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test · 389k rows

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What are the two types of vesicle transport called? Here are the choices: A. epithelium and exocytosis B. endocytosis and exocytosis C. eptocytosis and exocytosis D. dielectric and exocytosis		B: endocytosis and exocytosis.
What do you call a species that has died out in the past? Here are the choices: A. extinct B. inhabit C. remnant D. endangered	Life is complex, and there are millions of species alive today. Many millions more lived in the past and then went extinct. Organisms include microscopic, single-celled organisms. They also include complex, multicellular animals such as you. Clearly, life science is a huge science. That’s why a life scientist usually s...	A: extinct.
Where does the embryo develop in a plant? Here are the choices: A. inside the male plant after fertilization B. inside the stem after fertilization C. outside the female plant after fertilization D. inside the female plant after fertilization	In plants, the embryo develops inside of the female plant after fertilization. Algae do not keep the embryo inside of themselves but release it into water. This was the first feature to evolve that separated plants from green algae. This is also the only adaptation shared by all plants.	D: inside the female plant after fertilization.
What is the method of setting or correcting a measuring device by matching it to known measurement standards called? Here are the choices: A. distortion B. calibration C. parallax D. precision	When using measuring devices, we often use a technique called calibration to increase the accuracy of our measurements. Calibration is a method of setting or correcting a measuring device by matching it to known measurement standards. To better understand calibration, we will look at the example of calibrating a thermo...	B: calibration.
What property of warm air causes it to rise above cold air? Here are the choices: A. lower density B. greater density C. higher temperature D. greater pressure	The warm-air vent is placed near the floor of the room. Warm air is less dense than cold air so it rises. If the warm-air vent were placed near the ceiling instead, how would this affect the transfer of thermal energy throughout the room?.	A: lower density.
Which branch of biology studies animal behavior? Here are the choices: A. microbiology B. anthropology C. embryology D. ethology	The branch of biology that studies animal behavior is called ethology. Ethologists usually study how animals behave in their natural environment. They try to determine the cause of behaviors, how behaviors develop, and how and why behaviors evolve.	D: ethology.
What unit of measure is equal to the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute? Here are the choices: A. watt B. horsepower C. joule D. torque	Power may be measured in a unit called the horsepower. One horsepower is the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute, which equals 745 watts of power.	B: horsepower.
What organism is characterized by an incomplete digestive system and a single, tentacled opening? Here are the choices: A. prokaryotes B. sponges C. annelids D. cnidarians	Cnidarians have an incomplete digestive system with a single opening. The opening is surrounded by tentacles, which are covered with nematocyst cells and used to capture prey. Digestion takes place in the digestive cavity. Nutrients are absorbed and gases are exchanged through the cells lining this cavity. Fluid in the...	D: cnidarians.
What term is not the same as energy, but means the energy per unit charge? Here are the choices: A. frequency B. speed C. voltage D. mass	The second equation is equivalent to the first. Voltage is not the same as energy. Voltage is the energy per unit charge. Thus a motorcycle battery and a car battery can both have the same voltage (more precisely, the same potential difference between battery terminals), yet one stores much more energy than the other s...	C: voltage.
What specific part of the african violet is used to propagate other plants? Here are the choices: A. roots B. spores C. leaves D. petals		C: leaves.
What are fibers that depend on aerobic respiration called? Here are the choices: A. hydrogen fibers B. oxidative fibers C. evaporative fibers D. fragile fibers		B: oxidative fibers.
Which form of electromagnetic waves have more energy: low frequency wave or high frequency waves? Here are the choices: A. the same B. high frequency waves C. low frequency waves D. neither	The energy of electromagnetic waves depends on their frequency. Low-frequency waves have little energy and are normally harmless. High-frequency waves have a lot of energy and are potentially very harmful.	B: high frequency waves.
Something that has all of the characteristics of life is considered to be what? Here are the choices: A. ecosystem B. alive C. molecule D. organism	There is not just one distinguishing feature that separates a living thing from a non-living thing. A cat moves but so does a car. A tree grows bigger, but so does a cloud. A cell has structure, but so does a crystal. Biologists define life by listing characteristics that living things share. Something that has all of ...	B: alive.
What do the letters in our blood types represent? Here are the choices: A. iron levels B. proteins C. alleles D. genomes	Another exception to Mendel's laws is a phenomenon called codominance . For example, our blood type shows codominance. Do you know what your blood type is? Are you A? O? AB? Those letters actually represent alleles. Unlike other traits, your blood type has three alleles, instead of two!.	C: alleles.
The two stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and what? Here are the choices: A. respiratory cycle B. reproductive cycle C. calvin cycle D. digestive cycle	The two stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Do you see how the two stages are related?.	C: calvin cycle.
What do living things need to survive? Here are the choices: A. nutrients B. molecules C. heat D. oxygen	There are three main ocean zones based on distance from shore. They are the intertidal zone , neritic zone , and oceanic zone . Distance from shore influences how many nutrients are in the water. Why? Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients. Li...	A: nutrients.
The denser regions of the electron cloud are called what? Here are the choices: A. lattices B. cores C. isotopes D. orbitals	Some regions of the electron cloud are denser than others. The denser regions are areas where electrons are most likely to be. These regions are called orbitals . Each orbital has a maximum of just two electrons. Different energy levels in the cloud have different numbers of orbitals. Therefore, different energy levels...	D: orbitals.
In studying energy, what term do scientists use to refer to the matter and its environment involved in energy transfers? Here are the choices: A. system B. molecule C. world D. ecosystem	6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics In studying energy, scientists use the term “system” to refer to the matter and its environment involved in energy transfers. Everything outside of the system is called the surroundings. Single cells are biological systems. Systems can be thought of as having a certain amount of order. It...	A: system.
To measure what changes that occur in chemical reactions, chemists usually use a related thermodynamic quantity, calledenthalpy? Here are the choices: A. ion exchange B. energy C. evaporation D. entropy	(a) Initially, the system (a copper penny and concentrated nitric acid) is at atmospheric pressure. (b) When the penny is added to the nitric acid, the volume of NO2 gas that is formed causes the piston to move upward to maintain the system at atmospheric pressure. In doing so, the system is performing work on its surr...	B: energy.
A system in what state cannot spontaneously change, and therefore can do no work? Here are the choices: A. stability B. balance C. equilibrium D. equality		C: equilibrium.
What is a species that plays an especially important role in it's community called? Here are the choices: A. Invasive B. Leader C. complement D. keystone	Some predator species are known as keystone species. A keystone species is one that plays an especially important role in its community. Major changes in the numbers of a keystone species affect the populations of many other species in the community. For example, some sea star species are keystone species in coral reef...	D: keystone.
What term that shows how fast a population is growing includes new members added to the population over a given period, as well as old members removed from the population? Here are the choices: A. population density B. emigration C. growth rate D. birth rate	The population growth rate is how fast a population is growing. The letter r stands for the growth rate. The growth rate equals the number of new members added to the population in a year for each 100 members already in the population. The growth rate includes new members added to the population and old members removed...	C: growth rate.
The rings of what planet can be easily seen from earth? Here are the choices: A. Neptune B. Venus C. saturn D. jupiter	All of the outer planets have numerous moons. They also have planetary rings made of dust and other small particles. Only the rings of Saturn can be easily seen from Earth.	C: saturn.
What planet is a blue green color? Here are the choices: A. Mercury B. sirius C. uranus D. Mars	Uranus is a lot like Jupiter and Saturn. The planet is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. There is a thick layer of gas on the outside. Further on the inside is liquid. But Uranus has a higher percentage of icy materials than Jupiter and Saturn. These materials include water, ammonia, and methane. Uranus is also d...	C: uranus.
The simplest class of organic compounds is the what? Here are the choices: A. hydrocarbons B. Phenols C. gas D. particles	isolating the individual components, preservationists are better able to determine the condition of an object and those books and documents most in need of immediate protection. The simplest class of organic compounds is the hydrocarbons, which consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen. Petroleum and natural gas are comp...	A: hydrocarbons.
Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel and are thought to be very similar to what part of the earth? Here are the choices: A. mantel B. crust C. core D. shelf	Scientists study meteorites to learn about Earth’s interior. Meteorites formed in the early solar system. These objects represent early solar system materials. Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel. They are thought to be very similar to Earth's core ( Figure below ). An iron meteorite is the closest thing to a s...	C: core.
Which pathway carries somatosensory information from the face, head, mouth, and nasal cavity? Here are the choices: A. trigeminal pathway B. posterior pathway C. cranial pathway D. dual pathway	The trigeminal pathway carries somatosensory information from the face, head, mouth, and nasal cavity. As with the previously discussed nerve tracts, the sensory pathways of the trigeminal pathway each involve three successive neurons. First, axons from the trigeminal ganglion enter the brain stem at the level of the p...	A: trigeminal pathway.
The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and what else? Here are the choices: A. direction B. density C. volume D. velocity	The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and velocity. An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy. You can calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object with this equation:.	D: velocity.
Cycling, shoveling snow and cross-country skiing are examples of what kind of heart-strengthening activity? Here are the choices: A. metabolism B. aerobic C. exercise D. anaerobic	When done regularly, aerobic activities, such as cycling, make the heart stronger. Other aerobic activities include mowing lawn, shoveling snow and cross country skiing.	B: aerobic.
What take the shape of their container, and are relatively easy to compress? Here are the choices: A. fluids B. molecules C. semi-fluids D. gases	The story is quite different for gases. Gases take the shape of their container, and they are relatively easy to compress. There are fewer gas particles per unit volume than for the same substance in the liquid or solid form. In fact, the liquid form of a given material is generally several hundred times more dense tha...	D: gases.
What is moving air called? Here are the choices: A. clouds B. humidity C. steam D. wind	Moving air, like moving water, causes erosion. Moving air is called wind.	D: wind.
What property makes bone marrow cells ideal for gene therapy? Here are the choices: A. behavior reproduction B. lifelong reproduction C. irreversible reproduction D. Matching		B: lifelong reproduction.
What is the name of the two metalloids in the carbon group called? Here are the choices: A. silicon and gold B. titantium and copper C. silver and gold D. silicon and germanium	Group 14 is called the carbon group. This group contains two metalloids: silicon and germanium. Carbon is a nonmetal, and the remaining elements in this group are metals.	D: silicon and germanium.
What is the name of the zone where water is deeper than 200 meters called? Here are the choices: A. euphotic zone B. aphotic zone C. eccentric zone D. transition zone	The aphotic zone is water deeper than 200 meters. This is where too little sunlight penetrates for photosynthesis to occur. As a result, producers must make "food" by chemosynthesis , or the food must drift down from the water above.	B: aphotic zone.
Diagnosing and treating cancer is a beneficial use of what potentially dangerous energy? Here are the choices: A. thermal B. mechanical C. radiation D. solar	Radiation has several important uses, including diagnosing and treating cancer.	C: radiation.
Many adults and some children suffer from a deficiency of lactase. these individuals are said to be lactose intolerant because they cannot digest the lactose found in what? Here are the choices: A. meat B. milk C. fruit D. peanuts	Many adults and some children suffer from a deficiency of lactase. These individuals are said to be lactose intolerant because they cannot digest the lactose found in milk. A more serious problem is the genetic disease galactosemia, which results from the absence of an enzyme needed to convert galactose to glucose. Cer...	B: milk.
Three-prong plugs, circuit breakers, and gfci outlets are safety features that recognize the danger of what? Here are the choices: A. electricity B. heat C. gravity D. magnetism	Because electricity can be so dangerous, safety features are built into modern electric circuits and devices. They include three-prong plugs, circuit breakers, and GFCI outlets. You can read about these three safety features in the Figure below . You can learn more about electric safety features in the home by watching...	A: electricity.
Catabolic reactions break down large organic molecules into smaller molecules, releasing the energy contained in what? Here are the choices: A. crystals bonds B. molecular bonds C. chemical bonds D. liquid bonds	Catabolic Reactions Catabolic reactions break down large organic molecules into smaller molecules, releasing the energy contained in the chemical bonds. These energy releases (conversions) are not 100 percent efficient. The amount of energy released is less than the total amount contained in the molecule. Approximately...	C: chemical bonds.
In qualitative analysis, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce what? Here are the choices: A. sunlight B. motion C. erosion D. precipitation	Selective precipitation can also be used in qualitative analysis. In this method, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce precipitation. Certain reagents cause specific ions to precipitate out; therefore, the addition of the reagent can be used to determine whether the ion is present in the...	D: precipitation.
While climate change in earth history was due to natural processes, what is primarily to blame for recent global warming? Here are the choices: A. volcanos B. human actions C. wars D. factories	Climate change in Earth history was due to natural processes. Recent global warming is due mainly to human actions. The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases into the air. This creates greater greenhouse effect and global warming.	B: human actions.
What is the simplest life cycle? Here are the choices: A. metamorphic cycle B. binary life cycle C. haploid life cycle D. diploid life cycle	The haploid life cycle ( Figure below ) is the simplest life cycle. It is found in many single-celled organisms. Organisms with a haploid life cycle spend the majority of their lives as haploid gametes. When the haploid gametes fuse, they form a diploid zygote. It quickly undergoes meiosis to produce more haploid gamet...	C: haploid life cycle.
What keeps the moon orbiting earth? Here are the choices: A. gravity B. the Sun C. Coriolis effect D. axial tilt	Gravity keeps the Moon orbiting Earth. Gravity keeps the planets orbiting the Sun.	A: gravity.
What are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions? Here are the choices: A. inept bonds B. soluble bonds C. ionic bonds D. magnetic bonds	Ionic bonds are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.	C: ionic bonds.
What produces hormones that directly regulate body processes? Here are the choices: A. hippocampus B. hypothalamus C. pancreas D. lymph glands	The hypothalamus also produces hormones that directly regulate body processes. For example, it produces antidiuretic hormone. This hormone travels to the kidneys and stimulates them to conserve water by producing more concentrated urine.	B: hypothalamus.
Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of what process? Here are the choices: A. evolution B. regression C. emergence D. devolution	Take a close look at this gorilla hand. The similarities to a human hand are remarkable. Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of evolution.	A: evolution.
What is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust? Here are the choices: A. helium B. nitrogen C. silicon D. carbon	What is this intricate orb? It is the greatly magnified skeleton of single-celled ocean organisms call radiolarian. The skeleton is made of an element that is extremely common on Earth. In fact, it is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust. It is also one of the most common elements in the entire universe. W...	C: silicon.
Which kind of genetics approach involves mutating or deleting genes provides researchers with clues about gene function? Here are the choices: A. possible genetics B. reverse genetics C. inverse genetics D. impossible genetics	Watch this short video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/transgenic) explaining how scientists create a transgenic animal. Although the classic methods of studying the function of genes began with a given phenotype and determined the genetic basis of that phenotype, modern techniques allow researchers to start at the DNA ...	B: reverse genetics.
More than half of all known organisms are what? Here are the choices: A. insects B. mammals C. spiders D. enzymes	The majority of arthropods are insects (Class Insecta). In fact, more than half of all known organisms are insects. There may be more than 10 million insect species in the world, although most of them have not yet been identified. In terms of their numbers and diversity, insects clearly are the dominant animals in the ...	A: insects.
For what purpose does liver use the excess carbohydrate? Here are the choices: A. to synthesize glycogen B. process sugar C. dilute carbohydrates D. convert starches	Obesity With obesity at high rates in the United States, there is a public health focus on reducing obesity and associated health risks, which include diabetes, colon and breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease. How does the food consumed contribute to obesity? Fatty foods are calorie-dense, meaning that they have mo...	A: to synthesize glycogen.
Saturn is made mostly of helium and what else? Here are the choices: A. nitrogen B. hydrogen C. hydrogen D. carbon	Saturn’s composition is similar to Jupiter's. The planet is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. These elements are gases in the outer layers and liquids in the deeper layers. Saturn may also have a small solid core. Saturn's upper atmosphere has clouds in bands of different colors. These clouds rotate rapidly around th...	B: hydrogen.
What are alkenes organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms described as? Here are the choices: A. saturated B. insulated C. strong D. unsaturated	Alkenes Organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms are described as unsaturated. You have likely heard of unsaturated fats. These are complex organic molecules with long chains of carbon atoms, which contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarb...	D: unsaturated.
Electrons in covalent compounds are shared between the two atoms, unlike the case in what type of bonds? Here are the choices: A. horizontal bonds B. soluble bonds C. ionic bonds D. weak bonds	The two materials do have at least one thing in common. The atoms in the materials are held together by covalent bonds. These bonds consist of electrons shared between two or more atoms. Unlike ionic bonds, where electrons are either lost or gained by an atom to form charged ions, electrons in covalent compounds are sh...	C: ionic bonds.
What is the resistance of a liquid to flow called? Here are the choices: A. elasticity B. permeability C. viscosity D. turbulence	Viscosity (η) is the resistance of a liquid to flow. Some liquids, such as gasoline, ethanol, and water, flow very readily and hence have a low viscosity. Others, such as motor oil, molasses, and maple syrup, flow very slowly and have a high viscosity. The two most common methods for evaluating the viscosity of a liqui...	C: viscosity.
The mass of atoms is based on the number of protons and neutrons in what? Here are the choices: A. components B. nucleus C. electrons D. molecules	Atoms have a mass that is based largely on the number of protons and neutrons in their nucleus.	B: nucleus.
Where do polychaete worms live? Here are the choices: A. attached to marine life B. in tide pools C. in coral reefs D. the ocean floor	Annelids called polychaete worms live on the ocean floor. They may be filter feeders, predators, or scavengers. The amazing feather duster worm in Figure below is a polychaete that has a fan-like crown of tentacles for filter feeding.	D: the ocean floor.
What is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do? Here are the choices: A. geomorphology B. biogeography C. heredity D. lithography	Biogeography is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do. It provides more evidence for evolution. Let’s consider the camel family as an example.	B: biogeography.
Muscles that position the pectoral girdle are located either on the anterior thorax or on this? Here are the choices: A. posterior thorax B. analogous thorax C. posterior thorax D. inferred thorax	Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Muscles that position the pectoral girdle are located either on the anterior thorax or on the posterior thorax (Figure 11.22 and Table 11.8). The anterior muscles include the subclavius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior. The posterior muscles include the trapezius, rhomb...	A: posterior thorax.
What are the two major types of seed plants called? Here are the choices: A. flowers and fruits B. perennials and annuals C. deciduous and evergreen D. gymnosperms and angiosperms	The two major types of seed plants are the gymnosperms (seeds in cones) and angiosperms (seeds in ovaries of flowers). Figure below shows how the seeds of gymnosperms and angiosperms differ. Do you see the main difference between the two seeds? The angiosperm seed is surrounded by an ovary .	D: gymnosperms and angiosperms.
What do we call the energy-rich product of photosynthesis? Here are the choices: A. sugar B. glucose C. insulin D. chloride	Glucose is the energy-rich product of photosynthesis, a universal food for life. It is also the primary form in which your bloodstream delivers energy to every cell in your body.	B: glucose.
How is oxygen transferred into the bloodstream? Here are the choices: A. brain diffusion B. mean diffusion C. hard diffusion D. simple diffusion	The oxygen enters the bloodstream from the alveoli , tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place ( Figure below ). The transfer of oxygen into the blood is through simple diffusion.	D: simple diffusion.
Ringworm and athlete's foot are human diseases caused by what simple organisms? Here are the choices: A. bacteria B. fungi C. insects D. viruses	Fungi are simple eukaryotic organisms that consist of one or more cells. They include mushrooms and yeasts. Human diseases caused by fungi include ringworm and athlete’s foot. Both are skin diseases that are not usually serious. A ringworm infection is pictured below ( Figure below ). A more serious fungus disease is h...	B: fungi.
What is the measure of the change in the velocity of a moving object called? Here are the choices: A. pressurization B. transmission C. acceleration D. compression	A car’s gas pedal, like the one in Figure below , is sometimes called the accelerator. That’s because it controls the acceleration of the car. Pressing down on the gas pedal gives the car more gas and causes the car to speed up. Letting up on the gas pedal gives the car less gas and causes the car to slow down. Wheneve...	C: acceleration.
What is the usual treatment for acute bronchitis? Here are the choices: A. physical therapy B. antibiotics C. surgery D. pesticides	Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, the air passages that conduct air into the lungs. The bronchi become red and swollen with infection. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria, and may last several days or weeks. It is characterized by a cough that produces phlegm, or mucus. Symptoms includ...	B: antibiotics.
What are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian? Here are the choices: A. primates B. insects C. carnivores D. rodents	Primates are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian primates.	A: primates.
The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason what moves? Here are the choices: A. animals B. oceans C. planets D. continents	In some places, the oceanic crust comes up to a continent. The moving crust pushes that continent away from the ridge axis as well. If the moving oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench, the crust sinks into the mantle. The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason that continents move.	D: continents.
What is the concept by which two species within the same area to coexist by adapting by developing different specializations? Here are the choices: A. character development B. feature displacement C. character concept D. character displacement	Looking at different types of competition, ecologists developed the competitive exclusion principle . The principle states that species less suited to compete for resources will either adapt, move from the area, or die out. In order for two species within the same area to coexist, they may adapt by developing different...	D: character displacement.
A turbine that spins a generator will produce? Here are the choices: A. electricity B. light C. solar energy D. magnetic fields	You can follow the operation of an electricity-generating fission reactor in the image above. The reactor core is submerged in a pool of water. The heat from the fission reaction heats the water, which is pumped into a heat exchange container. There the heated water boils the water in the heat exchanger. The produced s...	A: electricity.
Meiosis in the sporophyte produces haploid cells called what? Here are the choices: A. ions B. seeds C. fibers D. spores		D: spores.
In this type of reaction, an element replaces another element in a compound, and the element is in any state of matter but is not an ion? Here are the choices: A. double-replacement reaction B. polar reaction C. single-replacement reaction D. replication reaction	A single-replacement reaction is one in which an element replaces another element in a compound. An element is in either the solid, liquid, or gas state and is not an ion. The example below shows the reaction of solid magnesium metal with aqueous silver nitrate to form aqueous magnesium nitrate and silver metal.	C: single-replacement reaction.
What are the two distinct types of cells found in the animal kingdom? Here are the choices: A. prokaryotes and eukaryotes B. DNA and Eukaryotes C. bacteria and eukaryotes D. chromosomes and eukaryotes		A: prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
What category of elements are chacterized by their ability to reflect light, called luster, their high electrical and thermal conductivity, their high heat capacity, and their malleability and ductility? Here are the choices: A. nonmetals B. halogens C. metals D. noble gases	Metallic Solids Metals are characterized by their ability to reflect light, called luster, their high electrical and thermal conductivity, their high heat capacity, and their malleability and ductility. Every lattice point in a pure metallic element is occupied by an atom of the same metal. The packing efficiency in me...	C: metals.
Angiosperms are also known as what? Here are the choices: A. uncommon plants B. flowering plants C. dead plants D. dry plants	Introduction Plants are as essential to human existence as land, water, and air. Without plants, our day-to-day lives would be impossible because without oxygen from photosynthesis, aerobic life cannot be sustained. From providing food and shelter to serving as a source of medicines, oils, perfumes, and industrial prod...	B: flowering plants.
An estimated 100 trillion of these live in the gut of an average person? Here are the choices: A. viruses B. pathogens C. algae D. bacteria	It is estimated that 100 trillion bacteria live in the gut. This is more than the human cells that make up you. It has also been estimated that there are more bacteria in your mouth than people on the planet. There are over 7 billion people on the planet.	D: bacteria.
The ability to regulate what, which is possessed by mammals, was an advantage as earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes? Here are the choices: A. reflex behaviors B. hair growth C. mutations D. body temperature	Mammals have the ability to regulate body temperature. This is an advantage, as Earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes. Mastodons, saber tooth tigers, hoofed mammals, whales, primates and eventually humans all lived during the Cenozoic Era ( Figure below ).	D: body temperature.
What is the term for very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding dna? Here are the choices: A. addition dna B. satellite dna C. recombinant dna D. models dna	The majority of the human genome is non-coding sequence. These sequences include regulatory sequences, and DNA with unknown functions. These sequences include tandem repeat elements known as satellite DNA , and transposons. Satellite DNA consists of very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA. The repeating...	B: satellite dna.
What kind of map can show the features of the bottom of a body of water? Here are the choices: A. topographic B. country C. bathymetric D. basic	Oceanographers use bathymetric maps to show the features of the bottom of a body of water.	C: bathymetric.
What evolved, adapted response to resource availability is the long-range seasonal movement of animals? Here are the choices: A. regulating B. changing C. Stagnation D. migration	Migration Migration is the long-range seasonal movement of animals. It is an evolved, adapted response to variation in resource availability, and it is a common phenomenon found in all major groups of animals. Birds fly south for the winter to get to warmer climates with sufficient food, and salmon migrate to their spa...	D: migration.
When animals get rid of their gaseous waste, what is exhaled through their mouth and nose? Here are the choices: A. oxygen B. carbon dioxide C. hydrogen D. carbon monoxide		B: carbon dioxide.
What is another name for composite volcanos? Here are the choices: A. stratovolcanoes B. fjords C. seismic giants D. fault lines	Composite volcanoes are also called stratovolcanoes. This is because they are formed by alternating layers (strata) of magma and ash ( Figure below ). The magma that creates composite volcanoes tends to be thick. The steep sides form because the lava cannot flow too far from the vent. The thick magma may also create ex...	A: stratovolcanoes.
Fossil records support the idea that periods of little change may be interrupted by bursts of rapid change, an evolutionary model contrasted by what? Here are the choices: A. elitism B. gradualism C. darwinian D. minimalism	When geologic and climatic conditions are changing, evolution may occur more quickly. Thus, long periods of little change may be interrupted by bursts of rapid change. This model of the timing of evolution is called punctuated equilibrium . It is better supported by the fossil record than is gradualism.	B: gradualism.
What type of winds occur when air is forced over a mountain range? Here are the choices: A. chinook winds B. doldrums C. local winds D. trade winds	Chinook winds ( Figure below ) occur when air is forced over a mountain range. Warm air rises over the Sierra Nevada in California, for example, because it is pushed eastward by the westerly winds. The air cools as it rises and precipitates. The air is now dry. It sinks down the far side of the mountains and may create...	A: chinook winds.
What do clouds trap into the atmosphere at night? Here are the choices: A. smog B. light C. heat D. seawater	Clouds block sunlight in the day. Clouds trap heat in the atmosphere at night.	C: heat.
A nerve cell that carries messages is called a? Here are the choices: A. neuron B. platelet C. stem cell D. mitochondria	The nervous system is made up of nerves. A nerve is a bundle of nerve cells. A nerve cell that carries messages is called a neuron. The messages carried by neurons are called nerve impulses.	A: neuron.
What group of animals are the largest arthropods? Here are the choices: A. fish B. insects C. birds D. spiders	There are several traits shared by all arthropods. Arthropods have a complete digestive system. They also have a circulatory system and a nervous system. In addition, they have special organs for breathing and excreting wastes. Other traits of arthropods include:.	B: insects.
What term describes a collection of similar cells that had a common embryonic origin? Here are the choices: A. nucleus B. plasma C. organ-level organization D. tissue	Complex Tissue Structure A hallmark trait of animals is specialized structures that are differentiated to perform unique functions. As multicellular organisms, most animals develop specialized cells that group together into tissues with specialized functions. A tissue is a collection of similar cells that had a common ...	D: tissue.
Most biochemical molecules are macromolecules, meaning that they are what? Here are the choices: A. very dense B. very large C. very abundant D. very small	Most biochemical molecules are macromolecules, meaning that they are very large. Some contain thousands of monomer molecules.	B: very large.
The name of a spinal cord region corresponds to the level at which spinal nerves pass through the what? Here are the choices: A. lumbar foramina B. notochord C. synovial fluid D. intervertebral foramina	The Spinal Cord The description of the CNS is concentrated on the structures of the brain, but the spinal cord is another major organ of the system. Whereas the brain develops out of expansions of the neural tube into primary and then secondary vesicles, the spinal cord maintains the tube structure and is only speciali...	D: intervertebral foramina.
Tests for levels of what in blood allow a diabetic patient to regulate how much insulin to administer? Here are the choices: A. protein B. chloride C. alcohol D. glucose	Laboratory testing has come to the local drug store or grocery store because of developments in chemistry. You can test your blood glucose using a simple portable device that runs a chemical test on the blood sample and tells you how much glucose is present, allowing a diabetic patient to regulate how much insulin to a...	D: glucose.
The process of breaking down food into nutrients is known as __________ Here are the choices: A. energy B. filtration C. digestion D. absorption	As food is pushed through the GI tract by peristalsis, it undergoes digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients. There are two types of digestion: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.	C: digestion.
Reasoning can be broken down into two categories: deduction and? Here are the choices: A. conduction B. invention C. preduction D. induction	Any useful hypothesis will allow predictions based on reasoning. Reasoning can be broken down into two categories: deduction and induction. Most reasoning in science is formed through induction.	D: induction.
What are used to make maps of the moon and other planets? Here are the choices: A. imaging satellites B. topographical charts C. radio telescopes D. rendering satellites	Astronomers use imaging satellites to study and make maps of the Moon and other planets.	A: imaging satellites.
What term describes how closely packed the particles of matter are? Here are the choices: A. density B. range C. mass D. space	Density is an important physical property of matter. It reflects how closely packed the particles of matter are. When particles are packed together more tightly, matter has greater density. Differences in density of matter explain many phenomena, not just why helium balloons rise. For example, differences in density of...	A: density.
Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they? Here are the choices: A. Static B. Acidic C. are not cells D. non living	Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they are not cells. Instead, they use the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce new copies of themselves. After infecting a host cell, a virion uses the cell’s ribosomes, enzymes, ATP, and other components to replicate. Viruses vary in how th...	C: are not cells.
What is likely to happen to a parasite if it kills its host? Here are the choices: A. it thrives B. it adapts C. it mutates D. it dies	Some parasites kill their host, but most do not. It’s easy to see why. If a parasite kills its host, the parasite is also likely to die. Instead, parasites usually cause relatively minor damage to their host.	D: it dies.
What is a type of solid that lacks an ordered internal structure? Here are the choices: A. a sponge B. an elastic solid C. an amorphous solid D. ice	An amorphous solid is a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure.	C: an amorphous solid.
What is it called when you get the same result after repeating an experiment? Here are the choices: A. variable B. initiation C. replication D. control	Getting the same result when an experiment is repeated is called replication. If research results can be replicated, it means they are more likely to be correct.	C: replication.
What is the largest human organ? Here are the choices: A. skin B. lungs C. brain D. stomach	human body system that includes the skin, nails, and hair.	A: skin.
In the chest, the trachea divides as it enters the lungs to form the right and left what? Here are the choices: A. bronchi B. ventricle C. alveoli D. atrium	In the chest, the trachea divides as it enters the lungs to form the right and left bronchi . The bronchi contain cartilage, which prevents them from collapsing. Mucus in the bronchi traps any remaining particles in air. Tiny, hair-like structures called cilia line the bronchi and sweep the particles and mucus toward t...	A: bronchi.
Many objects have color because they contain what? Here are the choices: A. salts B. solvents C. vitamins D. pigments	Many objects have color because they contain pigments. A pigment is a substance that colors materials by reflecting light of certain wavelengths and absorbing light of other wavelengths. A very common pigment is the dark green pigment called chlorophyll, which is found in plants. Chlorophyll absorbs all but green wavel...	D: pigments.
What is the process of action potentials in myelinated axons jumping between the nodes of ranvier called? Here are the choices: A. pinworm conduction B. photoreactive conduction C. saltatory conduction D. saltatory movement		C: saltatory conduction.

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