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relatively few processes.
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Glia Are Supportive Cells to Neurons
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Neurons are not the only cells in the CNS.
|
A second prominent category of mac-
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roglia is the myelin-producing cells, the oligodendro-
|
glia.
|
Some microglia reside quiescently within the
|
brain.
|
Another major domain of
|
our fi eld is nervous system development (Section III).
|
ORGANIZATION OF THIS TEXT 7
|
8 1.
|
FUNDAMENTALS OF NEUROSCIENCE
|
I.
|
How do neurons grow processes that
|
fi nd appropriate targets some distance away?
|
How do
|
nascent neuronal activity and embryonic experience
|
shape activity?
|
In many cases, advanced
|
undergraduate students will fi nd this book useful
|
as well.
|
We invite all of you
|
to join us in the adventure of studying the nervous
|
system.
|
I.
|
The complexity of the human brain is enormous,
|
describable only in astronomical terms.
|
What is at stake is not only the pos-
|
sibility of discovering how the brain works.
|
What has been determined still contains a very large
|
number of interruptions and gaps.
|
However, having even this draft
|
has provided some important realities.
|
Two major future vistas can be imagined.
|
FUNDAMENTALS OF NEUROSCIENCE
|
I.
|
NEUROSCIENCE
|
protein.
|
The information pre-
|
sented in this book is the culmination of hundreds of
|
years of research.
|
The pursuit of science has not always been a com-
|
munal endeavor.
|
Initially, research was conducted in
|
relative isolation.
|
It is this interdependence
|
across space and time that gives science much of its
|
power.
|
With interdependence, however, comes vulnerabil-
|
ity.
|
Let us begin by examining how new knowledge is
|
created.
|
Often,
|
new experimental pathways are launched when one
|
I.
|
Variability and random
|
chance may also contribute to the experimental results.
|
Given that one can never prove a hypothesis, how
|
do “facts” arise?
|
Publication is an essential component
|
of the advancement of science.
|
Thus, it is not surprising that much
|
emphasis is placed on the responsible conduct of
|
research.
|
Research ethics encompasses a broad spectrum of
|
behaviors.
|
Each of these acts signifi cantly harms the scientifi c
|
community.
|
Moreover,
|
when fraud is discovered, a retraction of the paper
|
RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT 11
|
12 1.
|
FUNDAMENTALS OF NEUROSCIENCE
|
I.
|
Plagiarism is also a major ethical infraction.
|
Scien-
|
tifi c publications provide a mechanism for establishing
|
priority for a discovery.
|
Plagiarism denies
|
the original author of credit for his or her work.
|
Scientifi c Misconduct Has Been Formally
|
Defi ned by U.S.
|
There are
|
several sources of this variation.
|
The defi nition of responsible conduct may change
|
over time.
|
Indeed, ethics evolve
|
alongside knowledge.
|
Having determined what is acceptable practice, we
|
then must be vigilant.
|
Have all the appropriate
|
references been cited and are all the authors appropri-
|
ate?
|
Might the graphic representation of data mislead
|
the viewer?
|
Are research funds being used effi ciently?
|
I.
|
NEUROSCIENCE
|
SUMMARY
|
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