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1 | five number summary | [
{
"head": "five number summary",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "minimum"
},
{
"head": "five number summary",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "first quartile"
},
{
"head": "five number summary",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "median"
},
{
"head": "five number s... | So let’s go ahead and start by talking about the five number summary and what that means. So the five number summary is basically a way to look at the data and see the smallest to the largest. So the first number in the five number summary is the minimum and that’s the smallest value in the data. The first quartile is ... | [
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] | KS5zllVsz3I | statistics | 131 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/KS5zllVsz3I/concepts/five-number-summary/visual_summary.png | |
2 | 1-var stats | [
{
"head": "median",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "50th percentile"
},
{
"head": "calculator",
"relation": "calculates",
"tail": "median"
},
{
"head": "calculator",
"relation": "provides",
"tail": "1-var stats"
},
{
"head": "1-var stats",
"relation": "includes",
... | The first quartile is the 25th percentile in the data; the median is the 50th percentile in the data; the third quartile is 75 – excuse me – 75th percentile in the data; and the maximum is the largest value in the data. ... Okay, so then I go to ‘STATS’ and then I go over to ‘CALC’ and I just hit ‘ENTER’ because all I ... | [
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] | KS5zllVsz3I | statistics | 131 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/KS5zllVsz3I/concepts/1-var-stats/visual_summary.png | |
3 | descriptive statistics | [
{
"head": "descriptive statistics",
"relation": "calculated using",
"tail": "ti-83_84 calculator"
},
{
"head": "mean",
"relation": "is a type of",
"tail": "descriptive statistics"
},
{
"head": "median",
"relation": "is a type of",
"tail": "descriptive statistics"
},
{... | Before we hit mean, median, and mode, and everything, let’s go ahead and use the calculator to do descriptive statistics. ... hit ‘STAT’ and go to where you enter your data. ... hit ‘STAT’ again and we’re going to scroll over or arrow over to the right to calculate ... 1 Var Statistics ... with the TI-83 what to do. ..... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/statistics/B9JDVqnZNYM/slide... | B9JDVqnZNYM | statistics | 193 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/B9JDVqnZNYM/concepts/descriptive-statistics/visual_summary.png | |
4 | 1-var stats | [
{
"head": "1-var stats",
"relation": "calculates",
"tail": "sample mean"
},
{
"head": "1-var stats",
"relation": "calculates",
"tail": "sum of data"
},
{
"head": "1-var stats",
"relation": "calculates",
"tail": "sample size"
},
{
"head": "1-var stats",
"relati... | Now what we’re going to do is we’re going to hit ‘STAT’ again and we’re going to scroll over or arrow over to the right to calculate, and then in the TI-84 you have to put what lists you want to use. In the other calculator, it’s just going to pop up on your screen and say 1 Var Statistics and you hit ‘ENTER’ because i... | [
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] | B9JDVqnZNYM | statistics | 193 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/B9JDVqnZNYM/concepts/1-var-stats/visual_summary.png | |
5 | box plot | [
{
"head": "box plot",
"relation": "uses",
"tail": "five-number summary"
},
{
"head": "box plot",
"relation": "requires",
"tail": "number line"
},
{
"head": "box plot",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "whiskers"
},
{
"head": "box plot",
"relation": "shows",
... | Now we’re going to talk about box plots or box-and-whiskers plots. So to make a box plot you have to use the five-number summary that we just talked about. You need the minimum, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the maximum. If you go to the 1 Var Stats and go all the way down, it’s the last five ... | [
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] | LNe9g3DsLH4 | statistics | 203 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/LNe9g3DsLH4/concepts/box-plot/visual_summary.png | |
6 | outlier values | [
{
"head": "box-and-whisker plots",
"relation": "show",
"tail": "outlier values"
}
] | Now we’re going to talk about box plots or box-and-whiskers plots. So to make a box plot you have to use the five-number summary that we just talked about. You need the minimum, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the maximum. | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/LNe9g3DsLH4/slides/002.png"
] | LNe9g3DsLH4 | statistics | 203 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/LNe9g3DsLH4/concepts/outlier-values/visual_summary.png | |
7 | qualitative data | [
{
"head": "qualitative data",
"relation": "represented by",
"tail": "pie chart"
},
{
"head": "qualitative data",
"relation": "represented by",
"tail": "bar graph"
},
{
"head": "qualitative data",
"relation": "contrasted with",
"tail": "quantitative data"
},
{
"hea... | All right, so we talked about qualitative and quantitative data in the last discussion. For qualitative data we can have pie charts and bar graphs. In a pie chart, categories of data are represented by wedges in a circle and they’re proportional to the size to the percentage of individuals in each category. In a bar gr... | [
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] | r83uNIqaiuE | statistics | 211 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/r83uNIqaiuE/concepts/qualitative-data/visual_summary.png | |
8 | qualitative data analysis | [
{
"head": "pie chart",
"relation": "used for",
"tail": "qualitative data analysis"
},
{
"head": "bar graph",
"relation": "used for",
"tail": "qualitative data analysis"
},
{
"head": "pareto chart",
"relation": "is a type of",
"tail": "bar graph"
},
{
"head": "pare... | For qualitative data we can have pie charts and bar graphs. In a bar graph, the length of the bars of each category is proportional to the number of or a percentage of individuals in each category. Bars can be vertical or horizontal and a Pareto chart consists of bars that are sorted from largest to smallest. Here’s a ... | [
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] | r83uNIqaiuE | statistics | 211 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/r83uNIqaiuE/concepts/qualitative-data-analysis/visual_summary.png | |
9 | skewed left | [
{
"head": "histogram",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "symmetric distribution"
},
{
"head": "histogram",
"relation": "represents",
"tail": "data set"
},
{
"head": "histogram",
"relation": "represents",
"tail": "skewed left"
},
{
"head": "histogram",
"relation": "sh... | So a histogram is a symmetric distribution of the data. So if a histogram is perfectly symmetrical that means I can draw a line down the middle of it and the left side of the graph and the right side of the graph will mirror each other. They are symmetric distributions that have two modes, bimodals. The two modes would... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/statistics/poQa2bVCjfU/slide... | poQa2bVCjfU | statistics | 264 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/poQa2bVCjfU/concepts/skewed-left/visual_summary.png | |
10 | skewness | [
{
"head": "bimodal distribution",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "symmetric distribution"
},
{
"head": "bimodal distribution",
"relation": "has",
"tail": "mode"
},
{
"head": "bimodal distribution",
"relation": "has",
"tail": "mean"
},
{
"head": "bimodal distribution",
... | Okay, so let’s talk about skewness and the mean, median, and mode. So a histogram is a symmetric distribution of the data. So if a histogram is perfectly symmetrical that means I can draw a line down the middle of it and the left side of the graph and the right side of the graph will mirror each other. They are symmetr... | [
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11 | histogram | [
{
"head": "histogram",
"relation": "looks like",
"tail": "bar graph"
},
{
"head": "histogram",
"relation": "made with",
"tail": "quantitative data"
},
{
"head": "histogram",
"relation": "contain",
"tail": "contiguous boxes"
},
{
"head": "histogram",
"relation"... | So a histogram looks a lot like a box – excuse me – a box plot, or a bar graph. So histograms are made with quantitative data and a histogram is going to contain continuous adjoining boxes. It’s going to have a horizontal and vertical axis. Your horizontal axis has to be labeled with the data that you’re representing. ... | [
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] | VAPh1gw8xp0 | statistics | 274 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/VAPh1gw8xp0/concepts/histogram/visual_summary.png | |
12 | relative frequency | [
{
"head": "vertical axis",
"relation": "labeled with",
"tail": "frequency"
},
{
"head": "vertical axis",
"relation": "labeled with",
"tail": "relative frequency"
},
{
"head": "vertical axis",
"relation": "labeled with",
"tail": "percent frequency"
},
{
"head": "ve... | The vertical axis is labeled with either the frequency or the relative frequency or even the percentage frequency of probability. Most of the time you’re going to see frequency or relative frequency. The graph will have the same shape even if you use the frequency or the relative frequency. A histogram, like the stempl... | [
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] | VAPh1gw8xp0 | statistics | 274 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/VAPh1gw8xp0/concepts/relative-frequency/visual_summary.png | |
13 | stemplot | [
{
"head": "stemplot",
"relation": "give",
"tail": "center"
},
{
"head": "stemplot",
"relation": "give",
"tail": "spread of data"
}
] | A histogram, like the stemplot, can give you the shape of the graph; the center; and the spread of the data. | [
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] | VAPh1gw8xp0 | statistics | 274 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/VAPh1gw8xp0/concepts/stemplot/visual_summary.png | |
14 | percentiles | [
{
"head": "percentiles",
"relation": "requires",
"tail": "data arrangement"
},
{
"head": "percentiles",
"relation": "uses",
"tail": "location formula"
},
{
"head": "data arrangement",
"relation": "is prerequisite for",
"tail": "location formula"
},
{
"head": "data... | So when you find percentiles in data the first thing you want to do is you want to arrange the data from smallest to largest. ... you use this formula – L equals P over 100 times n plus 1. P is the percentile that you’re looking for and n is the number of values in the data set; L only means the location of where the d... | [
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] | _DoLM8NzqgU | statistics | 291 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/_DoLM8NzqgU/concepts/percentiles/visual_summary.png | |
15 | percentile formula | [
{
"head": "computing percentiles",
"relation": "uses",
"tail": "percentile formula"
},
{
"head": "computing percentiles",
"relation": "requires",
"tail": "rounding results"
},
{
"head": "percentile formula",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "data values below"
},
{
... | So when you’re trying to find certain percentiles in data, like the 50th percentile or the 68th percentile, you use this formula – L equals P over 100 times n plus 1. ... If L is not a whole number, you round up to the next highest whole number, then when you go to that location that is the actual value for that percen... | [
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] | _DoLM8NzqgU | statistics | 291 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/_DoLM8NzqgU/concepts/percentile-formula/visual_summary.png | |
16 | cumulative relative frequency | [
{
"head": "frequency",
"relation": "counts values in",
"tail": "data set"
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{
"head": "frequency",
"relation": "calculated for",
"tail": "classes"
},
{
"head": "frequency",
"relation": "is calculated for",
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},
{
"head": "relative frequency",
"r... | Frequency is the number of times a value appears in a certain data set. Relative frequency is basically the number of times a value appears in a data set divided by the total number of values in the data sets. And a cumulative relative frequency is all of the previous relative frequencies to the relative frequency for ... | [
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17 | frequency distribution | [
{
"head": "frequency distribution",
"relation": "organizes",
"tail": "data set"
},
{
"head": "frequency distribution",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "frequency"
},
{
"head": "frequency distribution",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "relative frequency"
},
{
"hea... | frequency distributions are just a way to organize data that are in a data set. Frequency is the number of times a value appears in a certain data set. Relative frequency is basically the number of times a value appears in a data set divided by the total number of values in the data sets. ... to make a frequency table ... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/statistics/JCnKG35o4sw/slide... | JCnKG35o4sw | statistics | 306 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/JCnKG35o4sw/concepts/frequency-distribution/visual_summary.png | |
18 | ratio | [
{
"head": "page numbers",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "quantitative data"
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"head": "page numbers",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "discrete data"
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{
"head": "quantitative data",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "discrete data"
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{
"head": "free throw percentage",
... | The first one is interval and the second one is ratio. This is only for quantitative data. Ratio is a little bit easier to understand. Again, it’s quantitative data. It ranks and orders the data. But true zero exists; zero means the absence of something. You can add, subtract, multiply, or divide the data values and us... | [
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19 | interval | [
{
"head": "page numbers",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "quantitative data"
},
{
"head": "page numbers",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "discrete data"
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{
"head": "quantitative data",
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{
"head": "quantitative data",
"... | The first one is interval and the second one is ratio. This is only for quantitative data. So interval ranks and orders the data. Precise differences between the units do exist and they’re meaningful. But the big thing of this is there is no meaningful zero. Zero is simply a placeholder. So examples of this are tempera... | [
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20 | nominal | [
{
"head": "survey response",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "qualitative data"
},
{
"head": "survey response",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "nominal"
},
{
"head": "nominal",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "qualitative data"
},
{
"head": "nominal",
"relation": "excludes",
... | So let’s talk about nominal and ordinal, okay. We’re talking about qualitative data. Nominal comes from the Latin nominé, which means name. So we’re talking about anything that has a name. So what it does is it puts data into categories. There’s no order or ranking can be imposed and it’s qualitative data. You can’t do... | [
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] | RdwMWS6trnI | statistics | 321 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/RdwMWS6trnI/concepts/nominal/visual_summary.png | |
21 | levels of measurement | [
{
"head": "statistical analysis",
"relation": "uses",
"tail": "levels of measurement"
},
{
"head": "statistical analysis",
"relation": "performed on",
"tail": "qualitative data"
},
{
"head": "statistical analysis",
"relation": "performed on",
"tail": "quantitative data"
... | So the higher the level of measurement, the more mathematical calculations can be performed on that data. When we do statistical analysis as statisticians, we will actually go down and look at these levels of measurement to determine if we’re doing the right kind of analysis on the data. So let’s talk about nominal and... | [
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22 | ordinal | [
{
"head": "likert scale",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "ordinal"
},
{
"head": "ordinal",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "qualitative data"
},
{
"head": "ordinal",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "ranking"
},
{
"head": "ordinal",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "le... | Now ordinal, on the other hand, you can classify data into categories, usually qualitative and there’s ranking. There’s a ranking, a natural order, but there’s no differences between the ranks. So an example of this would be letter grades (A, B, C, D, F); judging a contest (you came in 1st, 2nd, or 3rd); and ratings (l... | [
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] | RdwMWS6trnI | statistics | 321 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/RdwMWS6trnI/concepts/ordinal/visual_summary.png | |
23 | frequency polygon | [
{
"head": "frequency polygon",
"relation": "analogous to",
"tail": "line graphs"
},
{
"head": "frequency polygon",
"relation": "uses",
"tail": "class intervals"
},
{
"head": "frequency polygon",
"relation": "plots",
"tail": "midpoint"
},
{
"head": "frequency polyg... | The first one is a frequency polygon. So frequency polygons are analogous to line graphs and just as a line graph makes continuous data visually easy to interpret, so does frequency polygon. With frequency polygons you’re going to look at the data and then you’ve got to put it in class intervals, kind of like we did wi... | [
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] | i5l4qg_Nldk | statistics | 327 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/i5l4qg_Nldk/concepts/frequency-polygon/visual_summary.png | |
24 | time series graph | [
{
"head": "consumer price index",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "measured quantity"
},
{
"head": "time series graph",
"relation": "uses",
"tail": "paired data set"
},
{
"head": "time series graph",
"relation": "uses",
"tail": "cartesian coordination system"
},
{
"he... | So let’s talk about a time series graph. So to construct a time series graph you have to look at both pieces of a paired data set. So you start with a Cartesian coordination system, remember that’s just an X,Y plot; don’t let that throw you. Your horizontal axis or your X axis is going to be time, and your Y axis is go... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/i5l4qg_Nldk/slides/002.png"
] | i5l4qg_Nldk | statistics | 327 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/i5l4qg_Nldk/concepts/time-series-graph/visual_summary.png | |
25 | continuous data | [
{
"head": "line graphs",
"relation": "visualize",
"tail": "continuous data"
}
] | So frequency polygons are analogous to line graphs and just as a line graph makes continuous data visually easy to interpret, so does frequency polygon. | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/i5l4qg_Nldk/slides/002.png",
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/i5l4qg_Nldk/slides/003.png"
] | i5l4qg_Nldk | statistics | 327 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/i5l4qg_Nldk/concepts/continuous-data/visual_summary.png | |
26 | quantitative variables | [
{
"head": "quantitative variables",
"relation": "consists of",
"tail": "count"
},
{
"head": "quantitative variables",
"relation": "consists of",
"tail": "measurement"
},
{
"head": "quantitative variables",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "numeric data"
},
{
"head": "qua... | So for quantitative data, that’s count and measures, and when you do math with those you get something meaningful out of it, and again it’s numeric. Some examples are height, weight, pulse rate, age, body temperature, credit hours, test scores, and average rainfall. The number of houses a bank repossesses in 4 randomly... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/vGEhIEGkl98/slides/006.png",
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/vGEhIEGkl98/slides/007.png",
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/vGEhIEGkl98/slides/008.png",
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/vGEhIEGkl98/slides/009.png"
] | vGEhIEGkl98 | statistics | 347 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/vGEhIEGkl98/concepts/quantitative-variables/visual_summary.png | |
27 | qualitative data | [
{
"head": "license plate",
"relation": "is example of",
"tail": "qualitative data"
},
{
"head": "qualitative data",
"relation": "is also known as",
"tail": "categorical data"
},
{
"head": "qualitative data",
"relation": "consists of",
"tail": "labels"
},
{
"head":... | So in this class we’re going to talk about qualitative data, which is categorical data – it’s data that you put in categories – or quantitative data. So qualitative data consists of labels or descriptions of the traits. It’s typically non-numeric but that’s not a requirement. now here are some numbers – social security... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/vGEhIEGkl98/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/vGEhIEGkl98/slides/005.png",
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/vGEhIEGkl98/slides/006.png"
] | vGEhIEGkl98 | statistics | 347 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/vGEhIEGkl98/concepts/qualitative-data/visual_summary.png | |
28 | experiment | [
{
"head": "experiment",
"relation": "investigates relationship between",
"tail": "response variable"
},
{
"head": "experiment",
"relation": "measures",
"tail": "experimental unit"
},
{
"head": "randomized experiment",
"relation": "is a type of",
"tail": "experiment"
},
... | So the purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. The affected variable is the response variable. It is important when you’re setting up these units that you make sure that you do a random assignment for all your units and your groups, even your treatments, your control; everythi... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WX-3wxKh-GY/slides/002.png",
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WX-3wxKh-GY/slides/004.png"
] | WX-3wxKh-GY | statistics | 365 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/WX-3wxKh-GY/concepts/experiment/visual_summary.png | |
29 | double-blind experiment | [
{
"head": "double-blind experiment",
"relation": "is a type of",
"tail": "blinding"
},
{
"head": "double-blind experiment",
"relation": "involves",
"tail": "control group"
},
{
"head": "double-blind experiment",
"relation": "involves",
"tail": "placebo treatment"
},
{... | So when I was talking about this, I was talking about a control group, and that’s a group that has had no treatment given to it. Sometimes it will be given a placebo treatment, which is a treatment that doesn’t really do anything. It’s kind of like if I gave you a sugar pill or something that has no effect on you based... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WX-3wxKh-GY/slides/003.png"
] | WX-3wxKh-GY | statistics | 365 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/WX-3wxKh-GY/concepts/double-blind-experiment/visual_summary.png | |
30 | explanatory variable | [
{
"head": "randomized experiment",
"relation": "manipulates",
"tail": "explanatory variable"
},
{
"head": "randomized experiment",
"relation": "measures changes in",
"tail": "response variable"
},
{
"head": "explanatory variable",
"relation": "causes change in",
"tail": "... | When one variable changes into another, we call that first variable an explanatory variable. The affected variable is the response variable. So basically what you’re trying to do is you’re trying to take two variables and control one to see the response you get in the other. So the difference and the explanatory variab... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WX-3wxKh-GY/slides/002.png"
] | WX-3wxKh-GY | statistics | 365 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/WX-3wxKh-GY/concepts/explanatory-variable/visual_summary.png | |
31 | lurking variables | [
{
"head": "random assignment",
"relation": "helps control",
"tail": "lurking variables"
}
] | it is important when you’re setting up these units that you make sure that you do a random assignment for all your units and your groups, even your treatments, your control; everything you do you want it randomized. The reason you’re doing that is so you can truly say that your experiment was random, that you tried to ... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WX-3wxKh-GY/slides/002.png"
] | WX-3wxKh-GY | statistics | 365 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/WX-3wxKh-GY/concepts/lurking-variables/visual_summary.png | |
32 | ti-83_84 calculator | [
{
"head": "l2",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "lists"
},
{
"head": "y column",
"relation": "entered in",
"tail": "lists"
},
{
"head": "y column",
"relation": "entered in",
"tail": "l2"
},
{
"head": "one-variable data entry",
"relation": "requires",
"tail": "... | So one-variable data entry; well that means I have one variable and I need to enter it. So what you do is you click on the ‘STAT’ button and this screen will pop up, and then you hit ‘ENTER’, okay, or you can hit 1, either way ‘ENTER’ or 1 will give it to you. And then, this screen is going to pop up. If you don’t see ... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/slides/007.png"
] | WHh5W2R2M_0 | statistics | 366 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/concepts/ti-83-84-calculator/visual_summary.png | |
33 | stat button | [
{
"head": "l2",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "lists"
},
{
"head": "y column",
"relation": "entered in",
"tail": "lists"
},
{
"head": "y column",
"relation": "entered in",
"tail": "l2"
},
{
"head": "one-variable data entry",
"relation": "requires",
"tail": "... | So one-variable data entry; well that means I have one variable and I need to enter it. So what you do is you click on the ‘STAT’ button and this screen will pop up, and then you hit ‘ENTER’, okay, or you can hit 1, either way ‘ENTER’ or 1 will give it to you. If you don’t see L1 in your first column, you want to go ah... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/slides/005.png"
] | WHh5W2R2M_0 | statistics | 366 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/concepts/stat-button/visual_summary.png | |
34 | histograms | [
{
"head": "l2",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "lists"
},
{
"head": "y column",
"relation": "entered in",
"tail": "lists"
},
{
"head": "y column",
"relation": "entered in",
"tail": "l2"
},
{
"head": "one-variable data entry",
"relation": "requires",
"tail": "... | So one-variable data entry; well that means I have one variable and I need to enter it. So what you do is you click on the ‘STAT’ button and this screen will pop up, and then you hit ‘ENTER’, okay, or you can hit 1, either way ‘ENTER’ or 1 will give it to you. And then, this screen is going to pop up. If you don’t see ... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/slides/004.png",
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"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/slides/006.png",
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/slides/007.png"
] | WHh5W2R2M_0 | statistics | 366 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/concepts/histograms/visual_summary.png | |
35 | window button | [
{
"head": "xmax",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "upper class limit"
},
{
"head": "xmin",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "lower class limit"
},
{
"head": "window button",
"relation": "sets",
"tail": "xmin"
},
{
"head": "window button",
"relation": "sets",
"tail": "x... | Then I’m going to press ‘WINDOW’, ‘WINDOW’ is right here, you see that? When you get to that you hit ‘WINDOW’. So for the minimum it’s going to be the first lower class limit. So that was 10, excuse me, Xmax is going to be your last upper class limit. Xscl is your class width, which you can determine – remember you do ... | [
"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/slides/006.png"
] | WHh5W2R2M_0 | statistics | 366 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/concepts/window-button/visual_summary.png | |
36 | frequency distribution | [
{
"head": "frequency distribution",
"relation": "contains",
"tail": "midpoints"
},
{
"head": "frequency distribution",
"relation": "contains",
"tail": "frequencies"
},
{
"head": "x variable",
"relation": "entered in",
"tail": "l1"
},
{
"head": "frequencies",
"... | But this time, in L1 you want to put your x variable. All right, so what I’m going to do is I’ve got the data and I’ve put it in a histogram or a frequency distribution. So I have number of employees from 10 to 19 for this one, and 20 to 29, 30 to 39, and 40 to 49. I made my midpoints. How do I get my midpoints? So for... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/slides/007.png"
] | WHh5W2R2M_0 | statistics | 366 | video_visual_summaries/statistics/WHh5W2R2M_0/concepts/frequency-distribution/visual_summary.png | |
37 | acids | [
{
"head": "acids",
"relation": "donate",
"tail": "hydrogen ion"
},
{
"head": "acids",
"relation": "classified as",
"tail": "weak acid"
},
{
"head": "acids",
"relation": "classified as",
"tail": "strong acid"
},
{
"head": "acids",
"relation": "react with",
... | So we recall that acids are things that donate a hydrogen ion, and bases are things that accept a hydrogen ion. ... what we see is that we can talk about strengths of acids and bases, and we can consider them to be either weak or strong. And when we consider it weak or strong, it depends on how ionized they are in wate... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/001.png",
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/005.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/006.png",
"... | a4oG9EP7oio | physics | 391 | video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/concepts/acids/visual_summary.png | |
38 | ionization | [
{
"head": "bases",
"relation": "classified as",
"tail": "weak base"
},
{
"head": "bases",
"relation": "classified as",
"tail": "strong base"
},
{
"head": "bases",
"relation": "contain",
"tail": "hydroxide"
},
{
"head": "bases",
"relation": "strength depends on... | And what we see is that we can talk about strengths of acids and bases, and we can consider them to be either weak or strong. And when we consider it weak or strong, it depends on how ionized they are in water. So with a weak acid or base, there will be very little ionization with a strong acid or base, it'll be essent... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/003.png",
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/006.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/007.png",
"... | a4oG9EP7oio | physics | 391 | video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/concepts/ionization/visual_summary.png | |
39 | acid strength | [
{
"head": "noble gases",
"relation": "not involved in",
"tail": "acidity"
},
{
"head": "acidity",
"relation": "increases rightward on",
"tail": "periodic table"
},
{
"head": "acid strength",
"relation": "increases rightward on",
"tail": "periodic table"
}
] | And the acidity, the strength increases as you move to the right. And as you move down on the periodic table, so something like CH4 - methane is not an acid or a base, it's neither one then you have a very weak base here and then you will have a neutral and then you will have a weak acid as you move into fluorine. On t... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/007.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/008.png"
] | a4oG9EP7oio | physics | 391 | video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/concepts/acid-strength/visual_summary.png | |
40 | equilibrium | [
{
"head": "hydronium ion",
"relation": "exists at",
"tail": "equilibrium"
},
{
"head": "hydronium ion",
"relation": "calculated from",
"tail": "ph"
}
] | And we look at that by the concentration of the hydronium ion at equilibrium, and we divide that by the concentration the molarity, of the acid itself. ... but we need to find the concentration of the hydronium ion at equilibrium. And we can do that from the pH as we've done before. So we can say then, that the concent... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/slides/006.png"
] | a4oG9EP7oio | physics | 391 | video_visual_summaries/physics/a4oG9EP7oio/concepts/equilibrium/visual_summary.png | |
41 | kirchoff's rules | [
{
"head": "kirchoff's rules",
"relation": "analyze",
"tail": "complex circuits"
},
{
"head": "kirchoff's rules",
"relation": "apply to",
"tail": "simple circuit"
},
{
"head": "kirchoff's rules",
"relation": "relate to",
"tail": "conservation of charge"
},
{
"head"... | In this lecture, we are going to discuss Kirchoff's rules, what are some ways of looking at more complicated circuits, and especially those circuits that cannot be reduced by the methods we've shown previously, so that you cannot necessarily reduce them to just a single resistance and voltage as we looked at, and then ... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/4APF9LuzzSc/slides/003.png",
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/4APF9LuzzSc/slides/006.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/4APF9LuzzSc/slides/007.png"
] | 4APF9LuzzSc | physics | 414 | video_visual_summaries/physics/4APF9LuzzSc/concepts/kirchoff-s-rules/visual_summary.png | |
42 | loop rule | [
{
"head": "complex circuits",
"relation": "cannot undergo",
"tail": "circuit reduction"
},
{
"head": "complex circuits",
"relation": "cannot use",
"tail": "ohm's law"
},
{
"head": "circuit reduction",
"relation": "simplifies to",
"tail": "resistance"
},
{
"head": ... | In this lecture, we are going to discuss Kirchoff's rules, what are some ways of looking at more complicated circuits, and especially those circuits that cannot be reduced by the methods we've shown previously, so that you cannot necessarily reduce them to just a single resistance and voltage as we looked at, and then ... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/4APF9LuzzSc/slides/003.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/4APF9LuzzSc/slides/005.png"
] | 4APF9LuzzSc | physics | 414 | video_visual_summaries/physics/4APF9LuzzSc/concepts/loop-rule/visual_summary.png | |
43 | significant figures | [
{
"head": "unit conversion",
"relation": "uses",
"tail": "conversion factor"
},
{
"head": "unit conversion",
"relation": "involves",
"tail": "unit cancellation"
},
{
"head": "unit conversion",
"relation": "involves",
"tail": "calculation"
},
{
"head": "unit conver... | So let's look at sample problem number one, which says to convert 40 meters per second into kilometers per hour. Now, we should note that there is a decimal point here. Now remember significant figures if there is a decimal point, trailing zeros, zeros at the end of the number are significant. So we're going to need th... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/TKaORuKyEB4/slides/003.png",
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/TKaORuKyEB4/slides/007.png",
"... | TKaORuKyEB4 | physics | 456 | video_visual_summaries/physics/TKaORuKyEB4/concepts/significant-figures/visual_summary.png | |
44 | sample problems | [
{
"head": "physical science",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "sample problems"
},
{
"head": "physical science",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "pulse rate"
},
{
"head": "physical science",
"relation": "includes",
"tail": "percent error"
},
{
"head": "sample prob... | Now let's look at our second sample problem, which looks at a pulse rate. So if an adult's pulse rate was 75 plus or minus three beats per minute. And what we want to find from this is the percent error. Now if you remember, our percent error is given by the equation here that the percent uncertainty is equal to the ch... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/TKaORuKyEB4/slides/006.png",
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] | TKaORuKyEB4 | physics | 456 | video_visual_summaries/physics/TKaORuKyEB4/concepts/sample-problems/visual_summary.png | |
45 | ethers | [
{
"head": "organic compounds",
"relation": "are named using",
"tail": "iupac name"
},
{
"head": "organic compounds",
"relation": "are named using",
"tail": "common name"
},
{
"head": "ethane",
"relation": "is part of",
"tail": "methoxyethane"
},
{
"head": "ethane"... | Now we can go ahead and look at our other example. The other thing we were looking at here was the ethers. Ethers are hydrocarbons with a group a functional group of oxygen. So in this case, we've replaced a carbon atom here by an oxygen there is an oxygen that is binding them together. And there are two different ways... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/005.png",
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/008.png"
] | ZEjCdVsfiq4 | physics | 467 | video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/concepts/ethers/visual_summary.png | |
46 | alcohols | [
{
"head": "fermented sugars",
"relation": "are",
"tail": "organic molecules"
},
{
"head": "alcohols",
"relation": "is type of",
"tail": "organic molecules"
},
{
"head": "alcohols",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "hydrocarbons"
},
{
"head": "alcohols",
"relation": "... | In this lecture, we are going to talk about two more types of organic molecules. And those are going to be the alcohols and the ethers. ... look at first of all the alcohols and what an alcohol is again, it is a hydrocarbon meaning it has hydrogen and carbon atoms. ... So we can have things like ethanol, ethanol is the... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/001.png",
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/008.png"
] | ZEjCdVsfiq4 | physics | 467 | video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/concepts/alcohols/visual_summary.png | |
47 | oh group | [
{
"head": "2-pentanol",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "pentanol"
},
{
"head": "2-pentanol",
"relation": "has",
"tail": "oh group"
},
{
"head": "pentane",
"relation": "contains",
"tail": "carbon atoms"
},
{
"head": "pentane",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "hydr... | it is a hydrocarbon meaning it has hydrogen and carbon atoms. And in this case, we have replaced a hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl or an OH group. ... how many carbon atoms do we have in our chain here? Well, there are five carbon atoms present. And that is going to be a pentane. So this if we had no h here, if this was ju... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/003.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/004.png",
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] | ZEjCdVsfiq4 | physics | 467 | video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/concepts/oh-group/visual_summary.png | |
48 | naming alcohols | [
{
"head": "naming alcohols",
"relation": "derives from",
"tail": "hydrocarbon structure"
},
{
"head": "naming alcohols",
"relation": "replaces",
"tail": "-e suffix"
},
{
"head": "naming alcohols",
"relation": "adds",
"tail": "-ol suffix"
},
{
"head": "naming alcoh... | In this lecture, we are going to talk about two more types of organic molecules. And those are going to be the alcohols and the ethers. ... Now we can name these alcohols just as we named other organic compounds that we looked at previously. And we're going to have to go back to what we looked at in the previous ones t... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/001.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/004.png"
] | ZEjCdVsfiq4 | physics | 467 | video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/concepts/naming-alcohols/visual_summary.png | |
49 | ionic bond | [
{
"head": "sodium hydroxide",
"relation": "has",
"tail": "ionic bond"
}
] | It is a covalent bond and not an ionic bond in things like sodium hydroxide that we've looked at previous previously. | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/003.png"
] | ZEjCdVsfiq4 | physics | 467 | video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/concepts/ionic-bond/visual_summary.png | |
50 | base | [
{
"head": "sodium hydroxide",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "base"
}
] | Now please note this does not even though OH has been associated with bases, this does not make it a base, the bonding will be a covalent bond. And that's that's why we're not getting a base. It is a covalent bond and not an ionic bond in things like sodium hydroxide that we've looked at previous previously. | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/slides/003.png"
] | ZEjCdVsfiq4 | physics | 467 | video_visual_summaries/physics/ZEjCdVsfiq4/concepts/base/visual_summary.png | |
51 | amides | [
{
"head": "hydrocarbons",
"relation": "contain",
"tail": "carbon atoms"
},
{
"head": "acetamide",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "amides"
},
{
"head": "alkenes",
"relation": "are",
"tail": "hydrocarbons"
},
{
"head": "ethers",
"relation": "contain",
"tail": "... | In this lecture, we're going to continue talking about different organic compounds. And we're going to be looking at the amines and the amides, which occur when we start substituting nitrogen atoms for carbon atoms within the organic molecules. ... In order to name these, we use the -amide. There. So instead of acidic,... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/005.png",
"... | xEkdiPuUAw8 | physics | 484 | video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/concepts/amides/visual_summary.png | |
52 | carbonyl group | [
{
"head": "carboxylic acids",
"relation": "contain",
"tail": "double oxygen bonds"
},
{
"head": "carboxylic acids",
"relation": "contain",
"tail": "carbonyl group"
},
{
"head": "ethyl acetate",
"relation": "is an",
"tail": "esters"
},
{
"head": "ethyl acetate",
... | So we have a carbonyl group here, the CO and carbon bonded to oxygen and we have a nitrogen bonded to them in terms of another, the other atom instead of a carbon. ... acetamide. And in this case, we have the same thing, we have our carbonyl group here, we have it bonded to a nitrogen on one side, and then we have it b... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/007.png"
] | xEkdiPuUAw8 | physics | 484 | video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/concepts/carbonyl-group/visual_summary.png | |
53 | amines | [
{
"head": "carboxylic acids",
"relation": "react with",
"tail": "amines"
},
{
"head": "carboxylic acids",
"relation": "are",
"tail": "organic molecules"
},
{
"head": "dimethyl amine",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "amines"
},
{
"head": "dimethyl amine",
"relatio... | Greetings, and welcome to the Introduction to Physical Science. In this lecture, we're going to continue talking about different organic compounds. And we're going to be looking at the amines and the amides, which occur when we start substituting nitrogen atoms for carbon atoms within the organic molecules. ... And wha... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/005.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/006.png",
"... | xEkdiPuUAw8 | physics | 484 | video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/concepts/amines/visual_summary.png | |
54 | nitrogen atoms | [
{
"head": "hydrocarbons",
"relation": "contain",
"tail": "carbon atoms"
},
{
"head": "hydrocarbons",
"relation": "contain",
"tail": "hydrogen atoms"
},
{
"head": "acetamide",
"relation": "contains",
"tail": "nitrogen atoms"
},
{
"head": "alkenes",
"relation": ... | amines are molecules that have a carbon nitrogen bond, so carbon bonded to a nitrogen atom. ... nitrogen does retain its pair of electrons, and therefore has three bonds available, and can bond to either carbon in it, for example, a methyl group here or other group, and two or two hydrogen atoms. ... pyridine. As one e... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/004.png",
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/006.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/007.png",
"... | xEkdiPuUAw8 | physics | 484 | video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/concepts/nitrogen-atoms/visual_summary.png | |
55 | aromatic hydrocarbon | [
{
"head": "pyridine",
"relation": "has",
"tail": "ring structures"
},
{
"head": "pyridine",
"relation": "is an",
"tail": "aromatic hydrocarbon"
},
{
"head": "aromatic hydrocarbon",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "organic molecules"
}
] | Now the naming will give an -ine suffix and for example, we have pyridine. As one example, this is one of the ring structures that we've looked at previously. And in this case, we have replaced the carbon with a nitrogen. Now the number of bonds is still the same, we have one bond, a single bond here, and a double bond... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/slides/003.png"
] | xEkdiPuUAw8 | physics | 484 | video_visual_summaries/physics/xEkdiPuUAw8/concepts/aromatic-hydrocarbon/visual_summary.png | |
56 | esters | [
{
"head": "pineapple",
"relation": "is an example of",
"tail": "esters"
},
{
"head": "orange",
"relation": "is an example of",
"tail": "esters"
},
{
"head": "strawberry",
"relation": "is an example of",
"tail": "esters"
},
{
"head": "raspberry",
"relation": "i... | Greetings, and welcome to the Introduction to Physical Science. As we continue talking about various organic compounds in organic chemistry, today, we will look at a couple of others. And those are the aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. So we'll take a look at these to add to our discussion that we've pr... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/003.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/005.png",
"... | XXk8B2OBR78 | physics | 497 | video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/concepts/esters/visual_summary.png | |
57 | carboxylic acids | [
{
"head": "carboxylic acids",
"relation": "are part of",
"tail": "organic chemistry"
},
{
"head": "ethanoic acid",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "carboxylic acids"
},
{
"head": "ethanoic acid",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "acetic acid"
},
{
"head": "ethanoic acid",
... | Greetings, and welcome to the Introduction to Physical Science. As we continue talking about various organic compounds in organic chemistry, today, we will look at a couple of others. And those are the aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. So we'll take a look at these to add to our discussion that we've pr... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/001.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/002.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/005.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/006.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/008.png"
] | XXk8B2OBR78 | physics | 497 | video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/concepts/carboxylic-acids/visual_summary.png | |
58 | ketones | [
{
"head": "carbonyl group",
"relation": "has",
"tail": "carbonyl double bond"
},
{
"head": "organic chemistry",
"relation": "is part of",
"tail": "physical science"
},
{
"head": "hydrocarbons",
"relation": "are part of",
"tail": "organic chemistry"
},
{
"head": "b... | Greetings, and welcome to the Introduction to Physical Science. As we continue talking about various organic compounds in organic chemistry, today, we will look at a couple of others. And those are the aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. So we'll take a look at these to add to our discussion that we've pr... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/002.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/003.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/009.png"
] | XXk8B2OBR78 | physics | 497 | video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/concepts/ketones/visual_summary.png | |
59 | aldehydes | [
{
"head": "carbonyl group",
"relation": "has",
"tail": "carbonyl double bond"
},
{
"head": "methanal",
"relation": "is an example of",
"tail": "aldehydes"
},
{
"head": "organic chemistry",
"relation": "is part of",
"tail": "physical science"
},
{
"head": "aldehyde... | Greetings, and welcome to the Introduction to Physical Science. As we continue talking about various organic compounds in organic chemistry, today, we will look at a couple of others. And those are the aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. So we'll take a look at these to add to our discussion that we've pr... | [
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/001.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/002.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/003.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/009.png"
] | XXk8B2OBR78 | physics | 497 | video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/concepts/aldehydes/visual_summary.png | |
60 | functional group | [
{
"head": "carbon-oxygen double bond",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "carbonyl group"
},
{
"head": "functional group",
"relation": "is",
"tail": "carbon-oxygen double bond"
},
{
"head": "carbonyl group",
"relation": "is a",
"tail": "functional group"
},
{
"head": "c... | These are have a similarity in that they both contain a carbonyl group, and that is carbon and double bonded to an oxygen atom. So we have a double bond to oxygen here, and that is the functional group within the aldehydes. And the ketones. ... we looked at the aldehydes and ketones, and these contain a functional grou... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/004.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/slides/009.png"
] | XXk8B2OBR78 | physics | 497 | video_visual_summaries/physics/XXk8B2OBR78/concepts/functional-group/visual_summary.png | |
61 | electromagnetic wave | [
{
"head": "electromagnetic wave",
"relation": "are",
"tail": "light"
},
{
"head": "electromagnetic wave",
"relation": "belong to",
"tail": "electromagnetic spectrum"
},
{
"head": "electromagnetic wave",
"relation": "move at",
"tail": "speed of light"
},
{
"head": ... | basically, an electromagnetic wave is a form of light. Now we're used to visible light. But electromagnetic waves can be any form of light, as we'll look at an another lecture when we talk about the electromagnetic spectrum. ... they are defined from Maxwell's equations and Maxwell's equations, what they really show us... | [
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"video_visual_summaries/physics/lJHSD25eRHg/slides/006.png",
"video_visual_summaries/physics/lJHSD25eRHg/slides/007.png",
"... | lJHSD25eRHg | physics | 508 | video_visual_summaries/physics/lJHSD25eRHg/concepts/electromagnetic-wave/visual_summary.png |
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