XLRS-Bench-lite_VLM

index int64 0 312	question stringlengths 34 1.17k	multi-choice options stringlengths 256 1.36k	answer stringclasses 4 values	category stringclasses 2 values	l2-category stringclasses 3 values	image listlengths 1 1
0	The width and calmness of the river in the picture suggest?	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) It is a vital transportation route.\n(B) This area might be a na(...TRUNCATED)	D	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)
1	What caused the formation of the blue-green lake in the upper left corner of the picture?	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) In certain regions, groundwater contains high concentrations of (...TRUNCATED)	A	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)
2	Why does the image show more farmland and fewer residential areas?	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) This area has been designated as an agricultural zone for the cu(...TRUNCATED)	C	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)
3	"Why are the buildings in the two large housing clusters separated by a road in the top left corner (...TRUNCATED)	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) Income levels and development policies lead to the adoption of d(...TRUNCATED)	C	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)
4	Why is there a cluster of barges in the middle of the river in the satellite images?	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) The barge might be waiting to load or unload goods at a nearby p(...TRUNCATED)	A	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)
5	"Why does the central area of the image exhibit an unusual layout, with buildings arranged in a dist(...TRUNCATED)	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) This area is designed as a planned community, optimized for spac(...TRUNCATED)	A	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)
6	The presence of multifunctional areas in the image suggests?	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) Meeting diverse economic and lifestyle needs without maintaining(...TRUNCATED)	D	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)
7	Why are the houses in the multi-unit residential image built in a spiral shape?	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) To enhance structural stability.\n(B) Possibly for aesthetic app(...TRUNCATED)	B	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)
8	"In the middle on the right side, the lower left corner, and on both sides of the highway in the far(...TRUNCATED)	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) In urban planning or rural development, artificial lakes or pond(...TRUNCATED)	C	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)
9	Why is there a river in the image?	"The choices are listed below:\n(A) Due to the presence of clouds in the sky during the satellite im(...TRUNCATED)	B	Complex reasoning	Anomaly Detection and Interpretation	["/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLD(...TRUNCATED)

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

🐙GitHub

Information or evaluatation on this dataset can be found in this repo: https://github.com/AI9Stars/XLRS-Bench

📜Dataset License

Annotations of this dataset is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. For images from:

DOTA
RGB images from Google Earth and CycloMedia (for academic use only; commercial use is prohibited, and Google Earth terms of use apply).
ITCVD
Licensed under CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0.
MiniFrance, HRSCD
Released under IGN’s "licence ouverte".
Toronto, Potsdam:
The Toronto test data images are derived from the Downtown Toronto dataset provided by Optech Inc., First Base Solutions Inc., GeoICT Lab at York University, and ISPRS WG III/4, and are subject to the following conditions:
1. The data must not be used for other than research purposes. Any other use is prohibited.
2. The data must not be used outside the context of this test project, in particular while the project is still on-going (i.e. until September 2012). Whether the data will be available for other research purposes after the end of this project is still under discussion.
3. The data must not be distributed to third parties. Any person interested in the data may obtain them via ISPRS WG III/4.
4. The data users should include the following acknowledgement in any publication resulting from the datasets: “*The authors would like to acknowledge the provision of the Downtown Toronto data set by Optech Inc., First Base Solutions Inc., GeoICT Lab at York University, and ISPRS WG III/4.*”

Disclaimer:
If any party believes their rights are infringed, please contact us immediately at wfx23@nudt.edu.cn. We will promptly remove any infringing content.

📖Citation

If you find our work helpful, please consider citing:

@inproceedings{wang2025xlrs,
  title={Xlrs-bench: Could your multimodal llms understand extremely large ultra-high-resolution remote sensing imagery?},
  author={Wang, Fengxiang and Wang, Hongzhen and Guo, Zonghao and Wang, Di and Wang, Yulin and Chen, Mingshuo and Ma, Qiang and Lan, Long and Yang, Wenjing and Zhang, Jing and others},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference},
  pages={14325--14336},
  year={2025}
}

@article{wang2025geollava,
  title={GeoLLaVA-8K: Scaling Remote-Sensing Multimodal Large Language Models to 8K Resolution},
  author={Wang, Fengxiang and Chen, Mingshuo and Li, Yueying and Wang, Di and Wang, Haotian and Guo, Zonghao and Wang, Zefan and Shan, Boqi and Lan, Long and Wang, Yulin and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.21375},
  year={2025}
}

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Paper for zGinger/XLRS-Bench-lite_VLM

GeoLLaVA-8K: Scaling Remote-Sensing Multimodal Large Language Models to 8K Resolution

Paper • 2505.21375 • Published May 27, 2025