Datasets:

xlth
/

CRED-1

domain string	category string	credibility_score float64	sources int64	iffy_factual string	iffy_bias string	iffy_score float64	tranco_rank float64	domain_age_years float64	domain_registered string	factcheck_claims float64	safe_browsing_flagged bool	score_cat float64	score_iffy float64	score_tranco float64	score_age float64	score_factcheck float64	score_safebrowsing float64
100percentfedup.com	mixed	0.173	2	L	FN	0.1	200,698	14	2012-03-13T15:59:26Z	null	null	0.2	0.1	0.35	0.2	0.2	0.2
10news.one	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	null	null	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
12minutos.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	18.2	2008-01-13T13:49:04Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
163.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	418	28.5	1997-09-15T04:00:00Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
16wmpo.com	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	8	2018-03-03T19:22:21Z	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
1tv.ru	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	5,675	null	null	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
2020conservative.com	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	FN	0	null	6.5	2019-10-03T19:08:20Z	0	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
2020electioncenter.com	unreliable	0.08	1	VL	CP	0	null	1.3	2024-11-12T19:45:24Z	null	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
21stcenturywire.com	conspiracy	0.118	2	M	CP	0.2	160,048	16.4	2009-11-03T10:46:36Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
24jours.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	8.5	2017-09-25T14:00:15Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
24newsflash.com	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
24wpn.com	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	2.8	2023-05-15T04:57:03Z	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
365usanews.com	mixed	0.18	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
369news.net	unreliable	0.105	1	M	CP	0.2	null	10.4	2015-10-22T13:25:17Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
4chan.org	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	FN	0	5,659	22.1	2004-02-14T15:46:26.388Z	null	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
4threvolutionarywar.wordpress.com	mixed	0.18	1	null	null	null	null	26	2000-03-03T12:13:23Z	null	null	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
70news.wordpress.com	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	26	2000-03-03T12:13:23Z	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
79days.news	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	CP	0	null	5.4	2020-11-04T16:38:23.137Z	null	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
82.221.129.208	conspiracy	0.09	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
911truth.org	unreliable	0.103	1	L	CP	0.1	386,282	23.2	2003-01-14T03:26:01.739Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
9gag.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	5,519	17.9	2008-04-12T06:20:03Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
aanirfan.blogspot.co.uk	unreliable	0.09	1	null	null	null	null	16.6	2009-08-02T18:43:53Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
aapsonline.org	unreliable	0.103	1	L	FN	0.1	188,495	27.4	1998-10-27T05:00:00.281Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
aattp.org	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	5.1	2021-02-19T14:30:10.325Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
abcbusinessnews.com	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	FN	0	null	18.5	2007-09-19T00:13:26Z	null	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
abcnews.com.co	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
abcnewsgo.co	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
abeldanger.net	conspiracy	0.095	1	null	null	null	null	1.6	2024-07-30T18:17:23Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
abovetopsecret.com	conspiracy	0.095	2	L	CP	0.1	56,554	28.8	1997-05-18T04:00:00Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
abqtimes.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	6.5	2019-09-04T20:54:47Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
abriluno.com	satire	0.27	1	null	null	null	null	12.2	2014-01-14T18:07:09Z	null	null	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
acallforanuprising.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	CP	0.1	null	11.1	2015-02-09	0	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
aceflashman.wordpress.com	satire	0.27	1	null	null	null	null	26	2000-03-03T12:13:23Z	null	null	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
acpeds.org	unreliable	0.103	1	L	FN	0.1	250,903	23.5	2002-09-10T13:47:41.913Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
actforamerica.org/news	unreliable	0.135	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15
acting-man.com	unreliable	0.105	2	M	FN	0.2	null	21.2	2005-01-06T12:12:24Z	0	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
actionnews3.com	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	FN	0	null	10.5	2015-09-25T19:41:03Z	null	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
activistpost.com	conspiracy	0.095	2	L	CP	0.1	76,616	15.9	2010-04-23T22:20:54Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
actualidadpanamericana.com	satire	0.27	1	null	null	null	null	12.2	2014-01-05T22:48:14Z	null	null	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
adamscountytimes.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	6.5	2019-09-04T20:54:35Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
adareporter.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	6.5	2019-09-04T20:54:35Z	0	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
addictinginfo.org	unreliable	0.188	1	null	null	null	304,049	15.5	2010-09-05T20:33:25.592Z	null	null	0.2	0.2	0.35	0.2	0.2	0.2
adflegal.org	unreliable	0.095	1	L	FN	0.1	89,616	15.2	2011-01-11T16:27:08.232Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
adflegal.org/media	unreliable	0.135	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15
adobochronicles.com	satire	0.273	1	null	null	null	930,520	12.7	2013-06-25T20:40:31Z	null	null	0.3	0.3	0.35	0.3	0.3	0.3
advocate.com	mixed	0.18	1	null	null	null	19,622	31.7	1994-07-14T04:00:00Z	null	null	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
ae911truth.org	unreliable	0.118	1	M	CP	0.2	149,480	19.5	2006-09-21T21:39:26.298Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
afa.net	unreliable	0.103	1	L	FN	0.1	132,938	29.4	1996-10-06T04:00:00Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
aflegal.org	unreliable	0.103	1	L	FN	0.1	299,974	5.1	2021-02-04T12:41:29.989Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
afn.net	unreliable	0.103	1	L	FN	0.1	423,129	29.2	1997-01-18T05:00:00Z	0	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
africanexponent.com	unreliable	0.118	1	M	FN	0.2	347,400	10.8	2015-06-13T15:16:45Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
aguascalientesdailypost.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	5.4	2020-10-08T21:27:38Z	0	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
aheadoftheherd.com	mixed	0.18	1	null	null	null	null	19.6	2006-08-21T15:17:51Z	null	null	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
ahtribune.com	unreliable	0.103	1	null	null	null	922,871	10.6	2015-08-23T08:08:39Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
aim4truth.org	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	CP	0	null	9.1	2017-02-01T20:32:52.172Z	null	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
akronreporter.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	6.7	2019-06-30T20:46:41Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
albanystandard.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	6.5	2019-09-05T20:13:25Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
albawaba.com	unreliable	0.11	1	M	FN	0.2	31,817	26.8	1999-05-25T13:31:10Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
alexanderhiggins.com	unreliable	0.118	1	M	CP	0.2	985,879	20	2006-03-11T04:20:32Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
allianceforadvancedhealth.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	CP	0.2	null	9.4	2016-11-03T21:30:55Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
allnewspipeline.com	unreliable	0.103	2	L	FN	0.1	586,897	11.7	2014-07-07T22:12:15Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
alohastatenews.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	6.5	2019-09-04T20:54:37Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
alphanews.org	unreliable	0.103	1	L	FN	0.1	156,801	7.3	2018-12-10T16:47:51.968Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
alphanewsmn.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	11.1	2015-02-23T17:56:10Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
alt-market.com	conspiracy	0.103	1	null	null	null	707,148	15.2	2010-12-19T22:40:11Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
altermedzentrum.com	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	CP	0	null	2.1	2024-01-22T03:25:37Z	null	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
alternativemediasyndicate.com	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	12.1	2014-01-23T02:33:27Z	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
alternativenews.com	unreliable	0.103	1	L	CP	0.1	654,556	29.2	1996-12-19T05:00:00Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
alternet.org	mixed	0.18	1	null	null	null	12,192	31.3	1994-12-07T05:00:00Z	null	null	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
althealthworks.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	CP	0.1	null	13.6	2012-08-14T04:08:12Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
altleft.news	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	CP	0	null	8.6	2017-08-18T18:42:39.55Z	0	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
altrighttv.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	9.6	2016-08-27T23:08:56Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
america.cgtn.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	23.3	2002-11-15T06:47:52Z	0	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americablog.com	mixed	0.188	1	null	null	null	246,590	23.6	2002-08-01T07:55:57Z	null	null	0.2	0.2	0.35	0.2	0.2	0.2
americanactionnews.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	12.6	2013-08-07T15:47:28Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanborderpatrol.com	unreliable	0.135	1	null	null	null	null	23.8	2002-06-03T22:59:09Z	null	null	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15
americancatholictribune.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	6.2	2019-12-23T15:57:23Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanconservativemovement.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	9.8	2016-06-03T05:37:19Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americandigitalnews.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	CP	0.2	null	8.8	2017-06-01T21:32:13Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanfreepress.net	conspiracy	0.103	2	L	CP	0.1	198,426	24.6	2001-08-02T14:44:55Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1
americangulag.org	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	FN	0	null	4.6	2021-08-27T16:26:13.096Z	null	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanjournalreview.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	10.5	2015-09-23T16:16:43Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americankabuki.blogspot.com	unreliable	0.18	1	null	null	null	null	25.6	2000-07-31T21:38:58Z	null	null	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
americanlibertyemail.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	8.1	2018-02-17T19:01:07Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanlookout.com	mixed	0.165	2	L	FN	0.1	null	9.9	2016-05-10T18:05:45Z	null	null	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
americannews.com	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	24	2002-03-22T04:59:24Z	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
americannewsx.com	mixed	0.18	1	null	null	null	null	11.5	2014-09-10T00:00:17Z	null	null	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
americanoverlook.com	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	12.9	2013-05-03T14:04:38Z	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
americanpartisan.org	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	7.9	2018-04-09T12:42:12.983Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanpatriotdaily.com	mixed	0.165	2	L	FN	0.1	null	10.8	2015-06-01T18:39:28Z	null	null	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
americanpeopledaily.com	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	8.2	2017-12-23T17:21:37Z	0	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanpharmacynews.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	12.9	2013-04-25T01:54:07Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanpolicy.org	unreliable	0.09	1	L	CP	0.1	null	28.8	1997-05-28T04:00:00.663Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanpoliticnews.co	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
americanpresident.co	fake	0.045	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
americanprinciplesproject.org	unreliable	0.09	1	L	FN	0.1	null	17	2009-03-30T15:27:59.573Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americanprogress.org	mixed	0.18	1	null	null	null	11,116	23.1	2003-02-01T16:44:23.302Z	0	null	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
americanreviewer.com	conspiracy	0.095	1	null	null	null	null	0.9	2025-04-19T12:19:34Z	null	null	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
americansecuritynews.com	unreliable	0.105	1	M	FN	0.2	null	10.8	2015-06-05T19:25:20Z	null	null	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
americansfortruth.com	unreliable	0.075	1	VL	FN	0	null	28.1	1998-02-17T05:00:00Z	null	null	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

CRED-1: Open Multi-Signal Domain Credibility Dataset

CRED-1 is an open, reproducible domain-level credibility dataset combining multiple openly-licensed source lists with computed enrichment signals. It provides credibility scores for 2,672 domains known to publish mis/disinformation, conspiracy theories, or other unreliable content.

Key Features

2,672 domains with credibility scores (0.0 to 1.0)
Fully reproducible Python pipeline rebuilds the dataset from scratch (see GitHub repo)
Multi-signal scoring combining source labels, domain age, web popularity, fact-check frequency, and threat intelligence
Privacy-preserving designed for on-device client-side deployment (no server calls needed)
Two openly-licensed sources, no proprietary data dependencies

Quick Start

Load with `datasets`

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("xlth/CRED-1")
print(ds["train"][0])
# {'domain': '100percentfedup.com', 'category': 'mixed', 'credibility_score': 0.173, ...}

Lookup a domain

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("xlth/CRED-1", split="train")
lookup = {row["domain"]: row for row in ds}

domain = "infowars.com"
if domain in lookup:
    print(f"{domain}: credibility = {lookup[domain]['credibility_score']}")
else:
    print(f"{domain}: not in dataset (treat as neutral)")

Dataset Schema

Field	Type	Description
`domain`	string	Domain name (lowercase, no scheme)
`category`	string	Category from source lists (e.g. `fake`, `conspiracy`, `unreliable`, `mixed`, `clickbait`)
`credibility_score`	float	Aggregated credibility score (0.0 = least credible, 1.0 = most credible)
`sources`	int	Number of source lists the domain appears in
`iffy_factual`	string	Factual reporting rating from Iffy.news (VL, L, M, H, VH)
`iffy_bias`	string	Bias rating from Iffy.news (e.g. FN = fake news, CP = conspiracy)
`iffy_score`	float	Normalized Iffy score
`tranco_rank`	int	Tranco web popularity rank (1 = most popular)
`domain_age_years`	float	Age of the domain in years
`domain_registered`	string	ISO 8601 registration date
`factcheck_claims`	int	Count of fact-check claims targeting this domain
`safe_browsing_flagged`	bool	Whether Google Safe Browsing flagged this domain
`score_*`	float	Individual signal contributions to the aggregate score

Full schema in CODEBOOK.md.

Files

cred1_current.csv (~250 KB): Full dataset, recommended for load_dataset and the dataset viewer
cred1_current.json (~1 MB): Same data as nested JSON with domain as key
cred1_compact.json (~170 KB): Minimal {domain: score} mapping for lightweight on-device lookups
CODEBOOK.md: Field definitions, scoring methodology, source provenance
figures/: Project banner

Intended Use

CRED-1 is designed for:

Browser extensions and on-device clients that need fast, offline domain credibility lookups
Research on misinformation detection, news verification, and platform governance
Pre-bunking pipelines that flag suspicious sources before users engage
Educational and digital-literacy tooling

Limitations

Coverage is concentrated on English-language misinformation sources
The dataset captures domains, not individual articles; legitimate journalism on otherwise unreliable domains is not distinguished
Source lists carry their own biases; consult CODEBOOK.md for provenance

Citation

Canonical citation (Zenodo DOI for this dataset):

@dataset{loth_cred1_2026,
  author       = {Loth, Alexander and Kappes, Martin and Pahl, Marc-Oliver},
  title        = {{CRED-1}: An Open Multi-Signal Domain Credibility Dataset},
  year         = 2026,
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  version      = {v1.0},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.18769460},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18769460}
}

Accompanying preprint:

@article{loth_cred1_preprint_2026,
  author  = {Loth, Alexander and Kappes, Martin and Pahl, Marc-Oliver},
  title   = {{CRED-1}: An Open Multi-Signal Domain Credibility Dataset for Automated Pre-Bunking of Online Misinformation},
  year    = 2026,
  journal = {SSRN Preprint},
  doi     = {10.2139/ssrn.6448466},
  url     = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=6448466}
}