, the Knight of the Lion\" by Cretian de Troyes and the tale of Sir Gareth in Thomas Malory's \"Le Morte d'Arthur\". Part of the production was filmed at Beeston or Peckforton Castle in Cheshire. Weeks remade the film in 1984 as \"Sword of the Valiant\"","title":"Gawain and the Green Knight (film)"},{"id":"391820","text":"presented a stage version of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" at the University Theatre, Newcastle at Christmas 1971. It was directed by Michael Bogdanov and adapted for the stage from the translation by Brian Stone. The music and lyrics were composed by Iwan Williams using medieval carols, such as the \"Boar's Head Carol\", as inspiration and folk instruments such as the Northumbrian pipes, whistles and bhodran to create a \"rough\" feel. Stone had referred Bogdanov to \"Cuchulain and the Beheading Game\", a sequence which is contained in The Grenoside Sword dance. Bogdanov found the pentangle theme to be contained","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"14823780","text":"a token blow and the testing of his courage by this giant, which bears similarities to the ancient Irish stories of Cú Roi, continues. Perhaps the most widely respected Arthurian poem in Middle English is that found in British Library MS Cotton Nero A x., alongside \"Pearl\" and \"Cleanness\", and known as \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". In this story, King Arthur's Christmas feast is interrupted by the arrival of a huge man on horseback holding a holly branch in one hand and an axe in the other. An axe of 'green steel'. He invites those assembled to take","title":"Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle"},{"id":"14823746","text":"by defeating the enchantment of the castle, in a beheading scene in the \"Carle of Carlisle\", the story told in this Arthurian romance has much in common with that told in the 14th-century alliterative poem \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". There are two versions of this romance and neither is directly related to the other, which suggests the former existence of a lost, perhaps 14th-century manuscript version. The youngest of the two copies that survive, in a manuscript dating to the 17th century, is post-medieval in composition and testifies to \"the continuing appeal of chivalric plots among popular audiences\"","title":"Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle"},{"id":"391819","text":"Gawain and the Green Knight\" in 2002. The BBC broadcast a documentary presented by Simon Armitage in which the journey depicted in the poem is traced, using what are believed to be the actual locations. On 5 November 2018, it was announced that a new film adaptation titled \"Green Knight\" is in the works, to be directed by American filmmaker David Lowery for A24. The poem was also adapted for the \"Adventure Time\" episode \"Seventeen\" where the Green Knight arrives on Finn's 17th birthday, issuing him the challenge, as well as a series of follow-up games. The Tyneside Theatre company","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391804","text":"landscape of the time. Some argue that Bertilak is an example of the hybrid Anglo-Welsh culture found on the Welsh–English border. They therefore view the poem as a reflection of a hybrid culture that plays strong cultures off one another to create a new set of cultural rules and traditions. Other scholars, however, argue that historically much Welsh blood was shed well into the 14th century, creating a situation far removed from the more friendly hybridisation suggested by Ingham. To support this argument further, it is suggested that the poem creates an \"us versus them\" scenario contrasting the knowledgeable civilised","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"2488572","text":"alliterative poems. There is firm consensus that the dialect of the scribe and the author localises the poem to the north-west Midlands, centring Cheshire. To present the historical background of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and associated poems is ultimately a quest to find the anonymous poet. The notion that the Gawain-poet was attached to a provincial noble household, perhaps like that of Sir Bertilak, remains attractive to a number of critics. The quest for the Green Chapel brings Sir Gawain into Cheshire from Wales. Sir Robert Grosvenor, Sheriff of Chester was born circa 1342 at Hulme, Cheshire, England","title":"Gawain Poet"},{"id":"391778","text":"described in such detail. The poem describes the pentangle as a symbol of faithfulness and an \"endless knot\". From lines 640 to 654, the five points of the pentangle relate directly to Gawain in five ways: five senses, his five fingers, his faith found in the five wounds of Christ, the five joys of Mary (whose face was on the inside of the shield) and finally friendship, fraternity, purity, politeness and pity (traits that Gawain possessed around others). In line 625, it is described as \"a sign by Solomon\". Solomon, the third king of Israel, in the 10th century BC,","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"1297543","text":"Patience (poem) Patience (Middle English: \"Pacience\") is a Middle English alliterative poem written in the late 14th century. Its unknown author, designated the \"Pearl Poet\" or \"Gawain-Poet\", also appears, on the basis of dialect and stylistic evidence, to be the author of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", \"Pearl\", and \"Cleanness\" (all ca. 1360-1395) and may have composed \"St. Erkenwald\". This is thought to be true because the techniques and vocabulary of regional dialect of the unknown author is that of Northwest Midlands, located between Shropshire and Lancashire. The manuscript, Cotton Nero A.x is in the British Library. The first","title":"Patience (poem)"},{"id":"2488578","text":"his work to parts of \"Sir Gawain\". The theory was not widely accepted. Gawain Poet The \"Gawain Poet\", or less commonly the \"Pearl Poet\", is the name given to the author of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", an alliterative poem written in 14th-century Middle English. Its author appears also to have written the poems \"Pearl\" , \"Patience\", and \"Cleanness\"; some scholars suggest the author may also have composed \"Saint Erkenwald\". Save for the last (found in BL-MS \"Harley 2250\"), all these works are known from a single surviving manuscript, the British Library holding \"Cotton Nero A.x\". This body of","title":"Gawain Poet"},{"id":"391777","text":"rules that can contradict each other. In the story of \"Sir Gawain\", Gawain finds himself torn between doing what a damsel asks (accepting the girdle) and keeping his promise (returning anything given to him while his host is away). The poem contains the first recorded use of the word \"pentangle\" in English It contains the only representation of such a symbol on Gawain's shield in the Gawain literature. What is more, the poet uses a total of 46 lines in order to describe the meaning of the pentangle; no other symbol in the poem receives as much attention or is","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"2492223","text":"entirely unknown. Now held in the British Library, it has been dated to the late 14th century, so the poet was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, author of \"The Canterbury Tales\", though it is highly unlikely that they ever met. The three other works found in the same manuscript as \"Pearl\" (commonly known as \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", \"Patience\", and \"Cleanness\" or \"Purity\") are often considered to be written by the same author. However, the manuscript containing these poems was transcribed by a copyist and not by the original poet. Although nothing explicitly suggests that all four poems","title":"Pearl (poem)"},{"id":"391809","text":"either Lud's Church or Wetton Mill, as these areas closely match the descriptions given by the author. Ralph Elliott located the chapel (\"two myle henne\" v1078) from the old manor house at Swythamley Park at the bottom of a valley (\"bothm of the brem valay\" v2145) on a hillside (\"loke a littel on the launde, on thi lyfte honde\" v2147) in an enormous fissure (\"an olde caue,/or a creuisse of an olde cragge\" v2182-83). Several have tried to replicate this expedition and others such as Michael Twomey have created a virtual tour of Gawain's journey entitled 'Travels with Sir Gawain'","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391818","text":"with a planned publication date of 2018. The poem has been adapted to film twice, on both occasions by writer-director Stephen Weeks: first as \"Gawain and the Green Knight\" in 1973 and again in 1984 as \"\", featuring Miles O'Keeffe as Gawain and Sean Connery as the Green Knight. Both films have been criticised for deviating from the poem's plot. Also, Bertilak and the Green Knight are never connected. French/Australian director Martin Beilby directed a short (30') film adaptation in 2014. There have been at least two television adaptations, \"Gawain and the Green Knight\" in 1991 and the animated \"Sir","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"4194584","text":"Its date of composition is conjectural; it may be a version of an earlier story, though it is also possibly a product of the 17th century. In \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", the Green Knight appears before Arthur's court during a Christmas feast, holding a bough of holly in one hand and a battle axe in the other. Despite disclaim of war, the knight issues a challenge: he will allow one man to strike him once with his axe, with the condition that he return the blow the next year. At first, Arthur accepts the challenge, but Gawain takes","title":"Green Knight"},{"id":"391770","text":"postures, and movements with those of another person, and, consequently, to converge emotionally.' Amy Coplan explains that emotional contagion is something that happens so quickly and automatically that we are typically unaware of it happening. The poet capitalized on this emotional reaction and thus has the reader empathizing with Sir Gawain almost without realizing it. Given the varied and even contradictory interpretations of the colour green, its precise meaning in the poem remains ambiguous. In English folklore and literature, green was traditionally used to symbolise nature and its associated attributes: fertility and rebirth. Stories of the medieval period also used","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391772","text":"signifying a transformation from good to evil and back again; this displays both the spoiling and regenerative connotations of the colour green. Scholars have puzzled over the Green Knight's symbolism since the discovery of the poem. British medievalist C. S. Lewis said the character was \"as vivid and concrete as any image in literature\" and J. R. R. Tolkien said he was the \"most difficult character\" to interpret in \"Sir Gawain\". His major role in Arthurian literature is that of a judge and tester of knights, thus he is at once terrifying, friendly, and mysterious. He appears in only two","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391747","text":"nominal stanzas with a rhyming section of five lines known as the \"bob and wheel\", in which the \"bob\" is a very short line, sometimes of only two syllables, followed by the \"wheel,\" longer lines with internal rhyme. The earliest known story to feature a beheading game is the 8th-century Middle Irish tale \"Bricriu's Feast\". This story parallels \"Gawain\" in that, like the Green Knight, Cú Chulainn's antagonist feints three blows with the axe before letting his target depart without injury. A beheading exchange also appears in the late 12th-century \"Life of Caradoc\", a Middle French narrative embedded in the","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"10331059","text":"King Arthur and King Cornwall \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\" is an English ballad surviving in fragmentary form in the 17th-century Percy Folio manuscript. An Arthurian story, it was collected by Francis James Child as Child Ballad 30. Unlike other Child Ballads, but like the Arthurian \"The Boy and the Mantle\" and \"The Marriage of Sir Gawain\", it is not a folk ballad but a professional minstrel's song. It is notable for containing the Green Knight, a character known from the medieval poems \"The Greene Knight\" and the more famous \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"; he appears as \"Bredbeddle\",","title":"King Arthur and King Cornwall"},{"id":"9410246","text":"in its determined spelling out of motives and events, its domestication of the challenging and mysterious, and its explanation of marvels and ambiguities.\" Hahn writes, \"The language of \"The Greene Knight\" suggests that it was originally composed about 1500 in the South Midlands. It is marked for two fitts (perhaps indicating performance sessions), and falls into eighty-six tail-rhyme stanzas, running aabccb.\" The Greene Knight The Greene Knight is a late medieval rhyming romance, found in the Percy Folio Manuscript. The storyline effectively parallels the more famous \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" in describing the dealings of Gawain, King Arthur's","title":"The Greene Knight"},{"id":"9410245","text":"The Greene Knight The Greene Knight is a late medieval rhyming romance, found in the Percy Folio Manuscript. The storyline effectively parallels the more famous \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" in describing the dealings of Gawain, King Arthur's nephew, with the Greene Knight. The text was edited by Thomas Hahn for the Camelot Project. Key differences adduced by Hahn from the longer poem include rapid pacing, more explicit character motivations, and a rhyme scheme more suitable for popular recitation. Hahn concludes \"In many ways, in fact, \"The Greene Knight\", as the later poem, seems almost a summary or guide","title":"The Greene Knight"},{"id":"4627478","text":"works on William Shakespeare, Robert Burns and the Elizabethan theatre, editor of the Cambridge and Tudor editions of Shakespeare (1906, 1911) and editor of \"Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition\" (1934). Less known is his translation of the famous late 14th century Middle English alliterative chivalric romance \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". William Allan Neilson William Allan Neilson (28 March 1869 – 1946) was a Scottish-American educator, writer and lexicographer, graduated in the University of Edinburgh in 1891 and became a Ph.D. in Harvard University in 1898. He was president of Smith College between 1917 and 1939. Neilson was","title":"William Allan Neilson"},{"id":"1297551","text":"just narrative and describing opportunities of his material, but in exploring its equivocal nature. Many problems experienced by readers in interpreting poems, and the wide variety of interpretations offered for Sir Gawain and the Green Knight are shown to stem from the poet’s complex view of moral questions (103). The most commonly suggested candidate for authorship is John Massey of Cotton, Cheshire. He is known to have lived in the dialect region of the Pearl Poet and is thought to have written the poem, \"St. Erkenwald\", which some scholars argue bears stylistic similarities to \"Gawain\". \"St. Erkenwald\", however, has been","title":"Patience (poem)"},{"id":"4194582","text":"vegetation being of medieval art; a recollection of a figure from Celtic mythology; a Christian symbol; or the Devil himself. The medieval scholar C. S. Lewis said the character was \"as vivid and concrete as any image in literature.\" J. R. R. Tolkien called him the \"most difficult character\" to interpret in the introduction to his edition of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". His major role in Arthurian literature includes being a judge and tester of knights, and as such the other characters consider him as friendly but terrifying and somewhat mysterious. The earliest appearance of the Green Knight","title":"Green Knight"},{"id":"391752","text":"Lord and Lady conspiring to seduce a knight, seemingly \"against\" the wishes of the Lord. After the writing of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", several similar stories followed. \"The Greene Knight\" (15th–17th century) is a rhymed retelling of nearly the same tale. In it, the plot is simplified, motives are more fully explained, and some names are changed. Another story, \"The Turke and Gowin\" (15th century), begins with a Turk entering Arthur's court and asking, \"Is there any will, as a brother, To give a buffett and take another?\" At the end of this poem the Turk, rather than","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"14811610","text":"Scots, a dialect closely related to the northern variants of Middle English. It was written in the Anglo-Scottish border country, a region that produced many other poems such as \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" and \"The Awntyrs off Arthur\". The vocabulary is very similar to that in those poems, and like them heavy use is made of alliteration. \"The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain\" is written in stanzas of thirteen lines each, rhyming \"ABABABABCDDDC\". Like another Middle English poem, \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", most of the lines of each stanza are alliterative long lines; and like","title":"The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain"},{"id":"391748","text":"anonymous First Continuation of Chrétien de Troyes' \"Perceval, the Story of the Grail\". A notable difference in this story is that Caradoc's challenger is his father in disguise, come to test his honour. Lancelot is given a beheading challenge in the early 13th-century \"Perlesvaus\", in which a knight begs him to chop off his head or else put his own in jeopardy. Lancelot reluctantly cuts it off, agreeing to come to the same place in a year to put his head in the same danger. When Lancelot arrives, the people of the town celebrate and announce that they have finally","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"2025778","text":"into Middle English that were made under the direction of, or at the instigation of, John Wycliffe. They appeared over a period from approximately 1382 to 1395. \"Piers Plowman\" (written c. 1360–1387) or \"Visio Willelmi de Petro Plowman\" (\"William's Vision of Piers Plowman\") is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem by William Langland. It is written in unrhymed alliterative verse divided into sections called \"passus\" (Latin for \"step\"). \"Piers\" is considered by many critics to be one of the early great works of English literature along with Chaucer's \"Canterbury Tales\" and \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" during the Middle","title":"British literature"},{"id":"391786","text":"manuscript into nine parts. The first and last parts are 22 stanzas long. The second and second-to-last parts are only one stanza long, and the middle five parts are eleven stanzas long. The number eleven is associated with transgression in other medieval literature (being one more than ten, a number associated with the Ten Commandments). Thus, this set of five elevens (55 stanzas) creates the perfect mix of transgression and incorruption, suggesting that Gawain is faultless in his faults. At the story's climax, Gawain is wounded superficially in the neck by the Green Knight's axe. During the medieval period, the","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391766","text":"received a gift, he was obliged to provide the giver with a better gift or risk losing his honour, almost like an exchange of blows in a fight (or in a \"beheading game\"). The poem revolves around two games: an exchange of beheading and an exchange of winnings. These appear at first to be unconnected. However, a victory in the first game will lead to a victory in the second. Elements of both games appear in other stories; however, the linkage of outcomes is unique to \"Gawain\". Times, dates, seasons, and cycles within \"Gawain\" are often noted by scholars because","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"3833004","text":"Cleanness Cleanness (Middle English: \"Clannesse\") is a Middle English alliterative poem written in the late 14th century. Its unknown author, designated the \"Pearl poet\" or \"Gawain poet\", also appears, on the basis of dialect and stylistic evidence, to be the author of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", \"Pearl\", and \"Patience\", and may have also composed \"St. Erkenwald\". The poem is found solely in the Pearl manuscript, \"Cotton Nero A x\". That manuscript also contains \"Pearl\", \"Patience\", and \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". None of the poems has a title or divisions of chapters, but the breaks are marked","title":"Cleanness"},{"id":"391746","text":"typical of the 14th century. Instead of focusing on a metrical syllabic count and rhyme, the alliterative form of this period usually relied on the agreement of a pair of stressed syllables at the beginning of the line and another pair at the end. Each line always includes a pause, called a \"caesura\", at some point after the first two stresses, dividing it into two half-lines. Although he largely follows the form of his day, the Gawain poet was somewhat freer with convention than his or her predecessors. The poet broke the alliterative lines into variable-length groups and ended these","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"4544295","text":"unknown, but there is some evidence it may have been the Pearl Poet, who wrote the poems \"Pearl\" and \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", among others. The poem consists of 352 lines. Alliteration is used consistently throughout the poem, usually with three alliterating words per line. \"St. Erkenwald's\" storyline appears to house two distinct sections. The first provides a brief, historical context for the poem. The primary section also depicts the discovery of an awe-inspiring sarcophagus and the concern and confusion of those that found it. The last 180 lines of the poem focus on St. Erkenwald's dialogue with","title":"St. Erkenwald (poem)"},{"id":"4194580","text":"Green Knight The Green Knight is a character of the 14th-century Arthurian poem \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" and the related medieval work \"The Greene Knight\". His true name is revealed to be Bertilak de Hautdesert (an alternate spelling in some translations is \"Bercilak\" or \"Bernlak\") in \"Sir Gawain\", while \"The Greene Knight\" names him \"Bredbeddle\". The Green Knight later features as one of Arthur's greatest champions in the fragmentary ballad \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\", again with the name \"Bredbeddle\". In \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", Bercilak is transformed into the Green Knight by Morgan le Fay,","title":"Green Knight"},{"id":"391784","text":"his five fingers never fail him, and he always remembers the five wounds of Christ, as well as the five joys of the Virgin Mary. The fifth five is Gawain himself, who embodies the five moral virtues of the code of chivalry: \"friendship, generosity, chastity, courtesy, and piety\". All of these virtues reside, as the poet says, in the \"Endless Knot\" of the pentangle, which forever interlinks and is never broken. This intimate relationship between symbol and faith allows for rigorous allegorical interpretation, especially in the physical role that the shield plays in Gawain's quest. Thus, the poet makes Gawain","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"4194610","text":"chapel the knight searches for near (\"two myle henne\" v1078) the old manor house at Swythamley Park at the bottom of a valley (\"bothm of the brem valay\" v2145) on a hillside (\"loke a littel on the launde, on thi lyfte honde\" v2147) in a large fissure (\"an olde caue,/or a creuisse of an olde cragge\" v2182-83). Green Knight The Green Knight is a character of the 14th-century Arthurian poem \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" and the related medieval work \"The Greene Knight\". His true name is revealed to be Bertilak de Hautdesert (an alternate spelling in some translations","title":"Green Knight"},{"id":"3833014","text":"The technique of presenting exempla and then explicating them as demonstrations of moral principles is characteristic of many sermons of the medieval period. Here the poet uses three exempla with explication in the transitions between them. Cleanness Cleanness (Middle English: \"Clannesse\") is a Middle English alliterative poem written in the late 14th century. Its unknown author, designated the \"Pearl poet\" or \"Gawain poet\", also appears, on the basis of dialect and stylistic evidence, to be the author of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", \"Pearl\", and \"Patience\", and may have also composed \"St. Erkenwald\". The poem is found solely in","title":"Cleanness"},{"id":"223564","text":"chivalric romances abound, particularly notable literary portrayals of knighthood include \"The Song of Roland\", Cantar de Mio Cid, The Twelve of England, Geoffrey Chaucer's \"The Knight's Tale\", Baldassare Castiglione's \"The Book of the Courtier\", and Miguel de Cervantes' \"Don Quixote\", as well as Sir Thomas Malory's \"Le Morte d'Arthur\" and other Arthurian tales (Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\", the Pearl Poet's \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", etc.). Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"History of the Kings of Britain\"), written in the 1130s, introduced the legend of King Arthur, which was to be important to the development of","title":"Knight"},{"id":"391782","text":"carbuncle, indicated when the Gawain-Poet describes it as a \"brygt sunne\" (line 1819), a \"fiery sun.\" This red colour can be seen as symbolizing royalty, divinity, and the Passion of the Christ, something that Gawain as a knight of the Round Table would strive for, but this colour could also represent the negative qualities of temptation and covetousness. Given the importance of magic rings in Arthurian romance, this remarkable ring would also have been believed to protect the wearer from harm just as Lady Bertilak claims the girdle will. The poet highlights number symbolism to add symmetry and meaning to","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"208370","text":"and Lúthien. On 3 November 1920, Tolkien was demobilized and left the army, retaining his rank of lieutenant. His first civilian job after World War I was at the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", where he worked mainly on the history and etymology of words of Germanic origin beginning with the letter \"W\". In 1920, he took up a post as reader in English language at the University of Leeds, becoming the youngest professor there. While at Leeds, he produced \"A Middle English Vocabulary\" and a definitive edition of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" with E. V. Gordon; both became academic","title":"J. R. R. Tolkien"},{"id":"14811590","text":"The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain (also commonly spelt \"Golagros and Gawane\") is a Middle Scots Arthurian romance written in alliterative verse of 1362 lines, known solely from a printed edition of 1508 in the possession of the National Library of Scotland. No manuscript copy of this lively and exciting tale has survived. Though the story is set during Arthur and his band's journey of pilgrimage to the Holy Land, most of the reaction action takes place in France, with Sir Gawain, King Arthur's nephew as its main hero. The tale actually","title":"The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain"},{"id":"2128522","text":"a highly sophisticated development of Reynardian material as part of his \"Morall Fabillis\" in the sections known as \"The Talking of the Tod\". Hans van Ghetelen, a printer of Incunabula in Lübeck printed an early German version called \"Reinke de Vos\" in 1498. It was translated to Latin and other languages, which made the tale popular across Europe. Reynard is also referenced in the Middle English poem \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" during the third hunt. Tybalt in Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\" is named after the cat in Reynard the Fox (and is called 'Prince of Cats' by Mercutio","title":"Reynard the Fox"},{"id":"2937148","text":"to come later; its first extant usage occurs in the 14th-century poem \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". Knight-errantry tales remained popular with courtly audiences throughout the Late Middle Ages. They were written in Middle French, in Middle English and in Middle German. In the 16th century, the genre became highly popular in the Iberian Peninsula; \"Amadis de Gaula\" was one of the most successful knight-errantry tales of this period. In \"Don Quixote\" (1605), Cervantes burlesqued the romances and their popularity. Tales of knight-errantry then fell out of fashion for two centuries, until they re-emerged in the form of the","title":"Knight-errant"},{"id":"2488570","text":"knowledge of classical poets, such as Virgil and Ovid, with the likes of Chaucer. However, there have been claims that certain small debts can be detected in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight to Virgil and to Seneca the Younger, and it is highly likely that the poet was familiar with a wide range of Latin literature that was current among the educated class in the Middle Ages. The chronology of the \"Alliterative Revival\" of which these works are a significant part, cannot be established with any precision. It is assumed that the revival began in the south-west midlands and","title":"Gawain Poet"},{"id":"2488567","text":"of a certain social standing, perhaps a member of a family of landed gentry. J. R. R. Tolkien and E.V. Gordon, after reviewing the allusions, style, and themes of \"Gawain and the Green Knight\", concluded in 1925: The author began writing during a time of rapid change and development in English literature. The poet's language was arguably also influenced by 14th-century social developments, particularly the movement toward a more anglicised ruling class and political identity, and by changes in the English language, primarily driven by exposure to dialects of French. The sophistication of the author's literary style, and their references","title":"Gawain Poet"},{"id":"391793","text":"it to the poem \"Cleanness\" (also known as \"Purity\"), for example, they see it as a story of the apocalyptic fall of a civilisation, in \"Gawain's\" case, Camelot. In this interpretation, Sir Gawain is like Noah, separated from his society and warned by the Green Knight (who is seen as God's representative) of the coming doom of Camelot. Gawain, judged worthy through his test, is spared the doom of the rest of Camelot. King Arthur and his knights, however, misunderstand Gawain's experience and wear garters themselves. In \"Cleanness\" the men who are saved are similarly helpless in warning their society","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"13804731","text":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In addition to her novels, translations, and academic books and essays, Webster is a prolific author of fictional short stories. Eleven of these stories were published in the collection \"Tattoo Bird\", published online by FictionNet in 1996, as well as in various journals including \"Women's Studies\", \"The Chariton Review\", \"Caprice\" and other literary publications. Brenda Webster has been nominated for two Northern California Book Awards (2007). Her short story \"Tattoo Bird\" received an Honorable Mention (second prize) in the H.E. Francis Short Story Competition held by the Ruth Hindman Foundation. It was also twice","title":"Brenda Webster"},{"id":"10053502","text":"the Green Chapel itself. The Young Adult Library Services Association, a division of the American Library Association, included \"The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady\" in their 2000 list of Best Books for Young Adults and their 2003 list of Popular Paperbacks for Young Adults. The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady is a book written by Gerald Morris. Its prequel is \"The Squire's Tale\", also written by Gerald Morris. The plot is based on the late 14th century Arthurian romance, \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\". This book tells the tale of","title":"The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady"},{"id":"1493809","text":"moniker 'Fair Field'. It included an exhibition at the National Poetry Library and a series of podcasts published by the \"Guardian\". Piers Plowman Piers Plowman (written 1370–90) or \"Visio Willelmi de Petro Ploughman\" (\"William's Vision of Piers Plowman\") is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem by William Langland. It is written in unrhymed, alliterative verse divided into sections called \"passus\" (Latin for \"step\"). Like the Pearl Poet's \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", \"Piers Plowman\" is considered by many critics to be one of the greatest works of English literature of the Middle Ages, even preceding and influencing Chaucer's \"Canterbury","title":"Piers Plowman"},{"id":"3346887","text":"just magnificent, where the enjambment renders the line more powerful (as O’Donoghue rightly sees in his introduction, p. 8). Great poems can make for great translations, other great poems really. Read this great translation because it is also a great poem. Boyd Tonkin's review of the same poem in The Independent: Part of the same 14th century manuscript as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, also written in its dialect, Pearl is an intricately wrought 1200-line elegiac poem. A father grieves for his small daughter, dead before her second birthday. Anyone who has ever read this wrenchingly beautiful vision of","title":"Jane Draycott"},{"id":"14811347","text":"the story at the expense of descriptive detail, psychology, and wordplay. This unique survival is found in British Library MS Cotton Galba E ix., a manuscript without any illustrations and which dates to the early-fifteenth century. Ywain and Gawain Ywain and Gawain is an early-fourteenth century Middle English Arthurian verse romance based quite closely upon the late-twelfth century Old French romance \"The Knight of the Lion\" by Chrétien de Troyes. Ywain, one of King Arthur's Knights of the Round Table, while at Arthur's court hears from Sir Colgrevance about an encounter he had with a knight, who defeated him in","title":"Ywain and Gawain"},{"id":"13559444","text":"the question of whether the writers believed in the possibilities of the marvels in \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" or \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" makes it difficult to distinguish when fantasy, in its modern sense, first began. Although pre-dated by John Ruskin's \"The King of the Golden River\" (1841), the history of modern fantasy literature is usually said to begin with George MacDonald, the Scottish author of such novels as \"The Princess and the Goblin\" and \"Phantastes\" (1858), the latter of which is widely considered to be the first fantasy novel ever written for adults. MacDonald was a major","title":"Fantasy"},{"id":"664140","text":"and damage the natural landscape. In 2007, negotiations took place to relocate the development to Dale View quarry in a less sensitive area. The landscapes of the Peak have inspired writers for centuries. Various places have been identified by Ralph Elliott and others as locations in the 14th-century poem \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"; Lud's Church is thought to be the Green Chapel. Key scenes in Jane Austen's 1813 novel \"Pride and Prejudice\" are set in the Peak . \"Peveril of the Peak\" (1823) by Sir Walter Scott is a historical novel set at Peveril Castle, Castleton during the","title":"Peak District"},{"id":"391736","text":"lips remind Gawain that the two must meet again at the Green Chapel. He then rides away. Gawain and Arthur admire the axe, hang it up as a trophy and encourage Guinevere to treat the whole matter lightly. As the date approaches, Sir Gawain sets off to find the Green Chapel and keep his side of the bargain. Many adventures and battles are alluded to (but not described) until Gawain comes across a splendid castle where he meets Bertilak de Hautdesert, the lord of the castle, and his beautiful wife, who are pleased to have such a renowned guest. Also","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"1297549","text":"a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, author of \"The Canterbury Tales\", though it is highly unlikely that they ever met. The three other works found in the same manuscript as \"Pearl\" (commonly known as \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", \"Pearl\", and \"Cleanness\" or \"Purity\") are often considered to be written by the same author. However, the manuscript containing these poems was transcribed by a copyist and not by the original poet, known by scribal errors. Suggested emandations may be found in \"\"Patience: An Alliterative Version of \"Jonah\" by the Poet of \"Pearl.\"\" Although nothing explicitly suggests that all four poems","title":"Patience (poem)"},{"id":"391754","text":"Green Knight\" is the test of Gawain's adherence to the code of chivalry. The typical temptation fable of medieval literature presents a series of tribulations assembled as tests or \"proofs\" of moral virtue. The stories often describe several individuals' failures after which the main character is tested. Success in the proofs will often bring immunity or good fortune. Gawain's ability to pass the tests of his host are of utmost importance to his survival, though he does not know it. It is only by fortuity or \"instinctive-courtesy\" that Sir Gawain is able to pass his test. Gawain does not realize,","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"1493771","text":"Piers Plowman Piers Plowman (written 1370–90) or \"Visio Willelmi de Petro Ploughman\" (\"William's Vision of Piers Plowman\") is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem by William Langland. It is written in unrhymed, alliterative verse divided into sections called \"passus\" (Latin for \"step\"). Like the Pearl Poet's \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", \"Piers Plowman\" is considered by many critics to be one of the greatest works of English literature of the Middle Ages, even preceding and influencing Chaucer's \"Canterbury Tales\". \"Piers Plowman\" contains the first known allusion to a literary tradition of Robin Hood tales. The poem, a mix of","title":"Piers Plowman"},{"id":"391823","text":"was adapted into an opera called \"Gawain\" by Harrison Birtwistle, first performed in 1991. Birtwistle's opera was praised for maintaining the complexity of the poem while translating it into lyric, musical form. Another operatic adaptation is Lynne Plowman's \"Gwyneth and the Green Knight\", first performed in 2002. This opera uses \"Sir Gawain\" as the backdrop but refocuses the story on Gawain's female squire, Gwyneth, who is trying to become a knight. Plowman's version was praised for its approachability, as its target is the family audience and young children, but criticised for its use of modern language and occasional preachy nature.","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"8214773","text":"Cheshire dialect The Cheshire dialect is an English dialect spoken in the county of Cheshire in North West England. It has similarities with the dialects of the surrounding counties of Merseyside, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, Shropshire, and Derbyshire. The dialect has existed for centuries and is distinct from standard British English. The works of the 14th century poets; such as, \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" and \"Gawain\" poet are written in this dialect. This also includes the religious poem \"St. Erkenwald\", which dates from the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century. Cheshire author Alan Garner states \"Of course \"[the Cheshire","title":"Cheshire dialect"},{"id":"391771","text":"it to allude to love and the base desires of man. Because of its connection with faeries and spirits in early English folklore, green also signified witchcraft, devilry and evil. It can also represent decay and toxicity. When combined with gold, as with the Green Knight and the girdle, green was often seen as representing youth's passing. In Celtic mythology, green was associated with misfortune and death, and therefore avoided in clothing. The green girdle, originally worn for protection, became a symbol of shame and cowardice; it is finally adopted as a symbol of honour by the knights of Camelot,","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"391753","text":"buffeting Gawain back, asks the knight to cut off his head, which Gawain does. The Turk then praises Gawain and showers him with gifts. \"The Carle of Carlisle\" (17th century) also resembles \"Gawain\" in a scene in which the Carle (Churl), a lord, takes Sir Gawain to a chamber where two swords are hanging and orders Gawain to cut off his head or suffer his own to be cut off. Gawain obliges and strikes, but the Carle rises, laughing and unharmed. Unlike the \"Gawain\" poem, no return blow is demanded or given. At the heart of \"Sir Gawain and the","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"},{"id":"5484058","text":"mentions, the easiest to identify was \"Þe Pistil als of Suet Susane\". This has been fairly firmly associated with The Pistel of Swete Susan, an alliterative poem surviving in 5 manuscripts. The \"Gest of Arthure\", also called \"Gest Historyalle\" and described by Wyntoun, has been more tentatively identified as the well-known \"Alliterative Morte Arthure\" (found in the Thornton manuscript of Lincoln Cathedral). The \"Awntyr of Gawane\" (literally the \"Adventure of Gawain\") is less certain. Neilson advanced that it represented the great alliterative work \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\" and Huchoun was therefore also credited with \"Patience\", \"Pearl\", and \"Cleanness\".","title":"Huchoun"},{"id":"391775","text":"is: Sir Gawain or Lady Bertilak. The girdle is given to Gawain by Lady Bertilak in order to keep him safe when he confronts the Green Knight. When Lord Bertilak returns home from his hunting trip, Gawain does not reveal the girdle to his host but, instead, hides it. This introduces the spiritual interpretation, that Gawain’s acceptance of the girdle is a sign of his faltering faith in God, at least in the face of death. To some, the Green Knight is Christ, who overcomes death, while Gawain is the Every Christian, who in his struggles to follow Christ faithfully,","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"391743\",\n \"text\": \"of Henry Savile in Yorkshire. Little is known about its previous ownership, and until 1824, when the manuscript was introduced to the academic community in a second edition of Thomas Warton's \\\"History\\\" edited by Richard Price, it was almost entirely unknown. Even then, the \\\"Gawain\\\" poem was not published in its entirety until 1839. Now held in the British Library, it has been dated to the late 14th century, meaning the poet was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, author of \\\"The Canterbury Tales\\\", though it is unlikely that they ever met. The three other works found in the same manuscript\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391731\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Middle English: \\\"Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt\\\") is a late 14th-century Middle English chivalric romance. It is one of the best known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folklore motifs, the beheading game and the exchange of winnings. Written in stanzas of alliterative verse, each of which ends in a rhyming bob and wheel, it draws on Welsh, Irish, and English stories, as well as the French chivalric tradition. It is an important example of a chivalric romance, which typically involves a hero who\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391824\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Middle English: \\\"Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt\\\") is a late 14th-century Middle English chivalric romance. It is one of the best known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folklore motifs, the beheading game and the exchange of winnings. Written in stanzas of alliterative verse, each of which ends in a rhyming bob and wheel, it draws on Welsh, Irish, and English stories, as well as the French chivalric tradition. It is an important example of a chivalric romance, which typically involves a hero who\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391745\",\n \"text\": \"authorship is John Massey of Cotton, Cheshire. He is known to have lived in the dialect region of the Gawain Poet and is thought to have written the poem \\\"St. Erkenwald\\\", which some scholars argue bears stylistic similarities to \\\"Gawain\\\". \\\"St. Erkenwald\\\", however, has been dated by some scholars to a time outside the Gawain Poet's era. Thus, ascribing authorship to John Massey is still controversial and most critics consider the Gawain Poet an unknown. The 2,530 lines and 101 stanzas that make up \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" are written in what linguists call the \\\"Alliterative Revival\\\" style\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391822\",\n \"text\": \"Castle and in August 1995 at Brimham Rocks, North Yorkshire. Corble later wrote a substantially revised version which was produced indoors at the O'Reilly Theatre, Oxford in February 2014. \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" was first adapted as an opera in 1978 by the composer Richard Blackford on commission from the village of Blewbury, Oxfordshire. The libretto was written for the adaptation by the children's novelist John Emlyn Edwards. The \\\"Opera in Six Scenes\\\" was subsequently recorded by Decca between March and June 1979 and released on the Argo label in November 1979. \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391733\",\n \"text\": \"Gawain of the appointed time. In his struggles to keep his bargain, Gawain demonstrates chivalry and loyalty until his honour is called into question by a test involving Lady Bertilak, the lady of the Green Knight's castle. The poem survives in a single manuscript, the \\\"Cotton Nero A.x.\\\", which also includes three religious narrative poems: \\\"Pearl\\\", \\\"Purity\\\" and \\\"Patience\\\". All are thought to have been written by the same unknown author, dubbed the \\\"Pearl Poet\\\" or \\\"Gawain Poet\\\", since all four are written in a North West Midland dialect of Middle English. In Camelot on New Year's Day, King Arthur's\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391814\",\n \"text\": \"a heterosexual world kisses between a man and a man are portrayed as having no such possibility. Though the surviving manuscript dates from the fourteenth century, the first published version of the poem did not appear until as late as 1839, when Sir Frederic Madden of the British Museum recognized the poem as worth reading. Madden's scholarly, Middle English edition of the poem was followed in 1898 by the first Modern English translation – a prose version by literary scholar Jessie L. Weston. In 1925, J.R.R. Tolkien and E.V. Gordon published a scholarly edition of the Middle English text of\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391744\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"Gawain\\\" (commonly known as \\\"Pearl\\\", \\\"Patience\\\", and \\\"Purity\\\" or \\\"Cleanliness\\\") are often considered to be written by the same author. However, the manuscript containing these poems was transcribed by a copyist and not by the original poet. Although nothing explicitly suggests that all four poems are by the same poet, comparative analysis of dialect, verse form, and diction have pointed towards single authorship. What is known today about the poet is largely general. As J. R. R. Tolkien and E. V. Gordon, after reviewing the text's allusions, style, and themes, concluded in 1925: The most commonly suggested candidate for\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391815\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\"; a revised edition of this text was prepared by Norman Davis and published in 1967. The book, featuring a text in Middle English with extensive scholarly notes, is frequently confused with the translation into Modern English that Tolkien prepared, along with translations of \\\"Pearl\\\" and \\\"Sir Orfeo\\\", late in his life. Many editions of the latter work, first published in 1975, shortly after his death, list Tolkien on the cover as author rather than translator. For students, especially undergraduate students, the text is usually given in translation. Notable translators include Jessie Weston, whose 1898\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391817\",\n \"text\": \"United Kingdom, and was published in the United States by Norton, which replaced Borroff's translation with Armitage's for the ninth edition of the \\\"Norton Anthology of English Literature\\\". Other modern translations include those by Larry Benson, Brian Stone, James Winny, Helen Cooper, W. S. Merwin, Jacob Rosenberg, William Vantuono, Joseph Glaser, Bernard O'Donoghue, John Gardner, and Francis Ingledew. In 2015, Zach Weinersmith published Augie and the Green Knight, a children's adaptation in which the protagonist is a young girl. A new and illustrated translation of the work by illustrator and historian Michael Smith is currently being crowdsourced by publisher Unbound\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2025779\",\n \"text\": \"Ages. \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" is a late-14th-century Middle English alliterative romance. It is one of the better-known Arthurian stories, of an established type known as the \\\"beheading game\\\". Developing from Welsh, Irish and English tradition \\\"Sir Gawain\\\" highlights the importance of honour and chivalry. \\\"Preserved in the same manuscript with Sir Gawayne were three other poems, now generally accepted as the work of its author, including the intricate elegiac poem, \\\"Pearl\\\".\\\" Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was\",\n \"title\": \"British literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391816\",\n \"text\": \"prose translation and 1907 poetic translation took many liberties with the original; Theodore Banks, whose 1929 translation was praised for its adaptation of the language to modern usage; and Marie Borroff, whose imitative translation was first published in 1967 and \\\"entered the academic canon\\\" in 1968, in the second edition of the \\\"Norton Anthology of English Literature\\\". In 2010, her (slightly revised) translation was published as a Norton Critical Edition, with a foreword by Laura Howes. In 2007, Simon Armitage, who grew up near the Gawain poet's purported residence, published a translation which attracted attention in the US and the\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391742\",\n \"text\": \"Round Table absolve him of blame and decide that henceforth that they will wear a green sash in recognition of Gawain's adventure and as a reminder to be always honest. Though the real name of \\\"The \\\"Gawain\\\" Poet\\\" (or poets) is unknown, some inferences about him can be drawn from an informed reading of his works. The manuscript of \\\"Gawain\\\" is known in academic circles as \\\"Cotton Nero A.x.\\\", following a naming system used by one of its owners, Robert Cotton, a collector of Medieval English texts. Before the \\\"Gawain\\\" manuscript came into Cotton's possession, it was in the library\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391785\",\n \"text\": \"the epitome of perfection in knighthood through number symbolism. The number five is also found in the structure of the poem itself. \\\"Sir Gawain\\\" is 101 stanzas long, traditionally organised into four 'Fits' of 21, 24, 34, and 22 stanzas. These divisions, however, have since been disputed; scholars have begun to believe that they are the work of the copyist and not of the poet. The surviving manuscript features a series of capital letters added after the fact by another scribe, and some scholars argue that these additions were an attempt to restore the original divisions. These letters divide the\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391794\",\n \"text\": \"of impending destruction. One of the key points stressed in this interpretation is that salvation is an individual experience difficult to communicate to outsiders. In his depiction of Camelot, the poet reveals a concern for his society, whose inevitable fall will bring about the ultimate destruction intended by God. \\\"Gawain\\\" was written around the time of the Black Death and Peasants' Revolt, events which convinced many people that their world was coming to an apocalyptic end and this belief was reflected in literature and culture. However, other critics see weaknesses in this view, since the Green Knight is ultimately under\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12375150\",\n \"text\": \"work is \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". Langland's \\\"Piers Plowman\\\" (written c. 1360–87) or \\\"Visio Willelmi de Petro Plowman\\\" (\\\"William's Vision of Piers Plowman\\\") is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem, written in unrhymed alliterative verse. \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" is a late 14th-century Middle English alliterative romance. It is one of the better-known Arthurian stories of an established type known as the \\\"beheading game\\\". Developing from Welsh, Irish and English tradition, \\\"Sir Gawain\\\" highlights the importance of honour and chivalry. Preserved in the same manuscript with Sir Gawayne were three other poems, now generally accepted as\",\n \"title\": \"English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391773\",\n \"text\": \"other poems: \\\"The Greene Knight\\\" and \\\"King Arthur and King Cornwall\\\". Scholars have attempted to connect him to other mythical characters, such as Jack in the green of English tradition and to Al-Khidr, but no definitive connection has yet been established. However, there is a possibility, as Alice Buchanan has argued, that the colour green is erroneously attributed to the Green Knight due to the poet's mistranslation or misunderstanding of the Irish word \\\"glas\\\", which could either mean grey or green. In the Death of Curoi (one of the Irish stories from Bricriu's Feast), Curoi stands in for Bertilak, and\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391767\",\n \"text\": \"of their symbolic nature. The story starts on New Year's Eve with a beheading and culminates on the next New Year's Day. Gawain leaves Camelot on All Saints Day and arrives at Bertilak's castle on Christmas Eve. Furthermore, the Green Knight tells Gawain to meet him at the Green Chapel in \\\"a year and a day\\\"—a period of time seen often in medieval literature. Some scholars interpret the yearly cycles, each beginning and ending in winter, as the poet's attempt to convey the inevitable fall of all things good and noble in the world. Such a theme is strengthened by\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391808\",\n \"text\": \"Gawain's make this area a likely candidate for the journey. Gawain's trek leads him directly into the centre of the Pearl Poet's dialect region, where the candidates for the locations of the Castle at Hautdesert and the Green Chapel stand. Hautdesert is thought to be in the area of Swythamley in northwest Midland, as it lies in the writer's dialect area and matches the topographical features described in the poem. The area is also known to have housed all of the animals hunted by Bertilak (deer, boar, fox) in the 14th century. The Green Chapel is thought to be in\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391807\",\n \"text\": \"example, are mentioned in the poem. They exist today as a single island off the coast of Wales. In line 700, Gawain is said to pass the \\\"Holy Head\\\", believed by many scholars to be either Holywell or the Cistercian abbey of Poulton in Pulford. Holywell is associated with the beheading of Saint Winifred. As the story goes, Winifred was a virgin who was beheaded by a local leader after she refused his sexual advances. Her uncle, another saint, put her head back in place and healed the wound, leaving only a white scar. The parallels between this story and\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4194583\",\n \"text\": \"is in the late 14th century alliterative poem \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", which survives in only one manuscript along with other poems by the same author, the so-called Pearl Poet. This poet was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, writer of \\\"The Canterbury Tales\\\", although the two wrote in different parts of England. The later poem, \\\"The Greene Knight\\\", is a late medieval rhyming romance that likely predates its only surviving copy: the 17th-century Percy Folio. The other work featuring the Green Knight, the later ballad \\\"King Arthur and King Cornwall\\\", also survives only in the Percy Folio manuscript.\",\n \"title\": \"Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391811\",\n \"text\": \"with Gawain. Gawain's embracing and kissing Bertilak in several scenes thus represents not a homosexual but a homosocial expression. Men of the time often embraced and kissed and this was acceptable under the chivalric code. Nonetheless, the Green Knight blurs the lines between homosociality and homosexuality, representing the difficulty medieval writers sometimes had in separating the two. Carolyn Dinshaw argues that the poem may have been a response to accusations that Richard II had a male lover—an attempt to reestablish the idea that heterosexuality was the Christian norm. Around the time the poem was written, the Catholic Church was beginning\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6847284\",\n \"text\": \"Early English Text Society The Early English Text Society (EETS) is a text publication society founded in 1864 which is dedicated to the editing and publication of early English texts, especially those only available in manuscript. Most of its volumes contain editions of Middle English or Old English texts. It is known for being the first to print many important English manuscripts, including Cotton Nero A.x, which contains \\\"Pearl\\\", \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", and other poems. The Society was founded in England in 1864 by Frederick James Furnivall. Its stated goal was \\\"on the one hand, to print\",\n \"title\": \"Early English Text Society\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391802\",\n \"text\": \"more empowered. At the same time, those same actions make the Lady appear adulterous; some scholars compare her with Eve in the Bible. By forcing Gawain to take her girdle, i.e. the apple, the pact made with Bertilak—and therefore the Green Knight—is broken. In this sense, it is clear that at the hands of the Lady, Gawain is a \\\"good man seduced\\\". From 1350 to 1400—the period in which the poem is thought to have been written—Wales experienced several raids at the hands of the English, who were attempting to colonise the area. The Gawain poet uses a North West\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391732\",\n \"text\": \"goes on a quest which tests his prowess, and it remains popular to this day in modern English renderings from J. R. R. Tolkien, Simon Armitage, and others, as well as through film and stage adaptations. It describes how Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's Round Table, accepts a challenge from a mysterious \\\"Green Knight\\\" who challenges any knight to strike him with his axe if he will take a return blow in a year and a day. Gawain accepts and beheads him with his blow, at which the Green Knight stands up, picks up his head and reminds\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2488562\",\n \"text\": \"Gawain Poet The \\\"Gawain Poet\\\", or less commonly the \\\"Pearl Poet\\\", is the name given to the author of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", an alliterative poem written in 14th-century Middle English. Its author appears also to have written the poems \\\"Pearl\\\" , \\\"Patience\\\", and \\\"Cleanness\\\"; some scholars suggest the author may also have composed \\\"Saint Erkenwald\\\". Save for the last (found in BL-MS \\\"Harley 2250\\\"), all these works are known from a single surviving manuscript, the British Library holding \\\"Cotton Nero A.x\\\". This body of work includes some of the most well-regarded poetry written in Middle English. The\",\n \"title\": \"Gawain Poet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391803\",\n \"text\": \"Midlands dialect common on the Welsh–English border, potentially placing him in the midst of this conflict. Patricia Clare Ingham is credited with first viewing the poem through the lens of postcolonialism, and since then a great deal of dispute has emerged over the extent to which colonial differences play a role in the poem. Most critics agree that gender plays a role, but differ about whether gender supports the colonial ideals or replaces them as English and Welsh cultures interact in the poem. A large amount of critical debate also surrounds the poem as it relates to the bi-cultural political\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1066077\",\n \"text\": \"Gawain Gawain (; ; also called Gwalchmei, Gualguanus, Gauvain, Walwein, etc.) is King Arthur's nephew and a Knight of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend. Under the name \\\"Gwalchmei\\\", he appears very early in the legend's development, being mentioned in some of the earliest Welsh Arthurian sources. As Gawain, he appears in Latin, French, English, Dutch, German and Italian literature, notably as the protagonist of the story of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". Other tales of Gawain include \\\"Historia Regum Britanniae\\\", \\\"Roman de Brut\\\", \\\"De Ortu Waluuanii\\\", \\\"Diu Crône\\\", \\\"The Awntyrs off Arthure\\\", \\\"Le Chevalier à l'épée\\\", and\",\n \"title\": \"Gawain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11823795\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Alan Waldron Ronald Alan Waldron born 9 January 1927 is an English medievalist, considered a pre-eminent expert in the field of early English literature. He wrote many books and was a lecturer at the University of Aarhus in Denmark and King's College London. He made an especial focus on the poem \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". Waldron was born and raised in Teignmouth in south Devon, attending Teignmouth Grammar School. After leaving school he worked as a clerk at Teignmouth Electric Company before being called up for National Service late in World War II. After the war under\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Alan Waldron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391792\",\n \"text\": \"is not extraordinary. The poem is in many ways deeply Christian, with frequent references to the fall of Adam and Eve and to Jesus Christ. Scholars have debated the depth of the Christian elements within the poem by looking at it in the context of the age in which it was written, coming up with varying views as to what represents a Christian element of the poem and what does not. For example, some critics compare \\\"Sir Gawain\\\" to the other three poems of the \\\"Gawain\\\" manuscript. Each has a heavily Christian theme, causing scholars to interpret \\\"Gawain\\\" similarly. Comparing\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391791\",\n \"text\": \"pense', or \\\"Shamed be he who finds evil here,\\\" is written at the end of the poem. Some critics describe Gawain's peers wearing girdles of their own as evidence of the origin of the Order of the Garter. However, in the parallel poem \\\"The Greene Knight\\\", the lace is white, not green, and is considered the origin of the collar worn by the knights of the Bath, not the Order of the Garter. The motto on the poem was probably written by a copyist and not by the original author. Still, the connection made by the copyist to the Order\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6847287\",\n \"text\": \"from 2006 to 2013. The current director is Vincent Gillespie. Early English Text Society The Early English Text Society (EETS) is a text publication society founded in 1864 which is dedicated to the editing and publication of early English texts, especially those only available in manuscript. Most of its volumes contain editions of Middle English or Old English texts. It is known for being the first to print many important English manuscripts, including Cotton Nero A.x, which contains \\\"Pearl\\\", \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", and other poems. The Society was founded in England in 1864 by Frederick James Furnivall.\",\n \"title\": \"Early English Text Society\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7275721\",\n \"text\": \"Potteries dialect Potteries is an English dialect of the North Midlands of England, almost exclusively in and around Stoke-on-Trent. As with most local dialects in English, Potteries dialect derives originally from Anglo Saxon Old English. The 14th-century Anglo Saxon poem \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", which appears in the Cotton Nero A.x manuscript uses dialect words native to the Potteries, leading some scholars to believe that it was written by a monk from Dieulacres Abbey. However, the most commonly suggested candidate for authorship is John Massey of Cotton, Cheshire (now part of Cranage outside Holmes Chapel). The same manuscript\",\n \"title\": \"Potteries dialect\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391790\",\n \"text\": \"demonstrate human capabilities for good or bad action.\\\" Through Gawain's adventure, it becomes clear that he is merely human. The reader becomes attached to this human view in the midst of the poem's romanticism, relating to Gawain's humanity while respecting his knightly qualities. Gawain \\\"shows us what moral conduct is. We shall probably not equal his behaviour, but we admire him for pointing out the way.\\\" In viewing the poem as a medieval romance, many scholars see it as intertwining chivalric and courtly love laws under the English Order of the Garter. The group's motto, 'honi soit qui mal y\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7659666\",\n \"text\": \"Gavin Gavin is a male given name. A variation on the medieval name Gawain, meaning \\\"god send\\\". Sir Gawain was a knight of King Arthur's Round Table, and St. Gavinus was a Christian martyr. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem connected with King Arthur's Round Table. Gavin also shares an origin with the Italian name Gavino, which dates back to ancient Latin. Saint Gavinus (San Gavino, Porto Torres, Sardinia) was an early Christian martyr, an ex–Roman centurion, decapitated in 300 AD and whose head was thrown in the Mediterranean sea before being reunited with his body.\",\n \"title\": \"Gavin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7659667\",\n \"text\": \"Gavin Gavin is a male given name. A variation on the medieval name Gawain, meaning \\\"god send\\\". Sir Gawain was a knight of King Arthur's Round Table, and St. Gavinus was a Christian martyr. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem connected with King Arthur's Round Table. Gavin also shares an origin with the Italian name Gavino, which dates back to ancient Latin. Saint Gavinus (San Gavino, Porto Torres, Sardinia) was an early Christian martyr, an ex–Roman centurion, decapitated in 300 AD and whose head was thrown in the Mediterranean sea before being reunited with his body.\",\n \"title\": \"Gavin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391768\",\n \"text\": \"the image of Troy, a powerful nation once thought to be invincible which, according to the \\\"Aeneid\\\", fell to the Greeks due to pride and ignorance. The Trojan connection shows itself in the presence of two virtually identical descriptions of Troy's destruction. The poem's first line reads: \\\"Since the siege and the assault were ceased at Troy\\\" and the final stanzaic line (before the bob and wheel) is \\\"After the siege and the assault were ceased at Troy\\\". The entire 'Gawain' poem follows one individual experiencing highly emotional situations. He participates in the beheading contest, watches as a man he\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11661143\",\n \"text\": \"Gawain and the Green Knight (film) Gawain and the Green Knight is a 1973 film directed by Stephen Weeks, and starring Murray Head as Gawain and Nigel Green in his final theatrical film as the Green Knight. The story is based on the medieval English tale \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" and also \\\"Yvain, the Knight of the Lion\\\" by Cretian de Troyes and the tale of Sir Gareth in Thomas Malory's \\\"Le Morte d'Arthur\\\". Part of the production was filmed at Beeston or Peckforton Castle in Cheshire. Weeks remade the film in 1984 as \\\"Sword of the Valiant\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Gawain and the Green Knight (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391820\",\n \"text\": \"presented a stage version of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" at the University Theatre, Newcastle at Christmas 1971. It was directed by Michael Bogdanov and adapted for the stage from the translation by Brian Stone. The music and lyrics were composed by Iwan Williams using medieval carols, such as the \\\"Boar's Head Carol\\\", as inspiration and folk instruments such as the Northumbrian pipes, whistles and bhodran to create a \\\"rough\\\" feel. Stone had referred Bogdanov to \\\"Cuchulain and the Beheading Game\\\", a sequence which is contained in The Grenoside Sword dance. Bogdanov found the pentangle theme to be contained\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14823780\",\n \"text\": \"a token blow and the testing of his courage by this giant, which bears similarities to the ancient Irish stories of Cú Roi, continues. Perhaps the most widely respected Arthurian poem in Middle English is that found in British Library MS Cotton Nero A x., alongside \\\"Pearl\\\" and \\\"Cleanness\\\", and known as \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". In this story, King Arthur's Christmas feast is interrupted by the arrival of a huge man on horseback holding a holly branch in one hand and an axe in the other. An axe of 'green steel'. He invites those assembled to take\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14823746\",\n \"text\": \"by defeating the enchantment of the castle, in a beheading scene in the \\\"Carle of Carlisle\\\", the story told in this Arthurian romance has much in common with that told in the 14th-century alliterative poem \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". There are two versions of this romance and neither is directly related to the other, which suggests the former existence of a lost, perhaps 14th-century manuscript version. The youngest of the two copies that survive, in a manuscript dating to the 17th century, is post-medieval in composition and testifies to \\\"the continuing appeal of chivalric plots among popular audiences\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391819\",\n \"text\": \"Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" in 2002. The BBC broadcast a documentary presented by Simon Armitage in which the journey depicted in the poem is traced, using what are believed to be the actual locations. On 5 November 2018, it was announced that a new film adaptation titled \\\"Green Knight\\\" is in the works, to be directed by American filmmaker David Lowery for A24. The poem was also adapted for the \\\"Adventure Time\\\" episode \\\"Seventeen\\\" where the Green Knight arrives on Finn's 17th birthday, issuing him the challenge, as well as a series of follow-up games. The Tyneside Theatre company\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391804\",\n \"text\": \"landscape of the time. Some argue that Bertilak is an example of the hybrid Anglo-Welsh culture found on the Welsh–English border. They therefore view the poem as a reflection of a hybrid culture that plays strong cultures off one another to create a new set of cultural rules and traditions. Other scholars, however, argue that historically much Welsh blood was shed well into the 14th century, creating a situation far removed from the more friendly hybridisation suggested by Ingham. To support this argument further, it is suggested that the poem creates an \\\"us versus them\\\" scenario contrasting the knowledgeable civilised\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2488572\",\n \"text\": \"alliterative poems. There is firm consensus that the dialect of the scribe and the author localises the poem to the north-west Midlands, centring Cheshire. To present the historical background of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and associated poems is ultimately a quest to find the anonymous poet. The notion that the Gawain-poet was attached to a provincial noble household, perhaps like that of Sir Bertilak, remains attractive to a number of critics. The quest for the Green Chapel brings Sir Gawain into Cheshire from Wales. Sir Robert Grosvenor, Sheriff of Chester was born circa 1342 at Hulme, Cheshire, England\",\n \"title\": \"Gawain Poet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391778\",\n \"text\": \"described in such detail. The poem describes the pentangle as a symbol of faithfulness and an \\\"endless knot\\\". From lines 640 to 654, the five points of the pentangle relate directly to Gawain in five ways: five senses, his five fingers, his faith found in the five wounds of Christ, the five joys of Mary (whose face was on the inside of the shield) and finally friendship, fraternity, purity, politeness and pity (traits that Gawain possessed around others). In line 625, it is described as \\\"a sign by Solomon\\\". Solomon, the third king of Israel, in the 10th century BC,\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1297543\",\n \"text\": \"Patience (poem) Patience (Middle English: \\\"Pacience\\\") is a Middle English alliterative poem written in the late 14th century. Its unknown author, designated the \\\"Pearl Poet\\\" or \\\"Gawain-Poet\\\", also appears, on the basis of dialect and stylistic evidence, to be the author of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", \\\"Pearl\\\", and \\\"Cleanness\\\" (all ca. 1360-1395) and may have composed \\\"St. Erkenwald\\\". This is thought to be true because the techniques and vocabulary of regional dialect of the unknown author is that of Northwest Midlands, located between Shropshire and Lancashire. The manuscript, Cotton Nero A.x is in the British Library. The first\",\n \"title\": \"Patience (poem)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2488578\",\n \"text\": \"his work to parts of \\\"Sir Gawain\\\". The theory was not widely accepted. Gawain Poet The \\\"Gawain Poet\\\", or less commonly the \\\"Pearl Poet\\\", is the name given to the author of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", an alliterative poem written in 14th-century Middle English. Its author appears also to have written the poems \\\"Pearl\\\" , \\\"Patience\\\", and \\\"Cleanness\\\"; some scholars suggest the author may also have composed \\\"Saint Erkenwald\\\". Save for the last (found in BL-MS \\\"Harley 2250\\\"), all these works are known from a single surviving manuscript, the British Library holding \\\"Cotton Nero A.x\\\". This body of\",\n \"title\": \"Gawain Poet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391777\",\n \"text\": \"rules that can contradict each other. In the story of \\\"Sir Gawain\\\", Gawain finds himself torn between doing what a damsel asks (accepting the girdle) and keeping his promise (returning anything given to him while his host is away). The poem contains the first recorded use of the word \\\"pentangle\\\" in English It contains the only representation of such a symbol on Gawain's shield in the Gawain literature. What is more, the poet uses a total of 46 lines in order to describe the meaning of the pentangle; no other symbol in the poem receives as much attention or is\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2492223\",\n \"text\": \"entirely unknown. Now held in the British Library, it has been dated to the late 14th century, so the poet was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, author of \\\"The Canterbury Tales\\\", though it is highly unlikely that they ever met. The three other works found in the same manuscript as \\\"Pearl\\\" (commonly known as \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", \\\"Patience\\\", and \\\"Cleanness\\\" or \\\"Purity\\\") are often considered to be written by the same author. However, the manuscript containing these poems was transcribed by a copyist and not by the original poet. Although nothing explicitly suggests that all four poems\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl (poem)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391809\",\n \"text\": \"either Lud's Church or Wetton Mill, as these areas closely match the descriptions given by the author. Ralph Elliott located the chapel (\\\"two myle henne\\\" v1078) from the old manor house at Swythamley Park at the bottom of a valley (\\\"bothm of the brem valay\\\" v2145) on a hillside (\\\"loke a littel on the launde, on thi lyfte honde\\\" v2147) in an enormous fissure (\\\"an olde caue,/or a creuisse of an olde cragge\\\" v2182-83). Several have tried to replicate this expedition and others such as Michael Twomey have created a virtual tour of Gawain's journey entitled 'Travels with Sir Gawain'\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391818\",\n \"text\": \"with a planned publication date of 2018. The poem has been adapted to film twice, on both occasions by writer-director Stephen Weeks: first as \\\"Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" in 1973 and again in 1984 as \\\"\\\", featuring Miles O'Keeffe as Gawain and Sean Connery as the Green Knight. Both films have been criticised for deviating from the poem's plot. Also, Bertilak and the Green Knight are never connected. French/Australian director Martin Beilby directed a short (30') film adaptation in 2014. There have been at least two television adaptations, \\\"Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" in 1991 and the animated \\\"Sir\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4194584\",\n \"text\": \"Its date of composition is conjectural; it may be a version of an earlier story, though it is also possibly a product of the 17th century. In \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", the Green Knight appears before Arthur's court during a Christmas feast, holding a bough of holly in one hand and a battle axe in the other. Despite disclaim of war, the knight issues a challenge: he will allow one man to strike him once with his axe, with the condition that he return the blow the next year. At first, Arthur accepts the challenge, but Gawain takes\",\n \"title\": \"Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391770\",\n \"text\": \"postures, and movements with those of another person, and, consequently, to converge emotionally.' Amy Coplan explains that emotional contagion is something that happens so quickly and automatically that we are typically unaware of it happening. The poet capitalized on this emotional reaction and thus has the reader empathizing with Sir Gawain almost without realizing it. Given the varied and even contradictory interpretations of the colour green, its precise meaning in the poem remains ambiguous. In English folklore and literature, green was traditionally used to symbolise nature and its associated attributes: fertility and rebirth. Stories of the medieval period also used\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391772\",\n \"text\": \"signifying a transformation from good to evil and back again; this displays both the spoiling and regenerative connotations of the colour green. Scholars have puzzled over the Green Knight's symbolism since the discovery of the poem. British medievalist C. S. Lewis said the character was \\\"as vivid and concrete as any image in literature\\\" and J. R. R. Tolkien said he was the \\\"most difficult character\\\" to interpret in \\\"Sir Gawain\\\". His major role in Arthurian literature is that of a judge and tester of knights, thus he is at once terrifying, friendly, and mysterious. He appears in only two\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391747\",\n \"text\": \"nominal stanzas with a rhyming section of five lines known as the \\\"bob and wheel\\\", in which the \\\"bob\\\" is a very short line, sometimes of only two syllables, followed by the \\\"wheel,\\\" longer lines with internal rhyme. The earliest known story to feature a beheading game is the 8th-century Middle Irish tale \\\"Bricriu's Feast\\\". This story parallels \\\"Gawain\\\" in that, like the Green Knight, Cú Chulainn's antagonist feints three blows with the axe before letting his target depart without injury. A beheading exchange also appears in the late 12th-century \\\"Life of Caradoc\\\", a Middle French narrative embedded in the\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10331059\",\n \"text\": \"King Arthur and King Cornwall \\\"King Arthur and King Cornwall\\\" is an English ballad surviving in fragmentary form in the 17th-century Percy Folio manuscript. An Arthurian story, it was collected by Francis James Child as Child Ballad 30. Unlike other Child Ballads, but like the Arthurian \\\"The Boy and the Mantle\\\" and \\\"The Marriage of Sir Gawain\\\", it is not a folk ballad but a professional minstrel's song. It is notable for containing the Green Knight, a character known from the medieval poems \\\"The Greene Knight\\\" and the more famous \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\"; he appears as \\\"Bredbeddle\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9410246\",\n \"text\": \"in its determined spelling out of motives and events, its domestication of the challenging and mysterious, and its explanation of marvels and ambiguities.\\\" Hahn writes, \\\"The language of \\\"The Greene Knight\\\" suggests that it was originally composed about 1500 in the South Midlands. It is marked for two fitts (perhaps indicating performance sessions), and falls into eighty-six tail-rhyme stanzas, running aabccb.\\\" The Greene Knight The Greene Knight is a late medieval rhyming romance, found in the Percy Folio Manuscript. The storyline effectively parallels the more famous \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" in describing the dealings of Gawain, King Arthur's\",\n \"title\": \"The Greene Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9410245\",\n \"text\": \"The Greene Knight The Greene Knight is a late medieval rhyming romance, found in the Percy Folio Manuscript. The storyline effectively parallels the more famous \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" in describing the dealings of Gawain, King Arthur's nephew, with the Greene Knight. The text was edited by Thomas Hahn for the Camelot Project. Key differences adduced by Hahn from the longer poem include rapid pacing, more explicit character motivations, and a rhyme scheme more suitable for popular recitation. Hahn concludes \\\"In many ways, in fact, \\\"The Greene Knight\\\", as the later poem, seems almost a summary or guide\",\n \"title\": \"The Greene Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4627478\",\n \"text\": \"works on William Shakespeare, Robert Burns and the Elizabethan theatre, editor of the Cambridge and Tudor editions of Shakespeare (1906, 1911) and editor of \\\"Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition\\\" (1934). Less known is his translation of the famous late 14th century Middle English alliterative chivalric romance \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". William Allan Neilson William Allan Neilson (28 March 1869 – 1946) was a Scottish-American educator, writer and lexicographer, graduated in the University of Edinburgh in 1891 and became a Ph.D. in Harvard University in 1898. He was president of Smith College between 1917 and 1939. Neilson was\",\n \"title\": \"William Allan Neilson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1297551\",\n \"text\": \"just narrative and describing opportunities of his material, but in exploring its equivocal nature. Many problems experienced by readers in interpreting poems, and the wide variety of interpretations offered for Sir Gawain and the Green Knight are shown to stem from the poet’s complex view of moral questions (103). The most commonly suggested candidate for authorship is John Massey of Cotton, Cheshire. He is known to have lived in the dialect region of the Pearl Poet and is thought to have written the poem, \\\"St. Erkenwald\\\", which some scholars argue bears stylistic similarities to \\\"Gawain\\\". \\\"St. Erkenwald\\\", however, has been\",\n \"title\": \"Patience (poem)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4194582\",\n \"text\": \"vegetation being of medieval art; a recollection of a figure from Celtic mythology; a Christian symbol; or the Devil himself. The medieval scholar C. S. Lewis said the character was \\\"as vivid and concrete as any image in literature.\\\" J. R. R. Tolkien called him the \\\"most difficult character\\\" to interpret in the introduction to his edition of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". His major role in Arthurian literature includes being a judge and tester of knights, and as such the other characters consider him as friendly but terrifying and somewhat mysterious. The earliest appearance of the Green Knight\",\n \"title\": \"Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391752\",\n \"text\": \"Lord and Lady conspiring to seduce a knight, seemingly \\\"against\\\" the wishes of the Lord. After the writing of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", several similar stories followed. \\\"The Greene Knight\\\" (15th–17th century) is a rhymed retelling of nearly the same tale. In it, the plot is simplified, motives are more fully explained, and some names are changed. Another story, \\\"The Turke and Gowin\\\" (15th century), begins with a Turk entering Arthur's court and asking, \\\"Is there any will, as a brother, To give a buffett and take another?\\\" At the end of this poem the Turk, rather than\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14811610\",\n \"text\": \"Scots, a dialect closely related to the northern variants of Middle English. It was written in the Anglo-Scottish border country, a region that produced many other poems such as \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" and \\\"The Awntyrs off Arthur\\\". The vocabulary is very similar to that in those poems, and like them heavy use is made of alliteration. \\\"The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain\\\" is written in stanzas of thirteen lines each, rhyming \\\"ABABABABCDDDC\\\". Like another Middle English poem, \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", most of the lines of each stanza are alliterative long lines; and like\",\n \"title\": \"The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391748\",\n \"text\": \"anonymous First Continuation of Chrétien de Troyes' \\\"Perceval, the Story of the Grail\\\". A notable difference in this story is that Caradoc's challenger is his father in disguise, come to test his honour. Lancelot is given a beheading challenge in the early 13th-century \\\"Perlesvaus\\\", in which a knight begs him to chop off his head or else put his own in jeopardy. Lancelot reluctantly cuts it off, agreeing to come to the same place in a year to put his head in the same danger. When Lancelot arrives, the people of the town celebrate and announce that they have finally\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2025778\",\n \"text\": \"into Middle English that were made under the direction of, or at the instigation of, John Wycliffe. They appeared over a period from approximately 1382 to 1395. \\\"Piers Plowman\\\" (written c. 1360–1387) or \\\"Visio Willelmi de Petro Plowman\\\" (\\\"William's Vision of Piers Plowman\\\") is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem by William Langland. It is written in unrhymed alliterative verse divided into sections called \\\"passus\\\" (Latin for \\\"step\\\"). \\\"Piers\\\" is considered by many critics to be one of the early great works of English literature along with Chaucer's \\\"Canterbury Tales\\\" and \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" during the Middle\",\n \"title\": \"British literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391786\",\n \"text\": \"manuscript into nine parts. The first and last parts are 22 stanzas long. The second and second-to-last parts are only one stanza long, and the middle five parts are eleven stanzas long. The number eleven is associated with transgression in other medieval literature (being one more than ten, a number associated with the Ten Commandments). Thus, this set of five elevens (55 stanzas) creates the perfect mix of transgression and incorruption, suggesting that Gawain is faultless in his faults. At the story's climax, Gawain is wounded superficially in the neck by the Green Knight's axe. During the medieval period, the\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391766\",\n \"text\": \"received a gift, he was obliged to provide the giver with a better gift or risk losing his honour, almost like an exchange of blows in a fight (or in a \\\"beheading game\\\"). The poem revolves around two games: an exchange of beheading and an exchange of winnings. These appear at first to be unconnected. However, a victory in the first game will lead to a victory in the second. Elements of both games appear in other stories; however, the linkage of outcomes is unique to \\\"Gawain\\\". Times, dates, seasons, and cycles within \\\"Gawain\\\" are often noted by scholars because\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3833004\",\n \"text\": \"Cleanness Cleanness (Middle English: \\\"Clannesse\\\") is a Middle English alliterative poem written in the late 14th century. Its unknown author, designated the \\\"Pearl poet\\\" or \\\"Gawain poet\\\", also appears, on the basis of dialect and stylistic evidence, to be the author of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", \\\"Pearl\\\", and \\\"Patience\\\", and may have also composed \\\"St. Erkenwald\\\". The poem is found solely in the Pearl manuscript, \\\"Cotton Nero A x\\\". That manuscript also contains \\\"Pearl\\\", \\\"Patience\\\", and \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". None of the poems has a title or divisions of chapters, but the breaks are marked\",\n \"title\": \"Cleanness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391746\",\n \"text\": \"typical of the 14th century. Instead of focusing on a metrical syllabic count and rhyme, the alliterative form of this period usually relied on the agreement of a pair of stressed syllables at the beginning of the line and another pair at the end. Each line always includes a pause, called a \\\"caesura\\\", at some point after the first two stresses, dividing it into two half-lines. Although he largely follows the form of his day, the Gawain poet was somewhat freer with convention than his or her predecessors. The poet broke the alliterative lines into variable-length groups and ended these\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4544295\",\n \"text\": \"unknown, but there is some evidence it may have been the Pearl Poet, who wrote the poems \\\"Pearl\\\" and \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", among others. The poem consists of 352 lines. Alliteration is used consistently throughout the poem, usually with three alliterating words per line. \\\"St. Erkenwald's\\\" storyline appears to house two distinct sections. The first provides a brief, historical context for the poem. The primary section also depicts the discovery of an awe-inspiring sarcophagus and the concern and confusion of those that found it. The last 180 lines of the poem focus on St. Erkenwald's dialogue with\",\n \"title\": \"St. Erkenwald (poem)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4194580\",\n \"text\": \"Green Knight The Green Knight is a character of the 14th-century Arthurian poem \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" and the related medieval work \\\"The Greene Knight\\\". His true name is revealed to be Bertilak de Hautdesert (an alternate spelling in some translations is \\\"Bercilak\\\" or \\\"Bernlak\\\") in \\\"Sir Gawain\\\", while \\\"The Greene Knight\\\" names him \\\"Bredbeddle\\\". The Green Knight later features as one of Arthur's greatest champions in the fragmentary ballad \\\"King Arthur and King Cornwall\\\", again with the name \\\"Bredbeddle\\\". In \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", Bercilak is transformed into the Green Knight by Morgan le Fay,\",\n \"title\": \"Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391784\",\n \"text\": \"his five fingers never fail him, and he always remembers the five wounds of Christ, as well as the five joys of the Virgin Mary. The fifth five is Gawain himself, who embodies the five moral virtues of the code of chivalry: \\\"friendship, generosity, chastity, courtesy, and piety\\\". All of these virtues reside, as the poet says, in the \\\"Endless Knot\\\" of the pentangle, which forever interlinks and is never broken. This intimate relationship between symbol and faith allows for rigorous allegorical interpretation, especially in the physical role that the shield plays in Gawain's quest. Thus, the poet makes Gawain\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4194610\",\n \"text\": \"chapel the knight searches for near (\\\"two myle henne\\\" v1078) the old manor house at Swythamley Park at the bottom of a valley (\\\"bothm of the brem valay\\\" v2145) on a hillside (\\\"loke a littel on the launde, on thi lyfte honde\\\" v2147) in a large fissure (\\\"an olde caue,/or a creuisse of an olde cragge\\\" v2182-83). Green Knight The Green Knight is a character of the 14th-century Arthurian poem \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" and the related medieval work \\\"The Greene Knight\\\". His true name is revealed to be Bertilak de Hautdesert (an alternate spelling in some translations\",\n \"title\": \"Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3833014\",\n \"text\": \"The technique of presenting exempla and then explicating them as demonstrations of moral principles is characteristic of many sermons of the medieval period. Here the poet uses three exempla with explication in the transitions between them. Cleanness Cleanness (Middle English: \\\"Clannesse\\\") is a Middle English alliterative poem written in the late 14th century. Its unknown author, designated the \\\"Pearl poet\\\" or \\\"Gawain poet\\\", also appears, on the basis of dialect and stylistic evidence, to be the author of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", \\\"Pearl\\\", and \\\"Patience\\\", and may have also composed \\\"St. Erkenwald\\\". The poem is found solely in\",\n \"title\": \"Cleanness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"223564\",\n \"text\": \"chivalric romances abound, particularly notable literary portrayals of knighthood include \\\"The Song of Roland\\\", Cantar de Mio Cid, The Twelve of England, Geoffrey Chaucer's \\\"The Knight's Tale\\\", Baldassare Castiglione's \\\"The Book of the Courtier\\\", and Miguel de Cervantes' \\\"Don Quixote\\\", as well as Sir Thomas Malory's \\\"Le Morte d'Arthur\\\" and other Arthurian tales (Geoffrey of Monmouth's \\\"Historia Regum Britanniae\\\", the Pearl Poet's \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", etc.). Geoffrey of Monmouth's \\\"Historia Regum Britanniae\\\" (\\\"History of the Kings of Britain\\\"), written in the 1130s, introduced the legend of King Arthur, which was to be important to the development of\",\n \"title\": \"Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391782\",\n \"text\": \"carbuncle, indicated when the Gawain-Poet describes it as a \\\"brygt sunne\\\" (line 1819), a \\\"fiery sun.\\\" This red colour can be seen as symbolizing royalty, divinity, and the Passion of the Christ, something that Gawain as a knight of the Round Table would strive for, but this colour could also represent the negative qualities of temptation and covetousness. Given the importance of magic rings in Arthurian romance, this remarkable ring would also have been believed to protect the wearer from harm just as Lady Bertilak claims the girdle will. The poet highlights number symbolism to add symmetry and meaning to\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"208370\",\n \"text\": \"and Lúthien. On 3 November 1920, Tolkien was demobilized and left the army, retaining his rank of lieutenant. His first civilian job after World War I was at the \\\"Oxford English Dictionary\\\", where he worked mainly on the history and etymology of words of Germanic origin beginning with the letter \\\"W\\\". In 1920, he took up a post as reader in English language at the University of Leeds, becoming the youngest professor there. While at Leeds, he produced \\\"A Middle English Vocabulary\\\" and a definitive edition of \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" with E. V. Gordon; both became academic\",\n \"title\": \"J. R. R. Tolkien\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14811590\",\n \"text\": \"The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain (also commonly spelt \\\"Golagros and Gawane\\\") is a Middle Scots Arthurian romance written in alliterative verse of 1362 lines, known solely from a printed edition of 1508 in the possession of the National Library of Scotland. No manuscript copy of this lively and exciting tale has survived. Though the story is set during Arthur and his band's journey of pilgrimage to the Holy Land, most of the reaction action takes place in France, with Sir Gawain, King Arthur's nephew as its main hero. The tale actually\",\n \"title\": \"The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2128522\",\n \"text\": \"a highly sophisticated development of Reynardian material as part of his \\\"Morall Fabillis\\\" in the sections known as \\\"The Talking of the Tod\\\". Hans van Ghetelen, a printer of Incunabula in Lübeck printed an early German version called \\\"Reinke de Vos\\\" in 1498. It was translated to Latin and other languages, which made the tale popular across Europe. Reynard is also referenced in the Middle English poem \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" during the third hunt. Tybalt in Shakespeare's \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\" is named after the cat in Reynard the Fox (and is called 'Prince of Cats' by Mercutio\",\n \"title\": \"Reynard the Fox\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2937148\",\n \"text\": \"to come later; its first extant usage occurs in the 14th-century poem \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". Knight-errantry tales remained popular with courtly audiences throughout the Late Middle Ages. They were written in Middle French, in Middle English and in Middle German. In the 16th century, the genre became highly popular in the Iberian Peninsula; \\\"Amadis de Gaula\\\" was one of the most successful knight-errantry tales of this period. In \\\"Don Quixote\\\" (1605), Cervantes burlesqued the romances and their popularity. Tales of knight-errantry then fell out of fashion for two centuries, until they re-emerged in the form of the\",\n \"title\": \"Knight-errant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2488570\",\n \"text\": \"knowledge of classical poets, such as Virgil and Ovid, with the likes of Chaucer. However, there have been claims that certain small debts can be detected in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight to Virgil and to Seneca the Younger, and it is highly likely that the poet was familiar with a wide range of Latin literature that was current among the educated class in the Middle Ages. The chronology of the \\\"Alliterative Revival\\\" of which these works are a significant part, cannot be established with any precision. It is assumed that the revival began in the south-west midlands and\",\n \"title\": \"Gawain Poet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2488567\",\n \"text\": \"of a certain social standing, perhaps a member of a family of landed gentry. J. R. R. Tolkien and E.V. Gordon, after reviewing the allusions, style, and themes of \\\"Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", concluded in 1925: The author began writing during a time of rapid change and development in English literature. The poet's language was arguably also influenced by 14th-century social developments, particularly the movement toward a more anglicised ruling class and political identity, and by changes in the English language, primarily driven by exposure to dialects of French. The sophistication of the author's literary style, and their references\",\n \"title\": \"Gawain Poet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391793\",\n \"text\": \"it to the poem \\\"Cleanness\\\" (also known as \\\"Purity\\\"), for example, they see it as a story of the apocalyptic fall of a civilisation, in \\\"Gawain's\\\" case, Camelot. In this interpretation, Sir Gawain is like Noah, separated from his society and warned by the Green Knight (who is seen as God's representative) of the coming doom of Camelot. Gawain, judged worthy through his test, is spared the doom of the rest of Camelot. King Arthur and his knights, however, misunderstand Gawain's experience and wear garters themselves. In \\\"Cleanness\\\" the men who are saved are similarly helpless in warning their society\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13804731\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In addition to her novels, translations, and academic books and essays, Webster is a prolific author of fictional short stories. Eleven of these stories were published in the collection \\\"Tattoo Bird\\\", published online by FictionNet in 1996, as well as in various journals including \\\"Women's Studies\\\", \\\"The Chariton Review\\\", \\\"Caprice\\\" and other literary publications. Brenda Webster has been nominated for two Northern California Book Awards (2007). Her short story \\\"Tattoo Bird\\\" received an Honorable Mention (second prize) in the H.E. Francis Short Story Competition held by the Ruth Hindman Foundation. It was also twice\",\n \"title\": \"Brenda Webster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10053502\",\n \"text\": \"the Green Chapel itself. The Young Adult Library Services Association, a division of the American Library Association, included \\\"The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady\\\" in their 2000 list of Best Books for Young Adults and their 2003 list of Popular Paperbacks for Young Adults. The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady is a book written by Gerald Morris. Its prequel is \\\"The Squire's Tale\\\", also written by Gerald Morris. The plot is based on the late 14th century Arthurian romance, \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\". This book tells the tale of\",\n \"title\": \"The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1493809\",\n \"text\": \"moniker 'Fair Field'. It included an exhibition at the National Poetry Library and a series of podcasts published by the \\\"Guardian\\\". Piers Plowman Piers Plowman (written 1370–90) or \\\"Visio Willelmi de Petro Ploughman\\\" (\\\"William's Vision of Piers Plowman\\\") is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem by William Langland. It is written in unrhymed, alliterative verse divided into sections called \\\"passus\\\" (Latin for \\\"step\\\"). Like the Pearl Poet's \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", \\\"Piers Plowman\\\" is considered by many critics to be one of the greatest works of English literature of the Middle Ages, even preceding and influencing Chaucer's \\\"Canterbury\",\n \"title\": \"Piers Plowman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3346887\",\n \"text\": \"just magnificent, where the enjambment renders the line more powerful (as O’Donoghue rightly sees in his introduction, p. 8). Great poems can make for great translations, other great poems really. Read this great translation because it is also a great poem. Boyd Tonkin's review of the same poem in The Independent: Part of the same 14th century manuscript as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, also written in its dialect, Pearl is an intricately wrought 1200-line elegiac poem. A father grieves for his small daughter, dead before her second birthday. Anyone who has ever read this wrenchingly beautiful vision of\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Draycott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14811347\",\n \"text\": \"the story at the expense of descriptive detail, psychology, and wordplay. This unique survival is found in British Library MS Cotton Galba E ix., a manuscript without any illustrations and which dates to the early-fifteenth century. Ywain and Gawain Ywain and Gawain is an early-fourteenth century Middle English Arthurian verse romance based quite closely upon the late-twelfth century Old French romance \\\"The Knight of the Lion\\\" by Chrétien de Troyes. Ywain, one of King Arthur's Knights of the Round Table, while at Arthur's court hears from Sir Colgrevance about an encounter he had with a knight, who defeated him in\",\n \"title\": \"Ywain and Gawain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13559444\",\n \"text\": \"the question of whether the writers believed in the possibilities of the marvels in \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\" or \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" makes it difficult to distinguish when fantasy, in its modern sense, first began. Although pre-dated by John Ruskin's \\\"The King of the Golden River\\\" (1841), the history of modern fantasy literature is usually said to begin with George MacDonald, the Scottish author of such novels as \\\"The Princess and the Goblin\\\" and \\\"Phantastes\\\" (1858), the latter of which is widely considered to be the first fantasy novel ever written for adults. MacDonald was a major\",\n \"title\": \"Fantasy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"664140\",\n \"text\": \"and damage the natural landscape. In 2007, negotiations took place to relocate the development to Dale View quarry in a less sensitive area. The landscapes of the Peak have inspired writers for centuries. Various places have been identified by Ralph Elliott and others as locations in the 14th-century poem \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\"; Lud's Church is thought to be the Green Chapel. Key scenes in Jane Austen's 1813 novel \\\"Pride and Prejudice\\\" are set in the Peak . \\\"Peveril of the Peak\\\" (1823) by Sir Walter Scott is a historical novel set at Peveril Castle, Castleton during the\",\n \"title\": \"Peak District\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391736\",\n \"text\": \"lips remind Gawain that the two must meet again at the Green Chapel. He then rides away. Gawain and Arthur admire the axe, hang it up as a trophy and encourage Guinevere to treat the whole matter lightly. As the date approaches, Sir Gawain sets off to find the Green Chapel and keep his side of the bargain. Many adventures and battles are alluded to (but not described) until Gawain comes across a splendid castle where he meets Bertilak de Hautdesert, the lord of the castle, and his beautiful wife, who are pleased to have such a renowned guest. Also\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1297549\",\n \"text\": \"a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, author of \\\"The Canterbury Tales\\\", though it is highly unlikely that they ever met. The three other works found in the same manuscript as \\\"Pearl\\\" (commonly known as \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", \\\"Pearl\\\", and \\\"Cleanness\\\" or \\\"Purity\\\") are often considered to be written by the same author. However, the manuscript containing these poems was transcribed by a copyist and not by the original poet, known by scribal errors. Suggested emandations may be found in \\\"\\\"Patience: An Alliterative Version of \\\"Jonah\\\" by the Poet of \\\"Pearl.\\\"\\\" Although nothing explicitly suggests that all four poems\",\n \"title\": \"Patience (poem)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391754\",\n \"text\": \"Green Knight\\\" is the test of Gawain's adherence to the code of chivalry. The typical temptation fable of medieval literature presents a series of tribulations assembled as tests or \\\"proofs\\\" of moral virtue. The stories often describe several individuals' failures after which the main character is tested. Success in the proofs will often bring immunity or good fortune. Gawain's ability to pass the tests of his host are of utmost importance to his survival, though he does not know it. It is only by fortuity or \\\"instinctive-courtesy\\\" that Sir Gawain is able to pass his test. Gawain does not realize,\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1493771\",\n \"text\": \"Piers Plowman Piers Plowman (written 1370–90) or \\\"Visio Willelmi de Petro Ploughman\\\" (\\\"William's Vision of Piers Plowman\\\") is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem by William Langland. It is written in unrhymed, alliterative verse divided into sections called \\\"passus\\\" (Latin for \\\"step\\\"). Like the Pearl Poet's \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\", \\\"Piers Plowman\\\" is considered by many critics to be one of the greatest works of English literature of the Middle Ages, even preceding and influencing Chaucer's \\\"Canterbury Tales\\\". \\\"Piers Plowman\\\" contains the first known allusion to a literary tradition of Robin Hood tales. The poem, a mix of\",\n \"title\": \"Piers Plowman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391823\",\n \"text\": \"was adapted into an opera called \\\"Gawain\\\" by Harrison Birtwistle, first performed in 1991. Birtwistle's opera was praised for maintaining the complexity of the poem while translating it into lyric, musical form. Another operatic adaptation is Lynne Plowman's \\\"Gwyneth and the Green Knight\\\", first performed in 2002. This opera uses \\\"Sir Gawain\\\" as the backdrop but refocuses the story on Gawain's female squire, Gwyneth, who is trying to become a knight. Plowman's version was praised for its approachability, as its target is the family audience and young children, but criticised for its use of modern language and occasional preachy nature.\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8214773\",\n \"text\": \"Cheshire dialect The Cheshire dialect is an English dialect spoken in the county of Cheshire in North West England. It has similarities with the dialects of the surrounding counties of Merseyside, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, Shropshire, and Derbyshire. The dialect has existed for centuries and is distinct from standard British English. The works of the 14th century poets; such as, \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" and \\\"Gawain\\\" poet are written in this dialect. This also includes the religious poem \\\"St. Erkenwald\\\", which dates from the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century. Cheshire author Alan Garner states \\\"Of course \\\"[the Cheshire\",\n \"title\": \"Cheshire dialect\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391771\",\n \"text\": \"it to allude to love and the base desires of man. Because of its connection with faeries and spirits in early English folklore, green also signified witchcraft, devilry and evil. It can also represent decay and toxicity. When combined with gold, as with the Green Knight and the girdle, green was often seen as representing youth's passing. In Celtic mythology, green was associated with misfortune and death, and therefore avoided in clothing. The green girdle, originally worn for protection, became a symbol of shame and cowardice; it is finally adopted as a symbol of honour by the knights of Camelot,\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391753\",\n \"text\": \"buffeting Gawain back, asks the knight to cut off his head, which Gawain does. The Turk then praises Gawain and showers him with gifts. \\\"The Carle of Carlisle\\\" (17th century) also resembles \\\"Gawain\\\" in a scene in which the Carle (Churl), a lord, takes Sir Gawain to a chamber where two swords are hanging and orders Gawain to cut off his head or suffer his own to be cut off. Gawain obliges and strikes, but the Carle rises, laughing and unharmed. Unlike the \\\"Gawain\\\" poem, no return blow is demanded or given. At the heart of \\\"Sir Gawain and the\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5484058\",\n \"text\": \"mentions, the easiest to identify was \\\"Þe Pistil als of Suet Susane\\\". This has been fairly firmly associated with The Pistel of Swete Susan, an alliterative poem surviving in 5 manuscripts. The \\\"Gest of Arthure\\\", also called \\\"Gest Historyalle\\\" and described by Wyntoun, has been more tentatively identified as the well-known \\\"Alliterative Morte Arthure\\\" (found in the Thornton manuscript of Lincoln Cathedral). The \\\"Awntyr of Gawane\\\" (literally the \\\"Adventure of Gawain\\\") is less certain. Neilson advanced that it represented the great alliterative work \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\" and Huchoun was therefore also credited with \\\"Patience\\\", \\\"Pearl\\\", and \\\"Cleanness\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Huchoun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"391775\",\n \"text\": \"is: Sir Gawain or Lady Bertilak. The girdle is given to Gawain by Lady Bertilak in order to keep him safe when he confronts the Green Knight. When Lord Bertilak returns home from his hunting trip, Gawain does not reveal the girdle to his host but, instead, hides it. This introduces the spiritual interpretation, that Gawain’s acceptance of the girdle is a sign of his faltering faith in God, at least in the face of death. To some, the Green Knight is Christ, who overcomes death, while Gawain is the Every Christian, who in his struggles to follow Christ faithfully,\",\n \"title\": \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where was sir gawain and the green knight written"}}},{"rowIdx":92,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1941"],"string":"[\n \"1941\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"703915","text":"military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The attack commenced at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (18:18 GMT). The base was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft (including fighters, level and dive bombers, and torpedo bombers) in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers. All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four sunk. All but were later raised, and","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"703914","text":"Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War II. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning. Japan intended the attack as a preventive action to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"703974","text":"and may even have let it happen or encouraged it in order to force the U.S. into war via the so-called \"back door\". However, this conspiracy theory is rejected by mainstream historians. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Accounts Media Historical documents Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"20552458","text":"Japan during World War II The Empire of Japan entered World War II by launching a surprise offensive which opened with the attack on Pearl Harbor at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (18:18 GMT) on December 7, 1941. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The strategic goals of the offensive were to cripple the U.S. Pacific fleet, capture oil fields in the Dutch East Indies, and expand the outer reaches of the Japanese Empire to create a","title":"Japan during World War II"},{"id":"703918","text":"Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, \"a date which will live in infamy\". Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of, and planned for, since the 1920s. The relationship between the two countries was cordial enough that they remained trading partners.","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"9737710","text":"raids on western Japan when Chinese forces launched an offensive during 1939. USAAF aircraft bombed Japan for the first time in mid-April 1942. In an operation conducted primarily to raise morale in the United States and to avenge the attack on Pearl Harbor, 16 B-25 Mitchell medium bombers were carried from San Francisco to within range of Japan on the aircraft carrier . These aircraft were launched on 18 April, and individually bombed targets in Tokyo, Yokohama, Yokosuka, Nagoya and Kobe. The Japanese air defense units were taken by surprise, and all the B-25s escaped without serious damage. The aircraft","title":"Air raids on Japan"},{"id":"10992368","text":"a second Conference in the fall. Simultaneously over the year, pilots were trained, and ships prepared for its execution. Authority for the attack was granted at the second Imperial Conference if a diplomatic result satisfactory to Japan was not reached. After the Hull note and final approval by Emperor Hirohito the order to attack was issued at the beginning of December. Tensions between Japan and the prominent Western countries (the United States, France, Britain and the Netherlands) increased significantly during the increasingly militaristic early rule of Emperor Hirohito. Japanese nationalists and military leaders increasingly influenced government policy, promoting a Greater","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"703919","text":"Tensions did not seriously grow until Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Over the next decade, Japan expanded into China, leading to the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. Japan spent considerable effort trying to isolate China, and endeavored to secure enough independent resources to attain victory on the mainland. The \"Southern Operation\" was designed to assist these efforts. Starting in December 1937, events such as the Japanese attack on USS \"Panay\", the Allison incident, and the Nanking Massacre swung Western public opinion sharply against Japan. Fearing Japanese expansion, the United States, United Kingdom, and France assisted China with its loans","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"14214676","text":"Pearl Harbor in December 1941 led to war with the United States and its allies. Japan's forces soon became overextended, but the military held out in spite of Allied air attacks that inflicted severe damage on population centers. Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's unconditional surrender on 15 August 1945, following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. The Allies occupied Japan until 1952, during which a new constitution was enacted in 1947 that transformed Japan into a constitutional monarchy. After 1955, Japan enjoyed very high economic growth, and became a world economic powerhouse. Since the","title":"History of Japan"},{"id":"11061322","text":"against Germany and Italy still remained quite high with 80% disapproval. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. After two hours of bombing, 18 U.S. ships were sunk or damaged, 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed, and 2,403 men were killed. The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of the 77th United States Congress. Roosevelt called December 7 \"a date which will live in infamy\". Congress declared war on the Empire of Japan amid outrage at the attack, the deaths of thousands of Americans,","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"14214755","text":"country, further increasing tension in the Pacific. In late 1941, Japan's government, led by Prime Minister and General Hideki Tojo, decided to break the US-led embargo through force of arms. On December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This brought the US into World War II on the side of the Allies. Japan then successfully invaded the Asian colonies of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, including the Philippines, Malaya, Hong Kong, Singapore, Burma, and the Dutch East Indies. In the early stages of the","title":"History of Japan"},{"id":"703925","text":"United Kingdom, and Netherlands ceased aid to China and lifted their sanctions against Japan. The American counter-proposal of November 26 (November 27 in Japan), the Hull note, required Japan completely evacuate China without conditions and conclude non-aggression pacts with Pacific powers. On November 26 in Japan, the day before the note's delivery, the Japanese task force left port for Pearl Harbor. Preliminary planning for an attack on Pearl Harbor to protect the move into the \"Southern Resource Area\" (the Japanese term for the Dutch East Indies and Southeast Asia generally) had begun very early in 1941 under the auspices of","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"703917","text":"Kazuo Sakamaki, was captured. The surprise attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters. The following day, December 8, the United States declared war on Japan, and several days later, on December 11, Germany and Italy each declared war on the U.S. The U.S. responded with a declaration of war against Germany and Italy. Domestic support for non-interventionism, which had been fading since the Fall of France in 1940, disappeared. There were numerous historical precedents for unannounced military action by","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"703932","text":"26, 1941, a Japanese task force (the Striking Force) of six aircraft carriers—, , , , , and —departed Hittokapu Bay on Kasatka (now Iterup) Island in the Kurile Islands, \"en route\" to a position northwest of Hawaii, intending to launch its 408 aircraft to attack Pearl Harbor: 360 for the two attack waves and 48 on defensive combat air patrol (CAP), including nine fighters from the first wave. The first wave was to be the primary attack, while the second wave was to attack carriers as its first objective and cruisers as its second, with battleships as the third","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"14740059","text":"down the process – it was not delivered to the U.S. Secretary of State until after the Pearl Harbor attack. Following the U.S. declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, bringing the United States fully into World War II. The attack on Pearl Harbor took place before a declaration of war by Japan had been delivered to the United States. It was originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the US that it was withdrawing from further peace negotiations, but the attack began before the notice could","title":"United States declaration of war on Japan"},{"id":"703922","text":"need a force ten times that size. By 1941, U.S. planners expected to abandon the Philippines at the outbreak of war. Late that year, Admiral Thomas C. Hart, commander of the Asiatic Fleet, was given orders to that effect. The U.S. finally ceased oil exports to Japan in July 1941, following the seizure of French Indochina after the Fall of France, in part because of new American restrictions on domestic oil consumption. Because of this decision, Japan proceeded with plans to take the oil-rich Dutch East Indies. On August 17, Roosevelt warned Japan that America was prepared to take opposing","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"2208603","text":"resisted for several hours, before the Thai government signed an armistice with Japan. In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), Japan launched a major surprise carrier-based air strike on Pearl Harbor without explicit warning, which crippled the US Pacific Fleet, leaving eight American battleships out of action, 188 American aircraft destroyed, and 2,403 Americans dead. At the time of the attack, the US was not officially at war anywhere in the world as the Japanese embassy failed to decipher and deliver the Japanese ultimatum to the American government before noon December 7 (Washington time), which means that the","title":"Pacific War"},{"id":"17173365","text":"Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo (Kyūjitai: ; Shinjitai: ; \"\"; December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 27th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from October 17, 1941, to July 22, 1944. He is best known for his actions as Prime Minister during the war, such as being responsible for ordering the attack on Pearl Harbor and many war actions, which initiated war between Japan and the United States, although planning for it had begun in April 1941,","title":"Hideki Tojo"},{"id":"8425814","text":"1941 and December 1941, would turn out to be all they would take to battle against the menace that was to befall the Philippine Islands. As late as December 1, 1941, only about two-thirds of the 41st Division had been called into active service. Only a few days later, on December 7, 1941 (December 8, 1941 in Asian time zones), Japan launched an attack on Pearl Harbor. Within a matter of hours of each other, Japanese forces also commenced attacks on Guam, Wake Island, the British crown colony of Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaya, and the Philippines. General Douglas MacArthur's initial","title":"Vicente Lim"},{"id":"12962342","text":"decision. Following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the United States Navy established a base on the island in 1899. On December 7, 1941, the base was attacked by the Imperial Japanese Navy airplanes and midget submarines, causing the American entry into World War II. One of the main reasons that Pearl Harbor happened was because the United States had major communication breakdowns among several branches of the U.S. armed services and departments of the U.S. government. This led to the surprise Japanese attack at the Hawaiian air base. There was no meaningful plan for the air defense of Hawaii,","title":"Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"13043854","text":"Territory, without warning and without a declaration of war, killing 2,403 Americans, and injuring 1,178 others. The attack sank four U.S. Navy battleships and damaged four others. It also damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, and one minelayer. Aircraft losses were 188 destroyed and 159 damaged. Canada declared war on Japan within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the first Western nation to do so. On December 8, the United States declared war on Japan and entered World War II on the side of the Allies. In a speech to Congress, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the bombing of Pearl","title":"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day"},{"id":"703940","text":"by a number of senior U.S government and military officials as a very strong indicator negotiations were likely to be terminated and that war might break out at any moment, it neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations. A declaration of war was printed on the front page of Japan's newspapers in the evening edition of December 8, but not delivered to the U.S. government until the day after the attack. For decades, conventional wisdom held that Japan attacked without first formally breaking diplomatic relations only because of accidents and bumbling that delayed the delivery of a document hinting at","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"10992365","text":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor A series of events led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation's military forces planned for in the 1920s, though real tension did not begin until the 1931 invasion of Manchuria by Japan. Over the next decade, Japan expanded slowly into China, leading to the Second Sino-Japanese war in 1937. In 1940 Japan invaded French Indochina in an effort to embargo all imports into China, including war supplies purchased from the U.S. This move prompted the United States to","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"20552462","text":"attaché in Washington, D.C... Understanding the inherent dangers of war with the United States, Yamamoto warned his fellow countrymen: \"We can run wild for six months or maybe a year, but after that, I have utterly no confidence.\" The Imperial Japanese Navy made its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii Territory, on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. The Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Forces and Marine air forces sustained significant losses. The primary objective of the attack was to incapacitate the United States long enough for Japan to establish its long-planned Southeast","title":"Japan during World War II"},{"id":"703926","text":"Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, then commanding Japan's Combined Fleet. He won assent to formal planning and training for an attack from the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff only after much contention with Naval Headquarters, including a threat to resign his command. Full-scale planning was underway by early spring 1941, primarily by Rear Admiral Ryūnosuke Kusaka, with assistance from Captain Minoru Genda and Yamamoto's Deputy Chief of Staff, Captain Kameto Kuroshima. The planners studied the 1940 British air attack on the Italian fleet at Taranto intensively. Over the next several months, pilots were trained, equipment was adapted, and intelligence was collected. Despite","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"11233188","text":"Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire The declaration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire was published on December 8, 1941 (Japan time; December 7 in the United States), after Japanese forces had executed an attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor and attacks on British forces in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The declaration of war was printed on the front page of all Japanese newspapers' evening editions on December 8. The document was subsequently printed again on the eighth day of","title":"Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire"},{"id":"207720","text":"following international condemnation of this occupation, it quit the League of Nations in 1933. In 1936, Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany and the 1940 Tripartite Pact made it one of the Axis Powers. The Empire of Japan invaded other parts of China in 1937, precipitating the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). The Imperial Japanese Army swiftly captured the capital Nanjing and conducted the Nanjing Massacre. In 1940, the Empire invaded French Indochina, after which the United States placed an oil embargo on Japan. On December 7–8, 1941, Japanese forces carried out surprise attacks on Pearl Harbor, British forces in","title":"Japan"},{"id":"4457447","text":"first American-caused casualties occurred on 7 December 1941 when the attacked and sank a Japanese midget submarine near the entrance to Pearl Harbor prior to the commencement of the Japanese air attack upon Hawaii later that day. As a result of the attack on Hawaii, America declared war on Japan on 8 December 1941. Germany and Italy declared war on the United States three days later. The first planned offensive action by the United States in World War II came in January 1942 when the aircraft carrier attacked Japanese bases in the Marshall Islands. First engagement of neutral United States","title":"First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"10992370","text":"Second London Naval Disarmament Conference because the United States and Great Britain refused to grant the Japanese Navy parity with theirs. A second war between Japan and China began with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in July 1937. Japan's 1937 attack on China was condemned by the U.S. and several members of the League of Nations including Britain, France, Australia and the Netherlands. Japanese atrocities during the conflict, such as the notorious Nanking Massacre that December, served to further complicate relations with the rest of the world. The U.S., Britain, France and the Netherlands each possessed colonies in East and","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"11233190","text":"as a pretext for imperialism. In response, the U.S. imposed an oil embargo on Japan in August 1941 to stop aiding their aggression in Asia and to contain Japanese actions such as their war crimes in Nanking. Japan saw this as a hostile and provocative act, and retaliated with the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the declarations of war on the US and the British Empire. Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire The declaration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire was published on December 8,","title":"Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire"},{"id":"13738959","text":"to rule the vast countryside. On 27 September 1940, Japan became cosignatories of the Tripartite Pact, joining a military alliance with Germany and Italy. On December 7 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on the American base at Pearl Harbor as a mean of preventing the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned expansion in the area. The next day, following Roosevelt's Infamy Speech, the United States declared war on Japan, marking the official entry of both nations in World War 2. At the same time, Japan also launched attacks on Thailand, the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, Hong","title":"20th-century events"},{"id":"3998953","text":"7, 1941 (Honolulu time), Japan invaded the British colonies of Malaya and bombed Singapore and began land actions in Hong Kong, without a declaration of war or an ultimatum. Both the U.S. and Britain were neutral when Japan attacked their territories without explicit warning of a state of war. The U.S. officially classified all 3,649 military and civilian casualties and destruction of military property at Pearl Harbor as non-combatants as there was no state of war between the U.S. and Japan when the attack occurred. Joseph B. Keenan, the chief prosecutor in the Tokyo Trials, says that the attack on","title":"Japanese war crimes"},{"id":"703920","text":"for war supply contracts. In 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina, attempting to stymie the flow of supplies reaching China. The United States halted shipments of airplanes, parts, machine tools, and aviation gasoline to Japan, which the latter perceived as an unfriendly act. The United States did not stop oil exports, however, partly because of the prevailing sentiment in Washington: given Japanese dependence on American oil, such an action was likely to be considered an extreme provocation. In mid-1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved the Pacific Fleet from San Diego to Hawaii. He also ordered a military buildup in the Philippines,","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"138990","text":"the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack, knocking out the main American battleship fleet and killing 2,403 American servicemen and civilians. At the same time, separate Japanese task forces attacked Thailand, British Hong Kong, the Philippines, and other targets. Roosevelt called for war in his famous \"Infamy Speech\" to Congress, in which he said: \"Yesterday, December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.\" In a nearly unanimous vote, Congress declared war on","title":"Franklin D. Roosevelt"},{"id":"703961","text":"Empire of Japan. Congress obliged his request less than an hour later. On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, even though the Tripartite Pact did not require it. Congress issued a declaration of war against Germany and Italy later that same day. The UK actually declared war on Japan nine hours before the U.S. did, partially due to Japanese attacks on Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong, and partially due to Winston Churchill's promise to declare war \"within the hour\" of a Japanese attack on the United States. The attack was an initial shock to all","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"14740058","text":"United States declaration of war on Japan On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war () on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. It was formulated an hour after the \"Infamy Speech\" of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Japan had sent a message to the United States to its embassy in Washington earlier, but because of problems at the embassy in decoding the very long message – the high-security level assigned to the declaration meant that only personnel with very high clearances could decode it, which slowed","title":"United States declaration of war on Japan"},{"id":"703945","text":"at Pearl Harbor, though MacArthur had almost nine hours warning that the Japanese had already attacked Pearl Harbor. The air portion of the attack began at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (3:18 a.m. December 8 Japanese Standard Time, as kept by ships of the \"Kido Butai\"), with the attack on Kaneohe. A total of 353 Japanese planes in two waves reached Oahu. Slow, vulnerable torpedo bombers led the first wave, exploiting the first moments of surprise to attack the most important ships present (the battleships), while dive bombers attacked U.S. air bases across Oahu, starting with Hickam Field, the largest, and","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"10992369","text":"East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere as part of Japan's alleged \"divine right\" to unify Asia under Hirohito's rule. During the 1930s, Japan's increasingly expansionist policies brought it into renewed conflict with its neighbors, Russia and China (Japan had fought the First Sino-Japanese War with China in 1894–95 and the Russo-Japanese War with Russia in 1904–05; Japan's imperialist ambitions had a hand in precipitating both conflicts). In March 1933, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in response to international condemnation of its conquest of Manchuria and subsequent establishment of the Manchukuo puppet government. On January 15, 1936, Japan withdrew from the","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"11061356","text":"war are about to fade\". The attack was notable for its considerable destruction, as putting most of the U.S. battleships out of commission was regarded—in both navies and by most military observers worldwide—as a tremendous success for Japan. Influenced by the earlier Battle of Taranto, which pioneered the all-aircraft naval attack but resulted in far less damage and casualties, the Japanese struck against Pearl Harbor on a much larger scale than did the British at Taranto. The attack was a great shock to all the Allies in the Pacific Theater, and it was initially believed Pearl Harbor changed the balance","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"1549618","text":"own people and nation, Prime Minister Konoe formed the Taisei Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association) on October 12, 1940, as a ruling party in Japan. Facing an oil embargo by the United States as well as dwindling domestic reserves, the Japanese government decided to execute a plan developed by Isoroku Yamamoto to attack the United States Pacific Fleet in Hawaii. The Imperial Japanese Navy made its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. American forces sustained significant losses. The primary objective of the attack was to incapacitate the United States long enough for Japan","title":"Empire of Japan"},{"id":"15634325","text":"Department of the Navy informed McMillin of the December 7 attack on Pearl Harbor on December 8. Upon receiving this news and the beginning of United States involvement in World War II, McMillin ordered the evacuation of various civilian populations, the jailing of all Japanese nationals on the island, and churches, banks, and schools closed. A few hours later, the Japanese attacked Guam. At 8:27 p.m. on December 8, the battle began. Japanese planes first began bombing the Marine barracks and then other key targets. The also sank in the initial attack. The was set ablaze and captured by Japanese","title":"George McMillin"},{"id":"187439","text":"Islands also fell to Allied forces during the war. The Pacific front saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between the belligerents Japan and the United States. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941 (8 December in Japan). The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the","title":"History of Oceania"},{"id":"703938","text":"wreck was in the debris field where much surplus U.S. equipment was dumped after the war, including vehicles and landing craft. Both of its torpedoes were missing. This correlates with reports of two torpedoes fired at the light cruiser at 10:04 at the entrance of Pearl Harbor, and a possible torpedo fired at destroyer at 08:21. The attack took place before any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but this was not Admiral Yamamoto's intention. He originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the United States that peace negotiations were","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"15138887","text":"on the base at Pearl Harbor as part of a preparedness exercise. The attack \"succeeded\" and the defense was deemed a \"failure\". Aircraft and midget submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy under the command of Admiral Chuichi Nagumo began an attack on the U.S. naval base. Through earlier code breaking activity, the Americans had determined that an attack was likely to occur. However, while the Americans failed to discover Japan's target location, it was believed that the Philippines was the most likely target. At 06:05 on 7 December, the six Japanese carriers launched a first wave of 183 aircraft composed","title":"Naval Station Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"16758026","text":"units made up of 260,715 individuals were officially recognized as having fought in the resistance movement. The Attack on Pearl Harbor (called \"Hawaii Operation\" or \"Operation AI\" by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941 (December 8 in Japan and the Philippines). The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the Empire of Japan was planning in Southeast Asia against the","title":"Philippine resistance against Japan"},{"id":"540231","text":"and capture Southeast Asia. Thus Japan initiated the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 as a means to inhibit an American response to the invasion of Southeast Asia, and buy time to allow Japan to consolidate itself with these resources to engage in a total war against the United States, and force the United States to accept Japan's acquisitions. On 7 December 1941 Japan declared war on the United States and the British Empire. The Empire of Japan, a constitutional monarchy ruled by Hirohito, was the principal Axis power in Asia and the Pacific. Under the emperor were","title":"Axis powers"},{"id":"703953","text":"bombs penetrated her forward magazine. Of the 402 American aircraft in Hawaii, 188 were destroyed and 159 damaged, 155 of them on the ground. Almost none were actually ready to take off to defend the base. Eight Army Air Forces pilots managed to get airborne during the attack and six were credited with downing at least one Japanese aircraft during the attack: 1st Lt. Lewis M. Sanders, 2nd Lt. Philip M. Rasmussen, 2nd Lt. Kenneth M. Taylor, 2nd Lt. George S. Welch, 2nd Lt. Harry W. Brown, and 2nd Lt. Gordon H. Sterling Jr. Sterling was shot down by Lt.","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"703962","text":"the Allies in the Pacific Theater. Further losses compounded the alarming setback. Japan attacked the Philippines hours later (because of the time difference, it was December 8 in the Philippines). Only three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the battleships \"Prince of Wales\" and \"Repulse\" were sunk off the coast of Malaya, causing British Prime Minister Winston Churchill later to recollect \"In all the war I never received a more direct shock. As I turned and twisted in bed the full horror of the news sank in upon me. There were no British or American capital ships in the","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"703927","text":"these preparations, Emperor Hirohito did not approve the attack plan until November 5, after the third of four Imperial Conferences called to consider the matter. Final authorization was not given by the emperor until December 1, after a majority of Japanese leaders advised him the \"Hull Note\" would \"destroy the fruits of the China incident, endanger Manchukuo and undermine Japanese control of Korea.\" By late 1941, many observers believed that hostilities between the U.S. and Japan were imminent. A Gallup poll just before the attack on Pearl Harbor found that 52% of Americans expected war with Japan, 27% did not,","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"1441426","text":"Great Britain, and the Netherlands imposed, on July 22, 1941, an embargo on gasoline, while shipments of scrap metal, steel, and other materials had virtually ceased. Meanwhile, American economic support to China began to increase. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and against several other countries on December 7–8, 1941, the United States, United Kingdom, and other Allies declared war. The Second Sino-Japanese War became part of the global conflict of World War II. Japanese forces initially experienced great success against Allied forces in the Pacific and Southeast Asia, capturing Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies,","title":"Military history of Japan"},{"id":"10992408","text":"press reports during summer and fall, including Hawaiian newspapers, contained extensive reports on the growing tension in the Pacific. Late in November, all Pacific commands, including both the Navy and Army in Hawaii, were separately and explicitly warned war with Japan was expected in the very near future, and it was preferred Japan make the first hostile act. It was felt war would most probably start with attacks in the Far East: the Philippines, Indochina, Thailand, or the Russian Far East; Pearl Harbor was never mentioned as a potential target. The warnings were not specific to any area, noting only","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"1989380","text":"the Hull note, which, as one of its conditions, demanded the complete withdrawal of all Japanese troops from French Indochina and China. Japanese Prime Minister Tojo Hideki said to his cabinet that \"this is an ultimatum.\" The strike force that attacked Pearl Harbor had set sail the day before, on the morning of November 26, 1941, Japan time, which was November 25, Washington time. It could have been recalled along the way, but no further diplomatic progress was made. At an Imperial Conference on December 1st, Emperor Hirohito approved attacks against the United States, the British Empire and the Dutch","title":"Hull note"},{"id":"20552473","text":"control of the Ogasawara Islands in several hard-fought battles such as the Battle of Iwo Jima, marking the beginning of the fall of the islands of Japan. After securing airfields in Saipan and Guam in the summer of 1944, the United States Army Air Forces undertook an intense strategic bombing campaign, using incendiary bombs, burning Japanese cities in an effort to pulverize Japan's industry and shatter its morale. The Operation Meetinghouse raid on Tokyo on the night of March 9–10, 1945, led to the deaths of approximately 100,000 civilians. Approximately 350,000–500,000 civilians died in 66 other Japanese cities as a","title":"Japan during World War II"},{"id":"10992377","text":"and Vichy France, the U.S. froze Japanese assets on July 26, 1941, and on August 1 established an embargo on oil and gasoline exports to Japan. The oil embargo was an especially strong response because oil was Japan's most crucial import, and more than 80% of Japan's oil at the time came from the United States. Japanese war planners had long looked south, especially to Brunei for oil and Malaya for rubber and tin. In the autumn of 1940, Japan requested 3.15 million barrels of oil from the Dutch East Indies, but received a counteroffer of only 1.35 million. The","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"17600177","text":"operation conducted primarily to raise morale in the United States following the Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, 16 B-25 Mitchell medium bombers were carried from San Francisco to within range of Japan on the aircraft carrier USS Hornet. These aircraft were launched on 18 April 1942 and individually bombed targets in Tokyo, Yokohama, Yokosuka, Nagoya, and Kobe. The Japanese air defense units were taken by surprise, and all the B-25s escaped without serious damage. The aircraft then continued to China and the Soviet Union, though several crashed in Japanese-held territory after running out of fuel,","title":"Enemy Airmen's Act"},{"id":"703916","text":"six were returned to service and went on to fight in the war. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, and one minelayer. One hundred eighty-eight U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded. Important base installations such as the power station, dry dock, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of the intelligence section), were not attacked. Japanese losses were light: 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost, and 64 servicemen killed. One Japanese sailor,","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"9737694","text":"Air raids on Japan Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people. During the first years of the Pacific War these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943. Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war in August 1945. Allied naval and land-based tactical air units also attacked Japan during 1945. The United States military air campaign waged against Japan","title":"Air raids on Japan"},{"id":"20687290","text":"26. On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese struck the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack, knocking out the main American battleship fleet and killing 2,403 American servicemen and civilians. The great majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy thesis that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese had kept their secrets closely guarded, and while senior American officials were aware that war was imminent, they did not expect an attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt had anticipated that the first attack would","title":"Third and fourth terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt"},{"id":"9013301","text":"the Japanese campaign in China in return for Japan's pledge not to attack Southeast Asia. In large part because the U.S. feared that Japan would attack the Soviet Union after conquering China, Roosevelt declined the offer, and negotiations collapsed on November 26. On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese struck the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack, knocking out the main American battleship fleet and killing 2,403 American servicemen and civilians. The great majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy thesis that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the","title":"Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt"},{"id":"8759987","text":"property, belongings, business, \"and the principles of justice and responsible government require that there should be compensation for such losses. \"Congress over time appropriated $38 million to settle 23,000 claims for damages totaling $131 million. The final claim was adjudicated in 1965.\" The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack sank four U.S. battleships, destroyed 188 U.S. aircraft, and killed 2,403 U.S. citizens within two hours, and led to the United States","title":"Japanese-American Claims Act"},{"id":"138991","text":"Japan. After the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, antiwar sentiment in the United States largely evaporated overnight. On December 11, 1941, Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. A majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy theories that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese had kept their secrets closely guarded. Senior American officials were aware that war was imminent, but they did not expect an attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt had expected that the Japanese would attack either the Dutch East","title":"Franklin D. Roosevelt"},{"id":"7309162","text":"German rule. Japan responded by launching a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii 1941. The U.S. responded by declaring war on Japan. The next day, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. The United States, The British Commonwealth, and the Soviet Union now constituted the Allies, dedicated to destroying the Axis Powers. Other allied nations included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and China. In the Pacific War, British, Indian and Australian troops made a disorganised last stand at Singapore, before surrendering on 15 February 1942. The defeat was the worst in British","title":"History of Western civilization"},{"id":"6880833","text":"Battle of Los Angeles The Battle of Los Angeles, also known as The Great Los Angeles Air Raid, is the name given by contemporary sources to the rumored enemy attack by Japan and subsequent anti-aircraft artillery barrage which took place from late February 24 to early February 25, 1942, over Los Angeles, California. The incident occurred less than three months after the United States entered World War II in response to the Japanese Imperial Navy's attack on Pearl Harbor, and one day after the bombardment of Ellwood on February 23. Initially, the target of the aerial barrage was thought to","title":"Battle of Los Angeles"},{"id":"20552484","text":"for war crimes before the Tokyo tribunal and other Allied tribunals in Asia. However, all members of the imperial family implicated in the war, such as Emperor Shōwa and his brothers, cousins and uncles such as Prince Chichibu, Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu and Prince Asaka Yasuhiko, were exonerated from criminal prosecutions by Douglas MacArthur. The Japanese military before and during World War II committed numerous atrocities against civilian and military personnel. Its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, prior to a declaration of war and without warning killed 2,403 neutral military personnel and civilians and wounded 1,247 others.","title":"Japan during World War II"},{"id":"11061327","text":"feelings against Japanese Americans. In February 1942, Roosevelt signed United States Executive Order 9066, requiring all Japanese Americans to submit themselves for internment. Propaganda made repeated use of the attack, because its effect was enormous and impossible to counter. \"Remember Pearl Harbor!\" became the watchwords of the war. The American government understated the damage inflicted, in hopes of preventing the Japanese from learning it, but the Japanese had, through surveillance, a good estimate. On December 8, 1941, Japan declared war on the United States and the British Empire. The Japanese document discussed world peace and the disruptive actions of the","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"12962334","text":"in 1887. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, was the immediate cause of the United States' entry into World War II. Pearl Harbor was originally an extensive shallow embayment called \"Wai Momi\" (meaning, “Waters of Pearl”) or \"Puuloa\" (meaning, “long hill”) by the Hawaiians. Puuloa was regarded as the home of the shark goddess, Kaahupahau, and her brother (or son), Kahiuka, in Hawaiian legends. According to tradition, Keaunui, the head of the powerful Ewa chiefs, is credited with cutting a navigable channel near the present Puuloa saltworks, by which he made the","title":"Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"299338","text":"in September 1914. A company of Australians and a British warship besieged the Germans and their colonial subjects, ending with a German surrender. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941. The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. The Japanese subsequently invaded New Guinea, Solomon Islands and other Pacific islands. The Japanese were turned back at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the","title":"Oceania"},{"id":"11061348","text":"America was attacked in strength on its territory by another country – with only the September 11 attacks almost 60 years later being of a similarly catastrophic scale. It was the first decisive defeat for the United States in World War II. It has become synonymous with \"surprise attack\" ever since in American parlance. The U.S. mistakes of intelligence collection, sharing, and analysis leading to the Japanese success at Pearl Harbor did not, in the end, lead to lessons learned. Some Japanese today feel they were compelled to fight because of threats to their national interests and an embargo imposed","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"15138888","text":"mainly of dive bombers, horizontal bombers and fighters. The Japanese struck American ships and military installations at 07:51. The first wave attacked airfields of Ford Island. At 08:30, a second wave of 170 Japanese aircraft, mostly torpedo bombers, attacked the fleet anchored in Pearl Harbor. The battleship was hit with an armor-piercing bomb which penetrated the forward ammunition compartment, blowing the ship apart and sinking it within seconds, killing 1,177 crew members. The overall death toll was 2,467 people: 2,403 American citizens—2,335 members of the U.S. military and 68 civilians—and 64 members of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Five U.S. battleships","title":"Naval Station Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"11061372","text":"long term, the attack on Pearl Harbor was a grand strategic blunder for Japan. Indeed, Admiral Yamamoto, who conceived it, predicted even success here could not win a war with the United States, because American productive capacity was too large. It spurred the United States into a determination to fight to complete victory. The war resulted in the destruction of the Japanese armed forces, the occupation of the home islands (a state never before achieved in Japan's history), and the occupation of Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands by the United States until 1972, while the Soviet Russian re-annexation of the","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"10992412","text":"message from the Hawaiian Japanese consulate (sent on 6 December), in a low level consular cipher, included mention of an attack at Pearl; it was not decrypted until 8 December. While the Japanese \"Diplomatic\" codes (Purple code) could be read, the current version (JN-25C) of the Japanese \"Naval\" code (JN-25) which had replaced JN-25B on 4 December 1941 could not be read until May 1942. In 1924, General William L. Mitchell produced a 324-page report warning that future wars (including with Japan) would include a new role for aircraft against existing ships and facilities. He even discussed the possibility of","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"7885005","text":"the Second World War. In December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the east coast of Malaya, causing the Pacific War to begin in earnest. Both attacks occurred at the same time, but due to the international dateline, the Honolulu attack is dated December 7 while the Kota Bharu attack is dated December 8. One of Japan's objectives was to capture Southeast Asia and secure the rich supply of natural resources to feed its military and industry needs. Singapore, the main Allied base in the region, was an obvious military target because of its flourishing trade and wealth. The British","title":"History of Singapore"},{"id":"703942","text":"negotiations ... and they clearly prevailed.\" In any event, even if the Japanese had decoded and delivered the 14-Part Message before the beginning of the attack, it would not have constituted either a formal break of diplomatic relations or a declaration of war. The final two paragraphs of the message read: The first attack wave of 183 planes was launched north of Oahu, led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida. Six planes failed to launch due to technical difficulties. It included: As the first wave approached Oahu, it was detected by the U.S. Army SCR-270 radar at Opana Point near the island's","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"1395753","text":"2015, has interviews with the few surviving members of the raid. Doolittle Raid The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, on Saturday, April 18, 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on the island of Honshu during World War II, the first air operation to strike the Japanese Home Islands. It demonstrated that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to American air attack, served as retaliation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and provided an important boost to American morale. The raid was planned and led by Lieutenant","title":"Doolittle Raid"},{"id":"484511","text":"U.S. forces at the Battle of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, triggering America's entry into World War II. Japan rapidly expanded at sea and land, capturing Singapore and the Philippines in early 1942, and threatening India and Australia. Although it was to be a long and bloody war, Japan began to lose the initiative in 1942. At the Battle of the Coral Sea, a Japanese offensive was turned back, for the first time, at sea. The June Battle of Midway cost Japan four of its six large aircraft carriers and destroyed its capability for future major offensives. In the Guadalcanal","title":"History of East Asia"},{"id":"703939","text":"at an end. However, the attack began before the notice could be delivered. Tokyo transmitted the 5000-word notification (commonly called the \"14-Part Message\") in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington. Transcribing the message took too long for the Japanese ambassador to deliver it on schedule; in the event, it was not presented until more than an hour after the attack began. (In fact, U.S. code breakers had already deciphered and translated most of the message hours before he was scheduled to deliver it.) The final part is sometimes described as a declaration of war. While it was viewed","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"19272708","text":"On 7 December 1941, the United States of America entered World War II following the bombing of Pearl Harbour in Hawaii by Japanese carrier-borne aircraft. The United Kingdom and its Commonwealth had been at war with Germany since September 1939, but now the war was truly global. Japan attacked the Philippines and Thailand, and advanced through Malaya and the Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia). Singapore fell on 15 February 1942 and two brigades of the 8th Division of the 2nd Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF) were captured, while the third brigade was destroyed piecemeal on the islands of Timor, Ambon","title":"Mount St John Anti-Aircraft Battery"},{"id":"19655214","text":"Attack on Clark Field The attack on Clark Field was part of a series of morning airstrikes on United States Pacific island military bases opening Japanese participation in World War II. The attack was intended to minimize interference from the Far East Air Force (FEAF) during the subsequent invasion of the Philippines by the Empire of Japan. Capture of the Philippines was essential to control shipping routes between Japan and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Hostilities were initiated by the attack on Pearl Harbor at 07:48 Hawaiian Time (UTC-10) on 7 December 1941. As dawn moved westward across the","title":"Attack on Clark Field"},{"id":"3563991","text":"7, 1941, [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor]], bringing it too into the war on the Allied side. China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world. China was in turmoil at the time, and attacked Japanese armies through guerilla-type warfare. By the beginning of 1942, the major combatants were aligned as follows: the British Commonwealth, the United States, and the Soviet Union were fighting Germany and Italy; and the British Commonwealth, China, and the United States were fighting Japan. The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union","title":"Modern history"},{"id":"10992384","text":"attack. Grew was allowed to transmit it to the United States, where it was received late Monday afternoon (Washington time). In July 1941, IJN headquarters informed Emperor Hirohito its reserve bunker oil would be exhausted within two years if a new source was not found. In August 1941, Japanese prime minister Fumimaro Konoe proposed a summit with President Roosevelt to discuss differences. Roosevelt replied Japan must leave China before a summit meeting could be held. On , at the second Imperial Conference concerning attacks on the Western colonies in Asia and Hawaii, Japanese leaders met to consider the attack plans","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"10992396","text":"to Japan with information about the shallow-running torpedoes Cunningham's engineers had devised. Japanese strategists were undoubtedly influenced by Admiral Togo's surprise attack on the Russian Pacific Fleet at Port Arthur in 1904. Yamamoto's emphasis on destroying the American battleships was in keeping with the Mahanian doctrine shared by all major navies during this period, including the U.S. Navy and Royal Navy. In a letter dated January 7, 1941, Yamamoto finally delivered a rough outline of his plan to Koshiro Oikawa, then Navy Minister, from whom he also requested to be made Commander in Chief of the air fleet to attack","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"3279575","text":"the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The United States began effective strategic bombing of Japan when B-29s began operating from the Marianas (Guam and Tienen) in late 1944. Prior to that a single raid was launched from carriers in 1942, and ineffective long-range raids were launched from China from June to December 1944. In the last seven months of the campaign, a change to firebombing resulted in great destruction of 67 Japanese cities, as many as 500,000 Japanese deaths and some 5 million more made homeless. Emperor Hirohito's viewing of the destroyed areas of Tokyo in March 1945 is said to","title":"Strategic bombing during World War II"},{"id":"6309428","text":"between the Japan's commitment to conquer China, and America's commitment to defend China. Japan's civilian government fell and the Army under General Tojo took full control, bent on war. Japan attacked the American navy base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. In response, the United States declared war on Japan. Japan's Axis allies, including Nazi Germany, declared war on the United States days after the attack, bringing the United States into World War II. The conflict was a bitter one, marked by atrocities such as the executions and torture of American prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese","title":"Japan–United States relations"},{"id":"1395687","text":"Doolittle Raid The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, on Saturday, April 18, 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on the island of Honshu during World War II, the first air operation to strike the Japanese Home Islands. It demonstrated that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to American air attack, served as retaliation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and provided an important boost to American morale. The raid was planned and led by Lieutenant Colonel James \"Jimmy\" Doolittle of the United States Army Air Forces.","title":"Doolittle Raid"},{"id":"6163942","text":"Japan and the United States stretched back to 1931 with Japan's invasion of Manchuria in the Mukden Incident. Japan's continued aggression, instigating the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and invading French Indochina in 1940—to which the United States and European powers responded with embargoes on iron and oil imports—further heightened the tension. The Japanese thereafter decided to attack the Western powers in Asia, beginning with a surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. When the Japanese struck Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, \"Mahan\" was at sea with the aircraft carrier , three cruisers and four destroyers","title":"USS Mahan (DD-364)"},{"id":"9737846","text":"not legislating for redress measures\". Air raids on Japan Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people. During the first years of the Pacific War these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943. Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war in August 1945. Allied naval and land-based tactical air units also attacked Japan during 1945. The United States military","title":"Air raids on Japan"},{"id":"89664","text":"Calendar date A calendar date is a reference to a particular day represented within a calendar system. The calendar date allows the specific day to be identified. The number of days between two dates may be calculated. For example, \"24 2019\" is ten days after \"14 2019\" in the Gregorian calendar. The date of a particular event depends on the observed time zone. For example, the air attack on Pearl Harbor that began at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian time on December 7, 1941, took place at 3:18 a.m. December 8 in Japan (Japan Standard Time). A particular day may be represented","title":"Calendar date"},{"id":"769855","text":"China and thereafter the Mariana Islands. B-29 raids from those islands began on 17 November 1944, and lasted until 15 August 1945, the day of Japanese surrender. Over 50% of Tokyo's industry was spread out among residential and commercial neighborhoods; firebombing cut the whole city's output in half. The first raid on Tokyo was the Doolittle Raid of 18 April 1942, when sixteen B-25 Mitchells were launched from to attack targets including Yokohama and Tokyo and then fly on to airfields in China. The raid was retaliation against the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The raid did little damage to","title":"Bombing of Tokyo"},{"id":"703963","text":"Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California. Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and naked\". Throughout the war, Pearl Harbor was frequently used in American propaganda. One further consequence of the attack on Pearl Harbor and its aftermath (notably the Niihau incident) was that Japanese American residents and citizens were relocated to nearby Japanese-American internment camps. Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leaders were rounded up and brought to high-security camps such as Sand Island at the mouth","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"1549627","text":"the fall of the islands of Japan. After securing airfields in Saipan and Guam in the summer of 1944, the United States Army Air Forces undertook an intense strategic bombing campaign, using incendiary bombs, burning Japanese cities in an effort to pulverize Japan's industry and shatter its morale. The Operation Meetinghouse raid on Tokyo on the night of March 9–10, 1945, led to the deaths of approximately 100,000 civilians. Approximately 350,000–500,000 civilians died in 66 other Japanese cities as a result of the incendiary bombing campaign on Japan. Concurrent to these attacks, Japan's vital coastal shipping operations were severely hampered","title":"Empire of Japan"},{"id":"703937","text":"captured on December 8. Ensign Kazuo Sakamaki swam ashore and was captured by Hawaii National Guard Corporal David Akui, becoming the first Japanese prisoner of war. A fourth had been damaged by a depth charge attack and was abandoned by its crew before it could fire its torpedoes. Japanese forces received a radio message from a midget submarine at 00:41 on December 8 claiming damage to one or more large warships inside Pearl Harbor. In 1992, 2000, and 2001, Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory's submersibles found the wreck of the fifth midget submarine lying in three parts outside Pearl Harbor. The","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"10992401","text":"16-inch (356- and 406-mm) naval shells. These were able to penetrate the lightly armored decks of the old battleships. At several stages during 1941, Japan's military leaders discussed the possibility of launching an invasion to seize the Hawaiian Islands; this would provide Japan with a strategic base to shield its new empire, deny the United States any bases beyond the West coast and further isolate Australia and New Zealand. Genda, who saw Hawaii as vital for American operations against Japan after war began, believed Japan must follow any attack on Pearl Harbor with an invasion of Hawaii or risk losing","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"703970","text":"service, their relatively low speed and high fuel consumption limited their deployment, and they served mainly in shore bombardment roles (their only major action being the Battle of Surigao Strait in October 1944). A major flaw of Japanese strategic thinking was a belief that the ultimate Pacific battle would be fought by battleships, in keeping with the doctrine of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan. As a result, Yamamoto (and his successors) hoarded battleships for a \"decisive battle\" that never happened. The Japanese confidence in their ability to achieve a short, victorious war meant that they neglected Pearl Harbor's navy repair yards,","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"14707056","text":"Bombardment of Ellwood The Bombardment of Ellwood during World War II was a naval attack by a Japanese submarine against United States coastal targets near Santa Barbara, California. Though damage was minimal, the event was key in triggering the West Coast invasion scare and influenced the decision to intern Japanese-Americans. The event also marked the first shelling of the North American mainland during the conflict. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, seven Japanese submarines patrolled the American West Coast. They sank two merchant ships and damaged six more, skirmishing twice with U.S. Navy air or sea forces. By the","title":"Bombardment of Ellwood"},{"id":"11061332","text":"States, Britain, and the Netherlands. Japan's leaders also saw themselves as justified in their conduct, believing that they were building the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. They also explained Japan had done everything possible to alleviate tension between the two nations. The decision to attack, at least for public presentation, was reluctant and forced on Japan. Of the Pearl Harbor attack itself, Kurusu said it came in direct response to a virtual ultimatum from the U.S. government, the Hull note, and so the surprise attack was not treacherous. Since the Japanese-American relationship already had hit its lowest point, there was","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"11061344","text":"Congressional Committee was also appointed, on September 14, 1945, to investigate the causes of the attack and subsequent disaster, and was convened on November 15, 1945. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor coupled with their alliance with the Nazis and the ensuing war in the Pacific fueled anti-Japanese sentiment, racism, xenophobia, and anti-Axis sentiment in the Allied nations like never before. Japanese, Japanese-Americans and Asians having a similar physical appearance were regarded with deep seated suspicion, distrust and hostility. The attack was viewed as having been conducted in an extremely underhanded way and also as a very \"treacherous\" or \"sneaky","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"id":"9737700","text":"late 1941 using P-40 Warhawk fighter aircraft. A second American Volunteer Group was also formed in late 1941 to attack Japan from bases in China using Hudson and A-20 Havoc medium bombers. The attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 led to open hostilities between the US and Japan and ended the need for covert operations, however, and this unit did not become active. The small number of Second Air Volunteer Group personnel who were dispatched from the United States in November 1941 were diverted to Australia upon the outbreak of war. Japanese successes during the opening months of","title":"Air raids on Japan"},{"id":"17173442","text":"into attacking America and executed after a rigged trial, a picture of Tojo that is widely accepted in Japan while giving offense abroad. Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo (Kyūjitai: ; Shinjitai: ; \"\"; December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 27th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from October 17, 1941, to July 22, 1944. He is best known for his actions as Prime Minister during the war, such as being responsible for ordering the attack on Pearl","title":"Hideki Tojo"},{"id":"13923707","text":"1941 in the United States Events from the year 1941 in the United States. At the end of this year, the United States officially enters World War II by declaring war on the Empire of Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor. Baseball fans across the nation witnessed not one, but two of the most amazing individual efforts and achievements the game has ever known. The two measures recorded during the 1941 campaign both stand to this day and are regarded by practically all, even the most casual of fans, to be unattainable in the game today. 1941 saw the","title":"1941 in the United States"},{"id":"4712591","text":"attacking German submarines. In November, in response to the October 31, 1941 sinking of , the Neutrality Act was partly repealed to protect U.S. military aid to Britain. 1941–1945: World War II: On December 8, 1941, the United States declared war against Japan in response to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. 1945: China: In October 50,000 U.S. Marines were sent to North China to assist Chinese Nationalist authorities in disarming and repatriating the Japanese in China and in controlling ports, railroads, and airfields. This was in addition to","title":"Timeline of United States military operations"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"703915\",\n \"text\": \"military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The attack commenced at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (18:18 GMT). The base was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft (including fighters, level and dive bombers, and torpedo bombers) in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers. All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four sunk. All but were later raised, and\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703914\",\n \"text\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War II. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning. Japan intended the attack as a preventive action to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703974\",\n \"text\": \"and may even have let it happen or encouraged it in order to force the U.S. into war via the so-called \\\"back door\\\". However, this conspiracy theory is rejected by mainstream historians. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Accounts Media Historical documents Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20552458\",\n \"text\": \"Japan during World War II The Empire of Japan entered World War II by launching a surprise offensive which opened with the attack on Pearl Harbor at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (18:18 GMT) on December 7, 1941. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The strategic goals of the offensive were to cripple the U.S. Pacific fleet, capture oil fields in the Dutch East Indies, and expand the outer reaches of the Japanese Empire to create a\",\n \"title\": \"Japan during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703918\",\n \"text\": \"Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, \\\"a date which will live in infamy\\\". Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of, and planned for, since the 1920s. The relationship between the two countries was cordial enough that they remained trading partners.\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9737710\",\n \"text\": \"raids on western Japan when Chinese forces launched an offensive during 1939. USAAF aircraft bombed Japan for the first time in mid-April 1942. In an operation conducted primarily to raise morale in the United States and to avenge the attack on Pearl Harbor, 16 B-25 Mitchell medium bombers were carried from San Francisco to within range of Japan on the aircraft carrier . These aircraft were launched on 18 April, and individually bombed targets in Tokyo, Yokohama, Yokosuka, Nagoya and Kobe. The Japanese air defense units were taken by surprise, and all the B-25s escaped without serious damage. The aircraft\",\n \"title\": \"Air raids on Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992368\",\n \"text\": \"a second Conference in the fall. Simultaneously over the year, pilots were trained, and ships prepared for its execution. Authority for the attack was granted at the second Imperial Conference if a diplomatic result satisfactory to Japan was not reached. After the Hull note and final approval by Emperor Hirohito the order to attack was issued at the beginning of December. Tensions between Japan and the prominent Western countries (the United States, France, Britain and the Netherlands) increased significantly during the increasingly militaristic early rule of Emperor Hirohito. Japanese nationalists and military leaders increasingly influenced government policy, promoting a Greater\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703919\",\n \"text\": \"Tensions did not seriously grow until Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Over the next decade, Japan expanded into China, leading to the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. Japan spent considerable effort trying to isolate China, and endeavored to secure enough independent resources to attain victory on the mainland. The \\\"Southern Operation\\\" was designed to assist these efforts. Starting in December 1937, events such as the Japanese attack on USS \\\"Panay\\\", the Allison incident, and the Nanking Massacre swung Western public opinion sharply against Japan. Fearing Japanese expansion, the United States, United Kingdom, and France assisted China with its loans\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14214676\",\n \"text\": \"Pearl Harbor in December 1941 led to war with the United States and its allies. Japan's forces soon became overextended, but the military held out in spite of Allied air attacks that inflicted severe damage on population centers. Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's unconditional surrender on 15 August 1945, following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. The Allies occupied Japan until 1952, during which a new constitution was enacted in 1947 that transformed Japan into a constitutional monarchy. After 1955, Japan enjoyed very high economic growth, and became a world economic powerhouse. Since the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11061322\",\n \"text\": \"against Germany and Italy still remained quite high with 80% disapproval. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. After two hours of bombing, 18 U.S. ships were sunk or damaged, 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed, and 2,403 men were killed. The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of the 77th United States Congress. Roosevelt called December 7 \\\"a date which will live in infamy\\\". Congress declared war on the Empire of Japan amid outrage at the attack, the deaths of thousands of Americans,\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14214755\",\n \"text\": \"country, further increasing tension in the Pacific. In late 1941, Japan's government, led by Prime Minister and General Hideki Tojo, decided to break the US-led embargo through force of arms. On December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This brought the US into World War II on the side of the Allies. Japan then successfully invaded the Asian colonies of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, including the Philippines, Malaya, Hong Kong, Singapore, Burma, and the Dutch East Indies. In the early stages of the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703925\",\n \"text\": \"United Kingdom, and Netherlands ceased aid to China and lifted their sanctions against Japan. The American counter-proposal of November 26 (November 27 in Japan), the Hull note, required Japan completely evacuate China without conditions and conclude non-aggression pacts with Pacific powers. On November 26 in Japan, the day before the note's delivery, the Japanese task force left port for Pearl Harbor. Preliminary planning for an attack on Pearl Harbor to protect the move into the \\\"Southern Resource Area\\\" (the Japanese term for the Dutch East Indies and Southeast Asia generally) had begun very early in 1941 under the auspices of\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703917\",\n \"text\": \"Kazuo Sakamaki, was captured. The surprise attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters. The following day, December 8, the United States declared war on Japan, and several days later, on December 11, Germany and Italy each declared war on the U.S. The U.S. responded with a declaration of war against Germany and Italy. Domestic support for non-interventionism, which had been fading since the Fall of France in 1940, disappeared. There were numerous historical precedents for unannounced military action by\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703932\",\n \"text\": \"26, 1941, a Japanese task force (the Striking Force) of six aircraft carriers—, , , , , and —departed Hittokapu Bay on Kasatka (now Iterup) Island in the Kurile Islands, \\\"en route\\\" to a position northwest of Hawaii, intending to launch its 408 aircraft to attack Pearl Harbor: 360 for the two attack waves and 48 on defensive combat air patrol (CAP), including nine fighters from the first wave. The first wave was to be the primary attack, while the second wave was to attack carriers as its first objective and cruisers as its second, with battleships as the third\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14740059\",\n \"text\": \"down the process – it was not delivered to the U.S. Secretary of State until after the Pearl Harbor attack. Following the U.S. declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, bringing the United States fully into World War II. The attack on Pearl Harbor took place before a declaration of war by Japan had been delivered to the United States. It was originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the US that it was withdrawing from further peace negotiations, but the attack began before the notice could\",\n \"title\": \"United States declaration of war on Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703922\",\n \"text\": \"need a force ten times that size. By 1941, U.S. planners expected to abandon the Philippines at the outbreak of war. Late that year, Admiral Thomas C. Hart, commander of the Asiatic Fleet, was given orders to that effect. The U.S. finally ceased oil exports to Japan in July 1941, following the seizure of French Indochina after the Fall of France, in part because of new American restrictions on domestic oil consumption. Because of this decision, Japan proceeded with plans to take the oil-rich Dutch East Indies. On August 17, Roosevelt warned Japan that America was prepared to take opposing\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2208603\",\n \"text\": \"resisted for several hours, before the Thai government signed an armistice with Japan. In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), Japan launched a major surprise carrier-based air strike on Pearl Harbor without explicit warning, which crippled the US Pacific Fleet, leaving eight American battleships out of action, 188 American aircraft destroyed, and 2,403 Americans dead. At the time of the attack, the US was not officially at war anywhere in the world as the Japanese embassy failed to decipher and deliver the Japanese ultimatum to the American government before noon December 7 (Washington time), which means that the\",\n \"title\": \"Pacific War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17173365\",\n \"text\": \"Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo (Kyūjitai: ; Shinjitai: ; \\\"\\\"; December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 27th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from October 17, 1941, to July 22, 1944. He is best known for his actions as Prime Minister during the war, such as being responsible for ordering the attack on Pearl Harbor and many war actions, which initiated war between Japan and the United States, although planning for it had begun in April 1941,\",\n \"title\": \"Hideki Tojo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8425814\",\n \"text\": \"1941 and December 1941, would turn out to be all they would take to battle against the menace that was to befall the Philippine Islands. As late as December 1, 1941, only about two-thirds of the 41st Division had been called into active service. Only a few days later, on December 7, 1941 (December 8, 1941 in Asian time zones), Japan launched an attack on Pearl Harbor. Within a matter of hours of each other, Japanese forces also commenced attacks on Guam, Wake Island, the British crown colony of Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaya, and the Philippines. General Douglas MacArthur's initial\",\n \"title\": \"Vicente Lim\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12962342\",\n \"text\": \"decision. Following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the United States Navy established a base on the island in 1899. On December 7, 1941, the base was attacked by the Imperial Japanese Navy airplanes and midget submarines, causing the American entry into World War II. One of the main reasons that Pearl Harbor happened was because the United States had major communication breakdowns among several branches of the U.S. armed services and departments of the U.S. government. This led to the surprise Japanese attack at the Hawaiian air base. There was no meaningful plan for the air defense of Hawaii,\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13043854\",\n \"text\": \"Territory, without warning and without a declaration of war, killing 2,403 Americans, and injuring 1,178 others. The attack sank four U.S. Navy battleships and damaged four others. It also damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, and one minelayer. Aircraft losses were 188 destroyed and 159 damaged. Canada declared war on Japan within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the first Western nation to do so. On December 8, the United States declared war on Japan and entered World War II on the side of the Allies. In a speech to Congress, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the bombing of Pearl\",\n \"title\": \"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703940\",\n \"text\": \"by a number of senior U.S government and military officials as a very strong indicator negotiations were likely to be terminated and that war might break out at any moment, it neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations. A declaration of war was printed on the front page of Japan's newspapers in the evening edition of December 8, but not delivered to the U.S. government until the day after the attack. For decades, conventional wisdom held that Japan attacked without first formally breaking diplomatic relations only because of accidents and bumbling that delayed the delivery of a document hinting at\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992365\",\n \"text\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor A series of events led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation's military forces planned for in the 1920s, though real tension did not begin until the 1931 invasion of Manchuria by Japan. Over the next decade, Japan expanded slowly into China, leading to the Second Sino-Japanese war in 1937. In 1940 Japan invaded French Indochina in an effort to embargo all imports into China, including war supplies purchased from the U.S. This move prompted the United States to\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20552462\",\n \"text\": \"attaché in Washington, D.C... Understanding the inherent dangers of war with the United States, Yamamoto warned his fellow countrymen: \\\"We can run wild for six months or maybe a year, but after that, I have utterly no confidence.\\\" The Imperial Japanese Navy made its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii Territory, on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. The Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Forces and Marine air forces sustained significant losses. The primary objective of the attack was to incapacitate the United States long enough for Japan to establish its long-planned Southeast\",\n \"title\": \"Japan during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703926\",\n \"text\": \"Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, then commanding Japan's Combined Fleet. He won assent to formal planning and training for an attack from the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff only after much contention with Naval Headquarters, including a threat to resign his command. Full-scale planning was underway by early spring 1941, primarily by Rear Admiral Ryūnosuke Kusaka, with assistance from Captain Minoru Genda and Yamamoto's Deputy Chief of Staff, Captain Kameto Kuroshima. The planners studied the 1940 British air attack on the Italian fleet at Taranto intensively. Over the next several months, pilots were trained, equipment was adapted, and intelligence was collected. Despite\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11233188\",\n \"text\": \"Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire The declaration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire was published on December 8, 1941 (Japan time; December 7 in the United States), after Japanese forces had executed an attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor and attacks on British forces in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The declaration of war was printed on the front page of all Japanese newspapers' evening editions on December 8. The document was subsequently printed again on the eighth day of\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"207720\",\n \"text\": \"following international condemnation of this occupation, it quit the League of Nations in 1933. In 1936, Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany and the 1940 Tripartite Pact made it one of the Axis Powers. The Empire of Japan invaded other parts of China in 1937, precipitating the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). The Imperial Japanese Army swiftly captured the capital Nanjing and conducted the Nanjing Massacre. In 1940, the Empire invaded French Indochina, after which the United States placed an oil embargo on Japan. On December 7–8, 1941, Japanese forces carried out surprise attacks on Pearl Harbor, British forces in\",\n \"title\": \"Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4457447\",\n \"text\": \"first American-caused casualties occurred on 7 December 1941 when the attacked and sank a Japanese midget submarine near the entrance to Pearl Harbor prior to the commencement of the Japanese air attack upon Hawaii later that day. As a result of the attack on Hawaii, America declared war on Japan on 8 December 1941. Germany and Italy declared war on the United States three days later. The first planned offensive action by the United States in World War II came in January 1942 when the aircraft carrier attacked Japanese bases in the Marshall Islands. First engagement of neutral United States\",\n \"title\": \"First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992370\",\n \"text\": \"Second London Naval Disarmament Conference because the United States and Great Britain refused to grant the Japanese Navy parity with theirs. A second war between Japan and China began with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in July 1937. Japan's 1937 attack on China was condemned by the U.S. and several members of the League of Nations including Britain, France, Australia and the Netherlands. Japanese atrocities during the conflict, such as the notorious Nanking Massacre that December, served to further complicate relations with the rest of the world. The U.S., Britain, France and the Netherlands each possessed colonies in East and\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11233190\",\n \"text\": \"as a pretext for imperialism. In response, the U.S. imposed an oil embargo on Japan in August 1941 to stop aiding their aggression in Asia and to contain Japanese actions such as their war crimes in Nanking. Japan saw this as a hostile and provocative act, and retaliated with the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the declarations of war on the US and the British Empire. Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire The declaration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire was published on December 8,\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13738959\",\n \"text\": \"to rule the vast countryside. On 27 September 1940, Japan became cosignatories of the Tripartite Pact, joining a military alliance with Germany and Italy. On December 7 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on the American base at Pearl Harbor as a mean of preventing the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned expansion in the area. The next day, following Roosevelt's Infamy Speech, the United States declared war on Japan, marking the official entry of both nations in World War 2. At the same time, Japan also launched attacks on Thailand, the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, Hong\",\n \"title\": \"20th-century events\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3998953\",\n \"text\": \"7, 1941 (Honolulu time), Japan invaded the British colonies of Malaya and bombed Singapore and began land actions in Hong Kong, without a declaration of war or an ultimatum. Both the U.S. and Britain were neutral when Japan attacked their territories without explicit warning of a state of war. The U.S. officially classified all 3,649 military and civilian casualties and destruction of military property at Pearl Harbor as non-combatants as there was no state of war between the U.S. and Japan when the attack occurred. Joseph B. Keenan, the chief prosecutor in the Tokyo Trials, says that the attack on\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese war crimes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703920\",\n \"text\": \"for war supply contracts. In 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina, attempting to stymie the flow of supplies reaching China. The United States halted shipments of airplanes, parts, machine tools, and aviation gasoline to Japan, which the latter perceived as an unfriendly act. The United States did not stop oil exports, however, partly because of the prevailing sentiment in Washington: given Japanese dependence on American oil, such an action was likely to be considered an extreme provocation. In mid-1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved the Pacific Fleet from San Diego to Hawaii. He also ordered a military buildup in the Philippines,\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"138990\",\n \"text\": \"the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack, knocking out the main American battleship fleet and killing 2,403 American servicemen and civilians. At the same time, separate Japanese task forces attacked Thailand, British Hong Kong, the Philippines, and other targets. Roosevelt called for war in his famous \\\"Infamy Speech\\\" to Congress, in which he said: \\\"Yesterday, December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.\\\" In a nearly unanimous vote, Congress declared war on\",\n \"title\": \"Franklin D. Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703961\",\n \"text\": \"Empire of Japan. Congress obliged his request less than an hour later. On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, even though the Tripartite Pact did not require it. Congress issued a declaration of war against Germany and Italy later that same day. The UK actually declared war on Japan nine hours before the U.S. did, partially due to Japanese attacks on Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong, and partially due to Winston Churchill's promise to declare war \\\"within the hour\\\" of a Japanese attack on the United States. The attack was an initial shock to all\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14740058\",\n \"text\": \"United States declaration of war on Japan On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war () on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. It was formulated an hour after the \\\"Infamy Speech\\\" of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Japan had sent a message to the United States to its embassy in Washington earlier, but because of problems at the embassy in decoding the very long message – the high-security level assigned to the declaration meant that only personnel with very high clearances could decode it, which slowed\",\n \"title\": \"United States declaration of war on Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703945\",\n \"text\": \"at Pearl Harbor, though MacArthur had almost nine hours warning that the Japanese had already attacked Pearl Harbor. The air portion of the attack began at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (3:18 a.m. December 8 Japanese Standard Time, as kept by ships of the \\\"Kido Butai\\\"), with the attack on Kaneohe. A total of 353 Japanese planes in two waves reached Oahu. Slow, vulnerable torpedo bombers led the first wave, exploiting the first moments of surprise to attack the most important ships present (the battleships), while dive bombers attacked U.S. air bases across Oahu, starting with Hickam Field, the largest, and\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992369\",\n \"text\": \"East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere as part of Japan's alleged \\\"divine right\\\" to unify Asia under Hirohito's rule. During the 1930s, Japan's increasingly expansionist policies brought it into renewed conflict with its neighbors, Russia and China (Japan had fought the First Sino-Japanese War with China in 1894–95 and the Russo-Japanese War with Russia in 1904–05; Japan's imperialist ambitions had a hand in precipitating both conflicts). In March 1933, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in response to international condemnation of its conquest of Manchuria and subsequent establishment of the Manchukuo puppet government. On January 15, 1936, Japan withdrew from the\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11061356\",\n \"text\": \"war are about to fade\\\". The attack was notable for its considerable destruction, as putting most of the U.S. battleships out of commission was regarded—in both navies and by most military observers worldwide—as a tremendous success for Japan. Influenced by the earlier Battle of Taranto, which pioneered the all-aircraft naval attack but resulted in far less damage and casualties, the Japanese struck against Pearl Harbor on a much larger scale than did the British at Taranto. The attack was a great shock to all the Allies in the Pacific Theater, and it was initially believed Pearl Harbor changed the balance\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1549618\",\n \"text\": \"own people and nation, Prime Minister Konoe formed the Taisei Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association) on October 12, 1940, as a ruling party in Japan. Facing an oil embargo by the United States as well as dwindling domestic reserves, the Japanese government decided to execute a plan developed by Isoroku Yamamoto to attack the United States Pacific Fleet in Hawaii. The Imperial Japanese Navy made its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. American forces sustained significant losses. The primary objective of the attack was to incapacitate the United States long enough for Japan\",\n \"title\": \"Empire of Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15634325\",\n \"text\": \"Department of the Navy informed McMillin of the December 7 attack on Pearl Harbor on December 8. Upon receiving this news and the beginning of United States involvement in World War II, McMillin ordered the evacuation of various civilian populations, the jailing of all Japanese nationals on the island, and churches, banks, and schools closed. A few hours later, the Japanese attacked Guam. At 8:27 p.m. on December 8, the battle began. Japanese planes first began bombing the Marine barracks and then other key targets. The also sank in the initial attack. The was set ablaze and captured by Japanese\",\n \"title\": \"George McMillin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"187439\",\n \"text\": \"Islands also fell to Allied forces during the war. The Pacific front saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between the belligerents Japan and the United States. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941 (8 December in Japan). The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703938\",\n \"text\": \"wreck was in the debris field where much surplus U.S. equipment was dumped after the war, including vehicles and landing craft. Both of its torpedoes were missing. This correlates with reports of two torpedoes fired at the light cruiser at 10:04 at the entrance of Pearl Harbor, and a possible torpedo fired at destroyer at 08:21. The attack took place before any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but this was not Admiral Yamamoto's intention. He originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the United States that peace negotiations were\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15138887\",\n \"text\": \"on the base at Pearl Harbor as part of a preparedness exercise. The attack \\\"succeeded\\\" and the defense was deemed a \\\"failure\\\". Aircraft and midget submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy under the command of Admiral Chuichi Nagumo began an attack on the U.S. naval base. Through earlier code breaking activity, the Americans had determined that an attack was likely to occur. However, while the Americans failed to discover Japan's target location, it was believed that the Philippines was the most likely target. At 06:05 on 7 December, the six Japanese carriers launched a first wave of 183 aircraft composed\",\n \"title\": \"Naval Station Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16758026\",\n \"text\": \"units made up of 260,715 individuals were officially recognized as having fought in the resistance movement. The Attack on Pearl Harbor (called \\\"Hawaii Operation\\\" or \\\"Operation AI\\\" by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941 (December 8 in Japan and the Philippines). The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the Empire of Japan was planning in Southeast Asia against the\",\n \"title\": \"Philippine resistance against Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"540231\",\n \"text\": \"and capture Southeast Asia. Thus Japan initiated the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 as a means to inhibit an American response to the invasion of Southeast Asia, and buy time to allow Japan to consolidate itself with these resources to engage in a total war against the United States, and force the United States to accept Japan's acquisitions. On 7 December 1941 Japan declared war on the United States and the British Empire. The Empire of Japan, a constitutional monarchy ruled by Hirohito, was the principal Axis power in Asia and the Pacific. Under the emperor were\",\n \"title\": \"Axis powers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703953\",\n \"text\": \"bombs penetrated her forward magazine. Of the 402 American aircraft in Hawaii, 188 were destroyed and 159 damaged, 155 of them on the ground. Almost none were actually ready to take off to defend the base. Eight Army Air Forces pilots managed to get airborne during the attack and six were credited with downing at least one Japanese aircraft during the attack: 1st Lt. Lewis M. Sanders, 2nd Lt. Philip M. Rasmussen, 2nd Lt. Kenneth M. Taylor, 2nd Lt. George S. Welch, 2nd Lt. Harry W. Brown, and 2nd Lt. Gordon H. Sterling Jr. Sterling was shot down by Lt.\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703962\",\n \"text\": \"the Allies in the Pacific Theater. Further losses compounded the alarming setback. Japan attacked the Philippines hours later (because of the time difference, it was December 8 in the Philippines). Only three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the battleships \\\"Prince of Wales\\\" and \\\"Repulse\\\" were sunk off the coast of Malaya, causing British Prime Minister Winston Churchill later to recollect \\\"In all the war I never received a more direct shock. As I turned and twisted in bed the full horror of the news sank in upon me. There were no British or American capital ships in the\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703927\",\n \"text\": \"these preparations, Emperor Hirohito did not approve the attack plan until November 5, after the third of four Imperial Conferences called to consider the matter. Final authorization was not given by the emperor until December 1, after a majority of Japanese leaders advised him the \\\"Hull Note\\\" would \\\"destroy the fruits of the China incident, endanger Manchukuo and undermine Japanese control of Korea.\\\" By late 1941, many observers believed that hostilities between the U.S. and Japan were imminent. A Gallup poll just before the attack on Pearl Harbor found that 52% of Americans expected war with Japan, 27% did not,\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1441426\",\n \"text\": \"Great Britain, and the Netherlands imposed, on July 22, 1941, an embargo on gasoline, while shipments of scrap metal, steel, and other materials had virtually ceased. Meanwhile, American economic support to China began to increase. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and against several other countries on December 7–8, 1941, the United States, United Kingdom, and other Allies declared war. The Second Sino-Japanese War became part of the global conflict of World War II. Japanese forces initially experienced great success against Allied forces in the Pacific and Southeast Asia, capturing Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies,\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992408\",\n \"text\": \"press reports during summer and fall, including Hawaiian newspapers, contained extensive reports on the growing tension in the Pacific. Late in November, all Pacific commands, including both the Navy and Army in Hawaii, were separately and explicitly warned war with Japan was expected in the very near future, and it was preferred Japan make the first hostile act. It was felt war would most probably start with attacks in the Far East: the Philippines, Indochina, Thailand, or the Russian Far East; Pearl Harbor was never mentioned as a potential target. The warnings were not specific to any area, noting only\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1989380\",\n \"text\": \"the Hull note, which, as one of its conditions, demanded the complete withdrawal of all Japanese troops from French Indochina and China. Japanese Prime Minister Tojo Hideki said to his cabinet that \\\"this is an ultimatum.\\\" The strike force that attacked Pearl Harbor had set sail the day before, on the morning of November 26, 1941, Japan time, which was November 25, Washington time. It could have been recalled along the way, but no further diplomatic progress was made. At an Imperial Conference on December 1st, Emperor Hirohito approved attacks against the United States, the British Empire and the Dutch\",\n \"title\": \"Hull note\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20552473\",\n \"text\": \"control of the Ogasawara Islands in several hard-fought battles such as the Battle of Iwo Jima, marking the beginning of the fall of the islands of Japan. After securing airfields in Saipan and Guam in the summer of 1944, the United States Army Air Forces undertook an intense strategic bombing campaign, using incendiary bombs, burning Japanese cities in an effort to pulverize Japan's industry and shatter its morale. The Operation Meetinghouse raid on Tokyo on the night of March 9–10, 1945, led to the deaths of approximately 100,000 civilians. Approximately 350,000–500,000 civilians died in 66 other Japanese cities as a\",\n \"title\": \"Japan during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992377\",\n \"text\": \"and Vichy France, the U.S. froze Japanese assets on July 26, 1941, and on August 1 established an embargo on oil and gasoline exports to Japan. The oil embargo was an especially strong response because oil was Japan's most crucial import, and more than 80% of Japan's oil at the time came from the United States. Japanese war planners had long looked south, especially to Brunei for oil and Malaya for rubber and tin. In the autumn of 1940, Japan requested 3.15 million barrels of oil from the Dutch East Indies, but received a counteroffer of only 1.35 million. The\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17600177\",\n \"text\": \"operation conducted primarily to raise morale in the United States following the Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, 16 B-25 Mitchell medium bombers were carried from San Francisco to within range of Japan on the aircraft carrier USS Hornet. These aircraft were launched on 18 April 1942 and individually bombed targets in Tokyo, Yokohama, Yokosuka, Nagoya, and Kobe. The Japanese air defense units were taken by surprise, and all the B-25s escaped without serious damage. The aircraft then continued to China and the Soviet Union, though several crashed in Japanese-held territory after running out of fuel,\",\n \"title\": \"Enemy Airmen's Act\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703916\",\n \"text\": \"six were returned to service and went on to fight in the war. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, and one minelayer. One hundred eighty-eight U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded. Important base installations such as the power station, dry dock, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of the intelligence section), were not attacked. Japanese losses were light: 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost, and 64 servicemen killed. One Japanese sailor,\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9737694\",\n \"text\": \"Air raids on Japan Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people. During the first years of the Pacific War these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943. Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war in August 1945. Allied naval and land-based tactical air units also attacked Japan during 1945. The United States military air campaign waged against Japan\",\n \"title\": \"Air raids on Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20687290\",\n \"text\": \"26. On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese struck the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack, knocking out the main American battleship fleet and killing 2,403 American servicemen and civilians. The great majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy thesis that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese had kept their secrets closely guarded, and while senior American officials were aware that war was imminent, they did not expect an attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt had anticipated that the first attack would\",\n \"title\": \"Third and fourth terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9013301\",\n \"text\": \"the Japanese campaign in China in return for Japan's pledge not to attack Southeast Asia. In large part because the U.S. feared that Japan would attack the Soviet Union after conquering China, Roosevelt declined the offer, and negotiations collapsed on November 26. On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese struck the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack, knocking out the main American battleship fleet and killing 2,403 American servicemen and civilians. The great majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy thesis that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8759987\",\n \"text\": \"property, belongings, business, \\\"and the principles of justice and responsible government require that there should be compensation for such losses. \\\"Congress over time appropriated $38 million to settle 23,000 claims for damages totaling $131 million. The final claim was adjudicated in 1965.\\\" The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack sank four U.S. battleships, destroyed 188 U.S. aircraft, and killed 2,403 U.S. citizens within two hours, and led to the United States\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese-American Claims Act\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"138991\",\n \"text\": \"Japan. After the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, antiwar sentiment in the United States largely evaporated overnight. On December 11, 1941, Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. A majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy theories that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese had kept their secrets closely guarded. Senior American officials were aware that war was imminent, but they did not expect an attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt had expected that the Japanese would attack either the Dutch East\",\n \"title\": \"Franklin D. Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7309162\",\n \"text\": \"German rule. Japan responded by launching a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii 1941. The U.S. responded by declaring war on Japan. The next day, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. The United States, The British Commonwealth, and the Soviet Union now constituted the Allies, dedicated to destroying the Axis Powers. Other allied nations included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and China. In the Pacific War, British, Indian and Australian troops made a disorganised last stand at Singapore, before surrendering on 15 February 1942. The defeat was the worst in British\",\n \"title\": \"History of Western civilization\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6880833\",\n \"text\": \"Battle of Los Angeles The Battle of Los Angeles, also known as The Great Los Angeles Air Raid, is the name given by contemporary sources to the rumored enemy attack by Japan and subsequent anti-aircraft artillery barrage which took place from late February 24 to early February 25, 1942, over Los Angeles, California. The incident occurred less than three months after the United States entered World War II in response to the Japanese Imperial Navy's attack on Pearl Harbor, and one day after the bombardment of Ellwood on February 23. Initially, the target of the aerial barrage was thought to\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Los Angeles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20552484\",\n \"text\": \"for war crimes before the Tokyo tribunal and other Allied tribunals in Asia. However, all members of the imperial family implicated in the war, such as Emperor Shōwa and his brothers, cousins and uncles such as Prince Chichibu, Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu and Prince Asaka Yasuhiko, were exonerated from criminal prosecutions by Douglas MacArthur. The Japanese military before and during World War II committed numerous atrocities against civilian and military personnel. Its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, prior to a declaration of war and without warning killed 2,403 neutral military personnel and civilians and wounded 1,247 others.\",\n \"title\": \"Japan during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11061327\",\n \"text\": \"feelings against Japanese Americans. In February 1942, Roosevelt signed United States Executive Order 9066, requiring all Japanese Americans to submit themselves for internment. Propaganda made repeated use of the attack, because its effect was enormous and impossible to counter. \\\"Remember Pearl Harbor!\\\" became the watchwords of the war. The American government understated the damage inflicted, in hopes of preventing the Japanese from learning it, but the Japanese had, through surveillance, a good estimate. On December 8, 1941, Japan declared war on the United States and the British Empire. The Japanese document discussed world peace and the disruptive actions of the\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12962334\",\n \"text\": \"in 1887. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, was the immediate cause of the United States' entry into World War II. Pearl Harbor was originally an extensive shallow embayment called \\\"Wai Momi\\\" (meaning, “Waters of Pearl”) or \\\"Puuloa\\\" (meaning, “long hill”) by the Hawaiians. Puuloa was regarded as the home of the shark goddess, Kaahupahau, and her brother (or son), Kahiuka, in Hawaiian legends. According to tradition, Keaunui, the head of the powerful Ewa chiefs, is credited with cutting a navigable channel near the present Puuloa saltworks, by which he made the\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"299338\",\n \"text\": \"in September 1914. A company of Australians and a British warship besieged the Germans and their colonial subjects, ending with a German surrender. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941. The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. The Japanese subsequently invaded New Guinea, Solomon Islands and other Pacific islands. The Japanese were turned back at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11061348\",\n \"text\": \"America was attacked in strength on its territory by another country – with only the September 11 attacks almost 60 years later being of a similarly catastrophic scale. It was the first decisive defeat for the United States in World War II. It has become synonymous with \\\"surprise attack\\\" ever since in American parlance. The U.S. mistakes of intelligence collection, sharing, and analysis leading to the Japanese success at Pearl Harbor did not, in the end, lead to lessons learned. Some Japanese today feel they were compelled to fight because of threats to their national interests and an embargo imposed\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15138888\",\n \"text\": \"mainly of dive bombers, horizontal bombers and fighters. The Japanese struck American ships and military installations at 07:51. The first wave attacked airfields of Ford Island. At 08:30, a second wave of 170 Japanese aircraft, mostly torpedo bombers, attacked the fleet anchored in Pearl Harbor. The battleship was hit with an armor-piercing bomb which penetrated the forward ammunition compartment, blowing the ship apart and sinking it within seconds, killing 1,177 crew members. The overall death toll was 2,467 people: 2,403 American citizens—2,335 members of the U.S. military and 68 civilians—and 64 members of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Five U.S. battleships\",\n \"title\": \"Naval Station Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11061372\",\n \"text\": \"long term, the attack on Pearl Harbor was a grand strategic blunder for Japan. Indeed, Admiral Yamamoto, who conceived it, predicted even success here could not win a war with the United States, because American productive capacity was too large. It spurred the United States into a determination to fight to complete victory. The war resulted in the destruction of the Japanese armed forces, the occupation of the home islands (a state never before achieved in Japan's history), and the occupation of Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands by the United States until 1972, while the Soviet Russian re-annexation of the\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992412\",\n \"text\": \"message from the Hawaiian Japanese consulate (sent on 6 December), in a low level consular cipher, included mention of an attack at Pearl; it was not decrypted until 8 December. While the Japanese \\\"Diplomatic\\\" codes (Purple code) could be read, the current version (JN-25C) of the Japanese \\\"Naval\\\" code (JN-25) which had replaced JN-25B on 4 December 1941 could not be read until May 1942. In 1924, General William L. Mitchell produced a 324-page report warning that future wars (including with Japan) would include a new role for aircraft against existing ships and facilities. He even discussed the possibility of\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7885005\",\n \"text\": \"the Second World War. In December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the east coast of Malaya, causing the Pacific War to begin in earnest. Both attacks occurred at the same time, but due to the international dateline, the Honolulu attack is dated December 7 while the Kota Bharu attack is dated December 8. One of Japan's objectives was to capture Southeast Asia and secure the rich supply of natural resources to feed its military and industry needs. Singapore, the main Allied base in the region, was an obvious military target because of its flourishing trade and wealth. The British\",\n \"title\": \"History of Singapore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703942\",\n \"text\": \"negotiations ... and they clearly prevailed.\\\" In any event, even if the Japanese had decoded and delivered the 14-Part Message before the beginning of the attack, it would not have constituted either a formal break of diplomatic relations or a declaration of war. The final two paragraphs of the message read: The first attack wave of 183 planes was launched north of Oahu, led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida. Six planes failed to launch due to technical difficulties. It included: As the first wave approached Oahu, it was detected by the U.S. Army SCR-270 radar at Opana Point near the island's\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1395753\",\n \"text\": \"2015, has interviews with the few surviving members of the raid. Doolittle Raid The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, on Saturday, April 18, 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on the island of Honshu during World War II, the first air operation to strike the Japanese Home Islands. It demonstrated that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to American air attack, served as retaliation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and provided an important boost to American morale. The raid was planned and led by Lieutenant\",\n \"title\": \"Doolittle Raid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"484511\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. forces at the Battle of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, triggering America's entry into World War II. Japan rapidly expanded at sea and land, capturing Singapore and the Philippines in early 1942, and threatening India and Australia. Although it was to be a long and bloody war, Japan began to lose the initiative in 1942. At the Battle of the Coral Sea, a Japanese offensive was turned back, for the first time, at sea. The June Battle of Midway cost Japan four of its six large aircraft carriers and destroyed its capability for future major offensives. In the Guadalcanal\",\n \"title\": \"History of East Asia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703939\",\n \"text\": \"at an end. However, the attack began before the notice could be delivered. Tokyo transmitted the 5000-word notification (commonly called the \\\"14-Part Message\\\") in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington. Transcribing the message took too long for the Japanese ambassador to deliver it on schedule; in the event, it was not presented until more than an hour after the attack began. (In fact, U.S. code breakers had already deciphered and translated most of the message hours before he was scheduled to deliver it.) The final part is sometimes described as a declaration of war. While it was viewed\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19272708\",\n \"text\": \"On 7 December 1941, the United States of America entered World War II following the bombing of Pearl Harbour in Hawaii by Japanese carrier-borne aircraft. The United Kingdom and its Commonwealth had been at war with Germany since September 1939, but now the war was truly global. Japan attacked the Philippines and Thailand, and advanced through Malaya and the Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia). Singapore fell on 15 February 1942 and two brigades of the 8th Division of the 2nd Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF) were captured, while the third brigade was destroyed piecemeal on the islands of Timor, Ambon\",\n \"title\": \"Mount St John Anti-Aircraft Battery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19655214\",\n \"text\": \"Attack on Clark Field The attack on Clark Field was part of a series of morning airstrikes on United States Pacific island military bases opening Japanese participation in World War II. The attack was intended to minimize interference from the Far East Air Force (FEAF) during the subsequent invasion of the Philippines by the Empire of Japan. Capture of the Philippines was essential to control shipping routes between Japan and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Hostilities were initiated by the attack on Pearl Harbor at 07:48 Hawaiian Time (UTC-10) on 7 December 1941. As dawn moved westward across the\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Clark Field\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3563991\",\n \"text\": \"7, 1941, [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor]], bringing it too into the war on the Allied side. China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world. China was in turmoil at the time, and attacked Japanese armies through guerilla-type warfare. By the beginning of 1942, the major combatants were aligned as follows: the British Commonwealth, the United States, and the Soviet Union were fighting Germany and Italy; and the British Commonwealth, China, and the United States were fighting Japan. The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union\",\n \"title\": \"Modern history\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992384\",\n \"text\": \"attack. Grew was allowed to transmit it to the United States, where it was received late Monday afternoon (Washington time). In July 1941, IJN headquarters informed Emperor Hirohito its reserve bunker oil would be exhausted within two years if a new source was not found. In August 1941, Japanese prime minister Fumimaro Konoe proposed a summit with President Roosevelt to discuss differences. Roosevelt replied Japan must leave China before a summit meeting could be held. On , at the second Imperial Conference concerning attacks on the Western colonies in Asia and Hawaii, Japanese leaders met to consider the attack plans\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992396\",\n \"text\": \"to Japan with information about the shallow-running torpedoes Cunningham's engineers had devised. Japanese strategists were undoubtedly influenced by Admiral Togo's surprise attack on the Russian Pacific Fleet at Port Arthur in 1904. Yamamoto's emphasis on destroying the American battleships was in keeping with the Mahanian doctrine shared by all major navies during this period, including the U.S. Navy and Royal Navy. In a letter dated January 7, 1941, Yamamoto finally delivered a rough outline of his plan to Koshiro Oikawa, then Navy Minister, from whom he also requested to be made Commander in Chief of the air fleet to attack\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3279575\",\n \"text\": \"the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The United States began effective strategic bombing of Japan when B-29s began operating from the Marianas (Guam and Tienen) in late 1944. Prior to that a single raid was launched from carriers in 1942, and ineffective long-range raids were launched from China from June to December 1944. In the last seven months of the campaign, a change to firebombing resulted in great destruction of 67 Japanese cities, as many as 500,000 Japanese deaths and some 5 million more made homeless. Emperor Hirohito's viewing of the destroyed areas of Tokyo in March 1945 is said to\",\n \"title\": \"Strategic bombing during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6309428\",\n \"text\": \"between the Japan's commitment to conquer China, and America's commitment to defend China. Japan's civilian government fell and the Army under General Tojo took full control, bent on war. Japan attacked the American navy base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. In response, the United States declared war on Japan. Japan's Axis allies, including Nazi Germany, declared war on the United States days after the attack, bringing the United States into World War II. The conflict was a bitter one, marked by atrocities such as the executions and torture of American prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese\",\n \"title\": \"Japan–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1395687\",\n \"text\": \"Doolittle Raid The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, on Saturday, April 18, 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on the island of Honshu during World War II, the first air operation to strike the Japanese Home Islands. It demonstrated that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to American air attack, served as retaliation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and provided an important boost to American morale. The raid was planned and led by Lieutenant Colonel James \\\"Jimmy\\\" Doolittle of the United States Army Air Forces.\",\n \"title\": \"Doolittle Raid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6163942\",\n \"text\": \"Japan and the United States stretched back to 1931 with Japan's invasion of Manchuria in the Mukden Incident. Japan's continued aggression, instigating the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and invading French Indochina in 1940—to which the United States and European powers responded with embargoes on iron and oil imports—further heightened the tension. The Japanese thereafter decided to attack the Western powers in Asia, beginning with a surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. When the Japanese struck Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, \\\"Mahan\\\" was at sea with the aircraft carrier , three cruisers and four destroyers\",\n \"title\": \"USS Mahan (DD-364)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9737846\",\n \"text\": \"not legislating for redress measures\\\". Air raids on Japan Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people. During the first years of the Pacific War these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943. Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war in August 1945. Allied naval and land-based tactical air units also attacked Japan during 1945. The United States military\",\n \"title\": \"Air raids on Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"89664\",\n \"text\": \"Calendar date A calendar date is a reference to a particular day represented within a calendar system. The calendar date allows the specific day to be identified. The number of days between two dates may be calculated. For example, \\\"24 2019\\\" is ten days after \\\"14 2019\\\" in the Gregorian calendar. The date of a particular event depends on the observed time zone. For example, the air attack on Pearl Harbor that began at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian time on December 7, 1941, took place at 3:18 a.m. December 8 in Japan (Japan Standard Time). A particular day may be represented\",\n \"title\": \"Calendar date\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"769855\",\n \"text\": \"China and thereafter the Mariana Islands. B-29 raids from those islands began on 17 November 1944, and lasted until 15 August 1945, the day of Japanese surrender. Over 50% of Tokyo's industry was spread out among residential and commercial neighborhoods; firebombing cut the whole city's output in half. The first raid on Tokyo was the Doolittle Raid of 18 April 1942, when sixteen B-25 Mitchells were launched from to attack targets including Yokohama and Tokyo and then fly on to airfields in China. The raid was retaliation against the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The raid did little damage to\",\n \"title\": \"Bombing of Tokyo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703963\",\n \"text\": \"Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California. Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and naked\\\". Throughout the war, Pearl Harbor was frequently used in American propaganda. One further consequence of the attack on Pearl Harbor and its aftermath (notably the Niihau incident) was that Japanese American residents and citizens were relocated to nearby Japanese-American internment camps. Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leaders were rounded up and brought to high-security camps such as Sand Island at the mouth\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1549627\",\n \"text\": \"the fall of the islands of Japan. After securing airfields in Saipan and Guam in the summer of 1944, the United States Army Air Forces undertook an intense strategic bombing campaign, using incendiary bombs, burning Japanese cities in an effort to pulverize Japan's industry and shatter its morale. The Operation Meetinghouse raid on Tokyo on the night of March 9–10, 1945, led to the deaths of approximately 100,000 civilians. Approximately 350,000–500,000 civilians died in 66 other Japanese cities as a result of the incendiary bombing campaign on Japan. Concurrent to these attacks, Japan's vital coastal shipping operations were severely hampered\",\n \"title\": \"Empire of Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703937\",\n \"text\": \"captured on December 8. Ensign Kazuo Sakamaki swam ashore and was captured by Hawaii National Guard Corporal David Akui, becoming the first Japanese prisoner of war. A fourth had been damaged by a depth charge attack and was abandoned by its crew before it could fire its torpedoes. Japanese forces received a radio message from a midget submarine at 00:41 on December 8 claiming damage to one or more large warships inside Pearl Harbor. In 1992, 2000, and 2001, Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory's submersibles found the wreck of the fifth midget submarine lying in three parts outside Pearl Harbor. The\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992401\",\n \"text\": \"16-inch (356- and 406-mm) naval shells. These were able to penetrate the lightly armored decks of the old battleships. At several stages during 1941, Japan's military leaders discussed the possibility of launching an invasion to seize the Hawaiian Islands; this would provide Japan with a strategic base to shield its new empire, deny the United States any bases beyond the West coast and further isolate Australia and New Zealand. Genda, who saw Hawaii as vital for American operations against Japan after war began, believed Japan must follow any attack on Pearl Harbor with an invasion of Hawaii or risk losing\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"703970\",\n \"text\": \"service, their relatively low speed and high fuel consumption limited their deployment, and they served mainly in shore bombardment roles (their only major action being the Battle of Surigao Strait in October 1944). A major flaw of Japanese strategic thinking was a belief that the ultimate Pacific battle would be fought by battleships, in keeping with the doctrine of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan. As a result, Yamamoto (and his successors) hoarded battleships for a \\\"decisive battle\\\" that never happened. The Japanese confidence in their ability to achieve a short, victorious war meant that they neglected Pearl Harbor's navy repair yards,\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14707056\",\n \"text\": \"Bombardment of Ellwood The Bombardment of Ellwood during World War II was a naval attack by a Japanese submarine against United States coastal targets near Santa Barbara, California. Though damage was minimal, the event was key in triggering the West Coast invasion scare and influenced the decision to intern Japanese-Americans. The event also marked the first shelling of the North American mainland during the conflict. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, seven Japanese submarines patrolled the American West Coast. They sank two merchant ships and damaged six more, skirmishing twice with U.S. Navy air or sea forces. By the\",\n \"title\": \"Bombardment of Ellwood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11061332\",\n \"text\": \"States, Britain, and the Netherlands. Japan's leaders also saw themselves as justified in their conduct, believing that they were building the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. They also explained Japan had done everything possible to alleviate tension between the two nations. The decision to attack, at least for public presentation, was reluctant and forced on Japan. Of the Pearl Harbor attack itself, Kurusu said it came in direct response to a virtual ultimatum from the U.S. government, the Hull note, and so the surprise attack was not treacherous. Since the Japanese-American relationship already had hit its lowest point, there was\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11061344\",\n \"text\": \"Congressional Committee was also appointed, on September 14, 1945, to investigate the causes of the attack and subsequent disaster, and was convened on November 15, 1945. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor coupled with their alliance with the Nazis and the ensuing war in the Pacific fueled anti-Japanese sentiment, racism, xenophobia, and anti-Axis sentiment in the Allied nations like never before. Japanese, Japanese-Americans and Asians having a similar physical appearance were regarded with deep seated suspicion, distrust and hostility. The attack was viewed as having been conducted in an extremely underhanded way and also as a very \\\"treacherous\\\" or \\\"sneaky\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9737700\",\n \"text\": \"late 1941 using P-40 Warhawk fighter aircraft. A second American Volunteer Group was also formed in late 1941 to attack Japan from bases in China using Hudson and A-20 Havoc medium bombers. The attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 led to open hostilities between the US and Japan and ended the need for covert operations, however, and this unit did not become active. The small number of Second Air Volunteer Group personnel who were dispatched from the United States in November 1941 were diverted to Australia upon the outbreak of war. Japanese successes during the opening months of\",\n \"title\": \"Air raids on Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17173442\",\n \"text\": \"into attacking America and executed after a rigged trial, a picture of Tojo that is widely accepted in Japan while giving offense abroad. Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo (Kyūjitai: ; Shinjitai: ; \\\"\\\"; December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 27th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from October 17, 1941, to July 22, 1944. He is best known for his actions as Prime Minister during the war, such as being responsible for ordering the attack on Pearl\",\n \"title\": \"Hideki Tojo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13923707\",\n \"text\": \"1941 in the United States Events from the year 1941 in the United States. At the end of this year, the United States officially enters World War II by declaring war on the Empire of Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor. Baseball fans across the nation witnessed not one, but two of the most amazing individual efforts and achievements the game has ever known. The two measures recorded during the 1941 campaign both stand to this day and are regarded by practically all, even the most casual of fans, to be unattainable in the game today. 1941 saw the\",\n \"title\": \"1941 in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4712591\",\n \"text\": \"attacking German submarines. In November, in response to the October 31, 1941 sinking of , the Neutrality Act was partly repealed to protect U.S. military aid to Britain. 1941–1945: World War II: On December 8, 1941, the United States declared war against Japan in response to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. 1945: China: In October 50,000 U.S. Marines were sent to North China to assist Chinese Nationalist authorities in disarming and repatriating the Japanese in China and in controlling ports, railroads, and airfields. This was in addition to\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of United States military operations\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in what year did japan attack pearl harbor"}}},{"rowIdx":93,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["January 1982"],"string":"[\n \"January 1982\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"10586915","text":"A Country Boy Can Survive \"A Country Boy Can Survive\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. The song was released as a single in January 1982 and reached a peak of number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles charts in March 1982. It is considered one of Williams' signature songs even though it never reached number one. Shortly after 9/11, Williams re-wrote and re-recorded the song with a patriotic theme under the name \"America Will Survive\"; the rewrite peaked at number 45 on the \"Billboard\" country charts. In early 2007, Williams","title":"A Country Boy Can Survive"},{"id":"10586916","text":"re-released the original version to commemorate the 25th anniversary of its original release, in addition to creating a music video for it. This re-release peaked at number 45 on the \"Billboard\" country charts. The song exalts and lists many things that detail the everyday life of country dwellers. The notable second verse mentions the narrator's relationship with a New York City businessman; despite their differing backgrounds the two become good friends and exchange gifts (\"he'd send me pictures of the Broadway nights/And I'd send him some homemade wine\"). However, the businessman is \"killed by a man with a switchblade knife/for","title":"A Country Boy Can Survive"},{"id":"8616323","text":"Hank Williams, Jr.'s signature song \"A Country Boy Can Survive\", a number 2 hit for Williams in 1981. Chad's version, which featured Williams and George Jones, was entitled \"A Country Boy Can Survive (Y2K Version)\", was re-written with lyrics pertaining to the Year 2000 problem (abbreviated Y2K). The song served as the first single from Brock's 2000 album \"Yes!\". Its second single was the title track, which went on to become Brock's only number-one \"Billboard\" hit, as well as a number 22 hit on the Hot 100 chart. The third and last single from \"Yes!\" (\"The Visit\") peaked at number","title":"Chad Brock"},{"id":"10586917","text":"$43 my friend lost his life\"; Williams replies that he would like to personally shoot the mugger himself, but not before \"(spitting) Beech-Nut in that dude's eyes\". (The \"America Will Survive\" remix has the businessman being a victim of the 9/11 attacks.) In late 1999, Chad Brock and George Jones collaborated with Williams to record a re-written version of the song with a Y2K theme, with lines such as \"If the bank machines crash, we'll be just fine.\" This version peaked at number 30 on the \"Billboard\" country charts, and number 75 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. A Country Boy","title":"A Country Boy Can Survive"},{"id":"4492201","text":"I Will Survive \"I Will Survive\" is a hit song first performed by American singer Gloria Gaynor, released in October 1978. It was written by Freddie Perren and Dino Fekaris. A top-selling song after its initial release, it sold 14 million copies worldwide and has remained a popular disco anthem, as well as being certified platinum by the RIAA. The song's lyrics describe the narrator's discovery of personal strength following an initially devastating breakup. It received heavy airplay in 1979, reaching number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and on the UK Singles Chart on consecutive weeks. The song is","title":"I Will Survive"},{"id":"4941705","text":"frequently used the song \"A Country Boy Can Survive\" by Hank Williams, Jr. as he made his entrance towards the Octagon. At the \"UFC 56\" live broadcast, Joe Rogan said: \"My favorite walk-out song in all the UFC, ′A country boy can survive.′\" Hughes released his autobiography, \"Made in America: The Most Dominant Champion in UFC History\", co-written with Michael Malice, on January 1, 2008. The book debuted at #21 on the New York Times bestseller list. Since January 2011, Hughes is the host of hunting program Trophy Hunters TV, which airs in Outdoor Channel three times a week. The","title":"Matt Hughes (fighter)"},{"id":"1453239","text":"provided the voice of Injun Joe in Tom Sawyer. In 2001, Hank co-wrote his classic hit \"A Country Boy Can Survive\" after 9/11, renaming it \"America Can Survive\". In 2004, Williams was featured prominently on \"CMT Outlaws\". In 2006, he starred at the Summerfest concert. He has also made a cameo appearance along with Larry the Cable Guy, Kid Rock, and Charlie Daniels in Gretchen Wilson's music video for the song \"All Jacked Up\". He and Kid Rock also appeared in Wilson's \"Redneck Woman\" video. Hank also had a small part of Kid Rock's video \"Only God Knows Why\", and","title":"Hank Williams Jr."},{"id":"4492202","text":"also frequently recalled as a symbol of female strength and as a gay anthem. In 2016, the Library of Congress deemed Gaynor's original recording to be \"culturally, historically, or artistically significant\" and selected it for preservation in the National Recording Registry. Originally released as the B-side to a cover version of the Righteous Brothers song \"Substitute\", \"I Will Survive\" became a worldwide hit for Gaynor when disc jockeys played that side of the record instead. \"Substitute\" appeared on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart for four weeks in October–November 1978, peaking at No. 107. \"I Will Survive\" then","title":"I Will Survive"},{"id":"4492221","text":"meaning with the dawn of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s\". I Will Survive \"I Will Survive\" is a hit song first performed by American singer Gloria Gaynor, released in October 1978. It was written by Freddie Perren and Dino Fekaris. A top-selling song after its initial release, it sold 14 million copies worldwide and has remained a popular disco anthem, as well as being certified platinum by the RIAA. The song's lyrics describe the narrator's discovery of personal strength following an initially devastating breakup. It received heavy airplay in 1979, reaching number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and","title":"I Will Survive"},{"id":"4492207","text":"of All Time list in November 2016. In 2017 the song was ranked number 7 in \"Paste Magazine's\" The 60 Best Dancefloor Classics list. Recorded by Gloria Gaynor Billie Jo Spears' version from her 1979 album, \"I Will Survive\", peaked at #21 in the U.S. Country Chart, #9 in the Canadian Country Chart, and #47 in the UK Singles Chart. Hermes House Band covered the song in 1994, which resulted in a no.1 hit position in The Netherlands and No.2 in Belgium. In 1997 and 1998 their version reached the top ten position in France. In 2018 the band reached","title":"I Will Survive"},{"id":"4302875","text":"Country House \"Country House\" is a song by English alternative rock band Blur. It was released as the lead single from the band's fourth album \"The Great Escape\" on 14 August 1995. \"Country House\" was the first of two Blur singles to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart (the second being 1997's \"Beetlebum\"). The song is the band's best-selling single, with over 540,000 copies sold as of May 2014. In an interview for the \"South Bank Show\", Damon Albarn explained that it was inspired by former Blur manager Dave Balfe, who left Blur's label Food Records and bought","title":"Country House"},{"id":"20001356","text":"first released for sale on February 17, 2017, and then to radio with an add date of March 20, 2017. The song reached No. 1 on \"Billboard\"s Country Airplay chart in September 2017, which is Lynch's fifth No. 1 on the chart. It stayed at No. 1 for four weeks on the chart. It also peaked at No. 2 on \"Billboard\"s Hot Country Songs for chart dated August 19, 2017. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on July 21, 2017, and has sold 497,000 copies in the United States as of January 2018. The music video premiered on","title":"Small Town Boy (song)"},{"id":"4302880","text":"and cassette single CD1 CD2 – \"Blur Recorded Live from Mile End Stadium\" All tracks recorded live at the Mile End Stadium in London on 17 June 1995. Japan CD Country House \"Country House\" is a song by English alternative rock band Blur. It was released as the lead single from the band's fourth album \"The Great Escape\" on 14 August 1995. \"Country House\" was the first of two Blur singles to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart (the second being 1997's \"Beetlebum\"). The song is the band's best-selling single, with over 540,000 copies sold as of May","title":"Country House"},{"id":"14557041","text":"RCA Nashville. The soundtrack debuted at #16 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart upon its release on October 26, 2010. Following the film's release in January 2011, the soundtrack rose to a new peak of #2 on that chart, as well as #6 on the all-genre \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. The film's score was composed by Michael Brook. \"Coming Home\" by Bob DiPiero, Tom Douglas, Lindsey, Troy Verges and performed by Gwyneth Paltrow was nominated for Best Original Song at the 68th Golden Globe Awards and 83rd Academy Awards, but it lost both to \"You Haven't Seen The Last","title":"Country Strong"},{"id":"3832783","text":"\"Record World\" Pop Singles Chart and the \"Cash Box\" Top 100, and number 2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100, topped only by \"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart\" by The Bee Gees. On August 18, 1971, it was certified Gold by the RIAA for a million copies shipped. The song continued to sell in the digital era. As of December 2018, the song has also sold an additional 1,498,000 downloads since it became available digitally. \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\" received an enthusiastic response from West Virginians. The song is the theme song of West Virginia University and","title":"Take Me Home, Country Roads"},{"id":"3832788","text":"of the Pops\". A cover version of the song—a collaboration between Copilot Music + Sound and the vocal group Spank—was commissioned for and featured in both the teaser and full E3 2018 trailers for the 2018 video game, \"Fallout 76\", whose plot events are set in West Virginia. Released as an iTunes-only single on July 4, 2018, the song reached #1 on the iTunes singles chart. It debuted at #41 on \"Billboard's\" Hot Country Songs chart that week and at #21 on \"Billboard's\" Country Digital Songs the following week. The official YouTube upload of the original John Denver recording, initially","title":"Take Me Home, Country Roads"},{"id":"2909671","text":"The Great Escape (Blur album) The Great Escape is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Blur, released on 11 September 1995 on Food and Virgin Records. The album received near-universal acclaim from critics on release and reached number one in the UK Albums Chart. It was the band's first record to crack the US charts, reaching number 150. Less than a year after the album was released, it was certified triple platinum in the UK. The album continued the band's run of hit singles, with \"Country House\", \"The Universal\", \"Stereotypes\" and \"Charmless Man\". \"Country House\" was Blur's","title":"The Great Escape (Blur album)"},{"id":"15014733","text":"34 Number Ones 34 Number Ones is the seventh greatest hits compilation album by American country artist Alan Jackson. It was released in the United States on November 23, 2010 through Arista Nashville. The release celebrates Jackson's 20-year anniversary since the release of his debut album. As of the chart dated February 26, 2011, the album has sold 200,131 copies in the US. The release includes all of Jackson's number one hits on various trade charts, from his first, \"Here in the Real World\", to his latest, \"Country Boy\". Included in the release is his cover of Johnny Cash's \"Ring","title":"34 Number Ones"},{"id":"10869119","text":"Only the Strong Survive (song) \"Only the Strong Survive\" is a song written by Jerry Butler, Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff and originally sung in 1968 by Jerry Butler, released on his album \"The Ice Man Cometh\". It was the most successful single of his career, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was #1 for two weeks on the \"Billboard\" Black Singles Chart, in March and April 1969, respectively. \"Only the Strong Survive\" was the first of two singles which were platinum certified by the RIAA, selling over a million copies (the second was \"Ain’t Understanding Mellow\" in","title":"Only the Strong Survive (song)"},{"id":"10409701","text":"3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:","title":"2007 Orlando Predators season"},{"id":"10409773","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Dallas Desperados season"},{"id":"12140988","text":"Country Man \"Country Man\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It originally appeared on his 2006 self-titled EP, and was released in March 2008 as the third single from his debut album \"I'll Stay Me\". The song, like Bryan's previous two singles (\"All My Friends Say\" and \"We Rode in Trucks\"), charted in the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. It was written by Bryan, Patrick Jason Matthews and Galen Griffin. The song is a moderate up-tempo, accompanied by fiddle and guitar. Its lyrics focus the male narrator, who is","title":"Country Man"},{"id":"19704324","text":"released on May 5, 2017, and \"\", on December 1. \"Traveller\" and \"Volume 1\" were the best-selling country albums of 2016 and 2017, respectively. \"Volume 1\" and \"Volume 2\" both debuted at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200. \"Traveller\", \"From A Room: Volume 1\", and \"Volume 2\" held the top-three spots on the Top Country Albums chart dated February 10, 2018, making Stapleton the first artist to do so since Garth Brooks in 1992. \"Broken Halos\" became his first single to top the Country Airplay chart. The following is a list with selected songs written by Stapleton and recorded by","title":"Chris Stapleton discography"},{"id":"4342872","text":"Nowhere Man (song) \"Nowhere Man\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was released in December 1965 on their album \"Rubber Soul\", except for in the United States and Canada, where it was first issued as a single A-side in February 1966 before appearing on the album \"Yesterday and Today\". The song was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney. In the US, the single peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 1 on the chart compiled by \"Record World\" magazine, as it did the \"RPM\" 100 chart in Canada. The","title":"Nowhere Man (song)"},{"id":"4492214","text":"the UK Singles Chart on 9 June 2013, and in the following week it reached number eight. In 1998, Victor Navone used the opening sequence of this song as the soundtrack of an animated video \"Alien Song,\" which was virally distributed, primarily by e-mail. Navone went on to work for Pixar. Also in 1998, the song became an anthem and gained more popularity in France when the France national football team won the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In 1999, Gaynor performed the song at the school prom on \"That '70s Show\" episode 19 \"Prom Night\" to cheer up a disheartened,","title":"I Will Survive"},{"id":"10411020","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Nashville Kats season"},{"id":"14032703","text":"Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2008. A third single, \"Thunder\", was released in 2008 to moderate chart success. All three singles were also certified Gold by RIAA, with \"The Great Escape\" later going Platinum. Their second album, \"Love Drunk\", was released on September 8, 2009. Fuelled by the success of its title track and lead single, the album debuted at #8 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and at #1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Albums chart. The group earned its highest-charting single to date with \"Two Is Better Than One\", a collaboration with American country pop","title":"Boys Like Girls discography"},{"id":"19678223","text":"\"Metal Gear Solid V\", microtransactions, constant internet connection requirement and the departure from the general feel of previous \"Metal Gear\" games. Upon release, \"Metal Gear Survive\" received \"mixed or average\" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, the PlayStation 4 version sold 31,359 copies within its first week on sale, placing it at number three on the all format sales chart; additionally, digital sales of the game have ranked at number one on Sony's sales charts the week it was released. In the UK, \"Survive\" debuted at sixth place in the all format sales chart, selling 85% fewer copies","title":"Metal Gear Survive"},{"id":"14193411","text":"Outsider\" was released as a free digital download on the band's website in May, followed by a music video for \"Man in the Middle\" in June. The album was released on June 13 in Europe and the following day in North America, selling over 8,000 copies in its first week in the US (compared to the 7,100 units of \"Black Country Communion\") but only debuting on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart at number 71. The album was also less successful on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at number 23 (ten places lower than its predecessor). In promotion of \"Black Country Communion","title":"Black Country Communion"},{"id":"15369153","text":"giving Williams his fifth career Number One single, while \"A Country Boy Can Survive\" peaked at number 2. They have become signature songs for Williams and remain among the most popular of his career. The album and singles were well received by critics, earning Williams an Academy of Country Music nomination for Top Male Vocalist. It was also a major commercial success for Williams and was certified Platinum by the RIAA, making it Williams' sixth album to be certified Gold and his second to be certified Platinum. The Pressure Is On The Pressure Is On is a studio album by","title":"The Pressure Is On"},{"id":"7332323","text":"Survive (David Bowie song) \"Survive\" is a song and single written by David Bowie and Reeves Gabrels for the album \"Hours\" in 1999. \"Survive\" was released as the third single from the album in January 2000, it reached number 28 on the UK Singles Chart.It was charachterized as a confessional highlight in a review by Rolling Stone. This version also includes the full length \"Survive\" video in QuickTime format. This version also includes a full length video in QuickTime format of the live version of \"Survive\". All tracks are from the Paris Elysée Montmartre show on October 13, 1999. A","title":"Survive (David Bowie song)"},{"id":"4492212","text":"song, due to the presence of \"profanity\"). The music video of Cake's version features McCrea as a city parking enforcement officer driving around in a Cushman three-wheeled scooter as he leaves tickets on various cars. R&B singer Chantay Savage covered the song in 1996 as a ballad. Her version peaked at #24 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Diana Ross' version from her 1995 album, \"Take Me Higher\", peaked at #14 on the UK and at #3 in Iceland. In the United States, it peaked at #37 on the \"Billboard\" Dance Music Charts.","title":"I Will Survive"},{"id":"3832768","text":"Thank God I'm a Country Boy \"Thank God I'm a Country Boy\", also known as \"Country Boy\", is a song written by John Martin Sommers and recorded by American singer/songwriter John Denver. The song was originally included on Denver's 1974 album \"Back Home Again\". A version recorded live on August 26, 1974, at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles was included on his 1975 album \"An Evening with John Denver\". The live version was released as a single and went to No. 1 on both the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Singles and \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts. The song topped both","title":"Thank God I'm a Country Boy"},{"id":"13097514","text":"funding of ₤1.2 million from the UK Film Council Premier Fund, with an additional ₤35,500 from its Development Fund to create the script. The film also received a grant from Film4 (the film division of Channel 4). The film premiered in the UK on 26 December 2009. Its US release was on 8 October 2010, coinciding with that weekend's celebrations of the 70th anniversary of Lennon's birth. HanWay Films represented worldwide sales. Distributor Icon Entertainment International took the rights for the United Kingdom and Australia. Mars Distribution acquired the rights for France. The Weinstein Company distributed the film in the","title":"Nowhere Boy"},{"id":"12543200","text":"was won by Clay Ashley, Dan Hair, and Mark Trotter of Sioux City, Iowa. Before the official video, television network CMT aired a live music video which featured Jackson performing the song with Brad Paisley, Dierks Bentley and George Strait on the \"CMT Country Giants\" special. \"Country Boy\" peaked at Number One on the \"Billboard\" country charts in January 2009, becoming Jackson's twenty-fifth Number One on that chart and matching George Strait's record for the most Number One hits by a country artist since January 1990, when the charts were first tabulated via Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems (counting only singles","title":"Country Boy (Alan Jackson song)"},{"id":"20215522","text":"2017, the majority of the supporting cast was announced. In September 2017, Joe Alwyn and Madelyn Cline joined the cast as well, and principal photography on the film began September 8, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. In April 2018, re-shoots took place. The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 1, 2018. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, first for the press and industry on September 8, 2018, and then for the public on September 11, 12, and 15. The film was initially scheduled for release on September 28, 2018, but was pushed","title":"Boy Erased"},{"id":"10416126","text":"Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:","title":"2007 Utah Blaze season"},{"id":"3832772","text":"Take Me Home, Country Roads \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\", also known as \"Take Me Home\" or \"Country Roads\", is a song written by Bill Danoff, Taffy Nivert, and John Denver about the state of West Virginia. It was released as a single performed by Denver on April 12, 1971, peaking at number 2 on \"Billboard\"s US Hot 100 singles for the week ending August 28, 1971. The song was a success on its initial release and was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 18, 1971, and Platinum on April 10, 2017. The song became one of John Denver's","title":"Take Me Home, Country Roads"},{"id":"15955136","text":"is about as country as \"Wanted Dead or Alive\" anyway. The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in mid-2011. Filmed at the Tennessee State Prison. The song debuted on the Hot Country Songs chart at No. 44 for the chart date April 23, 2011, and eventually reached No. 1 on that chart on December 3, 2011. It debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at No. 100 on July 9, 2011, eventually reaching No. 50 the same week it reach No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart. The song was certified Platinum by the RIAA on March","title":"Country Must Be Country Wide"},{"id":"10869120","text":"1972). Elvis Presley (1969) and Billy Paul (1977) also recorded versions of this song. In the UK, Billy Paul's version was released on the Philadelphia International label (PIR 5699). It entered the singles charts on November 17, 1977, had a chart life of seven weeks & a peak position of No. 33. Another version of this song was recorded by The Trammps in the Netherlands in 2003. It sounds very similar to Billy Paul's version. The song appears on the compilation album \"Only The Strong Survive\" (Sony), which oddly enough shows the remaining four group members on the cover. There's","title":"Only the Strong Survive (song)"},{"id":"159101","text":"herself singing the song on Twitter on August 30, 2017. Gloria Gaynor Gloria Gaynor (born September 7, 1949) is an American singer, best known for the disco era hits \"I Will Survive\" (Hot 100 number 1, 1979), \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" (Hot 100 number 9, 1974), \"Let Me Know (I Have a Right)\" (Hot 100 number 42, 1980) and \"I Am What I Am\" (R&B number 82, 1983). Gloria Fowles was born in 1949 in Newark, New Jersey, to Daniel Fowles and Queenie Mae Proctor. Her grandmother lived nearby and was involved in her upbringing. \"There was always music in","title":"Gloria Gaynor"},{"id":"16243802","text":"number one on the Country Airplay charts. \"Seein' Red\" was released on July 11, 2016 as the lead single from Lynch's forthcoming third studio album \"Current Mood\". It hit number one on the Country Airplay chart for the week dated February 25, 2017. \"Small Town Boy\" was released on March 20, 2017 as the second single. On September 18, 2018 he was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry Tours: Tour dates in 2018-2019 years Dustin Lynch Dustin Charles Lynch (born May 14, 1985) is an American country music singer and songwriter, signed to Broken Bow Records. Lynch has released three","title":"Dustin Lynch"},{"id":"19705565","text":"of January 24, 2017. \"Yeah Boy\" has since become Ballerini's highest-charting country music single in Canada, reaching number two on the chart in April 2017. It also debuted at number 18 on the US \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart for the week of January 24, 2017. It also debuted at number 91 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for the week of March 27, 2017. The song has sold 195,000 copies in the US as of May 2017. \"Yeah Boy\" peaked at #3 on the Country Airplay chart, got beat by Sam Hunt's 3-week number one single, \"Body","title":"Yeah Boy"},{"id":"10409878","text":"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th","title":"2007 New York Dragons season"},{"id":"4637400","text":"The album was released on September 22, 2017 through Hopeless Records. On August 10, 2017, the band released its second music video single \"Rites of Investiture\". On August 30, 2017, they released their third and title track single \"The Amulet\". Shortly before the LP's release on September 14, 2017, the band released its final music video single \"Premonition of the Hex\". The band announced a co-headlining tour with Thrice, accompanied by Balance and Composure and Chon, across North America beginning in San Jose on November 2. In October 2018 the band released two songs called \"Dark Pools\" and \"Flesh and","title":"Circa Survive"},{"id":"20181168","text":"song that will connect with every father (or any parent) who is watching his children grow up too fast right before his eyes\", while also praising the \"gentle, lilting acoustic bed track\" and Brice's singing voice. The song peaked at No. 14 on the US \"Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week dated March 10, 2018. It has sold 256,000 copies in the United States as of April 2018. Boy (Lee Brice song) \"Boy\" is a song written by Nicolle Galyon and Jon Nite and recorded by American country music singer Lee Brice. It was released in June 2017","title":"Boy (Lee Brice song)"},{"id":"3168690","text":"McShane wrote the lyrics to some of their songs, such as the single \"Survivor in Love\". After the release of \"Survivor in Love\", with no label support of a follow up album and due to its poor success, Bassi decided it was time to move on to other projects and Baltimora disbanded. The single \"Tarzan Boy\" bounced back into the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in March 1993 as a remix, climbing to No. 51, at the time of its appearance in a Listerine commercial. The song was also featured in the films \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\" (1993), \"Beverly Hills","title":"Jimmy McShane"},{"id":"3135546","text":"band's own label TML Entertainment (formerly known as TRC Records). Progressions of Power Progressions of Power is the fourth studio album by Canadian hard rock band Triumph, released in 1980. The album reached number 32 on the Billboard 200 and the single \"I Can Survive\" hit number 91 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1980. The single \"I Live for the Weekend\", though not a success in the band's home country, gave them their only charting single in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number 59. The album was re-released in 1985 on MCA Records, then on TRC Records","title":"Progressions of Power"},{"id":"19447920","text":"at number 55 the week of September 17, remaining on the chart for seventeen weeks. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 6, 2016, and has sold 351,000 copies in the United States as of September 2016. In Canada, the song debuted at number 99 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart dated July 30, 2016 but left the next week. It made a reappearance on the week of August 13 at number 90 and reached number 88 the week after, staying on the chart for eight weeks. The song garnered Gold certification from Music Canada on September","title":"American Country Love Song"},{"id":"7332324","text":"promo version and a 7\" vinyl version with the same track list as the \"International CD version 1\" was also released. Survive (David Bowie song) \"Survive\" is a song and single written by David Bowie and Reeves Gabrels for the album \"Hours\" in 1999. \"Survive\" was released as the third single from the album in January 2000, it reached number 28 on the UK Singles Chart.It was charachterized as a confessional highlight in a review by Rolling Stone. This version also includes the full length \"Survive\" video in QuickTime format. This version also includes a full length video in QuickTime","title":"Survive (David Bowie song)"},{"id":"10890694","text":"country), because she thought it would make a better stage name. As a teenager, Holland moved to Los Angeles, California, in hope of making a career as a singer-songwriter. At the age of 15 she auditioned for the Beach Boys' Brother Records, but after the company folded, she signed with Capitol Records instead. Holland's eponymous debut studio album, produced by the Doobie Brothers' former lead singer Michael McDonald, was released in 1980 and featured the hit \"How Do I Survive\", which peaked at No. 22 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. Her second studio album titled \"On Your Every","title":"Amy Holland"},{"id":"4698197","text":"the first (\"Anthology\") being a 30-year retrospective and the second (\"Where a Country Boy Belongs\") being a collection of the band's country songs. In 2004, they released another studio album, \"Beyond the Horizon\", and the following year released a Christmas album, \"Carolina Christmas\". \"Can't You See\" was used for the opening and closing credits of the Kevin Costner 2008 motion picture \"Swing Vote\". \"Take the Highway\" was also used in the movie. \"Can't You See\" is also used in the 2001 film \"Blow\", and the 2017 film \"I, Tonya\". The band has incorporated throughout its career elements of diverse genres","title":"The Marshall Tucker Band"},{"id":"19803815","text":"third leader. It spent two weeks at No. 1 before being dethroned by \"Body Like A Back Road\" by Sam Hunt. The song was certified platinum in the United States by the RIAA on August 23, 2017. The song has sold 772,000 copies in the United States as of February 2018. On February 4, 2017, Taylor Swift performed it at Club Nomadic in Houston as part of the DirecTV Special, Super Saturday Night. She also performed on August 25, 2018 at her Reputation Tour stop at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, TN. On February 15, 2017, Chase Bryant recorded a cover","title":"Better Man (Little Big Town song)"},{"id":"5401239","text":"of its theme parks and the third overall film based on an attraction following the television film \"Tower of Terror\" and the theatrically-released \"Mission to Mars\". Its world premiere was on July 21, 2002 at the El Capitan Theater in Hollywood, California. After that, it was released to theaters nationwide on July 26, 2002 and was a box office failure, grossing only $18 million of its $35 million budget. The Country Bears are an all-bear country rock band who have disbanded in 1991 after years of popularity. Beary Barrington (voiced by Haley Joel Osment), a large admirer of the band","title":"The Country Bears"},{"id":"19001348","text":"promotional single and charted at number 37 on the Hot Country Songs chart. It debuted at number 53 on the U.S. Billboard Country Airplay chart for the week of September 7, 2015, a week before its official release to radio. The song debuted on the Country Airplay chart at number 53 for the week ending September 19, 2015. It peaked at #12 on that chart for the week ending January 30, 2016, holding that position for three non-consecutive weeks. Country Nation \"Country Nation\" is a song recorded by the American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released on September","title":"Country Nation"},{"id":"6933140","text":"200 chart. The song remains popular today. It came in at #18 on the \"Top 100 Singles\" chart in Billboard's 100th Anniversary issue and it is well over the 300,000 mark on the iTunes Store, where it once held #9 on their \"Top Soundtrack\" chart. Bickler also can be heard on other Survivor singles including \"Somewhere In America\", \"Rebel Girl\", \"Poor Man's Son\", \"Summer Nights\", \"The One That Really Matters\", \"American Heartbeat\", \"Caught In The Game\", and \"Ever Since the World Began\" (this song has a version that was featured on the \"Lock Up\" movie soundtrack with the voice of","title":"Dave Bickler"},{"id":"10357139","text":"when\" the children were young after they are grown. \"Billboard\" called the single \"the most poignant, well written country song to hit the format in a long time.\" \"Remember When\" debuted at number 45 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of November 8, 2003, and reached number one on the chart. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on January 31, 2005, and has sold 1,571,000 copies in the United States as of November 2016. The music video was directed by Trey Fanjoy and was released in January 2004. Remember When (Alan Jackson","title":"Remember When (Alan Jackson song)"},{"id":"19899704","text":"faced Brazil for the third year in a row, this time in a one-off test match. Germany later went on to face Chile and the United States, in what were historic first ever matches between the respective nations. Brazil also faced historic opposition, playing Belgium and Spain for the first time. Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes 2017 end-of-year rugby union internationals The 2017 end-of-year rugby union internationals, also known as the November internationals,","title":"2017 end-of-year rugby union internationals"},{"id":"4492208","text":"No.1 in France hitlist after the win from FIFA World Cup French Team. Diana Ross' version from her 1995 album, \"Take Me Higher\", peaked at #14 on the UK and European charts. In the United States, it peaked at #37 on the \"Billboard\" Dance Music Charts. Ross also performed it during her celebrated Super Bowl XXX halftime show in 1996. However, the song has also been covered by many other musicians: Gladys Knight & The Pips covered this song in the 1981 album 'Touch'. Conan O'Brien has covered this song at some of his live shows, with lyrics altered to","title":"I Will Survive"},{"id":"1878796","text":"Barclaycard back in the '90s. Released theatrically in the United States on July 18, 2003, the film met with mixed reviews from critics but was commercially successful, having grossed $160 million worldwide against a budget of $40 million. The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11, 2003 and topped the country's box office for the next three weekends, before being overtaken by \"X2\". Due to its commercial success, it was followed by two sequels, \"Johnny English Reborn\" and \"Johnny English Strikes Again\" in 2011 and 2018, respectively. Johnny English is a kindhearted but inept MI7 secret agent","title":"Johnny English"},{"id":"10078701","text":"month, the song became the country's No. 1 song thus paving the way for a national tour for the Introvoys. Culled from the same album are certified No. 1 singles such as \"Calling All Nations\", \"Maynila\" and \"Lullabye\", among many others. Their second album sealed Introvoys' status in the mainstream. Born from this album were songs that are now classified as standard hits. These songs are \"Will I Survive\", \"Di Na Ko Aasa Pa\", \"Binibini\" and \"Are You Happy\". Eventually, the album shot to quadruple platinum status earning the Introvoys the tagged \"the No. 1 Band in the Land!\". In","title":"Ira Cruz"},{"id":"3832782","text":"of the longest in Cellar Door history. They recorded it in New York City in January 1971. \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\" appeared on the LP \"Poems, Prayers & Promises\" and was released as a 45 in the spring of 1971. Original pressings credited the single to \"John Denver with Fat City\". It broke nationally in mid-April but moved up the charts very slowly. After several weeks, RCA Records called John and told him that they were giving up on the single. His response: \"No! Keep working on it!\" They did, and the single went to number 1 on the","title":"Take Me Home, Country Roads"},{"id":"13351311","text":"while peaking at #55 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as #2 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. The final single was \"Our Love Will Survive\", released in 1983, including the B-Side \"You Put the Beat in my Heart\" from Rabbitt's \"Greatest Hits Volume II\" compilation. It was not a commercial success. The \"Radio Romance\" album reached #5 on the American Top Country Albums chart, as well as #31 on the Billboard 200. The song \"Years After You\" was written by Thom Schuyler, and would later be recorded by American country music artist John Conlee in 1984, who","title":"Radio Romance (album)"},{"id":"12543197","text":"Country Boy (Alan Jackson song) \"Country Boy\" is a song composed and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It is the third single from his album \"Good Time\", having been released in September 2008. In January 2009, \"Country Boy\" became his twenty-fifth Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts, as well as the third straight Number One from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo backed mainly by electric guitar. In it, the male narrator addresses a female, inviting her to climb up into his four-wheel drive truck and telling her that he can take","title":"Country Boy (Alan Jackson song)"},{"id":"18464760","text":"mix of the rebel without a cause and the country boy next door.\" The song first appeared on the Country Airplay chart on January 24, 2015. It debuted on the Hot Country Songs at No. 50 for chart dated March 14, 2015, and \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at No. 91 on chart date June 16, 2015. It peaked on the Hot 100 at No. 55 the chart date of August 29, 2015, and on Hot Country Songs at No. 8 for the chart date of September 5, 2015. On September 5, \"Young & Crazy\" also reached the top of the Country","title":"Young & Crazy"},{"id":"19748180","text":"released to urban contemporary radio on December 6, 2016, as the album's third single. The song peaked at number 16 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Reminder\" was released to rhythmic contemporary radio on May 9, 2017, as the album's fourth single in the United States. The song peaked at number 31 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Rockin'\" was released to contemporary hit radio in France on May 9, 2017, as the album's fourth international single. The song peaked at number 44 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Die for You\" was released to rhythmic contemporary radio on September","title":"Starboy (album)"},{"id":"16500324","text":"Furtado. The song was released as a promotional single in the United States in early January, and as a single worldwide on January 24, 2011. The single made its chart debut on the Canadian Hot 100 at #67, before peaking at #14. It notably topped the New Zealand charts and peaked at #92 on the Billboard Hot 100. \"Nothing to Lose\", featuring American hip-hop artist Nas, was released as the second single from \"More Beautiful Than Silence\" on February 1, 2012. \"Hurt Me Tomorrow\" was released as the album's first official single on May 1, 2012, notably the album's original","title":"Country, God or the Girl"},{"id":"5354686","text":"Elton John hit \"Your Song\" cracked the top 40 in the U.K reaching #38. Paul released \"Only the Strong Survive\" in 1977 and it proved to be his final charting album reaching #152 on the Pop chart and #36 Soul. The LP's title track was the first single reaching #68 on the Soul chart and #33 in the UK. The next time Paul's voice would be heard during the summer of 1977 was on the track \"Let's Clean Up the Ghetto\" featuring the \"Philadelphia International All-Stars\": Billy Paul, Lou Rawls, Archie Bell, Teddy Pendergrass, Dee Dee Sharp Gamble, and Eddie","title":"Billy Paul"},{"id":"12543201","text":"that were Number Ones during that timespan). Country Boy (Alan Jackson song) \"Country Boy\" is a song composed and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It is the third single from his album \"Good Time\", having been released in September 2008. In January 2009, \"Country Boy\" became his twenty-fifth Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts, as well as the third straight Number One from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo backed mainly by electric guitar. In it, the male narrator addresses a female, inviting her to climb up into his four-wheel drive truck","title":"Country Boy (Alan Jackson song)"},{"id":"18646409","text":"British Columbia, at Craigdarroch Castle, announced by the studios. Filming wrapped a month later on April 12, 2015. On February 25, 2015, STX Entertainment acquired the US rights to the film and set the film for a February 5, 2016 release, but in March 2015 the film was moved up to January 22, 2016. \"The Boy\" grossed $35.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $32.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $68.2 million, against a production budget of $10 million. The film was released in the United States on January 22, 2016, alongside \"Dirty Grandpa\"","title":"The Boy (2016 film)"},{"id":"7761628","text":"Country Singles chart. The second single from the album, \"In the Ghetto\", was released in June 1969 and peaked at No. 50 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and No. 12 in Canada on the \"RPM\" Top Country Singles chart. \"My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy\" was released as the third single in September 1969 and it peaked at No. 45 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and No. 22 in Canada on the \"RPM\" Top Country Singles chart. Adapted from the album line notes. Album Singles My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy","title":"My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy"},{"id":"19596232","text":"April 6, the single had climbed from 64 in the Hot 100 to 56. His album \"Country Boy Goes to Town\" was a special merit pick in the June 1 edition of \"Billboard\". It was reported in the June 29 edition of \"Billboard\", following Festival Records exec director Frederick C. Marks signing a 5-year deal with A&M, the album was going to be rush released in Australia. In March 1964, the single \"Guess Who\" which was written by JoAnn Belvin was released. It was backed with \"One More Time For The Poor Man\", which was written by Sonny Knight and","title":"George McCurn"},{"id":"15471742","text":"on 17 March 2011, with the track listing revealed the following week. \"Cold\" was the first song from the album to be performed live, when Hughes played an acoustic arrangement of the track on a Spanish radio station on 11 April. The first song to be released from the album was \"The Outsider\", which was premiered on British radio station Planet Rock on 5 May. The track was later made available as a free digital download on the band's official website. \"Man in the Middle\" was released on 6 June, with a music video directed by Davin Maske. \"Black Country","title":"Black Country Communion 2"},{"id":"1466613","text":"Neil Diamond), and \"Country Boy (You Got Your Feet in L.A.)\" (U.S. number 11). \"Rhinestone Cowboy\" was Campbell's largest-selling single and one of his best-known recordings, initially with over 2 million copies sold. Campbell had heard songwriter Larry Weiss' version while on tour of Australia in 1974. Both songs were in the October 4, 1975, Hot 100 top 10. \"Rhinestone Cowboy\" continues to be used in TV shows and films, including \"Desperate Housewives\", \"Daddy Day Care\", and \"High School High\". It was the inspiration for the 1984 Dolly Parton/Sylvester Stallone movie \"Rhinestone\". The main phrase of Campbell's recording was included","title":"Glen Campbell"},{"id":"9655261","text":"appeared alongside Gwyneth Paltrow and Tim McGraw in the 2010 film \"Country Strong\". In September 2017, White was diagnosed with cancer. Exploratory surgery in October 2017 revealed advanced peritoneal cancer. She died in Nashville, Tennessee, on January 23, 2018, at the age of 52. She was survived by her husband, songwriter Chuck Cannon, and three children. Lari White Lari Michele White Cannon (; May 13, 1965 – January 23, 2018) was an American country music artist and actress. She first gained national attention in 1988 as a winner on \"You Can Be a Star\", a talent competition which aired on","title":"Lari White"},{"id":"4955413","text":"named \"Billboard\" magazine's \"Network/Syndicated Program of the Year: Country\" from 1987 to 2002. Kingsley twice won the Country Music Association's National Broadcast Personality of the Year award (in 2001 and 2003). When \"ACC\" premiered in October 1973, it aired on just 45 stations. Today, the show is heard on more than 1,000 radio stations in the United States and worldwide, and can be heard on the Armed Forces Radio Network. \"ACC\" is produced and distributed by Cumulus Media Networks; since 2007, the program has been distributed via Cumulus' Today's Best Country satellite network and, since 2013, on most Nash FM","title":"American Country Countdown"},{"id":"16841341","text":"In 1973, West's popular jingle used by \"The Coca-Cola Company\" entitled \"Country Sunshine\" was given clearance for a single release. It became West's biggest hit to date, reaching #2 on the Hot Country Singles chart and #49 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It also nominated her for an eleventh Grammy award. After another top ten country hit with \"Last Time I Saw Him\" (1974), West's chart hits declined and she was dropped from RCA in 1976. After moving to United Artists Records in 1976, West's first label release, \"When It's Just You and Me\", became a top twenty country hit.","title":"Dottie West singles discography"},{"id":"16982312","text":"It went on to be a Top 10 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and a Top 20 hit on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay charts, and was certified Gold by the RIAA. On January 13, 2015, RaeLynn released an EP through Valory Music Co. titled \"Me\", which debuted at No. 49 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and No. 7 on the Top Country Albums chart, with 5,500 copies sold in its first week. \"For a Boy\" was released on March 23, 2015 as RaeLynn's second single to country radio. It was less successful than its predecessor and a year","title":"RaeLynn"},{"id":"5023334","text":"Rare Pearl\", which aired on January 15, 1972. This version appears in the 1994 movie \"Crooklyn\" and on the second volume of its soundtrack album. A second major version, re-imagined as a disco record by Gloria Gaynor in 1974, was a number-nine hit on the U.S. Pop Singles chart and went to number 34 on the Soul Singles chart. The Gloria Gaynor version became one of the defining recordings of the disco era. Indeed, her version peaked at number two in the United Kingdom during January 1975, and number three in Canada, surpassing the Jackson Five's original recording in those","title":"Never Can Say Goodbye"},{"id":"1474688","text":"Had (Grey Sky Morning)\", received moderate airplay. In 2005, a remake of the song would become a top 10 country hit for Gary Allan. The band, which had been touring constantly since the album was released, continued touring until well into 2001. After taking a break, the band came back to the studio to record their follow-up, which they hoped would be released soon enough to take advantage of the huge popularity of \"Everything You Want\". Since 2001, the album is certified double Platinum by the RIAA, having sold 2,000,000 copies in the US. After some delays, it was announced","title":"Vertical Horizon"},{"id":"2478955","text":"Magazine's Best New Artist. Some of her songs such as \"Now That The Buffalo's Gone\" (1964) and \"My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying\" (1964, included on her 1966 album) addressing the mistreatment of Native Americans created a lot of controversy at the time. In 1967, she released \"Fire and Fleet and Candlelight\", which contained her interpretation of the traditional Yorkshire dialect song \"Lyke Wake Dirge\". Sainte-Marie's other well-known songs include \"Mister Can't You See\", (a Top 40 U.S. hit in 1972); \"He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo\"; and the theme song of the popular movie \"Soldier Blue\".","title":"Buffy Sainte-Marie"},{"id":"8322092","text":"Platinum on 2/16/1995 by the R.I.A.A. Album - Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (North America) Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (Johnny Cash album) Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 is, as the title implies, a greatest hits compilation by country singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records in 1971 (see 1971 in music). It combines older songs from Cash's years with Sun Records (\"Hey Porter\" and \"Folsom Prison Blues\", among others) with more recent hits, such as \"A Boy Named Sue\" from Cash's \"At San Quentin\" album and the Kris Kristofferson-penned \"Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down\". \"Big River\", one of the songs from","title":"Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (Johnny Cash album)"},{"id":"5354698","text":"As these live albums illustrate, Paul's concert set lists have been varied, containing both his own songs as well as cover versions of jazz, soul, rock, and pop tunes. For example, his September 16, 2001 Sunday afternoon show at Gloria's Seafood in Philadelphia featured: \"Billy Boy,\" \"Billy's Back Home,\" \"Just in Time,\" \"Old Folks,\" \"Sleeping Bee,\" \"Ebony Woman,\" \"Thanks for Saving My Life,\" \"Love Buddies,\" \"April in Paris/I Love Paris,\" and \"Me and Mrs. Jones.\" His show of June 12, 2011 in São Paulo, Brazil consisted of: \"Thanks for Saving My Life,\" \"I Will Survive\" (performed by backing vocalist Anna","title":"Billy Paul"},{"id":"10869121","text":"also an extended clubmix of this song on this CD. The clubmix was produced by Maas and Van der Weyde. Only the Strong Survive (song) \"Only the Strong Survive\" is a song written by Jerry Butler, Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff and originally sung in 1968 by Jerry Butler, released on his album \"The Ice Man Cometh\". It was the most successful single of his career, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was #1 for two weeks on the \"Billboard\" Black Singles Chart, in March and April 1969, respectively. \"Only the Strong Survive\" was the first of two","title":"Only the Strong Survive (song)"},{"id":"4942717","text":"three singles spawned from the album, including a Top 30 hit, \"Me and You.\" Fargo also dueted with Billy Joe Royal for her next single, \"Members Only.\" The song became a Top 25 country hit in 1987, peaking at No. 23. In 1991, she released the song \"Soldier Boy,\" a reference to the Gulf War which was going on at the time. The song was Fargo's last charting single. After several years without a full-length recording, in 1992, Fargo began work on her autobiography. In 2008, Fargo released a new single CD, \"We Can Do Better in America.\" Since having","title":"Donna Fargo"},{"id":"6090246","text":"catalog number 2486 with \"Johnny (Is the Boy For Me)\" as the flip side in May, 1953. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on June 13, 1953 and lasted 31 weeks on the chart, reaching number one on August 8 and remaining at number one for a total of 11 non-consecutive weeks. The song also reached number one on the Cash Box chart where it remained at No. 1 for five weeks. The Les Paul and Mary Ford single reached No. 7 in the UK backed with the Les Paul instrumental composition \"Deep in the Blues\" as","title":"Vaya con Dios (song)"},{"id":"18982228","text":"Country Evolution Country Evolution is the seventh studio album by the American a cappella band Home Free and third with their current lineup. It was released on September 18, 2015, with pre-orders being made available on August 21. The album includes five original songs and nine covers, including collaborations with The Oak Ridge Boys, Charlie Daniels, and Taylor Davis. The album debuted at No. 4 on the Top Country Albums chart, and No. 48 on the Billboard 200, selling 9,700 copies in its debut week in the US. The album has sold 63,200 copies in the US as of April","title":"Country Evolution"},{"id":"4955406","text":"American Country Countdown American Country Countdown, also known as ACC or American Country Countdown with Bob Kingsley, is a weekly internationally syndicated radio program which counts down the top 40 country songs of the previous week, from No. 40 to No. 1, according to the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay charts. The program premiered in 1973 and as of January 2006 is hosted by Kix Brooks. \"American Country Countdown\" was conceived as a spinoff program from \"American Top 40\", which had premiered in 1970 and showcased the week's most popular singles. The new program was a creation of Casey Kasem and Don","title":"American Country Countdown"},{"id":"1692201","text":"for their deaths. The police investigations were criticized by public and judicial sources. Both cases remain officially unsolved. Posthumously, Biggie’s \"Life After Death\" reached number one on the Billboard Top 200. Its first two singles, \"Hypnotize\" and \"Mo Money, Mo Problems\" also topped the singles charts. The album eventually sold over 10 million copies in the U.S. alone, and is one of the highest selling rap albums ever in the U.S.. In 1996, Puff Daddy had begun recording his own solo debut album. The 1st single, \"Can't Nobody Hold Me Down,\" peaked at #1 on the Rap, R&B, and pop","title":"Bad Boy Records"},{"id":"6317487","text":"Tellin' Stories Tellin' Stories is the fifth album by the British alternative rock band The Charlatans, released on 21 April 1997. It includes the final contributions of founder-member and keyboard player Rob Collins who died in a car accident midway through recording. The album was their most commercially successful, having three top ten singles, which remain their career's highest charting. The album was recorded and mixed at Monnow Valley Studio in Monmouth. \"North Country Boy\", \"One to Another\", \"How High\" and \"Only Teethin'\" were partly recorded at Rockfield Studios. All of the tracks were produced by the band and Dave","title":"Tellin' Stories"},{"id":"17090863","text":"Smith co-wrote “Rockin’ into The Night” and “Rebel Girl,” but neither song was included on the group's first album. “Rockin' into the Night\" became .38 Special's first hit single. It has appeared on multiple .38 Special albums, including the platinum-selling \"Flashback\". The Survivor non-album single \"Rebel Girl\" was covered by the Outlaws. Survivor's versions of both of these songs appeared on their 2004 greatest hits album, \"Ultimate Survivor\". Smith and Johnson were replaced in Survivor in 1981, in part because of conflicts with their other projects. Survivor went on released its first Top 40 single, \"Poor Man's Son,\" the same","title":"Gary Smith (drummer)"},{"id":"4492204","text":"sound. The song received the Grammy Award for Best Disco Recording in 1980, the only year the award was given. It is ranked #492 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of \"the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", and ranked at #97 on \"Billboard\" magazine's \"All-Time Hot 100\". In 2000, the song was ranked #1 in VH1's list of the 100 greatest dance songs. A promotional video was filmed in 1979 at the New York discothèque called Xenon. Sheila Reid-Pender of Harlem, NY is the featured skater in the video from the skating group, The Village Wizards. Although three videos were","title":"I Will Survive"},{"id":"14557038","text":"Jackson Hall. Filming also took place in Liberty, Tennessee. The film was shot in 2010 from early January to the first week of March. On December 14, 2010, the official screening took place at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in Beverly Hills, California. It was attended by the film's stars and included Tim McGraw, Gwyneth Paltrow, Leighton Meester, Garrett Hedlund, and many other stars of Hollywood and country music. In the United States, the film received a wide release on January 7, 2011. \"Country Strong\" has received mixed to negative reviews. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that","title":"Country Strong"},{"id":"19980343","text":"strict vocal rest, with Marc E. Bassy eventually going on a solo US tour in March 2018. On October 24, 2017, \"Meant to Be\" was released as the second single from the EP with a music video premiering on the day before. The song debuted at number one on the Hot Country Songs chart, becoming Rexha's first number one on the chart and the longest-running number-one single in the chart's history. It also peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it Rexha's highest-charting single on the chart. Credits taken from Qobuz and ASCAP. Notes Sample credits Credits","title":"All Your Fault: Pt. 2"},{"id":"15521990","text":"Jesus Was a Country Boy \"'Jesus Was a Country Boy\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released in July 2004 as the third and final single from his album \"A Few Questions\". It peaked at #31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks in 2004. The song was written by Walker and Rivers Rutherford. In an interview with \"CMT\", Walker stated \"Jesus Was a Country Boy\" was meant to be twofold—tongue-in-cheek for one, but there is a pretty deep meaning to it. The song is written in a more light-hearted","title":"Jesus Was a Country Boy"},{"id":"6317489","text":"the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". \"Tellin' Stories\" charted at number 1 in Scotland and the UK, number 35 in Sweden and number 37 in Norway. It was certified silver and then gold in the month of its release, before subsequently reaching platinum status in January 1998. \"One to Another\" charted at number 1 in Scotland, number 3 in the UK, number 25 in Ireland and number 59 in Sweden. \"North Country Boy\" charted at number 1 in Scotland and number 4 in the UK. \"How High\" charted at number 3 in Scotland and number 6","title":"Tellin' Stories"},{"id":"4849918","text":"Us?\", \"Full Moon\" and \"He Is\". In June 1998, Norwood released her second album \"Never Say Never\". Boosted by the success of its number-one lead single \"The Boy Is Mine\", a duet with singer Monica, it facilitated Norwood in becoming a viable recording artist with media–crossing appeal. In total, the album sold 16 million copies worldwide and spawned seven singles, including Norwood's second number-one song, the Diane Warren-penned \"Have You Ever?\". Also in 1998, Norwood made her big screen debut in a supporting role in the slasher sequel, \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\", which garnered her both","title":"Full Moon (Brandy album)"},{"id":"5435368","text":"of George Thorogood's \"I Drink Alone\" and Pat Benatar's \"Hit Me with Your Best Shot.\" The film premiered at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival and was shown at the Chicago International Film Festival before going into theatrical release in the US, where it grossed $6,422,455 in its opening weekend, ranking 5th at the box office. Budgeted at $30 million, it eventually grossed $18,337,722 in the US and $6,873,453 in foreign markets for a total worldwide box office of $25,211,175. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 69% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 162 reviews, with Theron","title":"North Country (film)"},{"id":"6209549","text":"not have a physical single release until after its airplay had peaked; The song topped the Billboard Hot Dance Music Maxi-Singles Sales chart for eight weeks. The song only reached number five on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. The single reached number one on the Hot 100 Airplay chart for five consecutive weeks and peaked at number three on the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart. In the United Kingdom, \"Survivor\" debuted at number one on the singles chart and went on to sell around 290,000 copies. It also topped the singles chart in Ireland, Netherlands, and Japan. Moreover,","title":"Survivor (Destiny's Child song)"},{"id":"18148847","text":"the chart was launched in 1990. It also debuted at No. 82 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 17 on the Hot Country Songs chart with 40,000 downloads sold in less than three full days of sales. In the following week, it reached No. 1 on the Country Digital Songs chart and No. 6 on the Hot Country Songs chart with 74,000 copies sold after a full week of sale. The song peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 2 on the Hot Country Songs chart. The song reached its millionth sales mark in October","title":"American Kids"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"10586915\",\n \"text\": \"A Country Boy Can Survive \\\"A Country Boy Can Survive\\\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. The song was released as a single in January 1982 and reached a peak of number 2 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles charts in March 1982. It is considered one of Williams' signature songs even though it never reached number one. Shortly after 9/11, Williams re-wrote and re-recorded the song with a patriotic theme under the name \\\"America Will Survive\\\"; the rewrite peaked at number 45 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country charts. In early 2007, Williams\",\n \"title\": \"A Country Boy Can Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10586916\",\n \"text\": \"re-released the original version to commemorate the 25th anniversary of its original release, in addition to creating a music video for it. This re-release peaked at number 45 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country charts. The song exalts and lists many things that detail the everyday life of country dwellers. The notable second verse mentions the narrator's relationship with a New York City businessman; despite their differing backgrounds the two become good friends and exchange gifts (\\\"he'd send me pictures of the Broadway nights/And I'd send him some homemade wine\\\"). However, the businessman is \\\"killed by a man with a switchblade knife/for\",\n \"title\": \"A Country Boy Can Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8616323\",\n \"text\": \"Hank Williams, Jr.'s signature song \\\"A Country Boy Can Survive\\\", a number 2 hit for Williams in 1981. Chad's version, which featured Williams and George Jones, was entitled \\\"A Country Boy Can Survive (Y2K Version)\\\", was re-written with lyrics pertaining to the Year 2000 problem (abbreviated Y2K). The song served as the first single from Brock's 2000 album \\\"Yes!\\\". Its second single was the title track, which went on to become Brock's only number-one \\\"Billboard\\\" hit, as well as a number 22 hit on the Hot 100 chart. The third and last single from \\\"Yes!\\\" (\\\"The Visit\\\") peaked at number\",\n \"title\": \"Chad Brock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10586917\",\n \"text\": \"$43 my friend lost his life\\\"; Williams replies that he would like to personally shoot the mugger himself, but not before \\\"(spitting) Beech-Nut in that dude's eyes\\\". (The \\\"America Will Survive\\\" remix has the businessman being a victim of the 9/11 attacks.) In late 1999, Chad Brock and George Jones collaborated with Williams to record a re-written version of the song with a Y2K theme, with lines such as \\\"If the bank machines crash, we'll be just fine.\\\" This version peaked at number 30 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country charts, and number 75 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. A Country Boy\",\n \"title\": \"A Country Boy Can Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4492201\",\n \"text\": \"I Will Survive \\\"I Will Survive\\\" is a hit song first performed by American singer Gloria Gaynor, released in October 1978. It was written by Freddie Perren and Dino Fekaris. A top-selling song after its initial release, it sold 14 million copies worldwide and has remained a popular disco anthem, as well as being certified platinum by the RIAA. The song's lyrics describe the narrator's discovery of personal strength following an initially devastating breakup. It received heavy airplay in 1979, reaching number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and on the UK Singles Chart on consecutive weeks. The song is\",\n \"title\": \"I Will Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4941705\",\n \"text\": \"frequently used the song \\\"A Country Boy Can Survive\\\" by Hank Williams, Jr. as he made his entrance towards the Octagon. At the \\\"UFC 56\\\" live broadcast, Joe Rogan said: \\\"My favorite walk-out song in all the UFC, ′A country boy can survive.′\\\" Hughes released his autobiography, \\\"Made in America: The Most Dominant Champion in UFC History\\\", co-written with Michael Malice, on January 1, 2008. The book debuted at #21 on the New York Times bestseller list. Since January 2011, Hughes is the host of hunting program Trophy Hunters TV, which airs in Outdoor Channel three times a week. The\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Hughes (fighter)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1453239\",\n \"text\": \"provided the voice of Injun Joe in Tom Sawyer. In 2001, Hank co-wrote his classic hit \\\"A Country Boy Can Survive\\\" after 9/11, renaming it \\\"America Can Survive\\\". In 2004, Williams was featured prominently on \\\"CMT Outlaws\\\". In 2006, he starred at the Summerfest concert. He has also made a cameo appearance along with Larry the Cable Guy, Kid Rock, and Charlie Daniels in Gretchen Wilson's music video for the song \\\"All Jacked Up\\\". He and Kid Rock also appeared in Wilson's \\\"Redneck Woman\\\" video. Hank also had a small part of Kid Rock's video \\\"Only God Knows Why\\\", and\",\n \"title\": \"Hank Williams Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4492202\",\n \"text\": \"also frequently recalled as a symbol of female strength and as a gay anthem. In 2016, the Library of Congress deemed Gaynor's original recording to be \\\"culturally, historically, or artistically significant\\\" and selected it for preservation in the National Recording Registry. Originally released as the B-side to a cover version of the Righteous Brothers song \\\"Substitute\\\", \\\"I Will Survive\\\" became a worldwide hit for Gaynor when disc jockeys played that side of the record instead. \\\"Substitute\\\" appeared on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart for four weeks in October–November 1978, peaking at No. 107. \\\"I Will Survive\\\" then\",\n \"title\": \"I Will Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4492221\",\n \"text\": \"meaning with the dawn of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s\\\". I Will Survive \\\"I Will Survive\\\" is a hit song first performed by American singer Gloria Gaynor, released in October 1978. It was written by Freddie Perren and Dino Fekaris. A top-selling song after its initial release, it sold 14 million copies worldwide and has remained a popular disco anthem, as well as being certified platinum by the RIAA. The song's lyrics describe the narrator's discovery of personal strength following an initially devastating breakup. It received heavy airplay in 1979, reaching number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and\",\n \"title\": \"I Will Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4492207\",\n \"text\": \"of All Time list in November 2016. In 2017 the song was ranked number 7 in \\\"Paste Magazine's\\\" The 60 Best Dancefloor Classics list. Recorded by Gloria Gaynor Billie Jo Spears' version from her 1979 album, \\\"I Will Survive\\\", peaked at #21 in the U.S. Country Chart, #9 in the Canadian Country Chart, and #47 in the UK Singles Chart. Hermes House Band covered the song in 1994, which resulted in a no.1 hit position in The Netherlands and No.2 in Belgium. In 1997 and 1998 their version reached the top ten position in France. In 2018 the band reached\",\n \"title\": \"I Will Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4302875\",\n \"text\": \"Country House \\\"Country House\\\" is a song by English alternative rock band Blur. It was released as the lead single from the band's fourth album \\\"The Great Escape\\\" on 14 August 1995. \\\"Country House\\\" was the first of two Blur singles to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart (the second being 1997's \\\"Beetlebum\\\"). The song is the band's best-selling single, with over 540,000 copies sold as of May 2014. In an interview for the \\\"South Bank Show\\\", Damon Albarn explained that it was inspired by former Blur manager Dave Balfe, who left Blur's label Food Records and bought\",\n \"title\": \"Country House\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20001356\",\n \"text\": \"first released for sale on February 17, 2017, and then to radio with an add date of March 20, 2017. The song reached No. 1 on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Country Airplay chart in September 2017, which is Lynch's fifth No. 1 on the chart. It stayed at No. 1 for four weeks on the chart. It also peaked at No. 2 on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Hot Country Songs for chart dated August 19, 2017. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on July 21, 2017, and has sold 497,000 copies in the United States as of January 2018. The music video premiered on\",\n \"title\": \"Small Town Boy (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4302880\",\n \"text\": \"and cassette single CD1 CD2 – \\\"Blur Recorded Live from Mile End Stadium\\\" All tracks recorded live at the Mile End Stadium in London on 17 June 1995. Japan CD Country House \\\"Country House\\\" is a song by English alternative rock band Blur. It was released as the lead single from the band's fourth album \\\"The Great Escape\\\" on 14 August 1995. \\\"Country House\\\" was the first of two Blur singles to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart (the second being 1997's \\\"Beetlebum\\\"). The song is the band's best-selling single, with over 540,000 copies sold as of May\",\n \"title\": \"Country House\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14557041\",\n \"text\": \"RCA Nashville. The soundtrack debuted at #16 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country Albums chart upon its release on October 26, 2010. Following the film's release in January 2011, the soundtrack rose to a new peak of #2 on that chart, as well as #6 on the all-genre \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 albums chart. The film's score was composed by Michael Brook. \\\"Coming Home\\\" by Bob DiPiero, Tom Douglas, Lindsey, Troy Verges and performed by Gwyneth Paltrow was nominated for Best Original Song at the 68th Golden Globe Awards and 83rd Academy Awards, but it lost both to \\\"You Haven't Seen The Last\",\n \"title\": \"Country Strong\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3832783\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Record World\\\" Pop Singles Chart and the \\\"Cash Box\\\" Top 100, and number 2 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, topped only by \\\"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart\\\" by The Bee Gees. On August 18, 1971, it was certified Gold by the RIAA for a million copies shipped. The song continued to sell in the digital era. As of December 2018, the song has also sold an additional 1,498,000 downloads since it became available digitally. \\\"Take Me Home, Country Roads\\\" received an enthusiastic response from West Virginians. The song is the theme song of West Virginia University and\",\n \"title\": \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3832788\",\n \"text\": \"of the Pops\\\". A cover version of the song—a collaboration between Copilot Music + Sound and the vocal group Spank—was commissioned for and featured in both the teaser and full E3 2018 trailers for the 2018 video game, \\\"Fallout 76\\\", whose plot events are set in West Virginia. Released as an iTunes-only single on July 4, 2018, the song reached #1 on the iTunes singles chart. It debuted at #41 on \\\"Billboard's\\\" Hot Country Songs chart that week and at #21 on \\\"Billboard's\\\" Country Digital Songs the following week. The official YouTube upload of the original John Denver recording, initially\",\n \"title\": \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2909671\",\n \"text\": \"The Great Escape (Blur album) The Great Escape is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Blur, released on 11 September 1995 on Food and Virgin Records. The album received near-universal acclaim from critics on release and reached number one in the UK Albums Chart. It was the band's first record to crack the US charts, reaching number 150. Less than a year after the album was released, it was certified triple platinum in the UK. The album continued the band's run of hit singles, with \\\"Country House\\\", \\\"The Universal\\\", \\\"Stereotypes\\\" and \\\"Charmless Man\\\". \\\"Country House\\\" was Blur's\",\n \"title\": \"The Great Escape (Blur album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15014733\",\n \"text\": \"34 Number Ones 34 Number Ones is the seventh greatest hits compilation album by American country artist Alan Jackson. It was released in the United States on November 23, 2010 through Arista Nashville. The release celebrates Jackson's 20-year anniversary since the release of his debut album. As of the chart dated February 26, 2011, the album has sold 200,131 copies in the US. The release includes all of Jackson's number one hits on various trade charts, from his first, \\\"Here in the Real World\\\", to his latest, \\\"Country Boy\\\". Included in the release is his cover of Johnny Cash's \\\"Ring\",\n \"title\": \"34 Number Ones\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10869119\",\n \"text\": \"Only the Strong Survive (song) \\\"Only the Strong Survive\\\" is a song written by Jerry Butler, Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff and originally sung in 1968 by Jerry Butler, released on his album \\\"The Ice Man Cometh\\\". It was the most successful single of his career, reaching #4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and was #1 for two weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Black Singles Chart, in March and April 1969, respectively. \\\"Only the Strong Survive\\\" was the first of two singles which were platinum certified by the RIAA, selling over a million copies (the second was \\\"Ain’t Understanding Mellow\\\" in\",\n \"title\": \"Only the Strong Survive (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409701\",\n \"text\": \"3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Orlando Predators season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409773\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Dallas Desperados season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12140988\",\n \"text\": \"Country Man \\\"Country Man\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It originally appeared on his 2006 self-titled EP, and was released in March 2008 as the third single from his debut album \\\"I'll Stay Me\\\". The song, like Bryan's previous two singles (\\\"All My Friends Say\\\" and \\\"We Rode in Trucks\\\"), charted in the top 40 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart. It was written by Bryan, Patrick Jason Matthews and Galen Griffin. The song is a moderate up-tempo, accompanied by fiddle and guitar. Its lyrics focus the male narrator, who is\",\n \"title\": \"Country Man\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19704324\",\n \"text\": \"released on May 5, 2017, and \\\"\\\", on December 1. \\\"Traveller\\\" and \\\"Volume 1\\\" were the best-selling country albums of 2016 and 2017, respectively. \\\"Volume 1\\\" and \\\"Volume 2\\\" both debuted at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. \\\"Traveller\\\", \\\"From A Room: Volume 1\\\", and \\\"Volume 2\\\" held the top-three spots on the Top Country Albums chart dated February 10, 2018, making Stapleton the first artist to do so since Garth Brooks in 1992. \\\"Broken Halos\\\" became his first single to top the Country Airplay chart. The following is a list with selected songs written by Stapleton and recorded by\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Stapleton discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4342872\",\n \"text\": \"Nowhere Man (song) \\\"Nowhere Man\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was released in December 1965 on their album \\\"Rubber Soul\\\", except for in the United States and Canada, where it was first issued as a single A-side in February 1966 before appearing on the album \\\"Yesterday and Today\\\". The song was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney. In the US, the single peaked at number 3 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and number 1 on the chart compiled by \\\"Record World\\\" magazine, as it did the \\\"RPM\\\" 100 chart in Canada. The\",\n \"title\": \"Nowhere Man (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4492214\",\n \"text\": \"the UK Singles Chart on 9 June 2013, and in the following week it reached number eight. In 1998, Victor Navone used the opening sequence of this song as the soundtrack of an animated video \\\"Alien Song,\\\" which was virally distributed, primarily by e-mail. Navone went on to work for Pixar. Also in 1998, the song became an anthem and gained more popularity in France when the France national football team won the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In 1999, Gaynor performed the song at the school prom on \\\"That '70s Show\\\" episode 19 \\\"Prom Night\\\" to cheer up a disheartened,\",\n \"title\": \"I Will Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10411020\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Nashville Kats season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14032703\",\n \"text\": \"Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2008. A third single, \\\"Thunder\\\", was released in 2008 to moderate chart success. All three singles were also certified Gold by RIAA, with \\\"The Great Escape\\\" later going Platinum. Their second album, \\\"Love Drunk\\\", was released on September 8, 2009. Fuelled by the success of its title track and lead single, the album debuted at #8 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and at #1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Rock Albums chart. The group earned its highest-charting single to date with \\\"Two Is Better Than One\\\", a collaboration with American country pop\",\n \"title\": \"Boys Like Girls discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19678223\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Metal Gear Solid V\\\", microtransactions, constant internet connection requirement and the departure from the general feel of previous \\\"Metal Gear\\\" games. Upon release, \\\"Metal Gear Survive\\\" received \\\"mixed or average\\\" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, the PlayStation 4 version sold 31,359 copies within its first week on sale, placing it at number three on the all format sales chart; additionally, digital sales of the game have ranked at number one on Sony's sales charts the week it was released. In the UK, \\\"Survive\\\" debuted at sixth place in the all format sales chart, selling 85% fewer copies\",\n \"title\": \"Metal Gear Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14193411\",\n \"text\": \"Outsider\\\" was released as a free digital download on the band's website in May, followed by a music video for \\\"Man in the Middle\\\" in June. The album was released on June 13 in Europe and the following day in North America, selling over 8,000 copies in its first week in the US (compared to the 7,100 units of \\\"Black Country Communion\\\") but only debuting on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart at number 71. The album was also less successful on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at number 23 (ten places lower than its predecessor). In promotion of \\\"Black Country Communion\",\n \"title\": \"Black Country Communion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15369153\",\n \"text\": \"giving Williams his fifth career Number One single, while \\\"A Country Boy Can Survive\\\" peaked at number 2. They have become signature songs for Williams and remain among the most popular of his career. The album and singles were well received by critics, earning Williams an Academy of Country Music nomination for Top Male Vocalist. It was also a major commercial success for Williams and was certified Platinum by the RIAA, making it Williams' sixth album to be certified Gold and his second to be certified Platinum. The Pressure Is On The Pressure Is On is a studio album by\",\n \"title\": \"The Pressure Is On\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7332323\",\n \"text\": \"Survive (David Bowie song) \\\"Survive\\\" is a song and single written by David Bowie and Reeves Gabrels for the album \\\"Hours\\\" in 1999. \\\"Survive\\\" was released as the third single from the album in January 2000, it reached number 28 on the UK Singles Chart.It was charachterized as a confessional highlight in a review by Rolling Stone. This version also includes the full length \\\"Survive\\\" video in QuickTime format. This version also includes a full length video in QuickTime format of the live version of \\\"Survive\\\". All tracks are from the Paris Elysée Montmartre show on October 13, 1999. A\",\n \"title\": \"Survive (David Bowie song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4492212\",\n \"text\": \"song, due to the presence of \\\"profanity\\\"). The music video of Cake's version features McCrea as a city parking enforcement officer driving around in a Cushman three-wheeled scooter as he leaves tickets on various cars. R&B singer Chantay Savage covered the song in 1996 as a ballad. Her version peaked at #24 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Diana Ross' version from her 1995 album, \\\"Take Me Higher\\\", peaked at #14 on the UK and at #3 in Iceland. In the United States, it peaked at #37 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Dance Music Charts.\",\n \"title\": \"I Will Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3832768\",\n \"text\": \"Thank God I'm a Country Boy \\\"Thank God I'm a Country Boy\\\", also known as \\\"Country Boy\\\", is a song written by John Martin Sommers and recorded by American singer/songwriter John Denver. The song was originally included on Denver's 1974 album \\\"Back Home Again\\\". A version recorded live on August 26, 1974, at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles was included on his 1975 album \\\"An Evening with John Denver\\\". The live version was released as a single and went to No. 1 on both the \\\"Billboard magazine\\\" Hot Country Singles and \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 charts. The song topped both\",\n \"title\": \"Thank God I'm a Country Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13097514\",\n \"text\": \"funding of ₤1.2 million from the UK Film Council Premier Fund, with an additional ₤35,500 from its Development Fund to create the script. The film also received a grant from Film4 (the film division of Channel 4). The film premiered in the UK on 26 December 2009. Its US release was on 8 October 2010, coinciding with that weekend's celebrations of the 70th anniversary of Lennon's birth. HanWay Films represented worldwide sales. Distributor Icon Entertainment International took the rights for the United Kingdom and Australia. Mars Distribution acquired the rights for France. The Weinstein Company distributed the film in the\",\n \"title\": \"Nowhere Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12543200\",\n \"text\": \"was won by Clay Ashley, Dan Hair, and Mark Trotter of Sioux City, Iowa. Before the official video, television network CMT aired a live music video which featured Jackson performing the song with Brad Paisley, Dierks Bentley and George Strait on the \\\"CMT Country Giants\\\" special. \\\"Country Boy\\\" peaked at Number One on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country charts in January 2009, becoming Jackson's twenty-fifth Number One on that chart and matching George Strait's record for the most Number One hits by a country artist since January 1990, when the charts were first tabulated via Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems (counting only singles\",\n \"title\": \"Country Boy (Alan Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20215522\",\n \"text\": \"2017, the majority of the supporting cast was announced. In September 2017, Joe Alwyn and Madelyn Cline joined the cast as well, and principal photography on the film began September 8, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. In April 2018, re-shoots took place. The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 1, 2018. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, first for the press and industry on September 8, 2018, and then for the public on September 11, 12, and 15. The film was initially scheduled for release on September 28, 2018, but was pushed\",\n \"title\": \"Boy Erased\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10416126\",\n \"text\": \"Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Utah Blaze season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3832772\",\n \"text\": \"Take Me Home, Country Roads \\\"Take Me Home, Country Roads\\\", also known as \\\"Take Me Home\\\" or \\\"Country Roads\\\", is a song written by Bill Danoff, Taffy Nivert, and John Denver about the state of West Virginia. It was released as a single performed by Denver on April 12, 1971, peaking at number 2 on \\\"Billboard\\\"s US Hot 100 singles for the week ending August 28, 1971. The song was a success on its initial release and was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 18, 1971, and Platinum on April 10, 2017. The song became one of John Denver's\",\n \"title\": \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15955136\",\n \"text\": \"is about as country as \\\"Wanted Dead or Alive\\\" anyway. The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in mid-2011. Filmed at the Tennessee State Prison. The song debuted on the Hot Country Songs chart at No. 44 for the chart date April 23, 2011, and eventually reached No. 1 on that chart on December 3, 2011. It debuted on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 at No. 100 on July 9, 2011, eventually reaching No. 50 the same week it reach No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart. The song was certified Platinum by the RIAA on March\",\n \"title\": \"Country Must Be Country Wide\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10869120\",\n \"text\": \"1972). Elvis Presley (1969) and Billy Paul (1977) also recorded versions of this song. In the UK, Billy Paul's version was released on the Philadelphia International label (PIR 5699). It entered the singles charts on November 17, 1977, had a chart life of seven weeks & a peak position of No. 33. Another version of this song was recorded by The Trammps in the Netherlands in 2003. It sounds very similar to Billy Paul's version. The song appears on the compilation album \\\"Only The Strong Survive\\\" (Sony), which oddly enough shows the remaining four group members on the cover. There's\",\n \"title\": \"Only the Strong Survive (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"159101\",\n \"text\": \"herself singing the song on Twitter on August 30, 2017. Gloria Gaynor Gloria Gaynor (born September 7, 1949) is an American singer, best known for the disco era hits \\\"I Will Survive\\\" (Hot 100 number 1, 1979), \\\"Never Can Say Goodbye\\\" (Hot 100 number 9, 1974), \\\"Let Me Know (I Have a Right)\\\" (Hot 100 number 42, 1980) and \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" (R&B number 82, 1983). Gloria Fowles was born in 1949 in Newark, New Jersey, to Daniel Fowles and Queenie Mae Proctor. Her grandmother lived nearby and was involved in her upbringing. \\\"There was always music in\",\n \"title\": \"Gloria Gaynor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16243802\",\n \"text\": \"number one on the Country Airplay charts. \\\"Seein' Red\\\" was released on July 11, 2016 as the lead single from Lynch's forthcoming third studio album \\\"Current Mood\\\". It hit number one on the Country Airplay chart for the week dated February 25, 2017. \\\"Small Town Boy\\\" was released on March 20, 2017 as the second single. On September 18, 2018 he was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry Tours: Tour dates in 2018-2019 years Dustin Lynch Dustin Charles Lynch (born May 14, 1985) is an American country music singer and songwriter, signed to Broken Bow Records. Lynch has released three\",\n \"title\": \"Dustin Lynch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19705565\",\n \"text\": \"of January 24, 2017. \\\"Yeah Boy\\\" has since become Ballerini's highest-charting country music single in Canada, reaching number two on the chart in April 2017. It also debuted at number 18 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart for the week of January 24, 2017. It also debuted at number 91 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 for the week of March 27, 2017. The song has sold 195,000 copies in the US as of May 2017. \\\"Yeah Boy\\\" peaked at #3 on the Country Airplay chart, got beat by Sam Hunt's 3-week number one single, \\\"Body\",\n \"title\": \"Yeah Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409878\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th\",\n \"title\": \"2007 New York Dragons season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4637400\",\n \"text\": \"The album was released on September 22, 2017 through Hopeless Records. On August 10, 2017, the band released its second music video single \\\"Rites of Investiture\\\". On August 30, 2017, they released their third and title track single \\\"The Amulet\\\". Shortly before the LP's release on September 14, 2017, the band released its final music video single \\\"Premonition of the Hex\\\". The band announced a co-headlining tour with Thrice, accompanied by Balance and Composure and Chon, across North America beginning in San Jose on November 2. In October 2018 the band released two songs called \\\"Dark Pools\\\" and \\\"Flesh and\",\n \"title\": \"Circa Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20181168\",\n \"text\": \"song that will connect with every father (or any parent) who is watching his children grow up too fast right before his eyes\\\", while also praising the \\\"gentle, lilting acoustic bed track\\\" and Brice's singing voice. The song peaked at No. 14 on the US \\\"Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week dated March 10, 2018. It has sold 256,000 copies in the United States as of April 2018. Boy (Lee Brice song) \\\"Boy\\\" is a song written by Nicolle Galyon and Jon Nite and recorded by American country music singer Lee Brice. It was released in June 2017\",\n \"title\": \"Boy (Lee Brice song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3168690\",\n \"text\": \"McShane wrote the lyrics to some of their songs, such as the single \\\"Survivor in Love\\\". After the release of \\\"Survivor in Love\\\", with no label support of a follow up album and due to its poor success, Bassi decided it was time to move on to other projects and Baltimora disbanded. The single \\\"Tarzan Boy\\\" bounced back into the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart in March 1993 as a remix, climbing to No. 51, at the time of its appearance in a Listerine commercial. The song was also featured in the films \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\\\" (1993), \\\"Beverly Hills\",\n \"title\": \"Jimmy McShane\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3135546\",\n \"text\": \"band's own label TML Entertainment (formerly known as TRC Records). Progressions of Power Progressions of Power is the fourth studio album by Canadian hard rock band Triumph, released in 1980. The album reached number 32 on the Billboard 200 and the single \\\"I Can Survive\\\" hit number 91 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1980. The single \\\"I Live for the Weekend\\\", though not a success in the band's home country, gave them their only charting single in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number 59. The album was re-released in 1985 on MCA Records, then on TRC Records\",\n \"title\": \"Progressions of Power\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19447920\",\n \"text\": \"at number 55 the week of September 17, remaining on the chart for seventeen weeks. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 6, 2016, and has sold 351,000 copies in the United States as of September 2016. In Canada, the song debuted at number 99 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart dated July 30, 2016 but left the next week. It made a reappearance on the week of August 13 at number 90 and reached number 88 the week after, staying on the chart for eight weeks. The song garnered Gold certification from Music Canada on September\",\n \"title\": \"American Country Love Song\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7332324\",\n \"text\": \"promo version and a 7\\\" vinyl version with the same track list as the \\\"International CD version 1\\\" was also released. Survive (David Bowie song) \\\"Survive\\\" is a song and single written by David Bowie and Reeves Gabrels for the album \\\"Hours\\\" in 1999. \\\"Survive\\\" was released as the third single from the album in January 2000, it reached number 28 on the UK Singles Chart.It was charachterized as a confessional highlight in a review by Rolling Stone. This version also includes the full length \\\"Survive\\\" video in QuickTime format. This version also includes a full length video in QuickTime\",\n \"title\": \"Survive (David Bowie song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10890694\",\n \"text\": \"country), because she thought it would make a better stage name. As a teenager, Holland moved to Los Angeles, California, in hope of making a career as a singer-songwriter. At the age of 15 she auditioned for the Beach Boys' Brother Records, but after the company folded, she signed with Capitol Records instead. Holland's eponymous debut studio album, produced by the Doobie Brothers' former lead singer Michael McDonald, was released in 1980 and featured the hit \\\"How Do I Survive\\\", which peaked at No. 22 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart. Her second studio album titled \\\"On Your Every\",\n \"title\": \"Amy Holland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4698197\",\n \"text\": \"the first (\\\"Anthology\\\") being a 30-year retrospective and the second (\\\"Where a Country Boy Belongs\\\") being a collection of the band's country songs. In 2004, they released another studio album, \\\"Beyond the Horizon\\\", and the following year released a Christmas album, \\\"Carolina Christmas\\\". \\\"Can't You See\\\" was used for the opening and closing credits of the Kevin Costner 2008 motion picture \\\"Swing Vote\\\". \\\"Take the Highway\\\" was also used in the movie. \\\"Can't You See\\\" is also used in the 2001 film \\\"Blow\\\", and the 2017 film \\\"I, Tonya\\\". The band has incorporated throughout its career elements of diverse genres\",\n \"title\": \"The Marshall Tucker Band\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19803815\",\n \"text\": \"third leader. It spent two weeks at No. 1 before being dethroned by \\\"Body Like A Back Road\\\" by Sam Hunt. The song was certified platinum in the United States by the RIAA on August 23, 2017. The song has sold 772,000 copies in the United States as of February 2018. On February 4, 2017, Taylor Swift performed it at Club Nomadic in Houston as part of the DirecTV Special, Super Saturday Night. She also performed on August 25, 2018 at her Reputation Tour stop at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, TN. On February 15, 2017, Chase Bryant recorded a cover\",\n \"title\": \"Better Man (Little Big Town song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5401239\",\n \"text\": \"of its theme parks and the third overall film based on an attraction following the television film \\\"Tower of Terror\\\" and the theatrically-released \\\"Mission to Mars\\\". Its world premiere was on July 21, 2002 at the El Capitan Theater in Hollywood, California. After that, it was released to theaters nationwide on July 26, 2002 and was a box office failure, grossing only $18 million of its $35 million budget. The Country Bears are an all-bear country rock band who have disbanded in 1991 after years of popularity. Beary Barrington (voiced by Haley Joel Osment), a large admirer of the band\",\n \"title\": \"The Country Bears\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19001348\",\n \"text\": \"promotional single and charted at number 37 on the Hot Country Songs chart. It debuted at number 53 on the U.S. Billboard Country Airplay chart for the week of September 7, 2015, a week before its official release to radio. The song debuted on the Country Airplay chart at number 53 for the week ending September 19, 2015. It peaked at #12 on that chart for the week ending January 30, 2016, holding that position for three non-consecutive weeks. Country Nation \\\"Country Nation\\\" is a song recorded by the American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released on September\",\n \"title\": \"Country Nation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6933140\",\n \"text\": \"200 chart. The song remains popular today. It came in at #18 on the \\\"Top 100 Singles\\\" chart in Billboard's 100th Anniversary issue and it is well over the 300,000 mark on the iTunes Store, where it once held #9 on their \\\"Top Soundtrack\\\" chart. Bickler also can be heard on other Survivor singles including \\\"Somewhere In America\\\", \\\"Rebel Girl\\\", \\\"Poor Man's Son\\\", \\\"Summer Nights\\\", \\\"The One That Really Matters\\\", \\\"American Heartbeat\\\", \\\"Caught In The Game\\\", and \\\"Ever Since the World Began\\\" (this song has a version that was featured on the \\\"Lock Up\\\" movie soundtrack with the voice of\",\n \"title\": \"Dave Bickler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10357139\",\n \"text\": \"when\\\" the children were young after they are grown. \\\"Billboard\\\" called the single \\\"the most poignant, well written country song to hit the format in a long time.\\\" \\\"Remember When\\\" debuted at number 45 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of November 8, 2003, and reached number one on the chart. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on January 31, 2005, and has sold 1,571,000 copies in the United States as of November 2016. The music video was directed by Trey Fanjoy and was released in January 2004. Remember When (Alan Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Remember When (Alan Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19899704\",\n \"text\": \"faced Brazil for the third year in a row, this time in a one-off test match. Germany later went on to face Chile and the United States, in what were historic first ever matches between the respective nations. Brazil also faced historic opposition, playing Belgium and Spain for the first time. Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes 2017 end-of-year rugby union internationals The 2017 end-of-year rugby union internationals, also known as the November internationals,\",\n \"title\": \"2017 end-of-year rugby union internationals\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4492208\",\n \"text\": \"No.1 in France hitlist after the win from FIFA World Cup French Team. Diana Ross' version from her 1995 album, \\\"Take Me Higher\\\", peaked at #14 on the UK and European charts. In the United States, it peaked at #37 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Dance Music Charts. Ross also performed it during her celebrated Super Bowl XXX halftime show in 1996. However, the song has also been covered by many other musicians: Gladys Knight & The Pips covered this song in the 1981 album 'Touch'. Conan O'Brien has covered this song at some of his live shows, with lyrics altered to\",\n \"title\": \"I Will Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1878796\",\n \"text\": \"Barclaycard back in the '90s. Released theatrically in the United States on July 18, 2003, the film met with mixed reviews from critics but was commercially successful, having grossed $160 million worldwide against a budget of $40 million. The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11, 2003 and topped the country's box office for the next three weekends, before being overtaken by \\\"X2\\\". Due to its commercial success, it was followed by two sequels, \\\"Johnny English Reborn\\\" and \\\"Johnny English Strikes Again\\\" in 2011 and 2018, respectively. Johnny English is a kindhearted but inept MI7 secret agent\",\n \"title\": \"Johnny English\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10078701\",\n \"text\": \"month, the song became the country's No. 1 song thus paving the way for a national tour for the Introvoys. Culled from the same album are certified No. 1 singles such as \\\"Calling All Nations\\\", \\\"Maynila\\\" and \\\"Lullabye\\\", among many others. Their second album sealed Introvoys' status in the mainstream. Born from this album were songs that are now classified as standard hits. These songs are \\\"Will I Survive\\\", \\\"Di Na Ko Aasa Pa\\\", \\\"Binibini\\\" and \\\"Are You Happy\\\". Eventually, the album shot to quadruple platinum status earning the Introvoys the tagged \\\"the No. 1 Band in the Land!\\\". In\",\n \"title\": \"Ira Cruz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3832782\",\n \"text\": \"of the longest in Cellar Door history. They recorded it in New York City in January 1971. \\\"Take Me Home, Country Roads\\\" appeared on the LP \\\"Poems, Prayers & Promises\\\" and was released as a 45 in the spring of 1971. Original pressings credited the single to \\\"John Denver with Fat City\\\". It broke nationally in mid-April but moved up the charts very slowly. After several weeks, RCA Records called John and told him that they were giving up on the single. His response: \\\"No! Keep working on it!\\\" They did, and the single went to number 1 on the\",\n \"title\": \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13351311\",\n \"text\": \"while peaking at #55 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as #2 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. The final single was \\\"Our Love Will Survive\\\", released in 1983, including the B-Side \\\"You Put the Beat in my Heart\\\" from Rabbitt's \\\"Greatest Hits Volume II\\\" compilation. It was not a commercial success. The \\\"Radio Romance\\\" album reached #5 on the American Top Country Albums chart, as well as #31 on the Billboard 200. The song \\\"Years After You\\\" was written by Thom Schuyler, and would later be recorded by American country music artist John Conlee in 1984, who\",\n \"title\": \"Radio Romance (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12543197\",\n \"text\": \"Country Boy (Alan Jackson song) \\\"Country Boy\\\" is a song composed and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It is the third single from his album \\\"Good Time\\\", having been released in September 2008. In January 2009, \\\"Country Boy\\\" became his twenty-fifth Number One hit on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country singles charts, as well as the third straight Number One from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo backed mainly by electric guitar. In it, the male narrator addresses a female, inviting her to climb up into his four-wheel drive truck and telling her that he can take\",\n \"title\": \"Country Boy (Alan Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18464760\",\n \"text\": \"mix of the rebel without a cause and the country boy next door.\\\" The song first appeared on the Country Airplay chart on January 24, 2015. It debuted on the Hot Country Songs at No. 50 for chart dated March 14, 2015, and \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 at No. 91 on chart date June 16, 2015. It peaked on the Hot 100 at No. 55 the chart date of August 29, 2015, and on Hot Country Songs at No. 8 for the chart date of September 5, 2015. On September 5, \\\"Young & Crazy\\\" also reached the top of the Country\",\n \"title\": \"Young & Crazy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19748180\",\n \"text\": \"released to urban contemporary radio on December 6, 2016, as the album's third single. The song peaked at number 16 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Reminder\\\" was released to rhythmic contemporary radio on May 9, 2017, as the album's fourth single in the United States. The song peaked at number 31 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Rockin'\\\" was released to contemporary hit radio in France on May 9, 2017, as the album's fourth international single. The song peaked at number 44 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Die for You\\\" was released to rhythmic contemporary radio on September\",\n \"title\": \"Starboy (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16500324\",\n \"text\": \"Furtado. The song was released as a promotional single in the United States in early January, and as a single worldwide on January 24, 2011. The single made its chart debut on the Canadian Hot 100 at #67, before peaking at #14. It notably topped the New Zealand charts and peaked at #92 on the Billboard Hot 100. \\\"Nothing to Lose\\\", featuring American hip-hop artist Nas, was released as the second single from \\\"More Beautiful Than Silence\\\" on February 1, 2012. \\\"Hurt Me Tomorrow\\\" was released as the album's first official single on May 1, 2012, notably the album's original\",\n \"title\": \"Country, God or the Girl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5354686\",\n \"text\": \"Elton John hit \\\"Your Song\\\" cracked the top 40 in the U.K reaching #38. Paul released \\\"Only the Strong Survive\\\" in 1977 and it proved to be his final charting album reaching #152 on the Pop chart and #36 Soul. The LP's title track was the first single reaching #68 on the Soul chart and #33 in the UK. The next time Paul's voice would be heard during the summer of 1977 was on the track \\\"Let's Clean Up the Ghetto\\\" featuring the \\\"Philadelphia International All-Stars\\\": Billy Paul, Lou Rawls, Archie Bell, Teddy Pendergrass, Dee Dee Sharp Gamble, and Eddie\",\n \"title\": \"Billy Paul\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12543201\",\n \"text\": \"that were Number Ones during that timespan). Country Boy (Alan Jackson song) \\\"Country Boy\\\" is a song composed and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It is the third single from his album \\\"Good Time\\\", having been released in September 2008. In January 2009, \\\"Country Boy\\\" became his twenty-fifth Number One hit on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country singles charts, as well as the third straight Number One from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo backed mainly by electric guitar. In it, the male narrator addresses a female, inviting her to climb up into his four-wheel drive truck\",\n \"title\": \"Country Boy (Alan Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18646409\",\n \"text\": \"British Columbia, at Craigdarroch Castle, announced by the studios. Filming wrapped a month later on April 12, 2015. On February 25, 2015, STX Entertainment acquired the US rights to the film and set the film for a February 5, 2016 release, but in March 2015 the film was moved up to January 22, 2016. \\\"The Boy\\\" grossed $35.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $32.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $68.2 million, against a production budget of $10 million. The film was released in the United States on January 22, 2016, alongside \\\"Dirty Grandpa\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Boy (2016 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7761628\",\n \"text\": \"Country Singles chart. The second single from the album, \\\"In the Ghetto\\\", was released in June 1969 and peaked at No. 50 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart and No. 12 in Canada on the \\\"RPM\\\" Top Country Singles chart. \\\"My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy\\\" was released as the third single in September 1969 and it peaked at No. 45 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart and No. 22 in Canada on the \\\"RPM\\\" Top Country Singles chart. Adapted from the album line notes. Album Singles My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy\",\n \"title\": \"My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19596232\",\n \"text\": \"April 6, the single had climbed from 64 in the Hot 100 to 56. His album \\\"Country Boy Goes to Town\\\" was a special merit pick in the June 1 edition of \\\"Billboard\\\". It was reported in the June 29 edition of \\\"Billboard\\\", following Festival Records exec director Frederick C. Marks signing a 5-year deal with A&M, the album was going to be rush released in Australia. In March 1964, the single \\\"Guess Who\\\" which was written by JoAnn Belvin was released. It was backed with \\\"One More Time For The Poor Man\\\", which was written by Sonny Knight and\",\n \"title\": \"George McCurn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15471742\",\n \"text\": \"on 17 March 2011, with the track listing revealed the following week. \\\"Cold\\\" was the first song from the album to be performed live, when Hughes played an acoustic arrangement of the track on a Spanish radio station on 11 April. The first song to be released from the album was \\\"The Outsider\\\", which was premiered on British radio station Planet Rock on 5 May. The track was later made available as a free digital download on the band's official website. \\\"Man in the Middle\\\" was released on 6 June, with a music video directed by Davin Maske. \\\"Black Country\",\n \"title\": \"Black Country Communion 2\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1466613\",\n \"text\": \"Neil Diamond), and \\\"Country Boy (You Got Your Feet in L.A.)\\\" (U.S. number 11). \\\"Rhinestone Cowboy\\\" was Campbell's largest-selling single and one of his best-known recordings, initially with over 2 million copies sold. Campbell had heard songwriter Larry Weiss' version while on tour of Australia in 1974. Both songs were in the October 4, 1975, Hot 100 top 10. \\\"Rhinestone Cowboy\\\" continues to be used in TV shows and films, including \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\", \\\"Daddy Day Care\\\", and \\\"High School High\\\". It was the inspiration for the 1984 Dolly Parton/Sylvester Stallone movie \\\"Rhinestone\\\". The main phrase of Campbell's recording was included\",\n \"title\": \"Glen Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9655261\",\n \"text\": \"appeared alongside Gwyneth Paltrow and Tim McGraw in the 2010 film \\\"Country Strong\\\". In September 2017, White was diagnosed with cancer. Exploratory surgery in October 2017 revealed advanced peritoneal cancer. She died in Nashville, Tennessee, on January 23, 2018, at the age of 52. She was survived by her husband, songwriter Chuck Cannon, and three children. Lari White Lari Michele White Cannon (; May 13, 1965 – January 23, 2018) was an American country music artist and actress. She first gained national attention in 1988 as a winner on \\\"You Can Be a Star\\\", a talent competition which aired on\",\n \"title\": \"Lari White\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4955413\",\n \"text\": \"named \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine's \\\"Network/Syndicated Program of the Year: Country\\\" from 1987 to 2002. Kingsley twice won the Country Music Association's National Broadcast Personality of the Year award (in 2001 and 2003). When \\\"ACC\\\" premiered in October 1973, it aired on just 45 stations. Today, the show is heard on more than 1,000 radio stations in the United States and worldwide, and can be heard on the Armed Forces Radio Network. \\\"ACC\\\" is produced and distributed by Cumulus Media Networks; since 2007, the program has been distributed via Cumulus' Today's Best Country satellite network and, since 2013, on most Nash FM\",\n \"title\": \"American Country Countdown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16841341\",\n \"text\": \"In 1973, West's popular jingle used by \\\"The Coca-Cola Company\\\" entitled \\\"Country Sunshine\\\" was given clearance for a single release. It became West's biggest hit to date, reaching #2 on the Hot Country Singles chart and #49 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. It also nominated her for an eleventh Grammy award. After another top ten country hit with \\\"Last Time I Saw Him\\\" (1974), West's chart hits declined and she was dropped from RCA in 1976. After moving to United Artists Records in 1976, West's first label release, \\\"When It's Just You and Me\\\", became a top twenty country hit.\",\n \"title\": \"Dottie West singles discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16982312\",\n \"text\": \"It went on to be a Top 10 hit on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart and a Top 20 hit on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay charts, and was certified Gold by the RIAA. On January 13, 2015, RaeLynn released an EP through Valory Music Co. titled \\\"Me\\\", which debuted at No. 49 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, and No. 7 on the Top Country Albums chart, with 5,500 copies sold in its first week. \\\"For a Boy\\\" was released on March 23, 2015 as RaeLynn's second single to country radio. It was less successful than its predecessor and a year\",\n \"title\": \"RaeLynn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5023334\",\n \"text\": \"Rare Pearl\\\", which aired on January 15, 1972. This version appears in the 1994 movie \\\"Crooklyn\\\" and on the second volume of its soundtrack album. A second major version, re-imagined as a disco record by Gloria Gaynor in 1974, was a number-nine hit on the U.S. Pop Singles chart and went to number 34 on the Soul Singles chart. The Gloria Gaynor version became one of the defining recordings of the disco era. Indeed, her version peaked at number two in the United Kingdom during January 1975, and number three in Canada, surpassing the Jackson Five's original recording in those\",\n \"title\": \"Never Can Say Goodbye\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1474688\",\n \"text\": \"Had (Grey Sky Morning)\\\", received moderate airplay. In 2005, a remake of the song would become a top 10 country hit for Gary Allan. The band, which had been touring constantly since the album was released, continued touring until well into 2001. After taking a break, the band came back to the studio to record their follow-up, which they hoped would be released soon enough to take advantage of the huge popularity of \\\"Everything You Want\\\". Since 2001, the album is certified double Platinum by the RIAA, having sold 2,000,000 copies in the US. After some delays, it was announced\",\n \"title\": \"Vertical Horizon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2478955\",\n \"text\": \"Magazine's Best New Artist. Some of her songs such as \\\"Now That The Buffalo's Gone\\\" (1964) and \\\"My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying\\\" (1964, included on her 1966 album) addressing the mistreatment of Native Americans created a lot of controversy at the time. In 1967, she released \\\"Fire and Fleet and Candlelight\\\", which contained her interpretation of the traditional Yorkshire dialect song \\\"Lyke Wake Dirge\\\". Sainte-Marie's other well-known songs include \\\"Mister Can't You See\\\", (a Top 40 U.S. hit in 1972); \\\"He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo\\\"; and the theme song of the popular movie \\\"Soldier Blue\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Buffy Sainte-Marie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8322092\",\n \"text\": \"Platinum on 2/16/1995 by the R.I.A.A. Album - Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (North America) Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (Johnny Cash album) Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 is, as the title implies, a greatest hits compilation by country singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records in 1971 (see 1971 in music). It combines older songs from Cash's years with Sun Records (\\\"Hey Porter\\\" and \\\"Folsom Prison Blues\\\", among others) with more recent hits, such as \\\"A Boy Named Sue\\\" from Cash's \\\"At San Quentin\\\" album and the Kris Kristofferson-penned \\\"Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down\\\". \\\"Big River\\\", one of the songs from\",\n \"title\": \"Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (Johnny Cash album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5354698\",\n \"text\": \"As these live albums illustrate, Paul's concert set lists have been varied, containing both his own songs as well as cover versions of jazz, soul, rock, and pop tunes. For example, his September 16, 2001 Sunday afternoon show at Gloria's Seafood in Philadelphia featured: \\\"Billy Boy,\\\" \\\"Billy's Back Home,\\\" \\\"Just in Time,\\\" \\\"Old Folks,\\\" \\\"Sleeping Bee,\\\" \\\"Ebony Woman,\\\" \\\"Thanks for Saving My Life,\\\" \\\"Love Buddies,\\\" \\\"April in Paris/I Love Paris,\\\" and \\\"Me and Mrs. Jones.\\\" His show of June 12, 2011 in São Paulo, Brazil consisted of: \\\"Thanks for Saving My Life,\\\" \\\"I Will Survive\\\" (performed by backing vocalist Anna\",\n \"title\": \"Billy Paul\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10869121\",\n \"text\": \"also an extended clubmix of this song on this CD. The clubmix was produced by Maas and Van der Weyde. Only the Strong Survive (song) \\\"Only the Strong Survive\\\" is a song written by Jerry Butler, Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff and originally sung in 1968 by Jerry Butler, released on his album \\\"The Ice Man Cometh\\\". It was the most successful single of his career, reaching #4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and was #1 for two weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Black Singles Chart, in March and April 1969, respectively. \\\"Only the Strong Survive\\\" was the first of two\",\n \"title\": \"Only the Strong Survive (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4942717\",\n \"text\": \"three singles spawned from the album, including a Top 30 hit, \\\"Me and You.\\\" Fargo also dueted with Billy Joe Royal for her next single, \\\"Members Only.\\\" The song became a Top 25 country hit in 1987, peaking at No. 23. In 1991, she released the song \\\"Soldier Boy,\\\" a reference to the Gulf War which was going on at the time. The song was Fargo's last charting single. After several years without a full-length recording, in 1992, Fargo began work on her autobiography. In 2008, Fargo released a new single CD, \\\"We Can Do Better in America.\\\" Since having\",\n \"title\": \"Donna Fargo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6090246\",\n \"text\": \"catalog number 2486 with \\\"Johnny (Is the Boy For Me)\\\" as the flip side in May, 1953. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on June 13, 1953 and lasted 31 weeks on the chart, reaching number one on August 8 and remaining at number one for a total of 11 non-consecutive weeks. The song also reached number one on the Cash Box chart where it remained at No. 1 for five weeks. The Les Paul and Mary Ford single reached No. 7 in the UK backed with the Les Paul instrumental composition \\\"Deep in the Blues\\\" as\",\n \"title\": \"Vaya con Dios (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18982228\",\n \"text\": \"Country Evolution Country Evolution is the seventh studio album by the American a cappella band Home Free and third with their current lineup. It was released on September 18, 2015, with pre-orders being made available on August 21. The album includes five original songs and nine covers, including collaborations with The Oak Ridge Boys, Charlie Daniels, and Taylor Davis. The album debuted at No. 4 on the Top Country Albums chart, and No. 48 on the Billboard 200, selling 9,700 copies in its debut week in the US. The album has sold 63,200 copies in the US as of April\",\n \"title\": \"Country Evolution\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4955406\",\n \"text\": \"American Country Countdown American Country Countdown, also known as ACC or American Country Countdown with Bob Kingsley, is a weekly internationally syndicated radio program which counts down the top 40 country songs of the previous week, from No. 40 to No. 1, according to the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay charts. The program premiered in 1973 and as of January 2006 is hosted by Kix Brooks. \\\"American Country Countdown\\\" was conceived as a spinoff program from \\\"American Top 40\\\", which had premiered in 1970 and showcased the week's most popular singles. The new program was a creation of Casey Kasem and Don\",\n \"title\": \"American Country Countdown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1692201\",\n \"text\": \"for their deaths. The police investigations were criticized by public and judicial sources. Both cases remain officially unsolved. Posthumously, Biggie’s \\\"Life After Death\\\" reached number one on the Billboard Top 200. Its first two singles, \\\"Hypnotize\\\" and \\\"Mo Money, Mo Problems\\\" also topped the singles charts. The album eventually sold over 10 million copies in the U.S. alone, and is one of the highest selling rap albums ever in the U.S.. In 1996, Puff Daddy had begun recording his own solo debut album. The 1st single, \\\"Can't Nobody Hold Me Down,\\\" peaked at #1 on the Rap, R&B, and pop\",\n \"title\": \"Bad Boy Records\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6317487\",\n \"text\": \"Tellin' Stories Tellin' Stories is the fifth album by the British alternative rock band The Charlatans, released on 21 April 1997. It includes the final contributions of founder-member and keyboard player Rob Collins who died in a car accident midway through recording. The album was their most commercially successful, having three top ten singles, which remain their career's highest charting. The album was recorded and mixed at Monnow Valley Studio in Monmouth. \\\"North Country Boy\\\", \\\"One to Another\\\", \\\"How High\\\" and \\\"Only Teethin'\\\" were partly recorded at Rockfield Studios. All of the tracks were produced by the band and Dave\",\n \"title\": \"Tellin' Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17090863\",\n \"text\": \"Smith co-wrote “Rockin’ into The Night” and “Rebel Girl,” but neither song was included on the group's first album. “Rockin' into the Night\\\" became .38 Special's first hit single. It has appeared on multiple .38 Special albums, including the platinum-selling \\\"Flashback\\\". The Survivor non-album single \\\"Rebel Girl\\\" was covered by the Outlaws. Survivor's versions of both of these songs appeared on their 2004 greatest hits album, \\\"Ultimate Survivor\\\". Smith and Johnson were replaced in Survivor in 1981, in part because of conflicts with their other projects. Survivor went on released its first Top 40 single, \\\"Poor Man's Son,\\\" the same\",\n \"title\": \"Gary Smith (drummer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4492204\",\n \"text\": \"sound. The song received the Grammy Award for Best Disco Recording in 1980, the only year the award was given. It is ranked #492 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine's list of \\\"the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\\\", and ranked at #97 on \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine's \\\"All-Time Hot 100\\\". In 2000, the song was ranked #1 in VH1's list of the 100 greatest dance songs. A promotional video was filmed in 1979 at the New York discothèque called Xenon. Sheila Reid-Pender of Harlem, NY is the featured skater in the video from the skating group, The Village Wizards. Although three videos were\",\n \"title\": \"I Will Survive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14557038\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson Hall. Filming also took place in Liberty, Tennessee. The film was shot in 2010 from early January to the first week of March. On December 14, 2010, the official screening took place at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in Beverly Hills, California. It was attended by the film's stars and included Tim McGraw, Gwyneth Paltrow, Leighton Meester, Garrett Hedlund, and many other stars of Hollywood and country music. In the United States, the film received a wide release on January 7, 2011. \\\"Country Strong\\\" has received mixed to negative reviews. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that\",\n \"title\": \"Country Strong\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19980343\",\n \"text\": \"strict vocal rest, with Marc E. Bassy eventually going on a solo US tour in March 2018. On October 24, 2017, \\\"Meant to Be\\\" was released as the second single from the EP with a music video premiering on the day before. The song debuted at number one on the Hot Country Songs chart, becoming Rexha's first number one on the chart and the longest-running number-one single in the chart's history. It also peaked at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, making it Rexha's highest-charting single on the chart. Credits taken from Qobuz and ASCAP. Notes Sample credits Credits\",\n \"title\": \"All Your Fault: Pt. 2\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15521990\",\n \"text\": \"Jesus Was a Country Boy \\\"'Jesus Was a Country Boy\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released in July 2004 as the third and final single from his album \\\"A Few Questions\\\". It peaked at #31 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks in 2004. The song was written by Walker and Rivers Rutherford. In an interview with \\\"CMT\\\", Walker stated \\\"Jesus Was a Country Boy\\\" was meant to be twofold—tongue-in-cheek for one, but there is a pretty deep meaning to it. The song is written in a more light-hearted\",\n \"title\": \"Jesus Was a Country Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6317489\",\n \"text\": \"the book \\\"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\\\". \\\"Tellin' Stories\\\" charted at number 1 in Scotland and the UK, number 35 in Sweden and number 37 in Norway. It was certified silver and then gold in the month of its release, before subsequently reaching platinum status in January 1998. \\\"One to Another\\\" charted at number 1 in Scotland, number 3 in the UK, number 25 in Ireland and number 59 in Sweden. \\\"North Country Boy\\\" charted at number 1 in Scotland and number 4 in the UK. \\\"How High\\\" charted at number 3 in Scotland and number 6\",\n \"title\": \"Tellin' Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4849918\",\n \"text\": \"Us?\\\", \\\"Full Moon\\\" and \\\"He Is\\\". In June 1998, Norwood released her second album \\\"Never Say Never\\\". Boosted by the success of its number-one lead single \\\"The Boy Is Mine\\\", a duet with singer Monica, it facilitated Norwood in becoming a viable recording artist with media–crossing appeal. In total, the album sold 16 million copies worldwide and spawned seven singles, including Norwood's second number-one song, the Diane Warren-penned \\\"Have You Ever?\\\". Also in 1998, Norwood made her big screen debut in a supporting role in the slasher sequel, \\\"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\\\", which garnered her both\",\n \"title\": \"Full Moon (Brandy album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5435368\",\n \"text\": \"of George Thorogood's \\\"I Drink Alone\\\" and Pat Benatar's \\\"Hit Me with Your Best Shot.\\\" The film premiered at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival and was shown at the Chicago International Film Festival before going into theatrical release in the US, where it grossed $6,422,455 in its opening weekend, ranking 5th at the box office. Budgeted at $30 million, it eventually grossed $18,337,722 in the US and $6,873,453 in foreign markets for a total worldwide box office of $25,211,175. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 69% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 162 reviews, with Theron\",\n \"title\": \"North Country (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6209549\",\n \"text\": \"not have a physical single release until after its airplay had peaked; The song topped the Billboard Hot Dance Music Maxi-Singles Sales chart for eight weeks. The song only reached number five on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. The single reached number one on the Hot 100 Airplay chart for five consecutive weeks and peaked at number three on the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart. In the United Kingdom, \\\"Survivor\\\" debuted at number one on the singles chart and went on to sell around 290,000 copies. It also topped the singles chart in Ireland, Netherlands, and Japan. Moreover,\",\n \"title\": \"Survivor (Destiny's Child song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18148847\",\n \"text\": \"the chart was launched in 1990. It also debuted at No. 82 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and No. 17 on the Hot Country Songs chart with 40,000 downloads sold in less than three full days of sales. In the following week, it reached No. 1 on the Country Digital Songs chart and No. 6 on the Hot Country Songs chart with 74,000 copies sold after a full week of sale. The song peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 2 on the Hot Country Songs chart. The song reached its millionth sales mark in October\",\n \"title\": \"American Kids\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when did country boy can survive come out"}}},{"rowIdx":94,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["2003"],"string":"[\n \"2003\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"274478","text":"won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a \"three-peat\". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball before the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season, and started a new career in Minor League Baseball, he returned to the Bulls in March 1995 and led them to three additional championships in 1996, 1997, and 1998, as well as a then-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan retired for a second time in January 1999, but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"13503492","text":"of golfing. The film ends with Michael in an empty arena after a game and he shoots a basket while flashbacks of his childhood when his father taught him how to shoot appear. The closing titles mentions that Jordan retired from basketball for good on January 13, 1999. However, in real life, he made a short-lived comeback in 2001 when he played for the Washington Wizards until 2003 when he retired again. Michael Jordan: An American Hero Michael Jordan: An American Hero is an American television film that aired on Fox Family Channel on April 18, 1999. It stars Michael","title":"Michael Jordan: An American Hero"},{"id":"274504","text":"Girls Club and dedicated it to his father. In his 1998 autobiography \"For the Love of the Game\", Jordan wrote that he had been preparing for retirement as early as the summer of 1992. The added exhaustion due to the Dream Team run in the 1992 Olympics solidified Jordan's feelings about the game and his ever-growing celebrity status. Jordan's announcement sent shock waves throughout the NBA and appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world. Jordan then further surprised the sports world by signing a Minor League Baseball contract with the Chicago White Sox on February 7, 1994.","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274507","text":"shell of the championship team of just two years earlier. Struggling at mid-season to ensure a spot in the playoffs, Chicago was 31–31 at one point in mid-March. The team received help, however, when Jordan decided to return to the Bulls. In March 1995, Jordan decided to quit baseball due to the ongoing Major League Baseball strike, as he wanted to avoid becoming a potential replacement player. On March 18, 1995, Jordan announced his return to the NBA through a two-word press release: \"I'm back.\" The next day, Jordan took to the court with the Bulls to face the Indiana","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274518","text":"for second place with three apiece. The 1998 Finals holds the highest television rating of any Finals series in history. Game 6 also holds the highest television rating of any game in NBA history. With Phil Jackson's contract expiring, the pending departures of Scottie Pippen and Dennis Rodman looming, and being in the latter stages of an owner-induced lockout of NBA players, Jordan retired for the second time on January 13, 1999. On January 19, 2000, Jordan returned to the NBA not as a player, but as part owner and president of basketball operations for the Washington Wizards. Jordan's responsibilities","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274529","text":"may have also influenced the trade of Richard \"Rip\" Hamilton for Jerry Stackhouse (although Jordan was not technically Director of Basketball Operations in 2002). On May 7, 2003, Wizards owner Abe Pollin fired Jordan as the team's president of basketball operations. Jordan later stated that he felt betrayed, and that if he had known he would be fired upon retiring he never would have come back to play for the Wizards. Jordan kept busy over the next few years. He stayed in shape, played golf in celebrity charity tournaments, and spent time with his family in Chicago. He also promoted","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274476","text":"Michael Jordan Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, is an American former professional basketball player. He played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. His biography on the official NBA website states: \"By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time.\" Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. He is currently the principal owner and chairman of the NBA's Charlotte Hornets.","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274524","text":"playoff appearance for the Wizards, and Jordan was often unsatisfied with the play of those around him. At several points he openly criticized his teammates to the media, citing their lack of focus and intensity, notably that of the number one draft pick in the 2001 NBA draft, Kwame Brown. With the recognition that 2002–03 would be Jordan's final season, tributes were paid to him throughout the NBA. In his final game at the United Center in Chicago, which was his old home court, Jordan received a four-minute standing ovation. The Miami Heat retired the number 23 jersey on April","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"10969992","text":"was a long rebuilding process between 1998 and 2004, and the Bulls did not return to the postseason until 2005. The season also saw Jordan earn his fifth and final NBA Most Valuable Player Award, while being selected for the 1998 NBA All-Star Game, where he also won his third and final All-Star Game MVP Award. Following the season, Jackson resigned as Head Coach, Jordan retired for the second time, Pippen was traded to the Houston Rockets, Rodman later signed with the Los Angeles Lakers as a free agent, Luc Longley was dealt to the Phoenix Suns, three-point specialist Steve","title":"1997–98 Chicago Bulls season"},{"id":"10969991","text":"championship. The championship was their sixth in eight years and completed the franchise's second \"3-peat\". This was Michael Jordan's last season as a Bull, as he announced his second retirement after it was over. However, he did make a second comeback with the Washington Wizards in 2001. Also leaving Chicago after the season were starters Pippen and Dennis Rodman as well as head coach Phil Jackson—however, he did return to coach the Los Angeles Lakers in 1999. Because of these departures, this was the last season for the Bulls dynasty that had headlined the NBA throughout the 1990s. What followed","title":"1997–98 Chicago Bulls season"},{"id":"10998499","text":"season at Chicago Stadium before moving to the new United Center. Following the season, Horace Grant signed as a free agent with the Orlando Magic, Bill Cartwright signed with the Seattle SuperSonics, Scott Williams signed with the Philadelphia 76ers, and John Paxson retired. On October 6, 1993, Michael Jordan announced his retirement at age 30, citing a loss in his desire to play the game. Jordan later stated that the murder of his father three months earlier shaped his decision. James R. Jordan, Sr. was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, found","title":"1993–94 Chicago Bulls season"},{"id":"15883960","text":"Michael Jordan statue The Michael Jordan statue, also known as The Spirit (and sometimes referred to as Michael Jordan's Spirit), is a bronze sculpture by Omri Amrany and Julie Rotblatt-Amrany that has been located inside the United Center in the Near West Side community area of Chicago since March 1, 2017. The sculpture was originally commissioned after Jordan's initial retirement following three consecutive NBA championships and unveiled prior to the Bulls taking residence in their new home stadium the following year. Depicting Basketball Hall of Fame member Michael Jordan and unveiled outside the United Center on November 1, 1994, the","title":"Michael Jordan statue"},{"id":"7034118","text":"Michael-Hakim Jordan Michael-Hakim Jordan, also referred to as Mike Jordan (born June 24, 1977), is a former American professional basketball player and current men's basketball assistant coach at Colgate University. After starring at the Abington Friends School, Jordan moved on to a college basketball career at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was the 1999–2000 Ivy League Player of the Year as a senior. The 6'0\" (1.83 m) point guard then went on to try out in semi-professional leagues such as the USBL, the IBL and the NRL. Prior the National Basketball Association's 2000-01 regular season, he tried out with","title":"Michael-Hakim Jordan"},{"id":"274551","text":"of Illinois. After two seasons, Jeffrey left the Illinois basketball team in 2009. He later rejoined the team for a third season, then received a release to transfer to the University of Central Florida, where Marcus was attending. Marcus transferred to Whitney Young High School after his sophomore year at Loyola Academy and graduated in 2009. He began attending UCF in the fall of 2009, and played three seasons of basketball for the school. On July 21, 2006, a judge in Cook County, Illinois, determined that Jordan did not owe his alleged former lover Karla Knafel $5 million in a","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274528","text":"was the only player to start all 8 games in the Olympics. Playing limited minutes due to the frequent blowouts, Jordan averaged 14.9 ppg, finishing second on the team in scoring. Jordan and fellow Dream Team members Patrick Ewing and Chris Mullin are the only American men's basketball players to win Olympic gold medals as amateurs and professionals. After his third retirement, Jordan assumed that he would be able to return to his front office position as Director of Basketball Operations with the Wizards. However, his previous tenure in the Wizards' front office had produced the aforementioned mixed results and","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"14575881","text":"headquartered in Pittsburgh. He led the company through one of the most comprehensive transformations of a major U.S. corporation, including its purchase of CBS Corporation, as the company was renamed. He retired from CBS in December 1998, became a private investor and authored a mystery novel. In 2003, the board of Electronic Data Systems asked Jordan to lead the company. As Chairman and CEO, he led a financial and operational turnaround. In 2007, he stepped down. He remained with the company as Chairman Emeritus until it was purchased by Hewlett Packard in 2008. Jordan served on several corporate, private and","title":"Michael H. Jordan"},{"id":"16044137","text":"in the fourth round, 105th overall, at the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. Jordán made his professional debut in the 2010–11 season with the Hurricanes' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Charlotte Checkers. On 9 October 2014, just prior to the commencement of the 2014–15 season, his fifth with the Checkers, Jordán was named team captain. After six-years within the Hurricanes organization, Jordan left as a free agent following the 2015–16 season. On October 7, 2016, he belatedly signed a one-year deal for the duration of the 2016–17 season with Ak Bars Kazan of the KHL. He was limited to 27","title":"Michal Jordán"},{"id":"274502","text":"at it. If you're willing to jeopardize your livelihood and your family, then yeah.\" When Bradley asked him if his gambling ever got to the level where it jeopardized his livelihood or family, Jordan replied, \"No.\" On October 6, 1993, Jordan announced his retirement, citing a loss of desire to play the game. Jordan later stated that the death of his father three months earlier also shaped his decision. Jordan's father was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, by two teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin Demery, who carjacked his luxury Lexus","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274542","text":"Finals-winning shot against the Jazz, he was well known throughout the league as a clutch performer. In the regular season, Jordan was the Bulls' primary threat in the final seconds of a close game and in the playoffs; he would always ask for the ball at crunch time. Jordan's total of 5,987 points in the playoffs is the second-highest in NBA history. He retired with 32,292 points in regular season play, placing him fourth on the NBA's all-time scoring list behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Karl Malone, and Kobe Bryant. With five regular-season MVPs (tied for second place with Bill Russell—only Kareem","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"11002289","text":"the Wizards signed Michael Jordan. Jordan, at 38 years old, would be the team's points-per-game leader during the season. He also led the team in assists per game. On October 8, the Wizards waived small forward Mike Smith. On October 24, the team released Kornél Dávid. After retiring from the Chicago Bulls in early 1999, Michael Jordan became the Washington Wizards' president of basketball operations as well as a minority owner in January 2000. However, in September 2001, Michael Jordan came out of retirement at age 38 to play basketball for the Washington Wizards. Jordan stated that he was returning","title":"2001–02 Washington Wizards season"},{"id":"14529073","text":"win against Canterbury United. On 19 March 2010, Jordan announced his retirement from all levels of domestic and international football, citing ongoing knee injuries. Jordan had not played a full game since the 2009 Club World Cup, and he felt it the right time to retire, after what he conceded was an ultimately successful career. Jordan died of cancer on 21 October 2013, aged 37, in his hometown of Pretoria. The cancer had started as a melanoma spot thirteen years earlier, and eventually spread to his brain. Keryn Jordan Keryn Jordan (1 November 1975 – 21 October 2013) was a","title":"Keryn Jordan"},{"id":"274485","text":"which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing. Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career. During his three seasons at North Carolina, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rpg. He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All-American First Team in both his sophomore (1983) and junior (1984) seasons. After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft. The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"9474389","text":"and his \"life after basketball\". Jordan later decided to return to the team, but after the 2009–10 season, he received a release to transfer to the University of Central Florida alongside his brother, Marcus. In January 2012, Jordan left the UCF team for \"personal reasons\". As of November 4, 2013, Jordan lives in Portland, Oregon, where he has entered Nike Inc.'s management-training program. Jeffrey Jordan Jeffrey Michael Jordan (born November 18, 1988) is an American former basketball player who played for the University of Central Florida Knights and the University of Illinois Fighting Illini. He played high school basketball for","title":"Jeffrey Jordan"},{"id":"4444294","text":"in 2000 and 2001. In January 1999, Michael Jordan announced his retirement for the second time; he would come out of retirement for the second and final time in 2001 with the Washington Wizards and played two seasons with the team. However, neither season ended with a playoff appearance. Scottie Pippen was traded to the Houston Rockets during the offseason and played his last season (2003–04) with the Bulls. Dennis Rodman, released by the Bulls in the offseason, signed with the Lakers mid-season, playing only 23 games before being released. In January 1999, the Bulls re-signed Steve Kerr and traded","title":"1998 NBA Finals"},{"id":"802760","text":"then stole the ball from Karl Malone and hit the game winning shot with 5.2 seconds remaining on the clock. With a score of 87–86, John Stockton put up a three-pointer, but missed, giving the Bulls their sixth championship in eight years. Jordan would be named the Finals MVP for the sixth time in his career. He retired for the second time on January 13, 1999. The summer of 1998 brought an abrupt end to the championship era. Krause felt that the Bulls were on the verge of being too old and unable to compete. He decided that the team's","title":"Chicago Bulls"},{"id":"274508","text":"Pacers in Indianapolis, scoring 19 points. The game had the highest Nielsen rating of a regular season NBA game since 1975. Although he could have opted to wear his normal number in spite of the Bulls having retired it, Jordan instead wore number 45, as he had while playing baseball. Although he had not played an NBA game in a year and a half, Jordan played well upon his return, making a game-winning jump shot against Atlanta in his fourth game back. He then scored 55 points in the next game against the Knicks at Madison Square Garden on March","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"7034119","text":"the Philadelphia 76ers and the Boston Celtics but was unsuccessful in securing a contract with either. He has since played in countries such as Spain, Venezuela, Latvia, France, and more recently for the Artland Dragons Quakenbrück and RheinEnergie Köln in Germany. In 2006-07 season, he played in the Italian Serie A league for Pallacanestro Cantù. In 2007-08 he played for Spirou Charleroi and PAOK BC. During the latter part of the 2008-2009 season, Jordan rejoined the Koln 99ers of the Basketball Bundesliga. During the 2009-2010 season, he joined Phoenix Hagen also of the Basketball Bundesliga. For most of his life","title":"Michael-Hakim Jordan"},{"id":"11442567","text":"2008. On July 29, 2008, Jordan was released from the San Francisco 49ers (upon his own personal decision), so that he could tend to a death in his family. Ex-head coach Mike Nolan was reported saying that he wanted to bring the un-drafted rookie back some time in the near future so that he may attend practice squad. On April 13, 2010, Jordan signed with the British Columbia Lions. On July 26, 2010, he was released by the Lions. On August 15, 2011, Jordan signed with the Florida Tarpons. He is the cousin of former Cal running back and current","title":"Robert Jordan (American football)"},{"id":"274559","text":"1990, and formerly had a Lincoln–Mercury dealership from 1995 until its closure in June 2009. The company also owned a Nissan franchise in Glen Burnie, Maryland. The restaurant industry is another business interest of Jordan's. His restaurants include a steakhouse in New York City's Grand Central Terminal, among others. Michael Jordan Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, is an American former professional basketball player. He played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. His biography on the official NBA website states: \"By acclamation, Michael Jordan","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274525","text":"11, 2003, even though Jordan never played for the team. At the 2003 All-Star Game, Jordan was offered a starting spot from Tracy McGrady and Allen Iverson, but refused both. In the end, he accepted the spot of Vince Carter, who decided to give it up under great public pressure. Jordan played in his final NBA game on April 16, 2003, in Philadelphia. After scoring only 13 points in the game, Jordan went to the bench with 4 minutes and 13 seconds remaining in the third quarter and his team trailing the Philadelphia 76ers, 75–56. Just after the start of","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274506","text":"in, 30 stolen bases, 114 strikeouts, 51 base on balls, and 11 errors. He also appeared for the Scottsdale Scorpions in the 1994 Arizona Fall League, batting .252 against the top prospects in baseball. On November 1, 1994, his number 23 was retired by the Bulls in a ceremony that included the erection of a permanent sculpture known as \"The Spirit\" outside the new United Center. In the 1993–94 season, the Bulls achieved a 55–27 record without Jordan in the lineup, and lost to the New York Knicks in the second round of the playoffs. The 1994–95 Bulls were a","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"4433697","text":"heel wrap) and Fine Italian dress shoes (bold stitching on the soles). The shoe was retro-ed in 2008. Released in 2004, this is the first Jordan release after his third, and final, retirement which came after the 2002–03 NBA season. The design was inspired by the black mamba snake, and two original colorways where released: white/flint grey and black/red. Three regional colorways and three special edition colorways were released. They consisted of the East, West, and Midwest edition for regular and West, East, and Olympic for the SE (special edition). The \"Air Jordan XIX\" used innovative materials. The upper section","title":"Air Jordan"},{"id":"14575880","text":"1964. From 1964-1974, Jordan served as consultant and principal at McKinsey & Company. Michael joined PepsiCo in 1974, where he held various senior executive positions. Among the positions he held at the company were president of the International Foods and Beverages Division, and CFO. He retired in July 1992 as Chairman and CEO of its PepsiCo International Foods and Beverages Division. Jordan’s retirement was short-lived. In 1992-1993, he became a principal of Clayton, Dubilier & Rice (CD&R), one of the oldest private investment firms. In 1993, he was recruited as the first outside Chairman and CEO of Westinghouse Electric Corporation","title":"Michael H. Jordan"},{"id":"15883962","text":"All-NBA Team first team selection, NBA All-Defensive Team first team selection, and the NBA Finals MVP. After Jordan retired following the 1992–93 NBA season, Chicago Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf sought a sculptor to honor Jordan and requested that Chicago Bulls Vice President Steve Schanwald seek proposals from artists. Twelve artists made proposals. In January 1994, Schanwald hired Omri and Julie Rotblatt-Amrany of Highland Park, Illinois, who erected a statue at the Bulls' new home for the 1994–95 NBA season, the United Center. Until 1994 when they both moved, the Bulls and Blackhawks had played at Chicago Stadium. While the sculpture","title":"Michael Jordan statue"},{"id":"274521","text":"indicating his intention to donate his salary as a player to a relief effort for the victims of the September 11 attacks. In an injury-plagued 2001–02 season, he led the team in scoring (22.9 ppg), assists (5.2 apg), and steals (1.42 spg). However, torn cartilage in his right knee ended Jordan's season after only 60 games, the fewest he had played in a regular season since playing 17 games after returning from his first retirement during the 1994–95 season. Jordan started 53 of his 60 games for the season, averaging 24.3 points, 5.4 assists, and 6.0 rebounds, and shooting 41.9%","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"6718933","text":"interviews to a legitimate news gathering and breaking news operation.\" On March 22, 1989, Gray got the exclusive and only television interview with NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle, in Palm Springs, California, when he suddenly decided to retire. On October 5, 1993, on CBS, during the White Sox vs Blue Jays playoff game, Gray reported during the game that Bulls minority owner Eddie Einhorn told him that Michael Jordan would retire from the NBA Chicago Bulls the next day. Jordan was in attendance at the game with Einhorn. Gray followed Jordan out of the stadium to the parking lot with a","title":"Jim Gray (sportscaster)"},{"id":"6477399","text":"Jordan's father, James R. Jordan, Sr., was murdered. Distraught by the murder of his father, Jordan announced his retirement from basketball a few weeks before the 1993–94 NBA season began, citing a loss of desire to play basketball. Even without Jordan, the Bulls still managed to win 55 games behind the All-Star efforts of Scottie Pippen; however the loss of Jordan was steep to overcome, and following a controversial call that gave the New York Knicks a win in Game 5, the Bulls lost to Knicks in the conference semi-finals of the 1994 NBA Playoffs in Game 7. Jordan returned","title":"1993 NBA Finals"},{"id":"4318987","text":"and Bournemouth, Jordan signed for Yeovil Town on 9 March 2006 on a month's loan as goalkeeping cover during an injury crisis. The loan was later extended to the end of the season, at which time Yeovil declined to make the deal permanent and the player returned to Arsenal. On 30 June 2006, Arsenal released Jordan. In July 2006, Jordan was invited for a week's trial at League One side Chesterfield by manager Roy McFarland. The trial became a permanent deal, with Jordan playing six times for Chesterfield in the following twelve months. At the end of the 2006–07 season,","title":"Michael Jordan (footballer)"},{"id":"9899703","text":"Chapel Hill football star Charlie \"Choo Choo\" Justice's jersey. Basketball great and Wilmington, North Carolina, native Michael Jordan was conspicuously missing from the hall for many years because, even though he had been selected for induction, he had been \"unable\" to attend the required induction banquet. In 2010, it was announced that Jordan would be formally inducted to the hall. Uniquely, his ceremony was held at halftime of a Charlotte Bobcats game (Jordan owns the NBA team). The North Carolina Museum of History Associates is the membership arm of the North Carolina Museum of History. The group assists the museum","title":"North Carolina Museum of History"},{"id":"802590","text":"franchise low). On February 23, 2001, the Wizards were involved in a blockbuster trade days before the trading deadline. The team sent Juwan Howard, Obinna Ekezie and Calvin Booth to the Dallas Mavericks. In return, Washington received Hubert Davis, Courtney Alexander, Christian Laettner, Loy Vaught and Etan Thomas along with $3 million. After retiring from the Chicago Bulls in early 1999, Michael Jordan became the Washington Wizards' president of basketball operations as well as a minority owner in January 2000. In September 2001, Jordan came out of retirement at age 38 to play for Washington. Jordan stated that he was","title":"Washington Wizards"},{"id":"274519","text":"with the Wizards were comprehensive. He controlled all aspects of the Wizards' basketball operations, and had the final say in all personnel matters. Opinions of Jordan as a basketball executive were mixed. He managed to purge the team of several highly paid, unpopular players (such as forward Juwan Howard and point guard Rod Strickland), but used the first pick in the 2001 NBA draft to select high schooler Kwame Brown, who did not live up to expectations and was traded away after four seasons. Despite his January 1999 claim that he was \"99.9% certain\" that he would never play another","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"10998521","text":"agent) pending, and Michael Jordan retiring for the second time on January 13, 1999 during the latter stages of an owner-induced lockout of NBA players, it marked the end of the Bulls dynasty in the 1990s. Under new head coach Tim Floyd and free agent signing Brent Barry, the Bulls were a shell of their former selves, losing eight of their first nine games of the season. The team finished in last place in the Central Division with a 13–37 record. Toni Kukoč led the team in scoring with 18.8 points per game. On April 10, 1999, the Bulls set","title":"1998–99 Chicago Bulls season"},{"id":"4772726","text":"265). Jordan played for the Los Angeles Lakers during the 1980–81 season, and was a member of the 1982 NBA World Championship team. He played for the Lakers for four years and then played briefly with the Portland Trail Blazers. Jordan retired from the NBA after the 1983–84 season. Over his seven-year NBA career, Jordan averaged 8.1 points, 3.8 assists and 1.82 steals per game. After retiring from the NBA in 1984, Jordan was a volunteer assistant at Rutgers University under his former college head coach, and his eventual Wizards' assistant, Tom Young. Jordan followed Young to Old Dominion University","title":"Eddie Jordan (basketball)"},{"id":"7273387","text":"five of six NFL title games in eight seasons and won the first two Super Bowls. A tenacious competitor on the field, Jordan was the vibrant and jovial wit among Lombardi's Packers, and was highly regarded by his teammates. Highly quotable, his outgoing personality put him in demand as an after-dinner speaker. Most notably: “Lombardi treats us all the same, like dogs.” Jordan retired at age 35 in February 1970, after an injury-filled 1969 season. In 1970, Jordan relocated south to Milwaukee to create and oversee Summerfest. In 1974, Jordan was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame. In","title":"Henry Jordan"},{"id":"18396575","text":"active but did not see action in two games; he was on the inactive list on four others. Arizona waived him midseason in October, and he was claimed by the Cincinnati Bengals, who released him the following month. During the 1997 offseason, he married Jenny Johnson, who was a volleyball player at UCLA when they met in 1992. Jordan tried out with the Denver Broncos in 1998, but he struggled with injuries and was cut. After his playing career ended, Jordan became a missionary with Athletes in Action, a college religious organization, and also became a chaplain for the UCLA","title":"Kevin Jordan (American football)"},{"id":"11002675","text":"2002–03 Washington Wizards season The 2002–03 NBA season was the Wizards' 42nd season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Wizards acquired All-Star guard Jerry Stackhouse from the Detroit Pistons and signed free agents Larry Hughes, Bryon Russell and Charles Oakley. The Wizards got off to a 6–4 start to the season, but then struggled losing six straight games afterwards. The team finished fifth in the Atlantic Division with a 37–45 record, which was the same as the previous season. This marked the final season for All-Star guard Michael Jordan, who retired for the third and final time.","title":"2002–03 Washington Wizards season"},{"id":"4433681","text":"the red inserts on the outsole. The outsole's design features a striped (wavy) design, which list many of Jordan's accomplishments. They retailed at $160. The Air Jordan X was released again in an \"OVO\" collaboration in 2015 and 2016, releasing in white and black colorways respectively with stingray detailing. The shoe was retro-ed in 2005, 2008, 2012–2016, and 2018. This model was designed by Tinker Hatfield. When the shoe launched, Michael Jordan (retired from basketball by then) was with the Birmingham Barons in baseball's minor baseball leagues. Hatfield designed the sneaker waiting for Jordan to come back and hoping he","title":"Air Jordan"},{"id":"6094432","text":"1997–98 NBA season The 1997–98 NBA season was the 52nd season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Chicago Bulls winning their third straight championship and sixth in the last eight years, beating the Utah Jazz 4 games to 2 in the 1998 NBA Finals. It also marked the departure of Michael Jordan and the end of the dynasty for the Chicago Bulls before Jordan returned in 2001 for the Washington Wizards. This was the last time that both NBA and NHL regular seasons ended on the same day. Notes Teams in bold advanced to the next","title":"1997–98 NBA season"},{"id":"15883964","text":"be.\" The base also includes a list of his accomplishments. The bronze statue used lost-wax casting. The sculpture has led to a lot of similar work for the couple. The sculpture's official address is United Center, 1901 W. Madison Street. Officially named \"The Spirit\", it is located inside the United Center (Gate 4). The United Center opened on August 18, 1994. The exact pose of Jordan in midflight is left for artistic interpretation, but speculations include his 63-point performance against Boston in the 1986 NBA Playoffs, the 1988 NBA All-Star Game slam-dunk contest at Chicago Stadium and his jumpman logo","title":"Michael Jordan statue"},{"id":"15883961","text":"sculpture stands atop a black granite base. Although not critically well received, the statue has established its own legacy as a meeting place for fans at subsequent Bulls championships and as a rallying point for Chicago Blackhawks fans during their prideful times. Michael Jordan had spent his entire career with the Chicago Bulls since being drafted in the 1984 NBA Draft by the team with the third overall selection. Eventually, he led the Bulls to three consecutive championships in the 1991, 1992 and 1993 NBA Finals. During each of these championship seasons he was an NBA All-Star, NBA scoring champion,","title":"Michael Jordan statue"},{"id":"13238442","text":"Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals was a professional basketball game that was played on June 14, 1998 between the visiting Chicago Bulls and the Utah Jazz at the Delta Center, now known as Vivint Smart Home Arena, in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Bulls won 87–86, winning their sixth NBA championship in eight years. Game 6 was the final game with the Bulls for Michael Jordan and coach Phil Jackson (both would retire from the National Basketball Association (NBA), then eventually return). This game earned, and still holds, the highest TV","title":"Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals"},{"id":"802762","text":"new coach, Tim Floyd, who had run a successful program at Iowa State University. Upon Phil Jackson's departure, Michael Jordan made his second retirement official. With a new starting lineup of point guard Randy Brown, shooting guard Ron Harper, newcomer Brent Barry at small forward, power forward Toni Kukoč, and center Bill Wennington, the team began the lockout-shortened 1998–99 season. Kukoc led the team in scoring, rebounding, and assists, but the team won only 13 of 50 games. The lowest point of the season came on April 10 in a game against the Miami Heat. In that game, the Bulls","title":"Chicago Bulls"},{"id":"274481","text":"also starred as himself in the 1996 film \"Space Jam\". In 2006, he became part-owner and head of basketball operations for the Charlotte Bobcats; he bought a controlling interest in 2010. In 2014, Jordan became the first billionaire player in NBA history. He is the third-richest African-American, behind Robert F. Smith and Oprah Winfrey. Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Deloris (née Peoples), who worked in banking, and James R. Jordan Sr., an equipment supervisor. His family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina, when he was a toddler. Jordan is the fourth of five children. He has two older","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"18277071","text":"professionally was not necessarily his goal. In October 1998, Jordan said, \"If the air blew up the ball, I'm not going to cry. Don't get me wrong, I won't turn down a pro career if that comes, but I'm not counting on it.\" He then went on to play for 14 years in six different countries after his sophomore year in 1988–89. Jordan also played in the National Basketball Association. In April 1993, Jordan was signed as a free agent by the Philadelphia 76ers, and played in the final four games of the 1992–93 season averaging 11.0 points, 4.8 rebounds,","title":"Thomas Jordan (basketball)"},{"id":"274522","text":"from the field in his 53 starts. His last seven appearances were in a reserve role, in which he averaged just over 20 minutes per game. Playing in his 14th and final NBA All-Star Game in 2003, Jordan passed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the all-time leading scorer in All-Star Game history (a record since broken by Kobe Bryant). That year, Jordan was the only Washington player to play in all 82 games, starting in 67 of them. He averaged 20.0 points, 6.1 rebounds, 3.8 assists, and 1.5 steals per game. He also shot 45% from the field, and 82% from the","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274534","text":"shortened to 66 games by the lockout, the Bobcats posted a 7–59 record. Their .106 winning percentage was the worst in NBA history. \"I'm not real happy about the record book scenario last year. It's very, very frustrating\", Jordan said later that year. Jordan was a shooting guard who was also capable of playing as a small forward (the position he would primarily play during his second return to professional basketball with the Washington Wizards), and as a point guard. Jordan was known throughout his career for being a strong clutch performer. With the Bulls, he decided 25 games with","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"11810278","text":"United States. On December 15, 2011, Jordan signed with the New York Knicks. During the 2011–12 season, he was assigned multiple times to the Erie BayHawks of the NBA Development League. On July 11, 2012, Jordan was traded, along with Toney Douglas, Josh Harrellson and two future second-round draft picks, to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Marcus Camby. On July 18, 2012, he was waived by the Rockets. The next day, he joined the New York Knicks for the final two games of the 2012 NBA Summer League. On September 29, 2012, Jordan signed with the Memphis Grizzlies. However,","title":"Jerome Jordan"},{"id":"802593","text":"averaged 20.0 points, 6.9 rebounds, 3.8 assists, and 1.5 steals in 37.0 minutes per game. Jordan retired from playing for a third and final time after the season. After the season, majority owner Pollin fired Jordan as team president, much to the shock of players, associates, and the public. Jordan felt betrayed, thinking that he would get his ownership back after his playing days ended, but Pollin justified Jordan's dismissal by noting that Jordan had detrimental effects on the team, such as benching Hughes for Tyronn Lue, making poor trades, and using the team's first-round draft pick on high schooler","title":"Washington Wizards"},{"id":"12917621","text":"age , is recognized as the oldest living major league ballplayer. , or Retrosheet Tom Jordan (baseball) Thomas Jefferson Jordan (born September 5, 1919) is a retired American professional baseball player, a catcher who appeared in 39 Major League games over three seasons for the Chicago White Sox (; ), Cleveland Indians (), and the St. Louis Browns (). Born in Lawton, Oklahoma, Jordan stood tall and weighed . He threw and batted right-handed. Jordan's professional career took place over a twenty-year period, beginning in the minor leagues in 1938 and ending in 1957 after he was a playing manager","title":"Tom Jordan (baseball)"},{"id":"18649800","text":"win over the Wizards. During the 2016–17 season, he received multiple assignments to the Maine Red Claws, the Celtics' D-League affiliate. On July 13, 2017, Mickey was waived by the Celtics. On August 20, 2017, Mickey signed with the Miami Heat. On December 16, 2017, he scored a career-high nine points off the bench in a 90–85 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. In May 2018, the Heat declined their $1.6 million option on Mickey's contract, making him a free agent. On July 26, 2018, Mickey signed a one-year deal with the Russian team BC Khimki of the VTB United","title":"Jordan Mickey"},{"id":"4318988","text":"Jordan signed a contract for a further year, but on 7 March 2008 he left Chesterfield by mutual consent after learning he would not be offered a new contract at the end of the season. He subsequently signed for Conference South side Lewes, and helped them to the league title and automatic promotion to the Conference National. Following a trial with Stevenage Borough, Jordan spent some weeks with the club but was released without playing for the first team. He joined fellow Conference National club Eastbourne Borough on 29 January 2009 to provide cover for their first-choice goalkeeper. On 5","title":"Michael Jordan (footballer)"},{"id":"802901","text":"the NBA Playoffs. The Conference Finals is best remembered for the Pistons walking off court in the last game just before it ended, unwilling to shake hands with the Bulls. After the series, Michael Jordan said, \"The dirty play and the flagrant fouls and unsportsmanlike conduct, hopefully that will be eliminated from the game with them gone. I think people are happy the game will get back to a clean game.\" Following this, the franchise went through a transitional period, as key players were either waived (Johnson in 1991), traded (Edwards, Salley and Rodman), or retired (Laimbeer in 1993 and","title":"Detroit Pistons"},{"id":"274548","text":"to present him. As Jordan would later explain during his induction speech in September 2009, when he was growing up in North Carolina, he was not a fan of the Tar Heels and greatly admired Thompson, who played at rival North Carolina State. In September, he was inducted into the Hall with several former Bulls teammates in attendance, including Scottie Pippen, Dennis Rodman, Charles Oakley, Ron Harper, Steve Kerr, and Toni Kukoč. Two of Jordan's former coaches, Dean Smith and Doug Collins, were also among those present. His emotional reaction during his speech—when he began to cry—was captured by Associated","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274531","text":"team's second-largest shareholder behind majority owner Robert L. Johnson. As part of the deal, Jordan took full control over the basketball side of the operation, with the title \"Managing Member of Basketball Operations.\" Despite Jordan's previous success as an endorser, he has made an effort not to be included in Charlotte's marketing campaigns. A decade earlier, Jordan had made a bid to become part-owner of Charlotte's original NBA team, the Charlotte Hornets, but talks collapsed when owner George Shinn refused to give Jordan complete control of basketball operations. In February 2010, it was reported that Jordan was seeking majority ownership","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"14575879","text":"divorce. He met and later married Hilary Cecil, an executive recruiter, on March 4, 2000 in New York City. Jordan was a proud grandfather to six grandchildren. Jordan graduated from Yale University in 1957 with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering, then earned a M.S. in Chemical Engineering from Princeton University in 1959. Jordan was a member of the Reserve Officers Training Corps in college. In 1960, he joined the United States Navy as a lieutenant and was selected by Admiral Hyman G. Rickover to serve on his staff, which was developing America’s nuclear submarine force. He left active duty in","title":"Michael H. Jordan"},{"id":"274537","text":"8,772 free throw attempts are the 11th-highest total in NBA history. As his career progressed, Jordan also developed the ability to post up his opponents and score with his trademark fadeaway jump shot, using his leaping ability to \"fade away\" from block attempts. According to Hubie Brown, this move alone made him nearly unstoppable. Despite media criticism as a \"selfish\" player early in his career, Jordan's 5.3 assists per game also indicate his willingness to defer to his teammates. After shooting under 30% from three-point range in his first five seasons in the NBA, including a career-low 13% in the","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274480","text":"ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press' list of athletes of the century. Jordan is a two-time inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, having been enshrined in 2009 for his individual career, and again in 2010 as part of the group induction of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team (\"The Dream Team\"). He became a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2015. Jordan is also known for his product endorsements. He fueled the success of Nike's Air Jordan sneakers, which were introduced in 1984 and remain popular today. Jordan","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"11810277","text":"blocks, while setting the school and conference record for blocked shots with 333 blocks. Jordan was selected with the 44th overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks. On July 8, 2010, his rights were traded to the New York Knicks in exchange for cash considerations. He joined the Knicks for the 2010 NBA Summer League. Later that year, he signed with KK Hemofarm of Serbia for the 2010–11 season. On July 29, 2011, Jordan signed with BC Krka of the Premier A Slovenian Basketball League. Following the conclusion of the NBA lockout, he returned to the","title":"Jerome Jordan"},{"id":"14837001","text":"the final four games averaging 11.0 points, 4.8 rebounds and 1.3 blocks per game. The Sixers finished sixth in the Atlantic Division with a 26–56 record. Top draft pick Clarence Weatherspoon made the All-Rookie Second Team. Following the season, Hersey Hawkins was traded to the Charlotte Hornets, Armen Gilliam and Ron Anderson both signed as free agents with the New Jersey Nets, Lang signed with the Atlanta Hawks, Manute Bol signed with the Miami Heat, and Jordan was released and returned to playing overseas, ending his short lived stint in the NBA. 1992–93 Philadelphia 76ers season The 1992–93 NBA season","title":"1992–93 Philadelphia 76ers season"},{"id":"15462550","text":"October 25. Two days later, he was claimed off waivers by the Utah Jazz. On November 6, he was waived by the Jazz before appearing in a game for them. On November 26, 2014, Hamilton was acquired by the Iowa Energy of the NBA Development League. Three days later, he made his debut for Iowa in a 102–97 loss to the Grand Rapids Drive, recording 11 points, three rebounds, two assists and one steal in 18 minutes off the bench. On December 10, 2014, Hamilton was traded, along with a 2015 second-round pick, to the Reno Bighorns in exchange for","title":"Jordan Hamilton"},{"id":"11002286","text":"2001–02 Washington Wizards season The 2001–02 NBA season was the Wizards' 41st season in the National Basketball Association. After finishing 19–63 the previous season, the Wizards won the Draft Lottery and selected high school star Kwame Brown with the first overall pick in the 2001 NBA draft. This season marked the return of All-Star guard Michael Jordan, who came out of his retirement to play for the Wizards. The team also signed free agent Tyronn Lue, who previously won two championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. Under new head coach Doug Collins, the Wizards struggled with a 2–9 start, but","title":"2001–02 Washington Wizards season"},{"id":"274523","text":"free throw line. Even though he turned 40 during the season, he scored 20 or more points 42 times, 30 or more points nine times, and 40 or more points three times. On February 21, 2003, Jordan became the first 40-year-old to tally 43 points in an NBA game. During his stint with the Wizards, all of Jordan's home games at the MCI Center were sold out, and the Wizards were the second most-watched team in the NBA, averaging 20,172 fans a game at home and 19,311 on the road. However, neither of Jordan's final two seasons resulted in a","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"15220231","text":"1998–99 Utah Jazz season The 1998–99 NBA season was the Jazz's 25th season in the National Basketball Association, and 20th season in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Jazz entered the season once again as runner-ups in the NBA Finals, having lost back-to-back NBA Finals to the Chicago Bulls, both in six games. However, with Michael Jordan retiring for a second time, Scottie Pippen being traded to the Houston Rockets, Dennis Rodman signing with the Los Angeles Lakers as a free agent, and Phil Jackson's contract expiring, it marked the end of the Bulls dynasty, and the Jazz hoped to make","title":"1998–99 Utah Jazz season"},{"id":"12917619","text":"Tom Jordan (baseball) Thomas Jefferson Jordan (born September 5, 1919) is a retired American professional baseball player, a catcher who appeared in 39 Major League games over three seasons for the Chicago White Sox (; ), Cleveland Indians (), and the St. Louis Browns (). Born in Lawton, Oklahoma, Jordan stood tall and weighed . He threw and batted right-handed. Jordan's professional career took place over a twenty-year period, beginning in the minor leagues in 1938 and ending in 1957 after he was a playing manager for a number of unaffiliated teams in the low minors in the Southwestern United","title":"Tom Jordan (baseball)"},{"id":"18649795","text":"multiple awards in 2014–15, including Coaches All-SEC First Team, AP All-SEC First Team, All-SEC Defensive Team, All-District NABC Team, and All-District USBWA Team. On March 31, 2015, Mickey declared for the NBA draft, forgoing his final two years of college eligibility. On June 25, 2015, Mickey was selected with the 33rd overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. On July 20, he signed with the Celtics after playing for the team at the Utah and Las Vegas summer leagues. Over the first two and a half months of the 2015–16 season, Mickey spent the majority of","title":"Jordan Mickey"},{"id":"6406276","text":"and in interviews throughout his career, son Michael recounted that it was his father's vision that he become a baseball star. Baseball was in fact the first sport that Jordan Sr. had taught him to play. Michael recounted that this was a major factor in his decision to switch to the sport after his first NBA retirement. On July 23, 1993, while returning home from a funeral, Jordan Sr. pulled over on US Highway 74 just south of Lumberton, North Carolina, to take a nap. Daniel Andre Green and Larry Martin Demery spotted the car Michael had recently purchased for","title":"James R. Jordan Sr."},{"id":"10238552","text":"opening game of the 2010–11 season, Jordan led UCF to victory against University of West Florida scoring a career high 28 points on 8–11 field-goal shooting and 5–7 from the 3-point line. He also had a team-high 18 points in upsetting number-16 ranked Florida on December 1, 2010. In August 2012, Jordan decided to leave the UCF basketball team, but he would continue to take classes at the school. Jordan opened his shoe store \"Trophy Room\" on May 23, 2016. The chosen date pays reverence to his and his father's jersey numbers. The store is located in Orlando, Florida at","title":"Marcus Jordan"},{"id":"4318989","text":"February, Michael was released from his contract with the Conference club, later joining Southern Premier League team Farnborough. He appeared 64 times in competitive games for them (54 of them in the league), before moving on to join Conference South club Boreham Wood in the summer of 2011. The following summer he was signed by Concord Rangers of Isthmian League Premier Division. He joined Ebbsfleet United as the clubs goalkeeping coach in the summer of 2016, and later registered as a player in case of emergencies. Jordan has represented England at under-17 and under-19 levels. Michael Jordan (footballer) Michael William","title":"Michael Jordan (footballer)"},{"id":"274520","text":"NBA game, in the summer of 2001 Jordan expressed interest in making another comeback, this time with his new team. Inspired by the NHL comeback of his friend Mario Lemieux the previous winter, Jordan spent much of the spring and summer of 2001 in training, holding several invitation-only camps for NBA players in Chicago. In addition, Jordan hired his old Chicago Bulls head coach, Doug Collins, as Washington's coach for the upcoming season, a decision that many saw as foreshadowing another Jordan return. On September 25, 2001, Jordan announced his return to the NBA to play for the Washington Wizards,","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"7431975","text":"after the Game 6 win, Jordan repeatedly stated, \"I'm glad for Bobby Hansen.\" When Hansen gave Jordan the game ball, Jordan replied, \"I told you I'd get you that ring.\" Hansen had logged 5 minutes of game time, while Jordan played in 43 minutes. Having won his championship ring, Hansen retired from the NBA in 1992. Hansen is a color-commentator for Iowa Hawkeyes' basketball broadcasts. He calls games with Gary Dolphin. He has also run many summer basketball camps for Chicago-area children. He was named to the \"Des Moines Register\" Iowa Sports Hall of Fame in 1999. Bob Hansen Robert","title":"Bob Hansen"},{"id":"6516775","text":"6 in Orlando). When Michael Jordan retired in 1993, the Chicago Bulls retired his 23; when he came out of retirement he chose to wear 45 until, during the 1995 NBA post-season, he went back to his familiar 23. Also, players cannot change numbers midseason, but they used to be able to (Andre Iguodala and Antoine Wright changed from No. 4 and No. 15 to No. 9 and No. 21 for Chris Webber and Vince Carter, respectively). Since Kelenna Azubuike was inactive all season, Carmelo Anthony was able to wear Azubuike's No. 7 when traded to the Knicks in 2011,","title":"Number (sports)"},{"id":"10238549","text":"Marcus Jordan Marcus James Jordan (born December 24, 1990) is an American former college basketball player who played for the UCF Knights men's basketball team of Conference USA. He is the son of retired Hall of Fame basketball player Michael Jordan. Jordan was born December 24, 1990, to Michael Jordan and Juanita Vanoy. He has an older brother, Jeffrey. Marcus along with Jeffrey both played for Loyola Academy (graduated in 2007), and transferred from Illinois to UCF to play his final season of college basketball with Marcus. However, Jeffrey left UCF in January 2012. Marcus Jordan originally played high school","title":"Marcus Jordan"},{"id":"18277070","text":"Thomas Jordan (basketball) Thomas Edward Jordan (born May 23, 1968) is an American former professional basketball player whose career spanned from 1988 to 2003. Jordan played college basketball at Oklahoma State University. He was ineligible as a freshman in 1987–88, and in his sophomore year, he averaged 13.8 points and 5.8 rebounds per game. Jordan's decision to leave college early to play professionally was due to a lack of team chemistry. Jordan said that he never \"enjoyed\" basketball, he only \"played it.\" He used the sport as a means to get a free college education, and any desires of playing","title":"Thomas Jordan (basketball)"},{"id":"3569454","text":"The Houston Rockets were down 3 games to 1 to the Phoenix Suns in the Semi-Finals and won 2 out of 3 games on the road, including game 7 to advance to the Conference Finals. After his short stint with baseball, Jordan returned to basketball late in the 1994–95 season. Although he did not lead the Bulls to the Finals, he returned to pre-retirement form the next season while the team acquired perennial rebounding champion Dennis Rodman. The 1995–96 Bulls finished the regular season 72–10, attaining, at the time, the best regular season record in NBA history. They dominated in","title":"NBA Finals"},{"id":"11090201","text":"the 1990s and became a major gathering spot for Chicago Bulls fans during the team's championship runs. Gene Silverberg said he and his brother began feuding with Jordan in 1996, when Jordan reportedly attempted to change the restaurant from a family-oriented business to a more upscale establishment. In 1997, Jordan opened his own Chicago restaurant, the more formal One Sixtyblue, and generally stopped appearing at the other except for charity events. Jordan's namesake restaurant continued to draw crowds despite his absence, but after Jordan's second retirement in January 1999, the Silverbergs announced that they would remodel the site as Sammy","title":"Michael Jordan's Restaurant"},{"id":"274479","text":"of the Wizards. Jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include six NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) Awards, ten scoring titles (both all-time records), five MVP Awards, ten All-NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game selections, three All-Star Game MVP Awards, three steals titles, and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He holds the NBA records for highest career regular season scoring average (30.12 points per game) and highest career playoff scoring average (33.45 points per game). In 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century by","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"8248031","text":"After graduating with a degree in sociology in 1986, he was accepted to the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. Upon retirement, Jackson assumed management positions with the United States Olympic Committee and Turner Sports and served as the president of Yankees–Nets (currently known as YES Network). He worked in a number of executive positions at Nike, Inc, including vice president and general manager of global basketball from 2014 to 2016. Michael Jackson (basketball) Michael Derek Jackson (born July 13, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the New York Knicks in the 2nd round","title":"Michael Jackson (basketball)"},{"id":"17386399","text":"to start in 5 games but was inconsistent, going 0-3 with an ERA of 5.61. He was sent down to AAA, where he would start 6 games before being shut down due to an elbow injury. In 2016, Jordan began the season with the Syracuse Chiefs and made 3 starts, going 0-0 with a 1.72 ERA. The Nationals announced that Jordan would undergo a second Tommy John surgery and would miss the remainder of the 2016 season. On June 28, 2016, Jordan was released by the Nationals. On March 19, 2018, Jordan signed with the Sioux City Explorers of the","title":"Taylor Jordan"},{"id":"3363423","text":"tenure.) The Pacers played in Market Square Arena after they joined the NBA. Michael Jordan's return to the Chicago Bulls after his first retirement took place at Market Square Arena in a loss to the Pacers on March 19, 1995. The final Pacers game played in Market Square Arena was a pre-season exhibition game against the Utah Jazz on October 23, 1999. The arena also hosted the 1980 NCAA men's basketball Final Four & the Midwestern Collegiate Conference (now Horizon League) men's basketball conference tournament from 1986 to 1988 and again in 1993. In 1987, Indianapolis hosted the Pan American","title":"Market Square Arena"},{"id":"14575878","text":"Michael H. Jordan Michael H. Jordan (June 13, 1936 – May 25, 2010) was an American businessman. He served as the Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo Worldwide Foods (1986–1990), Westinghouse Electric Corporation (1993–1998), CBS Corporation (1995–1998), and Electronic Data Systems (2003–2007). Jordan was born in Kansas City, Missouri, to Mary Virginia Witt and Hugh Franklin Jordan. He was raised in a lower-middle-class area in the wake of the Great Depression. He wed Kathryn Hiett in Toledo, Ohio, on April 8, 1961. Married for 38 years, Kim gave birth to two children, Kathryn (Kate Donaldson) and Stephen. The marriage ended in","title":"Michael H. Jordan"},{"id":"274541","text":"minute. After he scored a playoff record 63 points against the Boston Celtics on April 20, 1986, Bird described him as \"God disguised as Michael Jordan\". Jordan led the NBA in scoring in 10 seasons (NBA record) and tied Wilt Chamberlain's record of seven consecutive scoring titles. He was also a fixture on the NBA All-Defensive First Team, making the roster nine times (NBA record shared with Gary Payton, Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant). Jordan also holds the top career regular season and playoff scoring averages of 30.1 and 33.4 points per game, respectively. By 1998, the season of his","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274488","text":"in December. The fans also voted in Jordan as an All-Star starter during his rookie season. Controversy arose before the All-Star game when word surfaced that several veteran players—led by Isiah Thomas—were upset by the amount of attention Jordan was receiving. This led to a so-called \"freeze-out\" on Jordan, where players refused to pass the ball to him throughout the game. The controversy left Jordan relatively unaffected when he returned to regular season play, and he would go on to be voted Rookie of the Year. The Bulls finished the season 38–44 and lost to the Milwaukee Bucks in four","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"274535","text":"field goals or free throws in the last 30 seconds, including two NBA Finals games and five other playoff contests. His competitiveness was visible in his prolific trash-talk and well-known work ethic. As the Bulls organization built the franchise around Jordan, management had to trade away players who were not \"tough enough\" to compete with him in practice. To help improve his defense, he spent extra hours studying film of opponents. On offense, he relied more upon instinct and improvisation at game time. Noted as a durable player, Jordan did not miss four or more games while active for a","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"11904462","text":"1998–99 Indiana Pacers season The 1998–99 NBA season was the Pacers' 23rd season in the National Basketball Association, and 32nd season as a franchise. The Pacers entered the season as a heavy favorite, because Michael Jordan retired and other members of the Chicago Bulls were broken up by their management. During the offseason, the team signed free agent Sam Perkins, who played in the 1991 NBA Finals with the Los Angeles Lakers, and the 1996 NBA Finals with the Seattle SuperSonics. After a four-month lockout, the Pacers won the Central Division with a record of 33 wins and 17 losses.","title":"1998–99 Indiana Pacers season"},{"id":"15883969","text":"and sold at $10,000 ($ in dollars) each as a fundraiser for the James Jordan Boys & Girls Club. The TNT 2-hour broadcast of the original ceremony had also been in part a fundraiser for the Boys & Girls Club, but some had thought it was overdone and ungraceful. At times, the statue has been adorned with various Chicago Blackhawks player jerseys. When Denis Savard's jersey was retired on March 19, 1998, fans put his jersey on the statue, but it was removed one hour later. During the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals, United Center personnel added an ice hockey helmet,","title":"Michael Jordan statue"},{"id":"18566142","text":"On March 22, he parted ways with Paris-Levallois. Three days later, he was acquired by the Canton Charge of the NBA Development League. On March 26, he made his debut for the Charge in a 122–111 win over the Erie BayHawks, recording one point, six rebounds, two assists and one steal in 11 minutes off the bench. On August 23, 2016, Morgan signed with Kymis of the Greek Basket League. On July 4, 2017, he signed a one-year deal with Slovenian club Olimpija. Jordan Morgan Jordan Daniel Morgan (born September 15, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for Banvit","title":"Jordan Morgan"},{"id":"274547","text":"last title. Television ratings in particular increased only during his time in the league, and Finals ratings have not returned to the level reached during his last championship-winning season. In August 2009, the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, opened a Michael Jordan exhibit that contained items from his college and NBA careers, as well as from the 1992 \"Dream Team\". The exhibit also has a batting glove to signify Jordan's short career in Minor League Baseball. After Jordan received word of his acceptance into the Hall of Fame, he selected Class of 1996 member David Thompson","title":"Michael Jordan"},{"id":"11810279","text":"he was later waived by the Grizzlies on October 27, 2012. On December 18, 2012, Jordan was acquired by the Reno Bighorns of the NBA Development League. On February 4, 2013, he was named to the Futures All-Star roster for the 2013 NBA D-League All-Star Game. On February 25, 2013, Jordan was traded to the Los Angeles D-Fenders. In April 2013, he joined the Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters as an import for the 2013 Commissioner's Cup. In July 2013, Jordan joined the Indiana Pacers for the Orlando Summer League and the New York Knicks for the Las Vegas Summer","title":"Jerome Jordan"},{"id":"5772416","text":"played for the Washington Wizards during the 2002–03 NBA season, which was Jordan's last. In 2009, Jordan mentioned Russell in his Hall of Fame induction speech, recalling an interaction they had during Jordan's first retirement in 1994: \"[A]t this time, I had no thoughts of coming back and playing the game of basketball. Bryon Russell came over to me and said, 'Why did you quit? You know I could guard you.' ... From this day forward, if I ever see [Russell] in shorts, I'm coming at him.\" In response, Russell challenged Jordan to a game of one-on-one for charity. Such","title":"Bryon Russell"},{"id":"11256071","text":"However, Ceballos' name was still kept on the roster even though he did not play in the game. Michael Jordan missed this all-star game because this was his first retirement from basketball since he wanted to pursue a career in professional baseball. Cedric Ceballos did not participate due to injury. <br> 1995 NBA All-Star Game The 1995 NBA All-Star Game was the 45th edition of the All-Star Game. The Western Conference won 139-112. The city of Phoenix hosted the event. Mitch Richmond of the Sacramento Kings was voted MVP of the game. The 1995 NBA All-Star Game was broadcast by","title":"1995 NBA All-Star Game"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"274478\",\n \"text\": \"won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a \\\"three-peat\\\". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball before the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season, and started a new career in Minor League Baseball, he returned to the Bulls in March 1995 and led them to three additional championships in 1996, 1997, and 1998, as well as a then-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan retired for a second time in January 1999, but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13503492\",\n \"text\": \"of golfing. The film ends with Michael in an empty arena after a game and he shoots a basket while flashbacks of his childhood when his father taught him how to shoot appear. The closing titles mentions that Jordan retired from basketball for good on January 13, 1999. However, in real life, he made a short-lived comeback in 2001 when he played for the Washington Wizards until 2003 when he retired again. Michael Jordan: An American Hero Michael Jordan: An American Hero is an American television film that aired on Fox Family Channel on April 18, 1999. It stars Michael\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan: An American Hero\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274504\",\n \"text\": \"Girls Club and dedicated it to his father. In his 1998 autobiography \\\"For the Love of the Game\\\", Jordan wrote that he had been preparing for retirement as early as the summer of 1992. The added exhaustion due to the Dream Team run in the 1992 Olympics solidified Jordan's feelings about the game and his ever-growing celebrity status. Jordan's announcement sent shock waves throughout the NBA and appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world. Jordan then further surprised the sports world by signing a Minor League Baseball contract with the Chicago White Sox on February 7, 1994.\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274507\",\n \"text\": \"shell of the championship team of just two years earlier. Struggling at mid-season to ensure a spot in the playoffs, Chicago was 31–31 at one point in mid-March. The team received help, however, when Jordan decided to return to the Bulls. In March 1995, Jordan decided to quit baseball due to the ongoing Major League Baseball strike, as he wanted to avoid becoming a potential replacement player. On March 18, 1995, Jordan announced his return to the NBA through a two-word press release: \\\"I'm back.\\\" The next day, Jordan took to the court with the Bulls to face the Indiana\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274518\",\n \"text\": \"for second place with three apiece. The 1998 Finals holds the highest television rating of any Finals series in history. Game 6 also holds the highest television rating of any game in NBA history. With Phil Jackson's contract expiring, the pending departures of Scottie Pippen and Dennis Rodman looming, and being in the latter stages of an owner-induced lockout of NBA players, Jordan retired for the second time on January 13, 1999. On January 19, 2000, Jordan returned to the NBA not as a player, but as part owner and president of basketball operations for the Washington Wizards. Jordan's responsibilities\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274529\",\n \"text\": \"may have also influenced the trade of Richard \\\"Rip\\\" Hamilton for Jerry Stackhouse (although Jordan was not technically Director of Basketball Operations in 2002). On May 7, 2003, Wizards owner Abe Pollin fired Jordan as the team's president of basketball operations. Jordan later stated that he felt betrayed, and that if he had known he would be fired upon retiring he never would have come back to play for the Wizards. Jordan kept busy over the next few years. He stayed in shape, played golf in celebrity charity tournaments, and spent time with his family in Chicago. He also promoted\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274476\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Jordan Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, is an American former professional basketball player. He played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. His biography on the official NBA website states: \\\"By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time.\\\" Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. He is currently the principal owner and chairman of the NBA's Charlotte Hornets.\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274524\",\n \"text\": \"playoff appearance for the Wizards, and Jordan was often unsatisfied with the play of those around him. At several points he openly criticized his teammates to the media, citing their lack of focus and intensity, notably that of the number one draft pick in the 2001 NBA draft, Kwame Brown. With the recognition that 2002–03 would be Jordan's final season, tributes were paid to him throughout the NBA. In his final game at the United Center in Chicago, which was his old home court, Jordan received a four-minute standing ovation. The Miami Heat retired the number 23 jersey on April\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10969992\",\n \"text\": \"was a long rebuilding process between 1998 and 2004, and the Bulls did not return to the postseason until 2005. The season also saw Jordan earn his fifth and final NBA Most Valuable Player Award, while being selected for the 1998 NBA All-Star Game, where he also won his third and final All-Star Game MVP Award. Following the season, Jackson resigned as Head Coach, Jordan retired for the second time, Pippen was traded to the Houston Rockets, Rodman later signed with the Los Angeles Lakers as a free agent, Luc Longley was dealt to the Phoenix Suns, three-point specialist Steve\",\n \"title\": \"1997–98 Chicago Bulls season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10969991\",\n \"text\": \"championship. The championship was their sixth in eight years and completed the franchise's second \\\"3-peat\\\". This was Michael Jordan's last season as a Bull, as he announced his second retirement after it was over. However, he did make a second comeback with the Washington Wizards in 2001. Also leaving Chicago after the season were starters Pippen and Dennis Rodman as well as head coach Phil Jackson—however, he did return to coach the Los Angeles Lakers in 1999. Because of these departures, this was the last season for the Bulls dynasty that had headlined the NBA throughout the 1990s. What followed\",\n \"title\": \"1997–98 Chicago Bulls season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10998499\",\n \"text\": \"season at Chicago Stadium before moving to the new United Center. Following the season, Horace Grant signed as a free agent with the Orlando Magic, Bill Cartwright signed with the Seattle SuperSonics, Scott Williams signed with the Philadelphia 76ers, and John Paxson retired. On October 6, 1993, Michael Jordan announced his retirement at age 30, citing a loss in his desire to play the game. Jordan later stated that the murder of his father three months earlier shaped his decision. James R. Jordan, Sr. was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, found\",\n \"title\": \"1993–94 Chicago Bulls season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15883960\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Jordan statue The Michael Jordan statue, also known as The Spirit (and sometimes referred to as Michael Jordan's Spirit), is a bronze sculpture by Omri Amrany and Julie Rotblatt-Amrany that has been located inside the United Center in the Near West Side community area of Chicago since March 1, 2017. The sculpture was originally commissioned after Jordan's initial retirement following three consecutive NBA championships and unveiled prior to the Bulls taking residence in their new home stadium the following year. Depicting Basketball Hall of Fame member Michael Jordan and unveiled outside the United Center on November 1, 1994, the\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan statue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7034118\",\n \"text\": \"Michael-Hakim Jordan Michael-Hakim Jordan, also referred to as Mike Jordan (born June 24, 1977), is a former American professional basketball player and current men's basketball assistant coach at Colgate University. After starring at the Abington Friends School, Jordan moved on to a college basketball career at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was the 1999–2000 Ivy League Player of the Year as a senior. The 6'0\\\" (1.83 m) point guard then went on to try out in semi-professional leagues such as the USBL, the IBL and the NRL. Prior the National Basketball Association's 2000-01 regular season, he tried out with\",\n \"title\": \"Michael-Hakim Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274551\",\n \"text\": \"of Illinois. After two seasons, Jeffrey left the Illinois basketball team in 2009. He later rejoined the team for a third season, then received a release to transfer to the University of Central Florida, where Marcus was attending. Marcus transferred to Whitney Young High School after his sophomore year at Loyola Academy and graduated in 2009. He began attending UCF in the fall of 2009, and played three seasons of basketball for the school. On July 21, 2006, a judge in Cook County, Illinois, determined that Jordan did not owe his alleged former lover Karla Knafel $5 million in a\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274528\",\n \"text\": \"was the only player to start all 8 games in the Olympics. Playing limited minutes due to the frequent blowouts, Jordan averaged 14.9 ppg, finishing second on the team in scoring. Jordan and fellow Dream Team members Patrick Ewing and Chris Mullin are the only American men's basketball players to win Olympic gold medals as amateurs and professionals. After his third retirement, Jordan assumed that he would be able to return to his front office position as Director of Basketball Operations with the Wizards. However, his previous tenure in the Wizards' front office had produced the aforementioned mixed results and\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14575881\",\n \"text\": \"headquartered in Pittsburgh. He led the company through one of the most comprehensive transformations of a major U.S. corporation, including its purchase of CBS Corporation, as the company was renamed. He retired from CBS in December 1998, became a private investor and authored a mystery novel. In 2003, the board of Electronic Data Systems asked Jordan to lead the company. As Chairman and CEO, he led a financial and operational turnaround. In 2007, he stepped down. He remained with the company as Chairman Emeritus until it was purchased by Hewlett Packard in 2008. Jordan served on several corporate, private and\",\n \"title\": \"Michael H. Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16044137\",\n \"text\": \"in the fourth round, 105th overall, at the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. Jordán made his professional debut in the 2010–11 season with the Hurricanes' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Charlotte Checkers. On 9 October 2014, just prior to the commencement of the 2014–15 season, his fifth with the Checkers, Jordán was named team captain. After six-years within the Hurricanes organization, Jordan left as a free agent following the 2015–16 season. On October 7, 2016, he belatedly signed a one-year deal for the duration of the 2016–17 season with Ak Bars Kazan of the KHL. He was limited to 27\",\n \"title\": \"Michal Jordán\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274502\",\n \"text\": \"at it. If you're willing to jeopardize your livelihood and your family, then yeah.\\\" When Bradley asked him if his gambling ever got to the level where it jeopardized his livelihood or family, Jordan replied, \\\"No.\\\" On October 6, 1993, Jordan announced his retirement, citing a loss of desire to play the game. Jordan later stated that the death of his father three months earlier also shaped his decision. Jordan's father was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, by two teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin Demery, who carjacked his luxury Lexus\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274542\",\n \"text\": \"Finals-winning shot against the Jazz, he was well known throughout the league as a clutch performer. In the regular season, Jordan was the Bulls' primary threat in the final seconds of a close game and in the playoffs; he would always ask for the ball at crunch time. Jordan's total of 5,987 points in the playoffs is the second-highest in NBA history. He retired with 32,292 points in regular season play, placing him fourth on the NBA's all-time scoring list behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Karl Malone, and Kobe Bryant. With five regular-season MVPs (tied for second place with Bill Russell—only Kareem\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11002289\",\n \"text\": \"the Wizards signed Michael Jordan. Jordan, at 38 years old, would be the team's points-per-game leader during the season. He also led the team in assists per game. On October 8, the Wizards waived small forward Mike Smith. On October 24, the team released Kornél Dávid. After retiring from the Chicago Bulls in early 1999, Michael Jordan became the Washington Wizards' president of basketball operations as well as a minority owner in January 2000. However, in September 2001, Michael Jordan came out of retirement at age 38 to play basketball for the Washington Wizards. Jordan stated that he was returning\",\n \"title\": \"2001–02 Washington Wizards season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14529073\",\n \"text\": \"win against Canterbury United. On 19 March 2010, Jordan announced his retirement from all levels of domestic and international football, citing ongoing knee injuries. Jordan had not played a full game since the 2009 Club World Cup, and he felt it the right time to retire, after what he conceded was an ultimately successful career. Jordan died of cancer on 21 October 2013, aged 37, in his hometown of Pretoria. The cancer had started as a melanoma spot thirteen years earlier, and eventually spread to his brain. Keryn Jordan Keryn Jordan (1 November 1975 – 21 October 2013) was a\",\n \"title\": \"Keryn Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274485\",\n \"text\": \"which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing. Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career. During his three seasons at North Carolina, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rpg. He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All-American First Team in both his sophomore (1983) and junior (1984) seasons. After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft. The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9474389\",\n \"text\": \"and his \\\"life after basketball\\\". Jordan later decided to return to the team, but after the 2009–10 season, he received a release to transfer to the University of Central Florida alongside his brother, Marcus. In January 2012, Jordan left the UCF team for \\\"personal reasons\\\". As of November 4, 2013, Jordan lives in Portland, Oregon, where he has entered Nike Inc.'s management-training program. Jeffrey Jordan Jeffrey Michael Jordan (born November 18, 1988) is an American former basketball player who played for the University of Central Florida Knights and the University of Illinois Fighting Illini. He played high school basketball for\",\n \"title\": \"Jeffrey Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4444294\",\n \"text\": \"in 2000 and 2001. In January 1999, Michael Jordan announced his retirement for the second time; he would come out of retirement for the second and final time in 2001 with the Washington Wizards and played two seasons with the team. However, neither season ended with a playoff appearance. Scottie Pippen was traded to the Houston Rockets during the offseason and played his last season (2003–04) with the Bulls. Dennis Rodman, released by the Bulls in the offseason, signed with the Lakers mid-season, playing only 23 games before being released. In January 1999, the Bulls re-signed Steve Kerr and traded\",\n \"title\": \"1998 NBA Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"802760\",\n \"text\": \"then stole the ball from Karl Malone and hit the game winning shot with 5.2 seconds remaining on the clock. With a score of 87–86, John Stockton put up a three-pointer, but missed, giving the Bulls their sixth championship in eight years. Jordan would be named the Finals MVP for the sixth time in his career. He retired for the second time on January 13, 1999. The summer of 1998 brought an abrupt end to the championship era. Krause felt that the Bulls were on the verge of being too old and unable to compete. He decided that the team's\",\n \"title\": \"Chicago Bulls\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274508\",\n \"text\": \"Pacers in Indianapolis, scoring 19 points. The game had the highest Nielsen rating of a regular season NBA game since 1975. Although he could have opted to wear his normal number in spite of the Bulls having retired it, Jordan instead wore number 45, as he had while playing baseball. Although he had not played an NBA game in a year and a half, Jordan played well upon his return, making a game-winning jump shot against Atlanta in his fourth game back. He then scored 55 points in the next game against the Knicks at Madison Square Garden on March\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7034119\",\n \"text\": \"the Philadelphia 76ers and the Boston Celtics but was unsuccessful in securing a contract with either. He has since played in countries such as Spain, Venezuela, Latvia, France, and more recently for the Artland Dragons Quakenbrück and RheinEnergie Köln in Germany. In 2006-07 season, he played in the Italian Serie A league for Pallacanestro Cantù. In 2007-08 he played for Spirou Charleroi and PAOK BC. During the latter part of the 2008-2009 season, Jordan rejoined the Koln 99ers of the Basketball Bundesliga. During the 2009-2010 season, he joined Phoenix Hagen also of the Basketball Bundesliga. For most of his life\",\n \"title\": \"Michael-Hakim Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11442567\",\n \"text\": \"2008. On July 29, 2008, Jordan was released from the San Francisco 49ers (upon his own personal decision), so that he could tend to a death in his family. Ex-head coach Mike Nolan was reported saying that he wanted to bring the un-drafted rookie back some time in the near future so that he may attend practice squad. On April 13, 2010, Jordan signed with the British Columbia Lions. On July 26, 2010, he was released by the Lions. On August 15, 2011, Jordan signed with the Florida Tarpons. He is the cousin of former Cal running back and current\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Jordan (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274559\",\n \"text\": \"1990, and formerly had a Lincoln–Mercury dealership from 1995 until its closure in June 2009. The company also owned a Nissan franchise in Glen Burnie, Maryland. The restaurant industry is another business interest of Jordan's. His restaurants include a steakhouse in New York City's Grand Central Terminal, among others. Michael Jordan Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, is an American former professional basketball player. He played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. His biography on the official NBA website states: \\\"By acclamation, Michael Jordan\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274525\",\n \"text\": \"11, 2003, even though Jordan never played for the team. At the 2003 All-Star Game, Jordan was offered a starting spot from Tracy McGrady and Allen Iverson, but refused both. In the end, he accepted the spot of Vince Carter, who decided to give it up under great public pressure. Jordan played in his final NBA game on April 16, 2003, in Philadelphia. After scoring only 13 points in the game, Jordan went to the bench with 4 minutes and 13 seconds remaining in the third quarter and his team trailing the Philadelphia 76ers, 75–56. Just after the start of\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274506\",\n \"text\": \"in, 30 stolen bases, 114 strikeouts, 51 base on balls, and 11 errors. He also appeared for the Scottsdale Scorpions in the 1994 Arizona Fall League, batting .252 against the top prospects in baseball. On November 1, 1994, his number 23 was retired by the Bulls in a ceremony that included the erection of a permanent sculpture known as \\\"The Spirit\\\" outside the new United Center. In the 1993–94 season, the Bulls achieved a 55–27 record without Jordan in the lineup, and lost to the New York Knicks in the second round of the playoffs. The 1994–95 Bulls were a\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4433697\",\n \"text\": \"heel wrap) and Fine Italian dress shoes (bold stitching on the soles). The shoe was retro-ed in 2008. Released in 2004, this is the first Jordan release after his third, and final, retirement which came after the 2002–03 NBA season. The design was inspired by the black mamba snake, and two original colorways where released: white/flint grey and black/red. Three regional colorways and three special edition colorways were released. They consisted of the East, West, and Midwest edition for regular and West, East, and Olympic for the SE (special edition). The \\\"Air Jordan XIX\\\" used innovative materials. The upper section\",\n \"title\": \"Air Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14575880\",\n \"text\": \"1964. From 1964-1974, Jordan served as consultant and principal at McKinsey & Company. Michael joined PepsiCo in 1974, where he held various senior executive positions. Among the positions he held at the company were president of the International Foods and Beverages Division, and CFO. He retired in July 1992 as Chairman and CEO of its PepsiCo International Foods and Beverages Division. Jordan’s retirement was short-lived. In 1992-1993, he became a principal of Clayton, Dubilier & Rice (CD&R), one of the oldest private investment firms. In 1993, he was recruited as the first outside Chairman and CEO of Westinghouse Electric Corporation\",\n \"title\": \"Michael H. Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15883962\",\n \"text\": \"All-NBA Team first team selection, NBA All-Defensive Team first team selection, and the NBA Finals MVP. After Jordan retired following the 1992–93 NBA season, Chicago Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf sought a sculptor to honor Jordan and requested that Chicago Bulls Vice President Steve Schanwald seek proposals from artists. Twelve artists made proposals. In January 1994, Schanwald hired Omri and Julie Rotblatt-Amrany of Highland Park, Illinois, who erected a statue at the Bulls' new home for the 1994–95 NBA season, the United Center. Until 1994 when they both moved, the Bulls and Blackhawks had played at Chicago Stadium. While the sculpture\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan statue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274521\",\n \"text\": \"indicating his intention to donate his salary as a player to a relief effort for the victims of the September 11 attacks. In an injury-plagued 2001–02 season, he led the team in scoring (22.9 ppg), assists (5.2 apg), and steals (1.42 spg). However, torn cartilage in his right knee ended Jordan's season after only 60 games, the fewest he had played in a regular season since playing 17 games after returning from his first retirement during the 1994–95 season. Jordan started 53 of his 60 games for the season, averaging 24.3 points, 5.4 assists, and 6.0 rebounds, and shooting 41.9%\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6718933\",\n \"text\": \"interviews to a legitimate news gathering and breaking news operation.\\\" On March 22, 1989, Gray got the exclusive and only television interview with NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle, in Palm Springs, California, when he suddenly decided to retire. On October 5, 1993, on CBS, during the White Sox vs Blue Jays playoff game, Gray reported during the game that Bulls minority owner Eddie Einhorn told him that Michael Jordan would retire from the NBA Chicago Bulls the next day. Jordan was in attendance at the game with Einhorn. Gray followed Jordan out of the stadium to the parking lot with a\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Gray (sportscaster)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6477399\",\n \"text\": \"Jordan's father, James R. Jordan, Sr., was murdered. Distraught by the murder of his father, Jordan announced his retirement from basketball a few weeks before the 1993–94 NBA season began, citing a loss of desire to play basketball. Even without Jordan, the Bulls still managed to win 55 games behind the All-Star efforts of Scottie Pippen; however the loss of Jordan was steep to overcome, and following a controversial call that gave the New York Knicks a win in Game 5, the Bulls lost to Knicks in the conference semi-finals of the 1994 NBA Playoffs in Game 7. Jordan returned\",\n \"title\": \"1993 NBA Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4318987\",\n \"text\": \"and Bournemouth, Jordan signed for Yeovil Town on 9 March 2006 on a month's loan as goalkeeping cover during an injury crisis. The loan was later extended to the end of the season, at which time Yeovil declined to make the deal permanent and the player returned to Arsenal. On 30 June 2006, Arsenal released Jordan. In July 2006, Jordan was invited for a week's trial at League One side Chesterfield by manager Roy McFarland. The trial became a permanent deal, with Jordan playing six times for Chesterfield in the following twelve months. At the end of the 2006–07 season,\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan (footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9899703\",\n \"text\": \"Chapel Hill football star Charlie \\\"Choo Choo\\\" Justice's jersey. Basketball great and Wilmington, North Carolina, native Michael Jordan was conspicuously missing from the hall for many years because, even though he had been selected for induction, he had been \\\"unable\\\" to attend the required induction banquet. In 2010, it was announced that Jordan would be formally inducted to the hall. Uniquely, his ceremony was held at halftime of a Charlotte Bobcats game (Jordan owns the NBA team). The North Carolina Museum of History Associates is the membership arm of the North Carolina Museum of History. The group assists the museum\",\n \"title\": \"North Carolina Museum of History\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"802590\",\n \"text\": \"franchise low). On February 23, 2001, the Wizards were involved in a blockbuster trade days before the trading deadline. The team sent Juwan Howard, Obinna Ekezie and Calvin Booth to the Dallas Mavericks. In return, Washington received Hubert Davis, Courtney Alexander, Christian Laettner, Loy Vaught and Etan Thomas along with $3 million. After retiring from the Chicago Bulls in early 1999, Michael Jordan became the Washington Wizards' president of basketball operations as well as a minority owner in January 2000. In September 2001, Jordan came out of retirement at age 38 to play for Washington. Jordan stated that he was\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Wizards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274519\",\n \"text\": \"with the Wizards were comprehensive. He controlled all aspects of the Wizards' basketball operations, and had the final say in all personnel matters. Opinions of Jordan as a basketball executive were mixed. He managed to purge the team of several highly paid, unpopular players (such as forward Juwan Howard and point guard Rod Strickland), but used the first pick in the 2001 NBA draft to select high schooler Kwame Brown, who did not live up to expectations and was traded away after four seasons. Despite his January 1999 claim that he was \\\"99.9% certain\\\" that he would never play another\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10998521\",\n \"text\": \"agent) pending, and Michael Jordan retiring for the second time on January 13, 1999 during the latter stages of an owner-induced lockout of NBA players, it marked the end of the Bulls dynasty in the 1990s. Under new head coach Tim Floyd and free agent signing Brent Barry, the Bulls were a shell of their former selves, losing eight of their first nine games of the season. The team finished in last place in the Central Division with a 13–37 record. Toni Kukoč led the team in scoring with 18.8 points per game. On April 10, 1999, the Bulls set\",\n \"title\": \"1998–99 Chicago Bulls season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4772726\",\n \"text\": \"265). Jordan played for the Los Angeles Lakers during the 1980–81 season, and was a member of the 1982 NBA World Championship team. He played for the Lakers for four years and then played briefly with the Portland Trail Blazers. Jordan retired from the NBA after the 1983–84 season. Over his seven-year NBA career, Jordan averaged 8.1 points, 3.8 assists and 1.82 steals per game. After retiring from the NBA in 1984, Jordan was a volunteer assistant at Rutgers University under his former college head coach, and his eventual Wizards' assistant, Tom Young. Jordan followed Young to Old Dominion University\",\n \"title\": \"Eddie Jordan (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7273387\",\n \"text\": \"five of six NFL title games in eight seasons and won the first two Super Bowls. A tenacious competitor on the field, Jordan was the vibrant and jovial wit among Lombardi's Packers, and was highly regarded by his teammates. Highly quotable, his outgoing personality put him in demand as an after-dinner speaker. Most notably: “Lombardi treats us all the same, like dogs.” Jordan retired at age 35 in February 1970, after an injury-filled 1969 season. In 1970, Jordan relocated south to Milwaukee to create and oversee Summerfest. In 1974, Jordan was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame. In\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18396575\",\n \"text\": \"active but did not see action in two games; he was on the inactive list on four others. Arizona waived him midseason in October, and he was claimed by the Cincinnati Bengals, who released him the following month. During the 1997 offseason, he married Jenny Johnson, who was a volleyball player at UCLA when they met in 1992. Jordan tried out with the Denver Broncos in 1998, but he struggled with injuries and was cut. After his playing career ended, Jordan became a missionary with Athletes in Action, a college religious organization, and also became a chaplain for the UCLA\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin Jordan (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11002675\",\n \"text\": \"2002–03 Washington Wizards season The 2002–03 NBA season was the Wizards' 42nd season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Wizards acquired All-Star guard Jerry Stackhouse from the Detroit Pistons and signed free agents Larry Hughes, Bryon Russell and Charles Oakley. The Wizards got off to a 6–4 start to the season, but then struggled losing six straight games afterwards. The team finished fifth in the Atlantic Division with a 37–45 record, which was the same as the previous season. This marked the final season for All-Star guard Michael Jordan, who retired for the third and final time.\",\n \"title\": \"2002–03 Washington Wizards season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4433681\",\n \"text\": \"the red inserts on the outsole. The outsole's design features a striped (wavy) design, which list many of Jordan's accomplishments. They retailed at $160. The Air Jordan X was released again in an \\\"OVO\\\" collaboration in 2015 and 2016, releasing in white and black colorways respectively with stingray detailing. The shoe was retro-ed in 2005, 2008, 2012–2016, and 2018. This model was designed by Tinker Hatfield. When the shoe launched, Michael Jordan (retired from basketball by then) was with the Birmingham Barons in baseball's minor baseball leagues. Hatfield designed the sneaker waiting for Jordan to come back and hoping he\",\n \"title\": \"Air Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6094432\",\n \"text\": \"1997–98 NBA season The 1997–98 NBA season was the 52nd season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Chicago Bulls winning their third straight championship and sixth in the last eight years, beating the Utah Jazz 4 games to 2 in the 1998 NBA Finals. It also marked the departure of Michael Jordan and the end of the dynasty for the Chicago Bulls before Jordan returned in 2001 for the Washington Wizards. This was the last time that both NBA and NHL regular seasons ended on the same day. Notes Teams in bold advanced to the next\",\n \"title\": \"1997–98 NBA season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15883964\",\n \"text\": \"be.\\\" The base also includes a list of his accomplishments. The bronze statue used lost-wax casting. The sculpture has led to a lot of similar work for the couple. The sculpture's official address is United Center, 1901 W. Madison Street. Officially named \\\"The Spirit\\\", it is located inside the United Center (Gate 4). The United Center opened on August 18, 1994. The exact pose of Jordan in midflight is left for artistic interpretation, but speculations include his 63-point performance against Boston in the 1986 NBA Playoffs, the 1988 NBA All-Star Game slam-dunk contest at Chicago Stadium and his jumpman logo\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan statue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15883961\",\n \"text\": \"sculpture stands atop a black granite base. Although not critically well received, the statue has established its own legacy as a meeting place for fans at subsequent Bulls championships and as a rallying point for Chicago Blackhawks fans during their prideful times. Michael Jordan had spent his entire career with the Chicago Bulls since being drafted in the 1984 NBA Draft by the team with the third overall selection. Eventually, he led the Bulls to three consecutive championships in the 1991, 1992 and 1993 NBA Finals. During each of these championship seasons he was an NBA All-Star, NBA scoring champion,\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan statue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13238442\",\n \"text\": \"Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals was a professional basketball game that was played on June 14, 1998 between the visiting Chicago Bulls and the Utah Jazz at the Delta Center, now known as Vivint Smart Home Arena, in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Bulls won 87–86, winning their sixth NBA championship in eight years. Game 6 was the final game with the Bulls for Michael Jordan and coach Phil Jackson (both would retire from the National Basketball Association (NBA), then eventually return). This game earned, and still holds, the highest TV\",\n \"title\": \"Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"802762\",\n \"text\": \"new coach, Tim Floyd, who had run a successful program at Iowa State University. Upon Phil Jackson's departure, Michael Jordan made his second retirement official. With a new starting lineup of point guard Randy Brown, shooting guard Ron Harper, newcomer Brent Barry at small forward, power forward Toni Kukoč, and center Bill Wennington, the team began the lockout-shortened 1998–99 season. Kukoc led the team in scoring, rebounding, and assists, but the team won only 13 of 50 games. The lowest point of the season came on April 10 in a game against the Miami Heat. In that game, the Bulls\",\n \"title\": \"Chicago Bulls\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274481\",\n \"text\": \"also starred as himself in the 1996 film \\\"Space Jam\\\". In 2006, he became part-owner and head of basketball operations for the Charlotte Bobcats; he bought a controlling interest in 2010. In 2014, Jordan became the first billionaire player in NBA history. He is the third-richest African-American, behind Robert F. Smith and Oprah Winfrey. Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Deloris (née Peoples), who worked in banking, and James R. Jordan Sr., an equipment supervisor. His family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina, when he was a toddler. Jordan is the fourth of five children. He has two older\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18277071\",\n \"text\": \"professionally was not necessarily his goal. In October 1998, Jordan said, \\\"If the air blew up the ball, I'm not going to cry. Don't get me wrong, I won't turn down a pro career if that comes, but I'm not counting on it.\\\" He then went on to play for 14 years in six different countries after his sophomore year in 1988–89. Jordan also played in the National Basketball Association. In April 1993, Jordan was signed as a free agent by the Philadelphia 76ers, and played in the final four games of the 1992–93 season averaging 11.0 points, 4.8 rebounds,\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Jordan (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274522\",\n \"text\": \"from the field in his 53 starts. His last seven appearances were in a reserve role, in which he averaged just over 20 minutes per game. Playing in his 14th and final NBA All-Star Game in 2003, Jordan passed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the all-time leading scorer in All-Star Game history (a record since broken by Kobe Bryant). That year, Jordan was the only Washington player to play in all 82 games, starting in 67 of them. He averaged 20.0 points, 6.1 rebounds, 3.8 assists, and 1.5 steals per game. He also shot 45% from the field, and 82% from the\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274534\",\n \"text\": \"shortened to 66 games by the lockout, the Bobcats posted a 7–59 record. Their .106 winning percentage was the worst in NBA history. \\\"I'm not real happy about the record book scenario last year. It's very, very frustrating\\\", Jordan said later that year. Jordan was a shooting guard who was also capable of playing as a small forward (the position he would primarily play during his second return to professional basketball with the Washington Wizards), and as a point guard. Jordan was known throughout his career for being a strong clutch performer. With the Bulls, he decided 25 games with\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11810278\",\n \"text\": \"United States. On December 15, 2011, Jordan signed with the New York Knicks. During the 2011–12 season, he was assigned multiple times to the Erie BayHawks of the NBA Development League. On July 11, 2012, Jordan was traded, along with Toney Douglas, Josh Harrellson and two future second-round draft picks, to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Marcus Camby. On July 18, 2012, he was waived by the Rockets. The next day, he joined the New York Knicks for the final two games of the 2012 NBA Summer League. On September 29, 2012, Jordan signed with the Memphis Grizzlies. However,\",\n \"title\": \"Jerome Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"802593\",\n \"text\": \"averaged 20.0 points, 6.9 rebounds, 3.8 assists, and 1.5 steals in 37.0 minutes per game. Jordan retired from playing for a third and final time after the season. After the season, majority owner Pollin fired Jordan as team president, much to the shock of players, associates, and the public. Jordan felt betrayed, thinking that he would get his ownership back after his playing days ended, but Pollin justified Jordan's dismissal by noting that Jordan had detrimental effects on the team, such as benching Hughes for Tyronn Lue, making poor trades, and using the team's first-round draft pick on high schooler\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Wizards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12917621\",\n \"text\": \"age , is recognized as the oldest living major league ballplayer. , or Retrosheet Tom Jordan (baseball) Thomas Jefferson Jordan (born September 5, 1919) is a retired American professional baseball player, a catcher who appeared in 39 Major League games over three seasons for the Chicago White Sox (; ), Cleveland Indians (), and the St. Louis Browns (). Born in Lawton, Oklahoma, Jordan stood tall and weighed . He threw and batted right-handed. Jordan's professional career took place over a twenty-year period, beginning in the minor leagues in 1938 and ending in 1957 after he was a playing manager\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Jordan (baseball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649800\",\n \"text\": \"win over the Wizards. During the 2016–17 season, he received multiple assignments to the Maine Red Claws, the Celtics' D-League affiliate. On July 13, 2017, Mickey was waived by the Celtics. On August 20, 2017, Mickey signed with the Miami Heat. On December 16, 2017, he scored a career-high nine points off the bench in a 90–85 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. In May 2018, the Heat declined their $1.6 million option on Mickey's contract, making him a free agent. On July 26, 2018, Mickey signed a one-year deal with the Russian team BC Khimki of the VTB United\",\n \"title\": \"Jordan Mickey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4318988\",\n \"text\": \"Jordan signed a contract for a further year, but on 7 March 2008 he left Chesterfield by mutual consent after learning he would not be offered a new contract at the end of the season. He subsequently signed for Conference South side Lewes, and helped them to the league title and automatic promotion to the Conference National. Following a trial with Stevenage Borough, Jordan spent some weeks with the club but was released without playing for the first team. He joined fellow Conference National club Eastbourne Borough on 29 January 2009 to provide cover for their first-choice goalkeeper. On 5\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan (footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"802901\",\n \"text\": \"the NBA Playoffs. The Conference Finals is best remembered for the Pistons walking off court in the last game just before it ended, unwilling to shake hands with the Bulls. After the series, Michael Jordan said, \\\"The dirty play and the flagrant fouls and unsportsmanlike conduct, hopefully that will be eliminated from the game with them gone. I think people are happy the game will get back to a clean game.\\\" Following this, the franchise went through a transitional period, as key players were either waived (Johnson in 1991), traded (Edwards, Salley and Rodman), or retired (Laimbeer in 1993 and\",\n \"title\": \"Detroit Pistons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274548\",\n \"text\": \"to present him. As Jordan would later explain during his induction speech in September 2009, when he was growing up in North Carolina, he was not a fan of the Tar Heels and greatly admired Thompson, who played at rival North Carolina State. In September, he was inducted into the Hall with several former Bulls teammates in attendance, including Scottie Pippen, Dennis Rodman, Charles Oakley, Ron Harper, Steve Kerr, and Toni Kukoč. Two of Jordan's former coaches, Dean Smith and Doug Collins, were also among those present. His emotional reaction during his speech—when he began to cry—was captured by Associated\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274531\",\n \"text\": \"team's second-largest shareholder behind majority owner Robert L. Johnson. As part of the deal, Jordan took full control over the basketball side of the operation, with the title \\\"Managing Member of Basketball Operations.\\\" Despite Jordan's previous success as an endorser, he has made an effort not to be included in Charlotte's marketing campaigns. A decade earlier, Jordan had made a bid to become part-owner of Charlotte's original NBA team, the Charlotte Hornets, but talks collapsed when owner George Shinn refused to give Jordan complete control of basketball operations. In February 2010, it was reported that Jordan was seeking majority ownership\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14575879\",\n \"text\": \"divorce. He met and later married Hilary Cecil, an executive recruiter, on March 4, 2000 in New York City. Jordan was a proud grandfather to six grandchildren. Jordan graduated from Yale University in 1957 with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering, then earned a M.S. in Chemical Engineering from Princeton University in 1959. Jordan was a member of the Reserve Officers Training Corps in college. In 1960, he joined the United States Navy as a lieutenant and was selected by Admiral Hyman G. Rickover to serve on his staff, which was developing America’s nuclear submarine force. He left active duty in\",\n \"title\": \"Michael H. Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274537\",\n \"text\": \"8,772 free throw attempts are the 11th-highest total in NBA history. As his career progressed, Jordan also developed the ability to post up his opponents and score with his trademark fadeaway jump shot, using his leaping ability to \\\"fade away\\\" from block attempts. According to Hubie Brown, this move alone made him nearly unstoppable. Despite media criticism as a \\\"selfish\\\" player early in his career, Jordan's 5.3 assists per game also indicate his willingness to defer to his teammates. After shooting under 30% from three-point range in his first five seasons in the NBA, including a career-low 13% in the\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274480\",\n \"text\": \"ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press' list of athletes of the century. Jordan is a two-time inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, having been enshrined in 2009 for his individual career, and again in 2010 as part of the group induction of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team (\\\"The Dream Team\\\"). He became a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2015. Jordan is also known for his product endorsements. He fueled the success of Nike's Air Jordan sneakers, which were introduced in 1984 and remain popular today. Jordan\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11810277\",\n \"text\": \"blocks, while setting the school and conference record for blocked shots with 333 blocks. Jordan was selected with the 44th overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks. On July 8, 2010, his rights were traded to the New York Knicks in exchange for cash considerations. He joined the Knicks for the 2010 NBA Summer League. Later that year, he signed with KK Hemofarm of Serbia for the 2010–11 season. On July 29, 2011, Jordan signed with BC Krka of the Premier A Slovenian Basketball League. Following the conclusion of the NBA lockout, he returned to the\",\n \"title\": \"Jerome Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14837001\",\n \"text\": \"the final four games averaging 11.0 points, 4.8 rebounds and 1.3 blocks per game. The Sixers finished sixth in the Atlantic Division with a 26–56 record. Top draft pick Clarence Weatherspoon made the All-Rookie Second Team. Following the season, Hersey Hawkins was traded to the Charlotte Hornets, Armen Gilliam and Ron Anderson both signed as free agents with the New Jersey Nets, Lang signed with the Atlanta Hawks, Manute Bol signed with the Miami Heat, and Jordan was released and returned to playing overseas, ending his short lived stint in the NBA. 1992–93 Philadelphia 76ers season The 1992–93 NBA season\",\n \"title\": \"1992–93 Philadelphia 76ers season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15462550\",\n \"text\": \"October 25. Two days later, he was claimed off waivers by the Utah Jazz. On November 6, he was waived by the Jazz before appearing in a game for them. On November 26, 2014, Hamilton was acquired by the Iowa Energy of the NBA Development League. Three days later, he made his debut for Iowa in a 102–97 loss to the Grand Rapids Drive, recording 11 points, three rebounds, two assists and one steal in 18 minutes off the bench. On December 10, 2014, Hamilton was traded, along with a 2015 second-round pick, to the Reno Bighorns in exchange for\",\n \"title\": \"Jordan Hamilton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11002286\",\n \"text\": \"2001–02 Washington Wizards season The 2001–02 NBA season was the Wizards' 41st season in the National Basketball Association. After finishing 19–63 the previous season, the Wizards won the Draft Lottery and selected high school star Kwame Brown with the first overall pick in the 2001 NBA draft. This season marked the return of All-Star guard Michael Jordan, who came out of his retirement to play for the Wizards. The team also signed free agent Tyronn Lue, who previously won two championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. Under new head coach Doug Collins, the Wizards struggled with a 2–9 start, but\",\n \"title\": \"2001–02 Washington Wizards season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274523\",\n \"text\": \"free throw line. Even though he turned 40 during the season, he scored 20 or more points 42 times, 30 or more points nine times, and 40 or more points three times. On February 21, 2003, Jordan became the first 40-year-old to tally 43 points in an NBA game. During his stint with the Wizards, all of Jordan's home games at the MCI Center were sold out, and the Wizards were the second most-watched team in the NBA, averaging 20,172 fans a game at home and 19,311 on the road. However, neither of Jordan's final two seasons resulted in a\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15220231\",\n \"text\": \"1998–99 Utah Jazz season The 1998–99 NBA season was the Jazz's 25th season in the National Basketball Association, and 20th season in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Jazz entered the season once again as runner-ups in the NBA Finals, having lost back-to-back NBA Finals to the Chicago Bulls, both in six games. However, with Michael Jordan retiring for a second time, Scottie Pippen being traded to the Houston Rockets, Dennis Rodman signing with the Los Angeles Lakers as a free agent, and Phil Jackson's contract expiring, it marked the end of the Bulls dynasty, and the Jazz hoped to make\",\n \"title\": \"1998–99 Utah Jazz season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12917619\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Jordan (baseball) Thomas Jefferson Jordan (born September 5, 1919) is a retired American professional baseball player, a catcher who appeared in 39 Major League games over three seasons for the Chicago White Sox (; ), Cleveland Indians (), and the St. Louis Browns (). Born in Lawton, Oklahoma, Jordan stood tall and weighed . He threw and batted right-handed. Jordan's professional career took place over a twenty-year period, beginning in the minor leagues in 1938 and ending in 1957 after he was a playing manager for a number of unaffiliated teams in the low minors in the Southwestern United\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Jordan (baseball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649795\",\n \"text\": \"multiple awards in 2014–15, including Coaches All-SEC First Team, AP All-SEC First Team, All-SEC Defensive Team, All-District NABC Team, and All-District USBWA Team. On March 31, 2015, Mickey declared for the NBA draft, forgoing his final two years of college eligibility. On June 25, 2015, Mickey was selected with the 33rd overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. On July 20, he signed with the Celtics after playing for the team at the Utah and Las Vegas summer leagues. Over the first two and a half months of the 2015–16 season, Mickey spent the majority of\",\n \"title\": \"Jordan Mickey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6406276\",\n \"text\": \"and in interviews throughout his career, son Michael recounted that it was his father's vision that he become a baseball star. Baseball was in fact the first sport that Jordan Sr. had taught him to play. Michael recounted that this was a major factor in his decision to switch to the sport after his first NBA retirement. On July 23, 1993, while returning home from a funeral, Jordan Sr. pulled over on US Highway 74 just south of Lumberton, North Carolina, to take a nap. Daniel Andre Green and Larry Martin Demery spotted the car Michael had recently purchased for\",\n \"title\": \"James R. Jordan Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10238552\",\n \"text\": \"opening game of the 2010–11 season, Jordan led UCF to victory against University of West Florida scoring a career high 28 points on 8–11 field-goal shooting and 5–7 from the 3-point line. He also had a team-high 18 points in upsetting number-16 ranked Florida on December 1, 2010. In August 2012, Jordan decided to leave the UCF basketball team, but he would continue to take classes at the school. Jordan opened his shoe store \\\"Trophy Room\\\" on May 23, 2016. The chosen date pays reverence to his and his father's jersey numbers. The store is located in Orlando, Florida at\",\n \"title\": \"Marcus Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4318989\",\n \"text\": \"February, Michael was released from his contract with the Conference club, later joining Southern Premier League team Farnborough. He appeared 64 times in competitive games for them (54 of them in the league), before moving on to join Conference South club Boreham Wood in the summer of 2011. The following summer he was signed by Concord Rangers of Isthmian League Premier Division. He joined Ebbsfleet United as the clubs goalkeeping coach in the summer of 2016, and later registered as a player in case of emergencies. Jordan has represented England at under-17 and under-19 levels. Michael Jordan (footballer) Michael William\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan (footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274520\",\n \"text\": \"NBA game, in the summer of 2001 Jordan expressed interest in making another comeback, this time with his new team. Inspired by the NHL comeback of his friend Mario Lemieux the previous winter, Jordan spent much of the spring and summer of 2001 in training, holding several invitation-only camps for NBA players in Chicago. In addition, Jordan hired his old Chicago Bulls head coach, Doug Collins, as Washington's coach for the upcoming season, a decision that many saw as foreshadowing another Jordan return. On September 25, 2001, Jordan announced his return to the NBA to play for the Washington Wizards,\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7431975\",\n \"text\": \"after the Game 6 win, Jordan repeatedly stated, \\\"I'm glad for Bobby Hansen.\\\" When Hansen gave Jordan the game ball, Jordan replied, \\\"I told you I'd get you that ring.\\\" Hansen had logged 5 minutes of game time, while Jordan played in 43 minutes. Having won his championship ring, Hansen retired from the NBA in 1992. Hansen is a color-commentator for Iowa Hawkeyes' basketball broadcasts. He calls games with Gary Dolphin. He has also run many summer basketball camps for Chicago-area children. He was named to the \\\"Des Moines Register\\\" Iowa Sports Hall of Fame in 1999. Bob Hansen Robert\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Hansen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6516775\",\n \"text\": \"6 in Orlando). When Michael Jordan retired in 1993, the Chicago Bulls retired his 23; when he came out of retirement he chose to wear 45 until, during the 1995 NBA post-season, he went back to his familiar 23. Also, players cannot change numbers midseason, but they used to be able to (Andre Iguodala and Antoine Wright changed from No. 4 and No. 15 to No. 9 and No. 21 for Chris Webber and Vince Carter, respectively). Since Kelenna Azubuike was inactive all season, Carmelo Anthony was able to wear Azubuike's No. 7 when traded to the Knicks in 2011,\",\n \"title\": \"Number (sports)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10238549\",\n \"text\": \"Marcus Jordan Marcus James Jordan (born December 24, 1990) is an American former college basketball player who played for the UCF Knights men's basketball team of Conference USA. He is the son of retired Hall of Fame basketball player Michael Jordan. Jordan was born December 24, 1990, to Michael Jordan and Juanita Vanoy. He has an older brother, Jeffrey. Marcus along with Jeffrey both played for Loyola Academy (graduated in 2007), and transferred from Illinois to UCF to play his final season of college basketball with Marcus. However, Jeffrey left UCF in January 2012. Marcus Jordan originally played high school\",\n \"title\": \"Marcus Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18277070\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Jordan (basketball) Thomas Edward Jordan (born May 23, 1968) is an American former professional basketball player whose career spanned from 1988 to 2003. Jordan played college basketball at Oklahoma State University. He was ineligible as a freshman in 1987–88, and in his sophomore year, he averaged 13.8 points and 5.8 rebounds per game. Jordan's decision to leave college early to play professionally was due to a lack of team chemistry. Jordan said that he never \\\"enjoyed\\\" basketball, he only \\\"played it.\\\" He used the sport as a means to get a free college education, and any desires of playing\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Jordan (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3569454\",\n \"text\": \"The Houston Rockets were down 3 games to 1 to the Phoenix Suns in the Semi-Finals and won 2 out of 3 games on the road, including game 7 to advance to the Conference Finals. After his short stint with baseball, Jordan returned to basketball late in the 1994–95 season. Although he did not lead the Bulls to the Finals, he returned to pre-retirement form the next season while the team acquired perennial rebounding champion Dennis Rodman. The 1995–96 Bulls finished the regular season 72–10, attaining, at the time, the best regular season record in NBA history. They dominated in\",\n \"title\": \"NBA Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11090201\",\n \"text\": \"the 1990s and became a major gathering spot for Chicago Bulls fans during the team's championship runs. Gene Silverberg said he and his brother began feuding with Jordan in 1996, when Jordan reportedly attempted to change the restaurant from a family-oriented business to a more upscale establishment. In 1997, Jordan opened his own Chicago restaurant, the more formal One Sixtyblue, and generally stopped appearing at the other except for charity events. Jordan's namesake restaurant continued to draw crowds despite his absence, but after Jordan's second retirement in January 1999, the Silverbergs announced that they would remodel the site as Sammy\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan's Restaurant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274479\",\n \"text\": \"of the Wizards. Jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include six NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) Awards, ten scoring titles (both all-time records), five MVP Awards, ten All-NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game selections, three All-Star Game MVP Awards, three steals titles, and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He holds the NBA records for highest career regular season scoring average (30.12 points per game) and highest career playoff scoring average (33.45 points per game). In 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century by\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8248031\",\n \"text\": \"After graduating with a degree in sociology in 1986, he was accepted to the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. Upon retirement, Jackson assumed management positions with the United States Olympic Committee and Turner Sports and served as the president of Yankees–Nets (currently known as YES Network). He worked in a number of executive positions at Nike, Inc, including vice president and general manager of global basketball from 2014 to 2016. Michael Jackson (basketball) Michael Derek Jackson (born July 13, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the New York Knicks in the 2nd round\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17386399\",\n \"text\": \"to start in 5 games but was inconsistent, going 0-3 with an ERA of 5.61. He was sent down to AAA, where he would start 6 games before being shut down due to an elbow injury. In 2016, Jordan began the season with the Syracuse Chiefs and made 3 starts, going 0-0 with a 1.72 ERA. The Nationals announced that Jordan would undergo a second Tommy John surgery and would miss the remainder of the 2016 season. On June 28, 2016, Jordan was released by the Nationals. On March 19, 2018, Jordan signed with the Sioux City Explorers of the\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3363423\",\n \"text\": \"tenure.) The Pacers played in Market Square Arena after they joined the NBA. Michael Jordan's return to the Chicago Bulls after his first retirement took place at Market Square Arena in a loss to the Pacers on March 19, 1995. The final Pacers game played in Market Square Arena was a pre-season exhibition game against the Utah Jazz on October 23, 1999. The arena also hosted the 1980 NCAA men's basketball Final Four & the Midwestern Collegiate Conference (now Horizon League) men's basketball conference tournament from 1986 to 1988 and again in 1993. In 1987, Indianapolis hosted the Pan American\",\n \"title\": \"Market Square Arena\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14575878\",\n \"text\": \"Michael H. Jordan Michael H. Jordan (June 13, 1936 – May 25, 2010) was an American businessman. He served as the Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo Worldwide Foods (1986–1990), Westinghouse Electric Corporation (1993–1998), CBS Corporation (1995–1998), and Electronic Data Systems (2003–2007). Jordan was born in Kansas City, Missouri, to Mary Virginia Witt and Hugh Franklin Jordan. He was raised in a lower-middle-class area in the wake of the Great Depression. He wed Kathryn Hiett in Toledo, Ohio, on April 8, 1961. Married for 38 years, Kim gave birth to two children, Kathryn (Kate Donaldson) and Stephen. The marriage ended in\",\n \"title\": \"Michael H. Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274541\",\n \"text\": \"minute. After he scored a playoff record 63 points against the Boston Celtics on April 20, 1986, Bird described him as \\\"God disguised as Michael Jordan\\\". Jordan led the NBA in scoring in 10 seasons (NBA record) and tied Wilt Chamberlain's record of seven consecutive scoring titles. He was also a fixture on the NBA All-Defensive First Team, making the roster nine times (NBA record shared with Gary Payton, Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant). Jordan also holds the top career regular season and playoff scoring averages of 30.1 and 33.4 points per game, respectively. By 1998, the season of his\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274488\",\n \"text\": \"in December. The fans also voted in Jordan as an All-Star starter during his rookie season. Controversy arose before the All-Star game when word surfaced that several veteran players—led by Isiah Thomas—were upset by the amount of attention Jordan was receiving. This led to a so-called \\\"freeze-out\\\" on Jordan, where players refused to pass the ball to him throughout the game. The controversy left Jordan relatively unaffected when he returned to regular season play, and he would go on to be voted Rookie of the Year. The Bulls finished the season 38–44 and lost to the Milwaukee Bucks in four\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274535\",\n \"text\": \"field goals or free throws in the last 30 seconds, including two NBA Finals games and five other playoff contests. His competitiveness was visible in his prolific trash-talk and well-known work ethic. As the Bulls organization built the franchise around Jordan, management had to trade away players who were not \\\"tough enough\\\" to compete with him in practice. To help improve his defense, he spent extra hours studying film of opponents. On offense, he relied more upon instinct and improvisation at game time. Noted as a durable player, Jordan did not miss four or more games while active for a\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11904462\",\n \"text\": \"1998–99 Indiana Pacers season The 1998–99 NBA season was the Pacers' 23rd season in the National Basketball Association, and 32nd season as a franchise. The Pacers entered the season as a heavy favorite, because Michael Jordan retired and other members of the Chicago Bulls were broken up by their management. During the offseason, the team signed free agent Sam Perkins, who played in the 1991 NBA Finals with the Los Angeles Lakers, and the 1996 NBA Finals with the Seattle SuperSonics. After a four-month lockout, the Pacers won the Central Division with a record of 33 wins and 17 losses.\",\n \"title\": \"1998–99 Indiana Pacers season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15883969\",\n \"text\": \"and sold at $10,000 ($ in dollars) each as a fundraiser for the James Jordan Boys & Girls Club. The TNT 2-hour broadcast of the original ceremony had also been in part a fundraiser for the Boys & Girls Club, but some had thought it was overdone and ungraceful. At times, the statue has been adorned with various Chicago Blackhawks player jerseys. When Denis Savard's jersey was retired on March 19, 1998, fans put his jersey on the statue, but it was removed one hour later. During the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals, United Center personnel added an ice hockey helmet,\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan statue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18566142\",\n \"text\": \"On March 22, he parted ways with Paris-Levallois. Three days later, he was acquired by the Canton Charge of the NBA Development League. On March 26, he made his debut for the Charge in a 122–111 win over the Erie BayHawks, recording one point, six rebounds, two assists and one steal in 11 minutes off the bench. On August 23, 2016, Morgan signed with Kymis of the Greek Basket League. On July 4, 2017, he signed a one-year deal with Slovenian club Olimpija. Jordan Morgan Jordan Daniel Morgan (born September 15, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for Banvit\",\n \"title\": \"Jordan Morgan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274547\",\n \"text\": \"last title. Television ratings in particular increased only during his time in the league, and Finals ratings have not returned to the level reached during his last championship-winning season. In August 2009, the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, opened a Michael Jordan exhibit that contained items from his college and NBA careers, as well as from the 1992 \\\"Dream Team\\\". The exhibit also has a batting glove to signify Jordan's short career in Minor League Baseball. After Jordan received word of his acceptance into the Hall of Fame, he selected Class of 1996 member David Thompson\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11810279\",\n \"text\": \"he was later waived by the Grizzlies on October 27, 2012. On December 18, 2012, Jordan was acquired by the Reno Bighorns of the NBA Development League. On February 4, 2013, he was named to the Futures All-Star roster for the 2013 NBA D-League All-Star Game. On February 25, 2013, Jordan was traded to the Los Angeles D-Fenders. In April 2013, he joined the Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters as an import for the 2013 Commissioner's Cup. In July 2013, Jordan joined the Indiana Pacers for the Orlando Summer League and the New York Knicks for the Las Vegas Summer\",\n \"title\": \"Jerome Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5772416\",\n \"text\": \"played for the Washington Wizards during the 2002–03 NBA season, which was Jordan's last. In 2009, Jordan mentioned Russell in his Hall of Fame induction speech, recalling an interaction they had during Jordan's first retirement in 1994: \\\"[A]t this time, I had no thoughts of coming back and playing the game of basketball. Bryon Russell came over to me and said, 'Why did you quit? You know I could guard you.' ... From this day forward, if I ever see [Russell] in shorts, I'm coming at him.\\\" In response, Russell challenged Jordan to a game of one-on-one for charity. Such\",\n \"title\": \"Bryon Russell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11256071\",\n \"text\": \"However, Ceballos' name was still kept on the roster even though he did not play in the game. Michael Jordan missed this all-star game because this was his first retirement from basketball since he wanted to pursue a career in professional baseball. Cedric Ceballos did not participate due to injury. <br> 1995 NBA All-Star Game The 1995 NBA All-Star Game was the 45th edition of the All-Star Game. The Western Conference won 139-112. The city of Phoenix hosted the event. Mitch Richmond of the Sacramento Kings was voted MVP of the game. The 1995 NBA All-Star Game was broadcast by\",\n \"title\": \"1995 NBA All-Star Game\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when did michael jordan retired from basketball for good"}}},{"rowIdx":95,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["rest cure"],"string":"[\n \"rest cure\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"3853448","text":"to deflect blame to protect Gilman's daughter Katharine and her step-mother, Gilman's friend Grace Channing. Anglican Archbishop Peter Carnley used the story as a reference and a metaphor for the situation of women in the church in his sermon at the ordination of the first women priests in Australia on 7 March 1992 in St George's Cathedral, Perth. In another interpretation, Sari Edelstein has argued that \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" is an allegory for Gilman's hatred of the emerging yellow journalism. Having created \"The Forerunner\" in November 1909, Gilman made it clear she wished the press to be more insightful and","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"3853426","text":"The Yellow Wallpaper \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" (original title: \"The Yellow Wall-paper. A Story\") is a short story by American writer Charlotte Perkins Gilman, first published in January 1892 in \"The New England Magazine\". It is regarded as an important early work of American feminist literature, due to its illustration of the attitudes towards mental and physical health of women in the 19th century. Narrated in the first person, the story is a collection of journal entries written by a woman whose physician husband (John) has rented an old mansion for the summer. Forgoing other rooms in the house, the couple","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"3853433","text":"allowed to play in a male-dominated society. Women were even discouraged from writing, because it would ultimately create an identity and become a form of defiance. Gilman realized that writing became one of the only forms of existence for women at a time when they had very few rights. Gilman explained that the idea for the story originated in her own experience as a patient: \"the real purpose of the story was to reach Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, and convince him of the error of his ways\". She had suffered years of depression and consulted a well-known specialist physician who","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"3853435","text":"that \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" was \"not intended to drive people crazy, but to save people from being driven crazy, and it worked\". Gilman claimed that many years later she learned that Mitchell had changed his treatment methods, but literary historian Julie Bates Dock has discredited this. Mitchell continued his methods, and as late as 1908 – 16 years after \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" was published – was interested in creating entire hospitals devoted to the \"rest cure\" so that his treatments would be more widely accessible. This story has been interpreted by feminist critics as a condemnation of the male control","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"3853432","text":"home and the oppressive forces of the patriarchal society. Through her work, Gilman paved the way for writers such as Alice Walker and Sylvia Plath. In \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" Gilman portrays the narrator's insanity as a way to protest the medical, professional, and societal oppression against women at the time. While under the impression that husbands and male doctors were acting with their best interests in mind, women were depicted as mentally weak and fragile. Women’s rights advocates of the era believed that the \"outbreak\" of this mental instability was the manifestation of their setbacks regarding the roles they were","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"3853427","text":"moves into the upstairs nursery. As a form of treatment, the unnamed woman is forbidden from working, and is encouraged to eat well and get plenty of air, so she can recuperate from what he calls a \"temporary nervous depression – a slight hysterical tendency\", a diagnosis common to women during that period. The story details the descent of a young woman into madness. Her supportive, though misunderstanding husband, John, believes it is in her best interests to go on a rest cure after experiencing symptoms of \"temporary nervous depression\". The family spends the summer at a colonial mansion that","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"11236791","text":"depression, especially postpartum depression. It was not effective and caused many to go insane, suffer complications of prostration, or die. Before the advent of effective antihypertension medications, bed rest was a standard treatment for markedly high blood pressure. It is still used in cases of carditis secondary to rheumatic fever. Its popularity and perceived efficacy have varied greatly over the centuries. In 1892, feminist writer Charlotte Perkins Gilman published \"The Yellow Wallpaper\", a horror short story based on her experience when placed under the rest cure from Dr. Silas W. Mitchell himself. She wasn't allowed to write in a journal,","title":"Bed rest"},{"id":"5086621","text":"occasion took as its reference an autobiographical piece by Charlotte Perkins Gilman entitled \"The Yellow Wallpaper\". Carnley used Gilman's account of the self-destruction consequent on a \"benignly prescribed, submissive, middle-class role\" demanded of women in the 19th century to consider the \"implications of the philosophy that women should \"stay in their place, maintaining silence, concealing problems and repressing creativity\". The yellow wallpaper of the title is what the imprisoned protagonist in Gilman's story peels off the walls as she goes mad. Carnley used it as a metaphor for the situation of the women who had been waiting to be allowed","title":"Peter Carnley"},{"id":"20729392","text":"\"Yellow Jack\", a 1938 movie presenting the same narrative. Yellow Fever Commission The Yellow Fever Commission was a research team of the United States Army which researched treatment for yellow fever. The research process itself became a focus of study for later generations. A United States nurse named Clara Maass and two Spanish immigrants were among those who died as a result of their research participation. Researchers mark the research of the Yellow Fever Commission as the origin of the model of modern consent in medical research. The 1934 play \"Yellow Jack\" told the story of Walter Reed in the","title":"Yellow Fever Commission"},{"id":"380316","text":"how the Spanish were treating the Cuban prisoners. The stories were based on factual accounts, but most of the time, the articles that were published were embellished and written with incendiary language causing emotional and often heated responses among readers. A common myth falsely states that when illustrator Frederic Remington said there was no war brewing in Cuba, Hearst responded: \"You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war.\" This new \"yellow journalism\" was, however, uncommon outside New York City, and historians no longer consider it the major force shaping the national mood. Public opinion nationwide did demand immediate action,","title":"Spanish–American War"},{"id":"1003784","text":"Charlotte Perkins Gilman Charlotte Perkins Gilman (); also Charlotte Perkins Stetson (July 3, 1860 – August 17, 1935), was a prominent American humanist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform. She was a utopian feminist and served as a role model for future generations of feminists because of her unorthodox concepts and lifestyle. She has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Her best remembered work today is her semi-autobiographical short story \"The Yellow Wallpaper\", which she wrote after a severe bout of postpartum psychosis. Gilman was born on July 3,","title":"Charlotte Perkins Gilman"},{"id":"20729391","text":"Yellow Fever Commission The Yellow Fever Commission was a research team of the United States Army which researched treatment for yellow fever. The research process itself became a focus of study for later generations. A United States nurse named Clara Maass and two Spanish immigrants were among those who died as a result of their research participation. Researchers mark the research of the Yellow Fever Commission as the origin of the model of modern consent in medical research. The 1934 play \"Yellow Jack\" told the story of Walter Reed in the Yellow Fever Commission. That play was the basis of","title":"Yellow Fever Commission"},{"id":"3853434","text":"prescribed a \"rest cure\" which required her to \"live as domestic a life as possible\". She was forbidden to touch pen, pencil, or brush, and was allowed only two hours of mental stimulation a day. After three months and almost desperate, Gilman decided to contravene her diagnosis, along with the treatment methods, and started to work again. Aware of how close she had come to complete mental breakdown, the author wrote \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" with additions and exaggerations to illustrate her own criticism for the medical field. Gilman sent a copy to Mitchell but never received a response. She added","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"3853443","text":"works take place, between 1840 and 1890, women were exceedingly defined as lesser than—sickly and weak. In this time period it was thought that \"hysteria\" (a disease stereotypically more common in women) was a result of too much education. It was understood that women who spent time in college or studying were over-stimulating their brains and consequently leading themselves into states of hysteria. In fact, many of the diseases recognized in women were seen as the result of a lack of self-control or self-rule. Different physicians argued that a physician must \"assume a tone of authority\" and that the idea","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"3853436","text":"of the 19th-century medical profession. Throughout the short story the narrator offers many suggestions to help her get better such as exercising, working, or socializing with the outside world. Her ideas, though, are dismissed immediately while using language that stereotypes her as irrational and, therefore, unqualified to offer ideas about her own condition. This interpretation draws on the concept of the \"domestic sphere\" that women were held in during this period. Many feminist critics focus on the degree of triumph at the end of the story. Although some claim the narrator slipped into insanity, others see the ending as a","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"1003798","text":"The narrator in the story must do as her husband, who is also her doctor, demands, although the treatment he prescribes contrasts directly with what she truly needs — mental stimulation and the freedom to escape the monotony of the room to which she is confined. \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" was essentially a response to the doctor who had tried to cure her of her depression through a \"rest cure\", Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell, and she sent him a copy of the story. Gilman's first book was \"Art Gems for the Home and Fireside\" (1888); however, it was her first volume","title":"Charlotte Perkins Gilman"},{"id":"4581","text":"the home front, military affairs, the treatment of soldiers, both living and dead, in the war's aftermath, depictions of the war in literature and art, evaluations of heroes and villains, and considerations of the moral and political lessons of the war. The last theme includes moral evaluations of racism and slavery, heroism in combat and heroism behind the lines, and the issues of democracy and minority rights, as well as the notion of an \"Empire of Liberty\" influencing the world. Professional historians have paid much more attention to the causes of the war, than to the war itself. Military history","title":"American Civil War"},{"id":"88393","text":"Union, particularly in the Deep South, accepted the majority decision, and supported the Confederacy. The American Civil War became an American tragedy, what some scholars termed the \"Brothers' War\", pitting \"brother against brother, father against son, kin against kin of every degree\". According to historian Avery O. Craven in 1950, the Confederate States of America was created by secessionists in Southern slave states who believed that the federal government was making them second-class citizens and refused to honor their belief that slavery was beneficial to the Negro. They judged the agent of change to be abolitionists and anti-slavery elements in","title":"Confederate States of America"},{"id":"2441523","text":"be extremely offensive. Anthony Burns was among the fugitive slaves captured and returned in chains to slavery as a result of the law. Harriett Beecher Stowe's best selling novel \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" greatly increased opposition to the Fugitive Slave Law. Most people thought the Compromise had ended the territorial issue, but Stephen A. Douglas reopened it in 1854, in the name of democracy. Douglas proposed the Kansas–Nebraska Bill with the intention of opening up vast new high quality farm lands to settlement. As a Chicagoan, he was especially interested in the railroad connections from Chicago into Kansas and Nebraska, but","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"791656","text":"Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have \"helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War\". Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Seminary and an active abolitionist, featured the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin"},{"id":"2794202","text":"to America from Europe by English settlers. The origin of the yellow ribbons seems likely to have come from out of the Puritan heritage. It was during the English Civil War that the Puritan Army of English Parliament wore yellow ribbons and yellow sashes onto the battlefield. Yellow is the official color of the armor branch of the U.S. Army, used in insignia, etc., and depicted in Hollywood movies by the yellow neckerchief adorning latter-half 19th century, horse-mounted U.S. Cavalry soldiers. However, a review of the U.S. War Department's \"Regulations for the Uniform and Dress of the Army of the","title":"Yellow ribbon"},{"id":"9244228","text":"Yellow Jack Yellow Jack refers to a 1934 play (see \"Yellow Jack\" (play) and a 1938 film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer of the same title. Both were co-written by Sidney Howard and Paul de Kruif (the former a Pulitzer- and Oscar-winning playwright and screenwriter; the latter a well-known microbiologist and author). The plot line follows the events of the well-known \"Walter Reed Boards,\" in which Major Walter Reed of the U.S. Army worked to diagnose and treat yellow fever (called “yellow jack”) in Cuba in 1898-1900. The U.S. Army Medical Corps doctors studied the theory by the Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay","title":"Yellow Jack"},{"id":"2441477","text":"Liberator\" in 1831 by William Lloyd Garrison. The fear was a race war by blacks that would massacre whites especially in Black Belt counties where whites were a small minority. The South reacted with an elaborate intellectual defense of slavery. J. D. B. DeBow of New Orleans established \"De Bow's Review\" in 1846, which quickly grew to become the leading Southern magazine, warning about the dangers of depending on the North economically. \"De Bow's Review\" also emerged as the leading voice for secession. The magazine emphasized the South's economic inequality, relating it to the concentration of manufacturing, shipping, banking and","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"17868052","text":"Civil War\" held its world premiere in Los Angeles on April 12, 2016, and was released in the United States on May 6, 2016, in 3D and IMAX 3D. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $1.1billion worldwide, and garnering praise for the performances (particularly Evans and Downey), action, screenplay, and themes. It became the highest-grossing film of 2016 and the twelfth-highest-grossing film of all time. In 1991, the brainwashed super-soldier James \"Bucky\" Barnes is dispatched from a Hydra base in Siberia to intercept an automobile carrying a case of super-soldier serum. In the present day, approximately","title":"Captain America: Civil War"},{"id":"4450","text":"American Civil War The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate","title":"American Civil War"},{"id":"2441476","text":"to uphold their constitutional rights in the territories and to maintain sufficient political strength to repulse \"hostile\" and \"ruinous\" legislation. Behind this shift was the growth of the cotton textile industry in the North and in Europe, which left slavery more important than ever to the Southern economy. Southern spokesmen greatly exaggerated the power of abolitionists, looking especially at the great popularity of \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" (1852), the novel and play by Harriet Beecher Stowe (whom Abraham Lincoln reputedly called \"the little woman that started this great war\"). They saw a vast growing abolitionist movement after the success of \"The","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"3487131","text":"of the 19th century. His historical novels, \"Hugh Wynne\", \"Free Quaker\" (1897), \"The Adventures of François\" (1898), \"The Youth of Washington\" (1904) and \"The Red City\" (1909), take high rank in this branch of fiction. He was Charlotte Perkins Gilman's doctor and his use of a rest cure on her provided the idea for \"The Yellow Wallpaper\", a short story in which the narrator is driven insane by her rest cure. His treatment was also used on Virginia Woolf, who wrote a savage satire of it in her novel \"Mrs. Dalloway\" (1925): \"you invoke proportion; order rest in bed; rest","title":"Silas Weir Mitchell (physician)"},{"id":"20063925","text":"the time of the Second World War, this view began to change. Psychiatrists and psychologists such as Millais Culpin and Adolf Vischer argued that POWs were at risk of mental harm, and Vischer coined the term \"barbed-wire disease\" to describe this condition. Psychiatrists had been keen to look into these ideas, and the outbreak of war gave them the opportunity to conduct research. The 1929 Geneva Convention had changed how POWs were dealt with by setting forth rules for prisoner exchange which made it possible for POWs to be returned to their home nations before the end of the war.","title":"Civil Resettlement Units"},{"id":"4505","text":"Britain. By early 1861, General Winfield Scott had devised the Anaconda Plan to win the war with as little bloodshed as possible. Scott argued that a Union blockade of the main ports would weaken the Confederate economy. Lincoln adopted parts of the plan, but he overruled Scott's caution about 90-day volunteers. Public opinion, however, demanded an immediate attack by the army to capture Richmond. In April 1861, Lincoln announced the Union blockade of all Southern ports; commercial ships could not get insurance and regular traffic ended. The South blundered in embargoing cotton exports in 1861 before the blockade was effective;","title":"American Civil War"},{"id":"465290","text":"ten sources of news in regional papers, and the stories simply did not make a splash outside New York City. Rather, war came because public opinion was sickened by the bloodshed, and because leaders like McKinley realized that Spain had lost control of Cuba. These factors weighed more on the president's mind than the melodramas in the \"New York Journal.\" When the invasion began, Hearst sailed directly to Cuba as a war correspondent, providing sober and accurate accounts of the fighting. Creelman later praised the work of the reporters for exposing the horrors of Spanish misrule, arguing, \"no true history","title":"Yellow journalism"},{"id":"88489","text":"standing trial for treason. Henry Wirz, the commandant of a notorious prisoner-of-war camp near Andersonville, Georgia, was tried and convicted by a military court, and executed on November 10, 1865. The charges against him involved conspiracy and cruelty, not treason. The U.S. government began a decade-long process known as Reconstruction which attempted to resolve the political and constitutional issues of the Civil War. The priorities were: to guarantee that Confederate nationalism and slavery were ended, to ratify and enforce the Thirteenth Amendment which outlawed slavery; the Fourteenth which guaranteed dual U.S. and state citizenship to all native-born residents, regardless of","title":"Confederate States of America"},{"id":"2441460","text":"own slaves—the foundation of the plantation agricultural system—as the chief southern minority right being threatened: On May 1, 1833, Jackson wrote of this idea, \"the tariff was only the pretext, and disunion and southern confederacy the real object. The next pretext will be the negro, or slavery question.\" The issue appeared again after 1842's Black Tariff. A period of relative free trade followed 1846's Walker Tariff, which had been largely written by Southerners. Northern industrialists (and some in western Virginia) complained it was too low to encourage the growth of industry. From 1831 to 1836 William Lloyd Garrison and the","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"7821884","text":"her interest in art, and her aunt, watercolorist Susan Hale, most likely provided her first artistic instruction. Her brother was Philip Leslie Hale, a celebrated artist and art critic, and he married Lilian Westcott Hale, an Impressionist painter. Hale's family background provided her with a network of strong female role models. Her great-aunt was Harriet Beecher Stowe, abolitionist and author of the anti-slavery novel \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\". Educator Catharine Beecher and suffragist Isabella Beecher Hooker were also great-aunts. One of Hale’s first cousins was writer and social reformer Charlotte Perkins Gilman, best known for her short story \"The Yellow Wallpaper\".","title":"Ellen Day Hale"},{"id":"13948452","text":"war and those leading up to it are discussed, such as Antonio Maceo Grajales, Máximo Gómez, José Martí, Clemencia Arango. Other topics covered include the media hype for the war created by William Randolph Hearst's \"New York Journal\" and Joseph Pulitzer's \"New York World\" (which led to the concept of yellow journalism); the explosion of the , which the two newspapers blamed on the Spanish; the actions of labor unions, which supported the Cuban rebels but not U.S. intervention; the Black 25th Infantry and its experience with racism at the hands of the Rough Riders; the poisoning of soldiers by","title":"A People's History of American Empire"},{"id":"465285","text":"yellow nightshirt (nicknamed The Yellow Kid), became exceptionally popular when cartoonist Richard F. Outcault began drawing it in the \"World\" in early 1896. When Hearst predictably hired Outcault away, Pulitzer asked artist George Luks to continue the strip with his characters, giving the city two Yellow Kids. The use of \"yellow journalism\" as a synonym for over-the-top sensationalism in the U.S. apparently started with more serious newspapers commenting on the excesses of \"the Yellow Kid papers.\" In 1890, Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis published \"The Right to Privacy\", considered the most influential of all law review articles, as a critical","title":"Yellow journalism"},{"id":"3853446","text":"or diagnosis and is completely forced to succumb to everything in which her doctor and in this particular story, her husband, says. The male voice is the one in which forces controls on the female and decides how she is allowed to perceive and speak about the world around her. \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" is sometimes referred to as an example of Gothic literature for its themes of madness and powerlessness. Alan Ryan, for example, introduced the story by writing: \"quite apart from its origins [it] is one of the finest, and strongest, tales of horror ever written. It may be","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"465286","text":"response to sensational forms of journalism, which they saw as an unprecedented threat to individual privacy. The article is widely considered to have led to the recognition of new common law privacy rights of action. Pulitzer and Hearst are often adduced as the cause of the United States' entry into the Spanish–American War due to sensationalist stories or exaggerations of the terrible conditions in Cuba. However, the vast majority of Americans did not live in New York City, and the decision-makers who did live there probably relied more on staid newspapers like the \"Times\", \"The Sun\", or the \"Post\". James","title":"Yellow journalism"},{"id":"2441551","text":"hope of adding to the power of slavery in the National Government. Sumner famously cast the South Carolinian as having \"chosen a mistress ... who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight – I mean the harlot, slavery!\" According to Hoffer (2010), \"It is also important to note the sexual imagery that recurred throughout the oration, which was neither accidental nor without precedent. Abolitionists routinely accused slaveholders of maintaining slavery so that they could engage in forcible sexual relations with their slaves.\" Three days later,","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"11103291","text":"of soldiers who fell asleep at their posts or for desertion. Lincoln pardoned many of the latter group of soldiers. Jefferson C. Davis (not to be confused with Confederate President Jefferson Davis) was especially notorious. He shot fellow Union soldier William \"Bull\" Nelson during an argument, and later pulled up a bridge to keep emancipated slaves from following Sherman's army. Trapped ex-slaves were then killed by Confederate Wheeler's army, and others drowned trying to flee into Ebeneezer Creek. Women who raised money for a sanitary fair needed the written permission of their husbands to send the money to Union hospitals.","title":"Issues of the American Civil War"},{"id":"12633856","text":"calamitous. It was originally a civil war in the estimation of both parties... .\" Framing the American Revolutionary War as a civil war is making its way to classrooms on both sides of the Atlantic. After the American Civil War, the federal government started in 1865-1877 a process called Reconstruction, which aimed to restore the South to the Union and update the federal and state governance in accordance with the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. Due to severity of the social, political, and constitutional challenges and conflicts of the Reconstruction Era, the Reconstruction is sometimes","title":"Second American Civil War"},{"id":"465277","text":"newspapers did serious reporting as well. An English magazine in 1898 noted, \"All American journalism is not 'yellow', though all strictly 'up-to-date' yellow journalism is American!\" The term was coined by Erwin Wardman, the editor of the \"New York Press\". Wardman was the first to publish the term but there is evidence that expressions such as \"yellow journalism\" and \"school of yellow kid journalism\" were already used by newsmen of that time. Wardman never defined the term exactly. Possibly it was a mutation from earlier slander where Wardman twisted \"new journalism\" into \"nude journalism\". Wardman had also used the expression","title":"Yellow journalism"},{"id":"4579","text":"Union victory on the battlefield by reuniting the Union; to guarantee a \"republican form of government for the ex-Confederate states; and to permanently end slavery—and prevent semi-slavery status. President Johnson took a lenient approach and saw the achievement of the main war goals as realized in 1865, when each ex-rebel state repudiated secession and ratified the Thirteenth Amendment. Radical Republicans demanded proof that Confederate nationalism was dead and that the slaves were truly free. They came to the fore after the 1866 elections and undid much of Johnson's work. In 1872 the \"Liberal Republicans\" argued that the war goals had","title":"American Civil War"},{"id":"666548","text":"cultural significance. Under the leadership of women during the war, an increasingly formal practice of decorating graves had taken shape. In 1865, the federal government began creating national military cemeteries for the Union war dead. On May 1, 1865, in Charleston, South Carolina, recently freed African-Americans held a parade of 10,000 people to honor 257 dead Union Soldiers, whose remains they had reburied from a mass grave in a Confederate prison camp. Historian David W. Blight cites contemporary news reports of this incident in the \"Charleston Daily Courier\" and the \"New-York Tribune.\" Although Blight claimed that \"African Americans invented Memorial","title":"Memorial Day"},{"id":"8589739","text":"the president but also Secretary of State William Seward, Vice President Andrew Johnson and General Ulysses Grant. The Union believed this an act of war orchestrated by the Confederate government in a desperate attempt to continue the war. Seen as an act of war the Union government would try those they felt responsible in a military trial rather than a civil trial. Spangler was questioned on April 15, 1865 and released. He was arrested on April 17 and booked as an accomplice to John Wilkes Booth. Within a month of the assassination eight individuals including Spangler had been apprehended and","title":"Edmund Spangler"},{"id":"3853428","text":"has, in the narrator's words, \"something queer about it\". She and her husband move into an upstairs room that she assumes was once a nursery. Her husband chooses for them to sleep there due to its multitude of windows, which provide the air so needed in her recovery. In addition to the couple, John's sister Jennie is present; she serves as their housekeeper. Like most nurseries at the time the windows are barred, the wallpaper has been torn, and the floor is scratched. The narrator attributes all these to children, as most of the damage is isolated to their reach.","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"12816880","text":"the Union blockade, and one little girl, Sallie Brock Putnam, plotted the course Santa Claus would have to take to avoid it. Sometimes fathers on both sides were allowed furlough, and children were said to react to their fathers as if seeing \"near strangers\". Excuses for a lack of Santa included Yankees having shot him. Thomas Nast, who used his editorial cartoons to issue Union propaganda, made several illustrations reflecting the war. The one for Christmas Eve 1862, which ran in the January 1863 issue of Harper's Weekly shows a wife on one side praying though a window in one","title":"Christmas in the American Civil War"},{"id":"17722599","text":"of $15 million. For the restoration, \"conservators separated the painting's 27 panels and cleaned each one inch by inch with cotton swabs, stabilized brittle areas and removed bad touchups and damaging glue.\" The painting, for the first time in decades, has been hung correctly so that it bows inward and gives audiences the feeling of 3-dimensionality. When the cyclorama was restored in 1962 a new visitor's center was commissioned to house the piece. Created by well renowned architect, Richard Neutra. Neurta's design was a part of the National Park's Services' Mission 66, which sought to update \"deteriorated and dangerous conditions","title":"Commemoration of the American Civil War"},{"id":"7109078","text":"John B. Cary requested their return, Butler refused the request. Because the practice effectively recognized the seceded states as foreign entities, President Abraham Lincoln disapproved of it. Gen. Butler did not pay the escaped slaves wages for work that they began to undertake, and he continued to refer to them as slaves. On September 25, 1861, the Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles issued a directive to give \"persons of color, commonly known as contrabands\", in the employment of the Union Navy pay at the rate of $10 per month and a full day's ration. Three weeks later, the Union","title":"Contraband (American Civil War)"},{"id":"2441504","text":"1830s and 1840s, a period of rapid transformation of Northern society that inspired a social and political reformism. Many of the reformers of the period, including abolitionists, attempted in one way or another to transform the lifestyle and work habits of labor, helping workers respond to the new demands of an industrializing, capitalistic society. Antislavery, like many other reform movements of the period, was influenced by the legacy of the Second Great Awakening, a period of religious revival in the new country stressing the reform of individuals which was still relatively fresh in the American memory. Thus, while the reform","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"2679119","text":"building army hospitals in every state. The hygiene of the camps was poor, especially at the beginning of the war when men who had seldom been far from home were brought together for training with thousands of strangers. First came epidemics of the childhood diseases of chicken pox, mumps, whooping cough, and especially, measles. Operations in the South meant a dangerous and new disease environment, bringing diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria. There were no antibiotics, so the surgeons prescribed coffee, whiskey, and quinine. Harsh weather, bad water, inadequate shelter in winter quarters, poor policing of camps, and dirty camp","title":"Union (American Civil War)"},{"id":"9244230","text":"\"Yellow Jack.\" \"Yellow Jack\" was presented on \"Philip Morris Playhouse\" September 5, 1941. Yellow Jack Yellow Jack refers to a 1934 play (see \"Yellow Jack\" (play) and a 1938 film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer of the same title. Both were co-written by Sidney Howard and Paul de Kruif (the former a Pulitzer- and Oscar-winning playwright and screenwriter; the latter a well-known microbiologist and author). The plot line follows the events of the well-known \"Walter Reed Boards,\" in which Major Walter Reed of the U.S. Army worked to diagnose and treat yellow fever (called “yellow jack”) in Cuba in 1898-1900. The U.S.","title":"Yellow Jack"},{"id":"16404097","text":"\"First Georgia Blue\", a Civil War drama which he hoped to release as part of the sesquicentennial commemoration of the conflict. In 1976, Smith married Vicki Irene Greer. The idea of the yellow mailbox (seen in the film \"The Mailbox\" and the origin of the name Yellow Post Pictures) derived from the Greer family mailbox, which Vicki painted yellow and which was yellow while they were dating. The couple has 3 children. Smith is a graduate of Mercer University in Atlanta (BA in Religion, 1979), Master's International School of Divinity (MMin, 2012), and Regent University (MA in Cinema and television,","title":"Gary T. Smith"},{"id":"791658","text":"Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the Civil War, Lincoln declared, \"So this is the little lady who started this great war.\" The quote is apocryphal; it did not appear in print until 1896, and it has been argued that \"The long-term durability of Lincoln's greeting as an anecdote in literary studies and Stowe scholarship can perhaps be explained in part by the desire among many contemporary intellectuals ... to affirm the role of literature as an agent of social change.\" The book and the plays it inspired helped popularize a number of stereotypes about black people. These","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin"},{"id":"616782","text":"Abraham Lincoln, an opinion that is later echoed in the apocryphal story of Lincoln greeting Stowe with the quip \"So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war!\" (see American Civil War) Frederick Douglass praised the novel as \"a flash to light a million camp fires in front of the embattled hosts of slavery\". Despite Douglass's enthusiasm, an anonymous 1852 reviewer for William Lloyd Garrison's publication \"The Liberator\" suspected a racial double standard in the idealization of Uncle Tom: Uncle Tom's character is sketched with great power and rare religious perception. It triumphantly exemplifies the","title":"Uncle Tom"},{"id":"428661","text":"Reconstruction\", which offered Southern states a chance to peacefully rejoin the Union if they abolished slavery and collected loyalty oaths from 10% of their voting population. Southern states did not readily accept the deal, and the status of slavery remained uncertain. In the final years of the Civil War, Union lawmakers debated various proposals for Reconstruction. Some of these called for a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery nationally and permanently. On December 14, 1863, a bill proposing such an amendment was introduced by Representative James Mitchell Ashley of Ohio. Representative James F. Wilson of Iowa soon followed with a similar","title":"Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution"},{"id":"9232814","text":"States Civil War and considered to be the first written recitation of the rules and articles of war, adhered to by all civilised nations, the precursor of international law. This led to the first prosecution for war crimes—in the case of United States prisoners of war held in cruel and depraved conditions at Andersonville, Georgia, in which the Confederate commandant of that camp was tried and hanged, the only Confederate soldier to be punished by death in the aftermath of the entire Civil War. In the years that followed, other states subscribed to limitations of their conduct, and numerous other","title":"International law"},{"id":"9668622","text":"council room), cemetery, and sacred shrines. Screenwriter Frank S. Nugent developed the concept for the film while writing the screenplay for \"She Wore a Yellow Ribbon\" in 1948. During research, Nugent consulted historians Dee Brown and Martin F. Schmitt, authors of \"Fighting Indians of the West\", for sources of information about the use of \"Galvanized Yankees\", and learned that Confederate plans to connect El Paso, Texas with California were formulated in late 1864. He submitted his story, \"The Yankee From Georgia\", to Metro Goldwyn Mayer but did not receive an offer. The project for Fox began with the working title,","title":"Two Flags West"},{"id":"3951392","text":"States, a German immigrant, Francis Lieber, drew up a code of conduct in 1863, which came to be known as the Lieber Code, for the Union Army during the American Civil War. The Lieber Code included the humane treatment of civilian populations in the areas of conflict, and also forbade the execution of POWs. At the same time, the involvement during the Crimean War of a number of such individuals as Florence Nightingale and Henry Dunant, a Genevese businessman who had worked with wounded soldiers at the Battle of Solferino, led to more systematic efforts to prevent the suffering of","title":"International humanitarian law"},{"id":"10704615","text":"defended himself by arguing that he was only following orders from the Duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold, to whom the Holy Roman Empire had given Breisach. In 1865, Henry Wirz, a Confederate officer, was held accountable and hanged for appalling conditions at Andersonville Prison where many Union soldiers died during the American Civil War. After World War I, a small number of German personnel were tried by a German court in the Leipzig War Crimes Trials for crimes allegedly committed during that war. Article 227 of the Treaty of Versailles, the peace treaty between Germany and the Allied Powers","title":"War crimes trial"},{"id":"4479","text":"secession, all of which laid the blame squarely on the movement to abolish slavery and that movement's influence over the politics of the northern states. The southern states believed slaveholding was a constitutional right because of the Fugitive slave clause of the Constitution. These states agreed to form a new federal government, the Confederate States of America, on February 4, 1861. They took control of federal forts and other properties within their boundaries with little resistance from outgoing President James Buchanan, whose term ended on March 4, 1861. Buchanan said that the Dred Scott decision was proof that the South","title":"American Civil War"},{"id":"3819507","text":"in her book \"On Being Ill\". Charlotte Perkins Gilman's protagonist in \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" also suffers under the auspices of rest cure doctors, much as Gilman herself did. Marcel Proust was said to suffer from neurasthenia. To capitalize on this epidemic, the Rexall drug company introduced a medication called 'Americanitis Elixir' which claimed to be a soother for any bouts related to Neurasthenia. Beard, with his partner A.D. Rockwell, advocated first electrotherapy and then increasingly experimental treatments for people with neurasthenia, a position that was controversial. An 1868 review posited that Beard's and Rockwell's knowledge of the scientific method was","title":"Neurasthenia"},{"id":"2679121","text":"the Army (WCAR), founded in 1861 by Henry Whitney Bellows, a Unitarian minister, and the social reformer Dorothea Dix. Systematic funding appeals raised public consciousness as well as millions of dollars. Many thousands of volunteers worked in the hospitals and rest homes, most famously poet Walt Whitman. Frederick Law Olmsted, a famous landscape architect, was the highly efficient executive director of the Sanitary Commission. States could use their own tax money to support their troops, as Ohio did. Under the energetic leadership of Governor David Tod, a War Democrat who won office on a coalition \"Union Party\" ticket with Republicans,","title":"Union (American Civil War)"},{"id":"4460","text":"white men aged 18–40. The causes of secession were complex and have been controversial since the war began, but most academic scholars identify slavery as a central cause of the war. James C. Bradford wrote that the issue has been further complicated by historical revisionists, who have tried to offer a variety of reasons for the war. Slavery was the central source of escalating political tension in the 1850s. The Republican Party was determined to prevent any spread of slavery, and many Southern leaders had threatened secession if the Republican candidate, Lincoln, won the 1860 election. After Lincoln won, many","title":"American Civil War"},{"id":"17722582","text":"29th Texas Cavalry and shot to death while undergoing treatment at battlefield aid stations, presumably in retaliation for battlefield actions \"by Negroes against our Confederate troops.\" Podcast reader Mark K. Christ, a member of the Arkansas Preservation Board, comments: \"This War became one of extermination.\" The State of Georgia's National Park Service (NPS) linked site offers a resource for examining and understanding the African American experience in the United States. The NPS selects \"From the Civil War to Civil Rights\" as the Sesquicentennial theme. The intent is to be more inclusive in nature than what has gone before in the","title":"Commemoration of the American Civil War"},{"id":"465288","text":"of the 19th century did not expect, or necessarily want, his stories to be pure nonfiction. Historian Michael Robertson has said that \"Newspaper reporters and readers of the 1890s were much less concerned with distinguishing among fact-based reporting, opinion and literature.\" Pulitzer, though lacking Hearst's resources, kept the story on his front page. The yellow press covered the revolution extensively and often inaccurately, but conditions on Cuba were horrific enough. The island was in a terrible economic depression, and Spanish general Valeriano Weyler, sent to crush the rebellion, herded Cuban peasants into concentration camps, leading hundreds of Cubans to their","title":"Yellow journalism"},{"id":"15121906","text":"not united against slavery, and many Union troops desired that the United States, win or lose, be a white man's country. However, it was clear to all that Lincoln's party, the Republican Party, was in favor of eventual if not immediate emancipation. While most historians agree that the war erupted over a debate about slavery, the role of slavery in the motivation of soldiers had been the subject of widespread debate. J. Tracy Power in \"Lee's Miserables\" and Stephen Berry in \"All That Makes a Man\" argued that Confederate soldiers did not think much about slavery. Others such as Chandra","title":"Slavery during the American Civil War"},{"id":"11103271","text":"and later secession. The most controversial right claimed by Southern states was the alleged right of Southerners to spread slavery into territories owned by the United States. Under Lincoln's leadership, the war was fought to preserve the Union. With slavery so deeply divisive, Union leaders by 1862 reached the decision that slavery had to end in order for the Union to be restored. Union war evolved as the war progressed in response to political and military issues, and historians do not use them to explain the causes of the war. The key new issues were the elimination of slavery and","title":"Issues of the American Civil War"},{"id":"2441595","text":"central among historians in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. Revisionist historians, led by James G. Randall (1881–1953) at the University of Illinois and Avery Craven (1885–1980) at the University of Chicago, saw in the social and economic systems of the South no differences so fundamental as to require a war. Historian Mark Neely explains their position: Revisionism challenged the view that fundamental and irreconcilable sectional differences made the outbreak of war inevitable. It scorned a previous generation's easy identification of the Northern cause with abolition, but it continued a tradition of hostility to the Reconstruction measures that followed the war.","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"2441478","text":"international trade in the North. Searching for Biblical passages endorsing slavery and forming economic, sociological, historical and scientific arguments, slavery went from being a \"necessary evil\" to a \"positive good\". Dr. John H. Van Evrie's book \"Negroes and Negro slavery: The First an Inferior Race: The Latter Its Normal Condition\"—setting out the arguments the title would suggest—was an attempt to apply scientific support to the Southern arguments in favor of race-based slavery. Latent sectional divisions suddenly activated derogatory sectional imagery which emerged into sectional ideologies. As industrial capitalism gained momentum in the North, Southern writers emphasized whatever aristocratic traits they","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"4463","text":"Historian Thomas Fleming points to the historical phrase \"a disease in the public mind\" used by critics of this idea, and proposes it contributed to the segregation in the Jim Crow era following emancipation. These fears were exacerbated by the recent attempts of John Brown to instigate an armed slave rebellion in the South. Slavery was illegal in much of the North, having been outlawed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was also fading in the border states and in Southern cities, but it was expanding in the highly profitable cotton districts of the rural South and","title":"American Civil War"},{"id":"10133716","text":"today is her semi-autobiographical short story \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" which she wrote after a severe bout of postpartum psychosis. The following is a brief family tree of the Beecher family, and its many notable members : Beecher family Originating in New England, one particular Beecher family in the 19th century was a political family notable for issues of religion, civil rights, and social reform. Notable members of the family include clergy (Congregationalists), educators, authors and artists. Many of the family were Yale-educated and advocated for abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights. Some of the family provided material or ideological support to","title":"Beecher family"},{"id":"4474","text":"C. Vann Woodward said of the latter group, Perceived insults to Southern collective honor included the enormous popularity of \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" (1852) and the actions of abolitionist John Brown in trying to incite a slave rebellion in 1859. While the South moved towards a Southern nationalism, leaders in the North were also becoming more nationally minded, and they rejected any notion of splitting the Union. The Republican national electoral platform of 1860 warned that Republicans regarded disunion as treason and would not tolerate it: \"We denounce those threats of disunion ... as denying the vital principles of a free","title":"American Civil War"},{"id":"4931820","text":"of Northern Aggression\" has been used to indicate the Union side as the belligerent party in the war. Though sometimes used only jokingly today, the name arose in the 1950s during the Jim Crow era, when it was coined by segregationists who tried to equate contemporary efforts to end segregation with 19th century efforts to abolish slavery. This name has been criticized by historians such as James M. McPherson, as the Confederacy \"took the initiative by seceding in defiance of an election of a president by a constitutional majority\", and as \"the Confederacy started the war by firing on the","title":"Names of the American Civil War"},{"id":"2679143","text":"for Freedmen and moving into Southern cities even to the point of taking control, with Army help, of buildings that had belonged to the southern branch of the church. The Methodist family magazine \"Ladies' Repository\" promoted Christian family activism. Its articles provided moral uplift to women and children. It portrayed the War as a great moral crusade against a decadent Southern civilization corrupted by slavery. It recommended activities that family members could perform in order to aid the Union cause. Historian Stephen M. Frank reports that what it meant to be a father varied with status and age. He says","title":"Union (American Civil War)"},{"id":"12629258","text":"Robert Henry Newell Robert Henry Newell (December 13, 1836 – July 1901) was a popular 19th century American humorist. During the U.S. Civil War, Newell wrote a series of satirical articles using the pseudonym Orpheus C. Kerr, commenting on the war and contemporary society. His articles appeared weekly in the New York \"Sunday Mercury\", where he was the literary editor until 1862, and were published in a series of books. Among other newspapers he worked at, from 1869–74 he wrote for the \"New York World\". From ~1862–65, he was married to famous actress Adah Isaacs Menken. The name \"Orpheus C.","title":"Robert Henry Newell"},{"id":"4386252","text":"its first report was published in 1863. The committee's first report was issued in three parts. Part 1 covered the Army of the Potomac. Part 2 covered the Union's 1861 Eastern Theater losses at First Bull Run and at Ball's Bluff. Part 3 covered the war's Western Theater. The 1864 report had two parts. The first presented reports and testimony taken involving the alleged Confederate mistreatment of United States Colored Troops soldiers after their surrender at Fort Pillow. The second part related to the condition of returned Union soldiers after their imprisonment in Confederate prisoner-of-war camps. The 1865 report was","title":"United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War"},{"id":"3275459","text":"Anthony Comstock Anthony Comstock (March 7, 1844 – September 21, 1915) was a United States Postal Inspector and politician dedicated to ideas of Victorian morality. The terms \"comstockery\" and \"comstockism\" were used for his extensive campaign to censor materials he considered indecent and obscene, such as birth control information. Comstock was born in New Canaan, Connecticut, the son of Polly Ann (Lockwood) and Thomas Anthony Comstock. As a young man, he enlisted and fought for the Union in the American Civil War from 1863 to 1865 in Company H, 17th Connecticut Infantry. He served without incident, but objected to the","title":"Anthony Comstock"},{"id":"2441508","text":"Abolitionists also attacked slavery as a threat to the freedom of white Americans. Defining freedom as more than a simple lack of restraint, antebellum reformers held that the truly free man was one who imposed restraints upon himself. Thus, for the anti-slavery reformers of the 1830s and 1840s, the promise of free labor and upward social mobility (opportunities for advancement, rights to own property, and to control one's own labor), was central to the ideal of reforming individuals. Controversy over the so-called Ostend Manifesto (which proposed the U.S. annexation of Cuba as a slave state) and the Fugitive Slave Act","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"2441475","text":"them was slavery, where it existed and where it did not, for by 1804 it had virtually ceased to exist north of Maryland. Slavery demarked not just their labor and economic situations, but power itself in the new republic.\" With the outcry over developments in Kansas strong in the North, defenders of slavery—increasingly committed to a way of life that abolitionists and their sympathizers considered obsolete or immoral—articulated a militant pro-slavery ideology that would lay the groundwork for secession upon the election of a Republican president. Southerners waged a vitriolic response to political change in the North. Slaveholding interests sought","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"20064520","text":"War Office Selection Boards War Office Selection Boards, or WOSBs, were a scheme devised by British Army psychiatrists during World War II to select potential officers for the British Army. They replaced an earlier method, the Command Interview Board, and were the precursors to today's Army Officer Selection Boards. The WOSBs were also later adapted to civilian purposes such as selecting civil servants and firemen. Following British defeats and German successes with Blitzkrieg in the early months of World War II, Members of Parliament and the British media expressed concerns with how the British Army was being led. There was","title":"War Office Selection Boards"},{"id":"7109074","text":"Contraband (American Civil War) Contraband was a term commonly used in the United States military during the American Civil War to describe a new status for certain escaped slaves or those who affiliated with Union forces. The Army (and the United States Congress) determined that the US would not return escaped slaves who went to Union lines and classified them as contraband. They used many as laborers to support Union efforts and soon began to pay them wages. The former slaves set up camps near Union forces, and the Army helped support and educate both adults and children among the","title":"Contraband (American Civil War)"},{"id":"11579152","text":"so his proposal veered too close to abolition for the pro-slavery Confederacy. The other officers in the Army of Tennessee disapproved of the proposal. A. P. Stewart said that emancipating slaves for military use was \"at war with my social, moral, and political principles\", while James Patton Anderson called the proposal \"revolting to Southern sentiment, Southern pride, and Southern honor.\" It was sent to Confederate President Jefferson Davis anyway, who refused to consider Cleburne's proposal and ordered the report kept private as discussion of it could only produce \"discouragement, distraction, and dissension.\" Military adviser to Davis General Braxton Bragg considered","title":"Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War"},{"id":"20095246","text":"James Chaplin Beecher James Chaplin Beecher, (January 8, 1828 – August 25, 1886), was an American Congregationalist minister and Colonel for the Union Army during the American Civil War. He came from the Beecher family, a prominent 19th century American religious family. James Chaplin Beecher was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and the youngest child of Lyman Beecher and Harriet Porter Beecher. Lyman was a Presbyterian minister who became best known as a revivalist and social reformer in the years before the American Civil War. His noted half-siblings include; Harriet Beecher Stowe, famed abolitionist and author of the novel Uncle Tom’s","title":"James Chaplin Beecher"},{"id":"2441533","text":"of power. Intertwined with religious, ethnic, regional, and class identities, the issues of free labor and free soil were thus easy to play on. Events during the next two years in \"Bleeding Kansas\" sustained the popular fervor originally aroused among some elements in the North by the Kansas–Nebraska Act. Free-State settlers from the North were encouraged by press and pulpit and the powerful organs of abolitionist propaganda. Often they received financial help from such organizations as the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company. Those from the South often received financial contributions from the communities they left. Southerners sought to uphold their constitutional","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"13655500","text":"Douglas the camel Douglas The Camel, or “Old Douglas,” was a domesticated camel used by Company A of the 43rd Mississippi Infantry, part of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Because of Old Douglas, the 43rd Mississippi Infantry came to be known as the Camel Regiment, Douglas was originally part of a U.S. War Department program called the Texas Camel Experiment, which aimed to experiment with camels as a possible alternative to horses and mules, which were dying of dehydration in vast numbers. Jefferson Davis, who had ascended to the position of United States Secretary of War in","title":"Douglas the camel"},{"id":"2547190","text":"association with peas and good luck dates back to the American Civil War. The first is associated with General William T. Sherman’s march of the Union Army to the sea, during which they pillaged the Confederates' food supplies. Stories say peas and salted pork were said to have been left untouched, because of the belief that they were animal food unfit for human consumption. Southerners considered themselves lucky to be left with some supplies to help them survive the winter, and black-eyed peas evolved into a representation of good luck. One challenge to this legend is that General Sherman brought","title":"Black-eyed pea"},{"id":"2342116","text":"famous and obscure. The series' slow zooming and panning across still images was later termed the \"Ken Burns effect\". Burns combined these images with modern cinematography, music, narration by David McCullough, anecdotes and insights from authors such as Shelby Foote, historians Barbara J. Fields, Ed Bearss, and Stephen B. Oates; and actors reading contemporary quotes from historical figures such as Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Walt Whitman, Stonewall Jackson, and Frederick Douglass, as well as diaries by Mary Chesnut, Sam Watkins, Elisha Hunt Rhodes and George Templeton Strong. A large cast of actors voiced correspondence, memoirs, news","title":"The Civil War (miniseries)"},{"id":"4514","text":"serious postwar disputes. However, public opinion against slavery created a political liability for politicians in Britain, where the antislavery movement was powerful. War loomed in late 1861 between the U.S. and Britain over the \"Trent\" affair, involving the U.S. Navy's boarding of the British ship and seizure of two Confederate diplomats. However, London and Washington were able to smooth over the problem after Lincoln released the two. In 1862, the British considered mediation between North and South, though even such an offer would have risked war with the U.S. British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston reportedly read \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" three","title":"American Civil War"},{"id":"2441454","text":"to slavery. The Jeffersonian coalition that united southern planters and northern farmers, mechanics and artisans in opposition to the threat presented by the Federalist Party had started to dissolve after the War of 1812. It was not until the Missouri crisis that Americans became aware of the political possibilities of a sectional attack on slavery, and it was not until the mass politics of Andrew Jackson's administration that this type of organization around this issue became practical. The American System, advocated by Henry Clay in Congress and supported by many nationalist supporters of the War of 1812 such as John","title":"Origins of the American Civil War"},{"id":"2679109","text":"River, as well as some urban ethnic wards. Some historians have argued that it represented a traditionalistic element alarmed at the rapid modernization of society sponsored by the Republican Party. It looked back to Jacksonian Democracy for inspiration – with ideals that promoted an agrarian rather than industrialized concept of society. Weber (2006) argues that the Copperheads damaged the Union war effort by fighting the draft, encouraging desertion and forming conspiracies. However, other historians say the Copperheads were a legitimate opposition force unfairly treated by the government, adding that the draft was in disrepute and that the Republicans greatly exaggerated","title":"Union (American Civil War)"},{"id":"7331259","text":"fixtures of the American economy, and urged negotiation and concord. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, the National War Labor Board formed by President Woodrow Wilson asked the NICB to formulate plans that would keep war industries running and strife-free. Its recommendations—based on cooperation between representatives of employers, employees, and government—were adopted in full. During and after the war, the NCIB conducted pioneering research into workers' compensation laws and the eight-hour workday, and established the U.S. Cost of Living Index. Though often mistrusted in its early years as an “employers union” funding studies against the labor","title":"The Conference Board"},{"id":"11579153","text":"the proposal outright treasonous to the Confederacy. The growing setbacks for the Confederacy in late 1864 caused a number of prominent officials to reconsider their earlier stance, however. President Lincoln's re-election in November 1864 seemed to seal the best political chance for victory the South had. President Davis, Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin, and General Robert E. Lee now were willing to consider modified versions of Cleburne's original proposal. On November 7, 1864, in his annual address to Congress, Davis hinted at arming slaves. Despite the suppression of Cleburne's idea, the question of enlisting slaves into the army had","title":"Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War"},{"id":"465287","text":"Creelman wrote an anecdote in his memoir that artist Frederic Remington telegrammed Hearst to tell him all was quiet in Cuba and \"There will be no war.\" Creelman claimed Hearst responded \"Please remain. You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war.\" Hearst denied the veracity of the story, and no one has found any evidence of the telegrams existing. Historian Emily Erickson states: Hearst became a war hawk after a rebellion broke out in Cuba in 1895. Stories of Cuban virtue and Spanish brutality soon dominated his front page. While the accounts were of dubious accuracy, the newspaper readers","title":"Yellow journalism"},{"id":"3853447","text":"a ghost story. Worse yet, it may not.\" Pioneering horror author H. P. Lovecraft writes in his essay \"Supernatural Horror in Literature\" (1927) that \"'The Yellow Wall Paper' rises to a classic level in subtly delineating the madness which crawls over a woman dwelling in the hideously papered room where a madwoman was once confined.\" Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, in her book \"Wild Unrest: Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Making of \"The Yellow Wall-Paper\"\", concludes that \"the story was a cri de coeur against [Gilman's first husband, artist Charles Walter] Stetson and the traditional marriage he had demanded.\" Gilman was attempting","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"465276","text":"self-promotion. The term was extensively used to describe certain major New York City newspapers around 1900 as they battled for circulation. Frank Luther Mott identifies yellow journalism based on five characteristics: The term was coined in the mid-1890s to characterize the sensational journalism that used some yellow ink in the circulation war between Joseph Pulitzer's \"New York World\" and William Randolph Hearst's \"New York Journal\". The battle peaked from 1895 to about 1898, and historical usage often refers specifically to this period. Both papers were accused by critics of sensationalizing the news in order to drive up circulation, although the","title":"Yellow journalism"},{"id":"3853438","text":"him. This is interpreted as a victory over her husband, at the expense of her sanity. In her article \"Feminist Criticism ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’, and the Politics of Color in America\", Susan S. Lanser, a professor at Brandeis University, praises contemporary feminism and its role in changing the study and the interpretation of literature. \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" was one of many stories that lost authority in the literary world because of an ideology that determined the works' content to be disturbing or offensive. Critics such as the editor of the \"Atlantic Monthly\" rejected the short story because \"[he] could not","title":"The Yellow Wallpaper"},{"id":"6423304","text":"\"Appetite for Destruction\" world tour. Axl wrote lyrics and it was worked into a proper song at a sound check in Melbourne, Australia. On September 27, 1993, Duff McKagan explained where the song came from in an interview on \"Rockline\": Basically it was a riff that we would do at sound-checks. Axl came up with a couple of lines at the beginning. And... I went in a peace march, when I was a little kid, with my mom. I was like four years old. For Martin Luther King. And that's when: \"Did you wear the black arm band when they","title":"Civil War (song)"},{"id":"1951228","text":"native Robert Newton's portrayal of Stevenson's Long John Silver in film. The concept of \"walking the plank\" was popularised by Barrie's \"Peter Pan\", where Captain Hook's pirates helped define the archetype. Davy Jones' Locker, where sailors or ships' remains are consigned to the bottom of the sea, is first recorded by Daniel Defoe in 1726. Johnson's 1724 book gave a mythical status to famous English pirates such as Blackbeard and Calico Jack—Jack's Jolly Roger flag design features a skull with crossed swords. The Gremlin is part of Royal Air Force folklore dating from the 1920s, with \"gremlin\" being RAF slang","title":"Culture of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"5605271","text":"Civil War; upon taking command of the Army of Tennessee in July 1864, General John Bell Hood introduced it as a marching song. The final verse and chorus were slightly altered by the remains of Hood's force after their crushing defeat at the Battle of Nashville that December: The modified lyrics reference famous Confederate military commanders Joseph Johnston, P. G. T. Beauregard, and Robert E. Lee. Texan veterans sang it openly to mock Hood's mishandling of their Nashville campaign. In this version of the chorus, \"soldier\" replaced \"darkey.\" The same substitution is made throughout the song. In 1984, country music","title":"The Yellow Rose of Texas (song)"},{"id":"13390057","text":"home were brought together for training with thousands of strangers. First came epidemics of the childhood diseases of chicken pox, mumps, whooping cough, and, especially, measles. Operations in the South meant a dangerous and new disease environment, bringing diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria. There were no antibiotics, so the surgeons prescribed coffee, whiskey, and quinine. Harsh weather, bad water, inadequate shelter in winter quarters, poor policing of camps and dirty camp hospitals took their toll. This was a common scenario in wars from time immemorial, and conditions faced by the Confederate army were even worse. When the war began,","title":"Medicine in the American Civil War"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"3853448\",\n \"text\": \"to deflect blame to protect Gilman's daughter Katharine and her step-mother, Gilman's friend Grace Channing. Anglican Archbishop Peter Carnley used the story as a reference and a metaphor for the situation of women in the church in his sermon at the ordination of the first women priests in Australia on 7 March 1992 in St George's Cathedral, Perth. In another interpretation, Sari Edelstein has argued that \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" is an allegory for Gilman's hatred of the emerging yellow journalism. Having created \\\"The Forerunner\\\" in November 1909, Gilman made it clear she wished the press to be more insightful and\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853426\",\n \"text\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" (original title: \\\"The Yellow Wall-paper. A Story\\\") is a short story by American writer Charlotte Perkins Gilman, first published in January 1892 in \\\"The New England Magazine\\\". It is regarded as an important early work of American feminist literature, due to its illustration of the attitudes towards mental and physical health of women in the 19th century. Narrated in the first person, the story is a collection of journal entries written by a woman whose physician husband (John) has rented an old mansion for the summer. Forgoing other rooms in the house, the couple\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853433\",\n \"text\": \"allowed to play in a male-dominated society. Women were even discouraged from writing, because it would ultimately create an identity and become a form of defiance. Gilman realized that writing became one of the only forms of existence for women at a time when they had very few rights. Gilman explained that the idea for the story originated in her own experience as a patient: \\\"the real purpose of the story was to reach Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, and convince him of the error of his ways\\\". She had suffered years of depression and consulted a well-known specialist physician who\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853435\",\n \"text\": \"that \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" was \\\"not intended to drive people crazy, but to save people from being driven crazy, and it worked\\\". Gilman claimed that many years later she learned that Mitchell had changed his treatment methods, but literary historian Julie Bates Dock has discredited this. Mitchell continued his methods, and as late as 1908 – 16 years after \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" was published – was interested in creating entire hospitals devoted to the \\\"rest cure\\\" so that his treatments would be more widely accessible. This story has been interpreted by feminist critics as a condemnation of the male control\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853432\",\n \"text\": \"home and the oppressive forces of the patriarchal society. Through her work, Gilman paved the way for writers such as Alice Walker and Sylvia Plath. In \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" Gilman portrays the narrator's insanity as a way to protest the medical, professional, and societal oppression against women at the time. While under the impression that husbands and male doctors were acting with their best interests in mind, women were depicted as mentally weak and fragile. Women’s rights advocates of the era believed that the \\\"outbreak\\\" of this mental instability was the manifestation of their setbacks regarding the roles they were\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853427\",\n \"text\": \"moves into the upstairs nursery. As a form of treatment, the unnamed woman is forbidden from working, and is encouraged to eat well and get plenty of air, so she can recuperate from what he calls a \\\"temporary nervous depression – a slight hysterical tendency\\\", a diagnosis common to women during that period. The story details the descent of a young woman into madness. Her supportive, though misunderstanding husband, John, believes it is in her best interests to go on a rest cure after experiencing symptoms of \\\"temporary nervous depression\\\". The family spends the summer at a colonial mansion that\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11236791\",\n \"text\": \"depression, especially postpartum depression. It was not effective and caused many to go insane, suffer complications of prostration, or die. Before the advent of effective antihypertension medications, bed rest was a standard treatment for markedly high blood pressure. It is still used in cases of carditis secondary to rheumatic fever. Its popularity and perceived efficacy have varied greatly over the centuries. In 1892, feminist writer Charlotte Perkins Gilman published \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\", a horror short story based on her experience when placed under the rest cure from Dr. Silas W. Mitchell himself. She wasn't allowed to write in a journal,\",\n \"title\": \"Bed rest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5086621\",\n \"text\": \"occasion took as its reference an autobiographical piece by Charlotte Perkins Gilman entitled \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\". Carnley used Gilman's account of the self-destruction consequent on a \\\"benignly prescribed, submissive, middle-class role\\\" demanded of women in the 19th century to consider the \\\"implications of the philosophy that women should \\\"stay in their place, maintaining silence, concealing problems and repressing creativity\\\". The yellow wallpaper of the title is what the imprisoned protagonist in Gilman's story peels off the walls as she goes mad. Carnley used it as a metaphor for the situation of the women who had been waiting to be allowed\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Carnley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20729392\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Yellow Jack\\\", a 1938 movie presenting the same narrative. Yellow Fever Commission The Yellow Fever Commission was a research team of the United States Army which researched treatment for yellow fever. The research process itself became a focus of study for later generations. A United States nurse named Clara Maass and two Spanish immigrants were among those who died as a result of their research participation. Researchers mark the research of the Yellow Fever Commission as the origin of the model of modern consent in medical research. The 1934 play \\\"Yellow Jack\\\" told the story of Walter Reed in the\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow Fever Commission\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"380316\",\n \"text\": \"how the Spanish were treating the Cuban prisoners. The stories were based on factual accounts, but most of the time, the articles that were published were embellished and written with incendiary language causing emotional and often heated responses among readers. A common myth falsely states that when illustrator Frederic Remington said there was no war brewing in Cuba, Hearst responded: \\\"You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war.\\\" This new \\\"yellow journalism\\\" was, however, uncommon outside New York City, and historians no longer consider it the major force shaping the national mood. Public opinion nationwide did demand immediate action,\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish–American War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1003784\",\n \"text\": \"Charlotte Perkins Gilman Charlotte Perkins Gilman (); also Charlotte Perkins Stetson (July 3, 1860 – August 17, 1935), was a prominent American humanist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform. She was a utopian feminist and served as a role model for future generations of feminists because of her unorthodox concepts and lifestyle. She has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Her best remembered work today is her semi-autobiographical short story \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\", which she wrote after a severe bout of postpartum psychosis. Gilman was born on July 3,\",\n \"title\": \"Charlotte Perkins Gilman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20729391\",\n \"text\": \"Yellow Fever Commission The Yellow Fever Commission was a research team of the United States Army which researched treatment for yellow fever. The research process itself became a focus of study for later generations. A United States nurse named Clara Maass and two Spanish immigrants were among those who died as a result of their research participation. Researchers mark the research of the Yellow Fever Commission as the origin of the model of modern consent in medical research. The 1934 play \\\"Yellow Jack\\\" told the story of Walter Reed in the Yellow Fever Commission. That play was the basis of\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow Fever Commission\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853434\",\n \"text\": \"prescribed a \\\"rest cure\\\" which required her to \\\"live as domestic a life as possible\\\". She was forbidden to touch pen, pencil, or brush, and was allowed only two hours of mental stimulation a day. After three months and almost desperate, Gilman decided to contravene her diagnosis, along with the treatment methods, and started to work again. Aware of how close she had come to complete mental breakdown, the author wrote \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" with additions and exaggerations to illustrate her own criticism for the medical field. Gilman sent a copy to Mitchell but never received a response. She added\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853443\",\n \"text\": \"works take place, between 1840 and 1890, women were exceedingly defined as lesser than—sickly and weak. In this time period it was thought that \\\"hysteria\\\" (a disease stereotypically more common in women) was a result of too much education. It was understood that women who spent time in college or studying were over-stimulating their brains and consequently leading themselves into states of hysteria. In fact, many of the diseases recognized in women were seen as the result of a lack of self-control or self-rule. Different physicians argued that a physician must \\\"assume a tone of authority\\\" and that the idea\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853436\",\n \"text\": \"of the 19th-century medical profession. Throughout the short story the narrator offers many suggestions to help her get better such as exercising, working, or socializing with the outside world. Her ideas, though, are dismissed immediately while using language that stereotypes her as irrational and, therefore, unqualified to offer ideas about her own condition. This interpretation draws on the concept of the \\\"domestic sphere\\\" that women were held in during this period. Many feminist critics focus on the degree of triumph at the end of the story. Although some claim the narrator slipped into insanity, others see the ending as a\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1003798\",\n \"text\": \"The narrator in the story must do as her husband, who is also her doctor, demands, although the treatment he prescribes contrasts directly with what she truly needs — mental stimulation and the freedom to escape the monotony of the room to which she is confined. \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" was essentially a response to the doctor who had tried to cure her of her depression through a \\\"rest cure\\\", Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell, and she sent him a copy of the story. Gilman's first book was \\\"Art Gems for the Home and Fireside\\\" (1888); however, it was her first volume\",\n \"title\": \"Charlotte Perkins Gilman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4581\",\n \"text\": \"the home front, military affairs, the treatment of soldiers, both living and dead, in the war's aftermath, depictions of the war in literature and art, evaluations of heroes and villains, and considerations of the moral and political lessons of the war. The last theme includes moral evaluations of racism and slavery, heroism in combat and heroism behind the lines, and the issues of democracy and minority rights, as well as the notion of an \\\"Empire of Liberty\\\" influencing the world. Professional historians have paid much more attention to the causes of the war, than to the war itself. Military history\",\n \"title\": \"American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"88393\",\n \"text\": \"Union, particularly in the Deep South, accepted the majority decision, and supported the Confederacy. The American Civil War became an American tragedy, what some scholars termed the \\\"Brothers' War\\\", pitting \\\"brother against brother, father against son, kin against kin of every degree\\\". According to historian Avery O. Craven in 1950, the Confederate States of America was created by secessionists in Southern slave states who believed that the federal government was making them second-class citizens and refused to honor their belief that slavery was beneficial to the Negro. They judged the agent of change to be abolitionists and anti-slavery elements in\",\n \"title\": \"Confederate States of America\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441523\",\n \"text\": \"be extremely offensive. Anthony Burns was among the fugitive slaves captured and returned in chains to slavery as a result of the law. Harriett Beecher Stowe's best selling novel \\\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\\\" greatly increased opposition to the Fugitive Slave Law. Most people thought the Compromise had ended the territorial issue, but Stephen A. Douglas reopened it in 1854, in the name of democracy. Douglas proposed the Kansas–Nebraska Bill with the intention of opening up vast new high quality farm lands to settlement. As a Chicagoan, he was especially interested in the railroad connections from Chicago into Kansas and Nebraska, but\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"791656\",\n \"text\": \"Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have \\\"helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War\\\". Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Seminary and an active abolitionist, featured the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome\",\n \"title\": \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2794202\",\n \"text\": \"to America from Europe by English settlers. The origin of the yellow ribbons seems likely to have come from out of the Puritan heritage. It was during the English Civil War that the Puritan Army of English Parliament wore yellow ribbons and yellow sashes onto the battlefield. Yellow is the official color of the armor branch of the U.S. Army, used in insignia, etc., and depicted in Hollywood movies by the yellow neckerchief adorning latter-half 19th century, horse-mounted U.S. Cavalry soldiers. However, a review of the U.S. War Department's \\\"Regulations for the Uniform and Dress of the Army of the\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow ribbon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9244228\",\n \"text\": \"Yellow Jack Yellow Jack refers to a 1934 play (see \\\"Yellow Jack\\\" (play) and a 1938 film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer of the same title. Both were co-written by Sidney Howard and Paul de Kruif (the former a Pulitzer- and Oscar-winning playwright and screenwriter; the latter a well-known microbiologist and author). The plot line follows the events of the well-known \\\"Walter Reed Boards,\\\" in which Major Walter Reed of the U.S. Army worked to diagnose and treat yellow fever (called “yellow jack”) in Cuba in 1898-1900. The U.S. Army Medical Corps doctors studied the theory by the Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow Jack\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441477\",\n \"text\": \"Liberator\\\" in 1831 by William Lloyd Garrison. The fear was a race war by blacks that would massacre whites especially in Black Belt counties where whites were a small minority. The South reacted with an elaborate intellectual defense of slavery. J. D. B. DeBow of New Orleans established \\\"De Bow's Review\\\" in 1846, which quickly grew to become the leading Southern magazine, warning about the dangers of depending on the North economically. \\\"De Bow's Review\\\" also emerged as the leading voice for secession. The magazine emphasized the South's economic inequality, relating it to the concentration of manufacturing, shipping, banking and\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17868052\",\n \"text\": \"Civil War\\\" held its world premiere in Los Angeles on April 12, 2016, and was released in the United States on May 6, 2016, in 3D and IMAX 3D. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $1.1billion worldwide, and garnering praise for the performances (particularly Evans and Downey), action, screenplay, and themes. It became the highest-grossing film of 2016 and the twelfth-highest-grossing film of all time. In 1991, the brainwashed super-soldier James \\\"Bucky\\\" Barnes is dispatched from a Hydra base in Siberia to intercept an automobile carrying a case of super-soldier serum. In the present day, approximately\",\n \"title\": \"Captain America: Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4450\",\n \"text\": \"American Civil War The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate\",\n \"title\": \"American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441476\",\n \"text\": \"to uphold their constitutional rights in the territories and to maintain sufficient political strength to repulse \\\"hostile\\\" and \\\"ruinous\\\" legislation. Behind this shift was the growth of the cotton textile industry in the North and in Europe, which left slavery more important than ever to the Southern economy. Southern spokesmen greatly exaggerated the power of abolitionists, looking especially at the great popularity of \\\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\\\" (1852), the novel and play by Harriet Beecher Stowe (whom Abraham Lincoln reputedly called \\\"the little woman that started this great war\\\"). They saw a vast growing abolitionist movement after the success of \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3487131\",\n \"text\": \"of the 19th century. His historical novels, \\\"Hugh Wynne\\\", \\\"Free Quaker\\\" (1897), \\\"The Adventures of François\\\" (1898), \\\"The Youth of Washington\\\" (1904) and \\\"The Red City\\\" (1909), take high rank in this branch of fiction. He was Charlotte Perkins Gilman's doctor and his use of a rest cure on her provided the idea for \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\", a short story in which the narrator is driven insane by her rest cure. His treatment was also used on Virginia Woolf, who wrote a savage satire of it in her novel \\\"Mrs. Dalloway\\\" (1925): \\\"you invoke proportion; order rest in bed; rest\",\n \"title\": \"Silas Weir Mitchell (physician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20063925\",\n \"text\": \"the time of the Second World War, this view began to change. Psychiatrists and psychologists such as Millais Culpin and Adolf Vischer argued that POWs were at risk of mental harm, and Vischer coined the term \\\"barbed-wire disease\\\" to describe this condition. Psychiatrists had been keen to look into these ideas, and the outbreak of war gave them the opportunity to conduct research. The 1929 Geneva Convention had changed how POWs were dealt with by setting forth rules for prisoner exchange which made it possible for POWs to be returned to their home nations before the end of the war.\",\n \"title\": \"Civil Resettlement Units\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4505\",\n \"text\": \"Britain. By early 1861, General Winfield Scott had devised the Anaconda Plan to win the war with as little bloodshed as possible. Scott argued that a Union blockade of the main ports would weaken the Confederate economy. Lincoln adopted parts of the plan, but he overruled Scott's caution about 90-day volunteers. Public opinion, however, demanded an immediate attack by the army to capture Richmond. In April 1861, Lincoln announced the Union blockade of all Southern ports; commercial ships could not get insurance and regular traffic ended. The South blundered in embargoing cotton exports in 1861 before the blockade was effective;\",\n \"title\": \"American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"465290\",\n \"text\": \"ten sources of news in regional papers, and the stories simply did not make a splash outside New York City. Rather, war came because public opinion was sickened by the bloodshed, and because leaders like McKinley realized that Spain had lost control of Cuba. These factors weighed more on the president's mind than the melodramas in the \\\"New York Journal.\\\" When the invasion began, Hearst sailed directly to Cuba as a war correspondent, providing sober and accurate accounts of the fighting. Creelman later praised the work of the reporters for exposing the horrors of Spanish misrule, arguing, \\\"no true history\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow journalism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"88489\",\n \"text\": \"standing trial for treason. Henry Wirz, the commandant of a notorious prisoner-of-war camp near Andersonville, Georgia, was tried and convicted by a military court, and executed on November 10, 1865. The charges against him involved conspiracy and cruelty, not treason. The U.S. government began a decade-long process known as Reconstruction which attempted to resolve the political and constitutional issues of the Civil War. The priorities were: to guarantee that Confederate nationalism and slavery were ended, to ratify and enforce the Thirteenth Amendment which outlawed slavery; the Fourteenth which guaranteed dual U.S. and state citizenship to all native-born residents, regardless of\",\n \"title\": \"Confederate States of America\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441460\",\n \"text\": \"own slaves—the foundation of the plantation agricultural system—as the chief southern minority right being threatened: On May 1, 1833, Jackson wrote of this idea, \\\"the tariff was only the pretext, and disunion and southern confederacy the real object. The next pretext will be the negro, or slavery question.\\\" The issue appeared again after 1842's Black Tariff. A period of relative free trade followed 1846's Walker Tariff, which had been largely written by Southerners. Northern industrialists (and some in western Virginia) complained it was too low to encourage the growth of industry. From 1831 to 1836 William Lloyd Garrison and the\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7821884\",\n \"text\": \"her interest in art, and her aunt, watercolorist Susan Hale, most likely provided her first artistic instruction. Her brother was Philip Leslie Hale, a celebrated artist and art critic, and he married Lilian Westcott Hale, an Impressionist painter. Hale's family background provided her with a network of strong female role models. Her great-aunt was Harriet Beecher Stowe, abolitionist and author of the anti-slavery novel \\\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\\\". Educator Catharine Beecher and suffragist Isabella Beecher Hooker were also great-aunts. One of Hale’s first cousins was writer and social reformer Charlotte Perkins Gilman, best known for her short story \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Ellen Day Hale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13948452\",\n \"text\": \"war and those leading up to it are discussed, such as Antonio Maceo Grajales, Máximo Gómez, José Martí, Clemencia Arango. Other topics covered include the media hype for the war created by William Randolph Hearst's \\\"New York Journal\\\" and Joseph Pulitzer's \\\"New York World\\\" (which led to the concept of yellow journalism); the explosion of the , which the two newspapers blamed on the Spanish; the actions of labor unions, which supported the Cuban rebels but not U.S. intervention; the Black 25th Infantry and its experience with racism at the hands of the Rough Riders; the poisoning of soldiers by\",\n \"title\": \"A People's History of American Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"465285\",\n \"text\": \"yellow nightshirt (nicknamed The Yellow Kid), became exceptionally popular when cartoonist Richard F. Outcault began drawing it in the \\\"World\\\" in early 1896. When Hearst predictably hired Outcault away, Pulitzer asked artist George Luks to continue the strip with his characters, giving the city two Yellow Kids. The use of \\\"yellow journalism\\\" as a synonym for over-the-top sensationalism in the U.S. apparently started with more serious newspapers commenting on the excesses of \\\"the Yellow Kid papers.\\\" In 1890, Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis published \\\"The Right to Privacy\\\", considered the most influential of all law review articles, as a critical\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow journalism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853446\",\n \"text\": \"or diagnosis and is completely forced to succumb to everything in which her doctor and in this particular story, her husband, says. The male voice is the one in which forces controls on the female and decides how she is allowed to perceive and speak about the world around her. \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" is sometimes referred to as an example of Gothic literature for its themes of madness and powerlessness. Alan Ryan, for example, introduced the story by writing: \\\"quite apart from its origins [it] is one of the finest, and strongest, tales of horror ever written. It may be\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"465286\",\n \"text\": \"response to sensational forms of journalism, which they saw as an unprecedented threat to individual privacy. The article is widely considered to have led to the recognition of new common law privacy rights of action. Pulitzer and Hearst are often adduced as the cause of the United States' entry into the Spanish–American War due to sensationalist stories or exaggerations of the terrible conditions in Cuba. However, the vast majority of Americans did not live in New York City, and the decision-makers who did live there probably relied more on staid newspapers like the \\\"Times\\\", \\\"The Sun\\\", or the \\\"Post\\\". James\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow journalism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441551\",\n \"text\": \"hope of adding to the power of slavery in the National Government. Sumner famously cast the South Carolinian as having \\\"chosen a mistress ... who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight – I mean the harlot, slavery!\\\" According to Hoffer (2010), \\\"It is also important to note the sexual imagery that recurred throughout the oration, which was neither accidental nor without precedent. Abolitionists routinely accused slaveholders of maintaining slavery so that they could engage in forcible sexual relations with their slaves.\\\" Three days later,\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11103291\",\n \"text\": \"of soldiers who fell asleep at their posts or for desertion. Lincoln pardoned many of the latter group of soldiers. Jefferson C. Davis (not to be confused with Confederate President Jefferson Davis) was especially notorious. He shot fellow Union soldier William \\\"Bull\\\" Nelson during an argument, and later pulled up a bridge to keep emancipated slaves from following Sherman's army. Trapped ex-slaves were then killed by Confederate Wheeler's army, and others drowned trying to flee into Ebeneezer Creek. Women who raised money for a sanitary fair needed the written permission of their husbands to send the money to Union hospitals.\",\n \"title\": \"Issues of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12633856\",\n \"text\": \"calamitous. It was originally a civil war in the estimation of both parties... .\\\" Framing the American Revolutionary War as a civil war is making its way to classrooms on both sides of the Atlantic. After the American Civil War, the federal government started in 1865-1877 a process called Reconstruction, which aimed to restore the South to the Union and update the federal and state governance in accordance with the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. Due to severity of the social, political, and constitutional challenges and conflicts of the Reconstruction Era, the Reconstruction is sometimes\",\n \"title\": \"Second American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"465277\",\n \"text\": \"newspapers did serious reporting as well. An English magazine in 1898 noted, \\\"All American journalism is not 'yellow', though all strictly 'up-to-date' yellow journalism is American!\\\" The term was coined by Erwin Wardman, the editor of the \\\"New York Press\\\". Wardman was the first to publish the term but there is evidence that expressions such as \\\"yellow journalism\\\" and \\\"school of yellow kid journalism\\\" were already used by newsmen of that time. Wardman never defined the term exactly. Possibly it was a mutation from earlier slander where Wardman twisted \\\"new journalism\\\" into \\\"nude journalism\\\". Wardman had also used the expression\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow journalism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4579\",\n \"text\": \"Union victory on the battlefield by reuniting the Union; to guarantee a \\\"republican form of government for the ex-Confederate states; and to permanently end slavery—and prevent semi-slavery status. President Johnson took a lenient approach and saw the achievement of the main war goals as realized in 1865, when each ex-rebel state repudiated secession and ratified the Thirteenth Amendment. Radical Republicans demanded proof that Confederate nationalism was dead and that the slaves were truly free. They came to the fore after the 1866 elections and undid much of Johnson's work. In 1872 the \\\"Liberal Republicans\\\" argued that the war goals had\",\n \"title\": \"American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"666548\",\n \"text\": \"cultural significance. Under the leadership of women during the war, an increasingly formal practice of decorating graves had taken shape. In 1865, the federal government began creating national military cemeteries for the Union war dead. On May 1, 1865, in Charleston, South Carolina, recently freed African-Americans held a parade of 10,000 people to honor 257 dead Union Soldiers, whose remains they had reburied from a mass grave in a Confederate prison camp. Historian David W. Blight cites contemporary news reports of this incident in the \\\"Charleston Daily Courier\\\" and the \\\"New-York Tribune.\\\" Although Blight claimed that \\\"African Americans invented Memorial\",\n \"title\": \"Memorial Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8589739\",\n \"text\": \"the president but also Secretary of State William Seward, Vice President Andrew Johnson and General Ulysses Grant. The Union believed this an act of war orchestrated by the Confederate government in a desperate attempt to continue the war. Seen as an act of war the Union government would try those they felt responsible in a military trial rather than a civil trial. Spangler was questioned on April 15, 1865 and released. He was arrested on April 17 and booked as an accomplice to John Wilkes Booth. Within a month of the assassination eight individuals including Spangler had been apprehended and\",\n \"title\": \"Edmund Spangler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853428\",\n \"text\": \"has, in the narrator's words, \\\"something queer about it\\\". She and her husband move into an upstairs room that she assumes was once a nursery. Her husband chooses for them to sleep there due to its multitude of windows, which provide the air so needed in her recovery. In addition to the couple, John's sister Jennie is present; she serves as their housekeeper. Like most nurseries at the time the windows are barred, the wallpaper has been torn, and the floor is scratched. The narrator attributes all these to children, as most of the damage is isolated to their reach.\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12816880\",\n \"text\": \"the Union blockade, and one little girl, Sallie Brock Putnam, plotted the course Santa Claus would have to take to avoid it. Sometimes fathers on both sides were allowed furlough, and children were said to react to their fathers as if seeing \\\"near strangers\\\". Excuses for a lack of Santa included Yankees having shot him. Thomas Nast, who used his editorial cartoons to issue Union propaganda, made several illustrations reflecting the war. The one for Christmas Eve 1862, which ran in the January 1863 issue of Harper's Weekly shows a wife on one side praying though a window in one\",\n \"title\": \"Christmas in the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17722599\",\n \"text\": \"of $15 million. For the restoration, \\\"conservators separated the painting's 27 panels and cleaned each one inch by inch with cotton swabs, stabilized brittle areas and removed bad touchups and damaging glue.\\\" The painting, for the first time in decades, has been hung correctly so that it bows inward and gives audiences the feeling of 3-dimensionality. When the cyclorama was restored in 1962 a new visitor's center was commissioned to house the piece. Created by well renowned architect, Richard Neutra. Neurta's design was a part of the National Park's Services' Mission 66, which sought to update \\\"deteriorated and dangerous conditions\",\n \"title\": \"Commemoration of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7109078\",\n \"text\": \"John B. Cary requested their return, Butler refused the request. Because the practice effectively recognized the seceded states as foreign entities, President Abraham Lincoln disapproved of it. Gen. Butler did not pay the escaped slaves wages for work that they began to undertake, and he continued to refer to them as slaves. On September 25, 1861, the Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles issued a directive to give \\\"persons of color, commonly known as contrabands\\\", in the employment of the Union Navy pay at the rate of $10 per month and a full day's ration. Three weeks later, the Union\",\n \"title\": \"Contraband (American Civil War)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441504\",\n \"text\": \"1830s and 1840s, a period of rapid transformation of Northern society that inspired a social and political reformism. Many of the reformers of the period, including abolitionists, attempted in one way or another to transform the lifestyle and work habits of labor, helping workers respond to the new demands of an industrializing, capitalistic society. Antislavery, like many other reform movements of the period, was influenced by the legacy of the Second Great Awakening, a period of religious revival in the new country stressing the reform of individuals which was still relatively fresh in the American memory. Thus, while the reform\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2679119\",\n \"text\": \"building army hospitals in every state. The hygiene of the camps was poor, especially at the beginning of the war when men who had seldom been far from home were brought together for training with thousands of strangers. First came epidemics of the childhood diseases of chicken pox, mumps, whooping cough, and especially, measles. Operations in the South meant a dangerous and new disease environment, bringing diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria. There were no antibiotics, so the surgeons prescribed coffee, whiskey, and quinine. Harsh weather, bad water, inadequate shelter in winter quarters, poor policing of camps, and dirty camp\",\n \"title\": \"Union (American Civil War)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9244230\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Yellow Jack.\\\" \\\"Yellow Jack\\\" was presented on \\\"Philip Morris Playhouse\\\" September 5, 1941. Yellow Jack Yellow Jack refers to a 1934 play (see \\\"Yellow Jack\\\" (play) and a 1938 film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer of the same title. Both were co-written by Sidney Howard and Paul de Kruif (the former a Pulitzer- and Oscar-winning playwright and screenwriter; the latter a well-known microbiologist and author). The plot line follows the events of the well-known \\\"Walter Reed Boards,\\\" in which Major Walter Reed of the U.S. Army worked to diagnose and treat yellow fever (called “yellow jack”) in Cuba in 1898-1900. The U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow Jack\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16404097\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"First Georgia Blue\\\", a Civil War drama which he hoped to release as part of the sesquicentennial commemoration of the conflict. In 1976, Smith married Vicki Irene Greer. The idea of the yellow mailbox (seen in the film \\\"The Mailbox\\\" and the origin of the name Yellow Post Pictures) derived from the Greer family mailbox, which Vicki painted yellow and which was yellow while they were dating. The couple has 3 children. Smith is a graduate of Mercer University in Atlanta (BA in Religion, 1979), Master's International School of Divinity (MMin, 2012), and Regent University (MA in Cinema and television,\",\n \"title\": \"Gary T. Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"791658\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the Civil War, Lincoln declared, \\\"So this is the little lady who started this great war.\\\" The quote is apocryphal; it did not appear in print until 1896, and it has been argued that \\\"The long-term durability of Lincoln's greeting as an anecdote in literary studies and Stowe scholarship can perhaps be explained in part by the desire among many contemporary intellectuals ... to affirm the role of literature as an agent of social change.\\\" The book and the plays it inspired helped popularize a number of stereotypes about black people. These\",\n \"title\": \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"616782\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln, an opinion that is later echoed in the apocryphal story of Lincoln greeting Stowe with the quip \\\"So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war!\\\" (see American Civil War) Frederick Douglass praised the novel as \\\"a flash to light a million camp fires in front of the embattled hosts of slavery\\\". Despite Douglass's enthusiasm, an anonymous 1852 reviewer for William Lloyd Garrison's publication \\\"The Liberator\\\" suspected a racial double standard in the idealization of Uncle Tom: Uncle Tom's character is sketched with great power and rare religious perception. It triumphantly exemplifies the\",\n \"title\": \"Uncle Tom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"428661\",\n \"text\": \"Reconstruction\\\", which offered Southern states a chance to peacefully rejoin the Union if they abolished slavery and collected loyalty oaths from 10% of their voting population. Southern states did not readily accept the deal, and the status of slavery remained uncertain. In the final years of the Civil War, Union lawmakers debated various proposals for Reconstruction. Some of these called for a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery nationally and permanently. On December 14, 1863, a bill proposing such an amendment was introduced by Representative James Mitchell Ashley of Ohio. Representative James F. Wilson of Iowa soon followed with a similar\",\n \"title\": \"Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9232814\",\n \"text\": \"States Civil War and considered to be the first written recitation of the rules and articles of war, adhered to by all civilised nations, the precursor of international law. This led to the first prosecution for war crimes—in the case of United States prisoners of war held in cruel and depraved conditions at Andersonville, Georgia, in which the Confederate commandant of that camp was tried and hanged, the only Confederate soldier to be punished by death in the aftermath of the entire Civil War. In the years that followed, other states subscribed to limitations of their conduct, and numerous other\",\n \"title\": \"International law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9668622\",\n \"text\": \"council room), cemetery, and sacred shrines. Screenwriter Frank S. Nugent developed the concept for the film while writing the screenplay for \\\"She Wore a Yellow Ribbon\\\" in 1948. During research, Nugent consulted historians Dee Brown and Martin F. Schmitt, authors of \\\"Fighting Indians of the West\\\", for sources of information about the use of \\\"Galvanized Yankees\\\", and learned that Confederate plans to connect El Paso, Texas with California were formulated in late 1864. He submitted his story, \\\"The Yankee From Georgia\\\", to Metro Goldwyn Mayer but did not receive an offer. The project for Fox began with the working title,\",\n \"title\": \"Two Flags West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3951392\",\n \"text\": \"States, a German immigrant, Francis Lieber, drew up a code of conduct in 1863, which came to be known as the Lieber Code, for the Union Army during the American Civil War. The Lieber Code included the humane treatment of civilian populations in the areas of conflict, and also forbade the execution of POWs. At the same time, the involvement during the Crimean War of a number of such individuals as Florence Nightingale and Henry Dunant, a Genevese businessman who had worked with wounded soldiers at the Battle of Solferino, led to more systematic efforts to prevent the suffering of\",\n \"title\": \"International humanitarian law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10704615\",\n \"text\": \"defended himself by arguing that he was only following orders from the Duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold, to whom the Holy Roman Empire had given Breisach. In 1865, Henry Wirz, a Confederate officer, was held accountable and hanged for appalling conditions at Andersonville Prison where many Union soldiers died during the American Civil War. After World War I, a small number of German personnel were tried by a German court in the Leipzig War Crimes Trials for crimes allegedly committed during that war. Article 227 of the Treaty of Versailles, the peace treaty between Germany and the Allied Powers\",\n \"title\": \"War crimes trial\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4479\",\n \"text\": \"secession, all of which laid the blame squarely on the movement to abolish slavery and that movement's influence over the politics of the northern states. The southern states believed slaveholding was a constitutional right because of the Fugitive slave clause of the Constitution. These states agreed to form a new federal government, the Confederate States of America, on February 4, 1861. They took control of federal forts and other properties within their boundaries with little resistance from outgoing President James Buchanan, whose term ended on March 4, 1861. Buchanan said that the Dred Scott decision was proof that the South\",\n \"title\": \"American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3819507\",\n \"text\": \"in her book \\\"On Being Ill\\\". Charlotte Perkins Gilman's protagonist in \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" also suffers under the auspices of rest cure doctors, much as Gilman herself did. Marcel Proust was said to suffer from neurasthenia. To capitalize on this epidemic, the Rexall drug company introduced a medication called 'Americanitis Elixir' which claimed to be a soother for any bouts related to Neurasthenia. Beard, with his partner A.D. Rockwell, advocated first electrotherapy and then increasingly experimental treatments for people with neurasthenia, a position that was controversial. An 1868 review posited that Beard's and Rockwell's knowledge of the scientific method was\",\n \"title\": \"Neurasthenia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2679121\",\n \"text\": \"the Army (WCAR), founded in 1861 by Henry Whitney Bellows, a Unitarian minister, and the social reformer Dorothea Dix. Systematic funding appeals raised public consciousness as well as millions of dollars. Many thousands of volunteers worked in the hospitals and rest homes, most famously poet Walt Whitman. Frederick Law Olmsted, a famous landscape architect, was the highly efficient executive director of the Sanitary Commission. States could use their own tax money to support their troops, as Ohio did. Under the energetic leadership of Governor David Tod, a War Democrat who won office on a coalition \\\"Union Party\\\" ticket with Republicans,\",\n \"title\": \"Union (American Civil War)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4460\",\n \"text\": \"white men aged 18–40. The causes of secession were complex and have been controversial since the war began, but most academic scholars identify slavery as a central cause of the war. James C. Bradford wrote that the issue has been further complicated by historical revisionists, who have tried to offer a variety of reasons for the war. Slavery was the central source of escalating political tension in the 1850s. The Republican Party was determined to prevent any spread of slavery, and many Southern leaders had threatened secession if the Republican candidate, Lincoln, won the 1860 election. After Lincoln won, many\",\n \"title\": \"American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17722582\",\n \"text\": \"29th Texas Cavalry and shot to death while undergoing treatment at battlefield aid stations, presumably in retaliation for battlefield actions \\\"by Negroes against our Confederate troops.\\\" Podcast reader Mark K. Christ, a member of the Arkansas Preservation Board, comments: \\\"This War became one of extermination.\\\" The State of Georgia's National Park Service (NPS) linked site offers a resource for examining and understanding the African American experience in the United States. The NPS selects \\\"From the Civil War to Civil Rights\\\" as the Sesquicentennial theme. The intent is to be more inclusive in nature than what has gone before in the\",\n \"title\": \"Commemoration of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"465288\",\n \"text\": \"of the 19th century did not expect, or necessarily want, his stories to be pure nonfiction. Historian Michael Robertson has said that \\\"Newspaper reporters and readers of the 1890s were much less concerned with distinguishing among fact-based reporting, opinion and literature.\\\" Pulitzer, though lacking Hearst's resources, kept the story on his front page. The yellow press covered the revolution extensively and often inaccurately, but conditions on Cuba were horrific enough. The island was in a terrible economic depression, and Spanish general Valeriano Weyler, sent to crush the rebellion, herded Cuban peasants into concentration camps, leading hundreds of Cubans to their\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow journalism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15121906\",\n \"text\": \"not united against slavery, and many Union troops desired that the United States, win or lose, be a white man's country. However, it was clear to all that Lincoln's party, the Republican Party, was in favor of eventual if not immediate emancipation. While most historians agree that the war erupted over a debate about slavery, the role of slavery in the motivation of soldiers had been the subject of widespread debate. J. Tracy Power in \\\"Lee's Miserables\\\" and Stephen Berry in \\\"All That Makes a Man\\\" argued that Confederate soldiers did not think much about slavery. Others such as Chandra\",\n \"title\": \"Slavery during the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11103271\",\n \"text\": \"and later secession. The most controversial right claimed by Southern states was the alleged right of Southerners to spread slavery into territories owned by the United States. Under Lincoln's leadership, the war was fought to preserve the Union. With slavery so deeply divisive, Union leaders by 1862 reached the decision that slavery had to end in order for the Union to be restored. Union war evolved as the war progressed in response to political and military issues, and historians do not use them to explain the causes of the war. The key new issues were the elimination of slavery and\",\n \"title\": \"Issues of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441595\",\n \"text\": \"central among historians in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. Revisionist historians, led by James G. Randall (1881–1953) at the University of Illinois and Avery Craven (1885–1980) at the University of Chicago, saw in the social and economic systems of the South no differences so fundamental as to require a war. Historian Mark Neely explains their position: Revisionism challenged the view that fundamental and irreconcilable sectional differences made the outbreak of war inevitable. It scorned a previous generation's easy identification of the Northern cause with abolition, but it continued a tradition of hostility to the Reconstruction measures that followed the war.\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441478\",\n \"text\": \"international trade in the North. Searching for Biblical passages endorsing slavery and forming economic, sociological, historical and scientific arguments, slavery went from being a \\\"necessary evil\\\" to a \\\"positive good\\\". Dr. John H. Van Evrie's book \\\"Negroes and Negro slavery: The First an Inferior Race: The Latter Its Normal Condition\\\"—setting out the arguments the title would suggest—was an attempt to apply scientific support to the Southern arguments in favor of race-based slavery. Latent sectional divisions suddenly activated derogatory sectional imagery which emerged into sectional ideologies. As industrial capitalism gained momentum in the North, Southern writers emphasized whatever aristocratic traits they\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4463\",\n \"text\": \"Historian Thomas Fleming points to the historical phrase \\\"a disease in the public mind\\\" used by critics of this idea, and proposes it contributed to the segregation in the Jim Crow era following emancipation. These fears were exacerbated by the recent attempts of John Brown to instigate an armed slave rebellion in the South. Slavery was illegal in much of the North, having been outlawed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was also fading in the border states and in Southern cities, but it was expanding in the highly profitable cotton districts of the rural South and\",\n \"title\": \"American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10133716\",\n \"text\": \"today is her semi-autobiographical short story \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" which she wrote after a severe bout of postpartum psychosis. The following is a brief family tree of the Beecher family, and its many notable members : Beecher family Originating in New England, one particular Beecher family in the 19th century was a political family notable for issues of religion, civil rights, and social reform. Notable members of the family include clergy (Congregationalists), educators, authors and artists. Many of the family were Yale-educated and advocated for abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights. Some of the family provided material or ideological support to\",\n \"title\": \"Beecher family\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4474\",\n \"text\": \"C. Vann Woodward said of the latter group, Perceived insults to Southern collective honor included the enormous popularity of \\\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\\\" (1852) and the actions of abolitionist John Brown in trying to incite a slave rebellion in 1859. While the South moved towards a Southern nationalism, leaders in the North were also becoming more nationally minded, and they rejected any notion of splitting the Union. The Republican national electoral platform of 1860 warned that Republicans regarded disunion as treason and would not tolerate it: \\\"We denounce those threats of disunion ... as denying the vital principles of a free\",\n \"title\": \"American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4931820\",\n \"text\": \"of Northern Aggression\\\" has been used to indicate the Union side as the belligerent party in the war. Though sometimes used only jokingly today, the name arose in the 1950s during the Jim Crow era, when it was coined by segregationists who tried to equate contemporary efforts to end segregation with 19th century efforts to abolish slavery. This name has been criticized by historians such as James M. McPherson, as the Confederacy \\\"took the initiative by seceding in defiance of an election of a president by a constitutional majority\\\", and as \\\"the Confederacy started the war by firing on the\",\n \"title\": \"Names of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2679143\",\n \"text\": \"for Freedmen and moving into Southern cities even to the point of taking control, with Army help, of buildings that had belonged to the southern branch of the church. The Methodist family magazine \\\"Ladies' Repository\\\" promoted Christian family activism. Its articles provided moral uplift to women and children. It portrayed the War as a great moral crusade against a decadent Southern civilization corrupted by slavery. It recommended activities that family members could perform in order to aid the Union cause. Historian Stephen M. Frank reports that what it meant to be a father varied with status and age. He says\",\n \"title\": \"Union (American Civil War)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12629258\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Henry Newell Robert Henry Newell (December 13, 1836 – July 1901) was a popular 19th century American humorist. During the U.S. Civil War, Newell wrote a series of satirical articles using the pseudonym Orpheus C. Kerr, commenting on the war and contemporary society. His articles appeared weekly in the New York \\\"Sunday Mercury\\\", where he was the literary editor until 1862, and were published in a series of books. Among other newspapers he worked at, from 1869–74 he wrote for the \\\"New York World\\\". From ~1862–65, he was married to famous actress Adah Isaacs Menken. The name \\\"Orpheus C.\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Henry Newell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4386252\",\n \"text\": \"its first report was published in 1863. The committee's first report was issued in three parts. Part 1 covered the Army of the Potomac. Part 2 covered the Union's 1861 Eastern Theater losses at First Bull Run and at Ball's Bluff. Part 3 covered the war's Western Theater. The 1864 report had two parts. The first presented reports and testimony taken involving the alleged Confederate mistreatment of United States Colored Troops soldiers after their surrender at Fort Pillow. The second part related to the condition of returned Union soldiers after their imprisonment in Confederate prisoner-of-war camps. The 1865 report was\",\n \"title\": \"United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3275459\",\n \"text\": \"Anthony Comstock Anthony Comstock (March 7, 1844 – September 21, 1915) was a United States Postal Inspector and politician dedicated to ideas of Victorian morality. The terms \\\"comstockery\\\" and \\\"comstockism\\\" were used for his extensive campaign to censor materials he considered indecent and obscene, such as birth control information. Comstock was born in New Canaan, Connecticut, the son of Polly Ann (Lockwood) and Thomas Anthony Comstock. As a young man, he enlisted and fought for the Union in the American Civil War from 1863 to 1865 in Company H, 17th Connecticut Infantry. He served without incident, but objected to the\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Comstock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441508\",\n \"text\": \"Abolitionists also attacked slavery as a threat to the freedom of white Americans. Defining freedom as more than a simple lack of restraint, antebellum reformers held that the truly free man was one who imposed restraints upon himself. Thus, for the anti-slavery reformers of the 1830s and 1840s, the promise of free labor and upward social mobility (opportunities for advancement, rights to own property, and to control one's own labor), was central to the ideal of reforming individuals. Controversy over the so-called Ostend Manifesto (which proposed the U.S. annexation of Cuba as a slave state) and the Fugitive Slave Act\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441475\",\n \"text\": \"them was slavery, where it existed and where it did not, for by 1804 it had virtually ceased to exist north of Maryland. Slavery demarked not just their labor and economic situations, but power itself in the new republic.\\\" With the outcry over developments in Kansas strong in the North, defenders of slavery—increasingly committed to a way of life that abolitionists and their sympathizers considered obsolete or immoral—articulated a militant pro-slavery ideology that would lay the groundwork for secession upon the election of a Republican president. Southerners waged a vitriolic response to political change in the North. Slaveholding interests sought\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20064520\",\n \"text\": \"War Office Selection Boards War Office Selection Boards, or WOSBs, were a scheme devised by British Army psychiatrists during World War II to select potential officers for the British Army. They replaced an earlier method, the Command Interview Board, and were the precursors to today's Army Officer Selection Boards. The WOSBs were also later adapted to civilian purposes such as selecting civil servants and firemen. Following British defeats and German successes with Blitzkrieg in the early months of World War II, Members of Parliament and the British media expressed concerns with how the British Army was being led. There was\",\n \"title\": \"War Office Selection Boards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7109074\",\n \"text\": \"Contraband (American Civil War) Contraband was a term commonly used in the United States military during the American Civil War to describe a new status for certain escaped slaves or those who affiliated with Union forces. The Army (and the United States Congress) determined that the US would not return escaped slaves who went to Union lines and classified them as contraband. They used many as laborers to support Union efforts and soon began to pay them wages. The former slaves set up camps near Union forces, and the Army helped support and educate both adults and children among the\",\n \"title\": \"Contraband (American Civil War)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11579152\",\n \"text\": \"so his proposal veered too close to abolition for the pro-slavery Confederacy. The other officers in the Army of Tennessee disapproved of the proposal. A. P. Stewart said that emancipating slaves for military use was \\\"at war with my social, moral, and political principles\\\", while James Patton Anderson called the proposal \\\"revolting to Southern sentiment, Southern pride, and Southern honor.\\\" It was sent to Confederate President Jefferson Davis anyway, who refused to consider Cleburne's proposal and ordered the report kept private as discussion of it could only produce \\\"discouragement, distraction, and dissension.\\\" Military adviser to Davis General Braxton Bragg considered\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20095246\",\n \"text\": \"James Chaplin Beecher James Chaplin Beecher, (January 8, 1828 – August 25, 1886), was an American Congregationalist minister and Colonel for the Union Army during the American Civil War. He came from the Beecher family, a prominent 19th century American religious family. James Chaplin Beecher was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and the youngest child of Lyman Beecher and Harriet Porter Beecher. Lyman was a Presbyterian minister who became best known as a revivalist and social reformer in the years before the American Civil War. His noted half-siblings include; Harriet Beecher Stowe, famed abolitionist and author of the novel Uncle Tom’s\",\n \"title\": \"James Chaplin Beecher\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441533\",\n \"text\": \"of power. Intertwined with religious, ethnic, regional, and class identities, the issues of free labor and free soil were thus easy to play on. Events during the next two years in \\\"Bleeding Kansas\\\" sustained the popular fervor originally aroused among some elements in the North by the Kansas–Nebraska Act. Free-State settlers from the North were encouraged by press and pulpit and the powerful organs of abolitionist propaganda. Often they received financial help from such organizations as the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company. Those from the South often received financial contributions from the communities they left. Southerners sought to uphold their constitutional\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13655500\",\n \"text\": \"Douglas the camel Douglas The Camel, or “Old Douglas,” was a domesticated camel used by Company A of the 43rd Mississippi Infantry, part of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Because of Old Douglas, the 43rd Mississippi Infantry came to be known as the Camel Regiment, Douglas was originally part of a U.S. War Department program called the Texas Camel Experiment, which aimed to experiment with camels as a possible alternative to horses and mules, which were dying of dehydration in vast numbers. Jefferson Davis, who had ascended to the position of United States Secretary of War in\",\n \"title\": \"Douglas the camel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2547190\",\n \"text\": \"association with peas and good luck dates back to the American Civil War. The first is associated with General William T. Sherman’s march of the Union Army to the sea, during which they pillaged the Confederates' food supplies. Stories say peas and salted pork were said to have been left untouched, because of the belief that they were animal food unfit for human consumption. Southerners considered themselves lucky to be left with some supplies to help them survive the winter, and black-eyed peas evolved into a representation of good luck. One challenge to this legend is that General Sherman brought\",\n \"title\": \"Black-eyed pea\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2342116\",\n \"text\": \"famous and obscure. The series' slow zooming and panning across still images was later termed the \\\"Ken Burns effect\\\". Burns combined these images with modern cinematography, music, narration by David McCullough, anecdotes and insights from authors such as Shelby Foote, historians Barbara J. Fields, Ed Bearss, and Stephen B. Oates; and actors reading contemporary quotes from historical figures such as Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Walt Whitman, Stonewall Jackson, and Frederick Douglass, as well as diaries by Mary Chesnut, Sam Watkins, Elisha Hunt Rhodes and George Templeton Strong. A large cast of actors voiced correspondence, memoirs, news\",\n \"title\": \"The Civil War (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4514\",\n \"text\": \"serious postwar disputes. However, public opinion against slavery created a political liability for politicians in Britain, where the antislavery movement was powerful. War loomed in late 1861 between the U.S. and Britain over the \\\"Trent\\\" affair, involving the U.S. Navy's boarding of the British ship and seizure of two Confederate diplomats. However, London and Washington were able to smooth over the problem after Lincoln released the two. In 1862, the British considered mediation between North and South, though even such an offer would have risked war with the U.S. British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston reportedly read \\\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\\\" three\",\n \"title\": \"American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2441454\",\n \"text\": \"to slavery. The Jeffersonian coalition that united southern planters and northern farmers, mechanics and artisans in opposition to the threat presented by the Federalist Party had started to dissolve after the War of 1812. It was not until the Missouri crisis that Americans became aware of the political possibilities of a sectional attack on slavery, and it was not until the mass politics of Andrew Jackson's administration that this type of organization around this issue became practical. The American System, advocated by Henry Clay in Congress and supported by many nationalist supporters of the War of 1812 such as John\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2679109\",\n \"text\": \"River, as well as some urban ethnic wards. Some historians have argued that it represented a traditionalistic element alarmed at the rapid modernization of society sponsored by the Republican Party. It looked back to Jacksonian Democracy for inspiration – with ideals that promoted an agrarian rather than industrialized concept of society. Weber (2006) argues that the Copperheads damaged the Union war effort by fighting the draft, encouraging desertion and forming conspiracies. However, other historians say the Copperheads were a legitimate opposition force unfairly treated by the government, adding that the draft was in disrepute and that the Republicans greatly exaggerated\",\n \"title\": \"Union (American Civil War)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7331259\",\n \"text\": \"fixtures of the American economy, and urged negotiation and concord. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, the National War Labor Board formed by President Woodrow Wilson asked the NICB to formulate plans that would keep war industries running and strife-free. Its recommendations—based on cooperation between representatives of employers, employees, and government—were adopted in full. During and after the war, the NCIB conducted pioneering research into workers' compensation laws and the eight-hour workday, and established the U.S. Cost of Living Index. Though often mistrusted in its early years as an “employers union” funding studies against the labor\",\n \"title\": \"The Conference Board\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11579153\",\n \"text\": \"the proposal outright treasonous to the Confederacy. The growing setbacks for the Confederacy in late 1864 caused a number of prominent officials to reconsider their earlier stance, however. President Lincoln's re-election in November 1864 seemed to seal the best political chance for victory the South had. President Davis, Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin, and General Robert E. Lee now were willing to consider modified versions of Cleburne's original proposal. On November 7, 1864, in his annual address to Congress, Davis hinted at arming slaves. Despite the suppression of Cleburne's idea, the question of enlisting slaves into the army had\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"465287\",\n \"text\": \"Creelman wrote an anecdote in his memoir that artist Frederic Remington telegrammed Hearst to tell him all was quiet in Cuba and \\\"There will be no war.\\\" Creelman claimed Hearst responded \\\"Please remain. You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war.\\\" Hearst denied the veracity of the story, and no one has found any evidence of the telegrams existing. Historian Emily Erickson states: Hearst became a war hawk after a rebellion broke out in Cuba in 1895. Stories of Cuban virtue and Spanish brutality soon dominated his front page. While the accounts were of dubious accuracy, the newspaper readers\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow journalism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853447\",\n \"text\": \"a ghost story. Worse yet, it may not.\\\" Pioneering horror author H. P. Lovecraft writes in his essay \\\"Supernatural Horror in Literature\\\" (1927) that \\\"'The Yellow Wall Paper' rises to a classic level in subtly delineating the madness which crawls over a woman dwelling in the hideously papered room where a madwoman was once confined.\\\" Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, in her book \\\"Wild Unrest: Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Making of \\\"The Yellow Wall-Paper\\\"\\\", concludes that \\\"the story was a cri de coeur against [Gilman's first husband, artist Charles Walter] Stetson and the traditional marriage he had demanded.\\\" Gilman was attempting\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"465276\",\n \"text\": \"self-promotion. The term was extensively used to describe certain major New York City newspapers around 1900 as they battled for circulation. Frank Luther Mott identifies yellow journalism based on five characteristics: The term was coined in the mid-1890s to characterize the sensational journalism that used some yellow ink in the circulation war between Joseph Pulitzer's \\\"New York World\\\" and William Randolph Hearst's \\\"New York Journal\\\". The battle peaked from 1895 to about 1898, and historical usage often refers specifically to this period. Both papers were accused by critics of sensationalizing the news in order to drive up circulation, although the\",\n \"title\": \"Yellow journalism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3853438\",\n \"text\": \"him. This is interpreted as a victory over her husband, at the expense of her sanity. In her article \\\"Feminist Criticism ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’, and the Politics of Color in America\\\", Susan S. Lanser, a professor at Brandeis University, praises contemporary feminism and its role in changing the study and the interpretation of literature. \\\"The Yellow Wallpaper\\\" was one of many stories that lost authority in the literary world because of an ideology that determined the works' content to be disturbing or offensive. Critics such as the editor of the \\\"Atlantic Monthly\\\" rejected the short story because \\\"[he] could not\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Wallpaper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6423304\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Appetite for Destruction\\\" world tour. Axl wrote lyrics and it was worked into a proper song at a sound check in Melbourne, Australia. On September 27, 1993, Duff McKagan explained where the song came from in an interview on \\\"Rockline\\\": Basically it was a riff that we would do at sound-checks. Axl came up with a couple of lines at the beginning. And... I went in a peace march, when I was a little kid, with my mom. I was like four years old. For Martin Luther King. And that's when: \\\"Did you wear the black arm band when they\",\n \"title\": \"Civil War (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1951228\",\n \"text\": \"native Robert Newton's portrayal of Stevenson's Long John Silver in film. The concept of \\\"walking the plank\\\" was popularised by Barrie's \\\"Peter Pan\\\", where Captain Hook's pirates helped define the archetype. Davy Jones' Locker, where sailors or ships' remains are consigned to the bottom of the sea, is first recorded by Daniel Defoe in 1726. Johnson's 1724 book gave a mythical status to famous English pirates such as Blackbeard and Calico Jack—Jack's Jolly Roger flag design features a skull with crossed swords. The Gremlin is part of Royal Air Force folklore dating from the 1920s, with \\\"gremlin\\\" being RAF slang\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5605271\",\n \"text\": \"Civil War; upon taking command of the Army of Tennessee in July 1864, General John Bell Hood introduced it as a marching song. The final verse and chorus were slightly altered by the remains of Hood's force after their crushing defeat at the Battle of Nashville that December: The modified lyrics reference famous Confederate military commanders Joseph Johnston, P. G. T. Beauregard, and Robert E. Lee. Texan veterans sang it openly to mock Hood's mishandling of their Nashville campaign. In this version of the chorus, \\\"soldier\\\" replaced \\\"darkey.\\\" The same substitution is made throughout the song. In 1984, country music\",\n \"title\": \"The Yellow Rose of Texas (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13390057\",\n \"text\": \"home were brought together for training with thousands of strangers. First came epidemics of the childhood diseases of chicken pox, mumps, whooping cough, and, especially, measles. Operations in the South meant a dangerous and new disease environment, bringing diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria. There were no antibiotics, so the surgeons prescribed coffee, whiskey, and quinine. Harsh weather, bad water, inadequate shelter in winter quarters, poor policing of camps and dirty camp hospitals took their toll. This was a common scenario in wars from time immemorial, and conditions faced by the Confederate army were even worse. When the war began,\",\n \"title\": \"Medicine in the American Civil War\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"the story idea for the yellow wallpaper was based on a civil war treatment called"}}},{"rowIdx":96,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["May 28, 2018"],"string":"[\n \"May 28, 2018\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"19312254","text":"Six (TV series) Six (stylized as SIX) is an American television drama series. The series was ordered by the History channel with an eight-episode initial order. The first two episodes were directed by Lesli Linka Glatter. \"Six\" premiered on January 18, 2017. \"Six\" was renewed for a second season of 10 episodes on February 23, 2017, which premiered on May 28, 2018, with the second new episode airing during its regular timeslot on May 30, 2018. On June 29, History announced they had cancelled the series after two seasons. The series chronicles the operations and daily lives of operators who","title":"Six (TV series)"},{"id":"19312256","text":"re-shot. Also Christopher Backus had been cast, but left the project to be on the series \"Roadies\" before the series started shooting. Season two, which consists of 10 episodes, is being produced by a new production company, Six 2 North Productions Inc. Kimberly Peirce and Colin Bucksey are directors, with George Perkins the executive producer. Season two began filming on July 17, 2017, in Metro Vancouver, around Pemberton, and throughout British Columbia, and will complete filming on November 23, 2017. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 62% based on 13 reviews, with","title":"Six (TV series)"},{"id":"17014831","text":"the series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on","title":"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)"},{"id":"19312257","text":"an average rating of 6.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Six's\" well-crafted action and engaging characters are intriguing in spite of the show's trite premise and familiar narrative.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 54 out of 100 based on 14 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Six (TV series) Six (stylized as SIX) is an American television drama series. The series was ordered by the History channel with an eight-episode initial order. The first two episodes were directed by Lesli Linka Glatter. \"Six\" premiered on January 18, 2017. \"Six\" was renewed for a second season","title":"Six (TV series)"},{"id":"19312255","text":"are part of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group (DEVGRU), more commonly known as SEAL Team Six, which is one of the U.S. Armed Forces' primary counter-terrorism units. The History Channel aired an hour-long special entitled \"Mission Debrief\" on May 23, 2018, as a recap of season 1. Joe Manganiello was originally cast as Rip Taggart but left the series in April 2016 \"due to a 'manageable' preexisting health issue\". About a week after Manganiello's departure, Walton Goggins was cast as his replacement. All of the already done shoots with Manganiello's character, nearly two full episodes, had to be","title":"Six (TV series)"},{"id":"19377323","text":"20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \"Kim Possible\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014","title":"Big Hero 6: The Series"},{"id":"20327546","text":"the fifth season finale, Marshall Herskovitz confirmed that actor Jeffrey Nordling would return as Jessie Caine's ex-husband Brad and that the new season would see the introduction of two new characters. Filming began on September 27, 2017. Five new major recurring cast members were announced in November 2017. On November 17, 2017, it was confirmed that it would be the series's final season. The sixth season premiere was available on Hulu in the evening hours of December 19, 2017, and removed 24 hours later. Episodes aired an hour and two hours later on the Paramount Network and TV Land, following","title":"Nashville (season 6)"},{"id":"6900074","text":"was brought back and aired as the penultimate episode of the season with the finale, a best of episode, being aired on 19 March 2017. On 24 April 2018, Johar confirmed season 6 to be out in 2018 breaking the usual trend of a season every three years. On 18 August, Johar tweeted that the season premiere will air on 21 October 2018. On 21 October, the sixth season premiered with Deepika Padukone and Alia Bhatt as guests. In the third episode, Johar competed against guest Aamir Khan in the rapid fire round, while Malaika Arora appeared as a guest","title":"Koffee with Karan"},{"id":"19539167","text":"1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.","title":"Ejen Ali"},{"id":"20153045","text":"Chicago Fire (season 6) The sixth season of \"Chicago Fire\", an American drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas and Matt Olmstead, was ordered on May 10, 2017, by NBC. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 with a timeslot change from Tuesday at 10:00 p.m. to Thursday at 10:00 p.m. The season contained twenty-three episodes and concluded on May 10, 2018. The show follows the lives of the firefighters and paramedics working at the Chicago Fire Department at the firehouse of Engine 51, Truck 81, Squad 3, Ambulance 61 and Battalion 25. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude>","title":"Chicago Fire (season 6)"},{"id":"17144335","text":"would return for a fifth season, which premiered on May 26, 2017. The series has been renewed for a sixth season of 26 episodes which premiered in Canada on September 29, 2018. The series premiere of \"The Next Step\" set ratings records for Family, with at least 574,000 viewers on its initial broadcast—which set a record for Family's highest-rated original series premiere. On January 8, 2014, BBC Worldwide licensed the series to several international broadcasters, including ABC Me in Australia, Hulu in the United States, and CBBC in the United Kingdom. In Canada, the show also airs on Vrak in","title":"The Next Step (2013 TV series)"},{"id":"19568660","text":"The Voice UK (series 6) The Voice UK is a British television music competition to find new singing talent. The sixth series began airing on 7 January 2017, with Emma Willis hosting the main show, and Cel Spellman presenting online spin-off show \"The V Room\". It is the first series to air on ITV since its move from BBC One. will.i.am returned for his sixth series as a coach, Sir Tom Jones also returned to the show after a series hiatus, replacing Paloma Faith, and Jennifer Hudson and Gavin Rossdale joined as new coaches on the show, replacing Boy George","title":"The Voice UK (series 6)"},{"id":"10345343","text":"to be antagonistic to him in the season 5 finale. L. Scott Caldwell and Sam Anderson reprised their roles as Rose and Bernard respectively, as does Kimberley Joseph who plays 815 stewardess-turned-Other Cindy. Also, Academy Award-winner Fisher Stevens returns as communications officer George Minkowski from the first few episodes of the fourth season in the eleventh episode. Kevin Tighe returns as Anthony Cooper, Locke's father. Also, minor characters such as Lynn Karnoff (Suzanne Krull) and Dr. Douglas Brooks (Bruce Davison) return. Several new recurring characters were introduced in the sixth season. \"Deadwood\" actor John Hawkes was cast to portray a","title":"Lost (season 6)"},{"id":"20153046","text":"Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead. Chicago Fire (season 6) The sixth season of \"Chicago Fire\", an American drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas and Matt Olmstead, was ordered on May 10, 2017, by NBC. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 with a timeslot change from Tuesday at 10:00 p.m. to Thursday at 10:00 p.m. The season contained twenty-three episodes and concluded on May 10, 2018. The show follows the lives of the firefighters and paramedics working at the Chicago Fire Department at the firehouse","title":"Chicago Fire (season 6)"},{"id":"15451024","text":"on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The eighth season premiered on September 12, 2018 and concluded on November","title":"American Horror Story"},{"id":"19539166","text":"They planned to develop this series at least until 5 seasons, then the films will follow. The first episode was broadcast on April 8, 2016, with the second and third episodes shown on April 15 and April 22 respectively. It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3. Fourth, fifth and sixth episodes shown on July 22, July 29, and August 5 respectively. Seventh to ninth episodes are shown on October 28, 2016 for three consecutive weeks. Tenth to twelfth episodes are shown on December 30, 2016, January 6 and January 13, 2017. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season","title":"Ejen Ali"},{"id":"20302491","text":"Show Me the Money 6 The sixth season of \"Show Me the Money\" premiered on June 30, 2017 and ended on September 1, 2017, aired every Friday at 23:00 KST on Mnet. The season features judges Choiza and Gaeko of Dynamic Duo, H1GHR MUSIC’s Jay Park of AOMG and Dok2 of Illionaire Records, Tiger JK and Bizzy of Feel GHood Music, and Zico and Dean of FANXYCHILD. Over 12,000 contestants auditioned this season with a mix of returning contestants, veteran rappers, and upcoming rappers participating in the competition. Similarly to previous seasons, open auditions were held, in Seoul, Los Angeles,","title":"Show Me the Money 6"},{"id":"20302494","text":"to win this season. Top 16 Top 14 Top 10 Top 6 Top 3: Finalists: Winner: Show Me the Money 6 The sixth season of \"Show Me the Money\" premiered on June 30, 2017 and ended on September 1, 2017, aired every Friday at 23:00 KST on Mnet. The season features judges Choiza and Gaeko of Dynamic Duo, H1GHR MUSIC’s Jay Park of AOMG and Dok2 of Illionaire Records, Tiger JK and Bizzy of Feel GHood Music, and Zico and Dean of FANXYCHILD. Over 12,000 contestants auditioned this season with a mix of returning contestants, veteran rappers, and upcoming rappers","title":"Show Me the Money 6"},{"id":"16353428","text":"premiere. On March 25, 2016, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on October 2, 2016. On May 13, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a sixth season. On November 29, 2017, CBS ordered an additional eight episodes bringing the sixth season total up to 21. It premiered on April 30, 2018. On May 12, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a seventh season. On December 17, 2018, it was announced that the series would conclude after the upcoming seventh season. Following his fall from grace in London and a stint in rehab, a modern Sherlock Holmes","title":"Elementary (TV series)"},{"id":"1571218","text":"third season premiered on Netflix on August 4, 2017, and consisted of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes.[5] The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. The 7th season premiered August 10th 2018 and consists of 13 episodes. The 8th and final season is set to release on December 14th, 2018 and will consist of 13 episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. In Australia, DVDs","title":"Voltron"},{"id":"19377321","text":"suggested an early 2018 release date. In March 2016, it was revealed that Jamie Chung would reprise her role as Go Go, and that following November, it was revealed that most of the cast members from the film would reprise their roles, including Ryan Potter, Genesis Rodriguez, Scott Adsit, Alan Tudyk, and Maya Rudolph. Additionally, Khary Payton replaced Damon Wayans Jr. as Wasabi and Brooks Wheelan replaced T. J. Miller as Fred. On January 6, 2017, Disney Channel released an official teaser trailer for the series. On March 14, 2017, it was renewed for a second season, ahead of the","title":"Big Hero 6: The Series"},{"id":"14419604","text":"Hollywood Story special titled \"Life After Reality\" where she discussed her life now that Jerseylicious has ended. Season 6 was not released on television after Style Network went off the air. On June 18, 2017 Season 6 was made available on E! On Demand in the US. The series' premiere episode gained 300,000 total viewers and posted a 0.42 rating within the women 18-to-34 demographic. The season two finale rose to 925,000 viewers, the most-watched season-ender to-date of any series on the Style Network. The third season debut episode averaged 665,000 viewers. Season 4 premiered with a total of 668,000","title":"Jerseylicious"},{"id":"16420454","text":"Sony Six Sony SIX is an Indian sports channel owned and operated by Sony Pictures Networks, which also owns Sony Entertainment Television and SET Max. The channel is aimed at the youth segment. It was launched on 7 April 2012 and is the 14th sports channel in India. It also broadcasts original programmes like NBA Slam. It broadcasts football, cricket, professional wrestling, mixed martial arts, rugby union, basketball and badminton. Sony Six has the broadcasting rights for FIFA World Cup, Caribbean Premier League, Copa América, The FA Cup, Italian Serie A, La Liga, The Rugby Championship, Aviva Premiership, Top 14,","title":"Sony Six"},{"id":"19125144","text":"through November 12. The second chapter began streaming in January 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel Space before being streamed on Crave; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z. Subsequent episodes will be released through Space, Z, and Crave, with Space airing each episode 30 minutes before it's streamed on All Access. In the other countries, Netflix will","title":"Star Trek: Discovery"},{"id":"19568668","text":"On\") This episode aired from 7.45pm until 9.00pm. Musical guest: Jennifer Hudson (\"Remember Me\") This episode aired from 8.30 until 9.45pm. Musical guest: Bush ('Mad Love') This episode aired from 7.45pm until 9.00pm. Musical guest: will.i.am (\"FIYAH\") The first live show was broadcast on 18 March 2017, with the second on 25 March, and the third and final live shows aired on 1 and 2 April 2017. This episode aired from 8.30pm to 10.30pm. This episode aired from 8.30pm to 10:30pm. This marks the first time a female coach had more than one artist in the finale, as Jamie Miller","title":"The Voice UK (series 6)"},{"id":"15310994","text":"portrayed Valerie Solanas, the real-life radical feminist and \"SCUM Manifesto\" author who attempted to murder Andy Warhol in the late 1960s, in \".\" \"Girls\" sixth and final season concluded on April 16, 2017, culminating in a total of 62 episodes. Since 2016, Dunham has been working on a second book that will be published by Random House. In February 2018, A Casual Romance Productions announced that it would be producing \"Camping\", a remake of the British comedy series of the same name for HBO, with Jennifer Garner in the lead and Dunham and Konner as showrunners and writers. On July","title":"Lena Dunham"},{"id":"16373568","text":"\"Million Dollar Listing New York\" was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on April 15, 2015. The same year, the show was nominated for another Emmy award in the same category. The fifth season of the series premiered on April 21, 2016. In July 2016, Ortiz announced his departure from the show. On October 27, 2016, the show was renewed for a sixth season. In April 2018, the show was renewed for a seventh season. Internationally, the series premiered in Australia on September 25, 2016 on Arena. In the United Kingdom the series is shown on Sky Living and","title":"Million Dollar Listing New York"},{"id":"19578358","text":"The Americans (season 6) The sixth and final season of the American television drama series \"The Americans\", comprising 10 episodes, premiered on FX on March 28, 2018, The final season was announced in May 2016, when the series received a two-season renewal to conclude the series.<ref name=\"5/6Renew\"></ref> The series moved back to its original time slot, Wednesdays at 10:00pm, after airing on Tuesdays the previous season. The events of the sixth season begin in late September 1987, three years after the conclusion of season five. The work of American artist Alyssa Monks was used as the artwork of Miriam Shor's","title":"The Americans (season 6)"},{"id":"5789134","text":"2017 on MTV. The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV. The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018. The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV. The 13th season had filmed in Atlanta from October 29 to November 11, 2018 and will air sometime in 2019 on MTV. Wild 'n Out Nick Cannon Presents:","title":"Wild 'n Out"},{"id":"20327547","text":"the initial airing on CMT. TVLand discontinued reruns of the series after episode five, but returned for the second half of the season. The season, like season five, was aired in two parts with the final eight episodes airing in the summer. The final eight episodes returned on June 7 and the season wrapped on July 26, 2018. The season wrap party was held on April 7, 2018. Filming wrapped on the finale three days later. The series received $5.7million in tax incentives from the state of Tennessee, the lowest of all seasons. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Nashville (season 6) The sixth and","title":"Nashville (season 6)"},{"id":"20076926","text":"VH1 announced that the series would be returning after nearly four years off-air on April 17th, with Evelyn Lozada, Shaunie O'Neal, Tami Roman, Jackie Christie and Malaysia Pargo returning to the franchise. Brandi Maxiell, Elena Ahanzadeh, Saniy'yah Samaa, Keonna Green, Bonnie-Jill Laflin, Aja, Christen and Melissa Metoyer are also set to join the series as recurring cast members. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Basketball Wives (season 6) The sixth season of the reality television series \"Basketball Wives\" aired on VH1 from April 17, 2017 until August 14, 2017. The season was primarily filmed in Los Angeles, California. It was executively produced by Nick Emmerson,","title":"Basketball Wives (season 6)"},{"id":"19539168","text":"October 6 and October 13 respectively. Just like Season 1, It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3, Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth episodes shown on November 17, November 24, December 1 and December 8 respectively. Episode nine to eleven aired from February 9 to February 23, 2018. The twelfth episode was released on March 23, 2018. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season 2) was released on March 30, making 26 episodes total. These characters are the agents of M.A.T.A (\"Meta Advance Tactical Agency\"), a secret spy organization that possess advanced technologies and is responsible for keeping the peace","title":"Ejen Ali"},{"id":"16173409","text":"The second season ran on HBO from January 13, 2013 to March 17, 2013. The third season, which contained 12 episodes as opposed to the previous seasons' 10 episodes, ran from January 12, 2014, to March 23, 2014. The fourth season of the series started filming in April 2014 and premiered on January 11, 2015. The fifth season premiered on February 21, 2016. \"Girls\" sixth and final season concluded on April 16, 2017, culminating in a total of 62 episodes. Since its release in 2012, the series has generated significant criticism over its lack of racial representation, depiction of sexual","title":"Girls (TV series)"},{"id":"19491253","text":"7, 2015. On April 6, 2016, Netflix announced that the series has been renewed for its second and third seasons. The second season was released on August 12, 2016, and the third season was released on October 14, 2016. Both consisted of six episodes. An extended 34-minute Valentine's Day special was released as the first and only episode of the fourth season on February 14, 2017. A fifth season consisting of five episodes was released on September 15, 2017. A sixth season, also consisting of five episodes, was released on November 7, 2017. The series is filmed primarily in and","title":"Project Mc2"},{"id":"15522998","text":"It To Stevie\", starring Stevie J, would make its series premiere on December 19, 2016, back-to-back with the third season of \"K. Michelle: My Life\". On February 21, 2017, VH1 announced \"\" would be returning for a sixth season on March 6, 2017. On April 19, 2017, VH1 announced \"Joseline's Special Delivery\", a special documenting the birth of Joseline's child, which aired between the season's eighth and ninth episodes on May 1, 2017. Additionally, \"Dirty Little Secrets 2\", a special featuring unseen footage and deleted scenes, aired on May 10, 2017. On April 13, 2017, VH1 announced that season four","title":"Love & Hip Hop"},{"id":"10345336","text":"price of $214,000. The cast features 15 major roles with star billing: 11 return from the fifth season, one returns from the fourth season after a year's absence, and three are new regular cast members. Unlike the latter half of the previous season, in which the cast was divided into two groups following two separate storylines, Season Six features an alternate universe scenario which the producers call \"flash-sideways,\" and almost all the main characters participate in both storylines. Returning from the fifth season are the survivors' leader Dr. Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox); former fugitive Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly); millionaire Hugo","title":"Lost (season 6)"},{"id":"19861860","text":"Central, Mountain, Alaska, and Hawaii-Aleutian times. From February 8 to February 25, 2018, NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea aired live in all time zones, encompassing all of primetime those days. The East Coast late night coverage after the late local news (around midnight ET/11 p.m. CT) at approximately 12:35 a.m. ET/11:35 p.m. CT was carried on the West Coast in primetime under the \"Prime Time Plus\" banner. Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2016–17:","title":"2017–18 United States network television schedule"},{"id":"19721949","text":"The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary. On May 1, 2018, the show moved to the Disney Channel, with new episodes airing on Fridays beginning May 4, 2018. In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017. The full series debuted on March 1, 2018 on Disney XD. In Indonesia,","title":"DuckTales (2017 TV series)"},{"id":"19387443","text":"point onwards (at Lynch's insistence). Overall, the series consists of 18 episodes. It concluded on September 3, 2017, with a two-part finale. In the United Kingdom, Sky Atlantic simulcast the first two episodes beginning at 2:00 am British Summer Time on May 22, 2017, and the next two episodes were released on Sky UK's on-demand service after the premiere. In the Nordic countries, the series is broadcast on HBO Nordic, with the two-hour premiere airing on May 22, and subsequent episodes being made available the day after its U.S. airing. In Canada, the series is available on CraveTV and The","title":"Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)"},{"id":"12402404","text":"on the Official Facebook page that the episode \"Meter Reading Chic\" would be the final episode of the show. On 4 January, 2016 however, it was announced that following a hiatus of three years the show would be returning for a sixth series, that was recorded in February and broadcast in April of that year. A seventh series was announced in June 2017 consisting of 4 episodes, to be broadcast in August and September 2017, and it was recommissioned again for an eighth series which was broadcast in August and September 2018. Recurring guest cast: Ramesh Majhu Ramesh is a","title":"Fags, Mags and Bags"},{"id":"18024780","text":"was renewed for a sixth season in February 2013.The full cast, trailer and premiere date were released in January 2014 with a 30-minute special preview that aired on February 12, 2014. The season premiere \"If You Can Make It Here\" was aired on March 11, 2014, while the twentieth episode \"The Last Leg\" served as the season finale, and was aired on July 22, 2014. It was followed by a three-part reunion that aired on July 29, August 5 and August 12, 2014, which marked the conclusion of the season. Andrew Hoegl, Barrie Bernstein, Lisa Shannon, Pam Healy and Andy","title":"The Real Housewives of New York City (season 6)"},{"id":"16395340","text":"fourth prime-time series followed in January 2017, containing six episodes. These were broadcast weekly from 4 January to 8 February 2017, airing at 8:00pm on Wednesdays. The sixth series aired daily (on weekdays) from 3 to 14 April 2017, again at 11:00am. Again, each episode was repeated the next morning at 6:30am on BBC Two. The fifth prime-time series followed in July 2017, containing just three episodes. These were broadcast from 13 July to 23 August, again at 8:00pm on Wednesdays. The third series of half-hour reversions, containing highlights from the sixth series, aired daily (on weekdays) from 20 November","title":"The Sheriffs Are Coming"},{"id":"19833530","text":"It consists of 14 episodes, including a two-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker. On July 7, 2015, shortly after her release from prison, Remy Ma announced that she was joining the show for season six, along with her husband Papoose. On November 2, 2015, VH1 announced that \"\" would be returning for a sixth season on December 14, 2015. A 5-minute \"super-trailer\" was released on November 30, 2015. The cast would undergo a major cast change for the third time in the show's history, with only Yandy, Tara and Amina returning from last season's main cast. They were joined","title":"Love & Hip Hop: New York (season 6)"},{"id":"20782977","text":"Mira quién baila (season 6) Season six of \"Mira quién baila\" premiered on Univision and Las Estrellas on July 29, 2018 and concluded on September 16, 2018. It is the first season to air in Mexico. The TV series is the Spanish version of British version \"Strictly Come Dancing\" and American version \"Dancing with the Stars\". Ten celebrities are paired with ten professional ballroom dancers. Javier Poza and Chiquinquirá Delgado return as the show's hosts, while Joaquín Cortés, Lola Cortés, and season 5 winner Dayanara Torres joined as judges. The winner, Greeicy Rendón, received $25,000 for her charity and sponsored","title":"Mira quién baila (season 6)"},{"id":"19672440","text":"New Girl (season 6) The sixth season of the American comedy series \"New Girl\" premiered September 20, 2016 on Fox at 8:30pm (Eastern) and concluded on April 4, 2017. During the series, it moved to 8:00pm (Eastern) in early 2017. Developed by Elizabeth Meriwether under the working title \"Chicks & Dicks\", the series revolves around offbeat teacher Jess (Zooey Deschanel) after her moving into an LA loft with three men, Nick (Jake Johnson), Schmidt (Max Greenfield), and Winston (Lamorne Morris); Jess's best friend Cece (Hannah Simone) also appears regularly. The characters, who are in their early thirties, deal with maturing","title":"New Girl (season 6)"},{"id":"2260950","text":"produced by Nelvana and Treehouse in seasons 1–6, and 9 Story Media Group in seasons 3–5 in Canada, and Silver Lining Productions in seasons 1–3, and Chorion in season 4 in the United States. A sixth season of the series premiered on September 18, 2016, with a new main voice cast and theme song, and all new episodes being split into two 11 min. segments, rather than the original three 7 minute segment episodes. segments (see episode list for details). A seventh season of the series premiered on August 12, 2019; and again (like Season 6), in Season 7, the","title":"Max & Ruby"},{"id":"11720825","text":"cast; however, several characters exited the show: Charlotte was written out early in the season in episode five, with Daniel being written out later in the antepenultimate episode. Season six saw several cast changes: Juliet was written out in the season premiere while three previous recurring characters were upgraded to starring status. These included Nestor Carbonell as mysterious, age-less Other Richard Alpert; Jeff Fahey as pilot Frank Lapidus; and Zuleikha Robinson as Ajira Airways Flight 316 survivor Ilana Verdansky. Additionally, former cast members Ian Somerhalder, Dominic Monaghan, Rebecca Mader, Jeremy Davies, Elizabeth Mitchell, Maggie Grace, Michelle Rodriguez, Harold Perrineau, and","title":"Lost (TV series)"},{"id":"15821872","text":"for Best Actor – Television Series Drama in 2015. On October 30, 2017, Netflix announced that the sixth season would be the final season, following sexual misconduct allegations against Spacey. On November 3, 2017, Netflix announced that Spacey had been fired from the show. On December 4, 2017, Netflix announced that an eight-episode sixth and final season would start production in early 2018 without Spacey's involvement. It was released on November 2, 2018. Frank Underwood, a power-hungry Democratic congressman from South Carolina and House majority whip, celebrates the election of President Garrett Walker, whose campaign he aided to get himself","title":"House of Cards (U.S. TV series)"},{"id":"20015849","text":"including a two-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker. On February 21, 2017, VH1 announced \"\" would be returning for a sixth season on March 6, 2017. A 5-minute long \"super-trailer\" was released on February 27, 2017. With the exception of K. Michelle, despite persistent rumors of a mass firing, all main cast members from the previous season returned, along with Tommie Lee, who was promoted to the main cast. Social media personality Lovely Mimi joined the supporting cast, along with club promoter Melissa Scott, Kirk's alleged mistress Jasmine Washington, her lovers Rod Bullock and Keanna Arnold, beauty shop owner","title":"Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (season 6)"},{"id":"20228897","text":"an unexplained sense of loss. In August, it was revealed that Regina would be a bar owner named Roni, who is more dressed down and is \"no longer in charge.\" In March 2017, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were cast for unknown guest roles in the season six finale. During the episode, it was revealed that West was portraying an adult Henry Mills, while Fernandez portrayed his daughter, Lucy. After that episode's airing, they were confirmed as series regulars for season 7. On July 6, 2017, it was announced that Dania Ramirez and Gabrielle Anwar would be two additional","title":"Hyperion Heights"},{"id":"20318973","text":"it moved to CTV for its fourth and final season, consisting of eight episodes. The first season originally aired from January 29 to April 2, 2014, while the second season aired from January 19 to March 23, 2015. A third season premiered on June 20, 2016, concluding on August 22, and the fourth season premiered on July 31, 2017, and concluded on September 18. In the United States, the series airs on the streaming service Acorn TV, with the first season premiering on January 18, 2016, the second on May 16, the third on October 24, and the fourth on","title":"19-2 (2014 TV series)"},{"id":"14497955","text":"on the Internet May 9, 2008. Season 2 premiered on the Internet January 9, 2009. Season 3 premiered on MavTV February 7, 2010. Season 4 premiered on MavTV July 4, 2010. Season 5 premiered on Pursuit Channel September 18, 2011. Season 6 premiered on Pursuit Channel in August 2013. Season 7 premiered on Youtoo America, in September 2015. Season 8 premiered on Youtoo America, in February 2018. Full episodes can be seen on Youtoo America, Rev'n, Untamed Sports TV, Biz Television, The Auto Channel, Wild TV, and on demand via Amazon Video, Amazon Fire TV, Roku, YouTube and iTunes. Past","title":"Motorz TV"},{"id":"16736792","text":"finale to properly conclude the series, to air on December 20, 2018. Season 1 aired on NBC in the U.S. and on Global in Canada on Monday nights at 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific (9 p.m. Central). Season 2 aired on NBC and Global on Sunday nights at 10 p.m. EST/PST. (9 p.m. CST). Episodes can also be streamed online through NBC and Global's respective websites, as well as on Netflix in some countries. Episodes can also be streamed on Hulu in the United States. Starting from December 14, 2016, it aired in the UK on E4 every Wednesday at","title":"Timeless (TV series)"},{"id":"14601402","text":"VH1 announced the original series would return after a five-year hiatus with its sixth season premiered on April 17, 2017. Beginning with season six, the setting of the show relocated permanently to Los Angeles, effectively combining the casts of the original series and \"Basketball Wives LA\". On April 16, 2018, VH1 announced the show's return for a seventh season, which premiered on May 14, 2018. \"Basketball Wives\" debuted on April 11, 2010, with thirty-minute episodes. The second season premiered on December 12, 2010, with expanded sixty-minute episodes and featured new cast member Tami Roman. Season 3 made its debut on","title":"Basketball Wives"},{"id":"20076925","text":"\"Basketball Wives\" debuted on April 11, 2010, with thirty-minute episodes. The second season premiered on December 12, 2010, with expanded sixty-minute episodes and featured new cast member Tami Roman. Season 3 made its debut on May 30, 2011, with new cast member Meeka Claxton. The fourth season premiered on February 20, 2012, with two new cast members, Kenya Bell and Kesha Nichols and the departure of Claxton. The fifth season premiered on August 19, 2013, with Tasha Marbury joining the cast. According to a tweet from Tami Roman, the show has been quietly though officially cancelled. On March 27, 2017,","title":"Basketball Wives (season 6)"},{"id":"20782978","text":"9 houses, intended for families affected by the 2017 Central Mexico earthquake. Mira quién baila (season 6) Season six of \"Mira quién baila\" premiered on Univision and Las Estrellas on July 29, 2018 and concluded on September 16, 2018. It is the first season to air in Mexico. The TV series is the Spanish version of British version \"Strictly Come Dancing\" and American version \"Dancing with the Stars\". Ten celebrities are paired with ten professional ballroom dancers. Javier Poza and Chiquinquirá Delgado return as the show's hosts, while Joaquín Cortés, Lola Cortés, and season 5 winner Dayanara Torres joined as","title":"Mira quién baila (season 6)"},{"id":"19891040","text":"in Germany, the series had its world premiere in Australia on Universal Channel on 13 November 2017. In France, the series premiered on TF1, beginning on 23 January 2018 and ending on 27 February 2018. In Germany, the series aired on VOX a day after the French broadcast. In the United Kingdom, the series premiered on Universal Channel on 19 March 2018. In the U.S., the series is set to be shown on WGN America, which acquired the rights to the series in June 2018, in early 2019. Kit \"Kick\" Lannigan survives a childhood abduction and is rescued by FBI","title":"Gone (TV series)"},{"id":"18895747","text":"Teen Wolf (season 6) The sixth season of \"Teen Wolf\", an American supernatural drama created by Jeff Davis and to some extent based on the 1985 film of the same name, received an order of 20 episodes on July 9, 2015, and premiered on November 15, 2016. The second half of the season premiered on July 30, 2017. Unlike the previous season, instead of telling a single story, the season was split into two 10-episode arcs, following the same format of the third season. On July 21, 2016, the cast announced at Comic Con that the series would end after","title":"Teen Wolf (season 6)"},{"id":"5269380","text":"Blu-ray July 21, 2009. A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016. The revival series, dubbed \"\", premiered on April 4, 2017, and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm. The season concluded on May 30, 2017. On December 12, 2017, Dominic Purcell announced via Instagram that season 6 is \"in the works.\" Then on January 4, 2018, Fox officially confirmed that season 6 is in early development. The first season follows the rescue of Lincoln Burrows, who is accused of murdering Terrence Steadman, the brother of Vice President of the United States, Caroline Reynolds. Lincoln is sentenced","title":"Prison Break"},{"id":"3650779","text":"writing the sixth season as of Summer 2013, and that it would enter full-production in September 2013. They tentatively stated that Season 6 would premiere in Fall of 2014, or very early 2015 at the latest. This estimated season-debut date turned out to be extremely premature as Season 6 premiered at Midnight, February 1, 2016. Jackson Publick confirmed on Twitter that Season 7 of the Venture Brothers would be aired on Adult Swim in \"Summer\" 2018 . On June 27, it was confirmed via Adult Swim's Instagram page that Season 7 would begin August 5, 2018. Since the first season,","title":"The Venture Bros."},{"id":"19511780","text":"the fall of 2016 and air on Tuesdays at 9:00 P.M. On November 4, 2016, CBS picked up the series for a full season of 22 episodes. An additional episode was ordered in November. On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a second season. which premiered on September 26, 2017. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a third season which is set to premiere on September 24, 2018. Michael Weatherly, Geneva Carr, Freddy Rodriguez, Chris Jackson and Jaime Lee Kirchner were part of the pilot's main cast. Annabelle Attanasio did not return for season three","title":"Bull (2016 TV series)"},{"id":"16347841","text":"\"Nashville\" for a 16-episode sixth season that debuted on January 4, 2018. Filming began on September 27, 2017. On November 17, 2017, it was announced that the sixth season would be the show's final season, as CMT moved to all unscripted programming. The 124th and final episode aired on July 26, 2018. In the first episode, the series focuses on the rivalry of Rayna Jaymes and Juliette Barnes. Rayna Jaymes is the established \"Queen of Country Music\". However, her latest album is not selling well and her tour is playing to half empty venues. Her record label suggests that she","title":"Nashville (2012 TV series)"},{"id":"16597382","text":"Ray Donovan Ray Donovan is an American television crime drama series created by Ann Biderman for Showtime. The twelve-episode first season premiered on June 30, 2013. The pilot episode broke viewership records, becoming the biggest premiere of all time on Showtime. Showtime renewed the show for a fourth season, which premiered on June 26, 2016. On August 11, 2016, Showtime renewed the show for a fifth season, which premiered on August 6, 2017. On October 23, 2017, the series was renewed for a 12-episode sixth season, filmed in New York City, which premiered on October 28, 2018. The drama is","title":"Ray Donovan"},{"id":"17014832","text":"August 14, 2018. On September 11, 2018, OWN announced the fourth half of the season, which premiered on October 2, 2018, on October 9, 2018, OWN announced the countdown to the season 6 finale, set to air November 6, 2018. The series has been renewed for a seventh season which is now filming. The seventh season is set to premiere on January 8, 2019. The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich, powerful, and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families (dubbed \"The Haves\") and the poor and destitute","title":"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)"},{"id":"20815995","text":"Daisy Jones & The Six Daisy Jones & The Six is an upcoming American web TV series based on the upcoming book of the same name written by Taylor Jenkins Reid. The miniseries is set to consist of thirteen episodes and will air on Amazon Video. \"Daisy Jones & The Six\" follows \"a rock band in the 1970s from their rise in the LA music scene to becoming one of the most legendary bands in the world.\" The series was announced on July 25, 2018. The series is set to be written by writers Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber","title":"Daisy Jones & The Six"},{"id":"19100417","text":"trans major character in a scripted television drama series in America, after Laverne Cox on \"Orange is the New Black\" and Jamie Clayton on \"Sense8\". On February 22, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 27, 2017 and crossed over with other Fox series \"Empire\". On May 10, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a third season. Season 3 premiered on September 26, 2018 and airs on Fox Wednesdays at 9:00 PM. Internationally, new episodes premiere on Netflix in Canada the following Thursday. Star Davis, a teenage orphan, leaves foster care to save her","title":"Star (TV series)"},{"id":"19313870","text":"K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\" had its worldwide television premiere in the US on Cartoon Network on August 1, 2017, and aired on sister network Boomerang from August 7 to September 1, 2017. In Canada, it premiered on August 1 on Cartoon Network and on September 4 on Teletoon. In Africa, the shorts were released on September 11 and the full series premiered on November 18, 2017. It premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 9, 2017. It premiered in Australia and New Zealand and the Philippines on January 6, 2018 and in Southeast Asia on January 20, 2018. A","title":"OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes"},{"id":"18778093","text":"on November 24, 2016. The remaining 10 episodes of the third season aired from January 21, 2017 to February 18, 2017. Four special episodes aired from June 26, 2017 to June 29, 2017, marking the end of the series. There is an English-language version of the series being broadcast in Middle Eastern regions, Nordic countries, Hungary and Czech Republic, and South Africa. In South Africa, Season 1 first aired from March 3, 2016 to May 26, 2016; Season 2 from July 7, 2016 to November 3, 2016; Season 3 Part 1 from April 3, 2017 to April 14, 2017; and","title":"Alex & Co."},{"id":"19832007","text":"at the start of the show. The first episode of the Live shows was first broadcast on 4 June 2017. Australian sister band The Veronicas performed their new single \"The Only High\". The semi-finals will first broadcast on 25 June 2017. At the end of this episode, four artists will advance to the grand final, while the other four will be eliminated. Guest Performances Notes The Grand Finale was first broadcast on 2 July 2017. Notes The Voice (Australia season 6) The sixth season of \"The Voice\" began on 24 April 2017. Delta Goodrem was the only coach to reprise","title":"The Voice (Australia season 6)"},{"id":"19713428","text":"to have been renewed for a sixth season following the announcement of Brandi Glanville's departure and filming had commenced in August 2015. The full cast, premiere date and trailer were announced on November 5, 2015. The season premiere \"Life's a Pitch\" was aired on December 1, 2015, while the twentieth episode \"Who Do You Believe?\" served as the season finale, and was aired on April 12, 2016. It was followed by a three-part reunion that aired on April 19, April 26 and May 3, 2016 and a \"Secrets Revealed\" episode on May 10, 2016, which marked the conclusion of the","title":"The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (season 6)"},{"id":"1614736","text":"with the original Law & Order but stopped after the first episode. The first season later moved to Nine's sister channel Gem on Sunday nights as of February 25, 2018 at 9:10pm with double episodes before moving to single episodes, and later reairing them in the early hours of Monday morning. Gem is currently airing the second season. Season 19 premiered on Network Ten on October 5, 2017 at 9:40pm. As of September 2017, the show is rerun on fellow NBCUniversal network USA, as well as Ion Television, MyNetworkTV's Monday evening lineup, and local stations. The show also briefly ran","title":"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit"},{"id":"20468037","text":"that FremantleMedia was in talks to revive the show for NBC or for its original network, Fox. A dispute between Fremantle and Core Media Group derailed these plans. Then, in May 2017, it was announced that ABC was making a bid to revive the program. Later, ABC announced that it had acquired the rights to the series, and that \"American Idol\" would return for the 2017–18 television season. On November 6, 2017, it was announced that the revival season would premiere on March 11, 2018. On July 20, 2017, it was announced on \"Live with Kelly and Ryan\", that Ryan","title":"American Idol (season 16)"},{"id":"10345339","text":"Mitchell returns as fertility specialist Dr. Juliet Burke, Dominic Monaghan returns as deceased rock star Charlie Pace, and Jeremy Davies returns as deceased physicist Daniel Faraday. Ian Somerhalder reprises his role as deceased Flight 815 crash survivor Boone Carlyle, as does Rebecca Mader as anthropologist Charlotte Lewis. Harold Perrineau and Cynthia Watros, who portray Michael Dawson and Libby Smith, respectively, return in the second half of the season. About the return of Libby, Cuse stated, \"Finally, all of your questions [about Libby] will be answered\", however, Lindelof jokingly responded, \"No, they will not\". Michelle Rodriguez, another second season star, returns","title":"Lost (season 6)"},{"id":"17898151","text":"at the end of Series 1 that the show would return for a second series, with both Suranne Jones and Bertie Carvel. At the 21st National Television Awards Jones announced that the new series began filming in September 2016. The second series started on 5 September 2017 and concluded on 3 October 2017. The BBC is yet to confirm whether the show will return for a third series although writer Mike Bartlett does not dismiss the possibility. In general, the show has received acclaim. The opening episode received generally positive reviews from critics, with Lucy Mangan from the \"Guardian\" calling","title":"Doctor Foster (TV series)"},{"id":"365740","text":"season, Wright was nominated for her fifth consecutive Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress – Drama. For the years 2014, 2016, and 2017, Wright received Best Actress in a Drama Series nominations for the Critics' Choice Television Awards, with her being the only nomination for the show in December 2017. In October 2017, Wright was set as the show's new lead, following sexual misconduct allegations against Spacey, which resulted in him being fired from the sixth and final season. In 2017, Wright played General Antiope in \"Wonder Woman\" (2017), alongside Gal Gadot and Chris Pine. She appears in the","title":"Robin Wright"},{"id":"17369022","text":"the premiere of the fifth season, Starz renewed the show for a sixth season, set to air in 2019. In Australia, all episodes are available to stream after their US airing on Stan. The show is available weekly after its US airing on Netflix in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In Scandinavia and Finland, all episodes are available to stream on HBO Nordic. Season 1 of \"Power\" received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Metacritic gives the season a score of 57 out of 100, based on 15 reviews, indicating a mixed reaction to the series. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes","title":"Power (TV series)"},{"id":"1580810","text":"Fremantle Media was in talks to revive the show for NBC or for its original network, Fox. A dispute between Fremantle and Core Media Group derailed these plans. In May 2017, ABC was making a bid to revive the program. ABC acquired the rights to the series, and that \"American Idol\" would return for the 2017–18 television season. Katy Perry, Luke Bryan and Lionel Richie were the three judges and Ryan Seacrest returned as host. The revival season premiered on March 11, 2018. On May 21, 2018 the season concluded, crowning Maddie Poppe winner and Caleb Lee Hutchinson runner-up. ABC","title":"American Idol"},{"id":"18568897","text":"not have an onscreen role. On March 11, 2016, it was announced that Marycarmen Lopez also was cast as regular. On August 1, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season ahead of its television premiere which aired in a two-night premiere on June 20 and June 21, 2017. The second season premiered on OWN in a two episode special on June 20 and 21, 2017. The show was renewed for a third season on July 26, 2017. The third season premiered in a two-night special on May 29 and May 30, 2018. On August 8, 2018, the series","title":"Queen Sugar"},{"id":"8287723","text":"season six, Billy Brown was cast as transferred-in Detective Mike Anderson to replace Debra after her promotion to lieutenant. Josh Cooke played Louis Greene, a lab tech and Masuka's intern, in seasons six and seven, and Darri Ingolfsson played Oliver Saxon in season eight. The main creative forces behind the series were executive producers Daniel Cerone, Clyde Phillips, and Melissa Rosenberg. Cerone left the show after its second season. Executive producer and showrunner Phillips departed the series, after a record-setting season-four finale, to spend more time with his family; \"24\" co-executive producer Chip Johannessen took over Phillips' post. Head writer","title":"Dexter (TV series)"},{"id":"17191921","text":"Boone). The series also stars Diego Klattenhoff, Ryan Eggold, and Harry Lennix. The pilot episode was written by Jon Bokenkamp and directed by Joe Carnahan. Executive producers for the series include Bokenkamp, John Eisendrath, and John Davis for Sony Pictures Television, Universal Television, and Davis Entertainment. On May 12, 2018, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which is set to premiere on January 3, 2019. The series has received positive reviews, with many critics praising Spader's performance in particular. Raymond \"Red\" Reddington, a former US Naval Intelligence officer who had disappeared twenty years earlier to become one of","title":"The Blacklist (TV series)"},{"id":"16517629","text":"was promoted to executive producer. On October 29, the fourth episode of the season, \"Portrait of a Lady Alexander\", was rescheduled for November 5, due to Hurricane Sandy. Blake Lively, Leighton Meester, Penn Badgley, Chace Crawford, Ed Westwick, Kaylee DeFer, Kelly Rutherford, and Matthew Settle all returned as series regulars. Michelle Trachtenberg was upgraded to a guest-starring role for this season. Former recurring star, Desmond Harrington and Robert John Burke, also returned as guest stars for the season. On July 7, 2012, actress Andrea Gabriel, known for her role on \"Lost\", had been cast as a businesswoman from Dubai. \"7th","title":"Gossip Girl (season 6)"},{"id":"18967485","text":"for a second season. Production began in June 2012 and ended in August 2012. The third season was announced on March 1, 2016 and it premiered on March 11, 2016. The fourth season began filming on April 20, 2017 and finished filming on June 13, 2017. The season premiered on November 3, 2017 on the new Keshet 12 channel. The fifth season began filming on March 25, 2018 and finished filming on May 22, 2018. The sixth season was announced by Yaniv Polishook on November 26, 2018. In April 7, 2015 the show premiered in United States under the title","title":"Sabri Maranan (TV series)"},{"id":"19672441","text":"relationships and career choices. \"New Girl\" was renewed for a sixth season on April 12, 2016. The season premiere marked Zooey Deschanel's directorial debut with the episode picking up three months after the events of the season five finale. TVLine confirmed Megan Fox's return midseason in an eight episode arc. At the 2016 Television Critics Association Summer Tour, FOX announced that this season would include a one-hour crossover with \"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\", which aired on October 11. Only Deschanel appears on \"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\", while Andy Samberg, Andre Braugher, Joe Lo Truglio and Chelsea Peretti appear on \"New Girl\". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> New Girl","title":"New Girl (season 6)"},{"id":"10409773","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Dallas Desperados season"},{"id":"17615526","text":"2016. It premiered in the UK on 12 April 2016 and was made available via Sky's On Demand service. The renewal for a third and final series was announced on 20 January 2017 entitled \"The Tunnel: Vengeance\" and consisting of six episodes. It began filming in March 2017 and premiered on Sky Atlantic on 14 December 2017, with all episodes released on the same day. Canal+ did not announce a corresponding date for France at the time of the UK release. Season 3 premiered on Canal+ on 4 June 2018. In the United States, the first season aired on many","title":"The Tunnel (TV series)"},{"id":"14195696","text":"to begin filming in London in 2016. On April 11, 2016, Season 5 was confirmed to be the show's last; it consists of seven episodes and premiered on August 20, 2017. The series finale, Season 5's \"Episode Seven\", aired on October 8, 2017. \"Episodes\" has received positive reviews by critics, with specific praise being given to the performances of stars Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Greig, and Matt LeBlanc. For his performance in the series Matt LeBlanc won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards. After married","title":"Episodes (TV series)"},{"id":"10565752","text":"parents abandon her at the hospital to focus on their son. Naomi decides to take Betsey home with her forever. At the end of the Season Four finale, Naomi chases Fife to the airport and says goodbye to Addison. Fife proposes to Naomi and she says yes but also says they are moving to New York so she, Fife, and Betsey can live nice normal lives. This is the last time Naomi appears as a series regular in the show, although she does return for the season six finale which is also the series finale. Naomi was created by Shonda","title":"Naomi Bennett"},{"id":"2007217","text":"both eventually letting the rights lapse. The streaming service Hulu later picked up the show, in anticipation of the show's revival in 2017, with the entire series also carried on NBC.com. Around the same time, NBC's classic subchannel network Cozi TV picked up the series and airs it four times nightly, and promotes it as \"The Original Series\" to avert confusion with the current-day run. In the United Kingdom, the series was aired on Channel 4 up until its season finale in 2006. It was confirmed on 4 December 2017 that the series would premiere in January 2018 on Channel","title":"Will & Grace"},{"id":"17983856","text":"Younger (TV series) Younger is an American comedy-drama television series created and produced by Darren Star, based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Pamela Redmond Satran. The single-camera series stars Sutton Foster as the lead character, with Hilary Duff, Debi Mazar, Miriam Shor, Nico Tortorella, Molly Bernard and Peter Hermann co-starring in other main roles. The series premiered on March 31, 2015, on TV Land and received generally positive reviews from critics. The fifth season premiered on June 5, 2018. On June 4, 2018, the show was renewed for a sixth season. On September 5, 2018, Viacom","title":"Younger (TV series)"},{"id":"1494367","text":"9, 2017, season 5 was premiered and the sixth season premiered on July 27, 2018. In November 2013, Netflix and Marvel Television announced a five-season deal to produce live action Marvel superhero-focused series: Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist and Luke Cage. The deal involves the release of four 13-episode seasons that culminate in a mini-series called \"The Defenders\". \"Daredevil\" and \"Jessica Jones\" premiered in 2015. The \"Luke Cage\" series premiered on September 30, 2016, followed by \"Iron Fist\" on March 17, 2017 and \"The Defenders\" on August 18, 2017. In April 2016 the Netflix series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe","title":"Netflix"},{"id":"10411020","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Nashville Kats season"},{"id":"20355640","text":"SC6 (sports program) SC6, also known as The Six, was a rebranded hour of the ESPN program \"SportsCenter\". The program aired weekdays at 6:00 p.m. ET and was hosted by former \"His & Hers\" duo Michael Smith and Jemele Hill. The show featured some elements from \"His & Hers\" and, like \"SportsCenter with SVP\", is more freeform than other editions of \"SportsCenter\". In addition, SC6 focused on the night ahead in sports, as well as breaking sports news as warranted. \"SC6\" was created to boost \"SportsCenter\"s ratings in the 6 PM hour. On Monday, October 9, 2017, after calling for","title":"SC6 (sports program)"},{"id":"19322147","text":"of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes. The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. A seventh season premiered on August 10, 2018 and consists of thirteen episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. The eighth and final season premiered on December 14, 2018, and consists of thirteen episodes. For millennia, the Galra Empire has plagued the universe by destroying other civilizations and enslaving various races.","title":"Voltron: Legendary Defender"},{"id":"13437955","text":"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 6) So You Think You Can Dance, also known as SYTYCD, is a United States television reality program and dance competition airing on the Fox Broadcasting Company network. Season six premiered on Wednesday, September 9, 2009, with Nigel Lythgoe and Mary Murphy returning as permanent judges and Cat Deeley returning to host. Season six is the first to air during the fall season, immediately following the summer airing of season five. Live shows began airing October 26 and the season finale aired on December 16. Russell Ferguson, the first krumper to make","title":"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 6)"},{"id":"19872785","text":"second season, premiered March 24, 2017, after a DCOM, called \"\", premiered March 10, 2017. \"Liv and Maddie\" aired its final episode on March 24, 2017 after four seasons. \"Andi Mack\", premiered April 7, 2017. \"\", a show based on the characters of the 2012 movie of the same name, premiered June 25, 2017. \"Raven's Home\", a spin-off of \"That's So Raven\", premiered July 21, 2017, after the premiere of \"Descendants 2\". On February 2 2018, \"K.C. Undercover\" aired its final episode (actually two produced episodes broadcast as a one-hour episode) after three seasons. Disney XD series \"DuckTales\", \"\", and","title":"History of Disney Channel"},{"id":"19607340","text":"Homeland (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series \"Homeland\" premiered on January 15, 2017, and concluded on April 9, 2017, on Showtime, consisting of 12 episodes. The series started as a loosely based variation of the two-season run of the Israeli television series \"Hatufim\" (English: \"Prisoners of War\") created by Gideon Raff and is developed for American television by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa. The sixth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on February 6, 2018. Taking place several months after the previous season, Carrie Mathison is back in the United States, living in Brooklyn,","title":"Homeland (season 6)"},{"id":"19273586","text":"2015. The series was ordered for production in November 2015 with a ten-episode order. A sneak peek aired on January 1, 2017, with the official premiere on January 2, 2017. On January 10, 2017, Freeform renewed the series for a second season; season 2 premiered on January 18, 2018, with a double episode. The 10-episode second season's finale aired March 22, 2018. The entire first season was released on digital platforms, such as OnDemand, the Freeform App and website, and Hulu, on January 2, 2017. A recap special entitled \"Beyond: What Lies Ahead\" aired on December 28, 2017, and drew","title":"Beyond (2017 TV series)"},{"id":"7533388","text":"Callisto on the Disney Junior animated series \"Miles from Tomorrowland\". In 2016, Munn was cast as Elizabeth Braddock / Psylocke (one of Apocalypse's Four Horsemen) in \"\" and will reprise the role in 2019's \"X-Men: Dark Phoenix\". Beginning in 2017, she has a starring role in the television series \"Six\" as a CIA operative. In 2018, Munn appeared on Season 13 of America's Got Talent as a guest judge in the Judge Cuts 2 episode. Munn has appeared in advertising campaigns for Nike, Pepsi and Neutrogena. She appeared on the Fall 2006 cover of \"Foam\" magazine in September, in \"Men's","title":"Olivia Munn"},{"id":"19745069","text":"season of the series. This season also contains the show's 200th episode “The Vegging”. On June 22, 2016, Cartoon Network renewed the series for a sixth season. This is the last season where Donielle T. Hansley Jr. voices Darwin. He voices Darwin until Christian J. Simon takes the role in \"The Anybody\". The sixth season production began on July 13, 2017 and ended on October 24, 2018. Ben Bocquelet, retweeted an article stating that the sixth season would be its last, though the author of that article made a follow up article clarifying that there could still be more seasons.","title":"The Amazing World of Gumball (season 6)"},{"id":"4231722","text":"into the second season; he then assumed a recurring status afterward and then he later returned for the third season before moving onto another show. He played Detective Luisito Calderon on the short-lived U.S. remake of \"Prime Suspect\". Acevedo appeared on \"The Walking Dead\" on November 24, 2013. He has starred in the Syfy television series \"12 Monkeys\". Acevedo was cast in a recurring role in the sixth season of The CW television series \"Arrow\" in August 2017 as Ricardo Diaz and was promoted to series regular during season seven. In 1999, Acevedo won an ALMA Award for his role","title":"Kirk Acevedo"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"19312254\",\n \"text\": \"Six (TV series) Six (stylized as SIX) is an American television drama series. The series was ordered by the History channel with an eight-episode initial order. The first two episodes were directed by Lesli Linka Glatter. \\\"Six\\\" premiered on January 18, 2017. \\\"Six\\\" was renewed for a second season of 10 episodes on February 23, 2017, which premiered on May 28, 2018, with the second new episode airing during its regular timeslot on May 30, 2018. On June 29, History announced they had cancelled the series after two seasons. The series chronicles the operations and daily lives of operators who\",\n \"title\": \"Six (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19312256\",\n \"text\": \"re-shot. Also Christopher Backus had been cast, but left the project to be on the series \\\"Roadies\\\" before the series started shooting. Season two, which consists of 10 episodes, is being produced by a new production company, Six 2 North Productions Inc. Kimberly Peirce and Colin Bucksey are directors, with George Perkins the executive producer. Season two began filming on July 17, 2017, in Metro Vancouver, around Pemberton, and throughout British Columbia, and will complete filming on November 23, 2017. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 62% based on 13 reviews, with\",\n \"title\": \"Six (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17014831\",\n \"text\": \"the series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on\",\n \"title\": \"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19312257\",\n \"text\": \"an average rating of 6.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \\\"\\\"Six's\\\" well-crafted action and engaging characters are intriguing in spite of the show's trite premise and familiar narrative.\\\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 54 out of 100 based on 14 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\". Six (TV series) Six (stylized as SIX) is an American television drama series. The series was ordered by the History channel with an eight-episode initial order. The first two episodes were directed by Lesli Linka Glatter. \\\"Six\\\" premiered on January 18, 2017. \\\"Six\\\" was renewed for a second season\",\n \"title\": \"Six (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19312255\",\n \"text\": \"are part of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group (DEVGRU), more commonly known as SEAL Team Six, which is one of the U.S. Armed Forces' primary counter-terrorism units. The History Channel aired an hour-long special entitled \\\"Mission Debrief\\\" on May 23, 2018, as a recap of season 1. Joe Manganiello was originally cast as Rip Taggart but left the series in April 2016 \\\"due to a 'manageable' preexisting health issue\\\". About a week after Manganiello's departure, Walton Goggins was cast as his replacement. All of the already done shoots with Manganiello's character, nearly two full episodes, had to be\",\n \"title\": \"Six (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19377323\",\n \"text\": \"20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \\\"Kim Possible\\\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014\",\n \"title\": \"Big Hero 6: The Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20327546\",\n \"text\": \"the fifth season finale, Marshall Herskovitz confirmed that actor Jeffrey Nordling would return as Jessie Caine's ex-husband Brad and that the new season would see the introduction of two new characters. Filming began on September 27, 2017. Five new major recurring cast members were announced in November 2017. On November 17, 2017, it was confirmed that it would be the series's final season. The sixth season premiere was available on Hulu in the evening hours of December 19, 2017, and removed 24 hours later. Episodes aired an hour and two hours later on the Paramount Network and TV Land, following\",\n \"title\": \"Nashville (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6900074\",\n \"text\": \"was brought back and aired as the penultimate episode of the season with the finale, a best of episode, being aired on 19 March 2017. On 24 April 2018, Johar confirmed season 6 to be out in 2018 breaking the usual trend of a season every three years. On 18 August, Johar tweeted that the season premiere will air on 21 October 2018. On 21 October, the sixth season premiered with Deepika Padukone and Alia Bhatt as guests. In the third episode, Johar competed against guest Aamir Khan in the rapid fire round, while Malaika Arora appeared as a guest\",\n \"title\": \"Koffee with Karan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19539167\",\n \"text\": \"1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.\",\n \"title\": \"Ejen Ali\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20153045\",\n \"text\": \"Chicago Fire (season 6) The sixth season of \\\"Chicago Fire\\\", an American drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas and Matt Olmstead, was ordered on May 10, 2017, by NBC. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 with a timeslot change from Tuesday at 10:00 p.m. to Thursday at 10:00 p.m. The season contained twenty-three episodes and concluded on May 10, 2018. The show follows the lives of the firefighters and paramedics working at the Chicago Fire Department at the firehouse of Engine 51, Truck 81, Squad 3, Ambulance 61 and Battalion 25. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude>\",\n \"title\": \"Chicago Fire (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17144335\",\n \"text\": \"would return for a fifth season, which premiered on May 26, 2017. The series has been renewed for a sixth season of 26 episodes which premiered in Canada on September 29, 2018. The series premiere of \\\"The Next Step\\\" set ratings records for Family, with at least 574,000 viewers on its initial broadcast—which set a record for Family's highest-rated original series premiere. On January 8, 2014, BBC Worldwide licensed the series to several international broadcasters, including ABC Me in Australia, Hulu in the United States, and CBBC in the United Kingdom. In Canada, the show also airs on Vrak in\",\n \"title\": \"The Next Step (2013 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19568660\",\n \"text\": \"The Voice UK (series 6) The Voice UK is a British television music competition to find new singing talent. The sixth series began airing on 7 January 2017, with Emma Willis hosting the main show, and Cel Spellman presenting online spin-off show \\\"The V Room\\\". It is the first series to air on ITV since its move from BBC One. will.i.am returned for his sixth series as a coach, Sir Tom Jones also returned to the show after a series hiatus, replacing Paloma Faith, and Jennifer Hudson and Gavin Rossdale joined as new coaches on the show, replacing Boy George\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice UK (series 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10345343\",\n \"text\": \"to be antagonistic to him in the season 5 finale. L. Scott Caldwell and Sam Anderson reprised their roles as Rose and Bernard respectively, as does Kimberley Joseph who plays 815 stewardess-turned-Other Cindy. Also, Academy Award-winner Fisher Stevens returns as communications officer George Minkowski from the first few episodes of the fourth season in the eleventh episode. Kevin Tighe returns as Anthony Cooper, Locke's father. Also, minor characters such as Lynn Karnoff (Suzanne Krull) and Dr. Douglas Brooks (Bruce Davison) return. Several new recurring characters were introduced in the sixth season. \\\"Deadwood\\\" actor John Hawkes was cast to portray a\",\n \"title\": \"Lost (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20153046\",\n \"text\": \"Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead. Chicago Fire (season 6) The sixth season of \\\"Chicago Fire\\\", an American drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas and Matt Olmstead, was ordered on May 10, 2017, by NBC. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 with a timeslot change from Tuesday at 10:00 p.m. to Thursday at 10:00 p.m. The season contained twenty-three episodes and concluded on May 10, 2018. The show follows the lives of the firefighters and paramedics working at the Chicago Fire Department at the firehouse\",\n \"title\": \"Chicago Fire (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15451024\",\n \"text\": \"on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The eighth season premiered on September 12, 2018 and concluded on November\",\n \"title\": \"American Horror Story\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19539166\",\n \"text\": \"They planned to develop this series at least until 5 seasons, then the films will follow. The first episode was broadcast on April 8, 2016, with the second and third episodes shown on April 15 and April 22 respectively. It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3. Fourth, fifth and sixth episodes shown on July 22, July 29, and August 5 respectively. Seventh to ninth episodes are shown on October 28, 2016 for three consecutive weeks. Tenth to twelfth episodes are shown on December 30, 2016, January 6 and January 13, 2017. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season\",\n \"title\": \"Ejen Ali\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20302491\",\n \"text\": \"Show Me the Money 6 The sixth season of \\\"Show Me the Money\\\" premiered on June 30, 2017 and ended on September 1, 2017, aired every Friday at 23:00 KST on Mnet. The season features judges Choiza and Gaeko of Dynamic Duo, H1GHR MUSIC’s Jay Park of AOMG and Dok2 of Illionaire Records, Tiger JK and Bizzy of Feel GHood Music, and Zico and Dean of FANXYCHILD. Over 12,000 contestants auditioned this season with a mix of returning contestants, veteran rappers, and upcoming rappers participating in the competition. Similarly to previous seasons, open auditions were held, in Seoul, Los Angeles,\",\n \"title\": \"Show Me the Money 6\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20302494\",\n \"text\": \"to win this season. Top 16 Top 14 Top 10 Top 6 Top 3: Finalists: Winner: Show Me the Money 6 The sixth season of \\\"Show Me the Money\\\" premiered on June 30, 2017 and ended on September 1, 2017, aired every Friday at 23:00 KST on Mnet. The season features judges Choiza and Gaeko of Dynamic Duo, H1GHR MUSIC’s Jay Park of AOMG and Dok2 of Illionaire Records, Tiger JK and Bizzy of Feel GHood Music, and Zico and Dean of FANXYCHILD. Over 12,000 contestants auditioned this season with a mix of returning contestants, veteran rappers, and upcoming rappers\",\n \"title\": \"Show Me the Money 6\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16353428\",\n \"text\": \"premiere. On March 25, 2016, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on October 2, 2016. On May 13, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a sixth season. On November 29, 2017, CBS ordered an additional eight episodes bringing the sixth season total up to 21. It premiered on April 30, 2018. On May 12, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a seventh season. On December 17, 2018, it was announced that the series would conclude after the upcoming seventh season. Following his fall from grace in London and a stint in rehab, a modern Sherlock Holmes\",\n \"title\": \"Elementary (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1571218\",\n \"text\": \"third season premiered on Netflix on August 4, 2017, and consisted of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes.[5] The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. The 7th season premiered August 10th 2018 and consists of 13 episodes. The 8th and final season is set to release on December 14th, 2018 and will consist of 13 episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. In Australia, DVDs\",\n \"title\": \"Voltron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19377321\",\n \"text\": \"suggested an early 2018 release date. In March 2016, it was revealed that Jamie Chung would reprise her role as Go Go, and that following November, it was revealed that most of the cast members from the film would reprise their roles, including Ryan Potter, Genesis Rodriguez, Scott Adsit, Alan Tudyk, and Maya Rudolph. Additionally, Khary Payton replaced Damon Wayans Jr. as Wasabi and Brooks Wheelan replaced T. J. Miller as Fred. On January 6, 2017, Disney Channel released an official teaser trailer for the series. On March 14, 2017, it was renewed for a second season, ahead of the\",\n \"title\": \"Big Hero 6: The Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14419604\",\n \"text\": \"Hollywood Story special titled \\\"Life After Reality\\\" where she discussed her life now that Jerseylicious has ended. Season 6 was not released on television after Style Network went off the air. On June 18, 2017 Season 6 was made available on E! On Demand in the US. The series' premiere episode gained 300,000 total viewers and posted a 0.42 rating within the women 18-to-34 demographic. The season two finale rose to 925,000 viewers, the most-watched season-ender to-date of any series on the Style Network. The third season debut episode averaged 665,000 viewers. Season 4 premiered with a total of 668,000\",\n \"title\": \"Jerseylicious\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16420454\",\n \"text\": \"Sony Six Sony SIX is an Indian sports channel owned and operated by Sony Pictures Networks, which also owns Sony Entertainment Television and SET Max. The channel is aimed at the youth segment. It was launched on 7 April 2012 and is the 14th sports channel in India. It also broadcasts original programmes like NBA Slam. It broadcasts football, cricket, professional wrestling, mixed martial arts, rugby union, basketball and badminton. Sony Six has the broadcasting rights for FIFA World Cup, Caribbean Premier League, Copa América, The FA Cup, Italian Serie A, La Liga, The Rugby Championship, Aviva Premiership, Top 14,\",\n \"title\": \"Sony Six\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19125144\",\n \"text\": \"through November 12. The second chapter began streaming in January 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel Space before being streamed on Crave; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z. Subsequent episodes will be released through Space, Z, and Crave, with Space airing each episode 30 minutes before it's streamed on All Access. In the other countries, Netflix will\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Discovery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19568668\",\n \"text\": \"On\\\") This episode aired from 7.45pm until 9.00pm. Musical guest: Jennifer Hudson (\\\"Remember Me\\\") This episode aired from 8.30 until 9.45pm. Musical guest: Bush ('Mad Love') This episode aired from 7.45pm until 9.00pm. Musical guest: will.i.am (\\\"FIYAH\\\") The first live show was broadcast on 18 March 2017, with the second on 25 March, and the third and final live shows aired on 1 and 2 April 2017. This episode aired from 8.30pm to 10.30pm. This episode aired from 8.30pm to 10:30pm. This marks the first time a female coach had more than one artist in the finale, as Jamie Miller\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice UK (series 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15310994\",\n \"text\": \"portrayed Valerie Solanas, the real-life radical feminist and \\\"SCUM Manifesto\\\" author who attempted to murder Andy Warhol in the late 1960s, in \\\".\\\" \\\"Girls\\\" sixth and final season concluded on April 16, 2017, culminating in a total of 62 episodes. Since 2016, Dunham has been working on a second book that will be published by Random House. In February 2018, A Casual Romance Productions announced that it would be producing \\\"Camping\\\", a remake of the British comedy series of the same name for HBO, with Jennifer Garner in the lead and Dunham and Konner as showrunners and writers. On July\",\n \"title\": \"Lena Dunham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16373568\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Million Dollar Listing New York\\\" was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on April 15, 2015. The same year, the show was nominated for another Emmy award in the same category. The fifth season of the series premiered on April 21, 2016. In July 2016, Ortiz announced his departure from the show. On October 27, 2016, the show was renewed for a sixth season. In April 2018, the show was renewed for a seventh season. Internationally, the series premiered in Australia on September 25, 2016 on Arena. In the United Kingdom the series is shown on Sky Living and\",\n \"title\": \"Million Dollar Listing New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19578358\",\n \"text\": \"The Americans (season 6) The sixth and final season of the American television drama series \\\"The Americans\\\", comprising 10 episodes, premiered on FX on March 28, 2018, The final season was announced in May 2016, when the series received a two-season renewal to conclude the series.<ref name=\\\"5/6Renew\\\"></ref> The series moved back to its original time slot, Wednesdays at 10:00pm, after airing on Tuesdays the previous season. The events of the sixth season begin in late September 1987, three years after the conclusion of season five. The work of American artist Alyssa Monks was used as the artwork of Miriam Shor's\",\n \"title\": \"The Americans (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5789134\",\n \"text\": \"2017 on MTV. The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV. The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018. The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV. The 13th season had filmed in Atlanta from October 29 to November 11, 2018 and will air sometime in 2019 on MTV. Wild 'n Out Nick Cannon Presents:\",\n \"title\": \"Wild 'n Out\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20327547\",\n \"text\": \"the initial airing on CMT. TVLand discontinued reruns of the series after episode five, but returned for the second half of the season. The season, like season five, was aired in two parts with the final eight episodes airing in the summer. The final eight episodes returned on June 7 and the season wrapped on July 26, 2018. The season wrap party was held on April 7, 2018. Filming wrapped on the finale three days later. The series received $5.7million in tax incentives from the state of Tennessee, the lowest of all seasons. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Nashville (season 6) The sixth and\",\n \"title\": \"Nashville (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076926\",\n \"text\": \"VH1 announced that the series would be returning after nearly four years off-air on April 17th, with Evelyn Lozada, Shaunie O'Neal, Tami Roman, Jackie Christie and Malaysia Pargo returning to the franchise. Brandi Maxiell, Elena Ahanzadeh, Saniy'yah Samaa, Keonna Green, Bonnie-Jill Laflin, Aja, Christen and Melissa Metoyer are also set to join the series as recurring cast members. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Basketball Wives (season 6) The sixth season of the reality television series \\\"Basketball Wives\\\" aired on VH1 from April 17, 2017 until August 14, 2017. The season was primarily filmed in Los Angeles, California. It was executively produced by Nick Emmerson,\",\n \"title\": \"Basketball Wives (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19539168\",\n \"text\": \"October 6 and October 13 respectively. Just like Season 1, It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3, Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth episodes shown on November 17, November 24, December 1 and December 8 respectively. Episode nine to eleven aired from February 9 to February 23, 2018. The twelfth episode was released on March 23, 2018. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season 2) was released on March 30, making 26 episodes total. These characters are the agents of M.A.T.A (\\\"Meta Advance Tactical Agency\\\"), a secret spy organization that possess advanced technologies and is responsible for keeping the peace\",\n \"title\": \"Ejen Ali\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16173409\",\n \"text\": \"The second season ran on HBO from January 13, 2013 to March 17, 2013. The third season, which contained 12 episodes as opposed to the previous seasons' 10 episodes, ran from January 12, 2014, to March 23, 2014. The fourth season of the series started filming in April 2014 and premiered on January 11, 2015. The fifth season premiered on February 21, 2016. \\\"Girls\\\" sixth and final season concluded on April 16, 2017, culminating in a total of 62 episodes. Since its release in 2012, the series has generated significant criticism over its lack of racial representation, depiction of sexual\",\n \"title\": \"Girls (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19491253\",\n \"text\": \"7, 2015. On April 6, 2016, Netflix announced that the series has been renewed for its second and third seasons. The second season was released on August 12, 2016, and the third season was released on October 14, 2016. Both consisted of six episodes. An extended 34-minute Valentine's Day special was released as the first and only episode of the fourth season on February 14, 2017. A fifth season consisting of five episodes was released on September 15, 2017. A sixth season, also consisting of five episodes, was released on November 7, 2017. The series is filmed primarily in and\",\n \"title\": \"Project Mc2\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15522998\",\n \"text\": \"It To Stevie\\\", starring Stevie J, would make its series premiere on December 19, 2016, back-to-back with the third season of \\\"K. Michelle: My Life\\\". On February 21, 2017, VH1 announced \\\"\\\" would be returning for a sixth season on March 6, 2017. On April 19, 2017, VH1 announced \\\"Joseline's Special Delivery\\\", a special documenting the birth of Joseline's child, which aired between the season's eighth and ninth episodes on May 1, 2017. Additionally, \\\"Dirty Little Secrets 2\\\", a special featuring unseen footage and deleted scenes, aired on May 10, 2017. On April 13, 2017, VH1 announced that season four\",\n \"title\": \"Love & Hip Hop\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10345336\",\n \"text\": \"price of $214,000. The cast features 15 major roles with star billing: 11 return from the fifth season, one returns from the fourth season after a year's absence, and three are new regular cast members. Unlike the latter half of the previous season, in which the cast was divided into two groups following two separate storylines, Season Six features an alternate universe scenario which the producers call \\\"flash-sideways,\\\" and almost all the main characters participate in both storylines. Returning from the fifth season are the survivors' leader Dr. Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox); former fugitive Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly); millionaire Hugo\",\n \"title\": \"Lost (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19861860\",\n \"text\": \"Central, Mountain, Alaska, and Hawaii-Aleutian times. From February 8 to February 25, 2018, NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea aired live in all time zones, encompassing all of primetime those days. The East Coast late night coverage after the late local news (around midnight ET/11 p.m. CT) at approximately 12:35 a.m. ET/11:35 p.m. CT was carried on the West Coast in primetime under the \\\"Prime Time Plus\\\" banner. Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2016–17:\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 United States network television schedule\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19721949\",\n \"text\": \"The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary. On May 1, 2018, the show moved to the Disney Channel, with new episodes airing on Fridays beginning May 4, 2018. In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017. The full series debuted on March 1, 2018 on Disney XD. In Indonesia,\",\n \"title\": \"DuckTales (2017 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19387443\",\n \"text\": \"point onwards (at Lynch's insistence). Overall, the series consists of 18 episodes. It concluded on September 3, 2017, with a two-part finale. In the United Kingdom, Sky Atlantic simulcast the first two episodes beginning at 2:00 am British Summer Time on May 22, 2017, and the next two episodes were released on Sky UK's on-demand service after the premiere. In the Nordic countries, the series is broadcast on HBO Nordic, with the two-hour premiere airing on May 22, and subsequent episodes being made available the day after its U.S. airing. In Canada, the series is available on CraveTV and The\",\n \"title\": \"Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12402404\",\n \"text\": \"on the Official Facebook page that the episode \\\"Meter Reading Chic\\\" would be the final episode of the show. On 4 January, 2016 however, it was announced that following a hiatus of three years the show would be returning for a sixth series, that was recorded in February and broadcast in April of that year. A seventh series was announced in June 2017 consisting of 4 episodes, to be broadcast in August and September 2017, and it was recommissioned again for an eighth series which was broadcast in August and September 2018. Recurring guest cast: Ramesh Majhu Ramesh is a\",\n \"title\": \"Fags, Mags and Bags\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18024780\",\n \"text\": \"was renewed for a sixth season in February 2013.The full cast, trailer and premiere date were released in January 2014 with a 30-minute special preview that aired on February 12, 2014. The season premiere \\\"If You Can Make It Here\\\" was aired on March 11, 2014, while the twentieth episode \\\"The Last Leg\\\" served as the season finale, and was aired on July 22, 2014. It was followed by a three-part reunion that aired on July 29, August 5 and August 12, 2014, which marked the conclusion of the season. Andrew Hoegl, Barrie Bernstein, Lisa Shannon, Pam Healy and Andy\",\n \"title\": \"The Real Housewives of New York City (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16395340\",\n \"text\": \"fourth prime-time series followed in January 2017, containing six episodes. These were broadcast weekly from 4 January to 8 February 2017, airing at 8:00pm on Wednesdays. The sixth series aired daily (on weekdays) from 3 to 14 April 2017, again at 11:00am. Again, each episode was repeated the next morning at 6:30am on BBC Two. The fifth prime-time series followed in July 2017, containing just three episodes. These were broadcast from 13 July to 23 August, again at 8:00pm on Wednesdays. The third series of half-hour reversions, containing highlights from the sixth series, aired daily (on weekdays) from 20 November\",\n \"title\": \"The Sheriffs Are Coming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19833530\",\n \"text\": \"It consists of 14 episodes, including a two-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker. On July 7, 2015, shortly after her release from prison, Remy Ma announced that she was joining the show for season six, along with her husband Papoose. On November 2, 2015, VH1 announced that \\\"\\\" would be returning for a sixth season on December 14, 2015. A 5-minute \\\"super-trailer\\\" was released on November 30, 2015. The cast would undergo a major cast change for the third time in the show's history, with only Yandy, Tara and Amina returning from last season's main cast. They were joined\",\n \"title\": \"Love & Hip Hop: New York (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20782977\",\n \"text\": \"Mira quién baila (season 6) Season six of \\\"Mira quién baila\\\" premiered on Univision and Las Estrellas on July 29, 2018 and concluded on September 16, 2018. It is the first season to air in Mexico. The TV series is the Spanish version of British version \\\"Strictly Come Dancing\\\" and American version \\\"Dancing with the Stars\\\". Ten celebrities are paired with ten professional ballroom dancers. Javier Poza and Chiquinquirá Delgado return as the show's hosts, while Joaquín Cortés, Lola Cortés, and season 5 winner Dayanara Torres joined as judges. The winner, Greeicy Rendón, received $25,000 for her charity and sponsored\",\n \"title\": \"Mira quién baila (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19672440\",\n \"text\": \"New Girl (season 6) The sixth season of the American comedy series \\\"New Girl\\\" premiered September 20, 2016 on Fox at 8:30pm (Eastern) and concluded on April 4, 2017. During the series, it moved to 8:00pm (Eastern) in early 2017. Developed by Elizabeth Meriwether under the working title \\\"Chicks & Dicks\\\", the series revolves around offbeat teacher Jess (Zooey Deschanel) after her moving into an LA loft with three men, Nick (Jake Johnson), Schmidt (Max Greenfield), and Winston (Lamorne Morris); Jess's best friend Cece (Hannah Simone) also appears regularly. The characters, who are in their early thirties, deal with maturing\",\n \"title\": \"New Girl (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2260950\",\n \"text\": \"produced by Nelvana and Treehouse in seasons 1–6, and 9 Story Media Group in seasons 3–5 in Canada, and Silver Lining Productions in seasons 1–3, and Chorion in season 4 in the United States. A sixth season of the series premiered on September 18, 2016, with a new main voice cast and theme song, and all new episodes being split into two 11 min. segments, rather than the original three 7 minute segment episodes. segments (see episode list for details). A seventh season of the series premiered on August 12, 2019; and again (like Season 6), in Season 7, the\",\n \"title\": \"Max & Ruby\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11720825\",\n \"text\": \"cast; however, several characters exited the show: Charlotte was written out early in the season in episode five, with Daniel being written out later in the antepenultimate episode. Season six saw several cast changes: Juliet was written out in the season premiere while three previous recurring characters were upgraded to starring status. These included Nestor Carbonell as mysterious, age-less Other Richard Alpert; Jeff Fahey as pilot Frank Lapidus; and Zuleikha Robinson as Ajira Airways Flight 316 survivor Ilana Verdansky. Additionally, former cast members Ian Somerhalder, Dominic Monaghan, Rebecca Mader, Jeremy Davies, Elizabeth Mitchell, Maggie Grace, Michelle Rodriguez, Harold Perrineau, and\",\n \"title\": \"Lost (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15821872\",\n \"text\": \"for Best Actor – Television Series Drama in 2015. On October 30, 2017, Netflix announced that the sixth season would be the final season, following sexual misconduct allegations against Spacey. On November 3, 2017, Netflix announced that Spacey had been fired from the show. On December 4, 2017, Netflix announced that an eight-episode sixth and final season would start production in early 2018 without Spacey's involvement. It was released on November 2, 2018. Frank Underwood, a power-hungry Democratic congressman from South Carolina and House majority whip, celebrates the election of President Garrett Walker, whose campaign he aided to get himself\",\n \"title\": \"House of Cards (U.S. TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20015849\",\n \"text\": \"including a two-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker. On February 21, 2017, VH1 announced \\\"\\\" would be returning for a sixth season on March 6, 2017. A 5-minute long \\\"super-trailer\\\" was released on February 27, 2017. With the exception of K. Michelle, despite persistent rumors of a mass firing, all main cast members from the previous season returned, along with Tommie Lee, who was promoted to the main cast. Social media personality Lovely Mimi joined the supporting cast, along with club promoter Melissa Scott, Kirk's alleged mistress Jasmine Washington, her lovers Rod Bullock and Keanna Arnold, beauty shop owner\",\n \"title\": \"Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20228897\",\n \"text\": \"an unexplained sense of loss. In August, it was revealed that Regina would be a bar owner named Roni, who is more dressed down and is \\\"no longer in charge.\\\" In March 2017, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were cast for unknown guest roles in the season six finale. During the episode, it was revealed that West was portraying an adult Henry Mills, while Fernandez portrayed his daughter, Lucy. After that episode's airing, they were confirmed as series regulars for season 7. On July 6, 2017, it was announced that Dania Ramirez and Gabrielle Anwar would be two additional\",\n \"title\": \"Hyperion Heights\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20318973\",\n \"text\": \"it moved to CTV for its fourth and final season, consisting of eight episodes. The first season originally aired from January 29 to April 2, 2014, while the second season aired from January 19 to March 23, 2015. A third season premiered on June 20, 2016, concluding on August 22, and the fourth season premiered on July 31, 2017, and concluded on September 18. In the United States, the series airs on the streaming service Acorn TV, with the first season premiering on January 18, 2016, the second on May 16, the third on October 24, and the fourth on\",\n \"title\": \"19-2 (2014 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14497955\",\n \"text\": \"on the Internet May 9, 2008. Season 2 premiered on the Internet January 9, 2009. Season 3 premiered on MavTV February 7, 2010. Season 4 premiered on MavTV July 4, 2010. Season 5 premiered on Pursuit Channel September 18, 2011. Season 6 premiered on Pursuit Channel in August 2013. Season 7 premiered on Youtoo America, in September 2015. Season 8 premiered on Youtoo America, in February 2018. Full episodes can be seen on Youtoo America, Rev'n, Untamed Sports TV, Biz Television, The Auto Channel, Wild TV, and on demand via Amazon Video, Amazon Fire TV, Roku, YouTube and iTunes. Past\",\n \"title\": \"Motorz TV\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16736792\",\n \"text\": \"finale to properly conclude the series, to air on December 20, 2018. Season 1 aired on NBC in the U.S. and on Global in Canada on Monday nights at 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific (9 p.m. Central). Season 2 aired on NBC and Global on Sunday nights at 10 p.m. EST/PST. (9 p.m. CST). Episodes can also be streamed online through NBC and Global's respective websites, as well as on Netflix in some countries. Episodes can also be streamed on Hulu in the United States. Starting from December 14, 2016, it aired in the UK on E4 every Wednesday at\",\n \"title\": \"Timeless (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14601402\",\n \"text\": \"VH1 announced the original series would return after a five-year hiatus with its sixth season premiered on April 17, 2017. Beginning with season six, the setting of the show relocated permanently to Los Angeles, effectively combining the casts of the original series and \\\"Basketball Wives LA\\\". On April 16, 2018, VH1 announced the show's return for a seventh season, which premiered on May 14, 2018. \\\"Basketball Wives\\\" debuted on April 11, 2010, with thirty-minute episodes. The second season premiered on December 12, 2010, with expanded sixty-minute episodes and featured new cast member Tami Roman. Season 3 made its debut on\",\n \"title\": \"Basketball Wives\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076925\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Basketball Wives\\\" debuted on April 11, 2010, with thirty-minute episodes. The second season premiered on December 12, 2010, with expanded sixty-minute episodes and featured new cast member Tami Roman. Season 3 made its debut on May 30, 2011, with new cast member Meeka Claxton. The fourth season premiered on February 20, 2012, with two new cast members, Kenya Bell and Kesha Nichols and the departure of Claxton. The fifth season premiered on August 19, 2013, with Tasha Marbury joining the cast. According to a tweet from Tami Roman, the show has been quietly though officially cancelled. On March 27, 2017,\",\n \"title\": \"Basketball Wives (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20782978\",\n \"text\": \"9 houses, intended for families affected by the 2017 Central Mexico earthquake. Mira quién baila (season 6) Season six of \\\"Mira quién baila\\\" premiered on Univision and Las Estrellas on July 29, 2018 and concluded on September 16, 2018. It is the first season to air in Mexico. The TV series is the Spanish version of British version \\\"Strictly Come Dancing\\\" and American version \\\"Dancing with the Stars\\\". Ten celebrities are paired with ten professional ballroom dancers. Javier Poza and Chiquinquirá Delgado return as the show's hosts, while Joaquín Cortés, Lola Cortés, and season 5 winner Dayanara Torres joined as\",\n \"title\": \"Mira quién baila (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19891040\",\n \"text\": \"in Germany, the series had its world premiere in Australia on Universal Channel on 13 November 2017. In France, the series premiered on TF1, beginning on 23 January 2018 and ending on 27 February 2018. In Germany, the series aired on VOX a day after the French broadcast. In the United Kingdom, the series premiered on Universal Channel on 19 March 2018. In the U.S., the series is set to be shown on WGN America, which acquired the rights to the series in June 2018, in early 2019. Kit \\\"Kick\\\" Lannigan survives a childhood abduction and is rescued by FBI\",\n \"title\": \"Gone (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18895747\",\n \"text\": \"Teen Wolf (season 6) The sixth season of \\\"Teen Wolf\\\", an American supernatural drama created by Jeff Davis and to some extent based on the 1985 film of the same name, received an order of 20 episodes on July 9, 2015, and premiered on November 15, 2016. The second half of the season premiered on July 30, 2017. Unlike the previous season, instead of telling a single story, the season was split into two 10-episode arcs, following the same format of the third season. On July 21, 2016, the cast announced at Comic Con that the series would end after\",\n \"title\": \"Teen Wolf (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5269380\",\n \"text\": \"Blu-ray July 21, 2009. A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016. The revival series, dubbed \\\"\\\", premiered on April 4, 2017, and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm. The season concluded on May 30, 2017. On December 12, 2017, Dominic Purcell announced via Instagram that season 6 is \\\"in the works.\\\" Then on January 4, 2018, Fox officially confirmed that season 6 is in early development. The first season follows the rescue of Lincoln Burrows, who is accused of murdering Terrence Steadman, the brother of Vice President of the United States, Caroline Reynolds. Lincoln is sentenced\",\n \"title\": \"Prison Break\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3650779\",\n \"text\": \"writing the sixth season as of Summer 2013, and that it would enter full-production in September 2013. They tentatively stated that Season 6 would premiere in Fall of 2014, or very early 2015 at the latest. This estimated season-debut date turned out to be extremely premature as Season 6 premiered at Midnight, February 1, 2016. Jackson Publick confirmed on Twitter that Season 7 of the Venture Brothers would be aired on Adult Swim in \\\"Summer\\\" 2018 . On June 27, it was confirmed via Adult Swim's Instagram page that Season 7 would begin August 5, 2018. Since the first season,\",\n \"title\": \"The Venture Bros.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19511780\",\n \"text\": \"the fall of 2016 and air on Tuesdays at 9:00 P.M. On November 4, 2016, CBS picked up the series for a full season of 22 episodes. An additional episode was ordered in November. On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a second season. which premiered on September 26, 2017. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a third season which is set to premiere on September 24, 2018. Michael Weatherly, Geneva Carr, Freddy Rodriguez, Chris Jackson and Jaime Lee Kirchner were part of the pilot's main cast. Annabelle Attanasio did not return for season three\",\n \"title\": \"Bull (2016 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16347841\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Nashville\\\" for a 16-episode sixth season that debuted on January 4, 2018. Filming began on September 27, 2017. On November 17, 2017, it was announced that the sixth season would be the show's final season, as CMT moved to all unscripted programming. The 124th and final episode aired on July 26, 2018. In the first episode, the series focuses on the rivalry of Rayna Jaymes and Juliette Barnes. Rayna Jaymes is the established \\\"Queen of Country Music\\\". However, her latest album is not selling well and her tour is playing to half empty venues. Her record label suggests that she\",\n \"title\": \"Nashville (2012 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16597382\",\n \"text\": \"Ray Donovan Ray Donovan is an American television crime drama series created by Ann Biderman for Showtime. The twelve-episode first season premiered on June 30, 2013. The pilot episode broke viewership records, becoming the biggest premiere of all time on Showtime. Showtime renewed the show for a fourth season, which premiered on June 26, 2016. On August 11, 2016, Showtime renewed the show for a fifth season, which premiered on August 6, 2017. On October 23, 2017, the series was renewed for a 12-episode sixth season, filmed in New York City, which premiered on October 28, 2018. The drama is\",\n \"title\": \"Ray Donovan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17014832\",\n \"text\": \"August 14, 2018. On September 11, 2018, OWN announced the fourth half of the season, which premiered on October 2, 2018, on October 9, 2018, OWN announced the countdown to the season 6 finale, set to air November 6, 2018. The series has been renewed for a seventh season which is now filming. The seventh season is set to premiere on January 8, 2019. The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich, powerful, and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families (dubbed \\\"The Haves\\\") and the poor and destitute\",\n \"title\": \"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20815995\",\n \"text\": \"Daisy Jones & The Six Daisy Jones & The Six is an upcoming American web TV series based on the upcoming book of the same name written by Taylor Jenkins Reid. The miniseries is set to consist of thirteen episodes and will air on Amazon Video. \\\"Daisy Jones & The Six\\\" follows \\\"a rock band in the 1970s from their rise in the LA music scene to becoming one of the most legendary bands in the world.\\\" The series was announced on July 25, 2018. The series is set to be written by writers Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber\",\n \"title\": \"Daisy Jones & The Six\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19100417\",\n \"text\": \"trans major character in a scripted television drama series in America, after Laverne Cox on \\\"Orange is the New Black\\\" and Jamie Clayton on \\\"Sense8\\\". On February 22, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 27, 2017 and crossed over with other Fox series \\\"Empire\\\". On May 10, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a third season. Season 3 premiered on September 26, 2018 and airs on Fox Wednesdays at 9:00 PM. Internationally, new episodes premiere on Netflix in Canada the following Thursday. Star Davis, a teenage orphan, leaves foster care to save her\",\n \"title\": \"Star (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19313870\",\n \"text\": \"K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\\\" had its worldwide television premiere in the US on Cartoon Network on August 1, 2017, and aired on sister network Boomerang from August 7 to September 1, 2017. In Canada, it premiered on August 1 on Cartoon Network and on September 4 on Teletoon. In Africa, the shorts were released on September 11 and the full series premiered on November 18, 2017. It premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 9, 2017. It premiered in Australia and New Zealand and the Philippines on January 6, 2018 and in Southeast Asia on January 20, 2018. A\",\n \"title\": \"OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18778093\",\n \"text\": \"on November 24, 2016. The remaining 10 episodes of the third season aired from January 21, 2017 to February 18, 2017. Four special episodes aired from June 26, 2017 to June 29, 2017, marking the end of the series. There is an English-language version of the series being broadcast in Middle Eastern regions, Nordic countries, Hungary and Czech Republic, and South Africa. In South Africa, Season 1 first aired from March 3, 2016 to May 26, 2016; Season 2 from July 7, 2016 to November 3, 2016; Season 3 Part 1 from April 3, 2017 to April 14, 2017; and\",\n \"title\": \"Alex & Co.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19832007\",\n \"text\": \"at the start of the show. The first episode of the Live shows was first broadcast on 4 June 2017. Australian sister band The Veronicas performed their new single \\\"The Only High\\\". The semi-finals will first broadcast on 25 June 2017. At the end of this episode, four artists will advance to the grand final, while the other four will be eliminated. Guest Performances Notes The Grand Finale was first broadcast on 2 July 2017. Notes The Voice (Australia season 6) The sixth season of \\\"The Voice\\\" began on 24 April 2017. Delta Goodrem was the only coach to reprise\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice (Australia season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19713428\",\n \"text\": \"to have been renewed for a sixth season following the announcement of Brandi Glanville's departure and filming had commenced in August 2015. The full cast, premiere date and trailer were announced on November 5, 2015. The season premiere \\\"Life's a Pitch\\\" was aired on December 1, 2015, while the twentieth episode \\\"Who Do You Believe?\\\" served as the season finale, and was aired on April 12, 2016. It was followed by a three-part reunion that aired on April 19, April 26 and May 3, 2016 and a \\\"Secrets Revealed\\\" episode on May 10, 2016, which marked the conclusion of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1614736\",\n \"text\": \"with the original Law & Order but stopped after the first episode. The first season later moved to Nine's sister channel Gem on Sunday nights as of February 25, 2018 at 9:10pm with double episodes before moving to single episodes, and later reairing them in the early hours of Monday morning. Gem is currently airing the second season. Season 19 premiered on Network Ten on October 5, 2017 at 9:40pm. As of September 2017, the show is rerun on fellow NBCUniversal network USA, as well as Ion Television, MyNetworkTV's Monday evening lineup, and local stations. The show also briefly ran\",\n \"title\": \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20468037\",\n \"text\": \"that FremantleMedia was in talks to revive the show for NBC or for its original network, Fox. A dispute between Fremantle and Core Media Group derailed these plans. Then, in May 2017, it was announced that ABC was making a bid to revive the program. Later, ABC announced that it had acquired the rights to the series, and that \\\"American Idol\\\" would return for the 2017–18 television season. On November 6, 2017, it was announced that the revival season would premiere on March 11, 2018. On July 20, 2017, it was announced on \\\"Live with Kelly and Ryan\\\", that Ryan\",\n \"title\": \"American Idol (season 16)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10345339\",\n \"text\": \"Mitchell returns as fertility specialist Dr. Juliet Burke, Dominic Monaghan returns as deceased rock star Charlie Pace, and Jeremy Davies returns as deceased physicist Daniel Faraday. Ian Somerhalder reprises his role as deceased Flight 815 crash survivor Boone Carlyle, as does Rebecca Mader as anthropologist Charlotte Lewis. Harold Perrineau and Cynthia Watros, who portray Michael Dawson and Libby Smith, respectively, return in the second half of the season. About the return of Libby, Cuse stated, \\\"Finally, all of your questions [about Libby] will be answered\\\", however, Lindelof jokingly responded, \\\"No, they will not\\\". Michelle Rodriguez, another second season star, returns\",\n \"title\": \"Lost (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17898151\",\n \"text\": \"at the end of Series 1 that the show would return for a second series, with both Suranne Jones and Bertie Carvel. At the 21st National Television Awards Jones announced that the new series began filming in September 2016. The second series started on 5 September 2017 and concluded on 3 October 2017. The BBC is yet to confirm whether the show will return for a third series although writer Mike Bartlett does not dismiss the possibility. In general, the show has received acclaim. The opening episode received generally positive reviews from critics, with Lucy Mangan from the \\\"Guardian\\\" calling\",\n \"title\": \"Doctor Foster (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"365740\",\n \"text\": \"season, Wright was nominated for her fifth consecutive Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress – Drama. For the years 2014, 2016, and 2017, Wright received Best Actress in a Drama Series nominations for the Critics' Choice Television Awards, with her being the only nomination for the show in December 2017. In October 2017, Wright was set as the show's new lead, following sexual misconduct allegations against Spacey, which resulted in him being fired from the sixth and final season. In 2017, Wright played General Antiope in \\\"Wonder Woman\\\" (2017), alongside Gal Gadot and Chris Pine. She appears in the\",\n \"title\": \"Robin Wright\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17369022\",\n \"text\": \"the premiere of the fifth season, Starz renewed the show for a sixth season, set to air in 2019. In Australia, all episodes are available to stream after their US airing on Stan. The show is available weekly after its US airing on Netflix in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In Scandinavia and Finland, all episodes are available to stream on HBO Nordic. Season 1 of \\\"Power\\\" received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Metacritic gives the season a score of 57 out of 100, based on 15 reviews, indicating a mixed reaction to the series. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes\",\n \"title\": \"Power (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1580810\",\n \"text\": \"Fremantle Media was in talks to revive the show for NBC or for its original network, Fox. A dispute between Fremantle and Core Media Group derailed these plans. In May 2017, ABC was making a bid to revive the program. ABC acquired the rights to the series, and that \\\"American Idol\\\" would return for the 2017–18 television season. Katy Perry, Luke Bryan and Lionel Richie were the three judges and Ryan Seacrest returned as host. The revival season premiered on March 11, 2018. On May 21, 2018 the season concluded, crowning Maddie Poppe winner and Caleb Lee Hutchinson runner-up. ABC\",\n \"title\": \"American Idol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18568897\",\n \"text\": \"not have an onscreen role. On March 11, 2016, it was announced that Marycarmen Lopez also was cast as regular. On August 1, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season ahead of its television premiere which aired in a two-night premiere on June 20 and June 21, 2017. The second season premiered on OWN in a two episode special on June 20 and 21, 2017. The show was renewed for a third season on July 26, 2017. The third season premiered in a two-night special on May 29 and May 30, 2018. On August 8, 2018, the series\",\n \"title\": \"Queen Sugar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8287723\",\n \"text\": \"season six, Billy Brown was cast as transferred-in Detective Mike Anderson to replace Debra after her promotion to lieutenant. Josh Cooke played Louis Greene, a lab tech and Masuka's intern, in seasons six and seven, and Darri Ingolfsson played Oliver Saxon in season eight. The main creative forces behind the series were executive producers Daniel Cerone, Clyde Phillips, and Melissa Rosenberg. Cerone left the show after its second season. Executive producer and showrunner Phillips departed the series, after a record-setting season-four finale, to spend more time with his family; \\\"24\\\" co-executive producer Chip Johannessen took over Phillips' post. Head writer\",\n \"title\": \"Dexter (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17191921\",\n \"text\": \"Boone). The series also stars Diego Klattenhoff, Ryan Eggold, and Harry Lennix. The pilot episode was written by Jon Bokenkamp and directed by Joe Carnahan. Executive producers for the series include Bokenkamp, John Eisendrath, and John Davis for Sony Pictures Television, Universal Television, and Davis Entertainment. On May 12, 2018, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which is set to premiere on January 3, 2019. The series has received positive reviews, with many critics praising Spader's performance in particular. Raymond \\\"Red\\\" Reddington, a former US Naval Intelligence officer who had disappeared twenty years earlier to become one of\",\n \"title\": \"The Blacklist (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16517629\",\n \"text\": \"was promoted to executive producer. On October 29, the fourth episode of the season, \\\"Portrait of a Lady Alexander\\\", was rescheduled for November 5, due to Hurricane Sandy. Blake Lively, Leighton Meester, Penn Badgley, Chace Crawford, Ed Westwick, Kaylee DeFer, Kelly Rutherford, and Matthew Settle all returned as series regulars. Michelle Trachtenberg was upgraded to a guest-starring role for this season. Former recurring star, Desmond Harrington and Robert John Burke, also returned as guest stars for the season. On July 7, 2012, actress Andrea Gabriel, known for her role on \\\"Lost\\\", had been cast as a businesswoman from Dubai. \\\"7th\",\n \"title\": \"Gossip Girl (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18967485\",\n \"text\": \"for a second season. Production began in June 2012 and ended in August 2012. The third season was announced on March 1, 2016 and it premiered on March 11, 2016. The fourth season began filming on April 20, 2017 and finished filming on June 13, 2017. The season premiered on November 3, 2017 on the new Keshet 12 channel. The fifth season began filming on March 25, 2018 and finished filming on May 22, 2018. The sixth season was announced by Yaniv Polishook on November 26, 2018. In April 7, 2015 the show premiered in United States under the title\",\n \"title\": \"Sabri Maranan (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19672441\",\n \"text\": \"relationships and career choices. \\\"New Girl\\\" was renewed for a sixth season on April 12, 2016. The season premiere marked Zooey Deschanel's directorial debut with the episode picking up three months after the events of the season five finale. TVLine confirmed Megan Fox's return midseason in an eight episode arc. At the 2016 Television Critics Association Summer Tour, FOX announced that this season would include a one-hour crossover with \\\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\\\", which aired on October 11. Only Deschanel appears on \\\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\\\", while Andy Samberg, Andre Braugher, Joe Lo Truglio and Chelsea Peretti appear on \\\"New Girl\\\". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> New Girl\",\n \"title\": \"New Girl (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409773\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Dallas Desperados season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17615526\",\n \"text\": \"2016. It premiered in the UK on 12 April 2016 and was made available via Sky's On Demand service. The renewal for a third and final series was announced on 20 January 2017 entitled \\\"The Tunnel: Vengeance\\\" and consisting of six episodes. It began filming in March 2017 and premiered on Sky Atlantic on 14 December 2017, with all episodes released on the same day. Canal+ did not announce a corresponding date for France at the time of the UK release. Season 3 premiered on Canal+ on 4 June 2018. In the United States, the first season aired on many\",\n \"title\": \"The Tunnel (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14195696\",\n \"text\": \"to begin filming in London in 2016. On April 11, 2016, Season 5 was confirmed to be the show's last; it consists of seven episodes and premiered on August 20, 2017. The series finale, Season 5's \\\"Episode Seven\\\", aired on October 8, 2017. \\\"Episodes\\\" has received positive reviews by critics, with specific praise being given to the performances of stars Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Greig, and Matt LeBlanc. For his performance in the series Matt LeBlanc won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards. After married\",\n \"title\": \"Episodes (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10565752\",\n \"text\": \"parents abandon her at the hospital to focus on their son. Naomi decides to take Betsey home with her forever. At the end of the Season Four finale, Naomi chases Fife to the airport and says goodbye to Addison. Fife proposes to Naomi and she says yes but also says they are moving to New York so she, Fife, and Betsey can live nice normal lives. This is the last time Naomi appears as a series regular in the show, although she does return for the season six finale which is also the series finale. Naomi was created by Shonda\",\n \"title\": \"Naomi Bennett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2007217\",\n \"text\": \"both eventually letting the rights lapse. The streaming service Hulu later picked up the show, in anticipation of the show's revival in 2017, with the entire series also carried on NBC.com. Around the same time, NBC's classic subchannel network Cozi TV picked up the series and airs it four times nightly, and promotes it as \\\"The Original Series\\\" to avert confusion with the current-day run. In the United Kingdom, the series was aired on Channel 4 up until its season finale in 2006. It was confirmed on 4 December 2017 that the series would premiere in January 2018 on Channel\",\n \"title\": \"Will & Grace\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17983856\",\n \"text\": \"Younger (TV series) Younger is an American comedy-drama television series created and produced by Darren Star, based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Pamela Redmond Satran. The single-camera series stars Sutton Foster as the lead character, with Hilary Duff, Debi Mazar, Miriam Shor, Nico Tortorella, Molly Bernard and Peter Hermann co-starring in other main roles. The series premiered on March 31, 2015, on TV Land and received generally positive reviews from critics. The fifth season premiered on June 5, 2018. On June 4, 2018, the show was renewed for a sixth season. On September 5, 2018, Viacom\",\n \"title\": \"Younger (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1494367\",\n \"text\": \"9, 2017, season 5 was premiered and the sixth season premiered on July 27, 2018. In November 2013, Netflix and Marvel Television announced a five-season deal to produce live action Marvel superhero-focused series: Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist and Luke Cage. The deal involves the release of four 13-episode seasons that culminate in a mini-series called \\\"The Defenders\\\". \\\"Daredevil\\\" and \\\"Jessica Jones\\\" premiered in 2015. The \\\"Luke Cage\\\" series premiered on September 30, 2016, followed by \\\"Iron Fist\\\" on March 17, 2017 and \\\"The Defenders\\\" on August 18, 2017. In April 2016 the Netflix series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe\",\n \"title\": \"Netflix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10411020\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Nashville Kats season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20355640\",\n \"text\": \"SC6 (sports program) SC6, also known as The Six, was a rebranded hour of the ESPN program \\\"SportsCenter\\\". The program aired weekdays at 6:00 p.m. ET and was hosted by former \\\"His & Hers\\\" duo Michael Smith and Jemele Hill. The show featured some elements from \\\"His & Hers\\\" and, like \\\"SportsCenter with SVP\\\", is more freeform than other editions of \\\"SportsCenter\\\". In addition, SC6 focused on the night ahead in sports, as well as breaking sports news as warranted. \\\"SC6\\\" was created to boost \\\"SportsCenter\\\"s ratings in the 6 PM hour. On Monday, October 9, 2017, after calling for\",\n \"title\": \"SC6 (sports program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19322147\",\n \"text\": \"of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes. The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. A seventh season premiered on August 10, 2018 and consists of thirteen episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. The eighth and final season premiered on December 14, 2018, and consists of thirteen episodes. For millennia, the Galra Empire has plagued the universe by destroying other civilizations and enslaving various races.\",\n \"title\": \"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13437955\",\n \"text\": \"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 6) So You Think You Can Dance, also known as SYTYCD, is a United States television reality program and dance competition airing on the Fox Broadcasting Company network. Season six premiered on Wednesday, September 9, 2009, with Nigel Lythgoe and Mary Murphy returning as permanent judges and Cat Deeley returning to host. Season six is the first to air during the fall season, immediately following the summer airing of season five. Live shows began airing October 26 and the season finale aired on December 16. Russell Ferguson, the first krumper to make\",\n \"title\": \"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19872785\",\n \"text\": \"second season, premiered March 24, 2017, after a DCOM, called \\\"\\\", premiered March 10, 2017. \\\"Liv and Maddie\\\" aired its final episode on March 24, 2017 after four seasons. \\\"Andi Mack\\\", premiered April 7, 2017. \\\"\\\", a show based on the characters of the 2012 movie of the same name, premiered June 25, 2017. \\\"Raven's Home\\\", a spin-off of \\\"That's So Raven\\\", premiered July 21, 2017, after the premiere of \\\"Descendants 2\\\". On February 2 2018, \\\"K.C. Undercover\\\" aired its final episode (actually two produced episodes broadcast as a one-hour episode) after three seasons. Disney XD series \\\"DuckTales\\\", \\\"\\\", and\",\n \"title\": \"History of Disney Channel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19607340\",\n \"text\": \"Homeland (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series \\\"Homeland\\\" premiered on January 15, 2017, and concluded on April 9, 2017, on Showtime, consisting of 12 episodes. The series started as a loosely based variation of the two-season run of the Israeli television series \\\"Hatufim\\\" (English: \\\"Prisoners of War\\\") created by Gideon Raff and is developed for American television by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa. The sixth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on February 6, 2018. Taking place several months after the previous season, Carrie Mathison is back in the United States, living in Brooklyn,\",\n \"title\": \"Homeland (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19273586\",\n \"text\": \"2015. The series was ordered for production in November 2015 with a ten-episode order. A sneak peek aired on January 1, 2017, with the official premiere on January 2, 2017. On January 10, 2017, Freeform renewed the series for a second season; season 2 premiered on January 18, 2018, with a double episode. The 10-episode second season's finale aired March 22, 2018. The entire first season was released on digital platforms, such as OnDemand, the Freeform App and website, and Hulu, on January 2, 2017. A recap special entitled \\\"Beyond: What Lies Ahead\\\" aired on December 28, 2017, and drew\",\n \"title\": \"Beyond (2017 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7533388\",\n \"text\": \"Callisto on the Disney Junior animated series \\\"Miles from Tomorrowland\\\". In 2016, Munn was cast as Elizabeth Braddock / Psylocke (one of Apocalypse's Four Horsemen) in \\\"\\\" and will reprise the role in 2019's \\\"X-Men: Dark Phoenix\\\". Beginning in 2017, she has a starring role in the television series \\\"Six\\\" as a CIA operative. In 2018, Munn appeared on Season 13 of America's Got Talent as a guest judge in the Judge Cuts 2 episode. Munn has appeared in advertising campaigns for Nike, Pepsi and Neutrogena. She appeared on the Fall 2006 cover of \\\"Foam\\\" magazine in September, in \\\"Men's\",\n \"title\": \"Olivia Munn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19745069\",\n \"text\": \"season of the series. This season also contains the show's 200th episode “The Vegging”. On June 22, 2016, Cartoon Network renewed the series for a sixth season. This is the last season where Donielle T. Hansley Jr. voices Darwin. He voices Darwin until Christian J. Simon takes the role in \\\"The Anybody\\\". The sixth season production began on July 13, 2017 and ended on October 24, 2018. Ben Bocquelet, retweeted an article stating that the sixth season would be its last, though the author of that article made a follow up article clarifying that there could still be more seasons.\",\n \"title\": \"The Amazing World of Gumball (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4231722\",\n \"text\": \"into the second season; he then assumed a recurring status afterward and then he later returned for the third season before moving onto another show. He played Detective Luisito Calderon on the short-lived U.S. remake of \\\"Prime Suspect\\\". Acevedo appeared on \\\"The Walking Dead\\\" on November 24, 2013. He has starred in the Syfy television series \\\"12 Monkeys\\\". Acevedo was cast in a recurring role in the sixth season of The CW television series \\\"Arrow\\\" in August 2017 as Ricardo Diaz and was promoted to series regular during season seven. In 1999, Acevedo won an ALMA Award for his role\",\n \"title\": \"Kirk Acevedo\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when is the show six coming back on"}}},{"rowIdx":97,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["in the early 2nd century"],"string":"[\n \"in the early 2nd century\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"93749","text":"use of the term \"Catholic Christian\" exclusively to those who followed the same faith as Pope Damasus I of Rome and Pope Peter of Alexandria. Numerous other early writers including Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 315–386), Augustine of Hippo (354–430) further developed the use of the term \"catholic\" in relation to Christianity. The earliest recorded evidence of the use of the term \"Catholic Church\" is the \"Letter to the Smyrnaeans\" that Ignatius of Antioch wrote in about 107 to Christians in Smyrna. Exhorting Christians to remain closely united with their bishop, he wrote: \"Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"3012144","text":"refusal to ordain women, as well as the handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy. Catholic (from ) was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century. The first known use of the phrase \"the catholic church\" ( \"he katholike ekklesia\") occurred in the letter written about 110 AD from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans. In the \"Catechetical Lectures\" () of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name \"Catholic Church\" was used to distinguish it from other groups that also called themselves \"the church\". The \"Catholic\" notion was further stressed in the edict \"De fide Catolica\"","title":"Catholic Church"},{"id":"93748","text":"wrote in about 108 to Christians in Smyrna. Exhorting Christians to remain closely united with their bishop, he wrote: \"Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church.\" From the second half of the second century, the word \"catholic\" began to be used to mean \"orthodox\" (non-heretical), \"because Catholics claimed to teach the whole truth, and to represent the whole Church, while heresy arose out of the exaggeration of some one truth and was essentially partial and local\". In 380, Emperor Theodosius I limited","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93742","text":"Catholic (term) The word catholic (with lowercase \"c\"; derived via Late Latin \"catholicus\", from the Greek adjective (\"katholikos\"), meaning \"universal\") comes from the Greek phrase (\"katholou\"), meaning \"on the whole\", \"according to the whole\" or \"in general\", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning \"about\" and meaning \"whole\". The term Catholic (usually written with uppercase \"C\" in English) was first used to describe the Christian Church in the early 2nd century to emphasize its universal scope. In the context of Christian ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages. The word in English can mean either \"of","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93746","text":"catholic and apostolic Church.\" During the medieval and modern times, additional distinctions arose regarding the use of the terms \"Western Catholic\" and \"Eastern Catholic\". Before the East–West Schism, those terms had just the basic geographical meanings, since only one undivided Catholicity existed, uniting the Latin speaking Christians of West and the Greek speaking Christians of the East. After the split of 1054 terminology became much more complicated, resulting in the creation of parallel and conflicting terminological systems. The Greek adjective \"katholikos\", the origin of the term \"catholic\" means \"universal\". Directly from the Greek, or via Late Latin \"catholicus\", the term","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93767","text":"language, the first known use of the term is in Andrew of Wyntoun's \"Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland\", \"He was a constant Catholic/All Lollard he hated and heretic.\" The Catholic Church, led by the Pope in Rome, usually distinguishes itself from other churches by calling itself the \"Catholic\", however has also used the description \"Roman Catholic\". Even apart from documents drawn up jointly with other churches, it has sometimes, in view of the central position it attributes to the See of Rome, adopted the adjective \"Roman\" for the whole church, Eastern as well as Western, as in the papal encyclicals \"Divini","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"13704014","text":"the Middle Ages – often connoting the local particular church of the Diocese of Rome – the first known occurrence of \"Roman Catholic\" as a synonym for \"Catholic Church\" was in communication with the Armenian Apostolic Church in 1208, after the East–West Schism. Following the pejorative term \"papist\", attested in English since 1534, the terms \"Popish Catholic\" and \"Romish Catholic\" came into use during the Protestant Reformation. During the 17th century, \"Roman Catholic Church\" was often used as a synonym for the Catholic Church, especially where Protestants and Anglicans dominated demographically. Although its usage has since changed over the centuries,","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93747","text":"\"catholic\" entered many other languages, becoming the base for the creation of various theological terms such as \"catholicism\" and \"catholicity\" (Late Latin \"catholicismus\", \"catholicitas\"). The term \"catholicism\" is the English form of Late Latin \"catholicismus\", an abstract noun based on the adjective \"catholic\". The Modern Greek equivalent (\"\") is back-formed and usually refers to the Catholic Church. The terms \"catholic\", \"catholicism\" and \"catholicity\" is closely related to the use of the term \"Catholic Church\". (See Catholic Church (disambiguation) for more uses.) The earliest evidence of the use of that term is the \"Letter to the Smyrnaeans\" that Ignatius of Antioch","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"6990141","text":"and which the Father, of His goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes\". The letter is also the earliest recorded evidence of the use of the term \"Catholic Church\". Letter to the Smyrnaeans The Letter to the Smyrnaeans (often simply called Smyrnaeans) was written by Saint Ignatius of Antioch around AD 107 to the Early Christians in Smyrna. Among other things, the letter contains the earliest recorded evidence of the use of the term \"Catholic Church\". It mentions the resurrection of Jesus: (2:1a) \"Now, he suffered all these things for our","title":"Letter to the Smyrnaeans"},{"id":"93776","text":"the Creed with the word \"Christian\" in place of \"catholic\". The Orthodox churches share some of the concerns about Roman Catholic papal claims, but disagree with some Protestants about the nature of the church as one body. Catholic (term) The word catholic (with lowercase \"c\"; derived via Late Latin \"catholicus\", from the Greek adjective (\"katholikos\"), meaning \"universal\") comes from the Greek phrase (\"katholou\"), meaning \"on the whole\", \"according to the whole\" or \"in general\", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning \"about\" and meaning \"whole\". The term Catholic (usually written with uppercase \"C\" in English) was first used","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93751","text":"p. 76). So too the letter of the Church of Smyrna is addressed to all the congregations of the Holy Catholic Church in every place. And this primitive sense of 'universal' the word has never lost, although in the latter part of the second century it began to receive the secondary sense of 'orthodox' as opposed to 'heretical'. Thus it is used in an early Canon of Scripture, the Muratorian fragment (\"circa\" 170 A.D.), which refers to certain heretical writings as 'not received in the Catholic Church'. So too Cyril of Jerusalem, in the fourth century, says that the Church","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93764","text":"complicated, resulting in the creation of parallel and confronting terminological systems that exist today in all of their complexity. During the Early Modern period, a special term \"Acatholic\" was widely used in the West to mark all those who were considered to hold heretical theological views and irregular ecclesiastical practices. In the time of Counter-Reformation the term \"Acatholic\" was used by zealous members of the Catholic Church to designate Protestants as well as Eastern Orthodox Christians. The term was considered to be so insulting that the Council of the Serbian Orthodox Church, held in Temeswar in 1790, decided to send","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93753","text":"and died, saying instead that \"he only seemed to suffer\" (Smyrnaeans, 2), were not really Christians. The term is also used in the \"Martyrdom of Polycarp\" (155) and in the Muratorian fragment (about 177). As mentioned in the above quotation from J.H. Srawley, Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 315–386), who is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion, distinguished what he called the \"Catholic Church\" from other groups who could also refer to themselves as an ἐκκλησία (assembly or church): Since the word Ecclesia is applied to different things (as also","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"3012146","text":"\"Roman Church\" has been used to describe the pope's Diocese of Rome since the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages (6th–10th century), the \"Roman Catholic Church\" has been applied to the whole church in English language since the Protestant Reformation in the late 16th century. \"Roman Catholic\" has occasionally appeared also in documents produced both by the Holy See, notably applied to certain national episcopal conferences, and local dioceses. The name \"Catholic Church\" for the whole church is used in the \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\" (1990), and the Code of Canon Law (1983).","title":"Catholic Church"},{"id":"93750","text":"multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church.\" Of the meaning for Ignatius of this phrase J.H. Srawley wrote: This is the earliest occurrence in Christian literature of the phrase 'the Catholic Church' (ἡ καθολικὴ ἐκκλησία). The original sense of the word is 'universal'. Thus Justin Martyr (\"Dial\". 82) speaks of the 'universal or general resurrection', using the words ἡ καθολικὴ ἀνάστασις. Similarly here the Church universal is contrasted with the particular Church of Smyrna. Ignatius means by the Catholic Church 'the aggregate of all the Christian congregations' (Swete, \"Apostles Creed\",","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"204503","text":"to describe the church, writing: It is from the word \"katholikos\" (\"according to the whole\") that the word \"catholic\" comes. When Ignatius wrote the Letter to the Smyrnaeans in about the year 107 and used the word \"catholic\", he used it as if it were a word already in use to describe the Church. This has led many scholars to conclude that the appellation \"Catholic Church\" with its ecclesial connotation may have been in use as early as the last quarter of the First century. On the Eucharist, he wrote in his letter to the Smyrnaeans: In his letter addressed","title":"Ignatius of Antioch"},{"id":"77289","text":"mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from country clergy. This meaning of the word spread rapidly, and from the 9th century various episcopal cities had a special class among the clergy known as cardinals. The use of the title was reserved for the cardinals of Rome in 1567 by Pius V. In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius","title":"Cardinal (Catholic Church)"},{"id":"13704017","text":"in the documents of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the First Vatican Council (1869–1870), the Council of Trent (1545–1563), and numerous other official documents. The last official magisterium document to use \"Roman Catholic Church\" was issued by Pope Pius XII in 1950. This preference also usually appears on the website of the Holy See. \"Catholic Church\" and \"Catholic(s)\" is also broadly reflected in academia, as well as in most English-language media. The terms \"Romish Catholic\" and \"Roman Catholic\", along with \"Popish Catholic\", were brought into use in the English language chiefly by adherents of the Church of England. The reign","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93769","text":"Church has always considered itself to be the historic Catholic Church, and consider all others as \"non-Catholics\". This practice is an application of the belief that not all who claim to be Christians are part of the Catholic Church, as Ignatius of Antioch, the earliest known writer to use the term \"Catholic Church\", considered that certain heretics who called themselves Christians only seemed to be such. Regarding the relations with Eastern Christians, Pope Benedict XVI stated his wish to restore full unity with the Orthodox. The Roman Catholic Church considers that almost all of the ancient theological differences have been","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93766","text":"then also to the teaching of the church fathers and the councils\". The term \"Catholic\" is commonly associated with the whole of the church led by the Roman Pontiff, the Catholic Church. Other Christian churches that use the description \"Catholic\" include the Eastern Orthodox Church and other churches that believe in the historic episcopate (bishops), such as the Anglican Communion. Many of those who apply the term \"Catholic Church\" to all Christians object to the use of the term to designate what they view as only one church within what they understand as the \"whole\" Catholic Church. In the English","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93757","text":"law to assume the title \"Catholic\" Christians; but as for the others, since in our judgment they are foolish madmen, we decree that they shall be branded with the ignominious name of heretics, and shall not presume to give their conventicles the name of churches. They will suffer in the first place the chastisement of the divine condemnation, and in the second the punishment which our authority, in accordance with the will of heaven, will decide to inflict. Theodosian Code XVI.i.2 Only slightly later, Saint Augustine of Hippo (354–430) also used the term \"Catholic\" to distinguish the \"true\" church from","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"13153161","text":"the American Revolutionary War in 1783, there were approximately 24,000 to 25,000 Catholics in the United States out of a total population of approximately 3 million. Catholicism first came to the territories now forming the United States before the Protestant Reformation with the Spanish explorers and settlers in present-day Florida (1513), South Carolina (1566), Georgia (1568–1684), and the southwest. The first Catholic Mass held in the current United States was in 1526 by Dominican friars Fr. Antonio de Montesinos and Fr. Anthony de Cervantes, who ministered to the San Miguel de Gualdape colonists for the 3 months the colony existed.","title":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"13704019","text":"to the Spanish Match in the 1620s. There was, however, significant tension between Anglicans and Roman Catholics at the time (as reflected in the Test Act for public office). Even today, the Act of Settlement 1701 still prohibits Roman Catholics from becoming English monarchs. The official and popular uses of the term \"Roman Catholic\" in the English language grew in the 18th century. Up to the reign of George III, Catholics in Britain who recognized the Pope as head of the Church had generally been designated in official documents as \"Papists\". In 1792, however, this phraseology was changed and, in","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"13704018","text":"of Elizabeth I of England at the end of the 16th century was marked by conflicts in Ireland. Those opposed to English rule forged alliances with those against the Protestant Reformation, making the term \"Roman Catholic\" almost synonymous with being Irish during that period, although that usage changed significantly over time. Like the term \"Anglican\", the term \"Roman Catholic\" only came into widespread use in the English language in the 17th century. The terms \"Romish Catholic\" and \"Roman Catholic\" were both in use in the 17th century and \"Roman Catholic\" was used in some official documents, such as those relating","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"13704016","text":"ecumenical dialogue where the dialogue partner had a reason to prefer this usage. It is also used for instance in wordings such as Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, referring to the Diocese of Rome. However, the last official magisterium document to use \"Roman Catholic Church\" was issued by Pope Pius XII in 1950. The use of \"Catholic Church\" is usually preferred by the Holy See and most of its adherents. The name \"Catholic Church\" for the whole church is used in the \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\" (1990), and the Code of Canon Law (1983). It was equivally applied","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"2129255","text":"that the Gospel must extend to the ends of the earth and to all nations, that the church is open to all peoples and must not be divided, etc. The first recorded application of \"catholic\" or \"universal\" to the church is by Ignatius of Antioch in about 107 in his Epistle to the Smyrnaeans, chapter VIII. \"Wherever the bishop appears, there let the people be; as wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church.\" Church Fathers like Ignatius of Antioch, Irenaeus, Tertullian and Cyprian held to the view that the Christian Church was a visible entity, not an invisible","title":"Christian Church"},{"id":"13704030","text":"the Council's official documents about the Church herself, and the term was not included.\" The name \"Roman Catholic Church\" is occasionally used by popes, bishops, other clergy and laity, who do not see it as opprobrious or having the suggested overtone. The use of \"Roman\", \"Holy\", and \"Apostolic\" are accepted by the Church as descriptive names. At the time of the 16th-century Reformation, the Church itself \"claimed the word catholic as its title over Protestant or Reformed churches\". It believes that it is the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. Throughout the years, in various instances, official church documents have","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93755","text":"cities, inquire not simply where the Lord's House is (for the other sects of the profane also attempt to call their own dens houses of the Lord), nor merely where the Church is, but where is the Catholic Church. For this is the peculiar name of this Holy Church, the mother of us all, which is the spouse of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Only-begotten Son of God(Catechetical Lectures, XVIII, 26). Theodosius I, Emperor from 379 to 395, declared \"Catholic\" Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire, declaring in the Edict of Thessalonica of 27 February 380: It is","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93763","text":"and promoted by famous Eastern Orthodox canonist Theodore Balsamon who was patriarch of Antioch. He wrote in 1190: On the other side of the widening rift, Eastern Orthodox were considered by western theologians to be \"Schismatics\". Relations between East and West were further estranged by the tragic events of the Massacre of the Latins in 1182 and Sack of Constantinople in 1204. Those bloody events were followed by several failed attempts to reach reconciliation (see: Second Council of Lyon, Council of Florence, Union of Brest, Union of Uzhhorod). During the late medieval and early modern period, terminology became much more","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93743","text":"the Catholic faith\" or \"relating to the historic doctrine and practice of the Western Church\". Many Christians use it to refer more broadly to the whole Christian Church or to all believers in Jesus Christ regardless of denominational affiliation; it can also more narrowly refer to Catholicity, which encompasses several historic churches sharing major beliefs. \"Catholicos\", the title used for the head of some churches in Eastern Christian traditions, is derived from the same linguistic origin. In non-ecclesiastical use, it derives its English meaning directly from its root, and is currently used to mean the following: The term has been","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"6990139","text":"Letter to the Smyrnaeans The Letter to the Smyrnaeans (often simply called Smyrnaeans) was written by Saint Ignatius of Antioch around AD 107 to the Early Christians in Smyrna. Among other things, the letter contains the earliest recorded evidence of the use of the term \"Catholic Church\". It mentions the resurrection of Jesus: (2:1a) \"Now, he suffered all these things for our sake, that we might be saved. And he truly suffered, even as he truly raised himself up; not as certain unbelievers say, that he suffered in semblance, they themselves only existing in semblance.\" The term translated \"semblance\" is","title":"Letter to the Smyrnaeans"},{"id":"3253217","text":"epistles' are used. In the historical context, the word \"Catholic\" probably signified that the letters were addressed to the general church, and not to specific, separate congregations or persons, as with the Pauline epistles. However, 2 John and 3 John appear to contradict this view, because their addresses are respectively to the \"elect lady\", speculated by many to be the church itself, and to \"Gaius\", about whom there has been much speculation but little in the way of conclusive proof as to his identity. Some historians therefore think that the label \"Catholic\" was originally applied to just 1 John, and","title":"Catholic epistles"},{"id":"13704047","text":"two earlier documents that the council stated had applied the phrase \"Roman Church\" to the Church itself, the church \"governed by the successor of Saint Peter and by the bishops in communion with him,\" were the Tridentine Profession of Faith and the First Vatican Council's dogmatic constitution on faith. As far back as 1208 the adjective \"Roman\" was applied to the Church \"outside which we believe that no one is saved.\" Considerable change in this doctrine on salvation is reflected by 1965 in the conciliar \"Declaration on Religious Freedom\" of the Second Vatican Council. In cases of dialogue with the","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"13704050","text":"Warsaw 9 June 1991, at an ecumenical meeting in the Aula Magna of the Colégio Catarinense, in Florianópolis, Brazil on 18 October 1991, and at the Angelus in São Salvador da Bahia, Brazil on 20 October 1991. Pope Benedict XVI called the Church \"the Roman Catholic Church\" at a meeting in Warsaw on 25 May 2006 and in joint declarations that he signed with Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams on 23 November 2006 and with Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople on 30 November 2006. These exceptions prove the rule, however. The total usage by popes of \"Catholic Church\" rather than","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"3012223","text":"convicted sex offender. The Christian religion is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, who lived and preached in the 1st century AD in the province of Judea of the Roman Empire. Catholic doctrine teaches that the contemporary Catholic Church is the continuation of this early Christian community established by Jesus. Christianity spread throughout the early Roman Empire, despite persecutions due to conflicts with the pagan state religion. Emperor Constantine legalised the practice of Christianity in 313, and it became the state religion in 380. Germanic invaders of Roman territory in the 5th and 6th centuries, many of whom had","title":"Catholic Church"},{"id":"93752","text":"is called Catholic not only 'because it is spread throughout the world', but also 'because it teaches completely and without defect all the doctrines which ought to come to the knowledge of men'. This secondary sense arose out of the original meaning because Catholics claimed to teach the whole truth, and to represent the whole Church, while heresy arose out of the exaggeration of some one truth and was essentially partial and local. By \"Catholic Church\" Ignatius designated the universal church. Ignatius considered that certain heretics of his time, who disavowed that Jesus was a material being who actually suffered","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"13704026","text":"as \"the holy, catholic, apostolic and Roman Church\". From 1937 to 1972, the Constitution of Ireland recognised the \"special position of the Holy Catholic Apostolic and Roman Church.\" The Anglican Archbishop of Dublin had objected to \"Catholic Church\" and quoted the Council of Trent for the longer title, which was approved by Eugenio Pacelli and Pope Pius XI. The same name is used in a 2009 Irish law. American Catholics, who by the year 1900 were 12 million people and had a predominantly Irish clergy, objected to what they considered the \"reproachful\" terms Popish and Romish and preferred the term","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"12174290","text":"Indians, others point to the Church as the only voice raised on behalf of indigenous peoples. The issue resulted in a crisis of conscience in 16th-century Spain. An outpouring of self-criticism and philosophical reflection among Catholic theologians, most notably Francisco de Vitoria, led to debate on the nature of human rights and the birth of modern international law. In 1521, through the leadership and preaching of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, the first Catholics were baptized in what became the first Christian nation in Southeast Asia, the Philippines. The following year, Franciscan missionaries arrived in what is now Mexico, and","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"id":"2390287","text":"the bridegroom, who took the church as his bride and accorded it highest love, devotion, and sacrifice, even to the point of death.\" Matrimony, for most of Church history, had been celebrated (as in traditions such as the Roman and Judaic) without clergy and was done according to local customs. The first available written detailed account of a Christian wedding in the West dates only from the 9th century and appears to be identical to the old nuptial service of Ancient Rome. However, early witnesses to the practice of intervention by the clergy in the marriage of early Christians include","title":"Marriage in the Catholic Church"},{"id":"2447831","text":"Conference of Catholic Bishops. The Catholic Church's part of the history of the United States has its background in the European colonization of the Americas. The first Catholics arrived with the Spanish missions in the Americas with Christopher Columbus' second voyage to the New World in 1493. In the 16th and 17th centuries, they established missions in what are now Florida, Georgia, New Mexico, Puerto Rico, Texas, and later in California. In addition to the Spanish, the French in the 17th century, via New France, began missionary work in Michigan, New York, Wisconsin. French colonization in the early 18th century","title":"Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"12174251","text":"History of the Catholic Church According to tradition, the history of the Catholic Church begins with Jesus Christ and his teachings (c. 4 BC – c. AD 30) and the Catholic Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by Jesus. The Church considers its bishops to be the successors to Jesus's apostles and the Church's leader, the Bishop of Rome (also known as the Pope) to be the sole successor to Saint Peter, who ministered in Rome in the first century AD, after his appointment by Jesus as head of the church. By the end of the","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"id":"12174252","text":"2nd century, bishops began congregating in regional synods to resolve doctrinal and policy issues. By the 3rd century, the bishop of Rome began to act as a court of appeals for problems that other bishops could not resolve. Christianity spread throughout the early Roman Empire, despite persecutions due to conflicts with the pagan state religion. In 313, the struggles of the Early Church were lessened by the legalisation of Christianity by the Emperor Constantine I. In 380, under Emperor Theodosius I, Catholicism became the state religion of the Roman Empire by the decree of the Emperor, which would persist until","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"id":"93765","text":"an official plea to emperor Leopold II, begging him to ban the use of the term \"Acatholic\". The Augsburg Confession found within the Book of Concord, a compendium of belief of the Lutheran Churches, teaches that \"the faith as confessed by Luther and his followers is nothing new, but the true catholic faith, and that their churches represent the true catholic or universal church\". When the Lutherans presented the Augsburg Confession to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1530, they believe to have \"showed that each article of faith and practice was true first of all to Holy Scripture, and","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93744","text":"incorporated into the name of the largest Christian communion, the Catholic Church (also called the Roman Catholic Church). All of the three main branches of Christianity in the East (Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and Church of the East) had always identified themselves as \"Catholic\" in accordance with Apostolic traditions and the Nicene Creed. Anglicans, Lutherans, and some Methodists also believe that their churches are \"Catholic\" in the sense that they too are in continuity with the original universal church founded by the Apostles. However, each church defines the scope of the \"Catholic Church\" differently. For instance, the Roman","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"77287","text":"diocese of Rome. There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but the consensus that \"\"cardinalis\"\" from the word \"cardo\" (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be called cardinals were the deacons of the seven regions of the city at the beginning of the 6th century, when the word began to mean \"principal,\" \"eminent,\" or \"superior.\" The name was also given to the senior priest in each of the","title":"Cardinal (Catholic Church)"},{"id":"7473401","text":"Catholicity Catholicity (from Greek , \"catholicity of the church\") or catholicism (from Greek , \"universal doctrine\") is a concept that encompasses the beliefs and practices of numerous Christian denominations, most notably those that describe themselves as \"Catholic\" in accordance with the Four Marks of the Church, as expressed in the Nicene Creed of the First Council of Constantinople in 381: \"\"[I believe] in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church\".\" While \"catholicism\" is most commonly associated with the faith and practices of the Catholic Church led by the Pope in Rome, the traits of catholicity, and thus the term \"catholic\", are","title":"Catholicity"},{"id":"93772","text":"of their own Catholicity. Most Reformation and post-Reformation churches use the term \"Catholic\" (often with a lower-case \"c\") to refer to the belief that all Christians are part of one Church regardless of denominational divisions; e.g., Chapter XXV of the Westminster Confession of Faith refers to the \"catholic or universal Church\". It is in line with this interpretation, which applies the word \"catholic\" (universal) to no one denomination, that they understand the phrase \"one holy catholic and apostolic Church\" in the Nicene Creed, the phrase \"the Catholic faith\" in the Athanasian Creed and the phrase \"holy catholic church\" in the","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"12174263","text":"teachers, known collectively as the Church Fathers. From the year 100 onward, proto-orthodox teachers like Ignatius of Antioch and Irenaeus defined Catholic teaching in stark opposition to other things, such as Gnosticism. In the first few centuries of its existence, the Church formed its teachings and traditions into a systematic whole under the influence of theological apologists such as Pope Clement I, Justin Martyr and Augustine of Hippo. Unlike most religions in the Roman Empire, Christianity required its adherents to renounce all other gods, a practice adopted from Judaism. Christians' refusal to join pagan celebrations meant they were unable to","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"id":"12174270","text":"outside of the empire, as their rulers feared Christians would revolt in favor of the Emperor. In 385, this new legal authority of the Church resulted in the first use of capital punishment being pronounced as a sentence upon a Christian 'heretic', namely Priscillian. During this period, the Bible as it has come down to the 21st century was first officially laid out in Church Councils or Synods through the process of official 'canonization'. Prior to these Councils or Synods, the Bible had already reached a form that was nearly identical to the form in which it is now found.","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"id":"3012145","text":"issued 380 by Theodosius I, the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire, when establishing the state church of the Roman Empire. Since the East–West Schism of 1054, the Eastern Church has taken the adjective \"Orthodox\" as its distinctive epithet (however, its official name continues to be the \"Orthodox Catholic Church\") and the Western Church in communion with the Holy See has similarly taken \"Catholic\", keeping that description also after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when those who ceased to be in communion became known as \"Protestants\". While the","title":"Catholic Church"},{"id":"93761","text":"bound by one common and undivided Catholicity that was uniting the Latin speaking Christians of West and the Greek speaking Christians of the East. In those days, terms \"eastern Catholic\" and \"western Catholic\" had their basic geographical meanings, generally corresponding to existing linguistic distinctions between Greek East and Latin West. In spite of various and quite frequent theological and ecclesiastical disagreements between major Christian sees, common Catholicity was preserved until the great disputes that arose between 9th and 11th century. After the East–West Schism, the notion of common Catholicity was broken and each side started to develop its own terminological","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93768","text":"illius Magistri\" and \"Humani generis\". Another example is its self-description as \"the holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church\" (or, by separating each adjective, as the \"Holy, Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church\") in the 24 April 1870 Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith of the First Vatican Council. In all of these documents it also refers to itself both simply as the Catholic Church and by other names. The Eastern Catholic Churches, while united with Rome in the faith, have their own traditions and laws, differing from those of the Latin Rite and those of other Eastern Catholic Churches. The contemporary Catholic","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"93760","text":"to the Christian religion... For my part, I should not believe the gospel except as moved by the authority of the Catholic Church. —St. Augustine (354–430): \"Against the Epistle of Manichaeus called Fundamental\", chapter 4: Proofs of the Catholic Faith. A contemporary of Augustine, St. Vincent of Lerins, wrote in 434 (under the pseudonym Peregrinus) a work known as the \"Commonitoria\" (\"Memoranda\"). While insisting that, like the human body, church doctrine develops while truly keeping its identity (sections 54-59, chapter XXIII), he stated: During early centuries of Christian history, majority of Christians who followed doctrines represented in Nicene Creed were","title":"Catholic (term)"},{"id":"3012250","text":"central Catholic teachings such as transubstantiation and the requirement for love and hope as well as faith to attain salvation. In subsequent centuries, Catholicism spread widely across the world, in part through missionaries and imperialism, although its hold on European populations declined due to the growth of religious scepticism during and after the Enlightenment. From the 17th century onward, the Enlightenment questioned the power and influence of the Catholic Church over Western society. In the 18th century, writers such as Voltaire and the \"Encyclopédistes\" wrote biting critiques of both religion and the Catholic Church. One target of their criticism was","title":"Catholic Church"},{"id":"13153176","text":"high birth rates. By the end of the century, there were 12 million Catholics in the United States. During the mid 19th century, a wave of \"old\" immigrants from Europe arrived from Ireland and Germany, as well as England and the Netherlands. From 1880s to 1914 a \"new\" wave arrived from Italy, Poland and Eastern Europe. Substantial numbers of Catholics also came from French Canada during the mid-19th century and settled in New England. After 1911 large numbers of Mexicans arrived. Many Catholics stopped practicing their religion or became Protestants. However there were about 700,000 converts to Catholicism from 1813","title":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"2129280","text":"Christian that does not invalidate that Christian's baptism. This can be traced back to the New Testament and to Jesus himself: , , , , , , , , , , , , . Saint Ignatius of Antioch, the earliest known writer to use the phrase \"the catholic church\", excluded from the Church heterodox groups whose teaching and practice conflicted with those of the bishops of the Church, and considered that they were not really Christians. In keeping with this idea, many churches and communions consider that those whom they judge to be in a state of heresy or schism","title":"Christian Church"},{"id":"86745","text":"of nations in which the Catholic Church is the established religion of the state or to those with ecclesiastical concordats with the Holy See. The Anglo-Saxon term \"cristendom\" appears to have been invented in the 9th century by a scribe somewhere in southern England, possibly at the court of king Alfred the Great of Wessex. The scribe was translating Paulus Orosius' book \"History Against the Pagans\" (c. 416) and in need for a term to express the concept of the universal culture focused on Jesus Christ. It had the sense now taken by \"Christianity\" (as is still the case with","title":"Christendom"},{"id":"13704015","text":"the name continued to be widely used in English-speaking countries, including the United States. However, by 1900, U.S. Catholics numbered 12 million, with a predominantly Irish clergy. Accordingly, they had an arguably more influential voice than the recusants in the United Kingdom, and objected to what they considered the \"reproachful\" terms \"Popish\" and \"Romish\", preferring the term \"Roman Catholic\" rather than the former when presented with the two alternatives. Formulations such as the \"Holy Roman Church\" or the \"Roman Catholic Church\" were sometimes used by officials of the Catholic Church before and after the Reformation, especially in the context of","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"13153195","text":"Irish Catholic laymen were deeply involved in American politics, but the bishops and priests kept their distance. By the beginning of the 20th century, approximately one-sixth of the population of the United States was Roman Catholic. By the end of the 20th century, Catholics constituted 24% of the population. It was John J. Burke, editor of the Catholic World, who first recognized the urgency of the moment. Burke had long argued for a national outlook and sense of unity among the country’s Catholics. The war provided the impetus to initiate these efforts. The Catholic hierarchy was eager to show its","title":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"3012247","text":"clerical appointments in the new colonies. In 1521 the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan made the first Catholic converts in the Philippines. Elsewhere, Portuguese missionaries under the Spanish Jesuit Francis Xavier evangelised in India, China, and Japan. In 1517, Martin Luther, an Augustinian friar in Germany, sent his \"Ninety-Five Theses\" to several bishops. His theses protested key points of Catholic doctrine as well as the sale of indulgences. In Switzerland, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers further criticised Catholic teachings. These challenges developed into the European movement called the Protestant Reformation, which gave birth to a variety of Christian","title":"Catholic Church"},{"id":"3012230","text":"dependent on the idea that Peter was Bishop of Rome or even on his ever having been in Rome. Many scholars hold that a church structure of plural presbyters/bishops persisted in Rome until the mid-2nd century, when the structure of a single bishop and plural presbyters was adopted, and that later writers retrospectively applied the term \"bishop of Rome\" to the most prominent members of the clergy in the earlier period and also to Peter himself. On this basis, Oscar Cullmann, Henry Chadwick, and Bart D. Ehrman question whether there was a formal link between Peter and the modern papacy.","title":"Catholic Church"},{"id":"2390294","text":"of most Catholic sacraments. In reaction, the Council of Trent on 3 March 1547 carefully named and defined the Catholic Church's sacraments, reaffirming the teaching that marriage is a sacrament − from 1184, 1208, 1274 and 1439. Recalling scripture, the apostolic traditions and the declarations of previous councils and of the Church Fathers, the bishops declared that there were precisely seven sacraments, with marriage one of them, and that all seven are truly and properly sacraments. Desiderius Erasmus had influenced the debate in the first part of the 16th century by publishing in 1518 an essay in praise of marriage","title":"Marriage in the Catholic Church"},{"id":"13704045","text":"Churches. As of January 2009, there were 630 Roman Catholic archdioceses, Western and Eastern. The Second Vatican Council did not use the term \"Roman Catholic Church\", and in one important passage of the dogmatic constitution \"Lumen gentium\" replaced it with an equivalent phrase, \"the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in union with that successor,\" while also giving in a footnote a reference to two earlier documents in which the word \"Roman\" was used explicitly. But as the prominent theologian at the Council Karl Rahner pointed out, by the 1960s the Church","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"13458952","text":"the title comes into constant use as the special prerogative of the kings of France. In later times, the Emperor Frederick III, addressing Charles VII, wrote: \"Your ancestors have won for your name the title Most Christian, as a heritage not to be separated from it.\" From the pontificate of Paul II (1464), the popes, in addressing bulls to the kings of France, always use the style and title \"Rex Christianissimus\". Furthermore, European public opinion always looked upon St. Joan of Arc, who saved the French monarchy, as the heroine of Christendom, and believed that the Maid of Orléans meant","title":"History of the Catholic Church in France"},{"id":"6061153","text":"body and blood, soul and divinity. This belief is succinctly summarised in St. Thomas Aquinas' hymn, \"Adoro Te Devote\". The mysterious change of the reality of the bread and wine began to be called \"transubstantiation\" in the 11th century. The earliest known text in which the term appears is a sermon of 1079 by Gilbert of Savardin, Archbishop of Tours, (\"Patrologia Latina\" CLXXI 776). The first appearance of the term in a papal document was in the letter of Pope Innocent III \"Cum Marthae circa\" to John of Canterbury on 29 November 1202, then briefly in the decree \"Firmiter credimus\"","title":"Eucharistic theology"},{"id":"13788722","text":"legalistic proclamation supposed to be read to local populations in the New World, demanding that the local populations convert to Roman Catholicism, on pain of slavery or death, and intended to give legal colour to the actions of the Spanish. This drew on earlier precedents going back centuries, used in conflicts with the Muslims and Guanches, and originally perhaps copying the Islamic \"dawah\". The most famous version was used between 1510 and 1556, but others were used until the 18th century. It was introduced after Dominican friars accompanying the conquistadors protested to the Crown at the enslavement of the Indians.","title":"Catholic Church and slavery"},{"id":"12174259","text":"had encouraged inhabitants, especially those in urban areas, to learn Greek, and the common language allowed ideas to be more easily expressed and understood. Jesus's apostles gained converts in Jewish communities around the Mediterranean Sea, and over 40 Christian communities had been established by 100. Although most of these were in the Roman Empire, notable Christian communities were also established in Armenia, Iran and along the Indian Malabar Coast. The new religion was most successful in urban areas, spreading first among slaves and people of low social standing, and then among aristocratic women. At first, Christians continued to worship alongside","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"id":"13704020","text":"the Speech from the Throne, the term \"Roman Catholic\" was used. By the early 19th century, the term \"Roman Catholic\" had become well established in the English-speaking world. As the movement that led to Catholic Emancipation through the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829 grew, many Anglicans and Protestants generally began to accept that being a Roman Catholic was not synonymous with being disloyal to the British Crown. While believing that in the past the term \"Roman Catholic\" may have been synonymous with \"rebel\", they held that it was by then as indicative of loyalty as membership in any other","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"13153204","text":"war-torn 1930s. This grew into a \"house of hospitality\" in the slums of New York City and then a series of farms for people to live together communally. The movement quickly spread to other cities in the United States, and to Canada and the United Kingdom; more than 30 independent but affiliated CW communities had been founded by 1941. Well over 100 communities exist today, including several in Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, The Netherlands, the Republic of Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, and Sweden. The Catholic Conference on Industrial Problems (1923–1937) was conceived by Fr. Raymond McGowan as a","title":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"3012147","text":"The names \"Catholic Church\" and \"Roman Church\" were also used in the documents of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the First Vatican Council (1869–1870), the Council of Trent (1545–1563), and numerous other official documents. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. There are three levels of clergy, the episcopate, composed of bishops who hold jurisdiction over a geographic area called a diocese or eparchy; the presbyterate, composed of priests ordained by bishops and who work in local diocese or","title":"Catholic Church"},{"id":"13153157","text":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but most of the Spanish and French influences had faded by 1800. The Catholic Church grew through immigration, especially from Europe (Germany and Ireland at first, and in 1890-1914 from Italy, Poland and Eastern Europe.) In the nineteenth century the Church set up an elaborate infrastructure, based on diocese run by bishops appointed by the pope. Each diocese set up a network of parishes, schools, colleges, hospitals, orphanages and other charitable institutions. Many priests arrived from France and Ireland,","title":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"17997711","text":"History of Catholic education in the United States The History of Catholic Education in The United States extends from the early colonial era in Louisiana and Maryland to the parochial school system set up in most parishes in the 19th century, to hundreds of colleges, all down to the present. There was a small Catholic population in the English colonies, chiefly in Maryland. It supported local schools, often under Jesuit auspices. The small Catholic Spanish communities in New Mexico and California, which joined the United States in 1848, had little in the way of organized schooling. Much more important were","title":"History of Catholic education in the United States"},{"id":"7705448","text":"Republicans, and 134 (out of 435) Catholics in the United States House of Representatives, including the current House Speaker Paul Ryan. In 2008, Joe Biden became the first Catholic to be elected Vice President of the United States. His successor Mike Pence was raised Catholic but converted to Protestantism later in life. Before 1840 Catholics constituted a small minority and therefore played a relatively minor role in early American history. Only in Maryland were there significant numbers, and Baltimore became an early Catholic center. During the American Revolution until the late 18th century, about 1% of the American population (about","title":"Catholic Church and politics in the United States"},{"id":"16652607","text":"Alexandria, to Philemon, a Roman presbyter: Which translates into: From the early 3rd century the title was applied generically to all bishops. The earliest extant record of the word \"papa\" being used in reference to a Bishop of Rome dates to late 3rd century, when it was applied to Pope Marcellinus. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest recorded use of the title \"pope\" in English is in an Old English translation (\"c\". 950) of Bede's \"Ecclesiastical History of the English People\": In Modern English: The title \"pope\" continues to be used by Alexandrian bishops; both the Coptic Orthodox","title":"Pope (word)"},{"id":"15577820","text":"there are a few possible references to it that date back to the 1st century or early 2nd century, e.g., 1 Clement written in \"c.\" AD 96, and the later church historian Eusebius wrote that Origen had made reference to the epistle before 250. Jerome says that Peter \"wrote two epistles which are called Catholic, the second of which, on account of its difference from the first in style, is considered by many not to be by him\". \"(De Viris Illustribus 1)\" But he himself received the epistle, and explained the difference in style and character and structure of words","title":"Saint Peter"},{"id":"12174257","text":"presbyters/bishops persisted in Rome until the mid-2nd century, when the structure of a single bishop and plural presbyters was adopted, and that later writers retrospectively applied the term \"bishop of Rome\" to the most prominent members of the clergy in the earlier period and also to Peter himself. On this basis, Oscar Cullmann and Henry Chadwick question whether there was a formal link between Peter and the modern papacy, and Raymond E. Brown says that, while it is anachronistic to speak of Peter in terms of local bishop of Rome, Christians of that period would have looked on Peter as","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"id":"13153175","text":"British-America-born Catholic priest. In 1788, after the Revolution, John Jay urged the New York Legislature to require office-holders to renounce foreign authorities \"in all matters ecclesiastical as well as civil.\" In one state, North Carolina, the Protestant test oath would not be changed until 1868. The Catholic population of the United States, which had been 35,000 in 1790, increased to 195,000 in 1820 and then ballooned to about 1.6 million in 1850, by which time, Catholics had become the country’s largest denomination. Between 1860 and 1890 the population of Roman Catholics in the United States tripled primarily through immigration and","title":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"2447879","text":"the population of the United States was Catholic. Modern Catholic immigrants come to the United States from the Philippines, Poland and Latin America, especially from Mexico. This multiculturalism and diversity has influenced the conduct of Catholicism in the United States. For example, some dioceses say the Mass in both English and Spanish. Sociologist Andrew Greeley, an ordained Catholic priest at the University of Chicago, undertook a series of national surveys of Catholics in the late 20th century. He published hundreds of books and articles, both technical and popular. His biographer summarizes his interpretation: In 1965, 71% of Catholics attended Mass.","title":"Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"13704023","text":"serve this population, and \"Roman Catholic parishes\" were established. The terms \"Roman Catholic\" and \"Holy Roman Catholic\" thus gained widespread use in the United States in the 19th century, both in popular usage and within official documents. In 1866 President Andrew Johnson attended a meeting of the \"Council of the Roman Catholic Church\". There is sometimes controversy about the name \"Roman Catholic Church\" when it is used by members of other churches to suggest that the church in full communion with Rome is only one part of the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. This argument is linked especially with","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"20260570","text":"likewise supported the death penalty. Meanwhile canon 15 of the Council of Trolsy (AD 909) warned against \"pollution with men or animals\". Alongside this, penances for such sexual transgressions may increasingly be found in a few of the penitential books which first emerged in the 6th century in monastic communities in Ireland (including for women having sex with other women). By the late Middle Ages, the term \"sodomy\" had come to cover copulation between males, bestiality, and non-vaginal heterosexual intercourse, coitus interruptus, masturbation, fellatio and anal sex (whether heterosexual or homosexual); and it increasingly began to be identified as the","title":"History of the Catholic Church and homosexuality"},{"id":"2390284","text":"term \"sacrament\" was applied. Explicit classification of marriage in this way came in reaction to the contrary teaching of Catharism that marriage and procreation are evil: the first official declaration that marriage is a sacrament was made at the 1184 Council of Verona as part of a condemnation of the Cathars. In 1208, Pope Innocent III required members of another religious movement, that of the Waldensians, to recognize that marriage is a sacrament as a condition for being received back into the Catholic Church. In 1254, Catholics accused Waldensians of condemning the sacrament of marriage, \"saying that married persons sin","title":"Marriage in the Catholic Church"},{"id":"7473411","text":"Reformation, after which many parts of the Western Church rejected Papal authority, and some of the teachings of the Western Church at that time, and became known as \"Reformed\" or \"Protestant\". A much less extensive rupture occurred when, after the Roman Catholic Church's First Vatican Council, in which it officially proclaimed the dogma of papal infallibility, small clusters of Catholics in the Netherlands and in German-speaking countries formed the Old-Catholic (Altkatholische) Church. Use of the terms \"catholicity\" and \"catholicism\" depends on context. For times preceding the Great Schism, it refers to the Nicene Creed and especially to tenets of Christology,","title":"Catholicity"},{"id":"132098","text":"of Constantinople. There are additional Christian churches in the east that are in communion with neither Rome nor Constantinople, who tend to be distinguished by the category named \"Oriental Orthodox\". While the Church continues officially to call itself \"Catholic\", for reasons of universality, the common title of \"Eastern Orthodox Church\" avoids casual confusion with the Catholic Church. The first known use of the phrase \"the Catholic Church\" (\"he katholike ekklesia\") occurred in a letter written about 110 AD from one Greek church to another (Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans) The letter states: \"Wheresoever the bishop shall appear, there","title":"Eastern Orthodox Church"},{"id":"13458941","text":"the East, whom France was thus trying to protect, there has survived a lasting gratitude toward the nation of St. Louis. In the days of St. Louis the influence of the French epic literature in Europe was supreme. Brunetto Latini, as early as the middle of the 13th century, wrote that, \"of all speech [parlures] that of the French was the most charming, and the most in favour with everyone.\" French held sway in England until the middle of the 14th century; it was fluently spoken at the Court of Constantinople at the time of the Fourth Crusade; and in","title":"History of the Catholic Church in France"},{"id":"311875","text":"spiritual influence on 1.3 billion Catholics and beyond, as well as the official representative of the Catholic Church being the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world, with a vast international network of charities. The word \"pope\" derives from Greek πάππας meaning \"father\". In the early centuries of Christianity, this title was applied, especially in the east, to all bishops and other senior clergy, and later became reserved in the west to the Bishop of Rome, a reservation made official only in the 11th century. The earliest record of the use of this title was in","title":"Pope"},{"id":"5364721","text":"earth to mean that the Church, built of the Rock of Peter, is the body of Christ, the Rock from Heaven, and that the Rock will eventually cover the entire Earth which is why the term Catholic (universal or worldwide) is the most common designation for the Catholic Church. Irenaeus has been called the most important witness of the Christianity in the 2nd century. Taught by Polycarp, who had been instructed by John the apostle, Irenaeus became bishop of Lyons in 178. In his \"Against the Heresies\", Irenaeus wrote, \"Although there are many dialects in the world, the force of","title":"Primacy of Peter"},{"id":"14396152","text":"did away with the distinction. In summary, with the exception of the three-year period 1588-1591, early abortion was not prohibited by Catholic canon law until 1869. In the Middle Ages, many Church commentators condemned all abortions, but the 14th-century Dominican John of Naples is reported to have been the first to make an influential explicit statement that if the purpose was to save the mother's life abortion was actually permitted, provided that ensoulment had not been attained. This view met both support and rejection from other theologians. In the 16th century, while Thomas Sanchez accepted it, Antoninus de Corbuba made","title":"Catholic Church and abortion"},{"id":"13898764","text":"19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States The 19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States was characterized by several unsuccessful attempts by Catholics to culturally integrate themselves into the mainstream American culture of that century. Only during the 20th century did this fully succeed, with the election of John F. Kennedy to the presidency in 1960. During the 19th century, a wave of immigrants from Ireland, Germany, Italy, Eastern Europe and elsewhere swelled the number of Roman Catholics. Substantial numbers of Catholics also came from French Canada during the mid-19th century and settled in","title":"19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"13153180","text":"areas. In cities with large Catholic populations (such as Chicago and Boston) there was a flow of teachers, administrators, and students from one system to the other. Catholic schools began as a program to shelter Catholic students from Protestant teachers (and schoolmates) in the new system of public schools that emerged in the 1840s. In 1875, Republican President Ulysses S. Grant called for a Constitutional amendment that would prohibit the use of public funds for \"sectarian\" schools. Grant feared a future with \"patriotism and intelligence on one side and superstition, ambition and greed on the other\" which he identified with","title":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"3253216","text":"Catholic epistles The Catholic epistles (also called the universal epistles or general epistles) are seven epistles of the New Testament. Listed in order of their appearance in the New Testament, the Catholic epistles are: The word \"Catholic\" in the term \"Catholic epistles\" has been a convention dating from the 4th century. At the time, that word simply meant 'general', and was not specifically tied to any denomination, for example, what would later become known as the Roman Catholic Church. Nevertheless, to avoid the impression these letters are only recognised in Catholicism, alternative terms such as 'general epistles' or 'general missionary","title":"Catholic epistles"},{"id":"33420","text":"which is the ecumenically accepted modern translation of the International Committee on English Texts (1975) as amended by the subsequent successor body, the English Language Liturgical Consultation (1987). This form of the Apostles' Creed can be found incorporated into the Eucharistic and Baptismal Liturgies in the Hymnal and in \"The United Methodist Book of Worship\", and hence it is growing in popularity and use. The word \"catholic\" is intentionally left lowercase in the sense that the word catholic applies to the universal and ecumenical Christian church. The liturgical communities in western Christianity that derive their rituals from the Roman Missal,","title":"Apostles' Creed"},{"id":"2447874","text":"the 1920s, were active in the United States. Animosity by Protestants waned as Catholics demonstrated their patriotism in war, their commitment to charity, and their dedication to democratic values. The bishops began at standardizing discipline in the American Church with the convocation of the Plenary Councils of Baltimore in 1852, 1866 and 1884. These councils resulted in the promulgation of the Baltimore Catechism and the establishment of The Catholic University of America. After the Civil War, Catholics were legally treated equally to other religions under the US Constitution with the passage of the 14th Amendment. Jesuit priests who had been","title":"Catholic Church in the United States"},{"id":"311876","text":"regard to the by then deceased Patriarch of Alexandria, Pope Heraclas of Alexandria (232–248). The earliest recorded use of the title \"pope\" in English dates to the mid-10th century, when it was used in reference to the 7th century Roman Pope Vitalian in an Old English translation of Bede's \"Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum\". The Catholic Church teaches that the pastoral office, the office of shepherding the Church, that was held by the apostles, as a group or \"college\" with Saint Peter as their head, is now held by their successors, the bishops, with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as","title":"Pope"},{"id":"12174355","text":"dramatic changes in policy as well—for example removing conservatives from high Vatican positions, calling on bishops to lead a simpler life, and taking a more pastoral attitude towards homosexuality. History of the Catholic Church According to tradition, the history of the Catholic Church begins with Jesus Christ and his teachings (c. 4 BC – c. AD 30) and the Catholic Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by Jesus. The Church considers its bishops to be the successors to Jesus's apostles and the Church's leader, the Bishop of Rome (also known as the Pope) to be the","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"id":"12174278","text":"monasteries that began in 910 placed abbots under the direct control of the pope rather than the secular control of feudal lords, thus eliminating a major source of corruption. This sparked a great monastic renewal. Monasteries, convents and cathedrals still operated virtually all schools and libraries, and often functioned as credit establishments promoting economic growth. After 1100, some older cathedral schools split into lower grammar schools and higher schools for advanced learning. First in Bologna, then at Paris and Oxford, many of these higher schools developed into universities and became the direct ancestors of modern Western institutions of learning. It","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"id":"10773804","text":"followers of the faith. Ignatius of Antioch was the first known Christian to use the label in self-reference and made the earliest recorded use of the term \"Christianity\" (Greek ), around AD 100. The Christian movement was referred to as 'The Way' () based upon the well known statement by Jesus: \"I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.\" . Consequently, it appears in the Acts of the Apostles, , and ). Some English translations of the New Testament capitalize 'the Way' (e.g. the New King James Version and the","title":"History of early Christianity"},{"id":"13704013","text":"It is instead a term that became common among non-Catholics, especially in English, which is now occasionally used by Roman Catholic officials. \"Catholic\" is one of the Four Marks of the Church set out in the Nicene Creed, a statement of belief accepted by members of many denominations some of which assert belief in an invisible form of \"Christian Church\" analogous to branch theory and Protestant ecclesiology. Branch theory would believe in an invisible Christian Church structure binding various Christian denominations together whether in formal communion or not. The term \"Roman\", as in the \"Roman Church\", has been used since","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"3012226","text":"the 17th century by secular intellectuals in the Enlightenment. Concurrently, Spanish and Portuguese explorers and missionaries spread the church's influence through Africa, Asia, and the New World. In 1870, the First Vatican Council declared the dogma of papal infallibility and the Kingdom of Italy annexed the city of Rome, the last portion of the Papal States to be incorporated into the new nation. In the 20th century, anti-clerical governments around the world, including Mexico and Spain, persecuted or executed thousands of clerics and laypersons. In the Second World War, the church condemned Nazism, and protected hundreds of thousands of Jews","title":"Catholic Church"},{"id":"13704053","text":"were previously Eastern or Oriental Orthodox, although some consider this term derogatory. Official Catholic documents no longer use the term, due to its perceived negative overtones. In fact, according to John Erickson of Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, \"The term 'uniate' itself, once used with pride in the Roman communion, had long since come to be considered as pejorative. 'Eastern Rite Catholic' also was no longer in vogue because it might suggest that the Catholics in question differed from Latins only in the externals of worship. The Second Vatican Council affirmed rather that Eastern Catholics constituted \"churches\", whose vocation was","title":"Roman Catholic (term)"},{"id":"12174274","text":"to begin the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons, and, coming the other way in the Hiberno-Scottish mission, Saints Colombanus, Boniface, Willibrord, Ansgar and many others took Christianity into northern Europe and spread Catholicism among the Germanic, and Slavic peoples, and reached the Vikings and other Scandinavians in later centuries. The Synod of Whitby of 664, though not as decisive as sometimes claimed, was an important moment in the reintegration of the Celtic Church of the British Isles into the Roman hierarchy, after having been effectively cut off from contact with Rome by the pagan invaders. In the early 8th century, Byzantine","title":"History of the Catholic Church"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"93749\",\n \"text\": \"use of the term \\\"Catholic Christian\\\" exclusively to those who followed the same faith as Pope Damasus I of Rome and Pope Peter of Alexandria. Numerous other early writers including Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 315–386), Augustine of Hippo (354–430) further developed the use of the term \\\"catholic\\\" in relation to Christianity. The earliest recorded evidence of the use of the term \\\"Catholic Church\\\" is the \\\"Letter to the Smyrnaeans\\\" that Ignatius of Antioch wrote in about 107 to Christians in Smyrna. Exhorting Christians to remain closely united with their bishop, he wrote: \\\"Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3012144\",\n \"text\": \"refusal to ordain women, as well as the handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy. Catholic (from ) was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century. The first known use of the phrase \\\"the catholic church\\\" ( \\\"he katholike ekklesia\\\") occurred in the letter written about 110 AD from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans. In the \\\"Catechetical Lectures\\\" () of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name \\\"Catholic Church\\\" was used to distinguish it from other groups that also called themselves \\\"the church\\\". The \\\"Catholic\\\" notion was further stressed in the edict \\\"De fide Catolica\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93748\",\n \"text\": \"wrote in about 108 to Christians in Smyrna. Exhorting Christians to remain closely united with their bishop, he wrote: \\\"Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church.\\\" From the second half of the second century, the word \\\"catholic\\\" began to be used to mean \\\"orthodox\\\" (non-heretical), \\\"because Catholics claimed to teach the whole truth, and to represent the whole Church, while heresy arose out of the exaggeration of some one truth and was essentially partial and local\\\". In 380, Emperor Theodosius I limited\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93742\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic (term) The word catholic (with lowercase \\\"c\\\"; derived via Late Latin \\\"catholicus\\\", from the Greek adjective (\\\"katholikos\\\"), meaning \\\"universal\\\") comes from the Greek phrase (\\\"katholou\\\"), meaning \\\"on the whole\\\", \\\"according to the whole\\\" or \\\"in general\\\", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning \\\"about\\\" and meaning \\\"whole\\\". The term Catholic (usually written with uppercase \\\"C\\\" in English) was first used to describe the Christian Church in the early 2nd century to emphasize its universal scope. In the context of Christian ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages. The word in English can mean either \\\"of\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93746\",\n \"text\": \"catholic and apostolic Church.\\\" During the medieval and modern times, additional distinctions arose regarding the use of the terms \\\"Western Catholic\\\" and \\\"Eastern Catholic\\\". Before the East–West Schism, those terms had just the basic geographical meanings, since only one undivided Catholicity existed, uniting the Latin speaking Christians of West and the Greek speaking Christians of the East. After the split of 1054 terminology became much more complicated, resulting in the creation of parallel and conflicting terminological systems. The Greek adjective \\\"katholikos\\\", the origin of the term \\\"catholic\\\" means \\\"universal\\\". Directly from the Greek, or via Late Latin \\\"catholicus\\\", the term\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93767\",\n \"text\": \"language, the first known use of the term is in Andrew of Wyntoun's \\\"Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland\\\", \\\"He was a constant Catholic/All Lollard he hated and heretic.\\\" The Catholic Church, led by the Pope in Rome, usually distinguishes itself from other churches by calling itself the \\\"Catholic\\\", however has also used the description \\\"Roman Catholic\\\". Even apart from documents drawn up jointly with other churches, it has sometimes, in view of the central position it attributes to the See of Rome, adopted the adjective \\\"Roman\\\" for the whole church, Eastern as well as Western, as in the papal encyclicals \\\"Divini\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704014\",\n \"text\": \"the Middle Ages – often connoting the local particular church of the Diocese of Rome – the first known occurrence of \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" as a synonym for \\\"Catholic Church\\\" was in communication with the Armenian Apostolic Church in 1208, after the East–West Schism. Following the pejorative term \\\"papist\\\", attested in English since 1534, the terms \\\"Popish Catholic\\\" and \\\"Romish Catholic\\\" came into use during the Protestant Reformation. During the 17th century, \\\"Roman Catholic Church\\\" was often used as a synonym for the Catholic Church, especially where Protestants and Anglicans dominated demographically. Although its usage has since changed over the centuries,\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93747\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"catholic\\\" entered many other languages, becoming the base for the creation of various theological terms such as \\\"catholicism\\\" and \\\"catholicity\\\" (Late Latin \\\"catholicismus\\\", \\\"catholicitas\\\"). The term \\\"catholicism\\\" is the English form of Late Latin \\\"catholicismus\\\", an abstract noun based on the adjective \\\"catholic\\\". The Modern Greek equivalent (\\\"\\\") is back-formed and usually refers to the Catholic Church. The terms \\\"catholic\\\", \\\"catholicism\\\" and \\\"catholicity\\\" is closely related to the use of the term \\\"Catholic Church\\\". (See Catholic Church (disambiguation) for more uses.) The earliest evidence of the use of that term is the \\\"Letter to the Smyrnaeans\\\" that Ignatius of Antioch\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6990141\",\n \"text\": \"and which the Father, of His goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes\\\". The letter is also the earliest recorded evidence of the use of the term \\\"Catholic Church\\\". Letter to the Smyrnaeans The Letter to the Smyrnaeans (often simply called Smyrnaeans) was written by Saint Ignatius of Antioch around AD 107 to the Early Christians in Smyrna. Among other things, the letter contains the earliest recorded evidence of the use of the term \\\"Catholic Church\\\". It mentions the resurrection of Jesus: (2:1a) \\\"Now, he suffered all these things for our\",\n \"title\": \"Letter to the Smyrnaeans\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93776\",\n \"text\": \"the Creed with the word \\\"Christian\\\" in place of \\\"catholic\\\". The Orthodox churches share some of the concerns about Roman Catholic papal claims, but disagree with some Protestants about the nature of the church as one body. Catholic (term) The word catholic (with lowercase \\\"c\\\"; derived via Late Latin \\\"catholicus\\\", from the Greek adjective (\\\"katholikos\\\"), meaning \\\"universal\\\") comes from the Greek phrase (\\\"katholou\\\"), meaning \\\"on the whole\\\", \\\"according to the whole\\\" or \\\"in general\\\", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning \\\"about\\\" and meaning \\\"whole\\\". The term Catholic (usually written with uppercase \\\"C\\\" in English) was first used\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93751\",\n \"text\": \"p. 76). So too the letter of the Church of Smyrna is addressed to all the congregations of the Holy Catholic Church in every place. And this primitive sense of 'universal' the word has never lost, although in the latter part of the second century it began to receive the secondary sense of 'orthodox' as opposed to 'heretical'. Thus it is used in an early Canon of Scripture, the Muratorian fragment (\\\"circa\\\" 170 A.D.), which refers to certain heretical writings as 'not received in the Catholic Church'. So too Cyril of Jerusalem, in the fourth century, says that the Church\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93764\",\n \"text\": \"complicated, resulting in the creation of parallel and confronting terminological systems that exist today in all of their complexity. During the Early Modern period, a special term \\\"Acatholic\\\" was widely used in the West to mark all those who were considered to hold heretical theological views and irregular ecclesiastical practices. In the time of Counter-Reformation the term \\\"Acatholic\\\" was used by zealous members of the Catholic Church to designate Protestants as well as Eastern Orthodox Christians. The term was considered to be so insulting that the Council of the Serbian Orthodox Church, held in Temeswar in 1790, decided to send\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93753\",\n \"text\": \"and died, saying instead that \\\"he only seemed to suffer\\\" (Smyrnaeans, 2), were not really Christians. The term is also used in the \\\"Martyrdom of Polycarp\\\" (155) and in the Muratorian fragment (about 177). As mentioned in the above quotation from J.H. Srawley, Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 315–386), who is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion, distinguished what he called the \\\"Catholic Church\\\" from other groups who could also refer to themselves as an ἐκκλησία (assembly or church): Since the word Ecclesia is applied to different things (as also\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3012146\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Roman Church\\\" has been used to describe the pope's Diocese of Rome since the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages (6th–10th century), the \\\"Roman Catholic Church\\\" has been applied to the whole church in English language since the Protestant Reformation in the late 16th century. \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" has occasionally appeared also in documents produced both by the Holy See, notably applied to certain national episcopal conferences, and local dioceses. The name \\\"Catholic Church\\\" for the whole church is used in the \\\"Catechism of the Catholic Church\\\" (1990), and the Code of Canon Law (1983).\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93750\",\n \"text\": \"multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church.\\\" Of the meaning for Ignatius of this phrase J.H. Srawley wrote: This is the earliest occurrence in Christian literature of the phrase 'the Catholic Church' (ἡ καθολικὴ ἐκκλησία). The original sense of the word is 'universal'. Thus Justin Martyr (\\\"Dial\\\". 82) speaks of the 'universal or general resurrection', using the words ἡ καθολικὴ ἀνάστασις. Similarly here the Church universal is contrasted with the particular Church of Smyrna. Ignatius means by the Catholic Church 'the aggregate of all the Christian congregations' (Swete, \\\"Apostles Creed\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"204503\",\n \"text\": \"to describe the church, writing: It is from the word \\\"katholikos\\\" (\\\"according to the whole\\\") that the word \\\"catholic\\\" comes. When Ignatius wrote the Letter to the Smyrnaeans in about the year 107 and used the word \\\"catholic\\\", he used it as if it were a word already in use to describe the Church. This has led many scholars to conclude that the appellation \\\"Catholic Church\\\" with its ecclesial connotation may have been in use as early as the last quarter of the First century. On the Eucharist, he wrote in his letter to the Smyrnaeans: In his letter addressed\",\n \"title\": \"Ignatius of Antioch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"77289\",\n \"text\": \"mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from country clergy. This meaning of the word spread rapidly, and from the 9th century various episcopal cities had a special class among the clergy known as cardinals. The use of the title was reserved for the cardinals of Rome in 1567 by Pius V. In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius\",\n \"title\": \"Cardinal (Catholic Church)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704017\",\n \"text\": \"in the documents of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the First Vatican Council (1869–1870), the Council of Trent (1545–1563), and numerous other official documents. The last official magisterium document to use \\\"Roman Catholic Church\\\" was issued by Pope Pius XII in 1950. This preference also usually appears on the website of the Holy See. \\\"Catholic Church\\\" and \\\"Catholic(s)\\\" is also broadly reflected in academia, as well as in most English-language media. The terms \\\"Romish Catholic\\\" and \\\"Roman Catholic\\\", along with \\\"Popish Catholic\\\", were brought into use in the English language chiefly by adherents of the Church of England. The reign\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93769\",\n \"text\": \"Church has always considered itself to be the historic Catholic Church, and consider all others as \\\"non-Catholics\\\". This practice is an application of the belief that not all who claim to be Christians are part of the Catholic Church, as Ignatius of Antioch, the earliest known writer to use the term \\\"Catholic Church\\\", considered that certain heretics who called themselves Christians only seemed to be such. Regarding the relations with Eastern Christians, Pope Benedict XVI stated his wish to restore full unity with the Orthodox. The Roman Catholic Church considers that almost all of the ancient theological differences have been\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93766\",\n \"text\": \"then also to the teaching of the church fathers and the councils\\\". The term \\\"Catholic\\\" is commonly associated with the whole of the church led by the Roman Pontiff, the Catholic Church. Other Christian churches that use the description \\\"Catholic\\\" include the Eastern Orthodox Church and other churches that believe in the historic episcopate (bishops), such as the Anglican Communion. Many of those who apply the term \\\"Catholic Church\\\" to all Christians object to the use of the term to designate what they view as only one church within what they understand as the \\\"whole\\\" Catholic Church. In the English\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93757\",\n \"text\": \"law to assume the title \\\"Catholic\\\" Christians; but as for the others, since in our judgment they are foolish madmen, we decree that they shall be branded with the ignominious name of heretics, and shall not presume to give their conventicles the name of churches. They will suffer in the first place the chastisement of the divine condemnation, and in the second the punishment which our authority, in accordance with the will of heaven, will decide to inflict. Theodosian Code XVI.i.2 Only slightly later, Saint Augustine of Hippo (354–430) also used the term \\\"Catholic\\\" to distinguish the \\\"true\\\" church from\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13153161\",\n \"text\": \"the American Revolutionary War in 1783, there were approximately 24,000 to 25,000 Catholics in the United States out of a total population of approximately 3 million. Catholicism first came to the territories now forming the United States before the Protestant Reformation with the Spanish explorers and settlers in present-day Florida (1513), South Carolina (1566), Georgia (1568–1684), and the southwest. The first Catholic Mass held in the current United States was in 1526 by Dominican friars Fr. Antonio de Montesinos and Fr. Anthony de Cervantes, who ministered to the San Miguel de Gualdape colonists for the 3 months the colony existed.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704019\",\n \"text\": \"to the Spanish Match in the 1620s. There was, however, significant tension between Anglicans and Roman Catholics at the time (as reflected in the Test Act for public office). Even today, the Act of Settlement 1701 still prohibits Roman Catholics from becoming English monarchs. The official and popular uses of the term \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" in the English language grew in the 18th century. Up to the reign of George III, Catholics in Britain who recognized the Pope as head of the Church had generally been designated in official documents as \\\"Papists\\\". In 1792, however, this phraseology was changed and, in\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704018\",\n \"text\": \"of Elizabeth I of England at the end of the 16th century was marked by conflicts in Ireland. Those opposed to English rule forged alliances with those against the Protestant Reformation, making the term \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" almost synonymous with being Irish during that period, although that usage changed significantly over time. Like the term \\\"Anglican\\\", the term \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" only came into widespread use in the English language in the 17th century. The terms \\\"Romish Catholic\\\" and \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" were both in use in the 17th century and \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" was used in some official documents, such as those relating\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704016\",\n \"text\": \"ecumenical dialogue where the dialogue partner had a reason to prefer this usage. It is also used for instance in wordings such as Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, referring to the Diocese of Rome. However, the last official magisterium document to use \\\"Roman Catholic Church\\\" was issued by Pope Pius XII in 1950. The use of \\\"Catholic Church\\\" is usually preferred by the Holy See and most of its adherents. The name \\\"Catholic Church\\\" for the whole church is used in the \\\"Catechism of the Catholic Church\\\" (1990), and the Code of Canon Law (1983). It was equivally applied\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2129255\",\n \"text\": \"that the Gospel must extend to the ends of the earth and to all nations, that the church is open to all peoples and must not be divided, etc. The first recorded application of \\\"catholic\\\" or \\\"universal\\\" to the church is by Ignatius of Antioch in about 107 in his Epistle to the Smyrnaeans, chapter VIII. \\\"Wherever the bishop appears, there let the people be; as wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church.\\\" Church Fathers like Ignatius of Antioch, Irenaeus, Tertullian and Cyprian held to the view that the Christian Church was a visible entity, not an invisible\",\n \"title\": \"Christian Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704030\",\n \"text\": \"the Council's official documents about the Church herself, and the term was not included.\\\" The name \\\"Roman Catholic Church\\\" is occasionally used by popes, bishops, other clergy and laity, who do not see it as opprobrious or having the suggested overtone. The use of \\\"Roman\\\", \\\"Holy\\\", and \\\"Apostolic\\\" are accepted by the Church as descriptive names. At the time of the 16th-century Reformation, the Church itself \\\"claimed the word catholic as its title over Protestant or Reformed churches\\\". It believes that it is the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. Throughout the years, in various instances, official church documents have\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93755\",\n \"text\": \"cities, inquire not simply where the Lord's House is (for the other sects of the profane also attempt to call their own dens houses of the Lord), nor merely where the Church is, but where is the Catholic Church. For this is the peculiar name of this Holy Church, the mother of us all, which is the spouse of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Only-begotten Son of God(Catechetical Lectures, XVIII, 26). Theodosius I, Emperor from 379 to 395, declared \\\"Catholic\\\" Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire, declaring in the Edict of Thessalonica of 27 February 380: It is\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93763\",\n \"text\": \"and promoted by famous Eastern Orthodox canonist Theodore Balsamon who was patriarch of Antioch. He wrote in 1190: On the other side of the widening rift, Eastern Orthodox were considered by western theologians to be \\\"Schismatics\\\". Relations between East and West were further estranged by the tragic events of the Massacre of the Latins in 1182 and Sack of Constantinople in 1204. Those bloody events were followed by several failed attempts to reach reconciliation (see: Second Council of Lyon, Council of Florence, Union of Brest, Union of Uzhhorod). During the late medieval and early modern period, terminology became much more\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93743\",\n \"text\": \"the Catholic faith\\\" or \\\"relating to the historic doctrine and practice of the Western Church\\\". Many Christians use it to refer more broadly to the whole Christian Church or to all believers in Jesus Christ regardless of denominational affiliation; it can also more narrowly refer to Catholicity, which encompasses several historic churches sharing major beliefs. \\\"Catholicos\\\", the title used for the head of some churches in Eastern Christian traditions, is derived from the same linguistic origin. In non-ecclesiastical use, it derives its English meaning directly from its root, and is currently used to mean the following: The term has been\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6990139\",\n \"text\": \"Letter to the Smyrnaeans The Letter to the Smyrnaeans (often simply called Smyrnaeans) was written by Saint Ignatius of Antioch around AD 107 to the Early Christians in Smyrna. Among other things, the letter contains the earliest recorded evidence of the use of the term \\\"Catholic Church\\\". It mentions the resurrection of Jesus: (2:1a) \\\"Now, he suffered all these things for our sake, that we might be saved. And he truly suffered, even as he truly raised himself up; not as certain unbelievers say, that he suffered in semblance, they themselves only existing in semblance.\\\" The term translated \\\"semblance\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"Letter to the Smyrnaeans\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3253217\",\n \"text\": \"epistles' are used. In the historical context, the word \\\"Catholic\\\" probably signified that the letters were addressed to the general church, and not to specific, separate congregations or persons, as with the Pauline epistles. However, 2 John and 3 John appear to contradict this view, because their addresses are respectively to the \\\"elect lady\\\", speculated by many to be the church itself, and to \\\"Gaius\\\", about whom there has been much speculation but little in the way of conclusive proof as to his identity. Some historians therefore think that the label \\\"Catholic\\\" was originally applied to just 1 John, and\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic epistles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704047\",\n \"text\": \"two earlier documents that the council stated had applied the phrase \\\"Roman Church\\\" to the Church itself, the church \\\"governed by the successor of Saint Peter and by the bishops in communion with him,\\\" were the Tridentine Profession of Faith and the First Vatican Council's dogmatic constitution on faith. As far back as 1208 the adjective \\\"Roman\\\" was applied to the Church \\\"outside which we believe that no one is saved.\\\" Considerable change in this doctrine on salvation is reflected by 1965 in the conciliar \\\"Declaration on Religious Freedom\\\" of the Second Vatican Council. In cases of dialogue with the\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704050\",\n \"text\": \"Warsaw 9 June 1991, at an ecumenical meeting in the Aula Magna of the Colégio Catarinense, in Florianópolis, Brazil on 18 October 1991, and at the Angelus in São Salvador da Bahia, Brazil on 20 October 1991. Pope Benedict XVI called the Church \\\"the Roman Catholic Church\\\" at a meeting in Warsaw on 25 May 2006 and in joint declarations that he signed with Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams on 23 November 2006 and with Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople on 30 November 2006. These exceptions prove the rule, however. The total usage by popes of \\\"Catholic Church\\\" rather than\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3012223\",\n \"text\": \"convicted sex offender. The Christian religion is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, who lived and preached in the 1st century AD in the province of Judea of the Roman Empire. Catholic doctrine teaches that the contemporary Catholic Church is the continuation of this early Christian community established by Jesus. Christianity spread throughout the early Roman Empire, despite persecutions due to conflicts with the pagan state religion. Emperor Constantine legalised the practice of Christianity in 313, and it became the state religion in 380. Germanic invaders of Roman territory in the 5th and 6th centuries, many of whom had\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93752\",\n \"text\": \"is called Catholic not only 'because it is spread throughout the world', but also 'because it teaches completely and without defect all the doctrines which ought to come to the knowledge of men'. This secondary sense arose out of the original meaning because Catholics claimed to teach the whole truth, and to represent the whole Church, while heresy arose out of the exaggeration of some one truth and was essentially partial and local. By \\\"Catholic Church\\\" Ignatius designated the universal church. Ignatius considered that certain heretics of his time, who disavowed that Jesus was a material being who actually suffered\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704026\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"the holy, catholic, apostolic and Roman Church\\\". From 1937 to 1972, the Constitution of Ireland recognised the \\\"special position of the Holy Catholic Apostolic and Roman Church.\\\" The Anglican Archbishop of Dublin had objected to \\\"Catholic Church\\\" and quoted the Council of Trent for the longer title, which was approved by Eugenio Pacelli and Pope Pius XI. The same name is used in a 2009 Irish law. American Catholics, who by the year 1900 were 12 million people and had a predominantly Irish clergy, objected to what they considered the \\\"reproachful\\\" terms Popish and Romish and preferred the term\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174290\",\n \"text\": \"Indians, others point to the Church as the only voice raised on behalf of indigenous peoples. The issue resulted in a crisis of conscience in 16th-century Spain. An outpouring of self-criticism and philosophical reflection among Catholic theologians, most notably Francisco de Vitoria, led to debate on the nature of human rights and the birth of modern international law. In 1521, through the leadership and preaching of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, the first Catholics were baptized in what became the first Christian nation in Southeast Asia, the Philippines. The following year, Franciscan missionaries arrived in what is now Mexico, and\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2390287\",\n \"text\": \"the bridegroom, who took the church as his bride and accorded it highest love, devotion, and sacrifice, even to the point of death.\\\" Matrimony, for most of Church history, had been celebrated (as in traditions such as the Roman and Judaic) without clergy and was done according to local customs. The first available written detailed account of a Christian wedding in the West dates only from the 9th century and appears to be identical to the old nuptial service of Ancient Rome. However, early witnesses to the practice of intervention by the clergy in the marriage of early Christians include\",\n \"title\": \"Marriage in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2447831\",\n \"text\": \"Conference of Catholic Bishops. The Catholic Church's part of the history of the United States has its background in the European colonization of the Americas. The first Catholics arrived with the Spanish missions in the Americas with Christopher Columbus' second voyage to the New World in 1493. In the 16th and 17th centuries, they established missions in what are now Florida, Georgia, New Mexico, Puerto Rico, Texas, and later in California. In addition to the Spanish, the French in the 17th century, via New France, began missionary work in Michigan, New York, Wisconsin. French colonization in the early 18th century\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174251\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Catholic Church According to tradition, the history of the Catholic Church begins with Jesus Christ and his teachings (c. 4 BC – c. AD 30) and the Catholic Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by Jesus. The Church considers its bishops to be the successors to Jesus's apostles and the Church's leader, the Bishop of Rome (also known as the Pope) to be the sole successor to Saint Peter, who ministered in Rome in the first century AD, after his appointment by Jesus as head of the church. By the end of the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174252\",\n \"text\": \"2nd century, bishops began congregating in regional synods to resolve doctrinal and policy issues. By the 3rd century, the bishop of Rome began to act as a court of appeals for problems that other bishops could not resolve. Christianity spread throughout the early Roman Empire, despite persecutions due to conflicts with the pagan state religion. In 313, the struggles of the Early Church were lessened by the legalisation of Christianity by the Emperor Constantine I. In 380, under Emperor Theodosius I, Catholicism became the state religion of the Roman Empire by the decree of the Emperor, which would persist until\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93765\",\n \"text\": \"an official plea to emperor Leopold II, begging him to ban the use of the term \\\"Acatholic\\\". The Augsburg Confession found within the Book of Concord, a compendium of belief of the Lutheran Churches, teaches that \\\"the faith as confessed by Luther and his followers is nothing new, but the true catholic faith, and that their churches represent the true catholic or universal church\\\". When the Lutherans presented the Augsburg Confession to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1530, they believe to have \\\"showed that each article of faith and practice was true first of all to Holy Scripture, and\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93744\",\n \"text\": \"incorporated into the name of the largest Christian communion, the Catholic Church (also called the Roman Catholic Church). All of the three main branches of Christianity in the East (Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and Church of the East) had always identified themselves as \\\"Catholic\\\" in accordance with Apostolic traditions and the Nicene Creed. Anglicans, Lutherans, and some Methodists also believe that their churches are \\\"Catholic\\\" in the sense that they too are in continuity with the original universal church founded by the Apostles. However, each church defines the scope of the \\\"Catholic Church\\\" differently. For instance, the Roman\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"77287\",\n \"text\": \"diocese of Rome. There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but the consensus that \\\"\\\"cardinalis\\\"\\\" from the word \\\"cardo\\\" (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be called cardinals were the deacons of the seven regions of the city at the beginning of the 6th century, when the word began to mean \\\"principal,\\\" \\\"eminent,\\\" or \\\"superior.\\\" The name was also given to the senior priest in each of the\",\n \"title\": \"Cardinal (Catholic Church)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7473401\",\n \"text\": \"Catholicity Catholicity (from Greek , \\\"catholicity of the church\\\") or catholicism (from Greek , \\\"universal doctrine\\\") is a concept that encompasses the beliefs and practices of numerous Christian denominations, most notably those that describe themselves as \\\"Catholic\\\" in accordance with the Four Marks of the Church, as expressed in the Nicene Creed of the First Council of Constantinople in 381: \\\"\\\"[I believe] in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church\\\".\\\" While \\\"catholicism\\\" is most commonly associated with the faith and practices of the Catholic Church led by the Pope in Rome, the traits of catholicity, and thus the term \\\"catholic\\\", are\",\n \"title\": \"Catholicity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93772\",\n \"text\": \"of their own Catholicity. Most Reformation and post-Reformation churches use the term \\\"Catholic\\\" (often with a lower-case \\\"c\\\") to refer to the belief that all Christians are part of one Church regardless of denominational divisions; e.g., Chapter XXV of the Westminster Confession of Faith refers to the \\\"catholic or universal Church\\\". It is in line with this interpretation, which applies the word \\\"catholic\\\" (universal) to no one denomination, that they understand the phrase \\\"one holy catholic and apostolic Church\\\" in the Nicene Creed, the phrase \\\"the Catholic faith\\\" in the Athanasian Creed and the phrase \\\"holy catholic church\\\" in the\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174263\",\n \"text\": \"teachers, known collectively as the Church Fathers. From the year 100 onward, proto-orthodox teachers like Ignatius of Antioch and Irenaeus defined Catholic teaching in stark opposition to other things, such as Gnosticism. In the first few centuries of its existence, the Church formed its teachings and traditions into a systematic whole under the influence of theological apologists such as Pope Clement I, Justin Martyr and Augustine of Hippo. Unlike most religions in the Roman Empire, Christianity required its adherents to renounce all other gods, a practice adopted from Judaism. Christians' refusal to join pagan celebrations meant they were unable to\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174270\",\n \"text\": \"outside of the empire, as their rulers feared Christians would revolt in favor of the Emperor. In 385, this new legal authority of the Church resulted in the first use of capital punishment being pronounced as a sentence upon a Christian 'heretic', namely Priscillian. During this period, the Bible as it has come down to the 21st century was first officially laid out in Church Councils or Synods through the process of official 'canonization'. Prior to these Councils or Synods, the Bible had already reached a form that was nearly identical to the form in which it is now found.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3012145\",\n \"text\": \"issued 380 by Theodosius I, the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire, when establishing the state church of the Roman Empire. Since the East–West Schism of 1054, the Eastern Church has taken the adjective \\\"Orthodox\\\" as its distinctive epithet (however, its official name continues to be the \\\"Orthodox Catholic Church\\\") and the Western Church in communion with the Holy See has similarly taken \\\"Catholic\\\", keeping that description also after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when those who ceased to be in communion became known as \\\"Protestants\\\". While the\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93761\",\n \"text\": \"bound by one common and undivided Catholicity that was uniting the Latin speaking Christians of West and the Greek speaking Christians of the East. In those days, terms \\\"eastern Catholic\\\" and \\\"western Catholic\\\" had their basic geographical meanings, generally corresponding to existing linguistic distinctions between Greek East and Latin West. In spite of various and quite frequent theological and ecclesiastical disagreements between major Christian sees, common Catholicity was preserved until the great disputes that arose between 9th and 11th century. After the East–West Schism, the notion of common Catholicity was broken and each side started to develop its own terminological\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93768\",\n \"text\": \"illius Magistri\\\" and \\\"Humani generis\\\". Another example is its self-description as \\\"the holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church\\\" (or, by separating each adjective, as the \\\"Holy, Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church\\\") in the 24 April 1870 Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith of the First Vatican Council. In all of these documents it also refers to itself both simply as the Catholic Church and by other names. The Eastern Catholic Churches, while united with Rome in the faith, have their own traditions and laws, differing from those of the Latin Rite and those of other Eastern Catholic Churches. The contemporary Catholic\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"93760\",\n \"text\": \"to the Christian religion... For my part, I should not believe the gospel except as moved by the authority of the Catholic Church. —St. Augustine (354–430): \\\"Against the Epistle of Manichaeus called Fundamental\\\", chapter 4: Proofs of the Catholic Faith. A contemporary of Augustine, St. Vincent of Lerins, wrote in 434 (under the pseudonym Peregrinus) a work known as the \\\"Commonitoria\\\" (\\\"Memoranda\\\"). While insisting that, like the human body, church doctrine develops while truly keeping its identity (sections 54-59, chapter XXIII), he stated: During early centuries of Christian history, majority of Christians who followed doctrines represented in Nicene Creed were\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3012250\",\n \"text\": \"central Catholic teachings such as transubstantiation and the requirement for love and hope as well as faith to attain salvation. In subsequent centuries, Catholicism spread widely across the world, in part through missionaries and imperialism, although its hold on European populations declined due to the growth of religious scepticism during and after the Enlightenment. From the 17th century onward, the Enlightenment questioned the power and influence of the Catholic Church over Western society. In the 18th century, writers such as Voltaire and the \\\"Encyclopédistes\\\" wrote biting critiques of both religion and the Catholic Church. One target of their criticism was\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13153176\",\n \"text\": \"high birth rates. By the end of the century, there were 12 million Catholics in the United States. During the mid 19th century, a wave of \\\"old\\\" immigrants from Europe arrived from Ireland and Germany, as well as England and the Netherlands. From 1880s to 1914 a \\\"new\\\" wave arrived from Italy, Poland and Eastern Europe. Substantial numbers of Catholics also came from French Canada during the mid-19th century and settled in New England. After 1911 large numbers of Mexicans arrived. Many Catholics stopped practicing their religion or became Protestants. However there were about 700,000 converts to Catholicism from 1813\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2129280\",\n \"text\": \"Christian that does not invalidate that Christian's baptism. This can be traced back to the New Testament and to Jesus himself: , , , , , , , , , , , , . Saint Ignatius of Antioch, the earliest known writer to use the phrase \\\"the catholic church\\\", excluded from the Church heterodox groups whose teaching and practice conflicted with those of the bishops of the Church, and considered that they were not really Christians. In keeping with this idea, many churches and communions consider that those whom they judge to be in a state of heresy or schism\",\n \"title\": \"Christian Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"86745\",\n \"text\": \"of nations in which the Catholic Church is the established religion of the state or to those with ecclesiastical concordats with the Holy See. The Anglo-Saxon term \\\"cristendom\\\" appears to have been invented in the 9th century by a scribe somewhere in southern England, possibly at the court of king Alfred the Great of Wessex. The scribe was translating Paulus Orosius' book \\\"History Against the Pagans\\\" (c. 416) and in need for a term to express the concept of the universal culture focused on Jesus Christ. It had the sense now taken by \\\"Christianity\\\" (as is still the case with\",\n \"title\": \"Christendom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704015\",\n \"text\": \"the name continued to be widely used in English-speaking countries, including the United States. However, by 1900, U.S. Catholics numbered 12 million, with a predominantly Irish clergy. Accordingly, they had an arguably more influential voice than the recusants in the United Kingdom, and objected to what they considered the \\\"reproachful\\\" terms \\\"Popish\\\" and \\\"Romish\\\", preferring the term \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" rather than the former when presented with the two alternatives. Formulations such as the \\\"Holy Roman Church\\\" or the \\\"Roman Catholic Church\\\" were sometimes used by officials of the Catholic Church before and after the Reformation, especially in the context of\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13153195\",\n \"text\": \"Irish Catholic laymen were deeply involved in American politics, but the bishops and priests kept their distance. By the beginning of the 20th century, approximately one-sixth of the population of the United States was Roman Catholic. By the end of the 20th century, Catholics constituted 24% of the population. It was John J. Burke, editor of the Catholic World, who first recognized the urgency of the moment. Burke had long argued for a national outlook and sense of unity among the country’s Catholics. The war provided the impetus to initiate these efforts. The Catholic hierarchy was eager to show its\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3012247\",\n \"text\": \"clerical appointments in the new colonies. In 1521 the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan made the first Catholic converts in the Philippines. Elsewhere, Portuguese missionaries under the Spanish Jesuit Francis Xavier evangelised in India, China, and Japan. In 1517, Martin Luther, an Augustinian friar in Germany, sent his \\\"Ninety-Five Theses\\\" to several bishops. His theses protested key points of Catholic doctrine as well as the sale of indulgences. In Switzerland, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers further criticised Catholic teachings. These challenges developed into the European movement called the Protestant Reformation, which gave birth to a variety of Christian\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3012230\",\n \"text\": \"dependent on the idea that Peter was Bishop of Rome or even on his ever having been in Rome. Many scholars hold that a church structure of plural presbyters/bishops persisted in Rome until the mid-2nd century, when the structure of a single bishop and plural presbyters was adopted, and that later writers retrospectively applied the term \\\"bishop of Rome\\\" to the most prominent members of the clergy in the earlier period and also to Peter himself. On this basis, Oscar Cullmann, Henry Chadwick, and Bart D. Ehrman question whether there was a formal link between Peter and the modern papacy.\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2390294\",\n \"text\": \"of most Catholic sacraments. In reaction, the Council of Trent on 3 March 1547 carefully named and defined the Catholic Church's sacraments, reaffirming the teaching that marriage is a sacrament − from 1184, 1208, 1274 and 1439. Recalling scripture, the apostolic traditions and the declarations of previous councils and of the Church Fathers, the bishops declared that there were precisely seven sacraments, with marriage one of them, and that all seven are truly and properly sacraments. Desiderius Erasmus had influenced the debate in the first part of the 16th century by publishing in 1518 an essay in praise of marriage\",\n \"title\": \"Marriage in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704045\",\n \"text\": \"Churches. As of January 2009, there were 630 Roman Catholic archdioceses, Western and Eastern. The Second Vatican Council did not use the term \\\"Roman Catholic Church\\\", and in one important passage of the dogmatic constitution \\\"Lumen gentium\\\" replaced it with an equivalent phrase, \\\"the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in union with that successor,\\\" while also giving in a footnote a reference to two earlier documents in which the word \\\"Roman\\\" was used explicitly. But as the prominent theologian at the Council Karl Rahner pointed out, by the 1960s the Church\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13458952\",\n \"text\": \"the title comes into constant use as the special prerogative of the kings of France. In later times, the Emperor Frederick III, addressing Charles VII, wrote: \\\"Your ancestors have won for your name the title Most Christian, as a heritage not to be separated from it.\\\" From the pontificate of Paul II (1464), the popes, in addressing bulls to the kings of France, always use the style and title \\\"Rex Christianissimus\\\". Furthermore, European public opinion always looked upon St. Joan of Arc, who saved the French monarchy, as the heroine of Christendom, and believed that the Maid of Orléans meant\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in France\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6061153\",\n \"text\": \"body and blood, soul and divinity. This belief is succinctly summarised in St. Thomas Aquinas' hymn, \\\"Adoro Te Devote\\\". The mysterious change of the reality of the bread and wine began to be called \\\"transubstantiation\\\" in the 11th century. The earliest known text in which the term appears is a sermon of 1079 by Gilbert of Savardin, Archbishop of Tours, (\\\"Patrologia Latina\\\" CLXXI 776). The first appearance of the term in a papal document was in the letter of Pope Innocent III \\\"Cum Marthae circa\\\" to John of Canterbury on 29 November 1202, then briefly in the decree \\\"Firmiter credimus\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Eucharistic theology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13788722\",\n \"text\": \"legalistic proclamation supposed to be read to local populations in the New World, demanding that the local populations convert to Roman Catholicism, on pain of slavery or death, and intended to give legal colour to the actions of the Spanish. This drew on earlier precedents going back centuries, used in conflicts with the Muslims and Guanches, and originally perhaps copying the Islamic \\\"dawah\\\". The most famous version was used between 1510 and 1556, but others were used until the 18th century. It was introduced after Dominican friars accompanying the conquistadors protested to the Crown at the enslavement of the Indians.\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church and slavery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174259\",\n \"text\": \"had encouraged inhabitants, especially those in urban areas, to learn Greek, and the common language allowed ideas to be more easily expressed and understood. Jesus's apostles gained converts in Jewish communities around the Mediterranean Sea, and over 40 Christian communities had been established by 100. Although most of these were in the Roman Empire, notable Christian communities were also established in Armenia, Iran and along the Indian Malabar Coast. The new religion was most successful in urban areas, spreading first among slaves and people of low social standing, and then among aristocratic women. At first, Christians continued to worship alongside\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704020\",\n \"text\": \"the Speech from the Throne, the term \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" was used. By the early 19th century, the term \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" had become well established in the English-speaking world. As the movement that led to Catholic Emancipation through the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829 grew, many Anglicans and Protestants generally began to accept that being a Roman Catholic was not synonymous with being disloyal to the British Crown. While believing that in the past the term \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" may have been synonymous with \\\"rebel\\\", they held that it was by then as indicative of loyalty as membership in any other\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13153204\",\n \"text\": \"war-torn 1930s. This grew into a \\\"house of hospitality\\\" in the slums of New York City and then a series of farms for people to live together communally. The movement quickly spread to other cities in the United States, and to Canada and the United Kingdom; more than 30 independent but affiliated CW communities had been founded by 1941. Well over 100 communities exist today, including several in Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, The Netherlands, the Republic of Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, and Sweden. The Catholic Conference on Industrial Problems (1923–1937) was conceived by Fr. Raymond McGowan as a\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3012147\",\n \"text\": \"The names \\\"Catholic Church\\\" and \\\"Roman Church\\\" were also used in the documents of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the First Vatican Council (1869–1870), the Council of Trent (1545–1563), and numerous other official documents. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. There are three levels of clergy, the episcopate, composed of bishops who hold jurisdiction over a geographic area called a diocese or eparchy; the presbyterate, composed of priests ordained by bishops and who work in local diocese or\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13153157\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but most of the Spanish and French influences had faded by 1800. The Catholic Church grew through immigration, especially from Europe (Germany and Ireland at first, and in 1890-1914 from Italy, Poland and Eastern Europe.) In the nineteenth century the Church set up an elaborate infrastructure, based on diocese run by bishops appointed by the pope. Each diocese set up a network of parishes, schools, colleges, hospitals, orphanages and other charitable institutions. Many priests arrived from France and Ireland,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17997711\",\n \"text\": \"History of Catholic education in the United States The History of Catholic Education in The United States extends from the early colonial era in Louisiana and Maryland to the parochial school system set up in most parishes in the 19th century, to hundreds of colleges, all down to the present. There was a small Catholic population in the English colonies, chiefly in Maryland. It supported local schools, often under Jesuit auspices. The small Catholic Spanish communities in New Mexico and California, which joined the United States in 1848, had little in the way of organized schooling. Much more important were\",\n \"title\": \"History of Catholic education in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7705448\",\n \"text\": \"Republicans, and 134 (out of 435) Catholics in the United States House of Representatives, including the current House Speaker Paul Ryan. In 2008, Joe Biden became the first Catholic to be elected Vice President of the United States. His successor Mike Pence was raised Catholic but converted to Protestantism later in life. Before 1840 Catholics constituted a small minority and therefore played a relatively minor role in early American history. Only in Maryland were there significant numbers, and Baltimore became an early Catholic center. During the American Revolution until the late 18th century, about 1% of the American population (about\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church and politics in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16652607\",\n \"text\": \"Alexandria, to Philemon, a Roman presbyter: Which translates into: From the early 3rd century the title was applied generically to all bishops. The earliest extant record of the word \\\"papa\\\" being used in reference to a Bishop of Rome dates to late 3rd century, when it was applied to Pope Marcellinus. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest recorded use of the title \\\"pope\\\" in English is in an Old English translation (\\\"c\\\". 950) of Bede's \\\"Ecclesiastical History of the English People\\\": In Modern English: The title \\\"pope\\\" continues to be used by Alexandrian bishops; both the Coptic Orthodox\",\n \"title\": \"Pope (word)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15577820\",\n \"text\": \"there are a few possible references to it that date back to the 1st century or early 2nd century, e.g., 1 Clement written in \\\"c.\\\" AD 96, and the later church historian Eusebius wrote that Origen had made reference to the epistle before 250. Jerome says that Peter \\\"wrote two epistles which are called Catholic, the second of which, on account of its difference from the first in style, is considered by many not to be by him\\\". \\\"(De Viris Illustribus 1)\\\" But he himself received the epistle, and explained the difference in style and character and structure of words\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Peter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174257\",\n \"text\": \"presbyters/bishops persisted in Rome until the mid-2nd century, when the structure of a single bishop and plural presbyters was adopted, and that later writers retrospectively applied the term \\\"bishop of Rome\\\" to the most prominent members of the clergy in the earlier period and also to Peter himself. On this basis, Oscar Cullmann and Henry Chadwick question whether there was a formal link between Peter and the modern papacy, and Raymond E. Brown says that, while it is anachronistic to speak of Peter in terms of local bishop of Rome, Christians of that period would have looked on Peter as\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13153175\",\n \"text\": \"British-America-born Catholic priest. In 1788, after the Revolution, John Jay urged the New York Legislature to require office-holders to renounce foreign authorities \\\"in all matters ecclesiastical as well as civil.\\\" In one state, North Carolina, the Protestant test oath would not be changed until 1868. The Catholic population of the United States, which had been 35,000 in 1790, increased to 195,000 in 1820 and then ballooned to about 1.6 million in 1850, by which time, Catholics had become the country’s largest denomination. Between 1860 and 1890 the population of Roman Catholics in the United States tripled primarily through immigration and\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2447879\",\n \"text\": \"the population of the United States was Catholic. Modern Catholic immigrants come to the United States from the Philippines, Poland and Latin America, especially from Mexico. This multiculturalism and diversity has influenced the conduct of Catholicism in the United States. For example, some dioceses say the Mass in both English and Spanish. Sociologist Andrew Greeley, an ordained Catholic priest at the University of Chicago, undertook a series of national surveys of Catholics in the late 20th century. He published hundreds of books and articles, both technical and popular. His biographer summarizes his interpretation: In 1965, 71% of Catholics attended Mass.\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704023\",\n \"text\": \"serve this population, and \\\"Roman Catholic parishes\\\" were established. The terms \\\"Roman Catholic\\\" and \\\"Holy Roman Catholic\\\" thus gained widespread use in the United States in the 19th century, both in popular usage and within official documents. In 1866 President Andrew Johnson attended a meeting of the \\\"Council of the Roman Catholic Church\\\". There is sometimes controversy about the name \\\"Roman Catholic Church\\\" when it is used by members of other churches to suggest that the church in full communion with Rome is only one part of the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. This argument is linked especially with\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20260570\",\n \"text\": \"likewise supported the death penalty. Meanwhile canon 15 of the Council of Trolsy (AD 909) warned against \\\"pollution with men or animals\\\". Alongside this, penances for such sexual transgressions may increasingly be found in a few of the penitential books which first emerged in the 6th century in monastic communities in Ireland (including for women having sex with other women). By the late Middle Ages, the term \\\"sodomy\\\" had come to cover copulation between males, bestiality, and non-vaginal heterosexual intercourse, coitus interruptus, masturbation, fellatio and anal sex (whether heterosexual or homosexual); and it increasingly began to be identified as the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church and homosexuality\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2390284\",\n \"text\": \"term \\\"sacrament\\\" was applied. Explicit classification of marriage in this way came in reaction to the contrary teaching of Catharism that marriage and procreation are evil: the first official declaration that marriage is a sacrament was made at the 1184 Council of Verona as part of a condemnation of the Cathars. In 1208, Pope Innocent III required members of another religious movement, that of the Waldensians, to recognize that marriage is a sacrament as a condition for being received back into the Catholic Church. In 1254, Catholics accused Waldensians of condemning the sacrament of marriage, \\\"saying that married persons sin\",\n \"title\": \"Marriage in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7473411\",\n \"text\": \"Reformation, after which many parts of the Western Church rejected Papal authority, and some of the teachings of the Western Church at that time, and became known as \\\"Reformed\\\" or \\\"Protestant\\\". A much less extensive rupture occurred when, after the Roman Catholic Church's First Vatican Council, in which it officially proclaimed the dogma of papal infallibility, small clusters of Catholics in the Netherlands and in German-speaking countries formed the Old-Catholic (Altkatholische) Church. Use of the terms \\\"catholicity\\\" and \\\"catholicism\\\" depends on context. For times preceding the Great Schism, it refers to the Nicene Creed and especially to tenets of Christology,\",\n \"title\": \"Catholicity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"132098\",\n \"text\": \"of Constantinople. There are additional Christian churches in the east that are in communion with neither Rome nor Constantinople, who tend to be distinguished by the category named \\\"Oriental Orthodox\\\". While the Church continues officially to call itself \\\"Catholic\\\", for reasons of universality, the common title of \\\"Eastern Orthodox Church\\\" avoids casual confusion with the Catholic Church. The first known use of the phrase \\\"the Catholic Church\\\" (\\\"he katholike ekklesia\\\") occurred in a letter written about 110 AD from one Greek church to another (Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans) The letter states: \\\"Wheresoever the bishop shall appear, there\",\n \"title\": \"Eastern Orthodox Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13458941\",\n \"text\": \"the East, whom France was thus trying to protect, there has survived a lasting gratitude toward the nation of St. Louis. In the days of St. Louis the influence of the French epic literature in Europe was supreme. Brunetto Latini, as early as the middle of the 13th century, wrote that, \\\"of all speech [parlures] that of the French was the most charming, and the most in favour with everyone.\\\" French held sway in England until the middle of the 14th century; it was fluently spoken at the Court of Constantinople at the time of the Fourth Crusade; and in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in France\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"311875\",\n \"text\": \"spiritual influence on 1.3 billion Catholics and beyond, as well as the official representative of the Catholic Church being the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world, with a vast international network of charities. The word \\\"pope\\\" derives from Greek πάππας meaning \\\"father\\\". In the early centuries of Christianity, this title was applied, especially in the east, to all bishops and other senior clergy, and later became reserved in the west to the Bishop of Rome, a reservation made official only in the 11th century. The earliest record of the use of this title was in\",\n \"title\": \"Pope\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5364721\",\n \"text\": \"earth to mean that the Church, built of the Rock of Peter, is the body of Christ, the Rock from Heaven, and that the Rock will eventually cover the entire Earth which is why the term Catholic (universal or worldwide) is the most common designation for the Catholic Church. Irenaeus has been called the most important witness of the Christianity in the 2nd century. Taught by Polycarp, who had been instructed by John the apostle, Irenaeus became bishop of Lyons in 178. In his \\\"Against the Heresies\\\", Irenaeus wrote, \\\"Although there are many dialects in the world, the force of\",\n \"title\": \"Primacy of Peter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14396152\",\n \"text\": \"did away with the distinction. In summary, with the exception of the three-year period 1588-1591, early abortion was not prohibited by Catholic canon law until 1869. In the Middle Ages, many Church commentators condemned all abortions, but the 14th-century Dominican John of Naples is reported to have been the first to make an influential explicit statement that if the purpose was to save the mother's life abortion was actually permitted, provided that ensoulment had not been attained. This view met both support and rejection from other theologians. In the 16th century, while Thomas Sanchez accepted it, Antoninus de Corbuba made\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church and abortion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13898764\",\n \"text\": \"19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States The 19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States was characterized by several unsuccessful attempts by Catholics to culturally integrate themselves into the mainstream American culture of that century. Only during the 20th century did this fully succeed, with the election of John F. Kennedy to the presidency in 1960. During the 19th century, a wave of immigrants from Ireland, Germany, Italy, Eastern Europe and elsewhere swelled the number of Roman Catholics. Substantial numbers of Catholics also came from French Canada during the mid-19th century and settled in\",\n \"title\": \"19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13153180\",\n \"text\": \"areas. In cities with large Catholic populations (such as Chicago and Boston) there was a flow of teachers, administrators, and students from one system to the other. Catholic schools began as a program to shelter Catholic students from Protestant teachers (and schoolmates) in the new system of public schools that emerged in the 1840s. In 1875, Republican President Ulysses S. Grant called for a Constitutional amendment that would prohibit the use of public funds for \\\"sectarian\\\" schools. Grant feared a future with \\\"patriotism and intelligence on one side and superstition, ambition and greed on the other\\\" which he identified with\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3253216\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic epistles The Catholic epistles (also called the universal epistles or general epistles) are seven epistles of the New Testament. Listed in order of their appearance in the New Testament, the Catholic epistles are: The word \\\"Catholic\\\" in the term \\\"Catholic epistles\\\" has been a convention dating from the 4th century. At the time, that word simply meant 'general', and was not specifically tied to any denomination, for example, what would later become known as the Roman Catholic Church. Nevertheless, to avoid the impression these letters are only recognised in Catholicism, alternative terms such as 'general epistles' or 'general missionary\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic epistles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"33420\",\n \"text\": \"which is the ecumenically accepted modern translation of the International Committee on English Texts (1975) as amended by the subsequent successor body, the English Language Liturgical Consultation (1987). This form of the Apostles' Creed can be found incorporated into the Eucharistic and Baptismal Liturgies in the Hymnal and in \\\"The United Methodist Book of Worship\\\", and hence it is growing in popularity and use. The word \\\"catholic\\\" is intentionally left lowercase in the sense that the word catholic applies to the universal and ecumenical Christian church. The liturgical communities in western Christianity that derive their rituals from the Roman Missal,\",\n \"title\": \"Apostles' Creed\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2447874\",\n \"text\": \"the 1920s, were active in the United States. Animosity by Protestants waned as Catholics demonstrated their patriotism in war, their commitment to charity, and their dedication to democratic values. The bishops began at standardizing discipline in the American Church with the convocation of the Plenary Councils of Baltimore in 1852, 1866 and 1884. These councils resulted in the promulgation of the Baltimore Catechism and the establishment of The Catholic University of America. After the Civil War, Catholics were legally treated equally to other religions under the US Constitution with the passage of the 14th Amendment. Jesuit priests who had been\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"311876\",\n \"text\": \"regard to the by then deceased Patriarch of Alexandria, Pope Heraclas of Alexandria (232–248). The earliest recorded use of the title \\\"pope\\\" in English dates to the mid-10th century, when it was used in reference to the 7th century Roman Pope Vitalian in an Old English translation of Bede's \\\"Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum\\\". The Catholic Church teaches that the pastoral office, the office of shepherding the Church, that was held by the apostles, as a group or \\\"college\\\" with Saint Peter as their head, is now held by their successors, the bishops, with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as\",\n \"title\": \"Pope\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174355\",\n \"text\": \"dramatic changes in policy as well—for example removing conservatives from high Vatican positions, calling on bishops to lead a simpler life, and taking a more pastoral attitude towards homosexuality. History of the Catholic Church According to tradition, the history of the Catholic Church begins with Jesus Christ and his teachings (c. 4 BC – c. AD 30) and the Catholic Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by Jesus. The Church considers its bishops to be the successors to Jesus's apostles and the Church's leader, the Bishop of Rome (also known as the Pope) to be the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174278\",\n \"text\": \"monasteries that began in 910 placed abbots under the direct control of the pope rather than the secular control of feudal lords, thus eliminating a major source of corruption. This sparked a great monastic renewal. Monasteries, convents and cathedrals still operated virtually all schools and libraries, and often functioned as credit establishments promoting economic growth. After 1100, some older cathedral schools split into lower grammar schools and higher schools for advanced learning. First in Bologna, then at Paris and Oxford, many of these higher schools developed into universities and became the direct ancestors of modern Western institutions of learning. It\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10773804\",\n \"text\": \"followers of the faith. Ignatius of Antioch was the first known Christian to use the label in self-reference and made the earliest recorded use of the term \\\"Christianity\\\" (Greek ), around AD 100. The Christian movement was referred to as 'The Way' () based upon the well known statement by Jesus: \\\"I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.\\\" . Consequently, it appears in the Acts of the Apostles, , and ). Some English translations of the New Testament capitalize 'the Way' (e.g. the New King James Version and the\",\n \"title\": \"History of early Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704013\",\n \"text\": \"It is instead a term that became common among non-Catholics, especially in English, which is now occasionally used by Roman Catholic officials. \\\"Catholic\\\" is one of the Four Marks of the Church set out in the Nicene Creed, a statement of belief accepted by members of many denominations some of which assert belief in an invisible form of \\\"Christian Church\\\" analogous to branch theory and Protestant ecclesiology. Branch theory would believe in an invisible Christian Church structure binding various Christian denominations together whether in formal communion or not. The term \\\"Roman\\\", as in the \\\"Roman Church\\\", has been used since\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3012226\",\n \"text\": \"the 17th century by secular intellectuals in the Enlightenment. Concurrently, Spanish and Portuguese explorers and missionaries spread the church's influence through Africa, Asia, and the New World. In 1870, the First Vatican Council declared the dogma of papal infallibility and the Kingdom of Italy annexed the city of Rome, the last portion of the Papal States to be incorporated into the new nation. In the 20th century, anti-clerical governments around the world, including Mexico and Spain, persecuted or executed thousands of clerics and laypersons. In the Second World War, the church condemned Nazism, and protected hundreds of thousands of Jews\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13704053\",\n \"text\": \"were previously Eastern or Oriental Orthodox, although some consider this term derogatory. Official Catholic documents no longer use the term, due to its perceived negative overtones. In fact, according to John Erickson of Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, \\\"The term 'uniate' itself, once used with pride in the Roman communion, had long since come to be considered as pejorative. 'Eastern Rite Catholic' also was no longer in vogue because it might suggest that the Catholics in question differed from Latins only in the externals of worship. The Second Vatican Council affirmed rather that Eastern Catholics constituted \\\"churches\\\", whose vocation was\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic (term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12174274\",\n \"text\": \"to begin the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons, and, coming the other way in the Hiberno-Scottish mission, Saints Colombanus, Boniface, Willibrord, Ansgar and many others took Christianity into northern Europe and spread Catholicism among the Germanic, and Slavic peoples, and reached the Vikings and other Scandinavians in later centuries. The Synod of Whitby of 664, though not as decisive as sometimes claimed, was an important moment in the reintegration of the Celtic Church of the British Isles into the Roman hierarchy, after having been effectively cut off from contact with Rome by the pagan invaders. In the early 8th century, Byzantine\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the first time the word catholic was used"}}},{"rowIdx":98,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["5,100"],"string":"[\n \"5,100\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"8834033","text":"O'Reilly Auto Parts O’Reilly Auto Parts is an American auto parts retailer that provides automotive aftermarket parts, tools, supplies, equipment, and accessories in the United States serving both the professional service providers and do-it-yourself customers. Founded in 1957 by the O’Reilly family, the company operates more than 5,100 stores in 47 states. O’Reilly Automotive, Inc. officially started in the auto parts business with one store in Springfield, Missouri, in December 1957. Michael Byrne O’Reilly immigrated to America in 1849, settling in St. Louis, he worked his way through school to earn a law degree, and then pursued a career as","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts"},{"id":"8834040","text":"President and Chief Financial Officer; and Brad Beckham, Executive Vice President of Store Operations and Sales. O'Reilly Auto Parts O’Reilly Auto Parts is an American auto parts retailer that provides automotive aftermarket parts, tools, supplies, equipment, and accessories in the United States serving both the professional service providers and do-it-yourself customers. Founded in 1957 by the O’Reilly family, the company operates more than 5,100 stores in 47 states. O’Reilly Automotive, Inc. officially started in the auto parts business with one store in Springfield, Missouri, in December 1957. Michael Byrne O’Reilly immigrated to America in 1849, settling in St. Louis, he","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts"},{"id":"8834037","text":"in Texas and Louisiana, as well as a distribution center in Houston, Texas. The Hi/LO acquisition made O’Reilly one of the top 10 auto parts chains in the country. On April 25, 2000, the firm announced the purchase of KarPro Auto Parts, which included a 66,000 square foot distribution center in Little Rock, Arkansas, and 14 KarPro stores. On October 1, 2001, O’Reilly purchased Mid-State Automotive Distributors, Inc., adding 82 additional auto parts stores in seven states, as well as two distribution centers. The acquisition made the firm one of the top five auto parts chains in the country. It","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts"},{"id":"8834038","text":"added its eleventh distribution center in Atlanta, Georgia, in March 2005. On May 31, 2005, O’Reilly purchased Midwest Automotive Distributors, Inc., adding 72 retail locations in Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, as well as two distribution centers located in Minnesota and Montana. On July 11, 2008, the company completed the largest acquisition in its history with the purchase of CSK Auto, adding 1,273 stores in 12 states. This, combined with past acquisitions, made O’Reilly the third largest auto parts chain in the country after Advance Auto Parts and AutoZone. In December 2012, O’Reilly announced it was","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts"},{"id":"8834039","text":"purchasing the auto parts business of VIP Parts, Tires and Service, a Lewiston, Maine-based chain of 56 auto parts stores and service centers with locations in Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, and one distribution center in Maine. The purchase marked the firm’s expansion into New England. On October 26, 2016, O'Reilly announced that it was acquiring Bond Auto Parts, a 51-store chain headquartered in Vermont with locations in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and New York as well. Executive officers of the company include Greg Johnson, Chief Executive Officer and Co-President; Jeff Shaw, Chief Operating Officer and Co-President; Tom McFall, Executive Vice","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts"},{"id":"8834036","text":"In March 1975, annual sales volume rose to $7 million and a 52,000 square-foot facility at 233 S. Patterson was built for the O’Reilly/Ozark warehouse operation. By that time, the company had nine stores, all located in southwest Missouri. On April 23, 1993, the company completed an initial public offering, and it now trades on the NASDAQ market under the symbol ORLY. The company also has a stock purchase plan to enable as many full-time team members as possible to own stock in the company. On January 30, 1998, O’Reilly merged with Hi/LO Auto Supply, adding 182 auto parts stores","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts"},{"id":"9679098","text":"Advance Auto Parts Advance Auto Parts is a retailer of automotive parts and accessories in the United States headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina. AAP was founded in 1932 and had 2017 sales of approximately $9.37 billion. The combined enterprise of AAP (including Carquest branded stores) operates over 5,200 company-owned and 1,300 independently owned stores covering every U.S. state, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and Canada with more than 70,000 employees. It is the auto parts company with most stores after acquiring General Parts Incorporated in October 2013. In 2005, Advance Auto Parts purchased AutoPart International, Inc. which operates 202 stores","title":"Advance Auto Parts"},{"id":"9679108","text":"that once purchased by the customer are displayed on the store windows. Advance Auto Parts Advance Auto Parts is a retailer of automotive parts and accessories in the United States headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina. AAP was founded in 1932 and had 2017 sales of approximately $9.37 billion. The combined enterprise of AAP (including Carquest branded stores) operates over 5,200 company-owned and 1,300 independently owned stores covering every U.S. state, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and Canada with more than 70,000 employees. It is the auto parts company with most stores after acquiring General Parts Incorporated in October 2013. In","title":"Advance Auto Parts"},{"id":"20607286","text":"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The 2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 8, 2018, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the seventh race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. Texas Motor Speedway is a speedway located in the northernmost portion of the U.S. city of Fort Worth, Texas – the portion located in Denton County, Texas. The track measures around and is banked 24 degrees in the turns, and is of the","title":"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"16714082","text":"KOI Auto Parts KOI Auto Parts is an American chain of auto parts stores founded in 1946 in Newport, Kentucky. Today KOI Auto Parts operates more than 70 stores located throughout the US states Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. The corporate headquarters of KOI Auto Parts is located in Cincinnati, Ohio. KOI Auto Parts is a supplier of OE and aftermarket import, domestic, and collision replacement automotive parts, automotive refinish supplies, equipment, tools and various other parts and services. KOI Auto Parts originally started as Nelter Oil Company, a gas and service station, by the Neltner family, father William and sons","title":"KOI Auto Parts"},{"id":"20607289","text":"for the television side. The race was broadcast on radio by the Performance Racing Network and simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. 2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The 2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 8, 2018, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the seventh race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. Texas Motor Speedway is a speedway located in the northernmost portion of the U.S. city of Fort Worth, Texas – the","title":"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"20076847","text":"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 9, 2017, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the seventh race of the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. Texas Motor Speedway is a speedway located in the northernmost portion of the U.S. city of Fort Worth, Texas – the portion located in Denton County, Texas. The track measures around and is banked 24 degrees in the turns, and is of the","title":"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"8005238","text":"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race) The O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 is a NASCAR Xfinity Series stock car race that takes place at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. The race came about from the results of the Ferko lawsuit in 2004. With Darlington Raceway forced to forfeit its Southern 500 weekend as a result of the lawsuit, TMS gained a second weekend on the schedule for the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and Xfinity Series racing, and fifth race for the NASCAR Xfinity Series playoffs. The 2008 race was won by Kyle Busch, breaking Kevin Harvick's string of","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race)"},{"id":"16714085","text":"announced, effective April 1, 2014, that Fisher Auto Parts will acquire controlling interest in the company. However, there should be minimal visible changes to KOI Auto Parts as a result of the merger. Fisher Auto Parts now has 470 locations, plus more than 100 independent jobbers in 18 states. KOI Auto Parts KOI Auto Parts is an American chain of auto parts stores founded in 1946 in Newport, Kentucky. Today KOI Auto Parts operates more than 70 stores located throughout the US states Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. The corporate headquarters of KOI Auto Parts is located in Cincinnati, Ohio. KOI","title":"KOI Auto Parts"},{"id":"6182746","text":"Kragen Auto Parts stores as O'Reilly Auto Parts stores during a multi-year process that was finally completed in 2011. On March 5, 2009 the SEC filed a civil injunction against 4 former members of CSK Auto. The former members were charged with accounting fraud for the years of 2002, 2003, and 2004. CSK Auto CSK Auto, Inc. was a specialty retailer of automotive parts and accessories in the western United States. CSK Auto became a publicly traded company in March 1998, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, and grew through a combination of acquisitions and organic growth. It was acquired in 2008","title":"CSK Auto"},{"id":"8834035","text":"which would have included the retirement of 72-year-old Charles F. O’Reilly, and the transfer of Chub O’Reilly to Kansas City. Since neither agreed with these plans, they made the decision to form their own company, O’Reilly Automotive, Inc. They opened for business on December 2, 1957, with one store and 13 employees at 403 Sherman in Springfield. Their sales totaled $700,000 in 1958, their first full year of business. By 1961, the company’s volume had reached $1.3 million — the combined volume of O’Reilly Automotive and Ozark Automotive Distributors, a division formed to serve independent automotive jobbers in the area.","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts"},{"id":"20076860","text":"Darrell Waltrip had the call in the booth for the race. Jamie Little, Vince Welch and Matt Yocum handled the pit road duties for the television side. The race was broadcast on radio by the Performance Racing Network and simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 9, 2017, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the seventh race of the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup","title":"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"8005239","text":"three consecutive wins in this race. O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race) The O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 is a NASCAR Xfinity Series stock car race that takes place at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. The race came about from the results of the Ferko lawsuit in 2004. With Darlington Raceway forced to forfeit its Southern 500 weekend as a result of the lawsuit, TMS gained a second weekend on the schedule for the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and Xfinity Series racing, and fifth race for the NASCAR Xfinity Series playoffs. The 2008 race was won by Kyle","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race)"},{"id":"4960174","text":"with the North Wilkesboro Speedway being bought by TMS owner Bruton Smith and New Hampshire International Speedway owner Bob Bahre. The track was closed with one of the track's two dates going to both new owners. The North Carolina Speedway in Rockingham, North Carolina was also sold to Smith as a result of the Ferko lawsuit with the track's one remaining date also being handed over to Texas. Texas Motor Speedway is home to two Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races: the O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 and the AAA Texas 500, as well as two Xfinity Series races, the O'Reilly","title":"Texas Motor Speedway"},{"id":"10286271","text":"Chief Auto Parts Chief Auto Parts was a United States-based auto parts store chain that had stores located in the states of Tennessee, Texas, Nevada, Arizona, Arkansas and California. Chief was founded in 1955 in Norwalk, California by Vern Johnson and Lorin Tuthill. The company grew to 119 stores when it was sold to Southland in 1979. After passing through several different owners during the next two decades, the company grew to over 500 stores before it was sold to AutoZone in 1998. Chief was founded in 1955 in Norwalk, California by Vern Johnson and Lorin Tuthill. The chain grew","title":"Chief Auto Parts"},{"id":"19432748","text":"3 April and they now have 14 branches open in the ROI following the launch of the Roscommon store on 27 November 2017. In December 2017, LKQ Euro purchased Stahlgruber. Euro Car Parts Euro Car Parts is a distributor of car parts and accessories with over 200 locations across the UK and Ireland. The company was bought by LKQ Corporation in October 2011 for £255 million. The company was founded when Sukhpal Singh Ahluwalia opened a motor parts shop in Willesden, North West London, in 1978. Euro Car Parts now have two hundred branches nationwide, having opened their 200th branch","title":"Euro Car Parts"},{"id":"3084007","text":"2007, Bill Rhodes, then 42, was named chairman, president and chief executive officer of AutoZone, Inc. on June 6. In 2008, AutoZone opened their 4,000th store in Houston, Texas. Sales hit $6.2 billion. On August 17, 2012, AutoZone expanded into their 49th state Alaska by opening their 5,000th store in Wasilla, Alaska In 2012 AutoZone opened their first store in Brazil. In December 2012, AutoZone purchased AutoAnything.com, an ecommerce leader in aftermarket automotive parts based in San Diego, California. By April 2017, AutoZone had been the largest retailer of automotive parts in North America for three consecutive years. As of","title":"AutoZone"},{"id":"9381905","text":"PartSource PartSource Inc. is a Canadian automotive parts retail chain owned by Canadian Tire. It sells name brand automotive parts, specializing in commercial sales and sales to customers who work on their own vehicles. Founded in 1999, the retailer has 86 stores in Nova Scotia, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Originally composed of corporately owned and franchise-operated stores, as of November 2013 all PartSource stores are owned and operated by Canadian Tire Corporation. Most of the 15,000 products are name brand items. As of March 6, 2015 PartSource no longer offers a 10% price match guarantee. Prior to this they","title":"PartSource"},{"id":"10286274","text":"Tennessee, Arkansas and Arizona. In 1998, Trust Company of the West sold Chief to Memphis, Tennessee based AutoZone for $280 million in cash and debt assumption. At the time of the sale, Chief had 556 auto parts stores, primarily in California and Texas. From 1992 until its merger with AutoZone, the company's CEO was David H. Eisenberg. Corporate Office was located at 5400 Lyndon B Johnson Freeway, Suite 200, Dallas, Texas 75240 at the time of the sale. Texas Regional Warehouse was located at 1515 Wade Drive, Seagoville, TX, 75159. The former Chief stores were converted into AutoZone stores or","title":"Chief Auto Parts"},{"id":"5529182","text":"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at Texas Motor Speedway (TMS) in Fort Worth, Texas. Even though it is advertised as a \"500-mile\" race, because TMS is a track that is in length, the actual race distance is . The first two runnings of the race were controversial, crash-strewn affairs, with universal criticism that the track's design was one groove; Kenny Wallace argued, \"They're so busy building condos they don't have time to fix the racetrack.\" There were 10 different winners in the first ten races,","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"9381906","text":"would match and beat any local competitor's price by 10%. PartSource PartSource Inc. is a Canadian automotive parts retail chain owned by Canadian Tire. It sells name brand automotive parts, specializing in commercial sales and sales to customers who work on their own vehicles. Founded in 1999, the retailer has 86 stores in Nova Scotia, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Originally composed of corporately owned and franchise-operated stores, as of November 2013 all PartSource stores are owned and operated by Canadian Tire Corporation. Most of the 15,000 products are name brand items. As of March 6, 2015 PartSource no longer","title":"PartSource"},{"id":"6182744","text":"the $1-billion barrier for the first time, and the company opened, expanded, or relocated a total of 130 more stores. In June 1999, CSK added 86 more Checker stores in the Northern Plains states by acquiring the Big Wheel/Rossi Auto Parts chain, and in October of that year CSK completed its acquisition of 194 Al's and Grand Auto Supply stores in Washington, California, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, and Alaska, solidifying its position as a retailer of automotive aftermarket parts and accessories in the western United States. To strengthen its position in the Northern Plains states, in April 2000, CSK purchased All-Car","title":"CSK Auto"},{"id":"20607288","text":"lightning in the area. Daniel Suárez was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 27.136 seconds and a speed of . Jimmie Johnson was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 27.253 seconds and a speed of . Stage 1 \"Laps:\" 85 Stage 2 \"Laps:\" 85 Stage 3 \"Laps:\" 164 Fox Sports covered their 18th race at the Texas Motor Speedway. Mike Joy, 2009 race winner Jeff Gordon and Darrell Waltrip had the call in the booth for the race. Jamie Little, Vince Welch and Matt Yocum handled the pit road duties","title":"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"20607287","text":"oval design, where the front straightaway juts outward slightly. The track layout is similar to Atlanta Motor Speedway and Charlotte Motor Speedway (formerly Lowe's Motor Speedway). The track is owned by Speedway Motorsports, Inc., the same company that owns Atlanta and Charlotte Motor Speedways, as well as the short-track Bristol Motor Speedway. Kurt Busch was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 27.523 seconds and a speed of . Kurt Busch scored the pole for the race with a time of 27.360 and a speed of after only one round of qualifying was completed due to","title":"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"5529186","text":"race sponsor in 2016 for the Bristol Night Race in August at Speedway's owned Bristol Motor Speedway. In 2014, the race returned to being a Sunday afternoon race because of the NCAA Men's basketball Final Four games being held at AT&T Stadium in nearby Arlington, so that the race occurs on a day in between tournament games. On February 6, 2014, Duck Commander, the business that is the subject of the TV show \"Duck Dynasty\", bought the naming rights for the race. The race returned to its Saturday night date in 2015. In 2017, the race would once again return","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"7623777","text":"from 2003 - 2007. Carquest Carquest Corporation is an American automotive parts distribution network that is currently owned and operated by Advance Auto Parts via independent retailers associated with the network. As of October 4, 2014 Advance operated 5,305 stores, 109 Worldpac branches. Advance Auto Parts and CARQUEST Auto Parts employs approximately 75,000 Team Members. The CarQuest marketing alliance and distribution network was formed in 1974 by O. Temple Sloan of General Parts, Dan Bock of Bobro Products, and Joe Hughes of Indiana Parts Warehouse. In response to competition from high-volume retail stores, Sloan believed \"that programmed distribution through a","title":"Carquest"},{"id":"7617373","text":"Asbury Automotive Group Asbury Automotive Group is a company based in Atlanta and was founded in 1995. The company operates auto dealerships in various parts of the United States. its rank in the Fortune 500 is 410 out of 500. As of December 2016, it is one of the largest automobile retailers in the United States, operating 96 franchises (80 dealership locations) in 18 metropolitan markets within 10 states. As of August 2017, its dealerships represent 29 American, European and Asian brands. In 2016, the company reported revenues of $6.5 billion and sold over 180,000 retail vehicles. Currently based out","title":"Asbury Automotive Group"},{"id":"10286275","text":"closed. Chief was considered another convenience concept of 7-Eleven; many of the stores were open 24 hours a day. Many Chief stores were adjacent to 7-Eleven stores, or were in stand-alone buildings. 7-Eleven called them \"convenience auto parts stores.\" Chief Auto Parts Chief Auto Parts was a United States-based auto parts store chain that had stores located in the states of Tennessee, Texas, Nevada, Arizona, Arkansas and California. Chief was founded in 1955 in Norwalk, California by Vern Johnson and Lorin Tuthill. The company grew to 119 stores when it was sold to Southland in 1979. After passing through several","title":"Chief Auto Parts"},{"id":"7623770","text":"Carquest Carquest Corporation is an American automotive parts distribution network that is currently owned and operated by Advance Auto Parts via independent retailers associated with the network. As of October 4, 2014 Advance operated 5,305 stores, 109 Worldpac branches. Advance Auto Parts and CARQUEST Auto Parts employs approximately 75,000 Team Members. The CarQuest marketing alliance and distribution network was formed in 1974 by O. Temple Sloan of General Parts, Dan Bock of Bobro Products, and Joe Hughes of Indiana Parts Warehouse. In response to competition from high-volume retail stores, Sloan believed \"that programmed distribution through a cooperative alliance would be","title":"Carquest"},{"id":"10286273","text":"Auto Parts to an investor group led by Chief management and Shearson Lehman Brothers for $130 million. Six years later, Chief Auto Parts was acquired by Trust Company of the West, a Los Angeles-based investment group, and the management of Chief Auto Parts for an undisclosed amount to primarily pay off General Electric Capital which had acquired Shearson Lehman's share of the company. In 1995, Chief Auto Parts acquired Houston-based Hi-Lo Automotive, with its 191 stores in Texas, Louisiana and California, for $121 million. At the time of the acquisition, Chief had more than 500 stores in California, Texas, Nevada,","title":"Chief Auto Parts"},{"id":"9679106","text":"Frito-Lay North America CEO Tom Greco would succeed Jackson as CEO. In the 16 months following Greco's appointment, Advance Auto stock has plummeted (45%). As of 2017 Advance Auto Parts shares are mainly held by institutional investors (The Vanguard Group, Wellington Management Group, BlackRock, State Street Corporation, Lazard and others). Advance Auto Parts is the largest automotive aftermarket retailer in the United States based on sales and store count. The company premiered on the Fortune 500 list of companies in 2003 at No. 466 and has remained on the list since that time. As of June 2014, it was ranked","title":"Advance Auto Parts"},{"id":"5529188","text":"when Nextel became a NASCAR sponsor, as they banned rival wireless sponsorships (Nextel used Motorola exclusively); the ban was lifted after the 2005 merger of Sprint and Nextel because Sprint is sold at RadioShack, and Sprint offers Samsung products. O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at Texas Motor Speedway (TMS) in Fort Worth, Texas. Even though it is advertised as a \"500-mile\" race, because TMS is a track that is in length, the actual race distance is . The first two runnings of the race were","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"18562357","text":"since it was established in 1995. The number of unique visitors of the website ranges from around 1.4 million to about 2.4 million according to the published web traffic analysis and rankings from Compete.com between December 2013 and December 2014. The auto parts retailing company has maintained online visibility through its stream of social media networks, including Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, Pinterest, and YouTube. It has also launched its own official blog that publishes news, press release, and other automotive-related resources and prints online. Auto Parts Warehouse Auto Parts Warehouse (APW) is an American online retailer of automotive parts and","title":"Auto Parts Warehouse"},{"id":"18562349","text":"Auto Parts Warehouse Auto Parts Warehouse (APW) is an American online retailer of automotive parts and accessories for cars, vans, trucks, and sport utility vehicles. It is one of the flagship websites of U.S. Auto Parts Network (NASDAQ: PRTS), a publicly traded company that owns and manages a chain of auto parts stores and a free automotive repair guide online. Founded in 1995, Auto Parts Warehouse commenced as a small-scale auto parts distributor in California until it established itself as a massively operated e-commerce site for the automotive aftermarket, with more than 2 million stock keeping units (SKUs) in its","title":"Auto Parts Warehouse"},{"id":"3488688","text":"In 1988, Sears Roebuck purchased Western Auto from Wesray Capital, which resulted in greater tire selections, and in Craftsman tools and DieHard batteries being sold at Western Auto stores. Sears valued the freestanding Western Auto stores as outlets for Craftsman and DieHard. The heavy competition from other mainstream discount auto parts stores, Advance, Carport, Napa, AutoZone and O'Reilly Auto Parts, proved too much for the company's lack of product focus. In 1995, Western Auto went into a buying spree involving two unrelated business transactions by acquiring 84 auto parts stores in Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia and Tennessee from the","title":"Western Auto"},{"id":"19284595","text":"Jani-King Jani-King International, Inc. is an American chain of cleaning service franchise. The company provides cleaning for public spaces such as offices, retails spaces, hotels, and stadiums. In 2001 it was the title sponsor of the NASCAR event at the Texas Motor Speedway now known as the O'Reilly Auto Parts 300. Jani-King's corporate offices are in Addison, Texas. Jerry Crawford is the CEO and President. From its corporate headquarters in Addison, TX, and through regional support offices in local markets, Jani-King provides its franchise owners additional training and certification programs for servicing hotels and hospitals. In August 2012, Jani-King partnered","title":"Jani-King"},{"id":"8834034","text":"a title examiner. His son, Charles Francis O’Reilly, attended college in St. Louis and went to work in 1914 as a traveling salesman for Fred Campbell Auto Supply in St. Louis. By 1924, Charles had become familiar with the Springfield area, having traveled by train to sell auto parts throughout the territory. By 1932, he had become manager of Link Motor Supply in Springfield, and one of his sons, Charles H. (Chub) O’Reilly, joined the company. Together they provided the leadership and management that made Link the predominant auto parts store in the area. In 1957, Link planned a reorganization,","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts"},{"id":"3084000","text":"\"Radio Shack\" trademark. On July 4, 1979, the first store opened in Forrest City, Arkansas under the name of Auto Shack. Doc Crain was the store's first manager. Sales that first day totaled $300.00. In 1981, Express Parts or VDP is implemented to get the customers hard to find parts by special ordering them through wholesalers. Total stores was 73 in 7 states. In 1984, the company became the first auto parts retailer to create a quality control program for its parts. Total stores was 194 in 13 states. In 1985, Doc Crain coined the term WITTDTJR, which stands for","title":"AutoZone"},{"id":"6182741","text":"CSK Auto CSK Auto, Inc. was a specialty retailer of automotive parts and accessories in the western United States. CSK Auto became a publicly traded company in March 1998, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, and grew through a combination of acquisitions and organic growth. It was acquired in 2008 by O'Reilly Automotive. As of January 29, 2006, CSK operated 1,273 stores in 22 states spanning from Hawaii to Ohio, with principal concentration of stores in the Western United States. CSK operated its stores under four brand names: In the mid-2000s, CSK operated five value concept retail stores under the Pay N","title":"CSK Auto"},{"id":"3084003","text":"the New York Stock Exchange using the ticker symbol \"AZO.\" It opened up at $27.50 a share. It was then valued at $1 billion. The 5th DC opens in Lafayette, Louisiana. The company also became the first auto parts retailer to register customer warranties in a computer database. In 1994, AutoZone began using satellites to facilitate communication between stores and the corporate office. Sales hit $1.5 billion. In 1995, AutoZone opened its 1,000th store in Louisville, Kentucky. Also, the \"Duralast\" trademark made its debut with the \"Duralast\" and \"Duralast Gold\" batteries. Total of stores is now 1,143 in 26 states.","title":"AutoZone"},{"id":"18797246","text":"BuyAutoParts.com BuyAutoParts.com is an auto parts retailer based in San Diego, California. The company sells automotive repair and performance parts through its ecommerce website and over the phone. In 2012 they had sales of 32 million. Their CEO is Matt Glauber and all of their 118 employees are based in the United States. BuyAutoParts.com was founded in 1989 as a steering parts manufacturer and auto part distributor. In 2002 the company launched their website and by 2009 online sales made up half of total sales. Today the company receives 90 percent of its business from a targeted set of product","title":"BuyAutoParts.com"},{"id":"9679100","text":"in 1987. In April 2001, Advance Auto Parts acquired Carport Auto Parts, a regional retail chain with 29 stores in Alabama and Mississippi. On November 28, Advance acquired Discount Auto Parts, Inc., a regional auto parts chain with 671 stores in Florida, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Louisiana. Upon completion of this merger, Advance Auto Parts became a publicly traded company, listed as a common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol AAP. The year ended with 2,484 stores in 38 states. In July 2002, Advance Auto Parts received bankruptcy court approval to acquire 57 Trak Auto","title":"Advance Auto Parts"},{"id":"18797248","text":"list, 82nd in their 2014 Fastest Growing Private Companies list and #97 in the 2015 list. They were ranked number 31 in the San Diego Business Journal list of largest private San Diego companies for 2015. Company headquarters are located in San Diego, California. In 2012 they moved into a 55,000 square foot building which houses an inventory of 140,000 parts. As of March 2013 the company employed 118 people. BuyAutoParts.com BuyAutoParts.com is an auto parts retailer based in San Diego, California. The company sells automotive repair and performance parts through its ecommerce website and over the phone. In 2012","title":"BuyAutoParts.com"},{"id":"10286272","text":"to 119 stores, mostly in California, by the time it was purchased by Southland in 1979. It was purchased by Southland Corporation in 1979, along with Citgo and Movie Quik. The company was based in Dallas, Texas and operated as a division of Southland Corporation until 1990. The company expanded in 1985 by acquiring locations in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama by purchasing Honey's Auto Parts in Nashville. At the same time, Chief also acquired 77 Checker Auto Parts locations in Oklahoma and Texas from Lucky Stores when Lucky decided to withdraw Checker from those areas. In 1988, Southland sold Chief","title":"Chief Auto Parts"},{"id":"2533862","text":"Aftermarket (automotive) The automotive aftermarket is the secondary market of the automotive industry, concerned with the manufacturing, remanufacturing, distribution, retailing, and installation of all vehicle parts, chemicals, equipment, and accessories, \"after\" the sale of the automobile by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to the consumer. The parts, accessories, etc. for sale may or may not be manufactured by the OEM. According to a report by the International Trade Administration in the Department of Commerce, \"\"Aftermarket parts are divided into two categories: replacement parts and accessories. Replacement parts are automotive parts built or remanufactured to replace OE parts as they become","title":"Aftermarket (automotive)"},{"id":"7599275","text":"Parts Group supports over 6,000 NAPA AUTO PARTS stores throughout the United States, 700 wholesalers in Canada and 481 automotive locations in Australia and New Zealand. These stores sell to both the Retail (DIY) and Commercial (DIFM) automotive aftermarket customer and cover the majority of all domestic and foreign motor vehicle models. The Industrial Parts Group, operating under the name Motion Industries, offers more than 5.9 million industrial replacement parts and related supplies. The Group serves over 150,000 MRO and OEM customers throughout North America and in all types of industries. These include the food and beverage, forest products, primary","title":"Genuine Parts Company"},{"id":"20076848","text":"oval design, where the front straightaway juts outward slightly. The track layout is similar to Atlanta Motor Speedway and Charlotte Motor Speedway (formerly Lowe's Motor Speedway). The track is owned by Speedway Motorsports, Inc., the same company that owns Atlanta and Charlotte Motor Speedways, as well as the short-track Bristol Motor Speedway. Ryan Blaney was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 27.809 seconds and a speed of . During the session, Chase Elliott and Erik Jones sustained terminal damage to their cars in wrecks that required them to switch to backup cars. Kevin Harvick scored","title":"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"18562352","text":"Trusted Store, highly rated for its shopping reliability and customer service. Based on the Google Trusted Store reviews, the retailing site was rated 4.5 out of 5 stars. It is StellaService approved and a certified ResellerRatings Elite Merchant, with a rating of 8.44 out of 10 from more than 70,000 reviews, as of January 2015. In April 2013, Auto Parts Warehouse launched its own mobile application, which can be downloaded from Apple’s iTunes and Android’s Google Play. The Auto Parts Warehouse app is developed to give users of smart phones and other mobile devices prompt access to parts and accessories","title":"Auto Parts Warehouse"},{"id":"9679099","text":"along the Atlantic Seaboard. As of 2018, Autopart International still operates as a separate division within Advance Auto. In 2013, AAP purchased General Parts Inc. including Carquest, Carquest Canada and WorldPac for $2.04 billion. In April 1932, Arthur Taubman purchased the Advance Stores from Pep Boys, with two stores in Roanoke, Virginia and one in Lynchburg, Virginia. The first major expansion of Advance Auto Parts was in 1998 when the company acquired the remaining operations of Western Auto, an auto parts and general store retailer. Most of the Western Auto operations had been taken over by Sears, Roebuck and Co.","title":"Advance Auto Parts"},{"id":"19432744","text":"Euro Car Parts Euro Car Parts is a distributor of car parts and accessories with over 200 locations across the UK and Ireland. The company was bought by LKQ Corporation in October 2011 for £255 million. The company was founded when Sukhpal Singh Ahluwalia opened a motor parts shop in Willesden, North West London, in 1978. Euro Car Parts now have two hundred branches nationwide, having opened their 200th branch in Moss Lane, Manchester, United Kingdom, in December 2015. Euro Car Parts was first established to supply car parts for BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche and Volkswagen models. Since 2016, Euro Car","title":"Euro Car Parts"},{"id":"19284596","text":"with Buffalo Bills. Jani-King Jani-King International, Inc. is an American chain of cleaning service franchise. The company provides cleaning for public spaces such as offices, retails spaces, hotels, and stadiums. In 2001 it was the title sponsor of the NASCAR event at the Texas Motor Speedway now known as the O'Reilly Auto Parts 300. Jani-King's corporate offices are in Addison, Texas. Jerry Crawford is the CEO and President. From its corporate headquarters in Addison, TX, and through regional support offices in local markets, Jani-King provides its franchise owners additional training and certification programs for servicing hotels and hospitals. In August","title":"Jani-King"},{"id":"17595282","text":"expanded to tracks outside the region. Among the tracks that played host to Busch All-Star Tour races included Lakeside Speedway, I-80 Speedway, Eagle Raceway, I-70 Speedway, Hawkeye Downs Speedway and Iowa State Fair Speedway The series was eventually renamed the O'Reilly Auto Parts All-Star Series, and the tour was discontinued after 2002 by NASCAR, as it decided to shift its focus to its Weekly Racing Series (now the Whelen All-American Series). NASCAR's top national series didn't return to dirt until the Camping World Truck Series ran the 2013 Mudsummer Classic at Eldora Speedway. Notable personnel who worked with the tour","title":"Busch All-Star Tour"},{"id":"4915305","text":"National Automotive Parts Association The National Automotive Parts Association (NAPA), also known as NAPA Auto Parts, founded in 1925, is an American retailers' cooperative distributing automotive replacement parts, accessories and service items in North America. There are over 6,000 NAPA Auto Parts stores across the United States. 1,142 NAPA stores are owned by Genuine Parts Company, and the remainder are independently owned. 15,000 NAPA AutoCare repair facilities are in operation which provide vehicle maintenance and repair services. Outside the United States, NAPA operates in Canada through the UAP (United Auto Parts) division of Genuine Parts Company and NAPA Autopro repair","title":"National Automotive Parts Association"},{"id":"3488689","text":"bankrupted Nationwise Automotive chain in October for an undisclosed amount and later acquired Wheels Discount Auto Supply and its 82 auto parts stores in New York and Pennsylvania at the end of the year from its then owner Fay's Drug for $37 million. Also during 1995, Sears began to convert the Western Auto stores to the new parts-only Parts America format by eliminating the automotive service bays. By 1998, Sears almost finished converting the 600 remaining company owned Western Auto stores into Parts America branded stores. By the beginning of 1997, fewer than 850 company-owned stores remained. At that point,","title":"Western Auto"},{"id":"782500","text":"collectors consider those to be the OEM parts. Other-brand parts would be considered aftermarket, such as Champion spark plugs, DieHard batteries, Kinsler fuel injectors, and BMP engine blocks and heads. Many auto parts manufacturers sell parts through multiple channels, for example to car makers for installation during new-vehicle construction, to car makers for resale as automaker-branded replacement parts, and through general merchandising supply chains. Any given brand of part can be OE on some vehicle models and aftermarket on others. Microsoft is a popular example of a company that issues OEM software for its Windows operating systems. OEM product keys","title":"Original equipment manufacturer"},{"id":"16595437","text":"Vegas and Phoenix, which allowed him to take the point lead for the first time in his career. Larson picked up his second career pole and earned his second career win at the Auto Club 400, furthering his points lead. A 17th-place finish at Martinsville Speedway hurt him, but he still maintained a four-point lead over Chase Elliott. In the 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500, Larson rebounded from struggles early to finish 2nd. Larson picked up his third career pole at Michigan and then he led 96 laps to get his third career win in the FireKeepers Casino 400 holding","title":"Kyle Larson"},{"id":"15916031","text":"ten sporting goods stores and two wholesale firms located in the Gulf Coast region. In the 1970s Oshman's was expanding in the Los Angeles area. In 1978 Oshman's purchased the rights to the trade name of Abercrombie and Fitch from First National Bank of Chicago for $1.5 million ($5.2 million in 2013 dollars). As of October 31, 1987 the company operated 185 traditional stores, one Super Sports USA store, and 27 Abercrombie and Fitch stores. Around December 25 that year it stopped its proposed $50 million sale (of which $20 million could be in banknotes) of the stores to an","title":"Oshman's Sporting Goods"},{"id":"19432747","text":"making it one of the largest distribution centres in the West Midlands. On 2 August 2016, Euro Car Parts purchased the Arleigh Group, a specialist supplier to the leisure industry. In October 2016, Euro Car Parts purchased Andrew Page out of administration but the CMA launched a hold separate order whilst an investigation into the purchase was undertaken. On 8 December 2017, the CMA gave notice of the proposal to accept final undertakings. On 5 January 2017, Euro Car Parts opened their first branch in the Republic of Ireland. This was then followed by the purchase of PR Riley on","title":"Euro Car Parts"},{"id":"6243987","text":"headquarters in Oshawa. The blockade was ended by an Ontario Superior Court order, after 12 days. Further discussions between GM and the CAW resulted in an agreement to compensate workers at the truck plant and additional product commitments for the Oshawa car assembly plant. GM opened their Technical Centre campus in Markham, Ontario, in 2017 located at the former American Express Canadian head office site. The planned closure of the Oshawa plant was announced November 25, 2018, in a global reorganization effort. 2522 unionized positions (Unifor Local 222) face layoffs, and no further auto assemblies were planned later than December","title":"General Motors Canada"},{"id":"20076859","text":"of the deciding factor I feel like. I let a lot of good cars get by like the 48 and 42 and 24, and that hurt us more, I think, than anything was that restart after segment 2 when we had to check up big in 1 and 2. I thought we made the right call to stay out there and try to win that segment. I’m for that.” Stage 1 \"Laps:\" 85 Stage 2 \"Laps:\" 85 Stage 3 \"Laps:\" 164 Fox Sports covered their 17th race at the Texas Motor Speedway. Mike Joy, 2009 race winner Jeff Gordon and","title":"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"7623771","text":"the most effective means to remain competitive.\" According to a 1994 Bangor Daily News article, \"CARQUEST is made up of 14 distributing companies operating 64 CARQUEST Auto Parts Stores throughout the United States\" at that time. General Parts was the largest member with General Parts owning 1,400 out of CarQuest’s 3,400 auto parts stores across North America by 2011. O. Temple Sloan Jr. started General Parts in 1961. Founding member Bobro was later sold to White Plains Automotive in 1984 and renamed B.W.P. Distributors. BWP was later acquired by Advance Auto in 2012. Dan Bock later served as president of","title":"Carquest"},{"id":"18562351","text":"for more than 50 vehicle brands, including domestic and imported makes and models. It sells automotive merchandise from nearly 700 labels, including: Global aftermarket suppliers Performance parts manufacturers Specialty brands The e-commerce site uses a proprietary product database for tracking SKUs for wide-range product applications based on vehicle make, model, year, and other specifications. The corporate headquarters of Auto Parts Warehouse is located at 16941 Keegan Avenue, Carson, California. The auto parts retailer operates and maintains several warehouses and distribution centers in various locations in the United States to facilitate product shipping and delivery on schedule. AutoPartsWarehouse.com is a Google","title":"Auto Parts Warehouse"},{"id":"13961280","text":"2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series The 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series season was the twenty-ninth season of semi-professional stock car racing in the United States. Beginning at Daytona International Speedway, the season included thirty-five races, which ended with the Ford 300 at Homestead Miami Speedway. During the 2009 off-season, NASCAR announced few calendar changes, including moving the Memphis Motorsports Park race to Road America due to the closure of Memphis. Joe Gibbs won the owners' championship, while Brad Keselowski won the drivers' championship during the O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge at Texas Motor Speedway, two races before the final. Toyota won the manufacturers'","title":"2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series"},{"id":"3084004","text":"1996 was the year when the Internet era arrived at the company, when AutoZone opened its company Web site. The new commercial program debuted in Germantown, Tennessee. ALLDATA, a software company based in Elk Grove, California that provides automotive diagnostic and repair information, was acquired. Company founder Pitt Hyde retired as chairman and CEO in 1997. John Adams became the new chairman and CEO. In 1998, AutoZone acquired Auto Palace, an auto parts chain in the northeastern United States with 112 stores, TruckPro L.P., a chain with 43 stores in 14 states, and the 560-store Chief Auto Parts Inc., a","title":"AutoZone"},{"id":"6442805","text":"Carolina, and 3 in Georgia. Further expansion is being pushed as part of Sunoco's NASCAR sponsorship, where APlus is known as the \"Official Pit Stop of NASCAR\". In October 2013, Sunoco purchased Mid-Atlantic Convenience Stores, a Richmond, VA based Circle K Franchisee, with over 300 stores in the mid-atlantic region. These locations continued to operate as Circle K until early 2016, when they were converted to the APlus brand. Though operated by Sunoco, the majority of the locations continue to sell Exxon fuels. Here is a list of products offered at APlus locations: A-Plus APlus is an American convenience store","title":"A-Plus"},{"id":"13961298","text":"standings 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series The 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series season was the twenty-ninth season of semi-professional stock car racing in the United States. Beginning at Daytona International Speedway, the season included thirty-five races, which ended with the Ford 300 at Homestead Miami Speedway. During the 2009 off-season, NASCAR announced few calendar changes, including moving the Memphis Motorsports Park race to Road America due to the closure of Memphis. Joe Gibbs won the owners' championship, while Brad Keselowski won the drivers' championship during the O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge at Texas Motor Speedway, two races before the final. Toyota won the","title":"2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series"},{"id":"5529184","text":"run on April 9, 2011 and was the first scheduled night race of the season, and in Texas Motor Speedway history for the Cup Series. In 2013, NASCAR became involved in controversy when the National Rifle Association (NRA) began to sponsor the race; although race sponsorships are negotiated with the track owner, not NASCAR itself, the sanctioning organization has final approval and did not object to the sponsorship. Both NASCAR's acceptance of this sponsorship, and its timing, has been controversial, and offensive to gun control activists. Because of the sponsorship, Senator Chris Murphy asked Rupert Murdoch, whose News Corporation owns","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"7599270","text":"new headquarters building in the Wildwood area of Cobb County, GA in June 2016. The Automotive Parts Group, the largest division of GPC, distributes approximately 475,000 automotive replacement parts, accessory items and service items throughout North America, Australia and New Zealand. In North America, parts are sold primarily under the NAPA brand name, but in 2017 under the name Genuine®, which may lead customers to think the part is from an OE supplier to the auto manufacturer. GPC also uses the UAP brand in Canada and AutoTodo in Mexico. The Company’s GPC Asia Pacific business serves the Australasian markets primarily","title":"Genuine Parts Company"},{"id":"18562350","text":"catalog. With headquarters in Carson, the online retailing site has expanded its market reach and retail distribution in all locations throughout the United States. The online retailing site offers over 2 million auto-related products through its online sales channels and direct partnerships with suppliers and manufacturers. By eliminating intermediaries common in most supply chains, Auto Parts Warehouse is able to provide a broad selection of automotive parts and accessories and has structured a discount pricing scheme for individual consumers, advocating the DIY (do it yourself) and DIFM (do it for me) market. Its product lineup includes automotive parts and accessories","title":"Auto Parts Warehouse"},{"id":"15916030","text":"Downtown Houston at Capitol and Fannin. Founded as a proprietorship, Oshman's business was incorporated as Oshman's Sporting Goods 15 years later, in 1946, as the country emerged from World War II.. As business increased, the store moved to a larger location at 902 Main in Downtown Houston. Oshman's opened locations in suburban shopping centers in Greater Houston and then in Bay City, Beaumont, Corpus Christi, and Pasadena. Oshman died in 1965. By that year Oshman's was Texas's largest sporting goods chain, and it was the largest sporting goods chain in the southwestern United States. At that time the company had","title":"Oshman's Sporting Goods"},{"id":"5529183","text":"the longest such streak for any NASCAR track in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. This list includes Texas Native Terry Labonte, who won in 1999, and Dale Earnhardt Jr winning his first race in 2000. Jeff Burton, the winner of the inaugural race, broke that streak by getting his second Texas win in a last lap pass in 2007. In 2011, the race became a Saturday night event, whereas before it was always a Sunday afternoon race. This was done since the night race at Phoenix was moved to February and became a day race. The 2011 race was","title":"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"16714084","text":"chain in the United States as of 2013. It was also named 2011 Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association Head of Class Award recipient and \"Federated Auto Parts Outstanding Marketing Member\" of the Year in 2011. KOI Auto Parts was the official auto parts store and sponsor of the Cincinnati Reds from 2009 through 2015. KOI also sponsors several other events and car shows including the annual Cavalcade of Customs car show held every year in Cincinnati which was featured on the MAVTV show Two Guys Garage in 2012, the Lawrenceburg Speedway, and the Pumpkin Run Nationals car show. KOI Auto Parts","title":"KOI Auto Parts"},{"id":"12605963","text":"the pole. Failed to qualify: Mike Harmon (#89). The American Commercial Lines 200 was held on March 7 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Kyle Busch won his second consecutive pole. Failed to qualify: None, only 36 entries The Kroger 250 was held on March 30 at Martinsville Speedway. Rick Crawford won the pole. Failed to qualify: None, only 36 entries The O'Reilly Auto Parts 250 was held on April 25 and April 27 at Kansas Speedway. Ron Hornaday, Jr. won the pole. Failed to qualify: None, only 35 entries The North Carolina Education Lottery 200 was held on May 15 at","title":"2009 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series"},{"id":"4915306","text":"facilities in Canada, Mexico and other locations throughout the Caribbean and Latin America. In April 2013, Genuine Parts Company acquired Exego Group, a leading automotive parts and accessories distributor in Australasia. The company sells automotive accessories and parts under the Repco name in Australia and New Zealand, but in 2017 began branding with the NAPA banner, first with a store in Logan City, Queensland. In September 2017, Genuine Parts Company acquired Alliance Automotive Group (AAG), a leading European distributor of vehicle parts, tools and workshop equipment. AAG is the second largest parts distribution platform in Europe and focuses on light","title":"National Automotive Parts Association"},{"id":"3488681","text":"Western Auto Western Auto Supply Company—known more widely as Western Auto—was a specialty retail chain of stores that supplied automobile parts and accessories. It operated approximately 1200 stores across the United States and in Puerto Rico. It was started in 1909 in Kansas City, Missouri, by George Pepperdine and Don Abnor Davis. Pepperdine later founded Pepperdine University. Western Auto was bought by Beneficial Corporation in 1961; Western Auto's management led a leveraged buyout in 1985, leading three years later to a sale to Sears. Sears sold most of the company to Advance Auto Parts in 1998, and by 2003, the","title":"Western Auto"},{"id":"16714083","text":"Tony and Wilfred. In 1953 they purchased a local auto parts retailer named Kentucky Motor Service. They continued to grow, acquiring additional local auto parts retailers Wilcox Auto Parts & Savage Auto Parts, eventually changing the name of the company to KOI Auto Parts incorporating the three predominant states it did business in, K-Kentucky, O-Ohio, I-Indiana. In 1987 KOI Auto Parts became a member of the Federated Auto Parts group. KOI Auto Parts became an ESOP, (Employee Owned) company in 1999. In 2014 KOI Auto Parts merged with Fisher Auto Parts. KOI Auto Parts is the 11th largest auto parts","title":"KOI Auto Parts"},{"id":"3083999","text":"AutoZone AutoZone, Inc. is an American retailer of aftermarket automotive parts and accessories, the largest in the United States. Founded in 1979, AutoZone has over 6,000 stores across the United States, Mexico, and Brazil. The company is based in Memphis, Tennessee. Originally a division of Memphis-based wholesale grocer Malone & Hyde, the company was known as Auto Shack. After the sale of the grocery operation to the Fleming Companies of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the name of the company was changed to AutoZone to reflect the new focus and to settle a lawsuit brought by Tandy Corporation for infringing on Tandy's","title":"AutoZone"},{"id":"4960175","text":"Auto Parts 300 and the O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge and the Verizon IndyCar series race, the Firestone 600. The track also hosts two NASCAR Camping World Truck Series races, the Rattlesnake 400 (which takes place on the same weekend as the IndyCar Firestone 600) and the Jag Metals 350. For a short time during construction in September 1996, the track's name was changed to Texas International Raceway. SMI's customary track naming convention had planned to have the \"Motor Speedway\" as part of the name. However, in August 1996, a small quarter-mile dirt raceway in Alvin, Texas (now known as Texas","title":"Texas Motor Speedway"},{"id":"3113471","text":"United Supermarkets United Supermarkets is a North American supermarket grocery store chain. With headquarters in Lubbock, Texas, its roots go back to 1916, when H.D. Snell opened his first United Cash Store in Sayre, Oklahoma. Today, his legacy has grown to include 95 stores in 30 Texas cities and over 10,000 workers. United Supermarkets has stores primarily located in North Texas, West Texas, and the Texas Panhandle. The five regions for store locations are: the Lubbock region has 18 stores, the Amarillo region has 13 stores, the Wichita Falls region has eight stores, the Abilene region has five stores, and","title":"United Supermarkets"},{"id":"13332657","text":"Ohio South Carolina Tennessee Texas Pull-A-Part Pull-A-Part, LLC is a United States chain of automotive recycling yards where customers bring their own tools and remove parts out of used vehicles. there are 25 locations in 12 states. Founded in 1997 in Atlanta, Georgia, Pull-A-Part is the nation’s fastest growing self-service used auto parts retailer, and recycler in the United States. Beginning as a scrap metal recycling program, Pull-A-Part opened its first vehicle salvage and recycling yard in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1998. The company has expanded since, and in 2013 purchased Corpus Christi, Texas-based U-Pull-It Auto Parts Inc. as its 25th","title":"Pull-A-Part"},{"id":"5435245","text":"2016, it was announced that Yeley will drive the No. 14 Toyota Camry for TriStar Motorsports in the Xfinity Series, starting at Atlanta. Yeley replaced David Starr in the No. 44 at Richmond due to Starr being sidelined with an illness; Yeley eventually took over the ride full-time. For the 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 at Texas, Yeley made his return to the Cup Series, driving the No. 7 Chevrolet SS for Tommy Baldwin Racing, a team he last drove for in 2013. After starting 27th, he finished in the same position, four laps down. In 2017, Yeley returned to","title":"J. J. Yeley"},{"id":"3484899","text":"were equipped with Allstate-brand tires, tubes, spark plugs and batteries, all with their own Sears \"Triple Guarantee\" warranties. Initially, the Allstate was offered only in the south and southwest United States, with plans to expand distribution as demand for the product grew. Sears locations selling Allstates included Baytown, Texas; Beaumont, Texas; Birmingham, Alabama; Dallas, Texas; Fayetteville, North Carolina; Houston, Texas; Jackson, Mississippi; Knoxville, Tennessee; Little Rock, Arkansas; Lubbock, Texas; Memphis, Tennessee; Norfolk, Virginia; Orlando, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; Portsmouth, Virginia; Richmond, Virginia; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Waco, Texas. While some Sears outlets tried to stock at least one sample of","title":"Allstate (automobile)"},{"id":"7623773","text":"acquired by Advance Auto Parts, Inc in an all-cash transaction estimated at $2.04 billion dollars. The deal was finalized on January 3, 2014. Carquest members now include Advance Auto Parts, Automotive Warehouse of Hawaii, CAP Warehouse of Nevada, and Muffler Warehouse of Idaho. WORLDPAC was formed in 1995 by the merger of WorldWide Trading Corp. (WWTC) and Imported Parts and Accessories (IMPAC). WORLDPAC, which specializes in providing hard to find aftermarket parts for imported vehicles, was acquired by Carquest in 2004 and by Advance Auto Parts on January 2, 2014 when General Parts International was merged into Advance. CARQUEST is","title":"Carquest"},{"id":"19432745","text":"Parts have been supplying parts for all makes and models. The company was sold to the LKQ Corporation of Chicago in October 2011, for a total of £255 million and in April 2014, Mr Singh announced that he was to leave the company, in order to pursue other interests. In November 2014, Mr Singh rejoined the company, being elected onto the Board of Directors. The company is based in Dordon at Junction 10 off the M42 motorway, near Tamworth. Euro Car Parts now has 16 distribution centres around the United Kingdom, and has a bulk storage facility in Bonehill, Staffordshire.","title":"Euro Car Parts"},{"id":"19516690","text":"do not are marked with an asterisk. Dodge RAM (Aurora) Larry H. Miller Dealerships Larry H. Miller Group Dealerships is a privately owned new and pre-owned automotive retailer in the western United States. It is division of Miller Automotive Operations, which is a subsidiary of the Larry H. Miller Group of Companies. It was founded in 1979 by entrepreneur Larry H. Miller and is headquartered in Sandy, Utah. They were listed in the top ten dealership groups in the country in 2014 and 2016. The company owns and operates 54 dealerships in Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Idaho, Washington, and","title":"Larry H. Miller Dealerships"},{"id":"3665470","text":"new parts distribution site, known as \"Eastern Canada Parts Distribution Centre\", to replace the current plant in Scarborough, Ontario, at the intersection of Lambs Road and Baseline Road. Toyota also plans to add a new nature trail known as the \"Toyota Trail\" that will connect the Soper Creek Trail to the new plant. The facility is planned to open in 2019. An outlet mall was planned to be built in Bowmanville near the Highway 401/Waverley Road interchange, but the company abandoned the project shortly thereafter due to \"cost prohibitive complexities\". The Canadian Tire Motorsport Park (formerly Mosport International Raceway) which","title":"Bowmanville"},{"id":"18562353","text":"in the retailer’s complete catalog listing. This enables customized searches for auto-related products. According to Shane Evangelist, Chief Executive Officer and Director of U.S. Auto Parts Network, Inc., the app is designed to give car owners instant and convenient access to the automotive products they need for repair or installation and other services. The app enables instant parts search, order tracking, and comparison shopping, as well as direct contact to the customer service center. Features from the Auto Parts Warehouse site are also available from the app, including secure checkouts and options to save the shipping address for quick ordering","title":"Auto Parts Warehouse"},{"id":"9679107","text":"at No. 1,412 on the Forbes magazine \"World's Biggest Public Companies\" list. Soon after, Advance Auto Parts was bumped to 2nd largest automotive aftermarket retailer by competitor, AutoZone, and has held that that position as of July 2018. Advance has received recognition for charitable contributions. The company has been named an \"elite partner\" for its fundraising for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), having donated more than $42 million since 1994. Advance acts as an aggregator for the largest portion of the donations for JDRF, collecting monies from both walk-in customers and commercial business through the sale of paper sneakers,","title":"Advance Auto Parts"},{"id":"2533868","text":"DIY sales at the chain stores have fallen a total of 3% to 5%, while commercial sales have brought in a double-digit sales increase. AutoZone’s DIFM sales in 2013 alone increased over 13%. Online sales of auto parts and accessories in the US, excluding online auctions and used parts, have been projected to pass $10 billion in 2018. Automobile manufacturers have attempted to hinder or suppress automotive aftermarket sales by means of copyright or patent infringement litigation. For example, in \"British Leyland Motor Corp. v Armstrong Patents Co.\" in the UK, the House of Lords decided in 1986 that Leyland","title":"Aftermarket (automotive)"},{"id":"6662530","text":"Center for Visionary Art into Houston's cultural life through a wide variety of programs. In 1996, the company had a total of 129 stores. Twenty-seven were SuperSports USA stores, which generated 65% of the company's sales. As of August 1997, Oshman's had 37 SuperSports USA stores and had closed or was closing all but 31 of its smaller stores. The big box stores, which average , feature batting cages, golf simulators, putting greens, basketball half-courts, racquet sports areas, and inline skating areas. Marilyn Oshman Marilyn Oshman is the chairman of Oshman's Sporting Goods and the company's largest shareholder. She was","title":"Marilyn Oshman"},{"id":"3488697","text":"into loft condominiums; the Western Auto sign remains atop the building. The sign was relit on July 13, 2018 at 8:45pm Central time, having been refurbished with funding from the current condo association. Specific citations: Western Auto Western Auto Supply Company—known more widely as Western Auto—was a specialty retail chain of stores that supplied automobile parts and accessories. It operated approximately 1200 stores across the United States and in Puerto Rico. It was started in 1909 in Kansas City, Missouri, by George Pepperdine and Don Abnor Davis. Pepperdine later founded Pepperdine University. Western Auto was bought by Beneficial Corporation in","title":"Western Auto"},{"id":"20076856","text":"how to do it,” Johnson said in victory lane. “I'm just real proud of this team. What a tough track and tough conditions. We were really in our wheelhouse and we were just able to execute all day.” After his victory lane interviews, Johnson went to the infield care center to receive three bags of IV fluid because the fluid system in his car malfunctioned in the closing laps. Dale Earnhardt Jr., who earned his first top-five finish since a runner-up finish in the 2016 Axalta \"We Paint Winners\" 400 at Pocono Raceway, said he \"figured we'd get one sooner","title":"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500"},{"id":"13332654","text":"Pull-A-Part Pull-A-Part, LLC is a United States chain of automotive recycling yards where customers bring their own tools and remove parts out of used vehicles. there are 25 locations in 12 states. Founded in 1997 in Atlanta, Georgia, Pull-A-Part is the nation’s fastest growing self-service used auto parts retailer, and recycler in the United States. Beginning as a scrap metal recycling program, Pull-A-Part opened its first vehicle salvage and recycling yard in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1998. The company has expanded since, and in 2013 purchased Corpus Christi, Texas-based U-Pull-It Auto Parts Inc. as its 25th location. Pull-A-Part works closely with","title":"Pull-A-Part"},{"id":"19516687","text":"at number 10 on the top 125 U.S. dealership groups in 2014. The acquisition of Lakewood Fordland in the Denver, Colorado market in November 2014 brought the company back to its founder's roots. Miller started his career in the automotive industry as a parts salesmen in the Denver region. In December 2014 and June 2015, Larry H. Miller's Fiat dealerships in Tucson, Arizona and Avondale, Arizona became two of only three dealerships in Arizona to carry the Alfa Romeo 2015 Launch Edition for sale. Larry H. Miller Dealerships began selling parts online directly to consumers in July 2015. After stepping","title":"Larry H. Miller Dealerships"},{"id":"20603500","text":"people across 89 locations. In October 2011, Ahluwalia sold Euro Car Parts to LKQ Corporation for £280 million, with a supplementary £55 million if targets were met. After the sale, Ahluwalia became Executive Chairman of LKQ Corporation's businesses in the UK, Ireland and India. Ahluwalia also sits on the American Board of the company. As of 2018, Euro Car Parts company has more than 300 branches across the UK and employs more than 10,000 people. In 2011, Ahluwalia founded property company Dominvs Group. The Group manages a portfolio exceeding £700 million. The Dominvs Group has acquired or constructed a number","title":"Sukhpal Singh Ahluwalia"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"8834033\",\n \"text\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts O’Reilly Auto Parts is an American auto parts retailer that provides automotive aftermarket parts, tools, supplies, equipment, and accessories in the United States serving both the professional service providers and do-it-yourself customers. Founded in 1957 by the O’Reilly family, the company operates more than 5,100 stores in 47 states. O’Reilly Automotive, Inc. officially started in the auto parts business with one store in Springfield, Missouri, in December 1957. Michael Byrne O’Reilly immigrated to America in 1849, settling in St. Louis, he worked his way through school to earn a law degree, and then pursued a career as\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8834040\",\n \"text\": \"President and Chief Financial Officer; and Brad Beckham, Executive Vice President of Store Operations and Sales. O'Reilly Auto Parts O’Reilly Auto Parts is an American auto parts retailer that provides automotive aftermarket parts, tools, supplies, equipment, and accessories in the United States serving both the professional service providers and do-it-yourself customers. Founded in 1957 by the O’Reilly family, the company operates more than 5,100 stores in 47 states. O’Reilly Automotive, Inc. officially started in the auto parts business with one store in Springfield, Missouri, in December 1957. Michael Byrne O’Reilly immigrated to America in 1849, settling in St. Louis, he\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8834037\",\n \"text\": \"in Texas and Louisiana, as well as a distribution center in Houston, Texas. The Hi/LO acquisition made O’Reilly one of the top 10 auto parts chains in the country. On April 25, 2000, the firm announced the purchase of KarPro Auto Parts, which included a 66,000 square foot distribution center in Little Rock, Arkansas, and 14 KarPro stores. On October 1, 2001, O’Reilly purchased Mid-State Automotive Distributors, Inc., adding 82 additional auto parts stores in seven states, as well as two distribution centers. The acquisition made the firm one of the top five auto parts chains in the country. It\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8834038\",\n \"text\": \"added its eleventh distribution center in Atlanta, Georgia, in March 2005. On May 31, 2005, O’Reilly purchased Midwest Automotive Distributors, Inc., adding 72 retail locations in Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, as well as two distribution centers located in Minnesota and Montana. On July 11, 2008, the company completed the largest acquisition in its history with the purchase of CSK Auto, adding 1,273 stores in 12 states. This, combined with past acquisitions, made O’Reilly the third largest auto parts chain in the country after Advance Auto Parts and AutoZone. In December 2012, O’Reilly announced it was\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8834039\",\n \"text\": \"purchasing the auto parts business of VIP Parts, Tires and Service, a Lewiston, Maine-based chain of 56 auto parts stores and service centers with locations in Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, and one distribution center in Maine. The purchase marked the firm’s expansion into New England. On October 26, 2016, O'Reilly announced that it was acquiring Bond Auto Parts, a 51-store chain headquartered in Vermont with locations in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and New York as well. Executive officers of the company include Greg Johnson, Chief Executive Officer and Co-President; Jeff Shaw, Chief Operating Officer and Co-President; Tom McFall, Executive Vice\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8834036\",\n \"text\": \"In March 1975, annual sales volume rose to $7 million and a 52,000 square-foot facility at 233 S. Patterson was built for the O’Reilly/Ozark warehouse operation. By that time, the company had nine stores, all located in southwest Missouri. On April 23, 1993, the company completed an initial public offering, and it now trades on the NASDAQ market under the symbol ORLY. The company also has a stock purchase plan to enable as many full-time team members as possible to own stock in the company. On January 30, 1998, O’Reilly merged with Hi/LO Auto Supply, adding 182 auto parts stores\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9679098\",\n \"text\": \"Advance Auto Parts Advance Auto Parts is a retailer of automotive parts and accessories in the United States headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina. AAP was founded in 1932 and had 2017 sales of approximately $9.37 billion. The combined enterprise of AAP (including Carquest branded stores) operates over 5,200 company-owned and 1,300 independently owned stores covering every U.S. state, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and Canada with more than 70,000 employees. It is the auto parts company with most stores after acquiring General Parts Incorporated in October 2013. In 2005, Advance Auto Parts purchased AutoPart International, Inc. which operates 202 stores\",\n \"title\": \"Advance Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9679108\",\n \"text\": \"that once purchased by the customer are displayed on the store windows. Advance Auto Parts Advance Auto Parts is a retailer of automotive parts and accessories in the United States headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina. AAP was founded in 1932 and had 2017 sales of approximately $9.37 billion. The combined enterprise of AAP (including Carquest branded stores) operates over 5,200 company-owned and 1,300 independently owned stores covering every U.S. state, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and Canada with more than 70,000 employees. It is the auto parts company with most stores after acquiring General Parts Incorporated in October 2013. In\",\n \"title\": \"Advance Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20607286\",\n \"text\": \"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The 2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 8, 2018, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the seventh race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. Texas Motor Speedway is a speedway located in the northernmost portion of the U.S. city of Fort Worth, Texas – the portion located in Denton County, Texas. The track measures around and is banked 24 degrees in the turns, and is of the\",\n \"title\": \"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16714082\",\n \"text\": \"KOI Auto Parts KOI Auto Parts is an American chain of auto parts stores founded in 1946 in Newport, Kentucky. Today KOI Auto Parts operates more than 70 stores located throughout the US states Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. The corporate headquarters of KOI Auto Parts is located in Cincinnati, Ohio. KOI Auto Parts is a supplier of OE and aftermarket import, domestic, and collision replacement automotive parts, automotive refinish supplies, equipment, tools and various other parts and services. KOI Auto Parts originally started as Nelter Oil Company, a gas and service station, by the Neltner family, father William and sons\",\n \"title\": \"KOI Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20607289\",\n \"text\": \"for the television side. The race was broadcast on radio by the Performance Racing Network and simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. 2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The 2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 8, 2018, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the seventh race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. Texas Motor Speedway is a speedway located in the northernmost portion of the U.S. city of Fort Worth, Texas – the\",\n \"title\": \"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076847\",\n \"text\": \"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 9, 2017, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the seventh race of the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. Texas Motor Speedway is a speedway located in the northernmost portion of the U.S. city of Fort Worth, Texas – the portion located in Denton County, Texas. The track measures around and is banked 24 degrees in the turns, and is of the\",\n \"title\": \"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8005238\",\n \"text\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race) The O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 is a NASCAR Xfinity Series stock car race that takes place at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. The race came about from the results of the Ferko lawsuit in 2004. With Darlington Raceway forced to forfeit its Southern 500 weekend as a result of the lawsuit, TMS gained a second weekend on the schedule for the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and Xfinity Series racing, and fifth race for the NASCAR Xfinity Series playoffs. The 2008 race was won by Kyle Busch, breaking Kevin Harvick's string of\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16714085\",\n \"text\": \"announced, effective April 1, 2014, that Fisher Auto Parts will acquire controlling interest in the company. However, there should be minimal visible changes to KOI Auto Parts as a result of the merger. Fisher Auto Parts now has 470 locations, plus more than 100 independent jobbers in 18 states. KOI Auto Parts KOI Auto Parts is an American chain of auto parts stores founded in 1946 in Newport, Kentucky. Today KOI Auto Parts operates more than 70 stores located throughout the US states Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. The corporate headquarters of KOI Auto Parts is located in Cincinnati, Ohio. KOI\",\n \"title\": \"KOI Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6182746\",\n \"text\": \"Kragen Auto Parts stores as O'Reilly Auto Parts stores during a multi-year process that was finally completed in 2011. On March 5, 2009 the SEC filed a civil injunction against 4 former members of CSK Auto. The former members were charged with accounting fraud for the years of 2002, 2003, and 2004. CSK Auto CSK Auto, Inc. was a specialty retailer of automotive parts and accessories in the western United States. CSK Auto became a publicly traded company in March 1998, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, and grew through a combination of acquisitions and organic growth. It was acquired in 2008\",\n \"title\": \"CSK Auto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8834035\",\n \"text\": \"which would have included the retirement of 72-year-old Charles F. O’Reilly, and the transfer of Chub O’Reilly to Kansas City. Since neither agreed with these plans, they made the decision to form their own company, O’Reilly Automotive, Inc. They opened for business on December 2, 1957, with one store and 13 employees at 403 Sherman in Springfield. Their sales totaled $700,000 in 1958, their first full year of business. By 1961, the company’s volume had reached $1.3 million — the combined volume of O’Reilly Automotive and Ozark Automotive Distributors, a division formed to serve independent automotive jobbers in the area.\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076860\",\n \"text\": \"Darrell Waltrip had the call in the booth for the race. Jamie Little, Vince Welch and Matt Yocum handled the pit road duties for the television side. The race was broadcast on radio by the Performance Racing Network and simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 9, 2017, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the seventh race of the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup\",\n \"title\": \"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8005239\",\n \"text\": \"three consecutive wins in this race. O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race) The O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 is a NASCAR Xfinity Series stock car race that takes place at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. The race came about from the results of the Ferko lawsuit in 2004. With Darlington Raceway forced to forfeit its Southern 500 weekend as a result of the lawsuit, TMS gained a second weekend on the schedule for the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and Xfinity Series racing, and fifth race for the NASCAR Xfinity Series playoffs. The 2008 race was won by Kyle\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4960174\",\n \"text\": \"with the North Wilkesboro Speedway being bought by TMS owner Bruton Smith and New Hampshire International Speedway owner Bob Bahre. The track was closed with one of the track's two dates going to both new owners. The North Carolina Speedway in Rockingham, North Carolina was also sold to Smith as a result of the Ferko lawsuit with the track's one remaining date also being handed over to Texas. Texas Motor Speedway is home to two Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races: the O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 and the AAA Texas 500, as well as two Xfinity Series races, the O'Reilly\",\n \"title\": \"Texas Motor Speedway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10286271\",\n \"text\": \"Chief Auto Parts Chief Auto Parts was a United States-based auto parts store chain that had stores located in the states of Tennessee, Texas, Nevada, Arizona, Arkansas and California. Chief was founded in 1955 in Norwalk, California by Vern Johnson and Lorin Tuthill. The company grew to 119 stores when it was sold to Southland in 1979. After passing through several different owners during the next two decades, the company grew to over 500 stores before it was sold to AutoZone in 1998. Chief was founded in 1955 in Norwalk, California by Vern Johnson and Lorin Tuthill. The chain grew\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19432748\",\n \"text\": \"3 April and they now have 14 branches open in the ROI following the launch of the Roscommon store on 27 November 2017. In December 2017, LKQ Euro purchased Stahlgruber. Euro Car Parts Euro Car Parts is a distributor of car parts and accessories with over 200 locations across the UK and Ireland. The company was bought by LKQ Corporation in October 2011 for £255 million. The company was founded when Sukhpal Singh Ahluwalia opened a motor parts shop in Willesden, North West London, in 1978. Euro Car Parts now have two hundred branches nationwide, having opened their 200th branch\",\n \"title\": \"Euro Car Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3084007\",\n \"text\": \"2007, Bill Rhodes, then 42, was named chairman, president and chief executive officer of AutoZone, Inc. on June 6. In 2008, AutoZone opened their 4,000th store in Houston, Texas. Sales hit $6.2 billion. On August 17, 2012, AutoZone expanded into their 49th state Alaska by opening their 5,000th store in Wasilla, Alaska In 2012 AutoZone opened their first store in Brazil. In December 2012, AutoZone purchased AutoAnything.com, an ecommerce leader in aftermarket automotive parts based in San Diego, California. By April 2017, AutoZone had been the largest retailer of automotive parts in North America for three consecutive years. As of\",\n \"title\": \"AutoZone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9381905\",\n \"text\": \"PartSource PartSource Inc. is a Canadian automotive parts retail chain owned by Canadian Tire. It sells name brand automotive parts, specializing in commercial sales and sales to customers who work on their own vehicles. Founded in 1999, the retailer has 86 stores in Nova Scotia, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Originally composed of corporately owned and franchise-operated stores, as of November 2013 all PartSource stores are owned and operated by Canadian Tire Corporation. Most of the 15,000 products are name brand items. As of March 6, 2015 PartSource no longer offers a 10% price match guarantee. Prior to this they\",\n \"title\": \"PartSource\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10286274\",\n \"text\": \"Tennessee, Arkansas and Arizona. In 1998, Trust Company of the West sold Chief to Memphis, Tennessee based AutoZone for $280 million in cash and debt assumption. At the time of the sale, Chief had 556 auto parts stores, primarily in California and Texas. From 1992 until its merger with AutoZone, the company's CEO was David H. Eisenberg. Corporate Office was located at 5400 Lyndon B Johnson Freeway, Suite 200, Dallas, Texas 75240 at the time of the sale. Texas Regional Warehouse was located at 1515 Wade Drive, Seagoville, TX, 75159. The former Chief stores were converted into AutoZone stores or\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5529182\",\n \"text\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at Texas Motor Speedway (TMS) in Fort Worth, Texas. Even though it is advertised as a \\\"500-mile\\\" race, because TMS is a track that is in length, the actual race distance is . The first two runnings of the race were controversial, crash-strewn affairs, with universal criticism that the track's design was one groove; Kenny Wallace argued, \\\"They're so busy building condos they don't have time to fix the racetrack.\\\" There were 10 different winners in the first ten races,\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9381906\",\n \"text\": \"would match and beat any local competitor's price by 10%. PartSource PartSource Inc. is a Canadian automotive parts retail chain owned by Canadian Tire. It sells name brand automotive parts, specializing in commercial sales and sales to customers who work on their own vehicles. Founded in 1999, the retailer has 86 stores in Nova Scotia, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Originally composed of corporately owned and franchise-operated stores, as of November 2013 all PartSource stores are owned and operated by Canadian Tire Corporation. Most of the 15,000 products are name brand items. As of March 6, 2015 PartSource no longer\",\n \"title\": \"PartSource\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6182744\",\n \"text\": \"the $1-billion barrier for the first time, and the company opened, expanded, or relocated a total of 130 more stores. In June 1999, CSK added 86 more Checker stores in the Northern Plains states by acquiring the Big Wheel/Rossi Auto Parts chain, and in October of that year CSK completed its acquisition of 194 Al's and Grand Auto Supply stores in Washington, California, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, and Alaska, solidifying its position as a retailer of automotive aftermarket parts and accessories in the western United States. To strengthen its position in the Northern Plains states, in April 2000, CSK purchased All-Car\",\n \"title\": \"CSK Auto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20607288\",\n \"text\": \"lightning in the area. Daniel Suárez was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 27.136 seconds and a speed of . Jimmie Johnson was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 27.253 seconds and a speed of . Stage 1 \\\"Laps:\\\" 85 Stage 2 \\\"Laps:\\\" 85 Stage 3 \\\"Laps:\\\" 164 Fox Sports covered their 18th race at the Texas Motor Speedway. Mike Joy, 2009 race winner Jeff Gordon and Darrell Waltrip had the call in the booth for the race. Jamie Little, Vince Welch and Matt Yocum handled the pit road duties\",\n \"title\": \"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20607287\",\n \"text\": \"oval design, where the front straightaway juts outward slightly. The track layout is similar to Atlanta Motor Speedway and Charlotte Motor Speedway (formerly Lowe's Motor Speedway). The track is owned by Speedway Motorsports, Inc., the same company that owns Atlanta and Charlotte Motor Speedways, as well as the short-track Bristol Motor Speedway. Kurt Busch was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 27.523 seconds and a speed of . Kurt Busch scored the pole for the race with a time of 27.360 and a speed of after only one round of qualifying was completed due to\",\n \"title\": \"2018 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5529186\",\n \"text\": \"race sponsor in 2016 for the Bristol Night Race in August at Speedway's owned Bristol Motor Speedway. In 2014, the race returned to being a Sunday afternoon race because of the NCAA Men's basketball Final Four games being held at AT&T Stadium in nearby Arlington, so that the race occurs on a day in between tournament games. On February 6, 2014, Duck Commander, the business that is the subject of the TV show \\\"Duck Dynasty\\\", bought the naming rights for the race. The race returned to its Saturday night date in 2015. In 2017, the race would once again return\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7623777\",\n \"text\": \"from 2003 - 2007. Carquest Carquest Corporation is an American automotive parts distribution network that is currently owned and operated by Advance Auto Parts via independent retailers associated with the network. As of October 4, 2014 Advance operated 5,305 stores, 109 Worldpac branches. Advance Auto Parts and CARQUEST Auto Parts employs approximately 75,000 Team Members. The CarQuest marketing alliance and distribution network was formed in 1974 by O. Temple Sloan of General Parts, Dan Bock of Bobro Products, and Joe Hughes of Indiana Parts Warehouse. In response to competition from high-volume retail stores, Sloan believed \\\"that programmed distribution through a\",\n \"title\": \"Carquest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7617373\",\n \"text\": \"Asbury Automotive Group Asbury Automotive Group is a company based in Atlanta and was founded in 1995. The company operates auto dealerships in various parts of the United States. its rank in the Fortune 500 is 410 out of 500. As of December 2016, it is one of the largest automobile retailers in the United States, operating 96 franchises (80 dealership locations) in 18 metropolitan markets within 10 states. As of August 2017, its dealerships represent 29 American, European and Asian brands. In 2016, the company reported revenues of $6.5 billion and sold over 180,000 retail vehicles. Currently based out\",\n \"title\": \"Asbury Automotive Group\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10286275\",\n \"text\": \"closed. Chief was considered another convenience concept of 7-Eleven; many of the stores were open 24 hours a day. Many Chief stores were adjacent to 7-Eleven stores, or were in stand-alone buildings. 7-Eleven called them \\\"convenience auto parts stores.\\\" Chief Auto Parts Chief Auto Parts was a United States-based auto parts store chain that had stores located in the states of Tennessee, Texas, Nevada, Arizona, Arkansas and California. Chief was founded in 1955 in Norwalk, California by Vern Johnson and Lorin Tuthill. The company grew to 119 stores when it was sold to Southland in 1979. After passing through several\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7623770\",\n \"text\": \"Carquest Carquest Corporation is an American automotive parts distribution network that is currently owned and operated by Advance Auto Parts via independent retailers associated with the network. As of October 4, 2014 Advance operated 5,305 stores, 109 Worldpac branches. Advance Auto Parts and CARQUEST Auto Parts employs approximately 75,000 Team Members. The CarQuest marketing alliance and distribution network was formed in 1974 by O. Temple Sloan of General Parts, Dan Bock of Bobro Products, and Joe Hughes of Indiana Parts Warehouse. In response to competition from high-volume retail stores, Sloan believed \\\"that programmed distribution through a cooperative alliance would be\",\n \"title\": \"Carquest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10286273\",\n \"text\": \"Auto Parts to an investor group led by Chief management and Shearson Lehman Brothers for $130 million. Six years later, Chief Auto Parts was acquired by Trust Company of the West, a Los Angeles-based investment group, and the management of Chief Auto Parts for an undisclosed amount to primarily pay off General Electric Capital which had acquired Shearson Lehman's share of the company. In 1995, Chief Auto Parts acquired Houston-based Hi-Lo Automotive, with its 191 stores in Texas, Louisiana and California, for $121 million. At the time of the acquisition, Chief had more than 500 stores in California, Texas, Nevada,\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9679106\",\n \"text\": \"Frito-Lay North America CEO Tom Greco would succeed Jackson as CEO. In the 16 months following Greco's appointment, Advance Auto stock has plummeted (45%). As of 2017 Advance Auto Parts shares are mainly held by institutional investors (The Vanguard Group, Wellington Management Group, BlackRock, State Street Corporation, Lazard and others). Advance Auto Parts is the largest automotive aftermarket retailer in the United States based on sales and store count. The company premiered on the Fortune 500 list of companies in 2003 at No. 466 and has remained on the list since that time. As of June 2014, it was ranked\",\n \"title\": \"Advance Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5529188\",\n \"text\": \"when Nextel became a NASCAR sponsor, as they banned rival wireless sponsorships (Nextel used Motorola exclusively); the ban was lifted after the 2005 merger of Sprint and Nextel because Sprint is sold at RadioShack, and Sprint offers Samsung products. O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at Texas Motor Speedway (TMS) in Fort Worth, Texas. Even though it is advertised as a \\\"500-mile\\\" race, because TMS is a track that is in length, the actual race distance is . The first two runnings of the race were\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18562357\",\n \"text\": \"since it was established in 1995. The number of unique visitors of the website ranges from around 1.4 million to about 2.4 million according to the published web traffic analysis and rankings from Compete.com between December 2013 and December 2014. The auto parts retailing company has maintained online visibility through its stream of social media networks, including Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, Pinterest, and YouTube. It has also launched its own official blog that publishes news, press release, and other automotive-related resources and prints online. Auto Parts Warehouse Auto Parts Warehouse (APW) is an American online retailer of automotive parts and\",\n \"title\": \"Auto Parts Warehouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18562349\",\n \"text\": \"Auto Parts Warehouse Auto Parts Warehouse (APW) is an American online retailer of automotive parts and accessories for cars, vans, trucks, and sport utility vehicles. It is one of the flagship websites of U.S. Auto Parts Network (NASDAQ: PRTS), a publicly traded company that owns and manages a chain of auto parts stores and a free automotive repair guide online. Founded in 1995, Auto Parts Warehouse commenced as a small-scale auto parts distributor in California until it established itself as a massively operated e-commerce site for the automotive aftermarket, with more than 2 million stock keeping units (SKUs) in its\",\n \"title\": \"Auto Parts Warehouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3488688\",\n \"text\": \"In 1988, Sears Roebuck purchased Western Auto from Wesray Capital, which resulted in greater tire selections, and in Craftsman tools and DieHard batteries being sold at Western Auto stores. Sears valued the freestanding Western Auto stores as outlets for Craftsman and DieHard. The heavy competition from other mainstream discount auto parts stores, Advance, Carport, Napa, AutoZone and O'Reilly Auto Parts, proved too much for the company's lack of product focus. In 1995, Western Auto went into a buying spree involving two unrelated business transactions by acquiring 84 auto parts stores in Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia and Tennessee from the\",\n \"title\": \"Western Auto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19284595\",\n \"text\": \"Jani-King Jani-King International, Inc. is an American chain of cleaning service franchise. The company provides cleaning for public spaces such as offices, retails spaces, hotels, and stadiums. In 2001 it was the title sponsor of the NASCAR event at the Texas Motor Speedway now known as the O'Reilly Auto Parts 300. Jani-King's corporate offices are in Addison, Texas. Jerry Crawford is the CEO and President. From its corporate headquarters in Addison, TX, and through regional support offices in local markets, Jani-King provides its franchise owners additional training and certification programs for servicing hotels and hospitals. In August 2012, Jani-King partnered\",\n \"title\": \"Jani-King\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8834034\",\n \"text\": \"a title examiner. His son, Charles Francis O’Reilly, attended college in St. Louis and went to work in 1914 as a traveling salesman for Fred Campbell Auto Supply in St. Louis. By 1924, Charles had become familiar with the Springfield area, having traveled by train to sell auto parts throughout the territory. By 1932, he had become manager of Link Motor Supply in Springfield, and one of his sons, Charles H. (Chub) O’Reilly, joined the company. Together they provided the leadership and management that made Link the predominant auto parts store in the area. In 1957, Link planned a reorganization,\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3084000\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Radio Shack\\\" trademark. On July 4, 1979, the first store opened in Forrest City, Arkansas under the name of Auto Shack. Doc Crain was the store's first manager. Sales that first day totaled $300.00. In 1981, Express Parts or VDP is implemented to get the customers hard to find parts by special ordering them through wholesalers. Total stores was 73 in 7 states. In 1984, the company became the first auto parts retailer to create a quality control program for its parts. Total stores was 194 in 13 states. In 1985, Doc Crain coined the term WITTDTJR, which stands for\",\n \"title\": \"AutoZone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6182741\",\n \"text\": \"CSK Auto CSK Auto, Inc. was a specialty retailer of automotive parts and accessories in the western United States. CSK Auto became a publicly traded company in March 1998, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, and grew through a combination of acquisitions and organic growth. It was acquired in 2008 by O'Reilly Automotive. As of January 29, 2006, CSK operated 1,273 stores in 22 states spanning from Hawaii to Ohio, with principal concentration of stores in the Western United States. CSK operated its stores under four brand names: In the mid-2000s, CSK operated five value concept retail stores under the Pay N\",\n \"title\": \"CSK Auto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3084003\",\n \"text\": \"the New York Stock Exchange using the ticker symbol \\\"AZO.\\\" It opened up at $27.50 a share. It was then valued at $1 billion. The 5th DC opens in Lafayette, Louisiana. The company also became the first auto parts retailer to register customer warranties in a computer database. In 1994, AutoZone began using satellites to facilitate communication between stores and the corporate office. Sales hit $1.5 billion. In 1995, AutoZone opened its 1,000th store in Louisville, Kentucky. Also, the \\\"Duralast\\\" trademark made its debut with the \\\"Duralast\\\" and \\\"Duralast Gold\\\" batteries. Total of stores is now 1,143 in 26 states.\",\n \"title\": \"AutoZone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18797246\",\n \"text\": \"BuyAutoParts.com BuyAutoParts.com is an auto parts retailer based in San Diego, California. The company sells automotive repair and performance parts through its ecommerce website and over the phone. In 2012 they had sales of 32 million. Their CEO is Matt Glauber and all of their 118 employees are based in the United States. BuyAutoParts.com was founded in 1989 as a steering parts manufacturer and auto part distributor. In 2002 the company launched their website and by 2009 online sales made up half of total sales. Today the company receives 90 percent of its business from a targeted set of product\",\n \"title\": \"BuyAutoParts.com\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9679100\",\n \"text\": \"in 1987. In April 2001, Advance Auto Parts acquired Carport Auto Parts, a regional retail chain with 29 stores in Alabama and Mississippi. On November 28, Advance acquired Discount Auto Parts, Inc., a regional auto parts chain with 671 stores in Florida, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Louisiana. Upon completion of this merger, Advance Auto Parts became a publicly traded company, listed as a common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol AAP. The year ended with 2,484 stores in 38 states. In July 2002, Advance Auto Parts received bankruptcy court approval to acquire 57 Trak Auto\",\n \"title\": \"Advance Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18797248\",\n \"text\": \"list, 82nd in their 2014 Fastest Growing Private Companies list and #97 in the 2015 list. They were ranked number 31 in the San Diego Business Journal list of largest private San Diego companies for 2015. Company headquarters are located in San Diego, California. In 2012 they moved into a 55,000 square foot building which houses an inventory of 140,000 parts. As of March 2013 the company employed 118 people. BuyAutoParts.com BuyAutoParts.com is an auto parts retailer based in San Diego, California. The company sells automotive repair and performance parts through its ecommerce website and over the phone. In 2012\",\n \"title\": \"BuyAutoParts.com\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10286272\",\n \"text\": \"to 119 stores, mostly in California, by the time it was purchased by Southland in 1979. It was purchased by Southland Corporation in 1979, along with Citgo and Movie Quik. The company was based in Dallas, Texas and operated as a division of Southland Corporation until 1990. The company expanded in 1985 by acquiring locations in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama by purchasing Honey's Auto Parts in Nashville. At the same time, Chief also acquired 77 Checker Auto Parts locations in Oklahoma and Texas from Lucky Stores when Lucky decided to withdraw Checker from those areas. In 1988, Southland sold Chief\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2533862\",\n \"text\": \"Aftermarket (automotive) The automotive aftermarket is the secondary market of the automotive industry, concerned with the manufacturing, remanufacturing, distribution, retailing, and installation of all vehicle parts, chemicals, equipment, and accessories, \\\"after\\\" the sale of the automobile by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to the consumer. The parts, accessories, etc. for sale may or may not be manufactured by the OEM. According to a report by the International Trade Administration in the Department of Commerce, \\\"\\\"Aftermarket parts are divided into two categories: replacement parts and accessories. Replacement parts are automotive parts built or remanufactured to replace OE parts as they become\",\n \"title\": \"Aftermarket (automotive)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7599275\",\n \"text\": \"Parts Group supports over 6,000 NAPA AUTO PARTS stores throughout the United States, 700 wholesalers in Canada and 481 automotive locations in Australia and New Zealand. These stores sell to both the Retail (DIY) and Commercial (DIFM) automotive aftermarket customer and cover the majority of all domestic and foreign motor vehicle models. The Industrial Parts Group, operating under the name Motion Industries, offers more than 5.9 million industrial replacement parts and related supplies. The Group serves over 150,000 MRO and OEM customers throughout North America and in all types of industries. These include the food and beverage, forest products, primary\",\n \"title\": \"Genuine Parts Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076848\",\n \"text\": \"oval design, where the front straightaway juts outward slightly. The track layout is similar to Atlanta Motor Speedway and Charlotte Motor Speedway (formerly Lowe's Motor Speedway). The track is owned by Speedway Motorsports, Inc., the same company that owns Atlanta and Charlotte Motor Speedways, as well as the short-track Bristol Motor Speedway. Ryan Blaney was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 27.809 seconds and a speed of . During the session, Chase Elliott and Erik Jones sustained terminal damage to their cars in wrecks that required them to switch to backup cars. Kevin Harvick scored\",\n \"title\": \"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18562352\",\n \"text\": \"Trusted Store, highly rated for its shopping reliability and customer service. Based on the Google Trusted Store reviews, the retailing site was rated 4.5 out of 5 stars. It is StellaService approved and a certified ResellerRatings Elite Merchant, with a rating of 8.44 out of 10 from more than 70,000 reviews, as of January 2015. In April 2013, Auto Parts Warehouse launched its own mobile application, which can be downloaded from Apple’s iTunes and Android’s Google Play. The Auto Parts Warehouse app is developed to give users of smart phones and other mobile devices prompt access to parts and accessories\",\n \"title\": \"Auto Parts Warehouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9679099\",\n \"text\": \"along the Atlantic Seaboard. As of 2018, Autopart International still operates as a separate division within Advance Auto. In 2013, AAP purchased General Parts Inc. including Carquest, Carquest Canada and WorldPac for $2.04 billion. In April 1932, Arthur Taubman purchased the Advance Stores from Pep Boys, with two stores in Roanoke, Virginia and one in Lynchburg, Virginia. The first major expansion of Advance Auto Parts was in 1998 when the company acquired the remaining operations of Western Auto, an auto parts and general store retailer. Most of the Western Auto operations had been taken over by Sears, Roebuck and Co.\",\n \"title\": \"Advance Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19432744\",\n \"text\": \"Euro Car Parts Euro Car Parts is a distributor of car parts and accessories with over 200 locations across the UK and Ireland. The company was bought by LKQ Corporation in October 2011 for £255 million. The company was founded when Sukhpal Singh Ahluwalia opened a motor parts shop in Willesden, North West London, in 1978. Euro Car Parts now have two hundred branches nationwide, having opened their 200th branch in Moss Lane, Manchester, United Kingdom, in December 2015. Euro Car Parts was first established to supply car parts for BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche and Volkswagen models. Since 2016, Euro Car\",\n \"title\": \"Euro Car Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19284596\",\n \"text\": \"with Buffalo Bills. Jani-King Jani-King International, Inc. is an American chain of cleaning service franchise. The company provides cleaning for public spaces such as offices, retails spaces, hotels, and stadiums. In 2001 it was the title sponsor of the NASCAR event at the Texas Motor Speedway now known as the O'Reilly Auto Parts 300. Jani-King's corporate offices are in Addison, Texas. Jerry Crawford is the CEO and President. From its corporate headquarters in Addison, TX, and through regional support offices in local markets, Jani-King provides its franchise owners additional training and certification programs for servicing hotels and hospitals. In August\",\n \"title\": \"Jani-King\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17595282\",\n \"text\": \"expanded to tracks outside the region. Among the tracks that played host to Busch All-Star Tour races included Lakeside Speedway, I-80 Speedway, Eagle Raceway, I-70 Speedway, Hawkeye Downs Speedway and Iowa State Fair Speedway The series was eventually renamed the O'Reilly Auto Parts All-Star Series, and the tour was discontinued after 2002 by NASCAR, as it decided to shift its focus to its Weekly Racing Series (now the Whelen All-American Series). NASCAR's top national series didn't return to dirt until the Camping World Truck Series ran the 2013 Mudsummer Classic at Eldora Speedway. Notable personnel who worked with the tour\",\n \"title\": \"Busch All-Star Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4915305\",\n \"text\": \"National Automotive Parts Association The National Automotive Parts Association (NAPA), also known as NAPA Auto Parts, founded in 1925, is an American retailers' cooperative distributing automotive replacement parts, accessories and service items in North America. There are over 6,000 NAPA Auto Parts stores across the United States. 1,142 NAPA stores are owned by Genuine Parts Company, and the remainder are independently owned. 15,000 NAPA AutoCare repair facilities are in operation which provide vehicle maintenance and repair services. Outside the United States, NAPA operates in Canada through the UAP (United Auto Parts) division of Genuine Parts Company and NAPA Autopro repair\",\n \"title\": \"National Automotive Parts Association\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3488689\",\n \"text\": \"bankrupted Nationwise Automotive chain in October for an undisclosed amount and later acquired Wheels Discount Auto Supply and its 82 auto parts stores in New York and Pennsylvania at the end of the year from its then owner Fay's Drug for $37 million. Also during 1995, Sears began to convert the Western Auto stores to the new parts-only Parts America format by eliminating the automotive service bays. By 1998, Sears almost finished converting the 600 remaining company owned Western Auto stores into Parts America branded stores. By the beginning of 1997, fewer than 850 company-owned stores remained. At that point,\",\n \"title\": \"Western Auto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"782500\",\n \"text\": \"collectors consider those to be the OEM parts. Other-brand parts would be considered aftermarket, such as Champion spark plugs, DieHard batteries, Kinsler fuel injectors, and BMP engine blocks and heads. Many auto parts manufacturers sell parts through multiple channels, for example to car makers for installation during new-vehicle construction, to car makers for resale as automaker-branded replacement parts, and through general merchandising supply chains. Any given brand of part can be OE on some vehicle models and aftermarket on others. Microsoft is a popular example of a company that issues OEM software for its Windows operating systems. OEM product keys\",\n \"title\": \"Original equipment manufacturer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16595437\",\n \"text\": \"Vegas and Phoenix, which allowed him to take the point lead for the first time in his career. Larson picked up his second career pole and earned his second career win at the Auto Club 400, furthering his points lead. A 17th-place finish at Martinsville Speedway hurt him, but he still maintained a four-point lead over Chase Elliott. In the 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500, Larson rebounded from struggles early to finish 2nd. Larson picked up his third career pole at Michigan and then he led 96 laps to get his third career win in the FireKeepers Casino 400 holding\",\n \"title\": \"Kyle Larson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15916031\",\n \"text\": \"ten sporting goods stores and two wholesale firms located in the Gulf Coast region. In the 1970s Oshman's was expanding in the Los Angeles area. In 1978 Oshman's purchased the rights to the trade name of Abercrombie and Fitch from First National Bank of Chicago for $1.5 million ($5.2 million in 2013 dollars). As of October 31, 1987 the company operated 185 traditional stores, one Super Sports USA store, and 27 Abercrombie and Fitch stores. Around December 25 that year it stopped its proposed $50 million sale (of which $20 million could be in banknotes) of the stores to an\",\n \"title\": \"Oshman's Sporting Goods\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19432747\",\n \"text\": \"making it one of the largest distribution centres in the West Midlands. On 2 August 2016, Euro Car Parts purchased the Arleigh Group, a specialist supplier to the leisure industry. In October 2016, Euro Car Parts purchased Andrew Page out of administration but the CMA launched a hold separate order whilst an investigation into the purchase was undertaken. On 8 December 2017, the CMA gave notice of the proposal to accept final undertakings. On 5 January 2017, Euro Car Parts opened their first branch in the Republic of Ireland. This was then followed by the purchase of PR Riley on\",\n \"title\": \"Euro Car Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6243987\",\n \"text\": \"headquarters in Oshawa. The blockade was ended by an Ontario Superior Court order, after 12 days. Further discussions between GM and the CAW resulted in an agreement to compensate workers at the truck plant and additional product commitments for the Oshawa car assembly plant. GM opened their Technical Centre campus in Markham, Ontario, in 2017 located at the former American Express Canadian head office site. The planned closure of the Oshawa plant was announced November 25, 2018, in a global reorganization effort. 2522 unionized positions (Unifor Local 222) face layoffs, and no further auto assemblies were planned later than December\",\n \"title\": \"General Motors Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076859\",\n \"text\": \"of the deciding factor I feel like. I let a lot of good cars get by like the 48 and 42 and 24, and that hurt us more, I think, than anything was that restart after segment 2 when we had to check up big in 1 and 2. I thought we made the right call to stay out there and try to win that segment. I’m for that.” Stage 1 \\\"Laps:\\\" 85 Stage 2 \\\"Laps:\\\" 85 Stage 3 \\\"Laps:\\\" 164 Fox Sports covered their 17th race at the Texas Motor Speedway. Mike Joy, 2009 race winner Jeff Gordon and\",\n \"title\": \"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7623771\",\n \"text\": \"the most effective means to remain competitive.\\\" According to a 1994 Bangor Daily News article, \\\"CARQUEST is made up of 14 distributing companies operating 64 CARQUEST Auto Parts Stores throughout the United States\\\" at that time. General Parts was the largest member with General Parts owning 1,400 out of CarQuest’s 3,400 auto parts stores across North America by 2011. O. Temple Sloan Jr. started General Parts in 1961. Founding member Bobro was later sold to White Plains Automotive in 1984 and renamed B.W.P. Distributors. BWP was later acquired by Advance Auto in 2012. Dan Bock later served as president of\",\n \"title\": \"Carquest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18562351\",\n \"text\": \"for more than 50 vehicle brands, including domestic and imported makes and models. It sells automotive merchandise from nearly 700 labels, including: Global aftermarket suppliers Performance parts manufacturers Specialty brands The e-commerce site uses a proprietary product database for tracking SKUs for wide-range product applications based on vehicle make, model, year, and other specifications. The corporate headquarters of Auto Parts Warehouse is located at 16941 Keegan Avenue, Carson, California. The auto parts retailer operates and maintains several warehouses and distribution centers in various locations in the United States to facilitate product shipping and delivery on schedule. AutoPartsWarehouse.com is a Google\",\n \"title\": \"Auto Parts Warehouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13961280\",\n \"text\": \"2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series The 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series season was the twenty-ninth season of semi-professional stock car racing in the United States. Beginning at Daytona International Speedway, the season included thirty-five races, which ended with the Ford 300 at Homestead Miami Speedway. During the 2009 off-season, NASCAR announced few calendar changes, including moving the Memphis Motorsports Park race to Road America due to the closure of Memphis. Joe Gibbs won the owners' championship, while Brad Keselowski won the drivers' championship during the O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge at Texas Motor Speedway, two races before the final. Toyota won the manufacturers'\",\n \"title\": \"2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3084004\",\n \"text\": \"1996 was the year when the Internet era arrived at the company, when AutoZone opened its company Web site. The new commercial program debuted in Germantown, Tennessee. ALLDATA, a software company based in Elk Grove, California that provides automotive diagnostic and repair information, was acquired. Company founder Pitt Hyde retired as chairman and CEO in 1997. John Adams became the new chairman and CEO. In 1998, AutoZone acquired Auto Palace, an auto parts chain in the northeastern United States with 112 stores, TruckPro L.P., a chain with 43 stores in 14 states, and the 560-store Chief Auto Parts Inc., a\",\n \"title\": \"AutoZone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6442805\",\n \"text\": \"Carolina, and 3 in Georgia. Further expansion is being pushed as part of Sunoco's NASCAR sponsorship, where APlus is known as the \\\"Official Pit Stop of NASCAR\\\". In October 2013, Sunoco purchased Mid-Atlantic Convenience Stores, a Richmond, VA based Circle K Franchisee, with over 300 stores in the mid-atlantic region. These locations continued to operate as Circle K until early 2016, when they were converted to the APlus brand. Though operated by Sunoco, the majority of the locations continue to sell Exxon fuels. Here is a list of products offered at APlus locations: A-Plus APlus is an American convenience store\",\n \"title\": \"A-Plus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13961298\",\n \"text\": \"standings 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series The 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series season was the twenty-ninth season of semi-professional stock car racing in the United States. Beginning at Daytona International Speedway, the season included thirty-five races, which ended with the Ford 300 at Homestead Miami Speedway. During the 2009 off-season, NASCAR announced few calendar changes, including moving the Memphis Motorsports Park race to Road America due to the closure of Memphis. Joe Gibbs won the owners' championship, while Brad Keselowski won the drivers' championship during the O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge at Texas Motor Speedway, two races before the final. Toyota won the\",\n \"title\": \"2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5529184\",\n \"text\": \"run on April 9, 2011 and was the first scheduled night race of the season, and in Texas Motor Speedway history for the Cup Series. In 2013, NASCAR became involved in controversy when the National Rifle Association (NRA) began to sponsor the race; although race sponsorships are negotiated with the track owner, not NASCAR itself, the sanctioning organization has final approval and did not object to the sponsorship. Both NASCAR's acceptance of this sponsorship, and its timing, has been controversial, and offensive to gun control activists. Because of the sponsorship, Senator Chris Murphy asked Rupert Murdoch, whose News Corporation owns\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7599270\",\n \"text\": \"new headquarters building in the Wildwood area of Cobb County, GA in June 2016. The Automotive Parts Group, the largest division of GPC, distributes approximately 475,000 automotive replacement parts, accessory items and service items throughout North America, Australia and New Zealand. In North America, parts are sold primarily under the NAPA brand name, but in 2017 under the name Genuine®, which may lead customers to think the part is from an OE supplier to the auto manufacturer. GPC also uses the UAP brand in Canada and AutoTodo in Mexico. The Company’s GPC Asia Pacific business serves the Australasian markets primarily\",\n \"title\": \"Genuine Parts Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18562350\",\n \"text\": \"catalog. With headquarters in Carson, the online retailing site has expanded its market reach and retail distribution in all locations throughout the United States. The online retailing site offers over 2 million auto-related products through its online sales channels and direct partnerships with suppliers and manufacturers. By eliminating intermediaries common in most supply chains, Auto Parts Warehouse is able to provide a broad selection of automotive parts and accessories and has structured a discount pricing scheme for individual consumers, advocating the DIY (do it yourself) and DIFM (do it for me) market. Its product lineup includes automotive parts and accessories\",\n \"title\": \"Auto Parts Warehouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15916030\",\n \"text\": \"Downtown Houston at Capitol and Fannin. Founded as a proprietorship, Oshman's business was incorporated as Oshman's Sporting Goods 15 years later, in 1946, as the country emerged from World War II.. As business increased, the store moved to a larger location at 902 Main in Downtown Houston. Oshman's opened locations in suburban shopping centers in Greater Houston and then in Bay City, Beaumont, Corpus Christi, and Pasadena. Oshman died in 1965. By that year Oshman's was Texas's largest sporting goods chain, and it was the largest sporting goods chain in the southwestern United States. At that time the company had\",\n \"title\": \"Oshman's Sporting Goods\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5529183\",\n \"text\": \"the longest such streak for any NASCAR track in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. This list includes Texas Native Terry Labonte, who won in 1999, and Dale Earnhardt Jr winning his first race in 2000. Jeff Burton, the winner of the inaugural race, broke that streak by getting his second Texas win in a last lap pass in 2007. In 2011, the race became a Saturday night event, whereas before it was always a Sunday afternoon race. This was done since the night race at Phoenix was moved to February and became a day race. The 2011 race was\",\n \"title\": \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16714084\",\n \"text\": \"chain in the United States as of 2013. It was also named 2011 Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association Head of Class Award recipient and \\\"Federated Auto Parts Outstanding Marketing Member\\\" of the Year in 2011. KOI Auto Parts was the official auto parts store and sponsor of the Cincinnati Reds from 2009 through 2015. KOI also sponsors several other events and car shows including the annual Cavalcade of Customs car show held every year in Cincinnati which was featured on the MAVTV show Two Guys Garage in 2012, the Lawrenceburg Speedway, and the Pumpkin Run Nationals car show. KOI Auto Parts\",\n \"title\": \"KOI Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12605963\",\n \"text\": \"the pole. Failed to qualify: Mike Harmon (#89). The American Commercial Lines 200 was held on March 7 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Kyle Busch won his second consecutive pole. Failed to qualify: None, only 36 entries The Kroger 250 was held on March 30 at Martinsville Speedway. Rick Crawford won the pole. Failed to qualify: None, only 36 entries The O'Reilly Auto Parts 250 was held on April 25 and April 27 at Kansas Speedway. Ron Hornaday, Jr. won the pole. Failed to qualify: None, only 35 entries The North Carolina Education Lottery 200 was held on May 15 at\",\n \"title\": \"2009 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4915306\",\n \"text\": \"facilities in Canada, Mexico and other locations throughout the Caribbean and Latin America. In April 2013, Genuine Parts Company acquired Exego Group, a leading automotive parts and accessories distributor in Australasia. The company sells automotive accessories and parts under the Repco name in Australia and New Zealand, but in 2017 began branding with the NAPA banner, first with a store in Logan City, Queensland. In September 2017, Genuine Parts Company acquired Alliance Automotive Group (AAG), a leading European distributor of vehicle parts, tools and workshop equipment. AAG is the second largest parts distribution platform in Europe and focuses on light\",\n \"title\": \"National Automotive Parts Association\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3488681\",\n \"text\": \"Western Auto Western Auto Supply Company—known more widely as Western Auto—was a specialty retail chain of stores that supplied automobile parts and accessories. It operated approximately 1200 stores across the United States and in Puerto Rico. It was started in 1909 in Kansas City, Missouri, by George Pepperdine and Don Abnor Davis. Pepperdine later founded Pepperdine University. Western Auto was bought by Beneficial Corporation in 1961; Western Auto's management led a leveraged buyout in 1985, leading three years later to a sale to Sears. Sears sold most of the company to Advance Auto Parts in 1998, and by 2003, the\",\n \"title\": \"Western Auto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16714083\",\n \"text\": \"Tony and Wilfred. In 1953 they purchased a local auto parts retailer named Kentucky Motor Service. They continued to grow, acquiring additional local auto parts retailers Wilcox Auto Parts & Savage Auto Parts, eventually changing the name of the company to KOI Auto Parts incorporating the three predominant states it did business in, K-Kentucky, O-Ohio, I-Indiana. In 1987 KOI Auto Parts became a member of the Federated Auto Parts group. KOI Auto Parts became an ESOP, (Employee Owned) company in 1999. In 2014 KOI Auto Parts merged with Fisher Auto Parts. KOI Auto Parts is the 11th largest auto parts\",\n \"title\": \"KOI Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3083999\",\n \"text\": \"AutoZone AutoZone, Inc. is an American retailer of aftermarket automotive parts and accessories, the largest in the United States. Founded in 1979, AutoZone has over 6,000 stores across the United States, Mexico, and Brazil. The company is based in Memphis, Tennessee. Originally a division of Memphis-based wholesale grocer Malone & Hyde, the company was known as Auto Shack. After the sale of the grocery operation to the Fleming Companies of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the name of the company was changed to AutoZone to reflect the new focus and to settle a lawsuit brought by Tandy Corporation for infringing on Tandy's\",\n \"title\": \"AutoZone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4960175\",\n \"text\": \"Auto Parts 300 and the O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge and the Verizon IndyCar series race, the Firestone 600. The track also hosts two NASCAR Camping World Truck Series races, the Rattlesnake 400 (which takes place on the same weekend as the IndyCar Firestone 600) and the Jag Metals 350. For a short time during construction in September 1996, the track's name was changed to Texas International Raceway. SMI's customary track naming convention had planned to have the \\\"Motor Speedway\\\" as part of the name. However, in August 1996, a small quarter-mile dirt raceway in Alvin, Texas (now known as Texas\",\n \"title\": \"Texas Motor Speedway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3113471\",\n \"text\": \"United Supermarkets United Supermarkets is a North American supermarket grocery store chain. With headquarters in Lubbock, Texas, its roots go back to 1916, when H.D. Snell opened his first United Cash Store in Sayre, Oklahoma. Today, his legacy has grown to include 95 stores in 30 Texas cities and over 10,000 workers. United Supermarkets has stores primarily located in North Texas, West Texas, and the Texas Panhandle. The five regions for store locations are: the Lubbock region has 18 stores, the Amarillo region has 13 stores, the Wichita Falls region has eight stores, the Abilene region has five stores, and\",\n \"title\": \"United Supermarkets\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13332657\",\n \"text\": \"Ohio South Carolina Tennessee Texas Pull-A-Part Pull-A-Part, LLC is a United States chain of automotive recycling yards where customers bring their own tools and remove parts out of used vehicles. there are 25 locations in 12 states. Founded in 1997 in Atlanta, Georgia, Pull-A-Part is the nation’s fastest growing self-service used auto parts retailer, and recycler in the United States. Beginning as a scrap metal recycling program, Pull-A-Part opened its first vehicle salvage and recycling yard in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1998. The company has expanded since, and in 2013 purchased Corpus Christi, Texas-based U-Pull-It Auto Parts Inc. as its 25th\",\n \"title\": \"Pull-A-Part\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5435245\",\n \"text\": \"2016, it was announced that Yeley will drive the No. 14 Toyota Camry for TriStar Motorsports in the Xfinity Series, starting at Atlanta. Yeley replaced David Starr in the No. 44 at Richmond due to Starr being sidelined with an illness; Yeley eventually took over the ride full-time. For the 2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 at Texas, Yeley made his return to the Cup Series, driving the No. 7 Chevrolet SS for Tommy Baldwin Racing, a team he last drove for in 2013. After starting 27th, he finished in the same position, four laps down. In 2017, Yeley returned to\",\n \"title\": \"J. J. Yeley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3484899\",\n \"text\": \"were equipped with Allstate-brand tires, tubes, spark plugs and batteries, all with their own Sears \\\"Triple Guarantee\\\" warranties. Initially, the Allstate was offered only in the south and southwest United States, with plans to expand distribution as demand for the product grew. Sears locations selling Allstates included Baytown, Texas; Beaumont, Texas; Birmingham, Alabama; Dallas, Texas; Fayetteville, North Carolina; Houston, Texas; Jackson, Mississippi; Knoxville, Tennessee; Little Rock, Arkansas; Lubbock, Texas; Memphis, Tennessee; Norfolk, Virginia; Orlando, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; Portsmouth, Virginia; Richmond, Virginia; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Waco, Texas. While some Sears outlets tried to stock at least one sample of\",\n \"title\": \"Allstate (automobile)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7623773\",\n \"text\": \"acquired by Advance Auto Parts, Inc in an all-cash transaction estimated at $2.04 billion dollars. The deal was finalized on January 3, 2014. Carquest members now include Advance Auto Parts, Automotive Warehouse of Hawaii, CAP Warehouse of Nevada, and Muffler Warehouse of Idaho. WORLDPAC was formed in 1995 by the merger of WorldWide Trading Corp. (WWTC) and Imported Parts and Accessories (IMPAC). WORLDPAC, which specializes in providing hard to find aftermarket parts for imported vehicles, was acquired by Carquest in 2004 and by Advance Auto Parts on January 2, 2014 when General Parts International was merged into Advance. CARQUEST is\",\n \"title\": \"Carquest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19432745\",\n \"text\": \"Parts have been supplying parts for all makes and models. The company was sold to the LKQ Corporation of Chicago in October 2011, for a total of £255 million and in April 2014, Mr Singh announced that he was to leave the company, in order to pursue other interests. In November 2014, Mr Singh rejoined the company, being elected onto the Board of Directors. The company is based in Dordon at Junction 10 off the M42 motorway, near Tamworth. Euro Car Parts now has 16 distribution centres around the United Kingdom, and has a bulk storage facility in Bonehill, Staffordshire.\",\n \"title\": \"Euro Car Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19516690\",\n \"text\": \"do not are marked with an asterisk. Dodge RAM (Aurora) Larry H. Miller Dealerships Larry H. Miller Group Dealerships is a privately owned new and pre-owned automotive retailer in the western United States. It is division of Miller Automotive Operations, which is a subsidiary of the Larry H. Miller Group of Companies. It was founded in 1979 by entrepreneur Larry H. Miller and is headquartered in Sandy, Utah. They were listed in the top ten dealership groups in the country in 2014 and 2016. The company owns and operates 54 dealerships in Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Idaho, Washington, and\",\n \"title\": \"Larry H. Miller Dealerships\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3665470\",\n \"text\": \"new parts distribution site, known as \\\"Eastern Canada Parts Distribution Centre\\\", to replace the current plant in Scarborough, Ontario, at the intersection of Lambs Road and Baseline Road. Toyota also plans to add a new nature trail known as the \\\"Toyota Trail\\\" that will connect the Soper Creek Trail to the new plant. The facility is planned to open in 2019. An outlet mall was planned to be built in Bowmanville near the Highway 401/Waverley Road interchange, but the company abandoned the project shortly thereafter due to \\\"cost prohibitive complexities\\\". The Canadian Tire Motorsport Park (formerly Mosport International Raceway) which\",\n \"title\": \"Bowmanville\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18562353\",\n \"text\": \"in the retailer’s complete catalog listing. This enables customized searches for auto-related products. According to Shane Evangelist, Chief Executive Officer and Director of U.S. Auto Parts Network, Inc., the app is designed to give car owners instant and convenient access to the automotive products they need for repair or installation and other services. The app enables instant parts search, order tracking, and comparison shopping, as well as direct contact to the customer service center. Features from the Auto Parts Warehouse site are also available from the app, including secure checkouts and options to save the shipping address for quick ordering\",\n \"title\": \"Auto Parts Warehouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9679107\",\n \"text\": \"at No. 1,412 on the Forbes magazine \\\"World's Biggest Public Companies\\\" list. Soon after, Advance Auto Parts was bumped to 2nd largest automotive aftermarket retailer by competitor, AutoZone, and has held that that position as of July 2018. Advance has received recognition for charitable contributions. The company has been named an \\\"elite partner\\\" for its fundraising for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), having donated more than $42 million since 1994. Advance acts as an aggregator for the largest portion of the donations for JDRF, collecting monies from both walk-in customers and commercial business through the sale of paper sneakers,\",\n \"title\": \"Advance Auto Parts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2533868\",\n \"text\": \"DIY sales at the chain stores have fallen a total of 3% to 5%, while commercial sales have brought in a double-digit sales increase. AutoZone’s DIFM sales in 2013 alone increased over 13%. Online sales of auto parts and accessories in the US, excluding online auctions and used parts, have been projected to pass $10 billion in 2018. Automobile manufacturers have attempted to hinder or suppress automotive aftermarket sales by means of copyright or patent infringement litigation. For example, in \\\"British Leyland Motor Corp. v Armstrong Patents Co.\\\" in the UK, the House of Lords decided in 1986 that Leyland\",\n \"title\": \"Aftermarket (automotive)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6662530\",\n \"text\": \"Center for Visionary Art into Houston's cultural life through a wide variety of programs. In 1996, the company had a total of 129 stores. Twenty-seven were SuperSports USA stores, which generated 65% of the company's sales. As of August 1997, Oshman's had 37 SuperSports USA stores and had closed or was closing all but 31 of its smaller stores. The big box stores, which average , feature batting cages, golf simulators, putting greens, basketball half-courts, racquet sports areas, and inline skating areas. Marilyn Oshman Marilyn Oshman is the chairman of Oshman's Sporting Goods and the company's largest shareholder. She was\",\n \"title\": \"Marilyn Oshman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3488697\",\n \"text\": \"into loft condominiums; the Western Auto sign remains atop the building. The sign was relit on July 13, 2018 at 8:45pm Central time, having been refurbished with funding from the current condo association. Specific citations: Western Auto Western Auto Supply Company—known more widely as Western Auto—was a specialty retail chain of stores that supplied automobile parts and accessories. It operated approximately 1200 stores across the United States and in Puerto Rico. It was started in 1909 in Kansas City, Missouri, by George Pepperdine and Don Abnor Davis. Pepperdine later founded Pepperdine University. Western Auto was bought by Beneficial Corporation in\",\n \"title\": \"Western Auto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076856\",\n \"text\": \"how to do it,” Johnson said in victory lane. “I'm just real proud of this team. What a tough track and tough conditions. We were really in our wheelhouse and we were just able to execute all day.” After his victory lane interviews, Johnson went to the infield care center to receive three bags of IV fluid because the fluid system in his car malfunctioned in the closing laps. Dale Earnhardt Jr., who earned his first top-five finish since a runner-up finish in the 2016 Axalta \\\"We Paint Winners\\\" 400 at Pocono Raceway, said he \\\"figured we'd get one sooner\",\n \"title\": \"2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13332654\",\n \"text\": \"Pull-A-Part Pull-A-Part, LLC is a United States chain of automotive recycling yards where customers bring their own tools and remove parts out of used vehicles. there are 25 locations in 12 states. Founded in 1997 in Atlanta, Georgia, Pull-A-Part is the nation’s fastest growing self-service used auto parts retailer, and recycler in the United States. Beginning as a scrap metal recycling program, Pull-A-Part opened its first vehicle salvage and recycling yard in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1998. The company has expanded since, and in 2013 purchased Corpus Christi, Texas-based U-Pull-It Auto Parts Inc. as its 25th location. Pull-A-Part works closely with\",\n \"title\": \"Pull-A-Part\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19516687\",\n \"text\": \"at number 10 on the top 125 U.S. dealership groups in 2014. The acquisition of Lakewood Fordland in the Denver, Colorado market in November 2014 brought the company back to its founder's roots. Miller started his career in the automotive industry as a parts salesmen in the Denver region. In December 2014 and June 2015, Larry H. Miller's Fiat dealerships in Tucson, Arizona and Avondale, Arizona became two of only three dealerships in Arizona to carry the Alfa Romeo 2015 Launch Edition for sale. Larry H. Miller Dealerships began selling parts online directly to consumers in July 2015. After stepping\",\n \"title\": \"Larry H. Miller Dealerships\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20603500\",\n \"text\": \"people across 89 locations. In October 2011, Ahluwalia sold Euro Car Parts to LKQ Corporation for £280 million, with a supplementary £55 million if targets were met. After the sale, Ahluwalia became Executive Chairman of LKQ Corporation's businesses in the UK, Ireland and India. Ahluwalia also sits on the American Board of the company. As of 2018, Euro Car Parts company has more than 300 branches across the UK and employs more than 10,000 people. In 2011, Ahluwalia founded property company Dominvs Group. The Group manages a portfolio exceeding £700 million. The Dominvs Group has acquired or constructed a number\",\n \"title\": \"Sukhpal Singh Ahluwalia\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"how many o'reilly auto parts stores are there"}}},{"rowIdx":99,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["October 2, 2017"],"string":"[\n \"October 2, 2017\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"20152594","text":"at ABC after a previous attempted series did not move forward at CBS Television Studios in 2015; \"The Good Doctor\" was ordered to series in May 2017. On October 3, 2017, ABC picked up the series for a full season of 18 episodes. The series is primarily filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia. The series debuted on September 25, 2017. \"The Good Doctor\" has received mixed to positive reviews from critics, with particular praise given to Highmore's performance, and strong television ratings. In March 2018, ABC renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 24, 2018. The series","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152599","text":"the first as Alex, Morgan, Audrey, and Lea, respectively. In addition, it was announced that Chuku Modu would not return for the second season. In September 19, 2018, it was announced that Beau Garrett had left the series ahead of the second season premiere. Production on the pilot took place from March 21 to April 6, 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Filming for the rest of the season began on July 26, 2017, and concluded on March 1, 2018. Filming for season two began on June 27, 2018, and is set to conclude on February 12, 2019. Emmy nominated Dan","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152597","text":"season of 18 episodes on October 3, 2017. On March 7, 2018, ABC renewed the series for a second season. On February 17, 2017, Antonia Thomas was cast as Dr. Claire Browne, a strong-willed and talented doctor who forms a special connection with Shaun. A week later, Freddie Highmore was cast in the lead role as Dr. Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism; and Nicholas Gonzalez was cast as Dr. Neil Melendez, the boss of the surgical residents at the hospital. The next month, Chuku Modu was cast as resident Dr. Jared Kalu (originally Dr. Jared Unger); Hill Harper","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152604","text":"its release, including over 22 million views on Facebook. The pilot was screened at ABC's PaleyFest event on September 9, 2017. On March 22, 2018, members of the cast as well as executive producers Shore and Kim attended the 35th annual PaleyFest LA to promote the series, along with a screening of the season finale of the first season. The series premiere earned a 2.2/9 rating in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic, with 11.22 million total viewers, making it the most watched Monday drama debut on ABC in 21 years, since \"Dangerous Minds\" in September 1996, and the highest rated","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152600","text":"Romer serves as the primary composer for the series. He won an ASCAP Screen Music Awards for his work on the show. \"The Good Doctor\" began airing on September 25, 2017, on ABC in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. Sky Witness acquired the broadcast rights for the United Kingdom and Ireland. Seven Network airs the series in Australia. Wowow, the largest Japanese private satellite and pay-per-view television network in Japan acquired the rights to broadcast the series beginning in April 2018. In the Netherlands, the series began airing on January 29, 2018, on RTL 4 and on","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152596","text":"a pediatric surgeon with autism was to be set in Boston and projected to air in August 2015. However, CBS did not pick up the project and it moved to Sony Pictures Television, with a put pilot commitment from ABC in October 2016. The series is developed by David Shore, who is executive producing alongside Kim, Sebastian Lee, and David Kim. ABC officially ordered the series to pilot in January 2017. On May 11, 2017, ABC ordered the show to series as a co-production with Sony Pictures Television and ABC Studios, and it was officially picked up for a full","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152593","text":"hit medical drama, \"House\", to develop the series. The show is produced by Sony Pictures Television and ABC Studios, in association with production companies Shore Z Productions, 3AD, and Entermedia. David Shore serves as showrunner and Daniel Dae Kim is an executive producer for the show. The series stars Freddie Highmore as Shaun Murphy, a young savant surgical resident at San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital who lives with the challenges of autism. Antonia Thomas, Nicholas Gonzalez, Beau Garrett, Hill Harper, Richard Schiff, Will Yun Lee and Tamlyn Tomita also star in the show. The series received a put pilot commitment","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152598","text":"as head of surgery Dr. Marcus Andrews (originally Dr. Horace Andrews); Irene Keng as resident Dr. Elle McLean; and Richard Schiff was cast as Dr. Aaron Glassman (originally Dr. Ira Glassman), the hospital president and Shaun's mentor. Schiff was shortly followed by Beau Garrett as hospital board member Jessica Preston and a friend of Dr. Glassman. In September 2017, Tamlyn Tomita was promoted to the principal cast as Allegra Aoki. In April 2018, it was revealed that Will Yun Lee, Fiona Gubelmann, Christina Chang, and Paige Spara had been promoted to series regulars for the second season, after recurring in","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152592","text":"The Good Doctor (TV series) The Good Doctor is an American medical drama television series based on the 2013 award-winning South Korean series of the same name. The actor Daniel Dae Kim first noticed the series and bought the rights for his production company. He began adapting the series and in 2015 eventually shopped it to CBS, his home network. CBS decided against creating a pilot. Because Kim felt so strongly about the series, he bought back the rights from CBS. Eventually, Sony Pictures Television and Kim worked out a deal and brought on David Shore, creator of the Fox","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152605","text":"Monday drama in the 18–49 demographic in 8.5 years, since \"Castle\" in March 2009. Factoring live plus seven-day ratings, the pilot was watched by a total of 19.2 million viewers and set a record for DVR viewers with 7.9 million, surpassing the record of 7.67 million set by the pilot of \"Designated Survivor\" in 2016. According to \"TV Guide\" November 13–26 issue, the October 9 episode attracted 18.2 million viewers, beating out both high-rated CBS shows \"NCIS\" and \"The Big Bang Theory\" for the most viewed primetime show that week. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 60% approval","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152601","text":"video-on-demand service Videoland. In Italy the series premiered on Rai 1 on July 17, 2018 setting a record of 5.2 million total viewers from 9.30pm to 11.45pm, reaching a share of 31,7% in the third episode and entering the Top 10 of Most Watched Foreign TV Series in Italy at No.5, an event since the leaderboard never changed again after the last entry in November 14, 2007 with an episode of House. In Brazil, the series was the first international production to be released at the Rede Globo's video-on-demand service Globoplay. On August 27 the two first episodes was aired","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"5409464","text":"based on the book series by Vicki Iovine and which premiered on December 2, 2014. In 2018, Edelstein will join the cast of ABC's \"The Good Doctor\" in season two as Dr. Blaize in an recurring role. This reunites her with \"House\" creator David Shore. Edelstein plays a recurring character in The Kominsky Method, a Netflix series that debuted in November 2018. She has lent her voice to several animated programs, including \"King of the Hill\", \"American Dad!\", \"\" (as Mercy Graves, Lex Luthor's bodyguard, a role she later reprised in several episodes of \"Justice League\"), \"Legend of Korra\" (as","title":"Lisa Edelstein"},{"id":"8484596","text":"(2008). In the spring of 2009, she filmed the 2010 film \"\" in Vancouver, British Columbia, opposite her \"Turistas\" co-star Olivia Wilde. In 2010, she also starred in the season-six \"House\" episode \"Remorse\", again with Wilde, as well as the independent crime film \"Freelancers\" (2010), starring 50 Cent, Forest Whitaker, and Robert De Niro. In 2017, Garrett was cast in the role of attorney Jessica Preston in the ABC series \"The Good Doctor\", which was met with significant ratings upon its debut, becoming the most-watched show in U.S. television for 2017. Garrett is involved with the philanthropic organization buildOn, and","title":"Beau Garrett"},{"id":"17325716","text":"Awareness Campaign Headquarters and was designated as a \"Good Program\" by the Korea Communications Standards Commission. An American remake of the same name, produced by Daniel Dae Kim, debuted late September, 2017 on ABC. The story of a surgeon with autism is set in San Jose, California, airing during fall of 2017. Good Doctor (South Korean TV series) Good Doctor () is a 2013 South Korean medical drama television series starring Joo Won, Moon Chae-won, Joo Sang-wook, Kim Min-seo, Chun Ho-jin, Kwak Do-won and Ko Chang-seok. It aired on KBS2 from August 5 to October 8, 2013, on Mondays and","title":"Good Doctor (South Korean TV series)"},{"id":"20152595","text":"follows Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism and savant syndrome from the mid-size city of Casper, Wyoming, where he had a troubled childhood. He relocates to San Jose, California, to work at the prestigious San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital. In May 2014, CBS Television Studios began development on an American remake of the hit South Korean medical drama \"Good Doctor\" with Daniel Dae Kim as producer. Kim explained the appeal of adapting the series as \"something that can fit into a recognizable world, with a breadth of characters that can be explored in the long run\". The story of","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"10711653","text":"Denning. The episode was directed by his \"Remedy\" castmate Enrico Colantoni. In November he made an appearance on the channel's long-running series \"Supernatural\", in an episode of the show's thirteenth season, entitled \"The Big Empty\", playing the character of sadistic shape-shifter, Buddy. In October of the same year, Matter appeared in an episode of the first season of ABC medical drama \"The Good Doctor\". Based on the South Korean series of the same name, the drama follows the life of autistic-savant surgeon Shaun Murphy (Freddie Highmore). Matter appeared in the episode \"Pipes\", playing the role of Mark Allen, an expectant","title":"Niall Matter"},{"id":"7583509","text":"a house party to boost their social standings. He stars as the title character in the 2010 film \"Norman\", a film which follows the story of a high school senior who perpetuates a lie that he is terminally ill with cancer to gain sympathy from his peers. In 2009, Byrd began starring in the comedy series \"Cougar Town\", as the son of Courteney Cox's character. 2018 The good doctor. Tyler Durness. Season 2 episode 10 Awards Won: Awards Nominations: Dan Byrd Daniel Byrd (born November 20, 1985) is an American actor. His most prominent roles include the 2004 film \"A","title":"Dan Byrd"},{"id":"18075807","text":"3AD 3AD is a film and television production company established by actor/producer Daniel Dae Kim in 2013. In 2017, the company had its first production air with ABC’s \"The Good Doctor\", based on a Korean format about a surgeon living with autism. \"The Good Doctor\" was the No. 1 rated new broadcast drama in its premiere season and received a full season order on October 3rd, 2017. That same year its lead actor, Freddie Highmore, received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Dr. Shaun Murphy. 3AD signed a two year first","title":"3AD"},{"id":"4330718","text":"People's Choice Award. In 2017, Highmore began producing and starring as Dr. Shaun Murphy in the ABC drama series \"The Good Doctor\", for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. Highmore was born on 14 February 1992 in Camden Town, London, into a show business family. His mother, Sue Latimer, is a talent agent whose clients include actors Daniel Radcliffe and Imelda Staunton, and his father, Edward Highmore, is an actor. He has a younger brother named Bertie. His previous home was Highgate, North London. Highmore was educated at a primary school in Hampstead Garden","title":"Freddie Highmore"},{"id":"2169136","text":"\"Home\" on the Roger Waters album Radio KAOS In season 5, episode 2, of the Canadian Show \"Heartland\" - Jack and Tim go to visit Tim's son in Moose Jaw. The Canadian television show \"Atomic Betty\" was set in Moose Jaw. In season 1, episode 15, of the American show \"The Good Doctor\" entitled \"Heartfelt,\" the patient was documenting herself for friends said Dr. Lim was from Moose Jaw. Moose Jaw Moose Jaw is the fourth largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lying on the Moose Jaw River in the south-central part of the province, it is situated on the Trans-Canada","title":"Moose Jaw"},{"id":"20770824","text":"section of the station. This is notified through the drama official twitter account. \"Good Doctor\" received good ratings with its first airing at 11.5%, the highest rating in the last 2 years from the same timeslot on Fuji TV. The drama aired on WakuWaku Japan in Indonesia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, and Vietnam. Starting 21 July every Saturday 9.00pm(SGP), 8.00pm (JKT). Good Doctor (Japanese TV series) Minato Shindo (Kento Yamazaki) is autistic with savant syndrome. He has an amazing memory and keen spatial skills, but he finds it difficult to communicate with others. When he was a","title":"Good Doctor (Japanese TV series)"},{"id":"14639720","text":"8 episodes, without Channel 4's involvement, which was made available globally on the streaming network in November 2016 under the new name \"Lovesick\". In 2015, Thomas was featured in the music video for the Stereophonics song \"C'est La Vie\" and narrated the opening and closing lines to the reboot of the British children's television series \"Teletubbies\". She began starring as Dr. Claire Brown in the American TV show \"The Good Doctor\" in September 2017. Antonia Thomas Antonia Laura Thomas (born 3 November 1986) is an English actress. She is best known for starring as Alisha Daniels in the E4 comedy-drama","title":"Antonia Thomas"},{"id":"17325715","text":"competitive world, and the challenges Shi-on faces become only greater when he falls in love with Yoon-seo. \"Good Doctor\" made a strong debut on the TV ratings chart. It maintained the number one spot in its timeslot for most of its run, with an average viewership rating of 17.4% (TNmS) and 18.0% (AGB Nielsen). In November 2013, the Korea Association of the Welfare Institutes for the Disabled gave the series a plaque of recognition for creating awareness about autism and how socially challenged individuals can contribute to society. In December 2013, \"Good Doctor\" also received an award from the Disability","title":"Good Doctor (South Korean TV series)"},{"id":"12745343","text":"Steven DePaul Steven DePaul is an American television director and producer. He has directed multiple episodes of \"The Good Doctor\", \"The Gifted\", \"Shades of Blue\", \"NCIS-LA\", \"CSI-NY\", \"GRIMM\", \"The Unit\", \"Bones\", as well as many episodes of one-hour dramatic television (updated list IMDB). He was a longstanding producer and director on \"NYPD Blue\". In his capacity as producer of \"NYPD Blue\" he won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 1995. He was also nominated for \"NYPD Blue\" on five other occasions (in 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999). Also wonGolden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama","title":"Steven DePaul"},{"id":"18075808","text":"look deal with ITV Studios America in 2017. They were previously in a deal with CBS Studios. The company’s current personnel include Head of Development Rina Brannen, Manager of Development Johnny Chiou, and Development Coordinator Quinn Wilcox. 3AD 3AD is a film and television production company established by actor/producer Daniel Dae Kim in 2013. In 2017, the company had its first production air with ABC’s \"The Good Doctor\", based on a Korean format about a surgeon living with autism. \"The Good Doctor\" was the No. 1 rated new broadcast drama in its premiere season and received a full season order","title":"3AD"},{"id":"20152602","text":"at Globo free-to-air television network to announce the launch of the series in the streaming service. A full-length trailer was released for ABC's May 2017 Upfront presentation, which /Film's Ethan Anderton described the concept as feeling like \"\"House\" meets \"Rain Man\", that just might be enough to make it interesting\". However, he questioned \"how long can audiences be entranced by both the brilliance of [Highmore's] character's savant skills and the difficulties that come from his autism in the workplace.\" Daniel Fienberg of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" felt the trailer was \"both kinda progressive and really dated\". He added, \"Too much felt","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"20152607","text":"the pilot alone.\" He enjoyed the \"warm dynamic\" of Schiff and Highmore, while describing Thomas' character as \"our emotional 'in' to Shaun's distinct, distant world\". He noted that \"it takes a while to build up momentum\", but concluded that \"the very final scene packs quite a punch, as Dr. Murphy unwittingly puts a colleague on notice\". \"The New York Times\" television critic James Poniewozik notes in his Critic's Notebook column that, for the most part, the drama is a \"hospital melodrama with whiz-bang medical science, a dash of intra-staff romance and shameless sentimentality.\" Discussing the main characters of Dr. Aaron","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"19292298","text":"Riot\" was featured on the last episode of the second season of the TV series \"Lucifer\". On 31 May 2017, Banners began touring with band Milky Chance in the US. The single \"Shine a Light\" was featured on the 7th episode of the first season of the TV series \"The Good Doctor\", as well as being part of the soundtrack of the 2018 movie \"Love, Simon\" In April 2018, Banners appeared live on season 16 of the U.S. TV competition \"American Idol\" in two duets with \"American Idol\" contestants Ron Bultongez and Alyssa Raghu. First he sang his own \"Someone","title":"Banners (musician)"},{"id":"8484592","text":"Beau Garrett Beau Jesse Garrett (born December 28, 1982) is an American actress and model. She began her career appearing in GUESS advertisements in the late 1990s after being discovered by an Elite modeling agent at age fourteen. She made her feature film debut in the horror film \"Turistas\" (2006) before portraying Captain Raye in \"\" (2007). Garrett would later appear as a regular guest star on the television series \"\" (2011) and had a regular role on \"Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce\" from 2014 to 2018. Beginning in 2017, she portrayed Jessica Preston on the ABC series \"The Good Doctor\".","title":"Beau Garrett"},{"id":"4330729","text":"comedy-drama film \"Almost Friends\", and Nick Hamm's political comedy-drama film \"The Journey\". The following year, he began the lead role of Dr. Shaun Murphy in the ABC drama series \"The Good Doctor\", on which he also serves as a producer. In 2017, he received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series for his performance. Highmore has been cast as the voice of the Duke of Cheshire in the animated film adaptation of \"The Canterville Ghost\". He is attached to play the title character, Baby Face Nelson, in the A&E drama pilot \"Baby Face\",","title":"Freddie Highmore"},{"id":"14639718","text":"Antonia Thomas Antonia Laura Thomas (born 3 November 1986) is an English actress. She is best known for starring as Alisha Daniels in the E4 comedy-drama series \"Misfits\", Dr. Claire Browne in the ABC drama series \"The Good Doctor\" and Evie in the Channel 4/Netflix comedy series \"Lovesick\". Antonia Thomas was born on 3 November 1986 in London, the daughter of a Jamaican mother and an English father. Her father is a classical bass singer. She studied for a Bachelor of Arts in acting at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, graduating in 2009, and then joined the National Youth","title":"Antonia Thomas"},{"id":"20152608","text":"Glassman (Richard Schiff) and Dr. Shaun Murphy (Freddie Highmore), however, Poniewozik writes that \"Mr. Schiff is convincing in the role and Mr. Highmore is striking in his.\" Speaking of Freddie Highmore's Golden Globe nomination on Monday, December 11, 2017, for his role in \"The Good Doctor\", Laura Bradley, writing for \"Vanity Fair\" says: \"... Freddie Highmore received the awards recognition that has long and unjustly eluded him...\" Bradley feels that Highmore's performance has been \"the central key\" to the show's enormous success and while the show had lukewarm reviews, most critics have praised Highmore's work. The Good Doctor (TV series)","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"2669917","text":"Wendy Crewson Wendy Jane Crewson (born May 9, 1956) is a Canadian actress and producer. She began her career appearing on Canadian television, before her breakthrough role in 1991 dramatic film \"The Doctor\". Crewson has appeared in many Hollywood films, including \"The Good Son\" (1993), \"The Santa Clause\" (1994) and its sequels \"The Santa Clause 2\" (2002) and \"\" (2006), as well as \"Air Force One\" (1997), \"Bicentennial Man\" (1999), \"What Lies Beneath\" (2000), \"The 6th Day\" (2000), and \"Eight Below\" (2006). She also starred in a number of independent movies, such as \"Better Than Chocolate\" (1999), \"Suddenly Naked\" (2001),","title":"Wendy Crewson"},{"id":"17325713","text":"Good Doctor (South Korean TV series) Good Doctor () is a 2013 South Korean medical drama television series starring Joo Won, Moon Chae-won, Joo Sang-wook, Kim Min-seo, Chun Ho-jin, Kwak Do-won and Ko Chang-seok. It aired on KBS2 from August 5 to October 8, 2013, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.The early working title was \"Green Scalpel\" (; lit. \"Green Mes\"). =Synopsis= Park Shi-on (Joo Won) is an autistic savant who was sent to a specialized care center as a child, where he was discovered to have a genius-level memory and keen spatial skills. He eventually enters","title":"Good Doctor (South Korean TV series)"},{"id":"20906294","text":"\"The Good Doctor\" as Lea Dilallo, the love-interest to Freddie Highmore's Shaun Murphy. Spara was promoted to the main cast for the show's second season. Before landing her first television role of Audrey Piatigorsky on \"Kevin from Work\", she appeared in commercials for Forevermark Jewelry, Sally Hansen nails, and Volkswagen Golf. Recently, Spara has been working on a podcast entitled \"The Inbetween.\" Paige Spara Paige Spara (born August 8, 1989) is an American actress best known for her main roles as Audrey Piatigorsky in the ABC Family sitcom \"Kevin from Work\" and Lea Dilallo in the ABC medical drama \"The","title":"Paige Spara"},{"id":"3938510","text":"of Siam in Rodgers & Hammerstein's \"The King and I\" from May 3 - June 26, 2016, at the Lincoln Center Theatre in New York. As the founder of the film and television production company 3AD, Kim in January 2014 signed a first-look development deal with CBS Television Studios, the first of its kind with an Asian-American actor. 3AD is currently producing the television series \"The Good Doctor\", based on the 2013 South Korean series of the same name. Though Kim continues to split his time between Los Angeles and New York, he spends the majority of his year in","title":"Daniel Dae Kim"},{"id":"4051429","text":"Richard Schiff Richard Schiff (born May 27, 1955) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Toby Ziegler on \"The West Wing\", a role for which he received an Emmy Award. Schiff made his directorial debut with \"The West Wing\", directing an episode entitled \"Talking Points\". He is on the National Advisory Board of the Council for a Livable World. He currently has a recurring role on the HBO series \"Ballers\". Since September 2017, he has had a leading role in ABC's medical drama \"The Good Doctor\", as Dr. Glassman, president of a fictional teaching hospital","title":"Richard Schiff"},{"id":"17898151","text":"at the end of Series 1 that the show would return for a second series, with both Suranne Jones and Bertie Carvel. At the 21st National Television Awards Jones announced that the new series began filming in September 2016. The second series started on 5 September 2017 and concluded on 3 October 2017. The BBC is yet to confirm whether the show will return for a third series although writer Mike Bartlett does not dismiss the possibility. In general, the show has received acclaim. The opening episode received generally positive reviews from critics, with Lucy Mangan from the \"Guardian\" calling","title":"Doctor Foster (TV series)"},{"id":"20906291","text":"Paige Spara Paige Spara (born August 8, 1989) is an American actress best known for her main roles as Audrey Piatigorsky in the ABC Family sitcom \"Kevin from Work\" and Lea Dilallo in the ABC medical drama \"The Good Doctor\". Spara was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Kevin's Hair Salon owner Kevin and dentist Kim Spara. She is the middle child with an older sister Taylor and younger brother Jesse. She began acting at the age of 12 when she joined Kids' Theater Works. She continued acting at Washington High School where she graduated in 2008. From there,","title":"Paige Spara"},{"id":"3147573","text":"Hill Harper Francis Eugene \"Hill\" Harper (born May 17, 1966) is an American actor and author. He is known for his roles on \"\", \"Limitless\", and \"The Good Doctor\". Harper was born in Iowa City, Iowa, the son of Harry D. Harper, II, a psychiatrist, and Marilyn Harper (née Hill), who was one of the first black practicing anesthesiologists in the United States, and, co-authored a book called \"Wearing Purple\". Hill Harper has been acting since the age of 7. Harper graduated from Bella Vista High School in 1984. He then graduated \"magna cum laude\" from Brown University in 1988.","title":"Hill Harper"},{"id":"20770823","text":"resident. On May 26, Fuji TV first announced they will make an adaptation of Good Doctor with Kento Yamazaki as the lead actor. Begins with a tweet three days before on the official twitter account of Good doctor 2018 that Kento will star in the new Fuji TV drama as main lead, and then a few days later the other supporting casts were announced. Special screening for episode 1 was held on July 8, 2018 which was attended by three main lead of the drama. The first filming began around June 17 2018, with start a shooting from the story","title":"Good Doctor (Japanese TV series)"},{"id":"12766076","text":"Wily's creations (\"The Good Doctor\"). Wily convinces Light that they have come too far to back out now, and Light hesitantly flips the switch to activate the machines. As the machines come to life, Light leaves his and Wily's workshop, plagued by his doubts towards both the future of the city and his partner's intentions, and heads to his home to meet with his lover, Emily Stanton; however, Wily arrives there first, along with one of the robots. After Emily refuses Wily's offer to come away with him (\"Father of Death\"), Wily orders the robot to kill her. Light arrives","title":"Act II: The Father of Death"},{"id":"18145214","text":"website, the NBC mobile app, and Hulu for a four-week period. The episodes are also televised in their normal weekly timeslot. In Australia, the series premiered on May 29, 2015 on streaming service Presto, with all 13 episodes being released for 28 days. Its later television debut on the Seven Network (which co-owns Presto) aired on August 26, 2015. Season 2 aired on the same day as the U.S., on Presto in Australia. Metacritic gives season 1 of \"Aquarius\" a score of 58/100 based on reviews from 36 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Glenn Garvin of \"Reason\" praised the","title":"Aquarius (U.S. TV series)"},{"id":"20905241","text":"new novels were announced, one featuring Ryan Sinclair. They are titled \"The Good Doctor\", \"Molten Heart\" and \"Combat Magicks\", with Ryan appearing primarily in \"Molten Heart\". On 22 October 2017, it was announced that Cole had been cast as a companion in the eleventh series of \"Doctor Who\", and would appear alongside Jodie Whittaker in 2018. Ryan Sinclair Ryan Sinclair is a fictional character created by Chris Chibnall and portrayed by Tosin Cole in the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". In the show's eleventh series, starting with the first episode, Ryan serves as a companion of the","title":"Ryan Sinclair"},{"id":"4159622","text":"Church, New York City, from February 1998 through March 1, 1998, with Andre De Shields, Jane Connell, and Gordon Connell. A television movie was made based on the play, with Edward Asner, Richard Chamberlain, and Marsha Mason. It premiered on U.S. Public Television on November 8, 1978. \"The New York Times\" reviewer wrote: \"Mr. Simon also includes a special piece for his wife, Marsha Mason, in which the appealing actress gets to play each of \"The Three Sisters\"...A press release notes that it is difficult to tell where Chekov stops and Simon begins. That's part of the problem... The result","title":"The Good Doctor (play)"},{"id":"9171741","text":"three episodes of the series. In 2014, he guest starred on the CBS drama series \"Person of Interest\" in the episode \"Most Likely to...\", and on the CBS political drama series \"The Good Wife\" in the episode \"The Deep Web\". That same year, he began recurring as Raymond Navaro in NBC's espionage thriller series \"State of Affairs\". In 2017, Carbonell directed the episode \"Apple\" of the ABC drama series \"The Good Doctor\", starring his \"Bates Motel\" co-star Highmore. Carbonell has been married to Australian actress Shannon Kenny since January 3, 2001. They originally met while working together on the 1995","title":"Nestor Carbonell"},{"id":"6485433","text":"David Shore David Shore (born July 3, 1959) is a Canadian television writer. Shore worked on \"Family Law\", \"NYPD Blue\" and \"Due South\", also producing many episodes of the latter. He created the critically acclaimed series \"House\" and more recently, \"Battle Creek\", \"Sneaky Pete\" and \"The Good Doctor\". Shore was born in London, Ontario, to Jewish parents. His younger twin brothers, Ephraim and Raphael, are Aish HaTorah rabbis. David is the only member of his family involved in television, although his younger brother Raphael Shore made three political documentaries about the Middle East conflict. After graduating from A.B. Lucas Secondary","title":"David Shore"},{"id":"10409773","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Dallas Desperados season"},{"id":"20152606","text":"rating with an average rating of 5.62/10 based on 40 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"The Good Doctor\"s heavy-handed bedside manner undermines a solid lead performance, but under all the emotionally manipulative gimmickry, there's still plenty of room to improve.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 53 out of 100 based on 15 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Giving his first impression of the series' pilot for TVLine, Matt Webb Mitovich stated, \"\"The Good Doctor\" boasts great DNA... [and] has the potential to be a refreshingly thought-provoking hospital drama, based on the buttons pushed in","title":"The Good Doctor (TV series)"},{"id":"19125144","text":"through November 12. The second chapter began streaming in January 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel Space before being streamed on Crave; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z. Subsequent episodes will be released through Space, Z, and Crave, with Space airing each episode 30 minutes before it's streamed on All Access. In the other countries, Netflix will","title":"Star Trek: Discovery"},{"id":"4159620","text":"The Good Doctor (play) The Good Doctor is a comedy with music written by Neil Simon. It consists in a series of short plays, based on short stories and other works of Russian writer Anton Chekhov, framed by a writer making comments on them. \"The Good Doctor\" opened on Broadway at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on November 27, 1973, and closed on May 25, 1974, after 208 performances and eight previews. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by A.J. Antoon, it starred René Auberjonois, Barnard Hughes, Marsha Mason, Christopher Plummer, and Frances Sternhagen. Frances Sternhagen won the Tony Award, Best","title":"The Good Doctor (play)"},{"id":"20318973","text":"it moved to CTV for its fourth and final season, consisting of eight episodes. The first season originally aired from January 29 to April 2, 2014, while the second season aired from January 19 to March 23, 2015. A third season premiered on June 20, 2016, concluding on August 22, and the fourth season premiered on July 31, 2017, and concluded on September 18. In the United States, the series airs on the streaming service Acorn TV, with the first season premiering on January 18, 2016, the second on May 16, the third on October 24, and the fourth on","title":"19-2 (2014 TV series)"},{"id":"16169032","text":"award and Popularity award at the 2012 KBS Drama Awards. The same year, he starred opposite Park Bo-young in the horror thriller \"Don't Click\", and joined the second season of the popular variety program \"2 Days & 1 Night\". In 2013, Joo starred in MBC's drama \"7th Grade Civil Servant\", based on the action-romance movie \"My Girlfriend Is an Agent\". The same year, Joo was offered his most challenging role; an autistic savant who becomes a genius pediatric surgeon for KBS's medical drama \"Good Doctor\". After four years of absence from the musical scene, Joo returned to the musical stage","title":"Joo Won"},{"id":"10411020","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Nashville Kats season"},{"id":"12745346","text":"for 11 years, during which he directed multiple episodes. In 2004, he left \"NYPD Blue\" and became a freelance director, the position he currently holds. He has travelled extensively on six continents. https://web.archive.org/web/20100610161232/http://www.peabody.uga.edu/winners/winners_book.php http://articles.latimes.com/1995-07-21/entertainment/ca-26201_1_emmy-award-nominations Steven DePaul Steven DePaul is an American television director and producer. He has directed multiple episodes of \"The Good Doctor\", \"The Gifted\", \"Shades of Blue\", \"NCIS-LA\", \"CSI-NY\", \"GRIMM\", \"The Unit\", \"Bones\", as well as many episodes of one-hour dramatic television (updated list IMDB). He was a longstanding producer and director on \"NYPD Blue\". In his capacity as producer of \"NYPD Blue\" he won the Emmy Award","title":"Steven DePaul"},{"id":"18581479","text":"September 1974–April 1975 September 1975–April 1976 September 1976–April 1977 September 1977–April 1978 September 1978–April 1979 September 1979–April 1980 September 1980–April 1981 September 1981–April 1982 September 1982–April 1983 September 1983–April 1984 September 1984–April 1985 September 1985–April 1986 September 1986–April 1987 September 1987–April 1988 October 1988–April 1989 September 1989–April 1990 September 1990–April 1991 September 1991–April 1992 September 1992–April 1993 September 1993–April 1994 September 1994–April 1995 September 1995–May 1996 September 1996–May 1997 September 1997–May 1998 September 1998–May 1999 September 1999–May 2000 September 2000–May 2001 September 2001–May 2002 September 2002–May 2003 September 2003–May 2004 September 2004–May 2005 September 2005–May 2006 September 2006–May 2007 September","title":"Top-rated United States television programs by season"},{"id":"4254173","text":"in 2017 began starring in the ABC medical drama \"The Good Doctor\". Tomita was born in Okinawa, the daughter of Shiro and Asako Tomita. Her father was a Japanese-American who was interned at Manzanar, California, during part of World War II, then later became a Los Angeles police officer, rising to the rank of sergeant and helping to form the first Asian Task force in that Department. Her father died of cancer in 1990. Tomita graduated from Granada Hills High School in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. Before becoming an actress, Tomita won the title of Queen at","title":"Tamlyn Tomita"},{"id":"16736792","text":"finale to properly conclude the series, to air on December 20, 2018. Season 1 aired on NBC in the U.S. and on Global in Canada on Monday nights at 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific (9 p.m. Central). Season 2 aired on NBC and Global on Sunday nights at 10 p.m. EST/PST. (9 p.m. CST). Episodes can also be streamed online through NBC and Global's respective websites, as well as on Netflix in some countries. Episodes can also be streamed on Hulu in the United States. Starting from December 14, 2016, it aired in the UK on E4 every Wednesday at","title":"Timeless (TV series)"},{"id":"19539167","text":"1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.","title":"Ejen Ali"},{"id":"4159621","text":"Featured Actress in a Play, and it received four additional Tony Award nominations: Best Original Score (Peter Link), Best Featured Actor in a Play (René Auberjonois), and Best Lighting Design (Tharon Musser). Clive Barnes wrote in \"The New York Times\" that \"There is much fun here-or at least here and there. It is, however, too anecdotal, with most stories closing with the dramatic ring of a punch-line. Mr. Simon's comic fancy is admirable.\" Simon met his second wife, Marsha Mason during auditions for this play. A revival was produced by The Melting Pot Theater, at the Theater of the Riverside","title":"The Good Doctor (play)"},{"id":"10409878","text":"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th","title":"2007 New York Dragons season"},{"id":"20215509","text":"the most controversial issues of the day. I watch a lot of them. God bless 'em all. But the show I want to produce is playful, family-friendly, and a celebration of old-fashioned puzzle-solving.\" Music for the series was composed by Pat Irwin. On November 13, 2018, it was announced that the series is canceled after one season. In episode 6, \"Did the TV Star Do It?,\" the murder victim is identified as \"Beth Landau\". The character is named after series creator Andy Breckman's wife. Breckman had previously named a murder victim after his wife (then-fiancée) in season 2, episode 1","title":"The Good Cop"},{"id":"3147578","text":"the time of its 1971 prison riot and tells of the lives of its prisoners using poetic prose. From May 1, 2018, to June 17, 2018, Harper starred as \"Rooftop\" in the Off-Broadway play \"Our Lady of 121st Street\". This Dark Comedy (written by Stephen Adly Guirgis and directed by Phylicia Rashad) is about former students paying their respects to Sister Rose, only to find that Sister Rose’s body has been stolen. Since 2017, Harper has portrayed Dr. Marcus Andrews on the ABC series \"The Good Doctor\". Hill Harper's acting career also includes voice-over work (or voice acting) with \"Breathe","title":"Hill Harper"},{"id":"4254177","text":"\"Seven Days\", \"Quantum Leap\", \"Living Single\", \"Murder, She Wrote\", \"Chicago Hope\", \"Will & Grace\", \"Nash Bridges\", \"The Shield\", \"Strong Medicine\", \"Stargate SG-1\", \"\", \"The Mentalist\", \"Private Practice\", \"True Blood\",\" Zoo, Tour of Duty,\" and many other dramas and comedies. She had recurring roles on \"Crossing Jordan\", \"JAG\", \"24\", \"Eureka\", \"Heroes\", \"\", \"Glee\", \"Teen Wolf\", \"Resurrection\", \"How to Get Away with Murder\", and \"Chasing Life\". In 2016, Tomita played a series regular role on the Epix drama series \"Berlin Station\". The following year she began starring as a series regular on the ABC medical drama \"The Good Doctor\". Tamlyn Tomita Tamlyn","title":"Tamlyn Tomita"},{"id":"10409701","text":"3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:","title":"2007 Orlando Predators season"},{"id":"4538321","text":"Jonathan coach their football team. A couple of years later, Landon cast Olsen as the eponymous \"Father Murphy\", which lasted for two seasons. In the \"Highway to Heaven\" episode 2.12 (\"The Good Doctor\"), the main character, Alex, tells Mark Gordon (Victor French) that \"All I could see was the flowers and the beard. I thought you were Merlin Olsen.\" This is an inside joke since all three actors, Merlin Olsen, Michael Landon, and Victor French were in the TV series \"Little House On the Prairie\" earlier in their careers. Olsen's last acting work was in the short-lived 1988 TV series","title":"Merlin Olsen"},{"id":"15681791","text":"September 2012 on BBC America in the United States, and on Space in Canada. Within minutes of the first episode's UK ending, it was released onto the ABC iview service at 5:10am on 2 September 2012. It premiered 8 September 2012 on ABC1 in Australia, and on 13 September 2012 in New Zealand on Prime TV. \"The Snowmen\" aired on 25 December 2012 on BBC America in the US, and the same date on and Space in Canada. It aired the next day on ABC in Australia, and Prime in New Zealand. The first episode of the second half of","title":"Doctor Who (series 7)"},{"id":"10966617","text":"6, 2012. \"Victorious\" has aired worldwide on Nickelodeon. Season 1 premiered on April 5, 2010, in Canada, on September 3, 2010, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, on September 14, 2010, in Australia and New Zealand, on October 1, 2010, in Southeast Asia, on March 27, 2011, in Pakistan and on January 23, 2013, in India. Season 2 premiered on October 7, 2011, in Canada, on October 17, 2011, in the UK and Ireland, on October 31, 2011, in Southeast Asia, in December 2011 in Australia and New Zealand, and on March 25, 2013, in India. Season 3 premiered in","title":"Victorious"},{"id":"19683197","text":"an episode. The two had previously co-starred in \"A Million Ways to Die in the West\". \"The Orville\" episode 5, titled \"Pria\", is the one in which Theron guest-starred. On February 12, 2018, Jessica Szohr was cast as a regular for season two. On February 21, Chris Johnson was cast in a recurring role. On August 24, 2016, Jon Favreau signed on to direct the pilot. Production on the pilot episode began in late 2016, and the rest of the episodes began filming on March 27, 2017. Production wrapped on August 23, 2017. \"Star Trek\" veterans Jonathan Frakes and Robert","title":"The Orville"},{"id":"19700208","text":"August 2016, the short was again made available to stream until 31 March 2017. The first episode of the two-part special premiered on NHK's BS Premium channel on 18 February 2017, and the second episode aired on 25 February 2017. Each episode is 45 minutes long. The special aired dubbed on NHK World with the first episode airing on 17 March 2017 and the second episode airing the next day. Sentai Filmworks has licensed the special for home video distribution in North America. Reviewing the first two seasons of Animator Expo for Anime News Network, Kevin Cirugeda recommended the short","title":"The Dragon Dentist"},{"id":"12663147","text":"by The Moving Picture Company. The commercial was a popular, financial, and critical success, boosting sales during the period in which it ran, and receiving more awards than any other campaign in 2002, including a Cannes Gold Lion, an Epica Award and several prizes from the D&AD Awards. \"Good Doctor\" opens in a field in 19th century rural France, where a doctor confirms that one of the field hands is dying of cholera. The other workers flee, leaving the doctor to burn the remains. Later, he is called from his hospital to help another woman, who had collapsed in the","title":"Good Doctor (advertisement)"},{"id":"16538302","text":"15, 2012, on smartphone channel NOTTV. It also aired on cable channel KNTV from March 9 to May 28, 2013. It aired in Malaysia on ONE TV ASIA, followed by 8TV in Mandarin and later NTV7 under the title: The Great Doctor. It began airing in Vietnam on October 15, 2014, on VTV3 In the Philippines, it is currently available on ABS-CBNmobile's iWanTV! app since October 20, 2014 during the Lee Min-ho Festival. The series was originally supposed to air on TV in 2013, but was later cancelled. However, due to the request of the fans, it eventually premiered on","title":"Faith (2012 TV series)"},{"id":"3616062","text":"Nicholas Gonzalez Nicholas Edward Gonzalez (born January 3, 1976) is an American actor, best known for playing Alex Santiago in the television series \"Resurrection Blvd.\" He currently portrays Dr. Neil Melendez on ABC's \"The Good Doctor\". Gonzalez was born in San Antonio, Texas, where he was a student at Central Catholic High School. He became an accomplished cross-country and track runner, winning the Texas State Championship in the mile and two mile. After graduating in 1994 and turning down a presidential appointment to West Point, Nicholas pursued an English degree at Stanford University in California. His interest and love of","title":"Nicholas Gonzalez"},{"id":"3616069","text":"Nicholas Gonzalez Nicholas Edward Gonzalez (born January 3, 1976) is an American actor, best known for playing Alex Santiago in the television series \"Resurrection Blvd.\" He currently portrays Dr. Neil Melendez on ABC's \"The Good Doctor\". Gonzalez was born in San Antonio, Texas, where he was a student at Central Catholic High School. He became an accomplished cross-country and track runner, winning the Texas State Championship in the mile and two mile. After graduating in 1994 and turning down a presidential appointment to West Point, Nicholas pursued an English degree at Stanford University in California. His interest and love of","title":"Nicholas Gonzalez"},{"id":"6272104","text":"recurring during the series' fifth season before being upgraded to a series regular during the sixth season. From 2009-16, Czuchry portrayed lawyer Cary Agos on the CBS drama \"The Good Wife\". He also reprised his role as Logan Huntzberger on Netflix's reunion miniseries, \"\" (2016). Czuchry currently stars in Fox's medical drama series \"The Resident\", which premiered on January 21, 2018. He plays the titular character, Dr. Conrad Hawkins. The series was renewed for a second season on May 7, 2018. He appeared in the movies \"Eight Legged Freaks\" and \"Slap Her... She's French\". Czuchry played the lead role in","title":"Matt Czuchry"},{"id":"5787150","text":"\"The Good Doctor\" as Glenn, a 72 year old man with a failing heart who breaks his pacemaker because he wants to die due to the constant pain he is suffering. Dooley co-wrote the play, \"Assisted Living,\" with his wife Winnie Holzman. It was their first theatrical collaboration. The play premiered on April 5, 2013. Dooley has been married to Winnie Holzman since November 18, 1984. They first met at an improv acting class in New York but were both in relationships with other people at the time. The couple have a daughter named Savannah and live in Toluca Lake","title":"Paul Dooley"},{"id":"15687780","text":"plus a little magic and a little luck. And that’s what I feel like we had with this scene. It's so funny and so bittersweet and so, so sad.\" \"Good Mourning\" was originally broadcast on September 24, 2009, on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. It was viewed by a total of 17.04 million people, in its 9:00 Eastern time-slot. The episode was the series' second least-viewed season premiere, up to that point, just ahead of the season one premiere—\"A Hard Day's Night\". In comparison to the previous episode, \"Good Mourning\" made a 0.08% decrease in terms","title":"Good Mourning (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"20841684","text":"episode, ranging from five days until broadcast to when the episode began airing. At time of the episode's initial announcement, it was stated that the episode would air in August 2018. On 24 July 2018, it was confirmed that the episode would air on 11 August. The episode premiered on BBC One at 21:10 and was available to watch on BBC iPlayer for thirty days after its broadcast. Official ratings from the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board showed that 5.51 million people had watched the episode on BBC One and BBC iPlayer within 7 days of the original broadcast. Within 28","title":"Episode 1094"},{"id":"20215506","text":"The Good Cop The Good Cop is an American television comedy-drama murder-mystery created by Andy Breckman. The first season consists of ten episodes. The series premiered on Netflix on September 21, 2018. The program is based on an Israeli show of the same name created by Erez and Tomer Aviram and produced by Yoav Gross. On November 13, 2018, Netflix canceled the series after one season. Netflix announced the new series in June 2017. The show stars Tony Danza as \"a disgraced, former NYPD officer who never followed the rules\", and Josh Groban as his son, Tony Jr., \"an earnest,","title":"The Good Cop"},{"id":"19387443","text":"point onwards (at Lynch's insistence). Overall, the series consists of 18 episodes. It concluded on September 3, 2017, with a two-part finale. In the United Kingdom, Sky Atlantic simulcast the first two episodes beginning at 2:00 am British Summer Time on May 22, 2017, and the next two episodes were released on Sky UK's on-demand service after the premiere. In the Nordic countries, the series is broadcast on HBO Nordic, with the two-hour premiere airing on May 22, and subsequent episodes being made available the day after its U.S. airing. In Canada, the series is available on CraveTV and The","title":"Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)"},{"id":"20223894","text":"Good Bones (TV series) Good Bones is an American reality television series airing on HGTV starring Karen E. Laine and Mina Starsiak Hawk, based in Indianapolis, Indiana. The show's pilot aired on March 22, 2016. The second season premiered on May 30, 2017. Prior to \"Good Bones\", Karen was a defense attorney, and her daughter Mina was a waitress. After flipping a few houses in the Fountain Square neighborhood of Indianapolis, the two decided to open a home rehab business in 2008, called Two Chicks and a Hammer, Inc. Mina, now a real estate agent, and Karen often incorporate green","title":"Good Bones (TV series)"},{"id":"16538303","text":"December 8, 2014, on ABS-CBN. The series ended on the said network last January 30, 2015. It begain airing in Thailand on Workpoint TV beginning September 29, 2014. It began airing in Iran on January 17, 2015, on IRIB Namayesh TV network. It is currently available in the United States on the Hulu Viki.com and DramaFever services. Faith (2012 TV series) Faith (; also known as The Great Doctor) is a 2012 South Korean television drama broadcast by SBS from August 13, 2012, to October 30, 2012, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 24 episodes. It is about a","title":"Faith (2012 TV series)"},{"id":"17085085","text":"season on July 25, 2014, which began airing on March 13, 2015. It was renewed in July 2015 for a third season, and in March 2016 the second and third seasons were split in two, making a total of five seasons. The series premiered in the United States on November 4, 2013, on Cartoon Network with two episodes. In Canada, it began airing on Cartoon Network on November 11, 2013, and on Teletoon on April 24, 2014. It began airing on Cartoon Network channels in Australia on February 3, 2014, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on May 12","title":"Steven Universe"},{"id":"19423207","text":"In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings. The series aired in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia through Sony's Pay-TV channel ONE TV Asia on Tuesdays and Wednesdays at 20:10 (SST|MYT|WITA), 19:10 (WIB) within 24 hours of its first telecast in South Korea. It is also available for streaming in Singapore on Viu with English subtitles. In Thailand, it aired on Channel 8 (in the network RS Promotion), on Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 starting on July 4, 2016. In the United States, the drama aired in the Los Angeles","title":"The Doctors (2016 TV series)"},{"id":"7846372","text":"10 p.m. ET. A Canadian French-dubbed version of season one also airs on TVA, Thursdays at 9:00 p.m. and two episodes of season two on Mystère (addikTV), Mondays at 8:00 p.m. The first season aired in Australia on the Seven Network Wednesday nights at 8:30 p.m. The series debuted strongly, attracting more than 2 million viewers in five of the capital cities. To keep viewer numbers high the Seven Network began showing the second season on Thursday nights at 9:30 p.m. across all areas, a week after the US screening. The third season began airing on October 9, 2008, and","title":"Heroes (U.S. TV series)"},{"id":"20150750","text":"filming also took place in Conyers, Georgia, on a production set previously used for Fox's \"Sleepy Hollow\". Filming for the first production block took place between March 20 and April 5, 2017. Filming for the second season began in July 2018. In the United States, new episodes are broadcast by Fox. Internationally, the series is shown on Seven Network in Australia, City (season 1) and CTV (season 2) in Canada, and on Universal TV in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In Latin America, the series is broadcast by Fox's Latin America counterpart. Episodes can be watched next day on the","title":"The Resident (TV series)"},{"id":"10416126","text":"Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:","title":"2007 Utah Blaze season"},{"id":"17339338","text":"it achieved the highest ever audience figures for the channel, beating the previous record set just over month beforehand with \"The Day of the Doctor\". It was also seen in Canada on Space. In Australia it aired on 26 December on ABC1, and in New Zealand, it screened on Prime Television during Boxing Day evening with 106,390 viewers. It received an Appreciation Index of 83 in the UK. \"The Time of the Doctor\" received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the episode an approval rating of 87%, based on 15 critics, and an average score of 8.16/10. The website's","title":"The Time of the Doctor"},{"id":"3004013","text":"the 1970s all-girl rock band of the same name. Keough portrayed the role of Marie Currie, the sister to Cherie Currie, the band's lead singer, portrayed by Dakota Fanning. The film also starred Kristen Stewart and Tatum O'Neal and premiered in 2010 at the Sundance Film Festival to favorable reviews. In April 2011, Keough starred as the female lead in the drama \"The Good Doctor\" alongside Orlando Bloom and Taraji P. Henson. Keough portrayed Diane Nixon, a young patient with a kidney infection who's kept ill in order to make her doctor gain the respect he craves. The film received","title":"Riley Keough"},{"id":"10256069","text":"Canada authorities revoked his citizenship and ordered his deportation. Being a permanent resident of South Africa, he was returned there in July 2004. He moved to Durban to live with his mother. His case was depicted in a 2003 true crime series, (\"The Good Doctor\") on CBC, and in Canadian film, \"I Accuse\". It was also featured in an episode of \"Forensic Files\" ('Bad Blood') on Court TV, now TruTV. The case also inspired works of fiction, including \"Serendipity\", a fifth season episode of \"\", and the first episode of the 2009 Japanese drama \"Kiina\". The case was featured on","title":"John Schneeberger"},{"id":"3616067","text":"completed production of \"\", which opened in theaters August 27, 2004. Gonzalez also appeared in \"Melrose Place\" (2009). In 2011, he played Mateo on the ABC show \"Off The Map\". Gonzalez costarred in the Lifetime series \"Witches of East End\". Gonzalez also appeared as Detective Marco Furey in Freeform's series \"Pretty Little Liars\" as a recurring guest from 2016 until 2017. Gonzalez also provided the physical Performance (motion capture) of Nick Mendoza in the video game \"\". Gonzalez currently appears as the role of Dr. Neil Melendez in \"The Good Doctor\". Gonzalez enjoys playing golf, video games, poker (finished 2nd","title":"Nicholas Gonzalez"},{"id":"4241537","text":"Thursday nights on FOX. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2001-02: 2002–03 United States network television schedule This was the United States broadcast television schedule on all six commercial television networks for the fall season beginning in September 2002. All times are Eastern and Pacific, with certain exceptions, such as \"Monday Night Football\". New series are highlighted in bold.","title":"2002–03 United States network television schedule"},{"id":"15139871","text":"briefly on NBC in 2008. She was also a guest star on \"Heroes\" in 2009. Mann appeared in the season two winter premiere of \"Suits\" on the USA Network. Mann was originally cast in the role of Stephanie for the USA pilot \"Paging Dr. Freed\", but did not appear in the final version because the network envisioned a different type for the character. Mann currently lives in Los Angeles with her daughter Nikita and her husband Purvesh Mankad, who works in finance. Aarti Mann Aarti Majumdar (born March 3, 1978), better known by her stage name Aarti Mann, is an","title":"Aarti Mann"},{"id":"15310964","text":"Chris D'Elia Christopher D'Elia (born March 29, 1980) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer and podcast host. He is known for playing Alex Miller on the NBC sitcom \"Whitney\"; Danny Burton on the sitcom \"Undateable\", also on NBC; and Kenny on \"The Good Doctor\" on ABC. D'Elia was born in New Jersey, the son of TV producer and director Bill D'Elia, and interior decorator Ellie D'Elia (née Dombroski). He has a younger brother, filmmaker/actor Matt D'Elia. His father is first generation Italian-American. He was raised in Montclair, New Jersey until age twelve, when his family relocated to Los Angeles,","title":"Chris D'Elia"},{"id":"13284521","text":"Who an exciting prospect.\" The episodes were first shown in the United States on 26 December 2009 and 2 January 2010, on BBC America. The broadcast of part two on 2 January helped BBC America to earn its highest ever primetime rating. The two episodes also reached the top two positions on the US iTunes Store, where they were available to purchase for download by American users. Both episodes were first shown in Canada back-to-back on 2 January 2010, on Space. Prime Television New Zealand broadcast Part 1 on 7 February 2010 and Part 2 on 14 February 2010. The","title":"The End of Time (Doctor Who)"},{"id":"19377323","text":"20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \"Kim Possible\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014","title":"Big Hero 6: The Series"},{"id":"15448611","text":"23 April; following \"A Christmas Carol\", this is the first full series to air on the same day in the US as the UK. However, \"The Almost People\" and \"A Good Man Goes to War\" were delayed by one week due to expected low numbers of TV viewers during the Memorial Day weekend. Space aired the premiere on 23 April for Canadian viewers, and \"The Impossible Astronaut\" was broadcast in Australia on ABC1 on 30 April. The series started screening in New Zealand on Prime on 19 May 2011. The second half of the series, beginning with \"Let's Kill Hitler\",","title":"Doctor Who (series 6)"},{"id":"18778093","text":"on November 24, 2016. The remaining 10 episodes of the third season aired from January 21, 2017 to February 18, 2017. Four special episodes aired from June 26, 2017 to June 29, 2017, marking the end of the series. There is an English-language version of the series being broadcast in Middle Eastern regions, Nordic countries, Hungary and Czech Republic, and South Africa. In South Africa, Season 1 first aired from March 3, 2016 to May 26, 2016; Season 2 from July 7, 2016 to November 3, 2016; Season 3 Part 1 from April 3, 2017 to April 14, 2017; and","title":"Alex & Co."},{"id":"7804640","text":"series, which is scheduled to span over six seasons, depicts the relationship between Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh from 1947 to the present. In 2017, Victoria reprised her role as Anna in Series 2 of the BBC1 Drama, Doctor Foster, and featured in episodes 1-4 of Series 2, the character had moved away by the final episode. Works cited Victoria Hamilton Victoria Hamilton (born 5 April 1971) is an English actress. After training at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, Hamilton began her career in classical theatre, appearing in productions with the Royal Shakespeare","title":"Victoria Hamilton"},{"id":"16793555","text":"2016 on TVNZ's TV2. In Japan, Disney Channel streamed the episode \"Stormy Weather\" through its mobile application on 1 July 2018, before the official premiere on 23 July in the same year. The second season premiere is scheduled for a global launch around September–November 2017 in Europe, At a panel at San Diego Comic-Con 2017, it was announced that the second season would have its North American release on Netflix in December 2017, with 13 episodes to be released. KidsClick will start airing season 2 of this show in the US starting 30 August 2018, marking the first time that","title":"Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"20152594\",\n \"text\": \"at ABC after a previous attempted series did not move forward at CBS Television Studios in 2015; \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" was ordered to series in May 2017. On October 3, 2017, ABC picked up the series for a full season of 18 episodes. The series is primarily filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia. The series debuted on September 25, 2017. \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" has received mixed to positive reviews from critics, with particular praise given to Highmore's performance, and strong television ratings. In March 2018, ABC renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 24, 2018. The series\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152599\",\n \"text\": \"the first as Alex, Morgan, Audrey, and Lea, respectively. In addition, it was announced that Chuku Modu would not return for the second season. In September 19, 2018, it was announced that Beau Garrett had left the series ahead of the second season premiere. Production on the pilot took place from March 21 to April 6, 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Filming for the rest of the season began on July 26, 2017, and concluded on March 1, 2018. Filming for season two began on June 27, 2018, and is set to conclude on February 12, 2019. Emmy nominated Dan\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152597\",\n \"text\": \"season of 18 episodes on October 3, 2017. On March 7, 2018, ABC renewed the series for a second season. On February 17, 2017, Antonia Thomas was cast as Dr. Claire Browne, a strong-willed and talented doctor who forms a special connection with Shaun. A week later, Freddie Highmore was cast in the lead role as Dr. Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism; and Nicholas Gonzalez was cast as Dr. Neil Melendez, the boss of the surgical residents at the hospital. The next month, Chuku Modu was cast as resident Dr. Jared Kalu (originally Dr. Jared Unger); Hill Harper\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152604\",\n \"text\": \"its release, including over 22 million views on Facebook. The pilot was screened at ABC's PaleyFest event on September 9, 2017. On March 22, 2018, members of the cast as well as executive producers Shore and Kim attended the 35th annual PaleyFest LA to promote the series, along with a screening of the season finale of the first season. The series premiere earned a 2.2/9 rating in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic, with 11.22 million total viewers, making it the most watched Monday drama debut on ABC in 21 years, since \\\"Dangerous Minds\\\" in September 1996, and the highest rated\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152600\",\n \"text\": \"Romer serves as the primary composer for the series. He won an ASCAP Screen Music Awards for his work on the show. \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" began airing on September 25, 2017, on ABC in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. Sky Witness acquired the broadcast rights for the United Kingdom and Ireland. Seven Network airs the series in Australia. Wowow, the largest Japanese private satellite and pay-per-view television network in Japan acquired the rights to broadcast the series beginning in April 2018. In the Netherlands, the series began airing on January 29, 2018, on RTL 4 and on\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152596\",\n \"text\": \"a pediatric surgeon with autism was to be set in Boston and projected to air in August 2015. However, CBS did not pick up the project and it moved to Sony Pictures Television, with a put pilot commitment from ABC in October 2016. The series is developed by David Shore, who is executive producing alongside Kim, Sebastian Lee, and David Kim. ABC officially ordered the series to pilot in January 2017. On May 11, 2017, ABC ordered the show to series as a co-production with Sony Pictures Television and ABC Studios, and it was officially picked up for a full\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152593\",\n \"text\": \"hit medical drama, \\\"House\\\", to develop the series. The show is produced by Sony Pictures Television and ABC Studios, in association with production companies Shore Z Productions, 3AD, and Entermedia. David Shore serves as showrunner and Daniel Dae Kim is an executive producer for the show. The series stars Freddie Highmore as Shaun Murphy, a young savant surgical resident at San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital who lives with the challenges of autism. Antonia Thomas, Nicholas Gonzalez, Beau Garrett, Hill Harper, Richard Schiff, Will Yun Lee and Tamlyn Tomita also star in the show. The series received a put pilot commitment\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152598\",\n \"text\": \"as head of surgery Dr. Marcus Andrews (originally Dr. Horace Andrews); Irene Keng as resident Dr. Elle McLean; and Richard Schiff was cast as Dr. Aaron Glassman (originally Dr. Ira Glassman), the hospital president and Shaun's mentor. Schiff was shortly followed by Beau Garrett as hospital board member Jessica Preston and a friend of Dr. Glassman. In September 2017, Tamlyn Tomita was promoted to the principal cast as Allegra Aoki. In April 2018, it was revealed that Will Yun Lee, Fiona Gubelmann, Christina Chang, and Paige Spara had been promoted to series regulars for the second season, after recurring in\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152592\",\n \"text\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series) The Good Doctor is an American medical drama television series based on the 2013 award-winning South Korean series of the same name. The actor Daniel Dae Kim first noticed the series and bought the rights for his production company. He began adapting the series and in 2015 eventually shopped it to CBS, his home network. CBS decided against creating a pilot. Because Kim felt so strongly about the series, he bought back the rights from CBS. Eventually, Sony Pictures Television and Kim worked out a deal and brought on David Shore, creator of the Fox\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152605\",\n \"text\": \"Monday drama in the 18–49 demographic in 8.5 years, since \\\"Castle\\\" in March 2009. Factoring live plus seven-day ratings, the pilot was watched by a total of 19.2 million viewers and set a record for DVR viewers with 7.9 million, surpassing the record of 7.67 million set by the pilot of \\\"Designated Survivor\\\" in 2016. According to \\\"TV Guide\\\" November 13–26 issue, the October 9 episode attracted 18.2 million viewers, beating out both high-rated CBS shows \\\"NCIS\\\" and \\\"The Big Bang Theory\\\" for the most viewed primetime show that week. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 60% approval\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152601\",\n \"text\": \"video-on-demand service Videoland. In Italy the series premiered on Rai 1 on July 17, 2018 setting a record of 5.2 million total viewers from 9.30pm to 11.45pm, reaching a share of 31,7% in the third episode and entering the Top 10 of Most Watched Foreign TV Series in Italy at No.5, an event since the leaderboard never changed again after the last entry in November 14, 2007 with an episode of House. In Brazil, the series was the first international production to be released at the Rede Globo's video-on-demand service Globoplay. On August 27 the two first episodes was aired\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5409464\",\n \"text\": \"based on the book series by Vicki Iovine and which premiered on December 2, 2014. In 2018, Edelstein will join the cast of ABC's \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" in season two as Dr. Blaize in an recurring role. This reunites her with \\\"House\\\" creator David Shore. Edelstein plays a recurring character in The Kominsky Method, a Netflix series that debuted in November 2018. She has lent her voice to several animated programs, including \\\"King of the Hill\\\", \\\"American Dad!\\\", \\\"\\\" (as Mercy Graves, Lex Luthor's bodyguard, a role she later reprised in several episodes of \\\"Justice League\\\"), \\\"Legend of Korra\\\" (as\",\n \"title\": \"Lisa Edelstein\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8484596\",\n \"text\": \"(2008). In the spring of 2009, she filmed the 2010 film \\\"\\\" in Vancouver, British Columbia, opposite her \\\"Turistas\\\" co-star Olivia Wilde. In 2010, she also starred in the season-six \\\"House\\\" episode \\\"Remorse\\\", again with Wilde, as well as the independent crime film \\\"Freelancers\\\" (2010), starring 50 Cent, Forest Whitaker, and Robert De Niro. In 2017, Garrett was cast in the role of attorney Jessica Preston in the ABC series \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", which was met with significant ratings upon its debut, becoming the most-watched show in U.S. television for 2017. Garrett is involved with the philanthropic organization buildOn, and\",\n \"title\": \"Beau Garrett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17325716\",\n \"text\": \"Awareness Campaign Headquarters and was designated as a \\\"Good Program\\\" by the Korea Communications Standards Commission. An American remake of the same name, produced by Daniel Dae Kim, debuted late September, 2017 on ABC. The story of a surgeon with autism is set in San Jose, California, airing during fall of 2017. Good Doctor (South Korean TV series) Good Doctor () is a 2013 South Korean medical drama television series starring Joo Won, Moon Chae-won, Joo Sang-wook, Kim Min-seo, Chun Ho-jin, Kwak Do-won and Ko Chang-seok. It aired on KBS2 from August 5 to October 8, 2013, on Mondays and\",\n \"title\": \"Good Doctor (South Korean TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152595\",\n \"text\": \"follows Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism and savant syndrome from the mid-size city of Casper, Wyoming, where he had a troubled childhood. He relocates to San Jose, California, to work at the prestigious San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital. In May 2014, CBS Television Studios began development on an American remake of the hit South Korean medical drama \\\"Good Doctor\\\" with Daniel Dae Kim as producer. Kim explained the appeal of adapting the series as \\\"something that can fit into a recognizable world, with a breadth of characters that can be explored in the long run\\\". The story of\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10711653\",\n \"text\": \"Denning. The episode was directed by his \\\"Remedy\\\" castmate Enrico Colantoni. In November he made an appearance on the channel's long-running series \\\"Supernatural\\\", in an episode of the show's thirteenth season, entitled \\\"The Big Empty\\\", playing the character of sadistic shape-shifter, Buddy. In October of the same year, Matter appeared in an episode of the first season of ABC medical drama \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Based on the South Korean series of the same name, the drama follows the life of autistic-savant surgeon Shaun Murphy (Freddie Highmore). Matter appeared in the episode \\\"Pipes\\\", playing the role of Mark Allen, an expectant\",\n \"title\": \"Niall Matter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7583509\",\n \"text\": \"a house party to boost their social standings. He stars as the title character in the 2010 film \\\"Norman\\\", a film which follows the story of a high school senior who perpetuates a lie that he is terminally ill with cancer to gain sympathy from his peers. In 2009, Byrd began starring in the comedy series \\\"Cougar Town\\\", as the son of Courteney Cox's character. 2018 The good doctor. Tyler Durness. Season 2 episode 10 Awards Won: Awards Nominations: Dan Byrd Daniel Byrd (born November 20, 1985) is an American actor. His most prominent roles include the 2004 film \\\"A\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Byrd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18075807\",\n \"text\": \"3AD 3AD is a film and television production company established by actor/producer Daniel Dae Kim in 2013. In 2017, the company had its first production air with ABC’s \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", based on a Korean format about a surgeon living with autism. \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" was the No. 1 rated new broadcast drama in its premiere season and received a full season order on October 3rd, 2017. That same year its lead actor, Freddie Highmore, received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Dr. Shaun Murphy. 3AD signed a two year first\",\n \"title\": \"3AD\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4330718\",\n \"text\": \"People's Choice Award. In 2017, Highmore began producing and starring as Dr. Shaun Murphy in the ABC drama series \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. Highmore was born on 14 February 1992 in Camden Town, London, into a show business family. His mother, Sue Latimer, is a talent agent whose clients include actors Daniel Radcliffe and Imelda Staunton, and his father, Edward Highmore, is an actor. He has a younger brother named Bertie. His previous home was Highgate, North London. Highmore was educated at a primary school in Hampstead Garden\",\n \"title\": \"Freddie Highmore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2169136\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Home\\\" on the Roger Waters album Radio KAOS In season 5, episode 2, of the Canadian Show \\\"Heartland\\\" - Jack and Tim go to visit Tim's son in Moose Jaw. The Canadian television show \\\"Atomic Betty\\\" was set in Moose Jaw. In season 1, episode 15, of the American show \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" entitled \\\"Heartfelt,\\\" the patient was documenting herself for friends said Dr. Lim was from Moose Jaw. Moose Jaw Moose Jaw is the fourth largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lying on the Moose Jaw River in the south-central part of the province, it is situated on the Trans-Canada\",\n \"title\": \"Moose Jaw\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20770824\",\n \"text\": \"section of the station. This is notified through the drama official twitter account. \\\"Good Doctor\\\" received good ratings with its first airing at 11.5%, the highest rating in the last 2 years from the same timeslot on Fuji TV. The drama aired on WakuWaku Japan in Indonesia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, and Vietnam. Starting 21 July every Saturday 9.00pm(SGP), 8.00pm (JKT). Good Doctor (Japanese TV series) Minato Shindo (Kento Yamazaki) is autistic with savant syndrome. He has an amazing memory and keen spatial skills, but he finds it difficult to communicate with others. When he was a\",\n \"title\": \"Good Doctor (Japanese TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14639720\",\n \"text\": \"8 episodes, without Channel 4's involvement, which was made available globally on the streaming network in November 2016 under the new name \\\"Lovesick\\\". In 2015, Thomas was featured in the music video for the Stereophonics song \\\"C'est La Vie\\\" and narrated the opening and closing lines to the reboot of the British children's television series \\\"Teletubbies\\\". She began starring as Dr. Claire Brown in the American TV show \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" in September 2017. Antonia Thomas Antonia Laura Thomas (born 3 November 1986) is an English actress. She is best known for starring as Alisha Daniels in the E4 comedy-drama\",\n \"title\": \"Antonia Thomas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17325715\",\n \"text\": \"competitive world, and the challenges Shi-on faces become only greater when he falls in love with Yoon-seo. \\\"Good Doctor\\\" made a strong debut on the TV ratings chart. It maintained the number one spot in its timeslot for most of its run, with an average viewership rating of 17.4% (TNmS) and 18.0% (AGB Nielsen). In November 2013, the Korea Association of the Welfare Institutes for the Disabled gave the series a plaque of recognition for creating awareness about autism and how socially challenged individuals can contribute to society. In December 2013, \\\"Good Doctor\\\" also received an award from the Disability\",\n \"title\": \"Good Doctor (South Korean TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12745343\",\n \"text\": \"Steven DePaul Steven DePaul is an American television director and producer. He has directed multiple episodes of \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", \\\"The Gifted\\\", \\\"Shades of Blue\\\", \\\"NCIS-LA\\\", \\\"CSI-NY\\\", \\\"GRIMM\\\", \\\"The Unit\\\", \\\"Bones\\\", as well as many episodes of one-hour dramatic television (updated list IMDB). He was a longstanding producer and director on \\\"NYPD Blue\\\". In his capacity as producer of \\\"NYPD Blue\\\" he won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 1995. He was also nominated for \\\"NYPD Blue\\\" on five other occasions (in 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999). Also wonGolden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama\",\n \"title\": \"Steven DePaul\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18075808\",\n \"text\": \"look deal with ITV Studios America in 2017. They were previously in a deal with CBS Studios. The company’s current personnel include Head of Development Rina Brannen, Manager of Development Johnny Chiou, and Development Coordinator Quinn Wilcox. 3AD 3AD is a film and television production company established by actor/producer Daniel Dae Kim in 2013. In 2017, the company had its first production air with ABC’s \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", based on a Korean format about a surgeon living with autism. \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" was the No. 1 rated new broadcast drama in its premiere season and received a full season order\",\n \"title\": \"3AD\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152602\",\n \"text\": \"at Globo free-to-air television network to announce the launch of the series in the streaming service. A full-length trailer was released for ABC's May 2017 Upfront presentation, which /Film's Ethan Anderton described the concept as feeling like \\\"\\\"House\\\" meets \\\"Rain Man\\\", that just might be enough to make it interesting\\\". However, he questioned \\\"how long can audiences be entranced by both the brilliance of [Highmore's] character's savant skills and the difficulties that come from his autism in the workplace.\\\" Daniel Fienberg of \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" felt the trailer was \\\"both kinda progressive and really dated\\\". He added, \\\"Too much felt\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152607\",\n \"text\": \"the pilot alone.\\\" He enjoyed the \\\"warm dynamic\\\" of Schiff and Highmore, while describing Thomas' character as \\\"our emotional 'in' to Shaun's distinct, distant world\\\". He noted that \\\"it takes a while to build up momentum\\\", but concluded that \\\"the very final scene packs quite a punch, as Dr. Murphy unwittingly puts a colleague on notice\\\". \\\"The New York Times\\\" television critic James Poniewozik notes in his Critic's Notebook column that, for the most part, the drama is a \\\"hospital melodrama with whiz-bang medical science, a dash of intra-staff romance and shameless sentimentality.\\\" Discussing the main characters of Dr. Aaron\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19292298\",\n \"text\": \"Riot\\\" was featured on the last episode of the second season of the TV series \\\"Lucifer\\\". On 31 May 2017, Banners began touring with band Milky Chance in the US. The single \\\"Shine a Light\\\" was featured on the 7th episode of the first season of the TV series \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", as well as being part of the soundtrack of the 2018 movie \\\"Love, Simon\\\" In April 2018, Banners appeared live on season 16 of the U.S. TV competition \\\"American Idol\\\" in two duets with \\\"American Idol\\\" contestants Ron Bultongez and Alyssa Raghu. First he sang his own \\\"Someone\",\n \"title\": \"Banners (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8484592\",\n \"text\": \"Beau Garrett Beau Jesse Garrett (born December 28, 1982) is an American actress and model. She began her career appearing in GUESS advertisements in the late 1990s after being discovered by an Elite modeling agent at age fourteen. She made her feature film debut in the horror film \\\"Turistas\\\" (2006) before portraying Captain Raye in \\\"\\\" (2007). Garrett would later appear as a regular guest star on the television series \\\"\\\" (2011) and had a regular role on \\\"Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce\\\" from 2014 to 2018. Beginning in 2017, she portrayed Jessica Preston on the ABC series \\\"The Good Doctor\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Beau Garrett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4330729\",\n \"text\": \"comedy-drama film \\\"Almost Friends\\\", and Nick Hamm's political comedy-drama film \\\"The Journey\\\". The following year, he began the lead role of Dr. Shaun Murphy in the ABC drama series \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", on which he also serves as a producer. In 2017, he received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series for his performance. Highmore has been cast as the voice of the Duke of Cheshire in the animated film adaptation of \\\"The Canterville Ghost\\\". He is attached to play the title character, Baby Face Nelson, in the A&E drama pilot \\\"Baby Face\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Freddie Highmore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14639718\",\n \"text\": \"Antonia Thomas Antonia Laura Thomas (born 3 November 1986) is an English actress. She is best known for starring as Alisha Daniels in the E4 comedy-drama series \\\"Misfits\\\", Dr. Claire Browne in the ABC drama series \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" and Evie in the Channel 4/Netflix comedy series \\\"Lovesick\\\". Antonia Thomas was born on 3 November 1986 in London, the daughter of a Jamaican mother and an English father. Her father is a classical bass singer. She studied for a Bachelor of Arts in acting at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, graduating in 2009, and then joined the National Youth\",\n \"title\": \"Antonia Thomas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152608\",\n \"text\": \"Glassman (Richard Schiff) and Dr. Shaun Murphy (Freddie Highmore), however, Poniewozik writes that \\\"Mr. Schiff is convincing in the role and Mr. Highmore is striking in his.\\\" Speaking of Freddie Highmore's Golden Globe nomination on Monday, December 11, 2017, for his role in \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", Laura Bradley, writing for \\\"Vanity Fair\\\" says: \\\"... Freddie Highmore received the awards recognition that has long and unjustly eluded him...\\\" Bradley feels that Highmore's performance has been \\\"the central key\\\" to the show's enormous success and while the show had lukewarm reviews, most critics have praised Highmore's work. The Good Doctor (TV series)\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2669917\",\n \"text\": \"Wendy Crewson Wendy Jane Crewson (born May 9, 1956) is a Canadian actress and producer. She began her career appearing on Canadian television, before her breakthrough role in 1991 dramatic film \\\"The Doctor\\\". Crewson has appeared in many Hollywood films, including \\\"The Good Son\\\" (1993), \\\"The Santa Clause\\\" (1994) and its sequels \\\"The Santa Clause 2\\\" (2002) and \\\"\\\" (2006), as well as \\\"Air Force One\\\" (1997), \\\"Bicentennial Man\\\" (1999), \\\"What Lies Beneath\\\" (2000), \\\"The 6th Day\\\" (2000), and \\\"Eight Below\\\" (2006). She also starred in a number of independent movies, such as \\\"Better Than Chocolate\\\" (1999), \\\"Suddenly Naked\\\" (2001),\",\n \"title\": \"Wendy Crewson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17325713\",\n \"text\": \"Good Doctor (South Korean TV series) Good Doctor () is a 2013 South Korean medical drama television series starring Joo Won, Moon Chae-won, Joo Sang-wook, Kim Min-seo, Chun Ho-jin, Kwak Do-won and Ko Chang-seok. It aired on KBS2 from August 5 to October 8, 2013, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.The early working title was \\\"Green Scalpel\\\" (; lit. \\\"Green Mes\\\"). =Synopsis= Park Shi-on (Joo Won) is an autistic savant who was sent to a specialized care center as a child, where he was discovered to have a genius-level memory and keen spatial skills. He eventually enters\",\n \"title\": \"Good Doctor (South Korean TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20906294\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Good Doctor\\\" as Lea Dilallo, the love-interest to Freddie Highmore's Shaun Murphy. Spara was promoted to the main cast for the show's second season. Before landing her first television role of Audrey Piatigorsky on \\\"Kevin from Work\\\", she appeared in commercials for Forevermark Jewelry, Sally Hansen nails, and Volkswagen Golf. Recently, Spara has been working on a podcast entitled \\\"The Inbetween.\\\" Paige Spara Paige Spara (born August 8, 1989) is an American actress best known for her main roles as Audrey Piatigorsky in the ABC Family sitcom \\\"Kevin from Work\\\" and Lea Dilallo in the ABC medical drama \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Paige Spara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3938510\",\n \"text\": \"of Siam in Rodgers & Hammerstein's \\\"The King and I\\\" from May 3 - June 26, 2016, at the Lincoln Center Theatre in New York. As the founder of the film and television production company 3AD, Kim in January 2014 signed a first-look development deal with CBS Television Studios, the first of its kind with an Asian-American actor. 3AD is currently producing the television series \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", based on the 2013 South Korean series of the same name. Though Kim continues to split his time between Los Angeles and New York, he spends the majority of his year in\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Dae Kim\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4051429\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Schiff Richard Schiff (born May 27, 1955) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Toby Ziegler on \\\"The West Wing\\\", a role for which he received an Emmy Award. Schiff made his directorial debut with \\\"The West Wing\\\", directing an episode entitled \\\"Talking Points\\\". He is on the National Advisory Board of the Council for a Livable World. He currently has a recurring role on the HBO series \\\"Ballers\\\". Since September 2017, he has had a leading role in ABC's medical drama \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", as Dr. Glassman, president of a fictional teaching hospital\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Schiff\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17898151\",\n \"text\": \"at the end of Series 1 that the show would return for a second series, with both Suranne Jones and Bertie Carvel. At the 21st National Television Awards Jones announced that the new series began filming in September 2016. The second series started on 5 September 2017 and concluded on 3 October 2017. The BBC is yet to confirm whether the show will return for a third series although writer Mike Bartlett does not dismiss the possibility. In general, the show has received acclaim. The opening episode received generally positive reviews from critics, with Lucy Mangan from the \\\"Guardian\\\" calling\",\n \"title\": \"Doctor Foster (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20906291\",\n \"text\": \"Paige Spara Paige Spara (born August 8, 1989) is an American actress best known for her main roles as Audrey Piatigorsky in the ABC Family sitcom \\\"Kevin from Work\\\" and Lea Dilallo in the ABC medical drama \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Spara was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Kevin's Hair Salon owner Kevin and dentist Kim Spara. She is the middle child with an older sister Taylor and younger brother Jesse. She began acting at the age of 12 when she joined Kids' Theater Works. She continued acting at Washington High School where she graduated in 2008. From there,\",\n \"title\": \"Paige Spara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3147573\",\n \"text\": \"Hill Harper Francis Eugene \\\"Hill\\\" Harper (born May 17, 1966) is an American actor and author. He is known for his roles on \\\"\\\", \\\"Limitless\\\", and \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Harper was born in Iowa City, Iowa, the son of Harry D. Harper, II, a psychiatrist, and Marilyn Harper (née Hill), who was one of the first black practicing anesthesiologists in the United States, and, co-authored a book called \\\"Wearing Purple\\\". Hill Harper has been acting since the age of 7. Harper graduated from Bella Vista High School in 1984. He then graduated \\\"magna cum laude\\\" from Brown University in 1988.\",\n \"title\": \"Hill Harper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20770823\",\n \"text\": \"resident. On May 26, Fuji TV first announced they will make an adaptation of Good Doctor with Kento Yamazaki as the lead actor. Begins with a tweet three days before on the official twitter account of Good doctor 2018 that Kento will star in the new Fuji TV drama as main lead, and then a few days later the other supporting casts were announced. Special screening for episode 1 was held on July 8, 2018 which was attended by three main lead of the drama. The first filming began around June 17 2018, with start a shooting from the story\",\n \"title\": \"Good Doctor (Japanese TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12766076\",\n \"text\": \"Wily's creations (\\\"The Good Doctor\\\"). Wily convinces Light that they have come too far to back out now, and Light hesitantly flips the switch to activate the machines. As the machines come to life, Light leaves his and Wily's workshop, plagued by his doubts towards both the future of the city and his partner's intentions, and heads to his home to meet with his lover, Emily Stanton; however, Wily arrives there first, along with one of the robots. After Emily refuses Wily's offer to come away with him (\\\"Father of Death\\\"), Wily orders the robot to kill her. Light arrives\",\n \"title\": \"Act II: The Father of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18145214\",\n \"text\": \"website, the NBC mobile app, and Hulu for a four-week period. The episodes are also televised in their normal weekly timeslot. In Australia, the series premiered on May 29, 2015 on streaming service Presto, with all 13 episodes being released for 28 days. Its later television debut on the Seven Network (which co-owns Presto) aired on August 26, 2015. Season 2 aired on the same day as the U.S., on Presto in Australia. Metacritic gives season 1 of \\\"Aquarius\\\" a score of 58/100 based on reviews from 36 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\". Glenn Garvin of \\\"Reason\\\" praised the\",\n \"title\": \"Aquarius (U.S. TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20905241\",\n \"text\": \"new novels were announced, one featuring Ryan Sinclair. They are titled \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", \\\"Molten Heart\\\" and \\\"Combat Magicks\\\", with Ryan appearing primarily in \\\"Molten Heart\\\". On 22 October 2017, it was announced that Cole had been cast as a companion in the eleventh series of \\\"Doctor Who\\\", and would appear alongside Jodie Whittaker in 2018. Ryan Sinclair Ryan Sinclair is a fictional character created by Chris Chibnall and portrayed by Tosin Cole in the long-running British science fiction television series \\\"Doctor Who\\\". In the show's eleventh series, starting with the first episode, Ryan serves as a companion of the\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Sinclair\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4159622\",\n \"text\": \"Church, New York City, from February 1998 through March 1, 1998, with Andre De Shields, Jane Connell, and Gordon Connell. A television movie was made based on the play, with Edward Asner, Richard Chamberlain, and Marsha Mason. It premiered on U.S. Public Television on November 8, 1978. \\\"The New York Times\\\" reviewer wrote: \\\"Mr. Simon also includes a special piece for his wife, Marsha Mason, in which the appealing actress gets to play each of \\\"The Three Sisters\\\"...A press release notes that it is difficult to tell where Chekov stops and Simon begins. That's part of the problem... The result\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9171741\",\n \"text\": \"three episodes of the series. In 2014, he guest starred on the CBS drama series \\\"Person of Interest\\\" in the episode \\\"Most Likely to...\\\", and on the CBS political drama series \\\"The Good Wife\\\" in the episode \\\"The Deep Web\\\". That same year, he began recurring as Raymond Navaro in NBC's espionage thriller series \\\"State of Affairs\\\". In 2017, Carbonell directed the episode \\\"Apple\\\" of the ABC drama series \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", starring his \\\"Bates Motel\\\" co-star Highmore. Carbonell has been married to Australian actress Shannon Kenny since January 3, 2001. They originally met while working together on the 1995\",\n \"title\": \"Nestor Carbonell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6485433\",\n \"text\": \"David Shore David Shore (born July 3, 1959) is a Canadian television writer. Shore worked on \\\"Family Law\\\", \\\"NYPD Blue\\\" and \\\"Due South\\\", also producing many episodes of the latter. He created the critically acclaimed series \\\"House\\\" and more recently, \\\"Battle Creek\\\", \\\"Sneaky Pete\\\" and \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Shore was born in London, Ontario, to Jewish parents. His younger twin brothers, Ephraim and Raphael, are Aish HaTorah rabbis. David is the only member of his family involved in television, although his younger brother Raphael Shore made three political documentaries about the Middle East conflict. After graduating from A.B. Lucas Secondary\",\n \"title\": \"David Shore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409773\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Dallas Desperados season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20152606\",\n \"text\": \"rating with an average rating of 5.62/10 based on 40 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \\\"\\\"The Good Doctor\\\"s heavy-handed bedside manner undermines a solid lead performance, but under all the emotionally manipulative gimmickry, there's still plenty of room to improve.\\\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 53 out of 100 based on 15 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\". Giving his first impression of the series' pilot for TVLine, Matt Webb Mitovich stated, \\\"\\\"The Good Doctor\\\" boasts great DNA... [and] has the potential to be a refreshingly thought-provoking hospital drama, based on the buttons pushed in\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19125144\",\n \"text\": \"through November 12. The second chapter began streaming in January 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel Space before being streamed on Crave; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z. Subsequent episodes will be released through Space, Z, and Crave, with Space airing each episode 30 minutes before it's streamed on All Access. In the other countries, Netflix will\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Discovery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4159620\",\n \"text\": \"The Good Doctor (play) The Good Doctor is a comedy with music written by Neil Simon. It consists in a series of short plays, based on short stories and other works of Russian writer Anton Chekhov, framed by a writer making comments on them. \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" opened on Broadway at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on November 27, 1973, and closed on May 25, 1974, after 208 performances and eight previews. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by A.J. Antoon, it starred René Auberjonois, Barnard Hughes, Marsha Mason, Christopher Plummer, and Frances Sternhagen. Frances Sternhagen won the Tony Award, Best\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20318973\",\n \"text\": \"it moved to CTV for its fourth and final season, consisting of eight episodes. The first season originally aired from January 29 to April 2, 2014, while the second season aired from January 19 to March 23, 2015. A third season premiered on June 20, 2016, concluding on August 22, and the fourth season premiered on July 31, 2017, and concluded on September 18. In the United States, the series airs on the streaming service Acorn TV, with the first season premiering on January 18, 2016, the second on May 16, the third on October 24, and the fourth on\",\n \"title\": \"19-2 (2014 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16169032\",\n \"text\": \"award and Popularity award at the 2012 KBS Drama Awards. The same year, he starred opposite Park Bo-young in the horror thriller \\\"Don't Click\\\", and joined the second season of the popular variety program \\\"2 Days & 1 Night\\\". In 2013, Joo starred in MBC's drama \\\"7th Grade Civil Servant\\\", based on the action-romance movie \\\"My Girlfriend Is an Agent\\\". The same year, Joo was offered his most challenging role; an autistic savant who becomes a genius pediatric surgeon for KBS's medical drama \\\"Good Doctor\\\". After four years of absence from the musical scene, Joo returned to the musical stage\",\n \"title\": \"Joo Won\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10411020\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Nashville Kats season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12745346\",\n \"text\": \"for 11 years, during which he directed multiple episodes. In 2004, he left \\\"NYPD Blue\\\" and became a freelance director, the position he currently holds. He has travelled extensively on six continents. https://web.archive.org/web/20100610161232/http://www.peabody.uga.edu/winners/winners_book.php http://articles.latimes.com/1995-07-21/entertainment/ca-26201_1_emmy-award-nominations Steven DePaul Steven DePaul is an American television director and producer. He has directed multiple episodes of \\\"The Good Doctor\\\", \\\"The Gifted\\\", \\\"Shades of Blue\\\", \\\"NCIS-LA\\\", \\\"CSI-NY\\\", \\\"GRIMM\\\", \\\"The Unit\\\", \\\"Bones\\\", as well as many episodes of one-hour dramatic television (updated list IMDB). He was a longstanding producer and director on \\\"NYPD Blue\\\". In his capacity as producer of \\\"NYPD Blue\\\" he won the Emmy Award\",\n \"title\": \"Steven DePaul\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18581479\",\n \"text\": \"September 1974–April 1975 September 1975–April 1976 September 1976–April 1977 September 1977–April 1978 September 1978–April 1979 September 1979–April 1980 September 1980–April 1981 September 1981–April 1982 September 1982–April 1983 September 1983–April 1984 September 1984–April 1985 September 1985–April 1986 September 1986–April 1987 September 1987–April 1988 October 1988–April 1989 September 1989–April 1990 September 1990–April 1991 September 1991–April 1992 September 1992–April 1993 September 1993–April 1994 September 1994–April 1995 September 1995–May 1996 September 1996–May 1997 September 1997–May 1998 September 1998–May 1999 September 1999–May 2000 September 2000–May 2001 September 2001–May 2002 September 2002–May 2003 September 2003–May 2004 September 2004–May 2005 September 2005–May 2006 September 2006–May 2007 September\",\n \"title\": \"Top-rated United States television programs by season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4254173\",\n \"text\": \"in 2017 began starring in the ABC medical drama \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Tomita was born in Okinawa, the daughter of Shiro and Asako Tomita. Her father was a Japanese-American who was interned at Manzanar, California, during part of World War II, then later became a Los Angeles police officer, rising to the rank of sergeant and helping to form the first Asian Task force in that Department. Her father died of cancer in 1990. Tomita graduated from Granada Hills High School in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. Before becoming an actress, Tomita won the title of Queen at\",\n \"title\": \"Tamlyn Tomita\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16736792\",\n \"text\": \"finale to properly conclude the series, to air on December 20, 2018. Season 1 aired on NBC in the U.S. and on Global in Canada on Monday nights at 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific (9 p.m. Central). Season 2 aired on NBC and Global on Sunday nights at 10 p.m. EST/PST. (9 p.m. CST). Episodes can also be streamed online through NBC and Global's respective websites, as well as on Netflix in some countries. Episodes can also be streamed on Hulu in the United States. Starting from December 14, 2016, it aired in the UK on E4 every Wednesday at\",\n \"title\": \"Timeless (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19539167\",\n \"text\": \"1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.\",\n \"title\": \"Ejen Ali\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4159621\",\n \"text\": \"Featured Actress in a Play, and it received four additional Tony Award nominations: Best Original Score (Peter Link), Best Featured Actor in a Play (René Auberjonois), and Best Lighting Design (Tharon Musser). Clive Barnes wrote in \\\"The New York Times\\\" that \\\"There is much fun here-or at least here and there. It is, however, too anecdotal, with most stories closing with the dramatic ring of a punch-line. Mr. Simon's comic fancy is admirable.\\\" Simon met his second wife, Marsha Mason during auditions for this play. A revival was produced by The Melting Pot Theater, at the Theater of the Riverside\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Doctor (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409878\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th\",\n \"title\": \"2007 New York Dragons season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20215509\",\n \"text\": \"the most controversial issues of the day. I watch a lot of them. God bless 'em all. But the show I want to produce is playful, family-friendly, and a celebration of old-fashioned puzzle-solving.\\\" Music for the series was composed by Pat Irwin. On November 13, 2018, it was announced that the series is canceled after one season. In episode 6, \\\"Did the TV Star Do It?,\\\" the murder victim is identified as \\\"Beth Landau\\\". The character is named after series creator Andy Breckman's wife. Breckman had previously named a murder victim after his wife (then-fiancée) in season 2, episode 1\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Cop\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3147578\",\n \"text\": \"the time of its 1971 prison riot and tells of the lives of its prisoners using poetic prose. From May 1, 2018, to June 17, 2018, Harper starred as \\\"Rooftop\\\" in the Off-Broadway play \\\"Our Lady of 121st Street\\\". This Dark Comedy (written by Stephen Adly Guirgis and directed by Phylicia Rashad) is about former students paying their respects to Sister Rose, only to find that Sister Rose’s body has been stolen. Since 2017, Harper has portrayed Dr. Marcus Andrews on the ABC series \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Hill Harper's acting career also includes voice-over work (or voice acting) with \\\"Breathe\",\n \"title\": \"Hill Harper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4254177\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Seven Days\\\", \\\"Quantum Leap\\\", \\\"Living Single\\\", \\\"Murder, She Wrote\\\", \\\"Chicago Hope\\\", \\\"Will & Grace\\\", \\\"Nash Bridges\\\", \\\"The Shield\\\", \\\"Strong Medicine\\\", \\\"Stargate SG-1\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"The Mentalist\\\", \\\"Private Practice\\\", \\\"True Blood\\\",\\\" Zoo, Tour of Duty,\\\" and many other dramas and comedies. She had recurring roles on \\\"Crossing Jordan\\\", \\\"JAG\\\", \\\"24\\\", \\\"Eureka\\\", \\\"Heroes\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Glee\\\", \\\"Teen Wolf\\\", \\\"Resurrection\\\", \\\"How to Get Away with Murder\\\", and \\\"Chasing Life\\\". In 2016, Tomita played a series regular role on the Epix drama series \\\"Berlin Station\\\". The following year she began starring as a series regular on the ABC medical drama \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Tamlyn Tomita Tamlyn\",\n \"title\": \"Tamlyn Tomita\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409701\",\n \"text\": \"3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Orlando Predators season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4538321\",\n \"text\": \"Jonathan coach their football team. A couple of years later, Landon cast Olsen as the eponymous \\\"Father Murphy\\\", which lasted for two seasons. In the \\\"Highway to Heaven\\\" episode 2.12 (\\\"The Good Doctor\\\"), the main character, Alex, tells Mark Gordon (Victor French) that \\\"All I could see was the flowers and the beard. I thought you were Merlin Olsen.\\\" This is an inside joke since all three actors, Merlin Olsen, Michael Landon, and Victor French were in the TV series \\\"Little House On the Prairie\\\" earlier in their careers. Olsen's last acting work was in the short-lived 1988 TV series\",\n \"title\": \"Merlin Olsen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15681791\",\n \"text\": \"September 2012 on BBC America in the United States, and on Space in Canada. Within minutes of the first episode's UK ending, it was released onto the ABC iview service at 5:10am on 2 September 2012. It premiered 8 September 2012 on ABC1 in Australia, and on 13 September 2012 in New Zealand on Prime TV. \\\"The Snowmen\\\" aired on 25 December 2012 on BBC America in the US, and the same date on and Space in Canada. It aired the next day on ABC in Australia, and Prime in New Zealand. The first episode of the second half of\",\n \"title\": \"Doctor Who (series 7)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10966617\",\n \"text\": \"6, 2012. \\\"Victorious\\\" has aired worldwide on Nickelodeon. Season 1 premiered on April 5, 2010, in Canada, on September 3, 2010, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, on September 14, 2010, in Australia and New Zealand, on October 1, 2010, in Southeast Asia, on March 27, 2011, in Pakistan and on January 23, 2013, in India. Season 2 premiered on October 7, 2011, in Canada, on October 17, 2011, in the UK and Ireland, on October 31, 2011, in Southeast Asia, in December 2011 in Australia and New Zealand, and on March 25, 2013, in India. Season 3 premiered in\",\n \"title\": \"Victorious\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19683197\",\n \"text\": \"an episode. The two had previously co-starred in \\\"A Million Ways to Die in the West\\\". \\\"The Orville\\\" episode 5, titled \\\"Pria\\\", is the one in which Theron guest-starred. On February 12, 2018, Jessica Szohr was cast as a regular for season two. On February 21, Chris Johnson was cast in a recurring role. On August 24, 2016, Jon Favreau signed on to direct the pilot. Production on the pilot episode began in late 2016, and the rest of the episodes began filming on March 27, 2017. Production wrapped on August 23, 2017. \\\"Star Trek\\\" veterans Jonathan Frakes and Robert\",\n \"title\": \"The Orville\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19700208\",\n \"text\": \"August 2016, the short was again made available to stream until 31 March 2017. The first episode of the two-part special premiered on NHK's BS Premium channel on 18 February 2017, and the second episode aired on 25 February 2017. Each episode is 45 minutes long. The special aired dubbed on NHK World with the first episode airing on 17 March 2017 and the second episode airing the next day. Sentai Filmworks has licensed the special for home video distribution in North America. Reviewing the first two seasons of Animator Expo for Anime News Network, Kevin Cirugeda recommended the short\",\n \"title\": \"The Dragon Dentist\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12663147\",\n \"text\": \"by The Moving Picture Company. The commercial was a popular, financial, and critical success, boosting sales during the period in which it ran, and receiving more awards than any other campaign in 2002, including a Cannes Gold Lion, an Epica Award and several prizes from the D&AD Awards. \\\"Good Doctor\\\" opens in a field in 19th century rural France, where a doctor confirms that one of the field hands is dying of cholera. The other workers flee, leaving the doctor to burn the remains. Later, he is called from his hospital to help another woman, who had collapsed in the\",\n \"title\": \"Good Doctor (advertisement)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16538302\",\n \"text\": \"15, 2012, on smartphone channel NOTTV. It also aired on cable channel KNTV from March 9 to May 28, 2013. It aired in Malaysia on ONE TV ASIA, followed by 8TV in Mandarin and later NTV7 under the title: The Great Doctor. It began airing in Vietnam on October 15, 2014, on VTV3 In the Philippines, it is currently available on ABS-CBNmobile's iWanTV! app since October 20, 2014 during the Lee Min-ho Festival. The series was originally supposed to air on TV in 2013, but was later cancelled. However, due to the request of the fans, it eventually premiered on\",\n \"title\": \"Faith (2012 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3616062\",\n \"text\": \"Nicholas Gonzalez Nicholas Edward Gonzalez (born January 3, 1976) is an American actor, best known for playing Alex Santiago in the television series \\\"Resurrection Blvd.\\\" He currently portrays Dr. Neil Melendez on ABC's \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Gonzalez was born in San Antonio, Texas, where he was a student at Central Catholic High School. He became an accomplished cross-country and track runner, winning the Texas State Championship in the mile and two mile. After graduating in 1994 and turning down a presidential appointment to West Point, Nicholas pursued an English degree at Stanford University in California. His interest and love of\",\n \"title\": \"Nicholas Gonzalez\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3616069\",\n \"text\": \"Nicholas Gonzalez Nicholas Edward Gonzalez (born January 3, 1976) is an American actor, best known for playing Alex Santiago in the television series \\\"Resurrection Blvd.\\\" He currently portrays Dr. Neil Melendez on ABC's \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Gonzalez was born in San Antonio, Texas, where he was a student at Central Catholic High School. He became an accomplished cross-country and track runner, winning the Texas State Championship in the mile and two mile. After graduating in 1994 and turning down a presidential appointment to West Point, Nicholas pursued an English degree at Stanford University in California. His interest and love of\",\n \"title\": \"Nicholas Gonzalez\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6272104\",\n \"text\": \"recurring during the series' fifth season before being upgraded to a series regular during the sixth season. From 2009-16, Czuchry portrayed lawyer Cary Agos on the CBS drama \\\"The Good Wife\\\". He also reprised his role as Logan Huntzberger on Netflix's reunion miniseries, \\\"\\\" (2016). Czuchry currently stars in Fox's medical drama series \\\"The Resident\\\", which premiered on January 21, 2018. He plays the titular character, Dr. Conrad Hawkins. The series was renewed for a second season on May 7, 2018. He appeared in the movies \\\"Eight Legged Freaks\\\" and \\\"Slap Her... She's French\\\". Czuchry played the lead role in\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Czuchry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5787150\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Good Doctor\\\" as Glenn, a 72 year old man with a failing heart who breaks his pacemaker because he wants to die due to the constant pain he is suffering. Dooley co-wrote the play, \\\"Assisted Living,\\\" with his wife Winnie Holzman. It was their first theatrical collaboration. The play premiered on April 5, 2013. Dooley has been married to Winnie Holzman since November 18, 1984. They first met at an improv acting class in New York but were both in relationships with other people at the time. The couple have a daughter named Savannah and live in Toluca Lake\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Dooley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15687780\",\n \"text\": \"plus a little magic and a little luck. And that’s what I feel like we had with this scene. It's so funny and so bittersweet and so, so sad.\\\" \\\"Good Mourning\\\" was originally broadcast on September 24, 2009, on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. It was viewed by a total of 17.04 million people, in its 9:00 Eastern time-slot. The episode was the series' second least-viewed season premiere, up to that point, just ahead of the season one premiere—\\\"A Hard Day's Night\\\". In comparison to the previous episode, \\\"Good Mourning\\\" made a 0.08% decrease in terms\",\n \"title\": \"Good Mourning (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20841684\",\n \"text\": \"episode, ranging from five days until broadcast to when the episode began airing. At time of the episode's initial announcement, it was stated that the episode would air in August 2018. On 24 July 2018, it was confirmed that the episode would air on 11 August. The episode premiered on BBC One at 21:10 and was available to watch on BBC iPlayer for thirty days after its broadcast. Official ratings from the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board showed that 5.51 million people had watched the episode on BBC One and BBC iPlayer within 7 days of the original broadcast. Within 28\",\n \"title\": \"Episode 1094\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20215506\",\n \"text\": \"The Good Cop The Good Cop is an American television comedy-drama murder-mystery created by Andy Breckman. The first season consists of ten episodes. The series premiered on Netflix on September 21, 2018. The program is based on an Israeli show of the same name created by Erez and Tomer Aviram and produced by Yoav Gross. On November 13, 2018, Netflix canceled the series after one season. Netflix announced the new series in June 2017. The show stars Tony Danza as \\\"a disgraced, former NYPD officer who never followed the rules\\\", and Josh Groban as his son, Tony Jr., \\\"an earnest,\",\n \"title\": \"The Good Cop\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19387443\",\n \"text\": \"point onwards (at Lynch's insistence). Overall, the series consists of 18 episodes. It concluded on September 3, 2017, with a two-part finale. In the United Kingdom, Sky Atlantic simulcast the first two episodes beginning at 2:00 am British Summer Time on May 22, 2017, and the next two episodes were released on Sky UK's on-demand service after the premiere. In the Nordic countries, the series is broadcast on HBO Nordic, with the two-hour premiere airing on May 22, and subsequent episodes being made available the day after its U.S. airing. In Canada, the series is available on CraveTV and The\",\n \"title\": \"Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20223894\",\n \"text\": \"Good Bones (TV series) Good Bones is an American reality television series airing on HGTV starring Karen E. Laine and Mina Starsiak Hawk, based in Indianapolis, Indiana. The show's pilot aired on March 22, 2016. The second season premiered on May 30, 2017. Prior to \\\"Good Bones\\\", Karen was a defense attorney, and her daughter Mina was a waitress. After flipping a few houses in the Fountain Square neighborhood of Indianapolis, the two decided to open a home rehab business in 2008, called Two Chicks and a Hammer, Inc. Mina, now a real estate agent, and Karen often incorporate green\",\n \"title\": \"Good Bones (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16538303\",\n \"text\": \"December 8, 2014, on ABS-CBN. The series ended on the said network last January 30, 2015. It begain airing in Thailand on Workpoint TV beginning September 29, 2014. It began airing in Iran on January 17, 2015, on IRIB Namayesh TV network. It is currently available in the United States on the Hulu Viki.com and DramaFever services. Faith (2012 TV series) Faith (; also known as The Great Doctor) is a 2012 South Korean television drama broadcast by SBS from August 13, 2012, to October 30, 2012, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 24 episodes. It is about a\",\n \"title\": \"Faith (2012 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17085085\",\n \"text\": \"season on July 25, 2014, which began airing on March 13, 2015. It was renewed in July 2015 for a third season, and in March 2016 the second and third seasons were split in two, making a total of five seasons. The series premiered in the United States on November 4, 2013, on Cartoon Network with two episodes. In Canada, it began airing on Cartoon Network on November 11, 2013, and on Teletoon on April 24, 2014. It began airing on Cartoon Network channels in Australia on February 3, 2014, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on May 12\",\n \"title\": \"Steven Universe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19423207\",\n \"text\": \"In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings. The series aired in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia through Sony's Pay-TV channel ONE TV Asia on Tuesdays and Wednesdays at 20:10 (SST|MYT|WITA), 19:10 (WIB) within 24 hours of its first telecast in South Korea. It is also available for streaming in Singapore on Viu with English subtitles. In Thailand, it aired on Channel 8 (in the network RS Promotion), on Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 starting on July 4, 2016. In the United States, the drama aired in the Los Angeles\",\n \"title\": \"The Doctors (2016 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7846372\",\n \"text\": \"10 p.m. ET. A Canadian French-dubbed version of season one also airs on TVA, Thursdays at 9:00 p.m. and two episodes of season two on Mystère (addikTV), Mondays at 8:00 p.m. The first season aired in Australia on the Seven Network Wednesday nights at 8:30 p.m. The series debuted strongly, attracting more than 2 million viewers in five of the capital cities. To keep viewer numbers high the Seven Network began showing the second season on Thursday nights at 9:30 p.m. across all areas, a week after the US screening. The third season began airing on October 9, 2008, and\",\n \"title\": \"Heroes (U.S. TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20150750\",\n \"text\": \"filming also took place in Conyers, Georgia, on a production set previously used for Fox's \\\"Sleepy Hollow\\\". Filming for the first production block took place between March 20 and April 5, 2017. Filming for the second season began in July 2018. In the United States, new episodes are broadcast by Fox. Internationally, the series is shown on Seven Network in Australia, City (season 1) and CTV (season 2) in Canada, and on Universal TV in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In Latin America, the series is broadcast by Fox's Latin America counterpart. Episodes can be watched next day on the\",\n \"title\": \"The Resident (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10416126\",\n \"text\": \"Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Utah Blaze season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17339338\",\n \"text\": \"it achieved the highest ever audience figures for the channel, beating the previous record set just over month beforehand with \\\"The Day of the Doctor\\\". It was also seen in Canada on Space. In Australia it aired on 26 December on ABC1, and in New Zealand, it screened on Prime Television during Boxing Day evening with 106,390 viewers. It received an Appreciation Index of 83 in the UK. \\\"The Time of the Doctor\\\" received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the episode an approval rating of 87%, based on 15 critics, and an average score of 8.16/10. The website's\",\n \"title\": \"The Time of the Doctor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3004013\",\n \"text\": \"the 1970s all-girl rock band of the same name. Keough portrayed the role of Marie Currie, the sister to Cherie Currie, the band's lead singer, portrayed by Dakota Fanning. The film also starred Kristen Stewart and Tatum O'Neal and premiered in 2010 at the Sundance Film Festival to favorable reviews. In April 2011, Keough starred as the female lead in the drama \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" alongside Orlando Bloom and Taraji P. Henson. Keough portrayed Diane Nixon, a young patient with a kidney infection who's kept ill in order to make her doctor gain the respect he craves. The film received\",\n \"title\": \"Riley Keough\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10256069\",\n \"text\": \"Canada authorities revoked his citizenship and ordered his deportation. Being a permanent resident of South Africa, he was returned there in July 2004. He moved to Durban to live with his mother. His case was depicted in a 2003 true crime series, (\\\"The Good Doctor\\\") on CBC, and in Canadian film, \\\"I Accuse\\\". It was also featured in an episode of \\\"Forensic Files\\\" ('Bad Blood') on Court TV, now TruTV. The case also inspired works of fiction, including \\\"Serendipity\\\", a fifth season episode of \\\"\\\", and the first episode of the 2009 Japanese drama \\\"Kiina\\\". The case was featured on\",\n \"title\": \"John Schneeberger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3616067\",\n \"text\": \"completed production of \\\"\\\", which opened in theaters August 27, 2004. Gonzalez also appeared in \\\"Melrose Place\\\" (2009). In 2011, he played Mateo on the ABC show \\\"Off The Map\\\". Gonzalez costarred in the Lifetime series \\\"Witches of East End\\\". Gonzalez also appeared as Detective Marco Furey in Freeform's series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" as a recurring guest from 2016 until 2017. Gonzalez also provided the physical Performance (motion capture) of Nick Mendoza in the video game \\\"\\\". Gonzalez currently appears as the role of Dr. Neil Melendez in \\\"The Good Doctor\\\". Gonzalez enjoys playing golf, video games, poker (finished 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"Nicholas Gonzalez\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4241537\",\n \"text\": \"Thursday nights on FOX. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2001-02: 2002–03 United States network television schedule This was the United States broadcast television schedule on all six commercial television networks for the fall season beginning in September 2002. All times are Eastern and Pacific, with certain exceptions, such as \\\"Monday Night Football\\\". New series are highlighted in bold.\",\n \"title\": \"2002–03 United States network television schedule\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15139871\",\n \"text\": \"briefly on NBC in 2008. She was also a guest star on \\\"Heroes\\\" in 2009. Mann appeared in the season two winter premiere of \\\"Suits\\\" on the USA Network. Mann was originally cast in the role of Stephanie for the USA pilot \\\"Paging Dr. Freed\\\", but did not appear in the final version because the network envisioned a different type for the character. Mann currently lives in Los Angeles with her daughter Nikita and her husband Purvesh Mankad, who works in finance. Aarti Mann Aarti Majumdar (born March 3, 1978), better known by her stage name Aarti Mann, is an\",\n \"title\": \"Aarti Mann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15310964\",\n \"text\": \"Chris D'Elia Christopher D'Elia (born March 29, 1980) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer and podcast host. He is known for playing Alex Miller on the NBC sitcom \\\"Whitney\\\"; Danny Burton on the sitcom \\\"Undateable\\\", also on NBC; and Kenny on \\\"The Good Doctor\\\" on ABC. D'Elia was born in New Jersey, the son of TV producer and director Bill D'Elia, and interior decorator Ellie D'Elia (née Dombroski). He has a younger brother, filmmaker/actor Matt D'Elia. His father is first generation Italian-American. He was raised in Montclair, New Jersey until age twelve, when his family relocated to Los Angeles,\",\n \"title\": \"Chris D'Elia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13284521\",\n \"text\": \"Who an exciting prospect.\\\" The episodes were first shown in the United States on 26 December 2009 and 2 January 2010, on BBC America. The broadcast of part two on 2 January helped BBC America to earn its highest ever primetime rating. The two episodes also reached the top two positions on the US iTunes Store, where they were available to purchase for download by American users. Both episodes were first shown in Canada back-to-back on 2 January 2010, on Space. Prime Television New Zealand broadcast Part 1 on 7 February 2010 and Part 2 on 14 February 2010. The\",\n \"title\": \"The End of Time (Doctor Who)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19377323\",\n \"text\": \"20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \\\"Kim Possible\\\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014\",\n \"title\": \"Big Hero 6: The Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15448611\",\n \"text\": \"23 April; following \\\"A Christmas Carol\\\", this is the first full series to air on the same day in the US as the UK. However, \\\"The Almost People\\\" and \\\"A Good Man Goes to War\\\" were delayed by one week due to expected low numbers of TV viewers during the Memorial Day weekend. Space aired the premiere on 23 April for Canadian viewers, and \\\"The Impossible Astronaut\\\" was broadcast in Australia on ABC1 on 30 April. The series started screening in New Zealand on Prime on 19 May 2011. The second half of the series, beginning with \\\"Let's Kill Hitler\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Doctor Who (series 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18778093\",\n \"text\": \"on November 24, 2016. The remaining 10 episodes of the third season aired from January 21, 2017 to February 18, 2017. Four special episodes aired from June 26, 2017 to June 29, 2017, marking the end of the series. There is an English-language version of the series being broadcast in Middle Eastern regions, Nordic countries, Hungary and Czech Republic, and South Africa. In South Africa, Season 1 first aired from March 3, 2016 to May 26, 2016; Season 2 from July 7, 2016 to November 3, 2016; Season 3 Part 1 from April 3, 2017 to April 14, 2017; and\",\n \"title\": \"Alex & Co.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7804640\",\n \"text\": \"series, which is scheduled to span over six seasons, depicts the relationship between Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh from 1947 to the present. In 2017, Victoria reprised her role as Anna in Series 2 of the BBC1 Drama, Doctor Foster, and featured in episodes 1-4 of Series 2, the character had moved away by the final episode. Works cited Victoria Hamilton Victoria Hamilton (born 5 April 1971) is an English actress. After training at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, Hamilton began her career in classical theatre, appearing in productions with the Royal Shakespeare\",\n \"title\": \"Victoria Hamilton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16793555\",\n \"text\": \"2016 on TVNZ's TV2. In Japan, Disney Channel streamed the episode \\\"Stormy Weather\\\" through its mobile application on 1 July 2018, before the official premiere on 23 July in the same year. The second season premiere is scheduled for a global launch around September–November 2017 in Europe, At a panel at San Diego Comic-Con 2017, it was announced that the second season would have its North American release on Netflix in December 2017, with 13 episodes to be released. KidsClick will start airing season 2 of this show in the US starting 30 August 2018, marking the first time that\",\n \"title\": \"Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"the good doctor season 1 episode 2 air date"}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":0,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":8757,"offset":0,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc3NDg3NDc4Nywic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3hmYWN0L25xLWRwciIsImV4cCI6MTc3NDg3ODM4NywiaXNzIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9odWdnaW5nZmFjZS5jbyJ9.9Dzfn1qu_0JzzHbFIcDRIDInbTA1sg27YAOPNaGAezowmvahkZYIb2n_nxnrLi6uTbmll6BKBz02E57KSDcOBA","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"validation","numRows":8757,"numBytesParquet":315501001}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
answers list | ctxs list | question stringlengths 26 100 |
|---|---|---|
[
"Linda Davis"
] | [
{
"id": "11828866",
"text": "Does He Love You \"Does He Love You\" is a song written by Sandy Knox and Billy Stritch, and recorded as a duet by American country music artists Reba McEntire and Linda Davis. It was released in August 1993 as the first single from Reba's album \"Greatest Hits Volume Two\". It ... | who sings does he love me with reba |
[
"581 (second edition)"
] | [
{
"id": "533920",
"text": "he was unsatisfied with the book. Ellison ultimately wrote more than 2,000 pages of this second novel but never finished it. Ellison died on April 16, 1994 of pancreatic cancer and was interred in a crypt at Trinity Church Cemetery in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper M... | how many pages is invisible man by ralph ellison |
[
"the Saint Lawrence River"
] | [
{
"id": "151960",
"text": "Great Lakes The Great Lakes (), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the At... | where do the great lakes meet the ocean |
[
"July 5, 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "18433097",
"text": "announced in the 44th issue of \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" magazine of 2018. This was later confirmed with the airing of the final episode to season three on September 29, 2018. On December 19, 2018, the \"My Hero Academia\" website confirmed a release date of October 2019, along wit... | when does the new my hero academia movie come out |
[
"31"
] | [
{
"id": "2209711",
"text": "either a prime or of the above form, it is the only candidate for the order of a simple group less than 60 that one needs other methods to reject. Thirty is: 30 (number) 30 (thirty) is the natural number following 29 and preceding 31. Thirty is the sum of the first four squares, ... | what is the smallest prime number that is greater than 30 |
[
"Francia Raisa"
] | [
{
"id": "6806615",
"text": "Bring It On: All or Nothing Bring It On: All or Nothing (previously known as Bring It On Yet Again) is a 2006 cheerleading comedy film directed by Steve Rash and starring Hayden Panettiere and Solange Knowles. It is the third installment in the \"Bring it On\" series of films tha... | who plays letty in bring it on all or nothing |
[
"Roy Raymond"
] | [
{
"id": "13258880",
"text": "Victoria's Secret Victoria's Secret is an American designer, manufacturer, and marketer of women's lingerie, womenswear, and beauty products. Founded in 1977 as a response to packaged underwear, which the company's founder considered to be \"ugly, floral-print nylon nightgowns\"... | who was the creator of victoria's secret |
[
"2002"
] | [
{
"id": "808428",
"text": "to Barry (Mike Grady). Also making her first appearance in the film was Thora Hird as Seymour's sister and Glenda's mother, Edie, as well as re-introducing Gordon Wharmby as Edie's husband Wesley, previously seen in three popular one-off appearances. The second film proved a succe... | when did wesley leave last of the summer wine |
[
"Charles Cornwallis"
] | [
{
"id": "5150686",
"text": "Indian Civil Service (British India) The Indian Civil Service (ICS), for part of the 19th century officially known as the Imperial Civil Service, was the elite higher civil service of the British Empire in British India during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. Its... | who introduced the system of civil services in india |
[
"Motown"
] | [
{
"id": "3848159",
"text": "Pioneers of southern soul include: Georgia natives Ray Charles and James Brown; Little Willie John, Bobby \"Blue\" Bland, New Orleans R&B artist Allen Toussaint; and Memphis DJ Rufus Thomas. Southern soul was influenced by blues and gospel music. Southern soul was at its peak dur... | southern soul was considered the sound of what independent record label |
[
"Sauron"
] | [
{
"id": "13447599",
"text": "Morgoth Morgoth Bauglir (; originally Melkor ) is a character from Tolkien's legendarium. He is the main antagonist of \"The Silmarillion\" and \"The Children of Húrin\", and is mentioned briefly in \"The Lord of the Rings\". Melkor was the most powerful of the Ainur, but turned... | who is the bad guy in lord of the rings |
[
"close to the poles"
] | [
{
"id": "2279250",
"text": "purpose world maps in 1988, replacing the Van der Grinten projection. In 1998 NGS abandoned the Robinson projection for that use in favor of the Winkel tripel projection, as the latter \"reduces the distortion of land masses as they near the poles\". The Robinson projection is ne... | where is the most distortion on a robinson projection |
[
"October 1, 1926"
] | [
{
"id": "6502676",
"text": "the Government in matters relating to the appointment, transfer, promotion and disciplinary matters. The commission reports directly to the President and can advise the Government through him. Although, such advice is not binding on the Government. Being a constitutional authorit... | when was the public service commission original version of the upsc set up |
[
"Queen Hippolyta"
] | [
{
"id": "6194891",
"text": "Hippolyta (DC Comics) Queen Hippolyta is a fictional DC Comics superhero, based on the Amazon queen Hippolyta from Greek mythology. Introduced in 1941 during the Golden Age of Comic Books, she is the queen of the Amazons of Themyscira, and the mother of Wonder Woman, Donna Troy, ... | what is the name of wonder womans mother |
[
"Paul"
] | [
{
"id": "327735",
"text": "Paul the Apostle Paul the Apostle (; ; ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (; ), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul is generally co... | which apostle had a thorn in his side |
[
"rib cage",
"intervertebral discs",
"many other body components",
"bronchial tubes",
"ear",
"nose"
] | [
{
"id": "1438870",
"text": "Cartilage Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body ... | where is each type of cartilage located in the body |
[
"Meat Loaf"
] | [
{
"id": "9662543",
"text": "Two Out of Three Ain't Bad \"Two Out of Three Ain't Bad\" is a power ballad performed by the American musician Meat Loaf. It is a track off his 1977 album \"Bat Out of Hell\", written by Jim Steinman. It reached #11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and earned a million-selling Gold s... | who wrote the song two out of three ain't bad |
[
"in the epididymis"
] | [
{
"id": "5035057",
"text": "tubes cupped against the testicles, acts as a maturation and storage for sperm before they pass into the vas deferens, that carry sperm to the ampullary gland and prostatic ducts. The vas deferens, also known as the sperm duct, is a thin tube approximately long that starts from t... | where is human sperm stored in the body |
[
"September 1977"
] | [
{
"id": "2310751",
"text": "Bat Out of Hell Bat Out of Hell is the debut studio album by American rock singer Meat Loaf, as well as his first collaboration with composer Jim Steinman and producer Todd Rundgren. The album was released in September 1977 on Cleveland International/Epic Records. It is one of th... | when did bat out of hell get released |
[
"1966"
] | [
{
"id": "269376",
"text": "common. In January 2016, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed that the West Indian manatee be reclassified from an \"endangered\" status to \"threatened\" as improvements to habitat conditions, population growth and reductions of threats have all increased. The proposal wil... | when were manatees put on the endangered list |
[
"Flipper Anderson"
] | [
{
"id": "13298670",
"text": "Braylon Edwards who played for Michigan from 2001 to 2004. When Edwards finished, he held the records for most career receiving yards (3,541), receptions (252), and touchdowns (39). In 2004, Edwards also set the single-season records for receiving yards (1,330) and receptions (9... | who has the most receiving yards in one game |
[
"May 8 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "20649337",
"text": "renewed the series for a seventh season during the \"Upfront\" for the 2018–19 television season. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> El Señor de los Cielos (season 6) The six season of \"El Señor de los Cielos\", an American television series created by Luis Zelkowicz, that premiered ... | when does the new season of el señor de los cielos start |
[
"Atandwa Kani"
] | [
{
"id": "11031748",
"text": "2018, Kani portrayed the younger King T'Chaka, a dual part shared with his father, in the comic book film \"Black Panther\". Kani resides in New York in the United States with his wife Fikile M. Kani. Atandwa Kani Atandwa Kani is a South African actor, and the son of South Afric... | who played young king t'chaka in black panther |
[
"3 October 1942"
] | [
{
"id": "386514",
"text": "Google Lunar X Prize). The highest known projectiles prior to the rockets of the 1940s were the shells of the Paris Gun, a type of German long-range siege gun, which reached at least 40 kilometers altitude during World War One. Steps towards putting a human-made object into space ... | when was the first manmade object sent into space |
[
"a minimum of five"
] | [
{
"id": "142664",
"text": "Premier League The Premier League (often referred to as the English Premier League (EPL) outside England) is the top level of the English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL). The ... | how many games to get premier league medal |
[
"November 6, 2017"
] | [
{
"id": "17192444",
"text": "\"The Battle for Mewni\" and consisted of the first four episodes. A live chat featuring Star and Marco was aired on Disney XD on July 17. The remaining third-season episodes started airing on November 6, 2017. A fourth season was also ordered ahead of the third season premiere.... | when is star vs the forces of evil coming back on 2017 |
[
"16 February 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "20212584",
"text": "GMT and was broadcast live on BBC Two and BT Sport. This round included four teams from Level 4 – Yeovil Town, Notts County, Coventry City, and Newport County – who were the lowest-ranked teams still in the competition. The draw for the Fifth Round Proper took place on 29 Januar... | when is the fifth round of the fa cup played |
[
"Law Officers of the Crown"
] | [
{
"id": "2561385",
"text": "United States Attorney United States attorneys (also known as chief federal prosecutors and, historically, as United States district attorneys) represent the United States federal government in United States district courts and United States courts of appeals. The prosecution is ... | who is the chief legal advisor to the government |
[
"Urchins"
] | [
{
"id": "6196069",
"text": "sudden job transfer, the family is forced to move to Vermont, while Tsunami stays in Hawaii. In Kapahaala's new town, there are two schools: a private school where the students are skiers known as Skies; and the public school where the students are snowboarders known as Urchins. ... | what do they call snowboarders in johnny tsunami |
[
"Phil Bardsley"
] | [
{
"id": "18289382",
"text": "The Real Housewives of Cheshire The Real Housewives of Cheshire (abbreviated RHOCheshire) is a British reality television series broadcast on ITVBe. The show premiered on 12 January 2015 and is based on \"The Real Housewives\" franchise. It is produced and distributed by NBCUniv... | who is tanyas husband in real housewives of cheshire |
[
"vertebrates"
] | [
{
"id": "4925554",
"text": "extracellular fluid. Gap junctions play vital roles in the human body, including their role in the uniform contractile of the heart muscle. They are also relevant in signal transfers in the brain, and their absence shows a decreased cell density in the brain. Retinal and skin cel... | where are tight junctions found in the human body |
[
"Château de Chambord",
"the Loc-Dieu Abbey",
"the Ingres Museum",
"Château d'Amboise"
] | [
{
"id": "793091",
"text": "Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) it was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal. During World War II, \"Mona Lisa\" was again removed from the Louvre and taken safely, first to Château d'Amboise, then to the Loc-Dieu Abbey and Château de Chambord, then finally to the Ingres Museum... | where was the mona lisa kept during ww2 |
[
"Andy Griffith"
] | [
{
"id": "12168645",
"text": "Griffith's personality matched the personality of the older man in the song. Griffith speaks the old man's lines in the video as well. Jim Shea and Peter Tilden directed the video. In August 2008, the song's video mix, complete with Griffith's vocals, was sent to radio as well. ... | who is the old man in waiting on a woman |
[
"Brazil"
] | [
{
"id": "145479",
"text": "two gold medals at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics and their two World Cup titles in 1930 and 1950). With five titles, Brazil are the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have played in every World Cup (21) to date. Brazil were also the first team to win th... | who have won the world cup the most times |
[
"Walmart",
"McDonald's"
] | [
{
"id": "438143",
"text": "Corporation, Apple Inc., Verizon, JPMorgan Chase, and Cardinal Health. In 2013, eight of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization were American: Apple Inc., ExxonMobil, Berkshire Hathaway, Walmart, General Electric, Microsoft, IBM, and Chevron Corporation. Accord... | list of companies with highest number of employees |
[
"Cyndi Lauper"
] | [
{
"id": "7546433",
"text": "True Colors (Cyndi Lauper song) \"True Colors\" is a song written by American songwriters Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly. It was both the title track and the first single released from American singer Cyndi Lauper's second album. It was the only original song on the album that Lau... | who sang the original version of true colors |
[
"Ymir Fritz"
] | [
{
"id": "15608108",
"text": "with many of Eren's friends following suit. During an expedition to Shiganshina, a Female Titan unsuccessfully attempts to capture Eren. Despite the expedition's failure, Armin deduces the Female Titan's identity as a fellow cadet from their class named Annie Leonheart with abil... | in attack on titan who is the female titan |
[
"Artax"
] | [
{
"id": "2324364",
"text": "all harm. At the advice of the giant turtle, Morla the Aged One, Atreyu sets off in search of an invisible oracle known as Uyulala, who may know the Empress's cure. In reaching her, he is aided by a luckdragon named Falkor, whom he rescues from the monster 'Ygramul the Many'. By ... | what is the horses name in never-ending story |
[
"Alexander Graham Bell"
] | [
{
"id": "5491498",
"text": "Bell on January 30, 1877. The sounds were weak and could only be heard when the ear was close to the earphone/mouthpiece, but they were distinct. The first long distance telephone call was made on August 10, 1876, by Bell from the family homestead in Brantford, Ontario, to his as... | who made the first telephone in the world |
[
"Drake",
"CeCe"
] | [
{
"id": "15673270",
"text": "2009, Jones drove cross country from his East Coast home to move to Los Angeles and began acting soon after. Jones shot with photographer Bruce Weber for the 2010 Abercrombie & Fitch holiday campaign. He is also featured as the lead vocalist on the 2011 single \"Wanna Be Known\"... | who is charles off of pretty little liars |
[
"Blair"
] | [
{
"id": "12437566",
"text": "pay Serena a visit. Chuck has a newfound philosophy and says \"yes\" to everything, even death defying stunts. Serena continues to work on the movie set, and is offered a full-time job at the end of the episode. Nate begins an affair with an older woman, Diana Payne, who may hav... | who got pregnant in gossip girl season 5 |
[
"Foxborough, Massachusetts"
] | [
{
"id": "286639",
"text": "New England Patriots The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays ... | where is the new england patriots stadium located |
[
"Ari Lehman"
] | [
{
"id": "2158046",
"text": "the lake for extended periods of time. Displeased with his experience from filming, White had his name removed from the credits. As with \"Friday the 13th Part 2\", there was confusion over who performed the role in \"A New Beginning\", partly because Jason is not the literal ant... | who played jason in friday the 13th part 1 |
[
"Pittsburgh Steelers"
] | [
{
"id": "12917335",
"text": "back-and-forth game 31–27, snapping a 4–game losing streak to the Ravens. With nine seconds remaining, Steelers receiver Antonio Brown scored the game's final points by reaching over the goal line in a play nicknamed the \"Immaculate Extension.\" The win secured the AFC North ch... | who won the pittsburgh steeler baltimore raven game |
[
"American singer Joey Scarbury"
] | [
{
"id": "15182754",
"text": "Theme from The Greatest American Hero (Believe It or Not) \"Theme from \"The Greatest American Hero\" (Believe It or Not)\" is a song composed by Mike Post with lyrics by Stephen Geyer, and sung by American singer Joey Scarbury. It serves as the theme song for the 1980s televisi... | who sang the theme from the greatest american hero |
[
"Sonny Bono"
] | [
{
"id": "7358813",
"text": "The Beat Goes On (Sonny & Cher song) \"The Beat Goes On\" is a \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Top 10 hit song written and composed by Sonny Bono and recorded by Sonny & Cher. It was issued as a single and appeared on their 1967 album \"In Case You're in Love.\" It entered the \"Billboard\... | who wrote the song the beat goes on |
[
"England"
] | [
{
"id": "17415178",
"text": "runs for the first wicket, setting a new team record for Twenty20 Internationals. Matthews and Taylor were both dismissed within the final five overs, but Deandra Dottin and Britney Cooper combined to carry the West Indies to victory with three balls remaining. Matthews, who tur... | who won women's cricket world cup 2016 |
[
"Hugo Weaving"
] | [
{
"id": "1466176",
"text": "the Rings\", released between 2001 and 2003. Weaving was the main actor in Andrew Kotatko's award-winning film \"Everything Goes\" (2004). He starred as a heroin-addicted ex-rugby league player in the 2005 Australian indie film \"Little Fish\", opposite Cate Blanchett. Weaving pl... | who played v in the movie v for vendetta |
[
"Roger Federer"
] | [
{
"id": "19972743",
"text": "2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final The 2017 Australian Open Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2017 Australian Open. It was contested between Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, ranked 17th and 9th in the world respec... | who wins the 2017 australian open men's single title |
[
"nine"
] | [
{
"id": "433260",
"text": "of a chief justice, currently John Roberts, and eight associate justices. Among the current members of the Court, Clarence Thomas is the longest-serving justice, with a tenure of days () as of ; the most recent justice to join the court is Brett Kavanaugh, whose tenure began on Oc... | how many judges currently serve on the supreme court |
[
"Semyon Kizimov",
"Riley Stotts",
"Pontus Holmberg",
"Mac Hollowell",
"Zachary Bouthillier",
"Filip Kral",
"Sean Durzi",
"Rasmus Sandin",
"Semyon Der-Arguchintsev"
] | [
{
"id": "785860",
"text": "During the following season, on February 9, 2016, the Leafs packaged Phaneuf in another multi-player deal, acquiring four players, as well as a 2017 2nd-round pick from the Ottawa Senators. The team finished last in the NHL for the first time since the 1984–85 season. They subsequ... | who did the toronto maple leafs draft this year |
[
"Neil Gorsuch"
] | [
{
"id": "19971814",
"text": "Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination After his nomination on January 31, 2017, Neil Gorsuch was confirmed by the Senate on April 7, 2017. Gorsuch, age 49 at confirmation, is the youngest sitting Supreme Court justice since Clarence Thomas. In February 2016, U.S. Supreme Court A... | who is the youngest judge currently sitting on the u.s. supreme court |
[
"Eoghan McDermott"
] | [
{
"id": "20474440",
"text": "Love Island Australia Love Island Australia is an Australian dating reality show based on the British series \"Love Island\". The series is presented by Sophie Monk and narrated by Eoghan McDermott. The series began airing on 9Go! and 9Now on 27 May 2018. The final aired on 5 Ju... | who does the voice for love island australia |
[
"June 6, 2017"
] | [
{
"id": "1208665",
"text": "Special Edition\", as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/large-format is called, was released on two-disc \"Platinum Edition\" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extended IMAX Special Edition with the \"Human Again\... | when did beauty and the beast come out on dvd |
[
"2001"
] | [
{
"id": "20106056",
"text": "In his professional career out in France, Lessort won co-Sixth Man of the Year honors with Matt Howard back with Élan Chalon in 2016 before recently winning the French Basketball Cup and FIBA Europe Cup championships with the Nanterre 92. <noinclude> 2017–18 Philadelphia 76ers s... | when was the last time the 76ers went to the finals |
[
"Jane Taylor"
] | [
{
"id": "422079",
"text": "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star\" is a popular English lullaby. The lyrics are from an early-19th-century English poem by Jane Taylor, \"The Star\". The poem, which is in couplet form, was first published in 1806 in \"Rhymes for the Nursery\", a colle... | who wrote variations on twinkle twinkle little star |
[
"2008"
] | [
{
"id": "15832186",
"text": "company Spook Erection Ltd and displayed at Ingliston Market in Edinburgh. During that period, it was falsely reported destroyed, and repainted several times, including once in tartan, and, in 2001, in shocking pink. Before removal from Edinburgh on the closure of that market in... | when did the king kong ride burn down |
[
"Estelle Harris"
] | [
{
"id": "5691885",
"text": "Estelle Harris Estelle Harris (née Nussbaum; April 4, 1928) is an American actress and comedian. Easily recognized by her distinctive, high-pitched voice, she is best known for her roles as Estelle Costanza on \"Seinfeld\", the voice of Mrs. Potato Head in the \"Toy Story franchi... | who plays mrs. potato head in toy story |
[
"Roger Miller"
] | [
{
"id": "2739820",
"text": "by both male and female singers with only minor changes needed to the lyrical content. Roger Miller was the first artist to record the song and it appeared at No. 12 on the U.S. country chart in 1969. Gordon Lightfoot's version hit No. 13 on the pop music chart and No. 1 country ... | who sang the original me and bobby mcgee |
[
"Jennifer Saunders"
] | [
{
"id": "2805274",
"text": "Shrek 2 Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer-animated, comedy film directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. It is the sequel to 2001's \"Shrek\" and the second installment in the \"Shrek\" film franchise. The film stars Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz,... | who plays the fairy god mother in shrek 2 |
[
"Button",
"Slider",
"Drop-down list",
"List box",
"Spinner"
] | [
{
"id": "157483",
"text": "Graphical user interface The graphical user interface (GUI ) is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or t... | 5 types of control that could be programmed on a gui |
[
"Chelsea Field"
] | [
{
"id": "4174586",
"text": "Reynosa on \"NCIS\". Jacqueline Obradors Jacqueline Danell Obradors (born October 6, 1966) is an American actress. She has appeared in films such as \"Six Days, Seven Nights\" (1998), \"\" (1999), \"Tortilla Soup\" (2001), \"A Man Apart\" (2003) and \"Unstoppable\" (2004). On tel... | who is the actress who plays rita on ncis new orleans |
[
"Official Remix"
] | [
{
"id": "14433403",
"text": "Hello Good Morning \"Hello Good Morning\" is a song by American rapper and producer Diddy and his group Dirty Money, from their debut album, \"Last Train to Paris\". It was released from March 30, 2010 as the album's third single. The electronic dance song incorporates an acid s... | p diddy nicki minaj hello good morning lyrics |
[
"Magnesium"
] | [
{
"id": "12613352",
"text": "can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on. The general formula is that the \"n\"th shell can in principle hold up t... | element whose third shell contains two p electrons |
[
"William Stromberg"
] | [
{
"id": "7100880",
"text": "T. Rowe Price T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. is an American publicly owned global asset management firm that offers funds, advisory services, account management, and retirement plans and services for individuals, institutions, and financial intermediaries. The firm, with assets under ... | who is the ceo of t rowe price |
[
"Linsey Godfrey"
] | [
{
"id": "8391010",
"text": "Joanna Johnson Joanna Johnson (born December 31, 1961 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American actress, writer and producer best known for her roles as Caroline Spencer Forrester (1987–1990, 2000-2001) and her twin sister, Karen Spencer (1991–1994, 2009, 2011–2014) on the CBS daytime ... | who plays caroline on the bold and beautiful |
[
"December 22, 2017"
] | [
{
"id": "18733714",
"text": "2016. On December 24, 2016, the series was renewed for a third season, to be released in 2017. and On December 31, 2016, it was confirmed that the season was given an 18-episode order. Production for the third season began on March 18, 2017, and ended on September 2, 2017. It wa... | when does the second part of season 3 fuller house |
[
"Josephine Tewson"
] | [
{
"id": "808419",
"text": "Wharmby, Thora Hird, Jean Alexander, Stephen Lewis, Dora Bryan, Keith Clifford, Brian Murphy, Josephine Tewson, June Whitfield, Barbara Young, and Trevor Bannister. Other noted guests on the programme included John Cleese, Ron Moody, Sir Norman Wisdom, Eric Sykes, Liz Fraser, Stan... | who played davenport in last of the summer wine |
[
"Jorma Taccone"
] | [
{
"id": "11069951",
"text": "Phillip Paley Phillip Paley (born September 15, 1963) is an American actor possibly best recalled for his role as Cha-Ka in the 1974 American television series \"Land of the Lost\". Born in Los Angeles, California, Paley began his acting career at age ten on the cult children's ... | who plays chaka in land of the lost |
[
"Boris Karloff"
] | [
{
"id": "766816",
"text": "In the mid-1960s, he enjoyed a late-career surge in the United States when he narrated the made-for-television animated film of Dr. Seuss' \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas,\" and also provided the voice of the Grinch, although the song \"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch\" was sung by... | who narrated the original 1966 how the grinch stole christmas |
[
"Democrat"
] | [
{
"id": "3242119",
"text": "Governor of Puerto Rico The Governor of Puerto Rico () is the head of government of Puerto Rico and, by its nature, constitutes the executive branch of the government of the island. He is also the commander-in-chief of the island's military forces, the Puerto Rico National Guard.... | is the governor of puerto rico democratic or republican |
[
"Melanie"
] | [
{
"id": "9071239",
"text": "Brand New Key \"Brand New Key\" is a pop song written and sung by folk music singer Melanie. Initially a track of Melanie's album \"Gather Me\", produced by Melanie's husband, Peter Schekeryk, it was known also as \"The Rollerskate Song\" due to its chorus. It was her greatest su... | i've got a brand new pair of roller skates original artist |
[
"Thomas Joseph Thibodeau Jr."
] | [
{
"id": "803618",
"text": "Latrell Sprewell, Sam Cassell, and Troy Hudson. Coach Flip Saunders was replaced in mid-season by GM Kevin McHale, who took over the team for the rest of the season. The Timberwolves finished 44–38, and missed the playoffs for the first time in eight years, by one game, to the Mem... | who is the head coach of the minnesota timberwolves |
[
"Dylan and Cole Sprouse"
] | [
{
"id": "4828011",
"text": "app. Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14, 2017. \"The Suite Life\" spawned a sequel series, also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody, called \"The Suite Life on Deck\", which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011. A ... | who plays zack and cody in the suite life |
[
"Michael Manning"
] | [
{
"id": "9965378",
"text": "Robert McGladdery Robert Andrew McGladdery (18 October 193520 December 1961) was the last person to be executed in Northern Ireland and the island of Ireland. He was convicted of the murder of Pearl Gamble, aged 19, whom he had battered, strangled and stabbed to death on 28 Janua... | who was the last person executed in ireland |
[
"Epistle to the Galatians"
] | [
{
"id": "5651520",
"text": "Fruit of the Holy Spirit The Fruit of the Holy Spirit is a biblical term that sums up nine attributes of a person or community living in accord with the Holy Spirit, according to chapter 5 of the Epistle to the Galatians: \"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patienc... | where are the fruits of the spirit found in the bible |
[
"15 March 1950"
] | [
{
"id": "4896108",
"text": "Planning Commission (India) The Planning Commission (Hindi: योजना आयोग, \"Yojana Āyog\") was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions. In his first Independence Day speech in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi anno... | when was the planning commission set up to prepare a blue print of development for the country |
[
"Bobby Hurley"
] | [
{
"id": "4833089",
"text": "still earned a bid to the NCAA Tournament and faced Syracuse in a First Four matchup in Dayton. The Orange then beat the Sun Devils 60-56, thus ending their season. Hurley's squad finished 20-12, 8-10 in the Pac-12, his best season so far as the Sun Devils' coach. Bobby Hurley Ro... | who is the coach of arizona state men's basketball |
[
"Suzanne Siegel"
] | [
{
"id": "12286897",
"text": "I Want to Work for Diddy (season 1) I Want To Work For Diddy was a reality show on VH1. Co-executive produced and directed by Mark Jacobs, the 13 contestants are brought together to see who can become Sean Combs' assistant. The show premiered on August 4, 2008. In the end, Suzan... | who won i want to work for diddy |
[
"Sulkin"
] | [
{
"id": "10341922",
"text": "and Catherine Tate. Sulkin also played the role of JJ in the Disney Channel comedy, \"As the Bell Rings\", worked on a CBBC children sci-fi show \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" (spin-off of \"Doctor Who\"), playing Adam in series 3 two-episode story \"The Mad Woman in the Attic\".... | who played mason on wizards of waverly place |
[
"In leaves"
] | [
{
"id": "4544906",
"text": "Mesophyte Mesophytes are terrestrial plants which are neither adapted to particularly dry nor particularly wet environments. An example of a mesophytic habitat would be a rural temperate meadow, which might contain goldenrod, clover, oxeye daisy, and \"Rosa multiflora\". Mesophyt... | where is the mesophyll located in a plant |
[
"Jakob Fugger"
] | [
{
"id": "1563318",
"text": "private citizen had ever been able to accumulate by his own efforts.\" By the time of his death in 1937, Rockefeller's remaining fortune, largely tied up in permanent family trusts, was estimated at $1.4 billion, while the total national GDP was $92 billion. According to some met... | who was the richest person in us history adjusted for inflation |
[
"Miloš Forman"
] | [
{
"id": "13134129",
"text": "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Miloš Forman, based on the 1962 novel \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" by Ken Kesey. The film stars Jack Nicholson, and features a supporting cast of Louise... | who directed one flew over the cuckoos nest |
[
"Steven Robert Weber"
] | [
{
"id": "6815055",
"text": "Steven Weber (actor) Steven Robert Weber (born March 4, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Brian Hackett on the television show \"Wings\" which aired from April 1990 to May 1997 on NBC and as Sam Blue in \"Once and Again\". He had a recurring role on \"i... | who plays mayor hamilton on ncis new orleans |
[
"American southern rock group Rehab"
] | [
{
"id": "10107821",
"text": "Bartender (T-Pain song) \"Bartender\" is an R&B/hip-hop song by T-Pain, Co-written by Ali Noordin and the official second single from his second album, \"Epiphany\". The song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on the issue date of June 16, 2007 at #97 and peaked at #5, m... | who sings bartender i really did it this time |
[
"Minnesota Vikings"
] | [
{
"id": "19119352",
"text": "a 43-yard field goal with 22 seconds left in the game. On the final drive for the Jaguars, Tavon Wilson intercepted a pass from Bortles, sealing the Lions 26–19 victory. The Lions became the first team in NFL history to have its first ten games of a season all decided by seven o... | who did the lions play on thanksgiving last year |
[
"Phoenix Mills Limited"
] | [
{
"id": "19186180",
"text": "Adidas, Puma, Zara, Nike, Jack&Jones Tommy Hilfiger etc. The mall also consists of Reliance Trends, Reliance Digital and others Phoenix Marketcity (Pune) Phoenix Market City is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Pune, Maharashtra. It was opened in Janu... | who is the owner of phoenix mall pune |
[
"332"
] | [
{
"id": "13875769",
"text": "has the postal code 900001, Ikeja HO in Lagos has 100001, Lokoja in Kogi has 270001 and Port Harcourt has 500001. The lowest postcode is 100001 and the highest is 982002.in addition here are some postal code for some state in Nigeria, ENUGU 400001, Imo 460001 2. Complete List of... | what is the postal code for warri nigeria |
[
"John Shanks",
"Keith Urban"
] | [
{
"id": "10888130",
"text": "Somebody Like You \"Somebody Like You\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in July 2002 as the first single from his 2002 album \"Golden Road\". The song became Urban's second number one hit on the US \"Billboard\" H... | who wrote somebody like you by keith urban |
[
"2018"
] | [
{
"id": "19402774",
"text": "March Madness (song) \"March Madness\" is a song recorded by American rapper Future. It was released on August 31, 2015, as the lead single of his mixtape \"56 Nights\" (2015). The song was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on May 26, 201... | when was the last time loyola made march madness |
[
"James Dornan"
] | [
{
"id": "19323012",
"text": "James' husband, Niall Leonard, would write the script for the sequel. Leonard also went on to write the script for the third film. The casting for the lead roles was considered controversial. Many contenders considered for the film included Ryan Gosling, Garrett Hedlund, Theo Ja... | who plays christian grey in 50 shades of grey |
[
"late 14th-century"
] | [
{
"id": "391743",
"text": "of Henry Savile in Yorkshire. Little is known about its previous ownership, and until 1824, when the manuscript was introduced to the academic community in a second edition of Thomas Warton's \"History\" edited by Richard Price, it was almost entirely unknown. Even then, the \"Gaw... | where was sir gawain and the green knight written |
[
"1941"
] | [
{
"id": "703915",
"text": "military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Mal... | in what year did japan attack pearl harbor |
[
"January 1982"
] | [
{
"id": "10586915",
"text": "A Country Boy Can Survive \"A Country Boy Can Survive\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. The song was released as a single in January 1982 and reached a peak of number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles charts in March 198... | when did country boy can survive come out |
[
"2003"
] | [
{
"id": "274478",
"text": "won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a \"three-peat\". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball before the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season, and started a new career in Minor League Baseball,... | when did michael jordan retired from basketball for good |
[
"rest cure"
] | [
{
"id": "3853448",
"text": "to deflect blame to protect Gilman's daughter Katharine and her step-mother, Gilman's friend Grace Channing. Anglican Archbishop Peter Carnley used the story as a reference and a metaphor for the situation of women in the church in his sermon at the ordination of the first women ... | the story idea for the yellow wallpaper was based on a civil war treatment called |
[
"May 28, 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "19312254",
"text": "Six (TV series) Six (stylized as SIX) is an American television drama series. The series was ordered by the History channel with an eight-episode initial order. The first two episodes were directed by Lesli Linka Glatter. \"Six\" premiered on January 18, 2017. \"Six\" was renewe... | when is the show six coming back on |
[
"in the early 2nd century"
] | [
{
"id": "93749",
"text": "use of the term \"Catholic Christian\" exclusively to those who followed the same faith as Pope Damasus I of Rome and Pope Peter of Alexandria. Numerous other early writers including Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 315–386), Augustine of Hippo (354–430) further developed the use of the term... | when was the first time the word catholic was used |
[
"5,100"
] | [
{
"id": "8834033",
"text": "O'Reilly Auto Parts O’Reilly Auto Parts is an American auto parts retailer that provides automotive aftermarket parts, tools, supplies, equipment, and accessories in the United States serving both the professional service providers and do-it-yourself customers. Founded in 1957 by... | how many o'reilly auto parts stores are there |
[
"October 2, 2017"
] | [
{
"id": "20152594",
"text": "at ABC after a previous attempted series did not move forward at CBS Television Studios in 2015; \"The Good Doctor\" was ordered to series in May 2017. On October 3, 2017, ABC picked up the series for a full season of 18 episodes. The series is primarily filmed in Vancouver, Bri... | the good doctor season 1 episode 2 air date |
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