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coraltext-hard-corals-text-traits-for-embedding

species stringlengths 9 47	genus stringclasses 251 values	family stringclasses 37 values	worms_aphia_id int64 118k 1.85M	gbif_key int64 2.26M 12.2M	quality stringclasses 2 values	growth_form stringclasses 12 values	coloniality stringclasses 3 values	zooxanthellate stringclasses 3 values	depth_lower_m float64 2 1.22k ⌀	depth_upper_m float64 0 50 ⌀	geographical_region stringclasses 6 values	text stringlengths 41 21.9k ⌀	text_source stringclasses 3 values	text_richness int64 0 5
Acropora abrolhosensis	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,182	5,184,631	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	18	2	Indian Ocean	Acropora abrolhosensis is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by John Veron in 1985. Found in sheltered lagoons and shallow reefs, it is listed as a endangered species on the IUCN Red List. The population of the species is decreasing, and most specimens are found in Western Australia, but occurs in ma...	wikipedia	5
Acropora abrotanoides	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,083	5,711,922	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	15	0	Indian Ocean	Acropora abrotanoides is a species of acroporid coral found in Indo-Pacific waters from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden east to the East China Sea, Japan, the central Pacific Ocean and Australia. It is found in shallow coral reefs that are exposed to the action of strong waves, at depths up to 15 m. It is vulnerable t...	wikipedia	5
Acropora aculeus	Acropora	Acroporidae	206,991	5,184,621	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	35	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora aculeus is a species of acroporid corals found throughout the Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, south-eastern Asia, Japan and the East China Sea. It is also present in the western Pacific Ocean. It is an uncommon species and is particularly prone to coral bleaching, disease, and crown-of-thorn...	wikipedia	5
Acropora acuminata	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,020	5,184,609	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora acuminata is a species of acroporid coral found in Australia, the Red Sea, the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, the northern Indian Ocean, the East China Sea, southeast Asia, and the western Pacific Ocean. It is particularly susceptible to coral bleaching, the crown-of-thorns sea star (Acanthaster planci), and har...	wikipedia	4
Acropora aduncata	Acropora	Acroporidae	1,317,999	10,270,503	accepted	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	none	0
Acropora anthocercis	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,024	5,184,585	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	10	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora anthocercis is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by G. Brook in 1893. Found on the top slopes of reefs, it is often in contact with strong waves. The species is rated as endangered on the IUCN Red List, with a decreasing population covering a large range, but is abundant in some areas such ...	wikipedia	5
Acropora arabensis	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,184	5,184,695	accepted	digitate	colonial	zooxanthellate	12	0.5	Indian Ocean	Acropora arabensis is a species of acroporid coral native to the Indian Ocean and was originally described by Gregor Hodgson and Kent Carpenter in 1995. It is a locally common species usually found in upper reef slopes and lagoons, most commonly between 3 and 5 m depth. Like other species in the Acropora genus, it is s...	wikipedia	4
Acropora arafura	Acropora	Acroporidae	741,331	7,910,078	accepted	branching_closed	null	zooxanthellate	null	null	null	A densely branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate).	ctd_traits	2
Acropora aspera	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,011	5,184,684	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	5	0	Indian Ocean	Acropora aspera is a species of staghorn coral in the family Acroporidae. It is found on reef flats and in lagoons in very shallow water in the western Indo-Pacific Ocean. == Description == Acropora aspera is a scantily branching, colonial coral forming low clumps. The individual branches are slender and only taper tow...	wikipedia	5
Acropora austera	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,052	2,259,876	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	0.5	Indian Ocean	Acropora austera is a species of Acropora coral found in the Indo-Pacific. A. austera are fast-growing that are dispersed in ocean currents. == References == == External links == Media related to Acropora austera at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Acropora austera at Wikispecies	wikipedia	2
Acropora awi	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,185	5,184,662	accepted	hispidose	colonial	zooxanthellate	5	0	Indian Ocean	Acropora awi is a species of acroporid coral that was described by Wallace and Wolstenholme in 1998. Found in fringing reefs, the slopes of shallow reefs, and sandy slopes, it occurs in a marine environment. The species is rated as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, with a decreasing population, and is easily damaged. It...	wikipedia	5
Acropora batunai	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,187	5,184,639	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	45	1	Western and Central Pacific	Acropora batunai is a species of acroporid coral that was described by Carden Wallace in 1997. Found in protected, shallow reefs, it occurs in a marine environment at depths of up to 44 m (144 ft). The species is rated as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with a decreasing population, and is extremely fragile. It can be...	wikipedia	5
Acropora branchi	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,102	5,184,628	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	null	null	Indian Ocean	A colonial table or plate-like coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	4
Acropora bushyensis	Acropora	Acroporidae	206,999	5,184,606	accepted	digitate	colonial	zooxanthellate	5	0	Indian Ocean	A colonial digitate coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 0–5 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora capillaris	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,013	5,720,646	accepted	null	null	null	null	null	null	Acropora capillaris is a species of acroporid coral found in the Red Sea. == References ==	wikipedia	1
Acropora cardenae	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,188	5,184,595	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	57.5	null	Western and Central Pacific	A colonial openly branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 58 m, occurring in the Western and Central Pacific.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora carduus	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,189	5,184,572	accepted	hispidose	colonial	zooxanthellate	50	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora carduus is a species of acroporid coral found in the northern Indian Ocean and the central Indo-Pacific. == References ==	wikipedia	1
Acropora caroliniana	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,190	5,184,705	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	10	Indian Ocean	Acropora caroliniana is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Nemenzo in 1976. Found in tropical, shallow reef slopes, it occurs at depths of 5 to 25 m (16 to 82 ft) in a marine environment. The species is rated as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with a decreasing population. It is rare, but has bee...	wikipedia	5
Acropora cerealis	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,016	5,184,692	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora cerealis is a species of acroporid coral found throughout the Indian and Pacific oceans, from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the Hawaiian Islands and the Johnston Atoll. It can be found on upper reef slopes in shallow tropical reefs, from depths of 3–20 m. Crown-of-thorns starfish preferentially prey upon...	wikipedia	4
Acropora cervicornis	Acropora	Acroporidae	206,989	5,184,681	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	60	0.5	Western Atlantic	The staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) is a branching, stony coral, within the Order Scleractinia. It is characterized by thick, upright branches which can grow in excess of 2 meters (6.5 ft) in height and resemble the antlers of a stag, hence the name, Staghorn. It grows within various areas of a reef but is most c...	wikipedia	5
Acropora chesterfieldensis	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,191	5,184,671	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	3	Western and Central Pacific	A colonial densely branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 3–20 m, occurring in the Western and Central Pacific.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora clathrata	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,075	5,184,659	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	30	3.5	Indian Ocean	Acropora clathrata, commonly known as lattice table coral is a species of stony corals belonging to the family Acroporidae. They are a zooxanthellate coral, which are generally found in fringing reefs, sheltered reefs and back reef habitats, between the depths of 5–40 m (16–131 ft). Its size varies according to the dep...	wikipedia	4
Acropora cytherea	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,095	5,184,592	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora cytherea is a stony coral which forms horizontal table like structures. It occurs in the Indo-Pacific Ocean in areas with little wave action, favouring back reef environments from 3 to 20 m (10 to 66 ft) depth. == Description == Acropora cytherea is a colonial species of coral that grows in large horizontal pl...	wikipedia	5
Acropora dendrum	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,195	5,184,569	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora dendrum is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Bassett-Smith in 1890. Found in tropical, shallow reefs in areas of powerful waves at depths of 5 to 20 m (16 to 66 ft), it is threatened by disease. The species is rated as endangered on the IUCN Red List, with a decreasing population. It is ...	wikipedia	5
Acropora derawanensis	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,196	5,184,702	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	10	Western and Central Pacific	Acropora derawanensis is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Carden Wallace in 1997. Found in tropical, shallow reefs sheltered from the waves in a marine environment, it is found at depths of 10 to 25 m (33 to 82 ft) on reef slopes. The species is rated as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with a d...	wikipedia	5
Acropora desalwii	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,197	5,184,690	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	30	10	Western and Central Pacific	Acropora desalwii is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Dr Carden Wallace in 1994. Found in sheltered, tropical, shallow reefs, mainly on the slopes, this species is generally found at depths below 15 metres (49 feet), but this can be as low as 30 metres (98 feet). The species is rated as vulnerab...	wikipedia	5
Acropora digitifera	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,045	2,259,883	accepted	digitate	colonial	zooxanthellate	12	0	Indian Ocean	Acropora digitifera is a species of acroporid coral found in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, Australia, Southeast Asia, the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, the west Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea. It is found in shallow areas of tropical reefs in the back margins, from depths ...	wikipedia	4
Acropora divaricata	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,106	5,184,668	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	5	Indian Ocean	A colonial table or plate-like coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 5–25 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora donei	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,198	5,184,656	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora donei is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by J. Veron and Carden Wallace in 1984. Found in fringing reefs and the upper slopes of shallow reefs, it occurs at depths of 5 to 20 m (16 to 66 ft). The species is rated as endangered on the IUCN Red List, with a decreasing population, and is aff...	wikipedia	5
Acropora downingi	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,199	5,184,645	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	10	1	Indian Ocean	Acropora downingi is a species of coral in the family Acroporidae. It is native to the northwest Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden, and the western coasts of the Arabian Sea, as well as Socotra and around Ste. Anne Island in the Seychelles. It is found at depths of 1–15 m (3–49 ft) but is ...	wikipedia	3
Acropora echinata	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,069	5,184,635	resolved_synonym	hispidose	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	8	Indian Ocean	Acropora echinata is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by James Dwight Dana in 1846. Found in shallow, tropical, sheltered reefs in marine environments, it is found at depths of 8 to 25 m (26 to 82 ft) in clear water. The species is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List, and has a decreasing pop...	wikipedia	5
Acropora eibli	Acropora	Acroporidae	751,717	7,459,129	accepted	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	none	0
Acropora elegans	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,200	5,184,613	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	60	30	Western and Central Pacific	Acropora elegans is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Henri Milne-Edwards in 1860. Found in sheltered, sloping reefs, this species occurs at 30 to 60 m (98 to 197 ft) depth. The species is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List, and has a decreasing population. It is not common and has a sm...	wikipedia	5
Acropora elseyi	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,113	5,184,590	accepted	hispidose	colonial	zooxanthellate	31	2.5	Indian Ocean	A colonial hispidose coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 2–31 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora eurystoma	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,108	5,184,579	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	26	5	Indian Ocean	A colonial corymbose coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 5–26 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora exquisita	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,202	5,184,711	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	2	Indian Ocean	A colonial densely branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 2–20 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora fastigata	Acropora	Acroporidae	430,644	5,784,787	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	2	Indian Ocean	A colonial densely branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 2–20 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora fenneri	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,203	5,184,700	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	null	null	Indian Ocean	A colonial openly branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	4
Acropora filiformis	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,204	5,184,688	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	8	Western and Central Pacific	A colonial openly branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 8–20 m, occurring in the Western and Central Pacific.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora florida	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,058	5,184,677	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	30	5	Indian Ocean	The branch coral (Acropora florida) is a species of acroporid coral found in the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan and the East China Sea, Cook Islands and the oceanic west Pacific Ocean. It can be found in shallow reefs on the reef tops, walls and slopes to...	wikipedia	4
Acropora gemmifera	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,097	5,184,654	accepted	digitate	colonial	zooxanthellate	15	1	Indian Ocean	Acropora gemmifera is a species of acroporid coral found in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the central Indo-Pacific, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, southeastern Asia, Australia, the East China Sea, Japan, the oceanic central and western Pacific Ocean, and northwestern Hawaiʻi. It occurs on exposed upper reef ...	wikipedia	4
Acropora glauca	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,017	5,184,633	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	5	Indian Ocean	A colonial table or plate-like coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 5–20 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora globiceps	Acropora	Acroporidae	430,645	5,784,792	accepted	digitate	colonial	zooxanthellate	8	0	Indian Ocean	Acropora globiceps is a species of acroporid coral found in the oceanic central and western Pacific Ocean and central Indo-Pacific. It can also be found in the Great Barrier Reef, the Philippines, the Andaman Islands, Polynesia, Micronesia and the Pitcairn Islands. It occurs on the slopes of reefs, the flats of reefs, ...	wikipedia	4
Acropora gomezi	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,205	5,184,623	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	null	null	Indian Ocean	A colonial openly branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	4
Acropora grandis	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,031	5,184,612	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora grandis is a species of colonial stony coral. It is a large species with multiple branches forming a bush-like structure and is found on reefs and in lagoons. It is native to the tropical western Indo-Pacific and has a range extending from East Africa to the east coast of Australia. == Description == Acropora ...	wikipedia	5
Acropora granulosa	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,093	5,184,601	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	50	20	Indian Ocean	Acropora granulosa is a species of acroporid coral found in the northern and southwest Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, Australia, the East China Sea, Japan, the oceanic central and western Pacific Ocean, and the central Indo-Pacific. It occurs in tropical shallow reefs, from depths of between 8 and 40 metres (26 and 131 ft)...	wikipedia	4
Acropora halmaherae	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,206	5,184,588	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	10	Western and Central Pacific	A colonial openly branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 10–20 m, occurring in the Western and Central Pacific.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora hemprichii	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,207	5,184,577	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	15	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora hemprichii is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1834. It lives in reefs at depths of 3 to 15 m (9.8 to 49.2 ft) for between 13 and 24 years. The species is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List, and has a decreasing population. It is common with a wid...	wikipedia	5
Acropora hoeksemai	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,208	5,184,709	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	8	Indian Ocean	Acropora hoeksemai is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Dr. Carden Wallace in 1997. Found in shallow reefs in a marine environment, it is found at depths of 8 to 20 m (26 to 66 ft). It is listed as a endangered species on the IUCN Red List, and has a decreasing population. It is common, listed on...	wikipedia	5
Acropora horrida	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,006	5,184,698	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora horrida is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by James Dwight Dana in 1846. Found in tropical, shallow reefs in marine environments, it occurs near fringing reefs around turbid water, at depths of 5 to 20 m (16 to 66 ft). It is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, and it is t...	wikipedia	5
Acropora humilis	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,094	5,184,686	accepted	digitate	colonial	zooxanthellate	11	0	Indian Ocean	Acropora humilis, also known as finger coral, is a species of acroporid coral found in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the northern and southwestern Indian Ocean, Australia, the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, southeast Asia, the East China Sea, the central and western Pacific Ocean, the Johnston Atoll and the northwestern...	wikipedia	5
Acropora hyacinthus	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,044	5,184,675	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora hyacinthus is a species of Acropora described from a specimen collected in Fiji by James Dwight Dana in 1846. It was thought to have a range that includes the Indian Ocean, the Indo-Pacific waters, southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the western Pacific Ocean, but has recently been shown to be restri...	wikipedia	5
Acropora indonesia	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,210	5,184,642	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	10	Western and Central Pacific	Acropora indonesia is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Dr Carden Wallace in 1997. Found in marine, tropical, shallow reefs in sheltered flat locations or gentle slopes, it occurs at depths of 10 to 20 m (33 to 66 ft). It is listed as a endangered species on the IUCN Red List, and it is thought t...	wikipedia	5
Acropora intermedia	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,035	5,184,622	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	5	Indian Ocean	A colonial openly branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 5–25 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora jacquelineae	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,212	5,184,610	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	35	10	Indian Ocean	Acropora jacquelineae is a species of acroporid coral found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the central and western Pacific Ocean. It can be found offshore of Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Samoan Islands, and the Solomon Islands. It occurs in tropical shallow reefs on reef slopes and flats in subtidal area...	wikipedia	4
Acropora japonica	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,213	5,184,599	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	8	1	Western and Central Pacific	A colonial table or plate-like coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 1–8 m, occurring in the Western and Central Pacific.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora kimbeensis	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,214	5,184,586	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	15	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora kimbeensis is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Dr. Carden Wallace in 1999. Found in marine, tropical, shallow reefs usually at depths of 3 to 12 m (9.8 to 39.4 ft), but can occur as low as 15 m (49 ft). It is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, and it is thought to have...	wikipedia	5
Acropora kirstyae	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,215	5,184,575	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	10	Western and Central Pacific	Acropora kirstyae is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Jen Veron and C. C. Wallace in 1984. Found in marine, tropical, shallow reefs in sheltered areas usually at depths of 10 to 25 m (33 to 82 ft), and also occurs in sheltered lagoons. It is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, a...	wikipedia	5
Acropora kosurini	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,216	5,184,707	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	8	Indian Ocean	Acropora kosurini is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by C. C. Wallace in 1994. Found in marine, shallow reefs, it occurs at depths of 8 to 20 m (26 to 66 ft). It is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, and it is believed to have a decreasing population. It is rare but found over a ...	wikipedia	5
Acropora lamarcki	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,217	5,184,696	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	15	2	Indian Ocean	A colonial table or plate-like coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 2–15 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora latistella	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,039	5,184,673	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora latistella is a species of Acropora polyp coral found in tropical reefs in the Indo-Pacific Ocean from depths ranging from 3 – 20 meters. == References == == External links == Media related to Acropora latistella at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Acropora latistella at Wikispecies	wikipedia	2
Acropora listeri	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,057	5,184,663	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	15	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora listeri is a species of acroporid coral found in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the northern Indian Ocean, Australia, the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, southeast Asia, the East China Sea and the central and western Pacific Ocean. It is also present in Mauritius. The species is found in tropical shallow reefs on...	wikipedia	5
Acropora loisetteae	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,218	5,184,651	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	30	1	Indian Ocean	Acropora loisetteae is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by C. C. Wallace in 1994. Found in marine, tropical, shallow reefs in sheltered lagoons, it is found at depths between 1 and 30 m (3.3 and 98.4 ft). It is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, and it is thought to have a decreasing popula...	wikipedia	5
Acropora lokani	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,219	5,184,640	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	8	Indian Ocean	Acropora lokani is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by C. C. Wallace in 1994. Found in marine, shallow reefs and sheltered lagoons, it occurs at depths between 8 and 25 m (26 and 82 ft). It is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, and is believed to have a decreasing population. It is not comm...	wikipedia	5
Acropora longicyathus	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,114	5,184,629	accepted	hispidose	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	5	Indian Ocean	A colonial hispidose coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 5–20 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora loripes	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,074	5,184,619	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora loripes is a species of branching colonial stony coral. It is common on reefs, upper reef slopes and reef flats in the tropical Indo-Pacific. Its type locality is the Great Barrier Reef. == Description == Acropora loripes is a branching colonial coral with a variety of growth forms, forming heads or plate-like...	wikipedia	5
Acropora lovelli	Acropora	Acroporidae	740,834	5,184,607	accepted	null	null	null	null	null	null	Acropora lovelli is a species of acroporid coral found in the northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia and the oceanic west Pacific Ocean. It can also be found in Palau and the southern Mariana Islands, the Red Sea, Mauritius, Tuha'a Pae, the Pitcairn Islands and Rodrigues. It occurs in shallow tropic...	wikipedia	4
Acropora lutkeni	Acropora	Acroporidae	206,994	5,184,596	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	12	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora lutkeni is a species of acroporid coral found in the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, Australia, the northern Indian Ocean, the East China Sea, southeast Asia, and the central and western Pacific Ocean. The species also occurs in the south Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Palau, the Andaman Islands, Fiji, the Phil...	wikipedia	5
Acropora microphthalma	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,046	5,184,682	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora microphthalma is a species of acroporid coral found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic west and central Pacific Ocean. It is also found in the Line Islands. It occurs in shallo...	wikipedia	4
Acropora millepora	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,023	5,184,672	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	12	2	Indian Ocean	Acropora millepora is a species of branching stony coral native to the western Indo-Pacific where it is found in shallow water from the east coast of Africa to the coasts of Japan and Australia. It was first described in 1834 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg as Heteropora millepora. == Description == Acropora millepora...	wikipedia	5
Acropora monticulosa	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,103	2,259,840	accepted	digitate	colonial	zooxanthellate	12	1	Indian Ocean	Acropora monticulosa is a species of acroporid coral found in the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic west Pacific Ocean. It is also found in the Tuamotus. It occurs in tropical shallow reefs on upper slopes, from depths of ...	wikipedia	4
Acropora mossambica	Acropora	Acroporidae	206,988	5,184,626	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	26	null	Indian Ocean	A colonial corymbose coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 26 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora multiacuta	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,225	5,184,616	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	15	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora multiacuta is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by F. Nemenzo in 1967. Found in marine, tropical shallow reefs in lagoons, on rocks or on the tops of reefs, it occurs at depths between 3 and 15 m (10 and 49 ft). It is classed as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List, and it has a decre...	wikipedia	5
Acropora muricata	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,007	9,779,504	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	30	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora muricata, commonly called staghorn coral, is a species of acroporid coral found in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, Australia, central Indo-Pacific, Japan, Southeast Asia, the East China Sea and the oceanic central and western Pacific Ocean. It is found in tropical shallow reefs, slop...	wikipedia	4
Acropora nana	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,100	5,184,604	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	10	1	Indian Ocean	A colonial densely branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 1–10 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora nasuta	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,009	5,184,593	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	30	1.5	Indian Ocean	Acropora nasuta is a species of branching stony coral in the family Acroporidae. It is native to the western and central Indo-Pacific where it is found in shallow reef habitats. Like other corals of the genus Acropora, it is susceptible to coral bleaching and coral diseases and the IUCN has listed it as being "Endanger...	wikipedia	5
Acropora natalensis	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,051	5,184,570	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	30	5	Indian Ocean	A colonial table or plate-like coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 5–30 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora palmata	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,227	5,184,657	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	40	0.1	Western Atlantic	Elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) is an important reef-building coral in the Caribbean. The species has a complex structure with many branches which resemble that of elk antlers; hence, the common name. The branching structure creates habitat and shelter for many other reef species. Elkhorn coral is known to grow quickl...	wikipedia	5
Acropora palmerae	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,049	5,184,646	accepted	encrusting	colonial	zooxanthellate	12	0	Indian Ocean	Acropora palmerae is a species of acroporid coral found in the northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic west Pacific Ocean. It is also found in Palau and the Mariana Islands, American Samoa, the Andaman Islands, the Great Barrier Reef, Okinawa...	wikipedia	5
Acropora paniculata	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,008	5,184,636	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	35	10	Indian Ocean	Acropora paniculata is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Addison Emery Verrill in 1902. Found in marine, tropical, shallow reefs on the upper slopes, it occurs at depths of between 10 and 35 m (33 and 115 ft). It is classed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, and it has a decreasing pop...	wikipedia	5
Acropora papillare	Acropora	Acroporidae	430,650	5,784,797	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	5	1	Indian Ocean	Acropora papillare is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Latypov in 1992. Found in marine, tropical, shallow reefs in areas exposed to waves, it occurs at depths of between 1 and 5 m (3.3 and 16.4 ft). It is classed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, and it has a decreasing population. ...	wikipedia	5
Acropora pectinata	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,068	5,184,580	accepted	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	none	0
Acropora pharaonis	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,059	5,184,568	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	25	5	Indian Ocean	Acropora pharaonis is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Milne-Edwards and Haime in 1860. Found in marine, tropical, reefs on slopes sheltered from wave action, it occurs at depths of between 5 and 25 m (16 and 82 ft). It is classed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, and it has a decrea...	wikipedia	5
Acropora pichoni	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,232	5,184,701	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	70	10	Indian Ocean	A colonial table or plate-like coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 10–70 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora plumosa	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,233	5,184,689	accepted	tables_or_plates	colonial	zooxanthellate	30	10	Western and Central Pacific	Acropora plumosa is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Dr. C. C. Wallace and J. Wolstenholme in 1998. Found in marine, tropical, reefs on slopes sheltered from wave action, and on reef walls. It occurs at depths between 10 and 30 m (33 and 98 ft). It is classed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN ...	wikipedia	5
Acropora polystoma	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,050	5,184,667	accepted	corymbose	colonial	zooxanthellate	10	3	Indian Ocean	Acropora polystoma is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by G. Brook in 1891. Found in marine, tropical, reefs on upper slopes where waves are strong, it occurs at depths between 3 and 10 m (9.8 and 32.8 ft). It is classed as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List, and it has a decreasing populat...	wikipedia	5
Acropora prolifera	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,235	5,184,655	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	null	null	Western Atlantic	Acropora prolifera, the fused staghorn coral, is a branching, colonial, stony coral found in shallow parts of the Caribbean Sea, the Bahamas and southern Florida. Acropora prolifera is a hybrid of two other Caribbean coral species, Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata. == Description == Acropora prolifera is very ...	wikipedia	5
Acropora proximalis	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,236	5,184,644	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	15	3	Indian Ocean	A colonial densely branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 3–15 m, occurring in the Indian Ocean.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora pruinosa	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,237	5,184,634	accepted	branching_closed	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	2	Western and Central Pacific	A colonial densely branching coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 2–20 m, occurring in the Western and Central Pacific.	ctd_traits	5
Acropora pulchra	Acropora	Acroporidae	207,015	5,184,602	accepted	branching_open	colonial	zooxanthellate	20	1	Indian Ocean	Acropora pulchra is a species of colonial staghorn coral in the family Acroporidae. It is found on the back fringes of reefs in shallow water in the western Indo-Pacific Ocean. The oldest fossils of this species date back to the Pleistocene. == Description == The stony skeleton of Acropora pulchra takes on various form...	wikipedia	5
Acropora retusa	Acropora	Acroporidae	430,653	5,784,810	accepted	digitate	colonial	zooxanthellate	5	1	Indian Ocean	Acropora retusa is a species of Acropora coral found in U.S. waters in Guam, American Samoa, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas Colonies of Acropora retusa are often found in green or brown colors and are made of flat plates with short branches, causing them to appear spikey. == References ==	wikipedia	2
Acropora ridzwani	Acropora	Acroporidae	288,238	5,184,578	accepted	tables_or_plates	null	zooxanthellate	30	15	null	A table or plate-like coral, symbiotic (zooxanthellate), at depths of about 15–30 m.	ctd_traits	3

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CoralText Hard Corals: Text Traits for Embedding

One row per accepted scleractinian (hard / stony) coral species 1,704 species, global scope each carrying a text field built for sentence/document embedding, a set of structured ecological traits and stable identifiers that link back to the source databases. Every row is traceable and the dataset is explicit about where its text comes from and how complete that text is.

This card documents not just what the dataset contains but how it was built and what was assumed, because several of those decisions materially affect how you should use it.

TL;DR

1,704 accepted hard-coral species (order Scleractinia), validated against WoRMS.
1,143 (67%) have embeddable text; the remaining 561 carry taxonomy and IDs only.
Text comes from three sources, flagged per row (text_source): real Wikipedia prose, trait-templated sentences or none.
A text_richness (0–5) column lets you filter out thin text before embedding, please read the reef-bias caveat below.
Licensing is mixed and share-alike. Because the text column includes Wikipedia prose (CC BY-SA 4.0), the dataset as a whole is released under CC BY-SA 4.0. See Licensing.

Dataset structure

A single CSV, coral_scleractinia_embeddings.csv (~910 kB), one row per species, 15 columns.

Column dictionary

Column	Type	Description
`species`	str	Accepted binomial (WoRMS valid name where available). Unique; one row per species.
`genus`	str	Genus.
`family`	str	Family (GBIF backbone).
`worms_aphia_id`	int	WoRMS AphiaID, the canonical marine taxonomic key. Use this to join to other marine datasets.
`gbif_key`	int	GBIF backbone taxon key.
`quality`	str	`accepted` or `resolved_synonym` — see Taxonomic validation.
`growth_form`	str	e.g. massive, encrusting, corymbose, branching, table/plate-like. (CTD trait 183)
`coloniality`	str	colonial / solitary / both. (CTD trait 104)
`zooxanthellate`	str	zooxanthellate / azooxanthellate / both — symbiotic status. Near-complete coverage. (CTD trait 41)
`depth_lower_m`	float	A depth bound in metres. Not reliably the shallow end — see the depth note. (CTD trait 92)
`depth_upper_m`	float	The other depth bound. (CTD trait 91)
`geographical_region`	str	One of six ocean regions (Indian Ocean; Western & Central Pacific; Western Atlantic; Eastern Pacific; Eastern Atlantic; Subantarctic & Antarctic). (CTD trait 35)
`text`	str / null	The embeddable description. Null when `text_source = none`.
`text_source`	str	`wikipedia`, `ctd_traits` or `none`.
`text_richness`	int	0–5, how much real content the text carries. Comparable across sources.

How it was built

The pipeline chains four public sources, using stable IDs as join keys at every step so nothing depends on fuzzy string matching that can't be audited.

Species backbone — GBIF. All species under order Scleractinia in the GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, filtered to status = ACCEPTED. This returned 8,788 "accepted species", far more than the number of living hard corals, for a reason that matters (see the fossil assumption below).
Taxonomic validation — WoRMS. Each GBIF name was matched against the World Register of Marine Species via its batch taxon-matching endpoint, keeping each record's valid_AphiaID. This ID is the dataset's canonical key: synonyms pointing to the same species share one valid_AphiaID, so collapsing on it removes duplicates that name-based deduplication would miss. Only ~29% of the 8,788 GBIF names matched WoRMS expected and the main quality filter (see fossils, below).
Traits — Coral Trait Database (CTD). Structured traits were pulled per-trait from coraltraits.org. 1,126 of the 1,704 species (66%) matched CTD records on species ID.
Prose — English Wikipedia via Wikidata. Article text was retrieved for 261 species, resolved through Wikidata property P225 (taxon name) an exact match to the canonical name, not a Wikipedia title search. This is deliberate (see the Wikipedia assumption below).

Assumptions and decisions

These are the judgement calls baked into the data. If any conflicts with your use case, better to know now.

Fossils: the 8,788 → 1,704 reduction is intentional. Order Scleractinia has an enormous fossil record back to the Triassic and the GBIF backbone lists many fossil-only taxa as "accepted species." WoRMS catalogues described extant marine species, so fossil taxa aren't in it and fail to match. A WoRMS match was treated as the test of "is this a real, living species we can describe," and the ~6,300 unmatched names were dropped. Spot-checks confirmed the unmatched set is dominated by fossil genera (Archeoanthophyllum, Truncoconus, Dermosmilia, etc.), not living corals. This is therefore a dataset of extant hard corals, not a paleontological one.

Cross-phylum fuzzy matches were removed with a hard taxonomic gate. WoRMS matching is fuzzy, so a coral name absent from WoRMS could return a real, "accepted", similarly-spelled species from an entirely different group e.g. the coral Cycloseris striata fuzzy-matched a cumacean crustacean (Cyclaspis striata); other coral names matched crabs, sponges, oysters and a stylasterid lace coral. Left in, these would poison the embeddings with non-coral text. Each matched record's own higher classification was checked, keeping only those whose order is Scleractinia (12 cross-phylum mismatches removed). This is why the pipeline joins on validated IDs rather than trusting the name match.

"Doubtful" taxa were labelled, not silently kept or dropped. WoRMS flags some names as taxon inquirendum, nomen dubium, etc. This release keeps only accepted and resolved_synonym records (the quality column). A further ~627 doubtful taxa were excluded rather than mixed in unmarked.

Depth labels are not reliable per row use min/max, not the column names. CTD's depth fields are named "Depth lower" and "Depth upper", but inspection showed these do not reliably correspond to shallow vs. deep on a per-row basis (some rows are ordered, some reversed). Do not read depth_lower_m/depth_upper_m as min/max. For a depth range, take min() and max() of the two columns per row which is how the templated sentences were generated.

One value per species (traits). CTD often holds multiple observations per species. Each trait was resolved to a single value, preferring CTD's own "Global estimate" record where present; otherwise the modal value for categorical traits and the median for numeric traits.

Wikipedia was resolved by exact taxon ID, never by title search. Searching Wikipedia by species name readily returns the genus page, a disambiguation page or an unrelated article. Instead, Wikidata P225 (exact taxon name) → linked article was followed, so a species either resolves to its own correct article or gets nothing. Precision over recall, by design. (One consequence: species whose only Wikidata match is a common-name article e.g. Dendrogyra cylindrus → "Pillar coral" still resolve correctly.)

Trait selection was deliberately lean. Six traits were chosen for the templated text; growth form, coloniality, zooxanthellate status, a depth range and geographical region because they are ecologically discriminative and template into readable sentences. Excluded: corallite micro-measurements (numeric minutiae that add embedding noise), redundant growth-form variants and octocoral-specific traits (CTD now includes octocorals; these species are all hexacorallian and those fields don't apply).

The most important limitation: reef bias in text richness

Read this before you embed anything.

Trait and article coverage are both biased toward shallow-water reef corals, because that's what the scientific literature and Wikipedia over-cover. Quantified:

Zooxanthellate (shallow reef) species average ~4.7 facts per templated sentence.
Azooxanthellate (deep-sea) species average ~2.0 facts often just symbiosis status and ocean region.

The consequence for embeddings: deep-sea species collapse to short, near-identical sentences and mixing them with rich Wikipedia prose can cause species to cluster by text source rather than by biology an artifact, not a signal. The text_richness column exists precisely so you can control this:

For clean semantic work, filter text_richness >= 4 (≈465 species with substantial content) or
Embed the wikipedia tier alone (261 species) for maximum prose quality, or
Use everything, but be aware the deep-sea cluster is partly an artifact of sparsity.

This isn't a hidden defect it's a property of the underlying data, surfaced as a column so the choice is yours.

Coverage summary

`text_source`	Species	Notes
`wikipedia`	261	Real article prose, ~330-word median.
`ctd_traits`	882	Sentence templated from structured traits.
`none`	561	No description available; taxonomy + IDs only.
Total with text	1,143 (67%)
Total rows	1,704

Where a species has both a Wikipedia article and CTD traits, Wikipedia wins — real prose is richer than a templated sentence.

Example usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("xquantize/coraltext-hard-corals", split="train")

# Species with substantial text, ready to embed
rich = ds.filter(lambda r: r["text_richness"] is not None and r["text_richness"] >= 4)
print(len(rich), "species with rich text")

texts = rich["text"]
# embeddings = your_model.encode(texts)  # e.g. sentence-transformers

Provenance

This dataset combines four public sources:

GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (gbif.org) the initial species list for order Scleractinia.
World Register of Marine Species / WoRMS (marinespecies.org) taxonomic validation, synonym resolution and AphiaIDs.
Coral Trait Database / CTD (coraltraits.org) structured ecological traits.
English Wikipedia, resolved via Wikidata (wikidata.org) species description prose.

Snapshot generated August 2026.

Licensing

Released under CC BY-SA 4.0.

The text column incorporates English Wikipedia prose, which is CC BY-SA 4.0 a share-alike license. That obligation propagates to any dataset that redistributes the text, so the dataset as a whole is BY-SA 4.0. If you build on it and redistribute, you must (a) attribute the sources below and (b) release your derivative under a compatible share-alike license.

Component terms:

English Wikipedia text — CC BY-SA 4.0.
Coral Trait Database — CC BY 4.0 (attribution).
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — attribution; cite the specific backbone/download.
WoRMS — attribution per WoRMS terms of use.

Underlying sources:

Coral Trait Database Madin, J.S. et al. (2016). The Coral Trait Database, a curated database of trait information for coral species from the global oceans. Scientific Data 3:160017.
Octocoral Trait Database (now merged into CTD; explains the expanded species list) Scientific Data (2025).
GBIF cite the specific download DOI generated at export; otherwise cite the GBIF Backbone Taxonomy.
WoRMS WoRMS Editorial Board (2026). World Register of Marine Species.

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