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Error code: DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception: DatasetGenerationCastError
Message: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 6 new columns ({'platform', 'high_usd_per_hour', 'median_usd_per_hour', 'low_usd_per_hour', 'tier', 'region'}) and 4 missing columns ({'item', 'category', 'value', 'attribute'}).
This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/zimzum1984/website-project-cost-benchmarks/hourly_rates.csv (at revision e7fbcb4aa699c67b1a7845ddb8a098930bc90180), ['hf://datasets/zimzum1984/website-project-cost-benchmarks@e7fbcb4aa699c67b1a7845ddb8a098930bc90180/cost_benchmarks_flat.csv', 'hf://datasets/zimzum1984/website-project-cost-benchmarks@e7fbcb4aa699c67b1a7845ddb8a098930bc90180/hourly_rates.csv']
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1837, in _prepare_split_single
writer.write_table(table)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 765, in write_table
self._write_table(pa_table, writer_batch_size=writer_batch_size)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 773, in _write_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2369, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2297, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
...<3 lines>...
)
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
platform: string
region: string
tier: string
low_usd_per_hour: int64
median_usd_per_hour: int64
high_usd_per_hour: int64
-- schema metadata --
pandas: '{"index_columns": [{"kind": "range", "name": null, "start": 0, "' + 1010
to
{'category': Value('string'), 'item': Value('string'), 'attribute': Value('string'), 'value': Value('string')}
because column names don't match
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
)
^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
):
^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1839, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
...<4 lines>...
)
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 6 new columns ({'platform', 'high_usd_per_hour', 'median_usd_per_hour', 'low_usd_per_hour', 'tier', 'region'}) and 4 missing columns ({'item', 'category', 'value', 'attribute'}).
This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/zimzum1984/website-project-cost-benchmarks/hourly_rates.csv (at revision e7fbcb4aa699c67b1a7845ddb8a098930bc90180), ['hf://datasets/zimzum1984/website-project-cost-benchmarks@e7fbcb4aa699c67b1a7845ddb8a098930bc90180/cost_benchmarks_flat.csv', 'hf://datasets/zimzum1984/website-project-cost-benchmarks@e7fbcb4aa699c67b1a7845ddb8a098930bc90180/hourly_rates.csv']
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
category string | item string | attribute string | value string |
|---|---|---|---|
base_project_types | landing_page | base_price_usd | 300 |
base_project_types | landing_page | base_weeks | 1 |
base_project_types | landing_page | base_complexity | 8 |
base_project_types | landing_page | default_platform | wordpress |
base_project_types | presentation | base_price_usd | 500 |
base_project_types | presentation | base_weeks | 2 |
base_project_types | presentation | base_complexity | 12 |
base_project_types | presentation | default_platform | wordpress |
base_project_types | portfolio | base_price_usd | 450 |
base_project_types | portfolio | base_weeks | 2 |
base_project_types | portfolio | base_complexity | 15 |
base_project_types | portfolio | default_platform | wordpress |
base_project_types | blog | base_price_usd | 600 |
base_project_types | blog | base_weeks | 3 |
base_project_types | blog | base_complexity | 18 |
base_project_types | blog | default_platform | wordpress |
base_project_types | ecommerce | base_price_usd | 1500 |
base_project_types | ecommerce | base_weeks | 5 |
base_project_types | ecommerce | base_complexity | 35 |
base_project_types | ecommerce | default_platform | shopify |
base_project_types | marketplace | base_price_usd | 5000 |
base_project_types | marketplace | base_weeks | 12 |
base_project_types | marketplace | base_complexity | 60 |
base_project_types | marketplace | default_platform | magento |
base_project_types | web_app | base_price_usd | 4000 |
base_project_types | web_app | base_weeks | 8 |
base_project_types | web_app | base_complexity | 45 |
base_project_types | web_app | default_platform | custom |
platform_multipliers | wordpress | price | 1 |
platform_multipliers | wordpress | complexity_modifier | 0 |
platform_multipliers | wordpress | timeline | 1 |
platform_multipliers | wordpress | hosting_monthly_usd | 15 |
platform_multipliers | wordpress | saas_fee_usd | 0 |
platform_multipliers | shopify | price | 0.85 |
platform_multipliers | shopify | complexity_modifier | -5 |
platform_multipliers | shopify | timeline | 0.8 |
platform_multipliers | shopify | hosting_monthly_usd | 0 |
platform_multipliers | shopify | saas_fee_usd | 39 |
platform_multipliers | woocommerce | price | 1.1 |
platform_multipliers | woocommerce | complexity_modifier | 5 |
platform_multipliers | woocommerce | timeline | 1.1 |
platform_multipliers | woocommerce | hosting_monthly_usd | 25 |
platform_multipliers | woocommerce | saas_fee_usd | 0 |
platform_multipliers | magento | price | 2 |
platform_multipliers | magento | complexity_modifier | 15 |
platform_multipliers | magento | timeline | 1.8 |
platform_multipliers | magento | hosting_monthly_usd | 80 |
platform_multipliers | magento | saas_fee_usd | 0 |
platform_multipliers | custom | price | 2.5 |
platform_multipliers | custom | complexity_modifier | 20 |
platform_multipliers | custom | timeline | 2 |
platform_multipliers | custom | hosting_monthly_usd | 40 |
platform_multipliers | custom | saas_fee_usd | 0 |
geographic_multipliers | south_asia | price | 0.35 |
geographic_multipliers | south_asia | hourly_rate_usd | 15|45 |
geographic_multipliers | eastern_europe | price | 0.55 |
geographic_multipliers | eastern_europe | hourly_rate_usd | 25|50 |
geographic_multipliers | western_europe | price | 1 |
geographic_multipliers | western_europe | hourly_rate_usd | 60|100 |
geographic_multipliers | uk | price | 1.15 |
geographic_multipliers | uk | hourly_rate_gbp | 55|90 |
geographic_multipliers | australia | price | 1.3 |
geographic_multipliers | australia | hourly_rate_aud | 90|150 |
geographic_multipliers | us | price | 1.45 |
geographic_multipliers | us | hourly_rate_usd | 80|150 |
pricing_tier_multipliers | freelancer | global | 1 |
pricing_tier_multipliers | freelancer | hourly_reference_usd | 65 |
pricing_tier_multipliers | freelancer | service_markup | 1 |
pricing_tier_multipliers | agency | global | 2.2 |
pricing_tier_multipliers | agency | hourly_reference_usd | 120 |
pricing_tier_multipliers | agency | service_markup | 1.5 |
urgency_multipliers | relaxed | price | 0.95 |
urgency_multipliers | relaxed | timeline | 1.3 |
urgency_multipliers | relaxed | risk_add | -5 |
urgency_multipliers | normal | price | 1 |
urgency_multipliers | normal | timeline | 1 |
urgency_multipliers | normal | risk_add | 0 |
urgency_multipliers | tight | price | 1.25 |
urgency_multipliers | tight | timeline | 0.75 |
urgency_multipliers | tight | risk_add | 8 |
urgency_multipliers | rush | price | 1.65 |
urgency_multipliers | rush | timeline | 0.5 |
urgency_multipliers | rush | risk_add | 18 |
client_type_multipliers | startup | price | 1 |
client_type_multipliers | startup | timeline | 0.9 |
client_type_multipliers | startup | risk_add | 3 |
client_type_multipliers | small_business | price | 1.05 |
client_type_multipliers | small_business | timeline | 1 |
client_type_multipliers | small_business | risk_add | 0 |
client_type_multipliers | mid_market | price | 1.15 |
client_type_multipliers | mid_market | timeline | 1.2 |
client_type_multipliers | mid_market | risk_add | 4 |
client_type_multipliers | enterprise | price | 1.35 |
client_type_multipliers | enterprise | timeline | 1.5 |
client_type_multipliers | enterprise | risk_add | 8 |
project_origin_multipliers | new_build | price | 1 |
project_origin_multipliers | new_build | timeline | 1 |
project_origin_multipliers | new_build | complexity_add | 0 |
project_origin_multipliers | new_build | risk_add | 0 |
project_origin_multipliers | redesign | price | 1.15 |
Website & App Project Cost Benchmarks 2026
Website & app project cost benchmarks - calibrated on 600+ project quotes and public rate benchmarks. CC-BY 4.0. Source and methodology: https://projectcostestimator.com
This is the dataset behind Project Cost Estimator, an independent website cost estimator. The canonical machine-readable source is the live endpoint https://projectcostestimator.com/api/cost-data (no auth, CORS open). The files here are a published snapshot of that endpoint plus two CSV views derived from it.
- Full report: https://projectcostestimator.com/website-costs-2026-report
- Methodology: https://projectcostestimator.com/methodology
- Interactive calculator: https://projectcostestimator.com/calculator
- Human-readable rate tables: https://projectcostestimator.com/rate-database
Files
| File | Contents |
|---|---|
cost-data.json |
Raw snapshot of the live API response (Schema.org Dataset JSON-LD wrapper, all data under the data key) |
hourly_rates.csv |
Tidy table of web developer hourly rates: one row per platform x region x tier |
cost_benchmarks_flat.csv |
Mechanical flatten of the whole data object: category, item, attribute, value |
What is in the data
All monetary values are USD unless the key says otherwise (hourly_rate_gbp, hourly_rate_aud).
hourly_rates.csv columns
| Column | Meaning |
|---|---|
platform |
One of 12: wordpress, shopify, shopify_plus, woocommerce, magento2, magento1, prestashop, bigcommerce, wix, squarespace, webflow, custom |
region |
One of 6: eastern_europe, western_europe, uk, us, australia, south_asia |
tier |
freelancer or agency |
low_usd_per_hour |
Low end of the observed rate band |
median_usd_per_hour |
Median observed rate |
high_usd_per_hour |
High end of the observed rate band |
Rate sources: Clutch (Apr 2026), Talmatic Global Snapshot, Arc.dev, Upwork medians, TechReviewer, plus other public rate benchmarks. See https://projectcostestimator.com/rate-database for the sourced, human-readable version.
cost-data.json fields (under data)
| Key | Meaning |
|---|---|
base_project_types |
Per project type (landing_page, presentation, portfolio, blog, ecommerce, marketplace, web_app): base_price_usd, base_weeks, base_complexity (0-100 score), default_platform |
platform_multipliers |
Per platform (wordpress, shopify, woocommerce, magento, custom): price and timeline multipliers vs the WordPress baseline, complexity_modifier, hosting_monthly_usd, saas_fee_usd |
geographic_multipliers |
Per market (south_asia, eastern_europe, western_europe, uk, australia, us): price multiplier vs Western Europe baseline and a typical hourly rate band (hourly_rate_usd, hourly_rate_gbp or hourly_rate_aud as `low |
pricing_tier_multipliers |
freelancer vs agency: global price multiplier, hourly_reference_usd, service_markup |
urgency_multipliers |
relaxed, normal, tight, rush: price, timeline, risk_add (percentage points added to the risk score) |
client_type_multipliers |
startup, small_business, mid_market, enterprise: price, timeline, risk_add |
project_origin_multipliers |
new_build, redesign, migration: price, timeline, complexity_add, risk_add |
safety_buffer |
Contingency fractions: default, by_complexity (low, medium, high), by_origin |
compound_multiplier_cap |
Cap applied to the product of all multipliers (8) |
median_project_cost_usd |
Median delivered project cost, freelancer vs agency, for 12 project or platform archetypes |
platform_subscription_fees_monthly_usd |
Published monthly plan fees for Shopify, Wix, Squarespace, Webflow |
methodology |
calibration_sample (600+ quotes), markets_covered (6), accuracy_band, the 9 engine names |
hourly_rate_database |
The nested source of hourly_rates.csv: rates[platform][region][tier] = {low, median, high} in USD per hour |
cost_benchmarks_flat.csv columns
Mechanical flatten of every leaf value in data. category is the top-level key, item the second-level key, attribute the remaining dotted path. Scalar lists are joined with | (for example a rate band 25|50 means low 25, high 50).
Methodology in one paragraph
Base prices per project type are calibrated against 600+ real project quotes across 6 geographic markets, then adjusted by platform, geography, provider tier, urgency, client type and project origin multipliers, with a compound multiplier cap and a complexity-based safety buffer. Stated accuracy band: +/-18%. Full write-up: https://projectcostestimator.com/methodology
License
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Free to use, share and adapt, including commercially, with attribution to projectcostestimator.com. Full text in LICENSE.
Cite as
Project Cost Estimator Website Cost Dataset 2026, projectcostestimator.com/api/cost-data
@misc{projectcostestimator2026,
title = {Website \& App Project Cost Benchmarks 2026},
author = {{Project Cost Estimator}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://projectcostestimator.com/api/cost-data},
note = {CC BY 4.0. Methodology: https://projectcostestimator.com/methodology}
}
Freshness
The live endpoint is the source of truth; this snapshot is refreshed when the upstream data changes (dateModified inside cost-data.json tells you the upstream revision date).
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