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Björklund, A.
and Hökfelt, T.
(1983-present).
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(1978).
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Larry W.
42 3.
CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS TISSUE
II.
3.1).
3.2) (Mountcastle, 1978).
The perikaryon contains the nucleus and a variety
of cytoplasmic organelles.
(Left) A
Purkinje cell of the cerebellar cortex and (right) a pyramidal neuron
of the neocortex.
These neurons are highly polarized.
A pyramidal neuron in layer III is
shown as an example.
Note the preferential distribution of synaptic
contacts on spines.
Spines are labeled in red.
Arrow shows a contact
directly on the dendritic shaft.
II.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
microtubules, discussed in detail in Chapter 4.
The axon leaves the cell body
from a small swelling called the axon hillock.
The axon hillock is
the part of the neuron where the action potential is
generated.
3.3).
When both sides are equally thick, the
synapse is referred to as symmetric.
When the postsyn-
aptic thickening is greater, the synapse is asymmetric.
This correlation greatly enhanced the usefulness of
electron microscopy in neuroscience.
3.3).
Viewed from the inside of the axon or
dendrite, it looks like a patch of variable shape.
Some
synapses are a simple patch, or macule.
Macular syn-
apses can grow fairly large, reaching diameters over
1 mm.
3.3).
The synaptic cleft is truly a space, but its properties
are essential.
The postsynaptic element may be a portion of a
soma or a dendrite, or rarely, part of an axon.
A similar
segregation is seen in cerebellar cortex.
In nonspiny
neurons, symmetric and asymmetric synapses are
often less well separated.
Irrespective of location,
a postsynaptic thickening marks the postsynaptic
element.
Among the molecules that are associated
NEURONS 43
44 3.
CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS TISSUE
II.
In 1904, Santiago