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id stringlengths 8 90	text stringlengths 528 58.1k	page_name stringlengths 2 99	topic stringclasses 15 values	subtopic stringclasses 45 values	subjects_top_term stringclasses 279 values
20487_CaliforniaStateRoute7	state route state highway state california running border east north terminus interstate orchard road continues route north route provides convenient access country mexico southern portion route opened rest route connecting opened route description highway begins east border station open seven days week north border hi...	California State Route 7	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
20804_U.S.Route199	route route highway states california oregon highway established spur route replaced interstate stretches miles route near california northeast interstate oregon highway northern portion highway oregon officially known majority road california route california freeway expressway system eligible roadway road established...	U.S. Route 199	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
20951_U.S.Route395inCalifornia	route california state california route mile route traverses interstate near southern city limits north oregon state line near route clips nevada serving cities returning california prior served metropolitan areas san_diego highway serves connection los_angeles area communities highway access highest point united_state...	U.S. Route 395 in California	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
21006_CaliforniaStateRoute115	state route state highway state california runs interstate southeast entire route routing added state highway system constructed officially designated state highway renumbering route description begins interchange heads northwest community briefly enters city near exit city intersects county roads turning north continu...	California State Route 115	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
21070_WashingtonStateRoute9	state route mile long state highway traversing counties state washington highway extends north interchange vicinity north arlington canada border roadways briefly concurrent route arlington near spur route serves trucks traveling british_columbia created roads route current highway roadway extending current southern te...	Washington State Route 9	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
21075_Interstate780	interstate interstate state california serves connect interstate interstate north originally segment interstate extended rerouted city maintained parkway continues west state route route description interstate state maintained freeway begins lemon street parkway quickly crossing underneath cloverleaf interchange freewa...	Interstate 780	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
21230_U.S.Route163	route route highway mile highway runs northward states arizona utah southernmost miles length nation highway forms trail highway cuts heart featured numerous movies commercials highway designated replacing portion old alignment utah routed northern section effectively northern terminus bluff utah state utah briefly pla...	U.S. Route 163	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
21557_ArizonaStateRoute92	state route state highway state arizona running roughly pattern begins ends traffic circle running entirely route constructed numbered late 1930s route traveled north past today routing corrected 1960s route description begins intersection sierra designation roads heading north east intersection heads south passing res...	Arizona State Route 92	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
21760_CaliforniaStateRoute11	state route state route planned connect proposed new mexico border crossing east planning road began 1990s construction started portion complete rest road scheduled completion route description proposed toll facility serve new border crossing east connect corridor connects portion completed segment plans construct inte...	California State Route 11	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
21791_WashingtonStateRoute903	state route mile long state highway located entirely washington united_states highway links provides access interstate highway existed numbered highway highway linking existed previously considered turning control highway happened continues maintain highway route description begins intersection north interchange headed...	Washington State Route 903	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
21796_ArizonaStateRoute96	state route east west mile long state highway central state arizona runs east road near road built late 1930s logged state route section officially system remainder highway officially designated turn century route description begins intersection old approximately miles east junction heads south meet route intersection ...	Arizona State Route 96	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
21806_WashingtonStateRoute220	state route mile long state highway located entirely indian reservation washington united_states highway linked fort state park west east highway built renumbered state highway renumbering route slated removed state highway system legislative session removed april route description started fort state park headed easter...	Washington State Route 220	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
22402_Interstate215(Utah)	interstate utah interstate known locally belt route auxiliary interstate state utah forms degree loop salt_lake_city suburbs route begins mouth canyon junction heads south edge salt_lake_city metropolitan area eastern suburbs continues west murray turning north passing city ring western suburbs enters short distance re...	Interstate 215 (Utah)	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
22722_WashingtonStateRoute433	state route mile long state highway located entirely washington united_states highway begins midway national_register_of_historic_places listed lewis travels north prior state highway renumbering highway highway designation changed state route current route description enters washington national_register_of_historic_pl...	Washington State Route 433	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
22935_Interstate605(Washington)	interstate washington interstate common designation given local media outlets proposals new auxiliary interstate highway bypassing state washington proposals heard 1960s including highways connecting way canada border projects designated time project convert state route limited access freeway construction currently pro...	Interstate 605 (Washington)	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
22969_WashingtonStateRoute503	state route mile long state highway serving clark counties state washington highway travels north short concurrency eastern terminus communities rural crossing yale bridge intersects spur route turns west parallel downstream woodland highway ends interchange interstate highway signed state road current route split wood...	Washington State Route 503	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
22971_WashingtonStateRoute16	state route mile long state highway state washington connecting pierce counties highway signed east west begins interchange interstate travels city freeway narrows crosses narrows partially narrows bridge continues port orchard freeway ends designation ends intersection southwest beginning freeway designated strategic ...	Washington State Route 16	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
23219_WashingtonStateRoute163	state route mile long state highway state washington highway serves city community traveling ferry route community begins interchange travels north pearl street designation continues ferry established highway renumbering extending auburn highway previously early 20th century designated branch state road primary state h...	Washington State Route 163	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
23456_ArizonaStateRoute347	state route known miles long north south state highway central arizona route begins heads north passes meeting route ends interchange interstate south primarily serves major road road lies short stretch chin indian community road built late 1930s established state highway 1990s average vehicles use roadway daily route ...	Arizona State Route 347	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
23583_WashingtonStateRoute538	state route alternatively named mile long state highway located northern area city limits urban growth boundary located subdivision state washington highway existed county road travels interstate west passing route riverside drive main campus terminating roundabout designated current roadway county road farmland years ...	Washington State Route 538	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
23652_Interstate80inNevada	interstate nevada interstate traverses northern portion state nevada freeway serves sparks metropolitan area goes towns wells way state follows historical routes feather river route portions nevada entire state follows historical routes state route route freeway corridor follows paths rivers transportation corridor 184...	Interstate 80 in Nevada	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
23903_CaliforniaStateRoute14	state route north south state highway state california largely southern portion highway signed route connects interstate golden state freeway border city north los_angeles neighborhoods south near route extends south state route area los_angeles portion south junction constructed southern constructed route busy commute...	California State Route 14	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
23972_CaliforniaStateRoute198	state route east west state highway begins route south ends national park connects mid developed portion intersects major north south routes including interstate highway approved construction 1910s bond issues added state highway system parts highway upgraded freeway 1960s portion converted expressway completion schedu...	California State Route 198	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
24081_SierraHighway	sierra highway road southern_california united_states refers length trail formed 19th century rebuilt highways early 20th century ran los_angeles lake following parts modern state route route state route portions road currently signed sierra highway old alignment route los_angeles road signed unusual designation state ...	Sierra Highway	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
24096_UtahStateRoute143	utah state route state route state highway state utah entire highway designated lake scenic program road designated utah parkway program miles long connects providing access second highest paved road state feet sea level western section road started logging road nineteenth century pioneers designated state highway year...	Utah State Route 143	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
24112_CaliforniaStateRoute70	state route state highway state california connecting sacramento route near lowest sierra nevada forest service parallels western pacific railroad feather river route trail earliest predecessor spur california trail followed railroad built route trail dirt road needed construction later converted present state highway ...	California State Route 70	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
24116_PeñaBoulevard	named denver mayor mile long freeway located colorado freeway opened provides primary access denver international airport opened time begins extension airport boulevard aurora interchange interstate travels north east end airport intermediate interchange route description denver international airport access highway beg...	Peña Boulevard	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
24184_CaliforniaStateRoute905	state route state highway san_diego california connects interstate interstate united_states mexico border entire highway international border freeway exits continues east interchange turning southeast reaching border routed existence route designated redesignated freeway completed road border crossing opened delays obt...	California State Route 905	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
24448_ColoradoStateHighway112	colorado state highway state highway mile long state highway southern colorado built formally defined route begins western end junction highway road travels east crossing miles west center reaching eastern terminus meets route description route begins central begins northward oak street crossing route exits city curves...	Colorado State Highway 112	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
24658_CaliforniaStateRoute47	california state route state route state highway state california connecting mainland los_angeles area south end heads east vincent thomas bridge island end state maintenance state highway begins junction crossing bridge north mainland second terminus begins signage continues locally maintained route mainly street free...	California State Route 47	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
24824_CaliforniaStateRoute46	california state route state route east west state highway state california major crossing connecting near east carried route california freeway expressway system lane highway highway near eligible designated road built improved 1920s fully paved majority originally designated entirely removed highway system eastern po...	California State Route 46	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
25078_WashingtonStateRoute224	state route mile long state highway located entirely washington united_states highway serves connect interstate link state highway renumbering highway numbered lightly traveled rural highway average cars traveled highway daily currently studying plans alleviate traffic congestion western terminus highway plans ranging ...	Washington State Route 224	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
25198_CaliforniaStateRoute37	state route state highway northern california runs miles northern shore built route runs southern tips counties interstate serves vital connection counties north san_francisco flags discovery kingdom accessible route route proposed built freeway standards early 1950s proposal met economic environmental obstacles making...	California State Route 37	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
25247_WashingtonStateRoute4	state route mile long state highway serving southwestern region state washington highway officially known travels east route counties interchange interstate designated lewis state scenic national_highway_system highway forms route ran creation united_states numbered highways signed created successor unsigned state high...	Washington State Route 4	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
25507_U.S.Route730	route route east west miles miles state oregon highway starts rural interchange interstate located east city travels east continuation columbia river highway intersecting city form short concurrency city highways continuing northeast washington highway travels rural ends intersection south created original united_state...	U.S. Route 730	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
26058_WashingtonStateRoute410	state route partially named named stephen memorial parkway mile long state highway traverses counties state washington begins interchange travels southeast cascade range junction western freeway serves built urban areas remainder route surface road traverses rural areas passes mountains route starts limited access sout...	Washington State Route 410	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
26066_CaliforniaStateRoute244	state route short unsigned freeway connection northeast sacramento california united_states connects junction interstate old route route added state highway system renumbered renumbering portions route removed system late route description starts east westernmost ramps avenue exit east connector ramps passes terminus t...	California State Route 244	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
26087_CaliforniaStateRoute133	state route state highway state california connects freeways ending toll road city portion north california freeway expressway system built expressway south freeway freeway near constructed county road 1910s portion upgraded freeway decades later plans extend freeway south canceled state southern road remains undivided...	California State Route 133	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
26093_WashingtonStateRoute17	state route mile long state highway serving central region state washington highway travels rural areas franklin adams grant douglas counties designated national_highway_system moses lake passing grand begins interchange travels north intersects near entering highway intersects interstate travels partial expressway con...	Washington State Route 17	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
26202_WashingtonStateRoute231	state route mile long state highway state washington serving communities lincoln stevens counties highway located entirely west serves route extends north concurrency near intersection south established concurrency existed state road later secondary state highway established formed highway crosses constructed added nat...	Washington State Route 231	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
26718_WashingtonStateRoute7	state route state highway lewis pierce counties located state washington mile long roadway begins continues north intersect state highways ends interchange interstate road names second street rural areas pacific avenue 38th street near end highway short freeway proposed extended south parallel existing railroad owned s...	Washington State Route 7	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
26735_MontanaHighway48	montana highway short state maintained highway located southwestern region state montana highway miles long connects interstate passing mainly rural mining areas designated portions highway existed location route description begins intersection lane paved road highway proceeds northeastward rural mining land short dist...	Montana Highway 48	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
26991_WashingtonStateRoute22	state route mile long state highway spanning counties state washington existing highway serves connect small communities bypassed interstate section southeastern bypass highway lightly traveled passing mainly rural farmland highway parallels railway line majority route rail line highway years digit highway numbers wash...	Washington State Route 22	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
27233_WashingtonStateRoute308	state route mile long state highway state washington serving community highway travels generally east interchange east naval base main entrance naval warfare center codified branch state road continued branch highway renumbering branch section ran spur route serving established old route extended freeway routed new fre...	Washington State Route 308	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
27274_WashingtonStateRoute27	state route mile long state highway serving counties located eastern region state washington highway travels generally north route north interchange interstate serves region travels west east idaho auxiliary routes connecting highways highway state highway system later branch highways combined form highway renumbering ...	Washington State Route 27	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
27550_ColoradoStateHighway74	colorado state highway state highway state colorado running miles interstate morrison highway roughly follows hook shaped path running northwest southeast section route north town known parkway segment lane roadway section east lanes section known bear creek road primarily parallels passing towns route outskirts denver...	Colorado State Highway 74	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
27670_U.S.Route12inWashington	route washington route major east west highway running washington detroit michigan spans miles state washington numbered highway span entire state west east starting near pacific_ocean crossing idaho state line near crosses cascade range south mount national park portions concurrent interstate interstate majority route...	U.S. Route 12 in Washington	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
27904_WashingtonStateRoute502	state route officially known battle ground highway mile long state highway state washington serving city highway travels east interchange interstate north dollars corner intersection serving connector prior highway renumbering established highway traveled south current western terminus construction new interchange proj...	Washington State Route 502	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
27986_WashingtonStateRoute100	state route mile long state highway state washington serving highway travels route south cape disappointment north intersection lewis serves loop route spur route serves state park station established existing paved county road late 1950s highway washed away winter storm spur route shortened route description begins in...	Washington State Route 100	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
28112_U.S.Route89inUtah	route utah state utah route long north south state highway spanning miles central state serves local road paralleling occasionally interstate portions arizona north northeast wyoming serve separate corridors provides access national parks arizona connects logan state interstate established state road initially extended...	U.S. Route 89 in Utah	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
28176_CaliforniaStateRoute174	california state route state route state highway state california lane mile highway added state highway system connects interstate crossing concrete arch bridge majority highway eligible local residents blocked designation property rights concerns route description state route begins exit immediately crossing route tur...	California State Route 174	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
28314_WashingtonStateRoute162	washington state route state route mile long state highway state washington serving rural highway travels interchange travels south northeast south prairie ending intersection near established successor codified highway crosses northwest bridge opened scheduled replaced newer bridge begin construction route description...	Washington State Route 162	Engineering and technology	Transport	Road infrastructure: Western United States
77_EdwardCreutz	january june american physicist worked manhattan_project world war war professor physics vice president research general published papers physics mathematics science policy held patents relating nuclear energy graduate helped princeton_university build world war worked nuclear design designing cooling system water cool...	Edward Creutz	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
98_FrederickReines	march august american physicist awarded nobel prize physics detection experiment scientist history associated discovery elementary particle subsequent thorough investigation fundamental properties graduate joined manhattan_project working group group leader participated number nuclear tests culminating director test se...	Frederick Reines	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
692_IsaacNewton	sir december march english physicist mathematician described day natural philosopher widely recognised influential scientists time key figure scientific revolution book mathematical principles natural philosophy published laid foundations classical mechanics newton seminal contributions shares credit development newton...	Isaac Newton	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
961_HenryDeWolfSmyth	september american physicist diplomat played number key roles early development nuclear energy participant manhattan_project member ambassador educated princeton_university university_of_cambridge faculty member princeton chaired department early research gases interests shifted nuclear physics beginning mid-1930s worl...	Henry DeWolf Smyth	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
1398_ArthurCompton	september march american physicist won nobel prize physics discovery effect demonstrated particle nature electromagnetic radiation sensational discovery time wave nature light demonstrated idea light wave particle properties easily accepted known leadership served chancellor awarded allowed students study abroad chose ...	Arthur Compton	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
1484_BoyceMcDaniel	june american nuclear physicist worked manhattan_project later directed skilled constructing smashing devices study fundamental structure matter helped build powerful particle time graduate student invented pair world war electronics expertise help develop separate noted having performed final check atomic bomb prior t...	Boyce McDaniel	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
2518_JamesRainwater	december american physicist shared nobel prize physics determining shapes certain atomic world war worked manhattan_project developed atomic bombs began developing theory contrary believed atomic spherical ideas later tested confirmed experiments contributed scientific understanding rays participated naval research pro...	James Rainwater	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
3366_RobertBacher	august november american nuclear physicist leaders manhattan_project born ohio obtained undergraduate degree doctorate university_of_michigan writing doctoral thesis supervision effect structure atomic levels graduate work mit accepted job columbia_university accepted offer work new_york university town similar wife je...	Robert Bacher	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
3941_RobertR.Wilson	march january american physicist known work manhattan_project world war sculptor architect director graduate phd wilson received doctorate supervision work development subsequently went princeton_university work electromagnetic separation wilson colleagues joined manhattan_project wilson head later war wilson briefly j...	Robert R. Wilson	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
4175_SamuelKingAllison	november september american physicist notable role manhattan_project awarded medal merit director later worked rode herd final stages project committee read countdown trinity nuclear test war involved scientists movement lobbying civilian control nuclear weapons early life born chicago illinois november son elementary ...	Samuel King Allison	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
4678_JamesClerkMaxwell	june november scottish scientist field mathematical physics notable achievement classical theory electromagnetic radiation bringing time electricity light phenomenon called second great unification physics realised publication demonstrated electric magnetic fields travel space waves moving speed light proposed light me...	James Clerk Maxwell	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
5162_EugeneWigner	hungarian november january hungarian american theoretical physicist mathematician received half nobel prize physics contributions theory atomic nucleus elementary particles particularly discovery application fundamental symmetry principles graduate worked assistant berlin responsible introducing group theory physics pa...	Eugene Wigner	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
5199_MarieCurie	french polish november july born polish french physicist chemist conducted pioneering research woman win nobel prize person woman win twice person win twice multiple sciences family legacy nobel prizes woman professor woman merits paris born warsaw russian_empire studied warsaw clandestine began practical scientific tr...	Marie Curie	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
5431_WalterZinn	december february nuclear physicist director worked world war supervised construction chicago world nuclear went critical december university_of_chicago designed built new including experimental nuclear produce electric power went live december early life born berlin ontario december son worked tire factory older broth...	Walter Zinn	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
6260_MaxBorn	german december january german physicist mathematician instrumental development quantum mechanics contributions solid state physics supervised work number notable 1920s 1930s born won nobel prize physics fundamental research especially statistical interpretation wave function born born germany poland known entered foun...	Max Born	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
6780_RaemerSchreiber	november december american physicist oregon served world war participating development atomic bomb saw detonated trinity nuclear test july prepared fat man bomb bombing nagasaki war served group leader involved design hydrogen bomb head nuclear rocket propulsion division developed nuclear powered rockets served deputy ...	Raemer Schreiber	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
6943_RobertBrode	june february american physicist world war led group manhattan_project laboratory developed atomic bombing hiroshima nagasaki graduate earned doctorate attended oxford_university rhodes scholarship world war worked helped develop proximity fuse group leader dozen prominent scientists petitioned president declare united...	Robert Brode	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
7122_MarieCurie	french polish november july born polish french physicist chemist conducted pioneering research woman win nobel prize person woman win twice person win twice multiple sciences family legacy nobel prizes woman professor woman merits paris born warsaw russian_empire studied warsaw clandestine began practical scientific tr...	Marie Curie	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
7546_BrunoRossi	april november italian experimental physicist major contributions particle physics study cosmic rays graduate interested cosmic rays study invented improved electronic coincidence circuit travelled conduct experiments showed cosmic ray intensity west significantly larger east forced october italian racial laws moved de...	Bruno Rossi	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
8188_MujaddidAhmedIjaz	june july pakistani american experimental physicist noted role discovering new expanded atomic chart discovered enabled significant advances medical research particularly treatment cancer advanced experimental understanding nuclear structures conducted research work colleagues published papers physics journals announci...	Mujaddid Ahmed Ijaz	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
8587_JohnArchibaldWheeler	july april american theoretical physicist largely responsible reviving interest general united_states world war worked explaining basic principles nuclear developed concept process best known linking term black hole objects collapse predicted early 20th century terms quantum foam bit electron universe earned doctorate ...	John Archibald Wheeler	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
10594_DonaldWilliamKerst	november august american physicist worked advanced particle concepts physics physics notable development novel type particle accelerate graduate developed operational july world war took leave absence work engineering staff general_electric designed portable bombs joined manhattan_project responsible designing building...	Donald William Kerst	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
11250_AlbertEinstein	german march april german born theoretical physicist developed general theory pillars modern physics alongside quantum mechanics work known influence philosophy science best known popular culture mass energy formula dubbed world famous equation received nobel prize physics services theoretical physics particular discov...	Albert Einstein	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
11421_AageBohr	danish june september danish nuclear physicist shared nobel prize physics discovery connection collective motion particle motion atomic development theory structure atomic nucleus based connection starting concept irregular shaped liquid drop model nucleus developed detailed theory close agreement experiments father wo...	Aage Bohr	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
12078_GeorgeT.Reynolds	april american physicist best known accomplishments particle physics environmental science received phd physics princeton writing thesis propagation shock waves world war joined united_states_navy served manhattan_project worked design explosive lenses required type nuclear weapon involved investigation disaster served...	George T. Reynolds	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
12520_HughBradner	november american physicist credited helped diving graduate ohio received doctorate california worked naval ordnance laboratory world war researched naval mines recruited join manhattan_project worked scientists including development high explosives exploding required atomic bombs war took position studying high energy...	Hugh Bradner	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
12665_Chien-ShiungWu	simplified chinese traditional chinese pinyin february chinese american experimental physicist significant contributions field nuclear physics worked manhattan_project helped develop process separating metal best known conducting experiment contradicted hypothetical law conservation discovery resulted colleagues lee wi...	Chien-Shiung Wu	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
13618_KatharineWay	way february december american physicist best known work world war worked manhattan_project chicago professor education early life born pennsylvania second child lawyer wife older brother younger sister originally named catherine later changed friends colleagues generally knew mother died years old father married ear t...	Katharine Way	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
14644_PhilipMorrison	november april professor physics mit known work manhattan_project world war later work quantum physics nuclear physics high energy graduate morrison interested physics studied supervision joined communist_party world war joined university_of_chicago worked design nuclear moved manhattan_project new_mexico worked develo...	Philip Morrison	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
14710_ValLogsdonFitch	march february american nuclear physicist researcher awarded nobel prize physics experiment alternating gradient proved certain reactions adhere fundamental symmetry principles specifically proved examining decay reaction run reverse path original reaction showed reactions particles indifferent time phenomenon violatio...	Val Logsdon Fitch	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
15383_BrianJosephson	born january welsh theoretical physicist professor emeritus physics university_of_cambridge best known pioneering work quantum awarded nobel prize physics prediction effect year old phd student cambridge won nobel prize physics shared prize jointly received half award work quantum spent academic career member theory co...	Brian Josephson	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
15964_HildeLevi	july german danish physicist pioneer use radioactive biology medicine notably techniques dating later life scientific historian published biography born non religious jewish family frankfurt germany entered carried doctoral studies berlin writing thesis metal supervision time received elected office germany jews longer...	Hilde Levi	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
16963_LuisWalterAlvarez	june september american experimental physicist inventor professor awarded nobel prize physics commented brilliant productive experimental twentieth century receiving phd university_of_chicago went work devised set experiments observe electron capture radioactive predicted beta decay theory observed produced measured li...	Luis Walter Alvarez	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
19028_CharlesCritchfield	june february american mathematical physicist graduate earned phd physics direction conducted research princeton received patents improved designs persuaded come manhattan_project joined captain gun type weapons thin man discovered design work transferred leader group responsible design testing provided burst kick star...	Charles Critchfield	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
19844_KennethBainbridge	july july american physicist harvard_university work research precise measurements mass differences nuclear allowed confirm mass energy concept director manhattan_project trinity nuclear test took place july described trinity explosion foul awesome display remarked immediately test sons marked beginning dedication endi...	Kenneth Bainbridge	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
23296_KlausFuchs	december january german theoretical physicist atomic spy convicted supplying information american british soviet_union shortly second world war responsible significant theoretical calculations relating nuclear weapons later early models hydrogen bomb son lutheran pastor attended father professor theology involved stude...	Klaus Fuchs	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
23447_EdwardCondon	march march distinguished american nuclear physicist pioneer quantum mechanics participant development radar nuclear weapons world war manhattan_project principle rules named director president president mccarthy period efforts root communist united_states target house american activities committee grounds follower new...	Edward Condon	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
23742_BernardWaldman	october november american physicist flew hiroshima atomic bombing mission world war graduate joined faculty world war served united_states_navy engineering officer headed group conducted blast measurements trinity nuclear test served project alberta war returned notre dame director dean notre dame associate director ea...	Bernard Waldman	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
25372_HansBethe	german july march german american nuclear physicist addition making important contributions quantum solid state physics won nobel prize physics work theory stellar career professor world war head secret laboratory developed atomic bombs played key role calculating critical mass weapons developing theory method trinity ...	Hans Bethe	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
25926_LeonaWoods	august november later known american physicist helped build nuclear atomic bomb age youngest female member team built experimented world nuclear called pile chicago project led mentor particular woods instrumental construction analysis experimentation woman present went critical worked manhattan_project husband subsequ...	Leona Woods	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
26779_AlvinC.Graves	november july american nuclear physicist served world war war head director assistant director numerous nuclear weapons tests 1940s 1950s graves badly injured laboratory accident killed recovered early life born november youngest children son engineer member world war graves attended graduated class bachelor degree ele...	Alvin C. Graves	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
27460_AlvinM.Weinberg	april october american nuclear physicist administrator manhattan_project came tennessee remained death use term bargain describe nuclear energy graduate university_of_chicago awarded doctorate mathematical joined september following year task design nuclear convert replaced director research director laboratory directi...	Alvin M. Weinberg	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
27567_RobertF.Christy	october canadian american theoretical physicist later surviving people worked manhattan_project world war briefly president graduate 1930s studied physics followed year ahead accepted graduate student leading theoretical physicist united_states time received doctorate joined physics department joined manhattan_project ...	Robert F. Christy	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
27757_JamesFranck	august german physicist won nobel prize physics discovery laws governing impact electron completed doctorate frederick william university berlin taught having reached position professor served volunteer german_army world war seriously injured gas attack awarded 1st class head kaiser professor experimental physics direc...	James Franck	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
27998_EricBurhop	january january australian physicist humanitarian graduate awarded exhibition scholarship study lord supervision investigated nuclear fusion produced non theory effect followed treatment following year later wrote monograph subject returned lecturer helped professor build physics department second world war worked sydn...	Eric Burhop	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
28129_NorrisBradbury	august american physicist served director years succeeded personally chose position director working closely manhattan_project world war charge final assembly detonated july trinity test took charge difficult time staff leaving living conditions poor possibility laboratory close managed persuade staff stay got renew co...	Norris Bradbury	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
28337_HarrieMassey	sir november australian mathematical physicist worked primarily fields atomic atmospheric physics graduate cambridge_university earned doctorate independent lecturer appointed professor applied mathematics second world war worked helped german magnetic naval mines admiralty mining establishment helped develop british n...	Harrie Massey	Natural sciences	Physics and astronomy	Physicists
78_LeanneDelToso	born august point wheelchair basketball player represented australia summer paralympics london won silver medal diagnosed chronic age nineteen started playing wheelchair basketball playing local victorian competition named league valuable player year started playing following year named team players player valuable pla...	Leanne Del Toso	Sports and recreation	Basketball	Basketball

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