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This repository presents two resources:

  • D3J, the Dictionary Definition Dataset for Japanese. D3J provides lexically simple definitions for 325 Japanese headwords, created in collaboration with a professional lexicographer.
  • TUBE16K, a defining vocabulary used for building D3J. TUBE16K consists of (1) the 16,000 most frequent words from the Japanese section of the TUBELEX corpus, and (2) linguistic terms for concisely describing the meanings or usages of headwords. Note that the words in TUBE16K are SUWs (short unit words).

Details of D3J and TUBE16K are described in our paper, which is to appear in TACL. Please cite it when using these resources.

@misc{ide2026,
    title={Towards Automated Lexicography: Generating and Evaluating Definitions for Learner's Dictionaries},
    author={Yusuke Ide and Adam Nohejl and Joshua Tanner and Hitomi Yanaka and Christopher Lindsay and Taro Watanabe},
    year={2026},
    eprint={2601.01842},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL},
    url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01842},
}

Release notes

v1.1

  • Latest version.
  • Fixed several minor issues.
  • Available on the main branch.

v1.0

  • Initial version, used for our study.
  • Available on the v1.0 branch.
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