question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How do breweries and wineries maintain a consistent flavor profile for their products, year after year? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Lots of chemical science and a base batch of fermented liquid to flavor. There isn't a lot of nuance in mass marketed booze, and practically every part of a flavor can be measured and replicated. The varietals are all put together the same way with tried and tested yeasts for exact Temps and times. They've removed a lo... | Other |
How exactly does aging of cells work and how come some organisms get to live really long lives and some age very fast? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cell aging happens because each time a cell divides there is a chance that the division doesn't happen perfectly and one of the resulting daughter cells has a flaw and doesn't function correctly. This mostly happens at the tail end of the DNA which is the last piece to split when your DNA replicates itself. At the end ... | Biology |
Why does tap water (and fountain water) taste different in different cities even though I'm in the same state? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most fountain water is unfiltered tap water. Different cities have different laws and practices of which chemicals in what concentrations they use to treat the water. Different types/ages of piping can also affect taste. The closer to the treatment plant you are, the more chlorine you'll taste/smell because it's still ... | Chemistry |
Why is water 'harder than concrete' if you fall into it from a great height? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is not harder, but at high enought speed the effect is the same. You die. Imagine for example what happens when you slowly soak your hand in water, there is no resistance. Slap the water and you will feel the impact. Slap it hard enought and you will feel pain. This happens because when you go slow the water mollecu... | Physics |
How did the blue raspberry flavor come about? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because some raspberries are actually blue! Well, blue-ish. The fruit of the 'white bark raspberry' is red when unripe but can turn blue as it ripens, though when it's properly ripe it's usually purple or black. In sweet flavoured foods, using blue for raspberry helps distinguish it from strawberry or cherry. | Other |
How exactly did privatization of student loan debt in the US affect tuition rates? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Colleges sell a product that isn't cheap. A 4 year degree requires professors, classrooms, equipment, etc... It very likely costs them no less than $5-10k/year per student. Some of that may be subsidized, but that's a different conversation. That means your target market is someone looking for education that also has a... | Economics |
is it more efficient to turn off your heat or to turn it down when going to sleep/leaving your home for long periods of time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's always more *efficient* (or at least *as efficient*) to turn it off, but that's not the primary concern when it comes to one's home. Overnight, there's a minimum temperature below which the occupants will get uncomfortable. Set the thermostat to that level. If the home passively retains enough heat overnight to re... | Technology |
why do our nails curl round when they're extremely long? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I’m going to make a completely uninformed guess. The face of the nail is exposed to all kinds of hazards / environmental stresses, so it has to grow an extra-thick layer of hard protein to protect it. The cells on the underside, protected as the are from those factors, don’t need that layer, and are thereby physically ... | Biology |
Why does some face wash bring out more acne even if it considered harsher for you skin? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some harsher face washes have chemicals that severly dry out your skin. This temporarily may help your acne. But your body then notices how dry your skin is and will produces extra oils to moisten your skin. This increased level of oil then creates more acne and the viscious cycle begins again. I hope this makes sense. | Biology |
If wealth was equally distributed throughout a first World country, what would the quality if life be like for any given individual? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Conceptually, basically identical for the average income level. For extremely wealthy people only a small proportion of their wealth is in the form of amenities. An expensive mansion can really only house a few people in total, they only have so many clothes, etc. Spreading them over the entire population does effectiv... | Economics |
How can we split an atom of atoms technically never touch? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Touching is a weird concept. When you think about touching from the perspective of the sense of touch, what you are sensing is pressure, or force. Do atoms exert forces on each other? Certainly yes, via electrostatic repulsion and the pauli exclusion principle. Do atoms have hard surfaces that can directly come into co... | Physics |
How do apple/google maps know where traffic is and how quickly can it be worked out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Since they track everybody's locations in real time, they knowl how fast you are moving. If a group of people they are tracking are suddenly stopped or slowing down on an open the road, it's obviously a traffic situation. Google has also added real time user updates like Waze used to do, to supplement that information. | Technology |
Why is it mathematically impossible to solve polynomials of degree 5 or higher? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | [This is one of the deepest rabbit holes of mathematics, actually]( URL_0 ). The question seems innocent enough, but it drops off like the continental shelf. It's been driving mathematicians nuts since the 1500s. Then a French kid named [Evariste Galois]( URL_1 ), figures out the answer to this question (which is profo... | Mathematics |
Why does money "adjusted for inflation" still lack purchasing power? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Inflation adjustment is meant to take out the common changes in price over time, but it isn't supposed to make everything cost the same always. If it did, we wouldn't stand to learn much from the prices. It's worth noting that many things have substantially *decreased* in price after accounting for inflation. Most thin... | Economics |
Why does a company want to sell my personal info? To whom? For how much? What's the data even look like? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So the big common misunderstanding is that Facebook, Google, and most large companies **don't** actually sell your personal information. Yes they collect it, but they don't sell it. Smaller and more unscrupulous companies will sell your data though, usually to email spammers. The big guys instead collect it, research i... | Technology |
How does your body know to increase the amount you have to go to the bathroom, the closer you get to your house? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's entirely neurological. It's like Pavlov's experiment with dogs. Our brains don't make every sensation conscious. If it did, we would be overwhelmed by sensory input. As our bladder becomes more full, the stretch activates our brain to want to pee. Our brain has adapted over time to activate that response based on ... | Biology |
The cult of Volvo owners. What makes Volvos so beloved? What makes them preferable/superior to other manufacturers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Volvos are incredibly safe. They're engineered to safety standards that far surpass regular US standards. One of the founders of Volvo had a wife killed in an auto accident and ever since then, they've been pioneers in automobile safety and standards. They enforce standards that haven't been made required yet which is ... | Technology |
Why are there sudden changes of temperature when you’re walking near a running body of water? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Evaporation takes away heat energy from the surroundings. So the water is sucking up energy, causing the surrounding temperature to fall. In a still body of water, the warm water rises to the top. This layer of warm water doesn't absorb that much heat before it evaporates. In a moving body of water, this layer gets mix... | Earth Science |
How do growth spurts actually work, and why does such a drastic jump in height/size not happen at any other point during human development? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The surge in hormones during adolescence affects the brain as well as the body. In adolescence, growth spurts prepare people for reproduction, like by making female bodies better able to support a baby, etc. And male bodies stronger probably for evolutionary hunter purposes. Babies develop even faster for their first f... | Biology |
Why does something just smelling/tasting bad make some people physically sick, even though they haven't consumed any of the item in question? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is something called taste aversion. Basically, you have smelled something similar to the bad smelling thing in your past and it has done some sort of harm to your body, and your brain makes a copy of that smell so that your brain knows "If we smell/taste this again, get it away immediately!". | Biology |
How do investment firms work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Kinda, yeah. Buy low, sell high. Think of it as a house flipping show but for businesses. Buy out that old mom & pop restaurant, gut it, then remodel it to spec for a local restaurant group. There's a company in my town that's basically playing Monopoly. They're slowly buying up whole city blocks parcel by parcel near ... | Economics |
Why do some states require you to reveal your identity when you win the lottery? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's to prove that it wasn't a scam. The lottery is generally regulated by the government to some capacity and so they want to ensure that it's transparent. If you didn't require to reveal the identity of the winner it would be very easy to see a situation where the governor's siblings all just happen to be the winners... | Other |
What purpose do silent letters in words serve? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Silent letters are often remnants from older versions of the language. How we pronounce letters and words change over time. Sometimes certain sounds require specific letter combinations that modify each other but over time the modified usage becomes the dominant sound and so the modifying letters effectively become sil... | Other |
How an adblock block the ads? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | All the ads come form pretty much the same handful of companies, so an adblock just needs to block access to those companies websites and that stops the ads from downloading, a blank box for the ads still remains, but since the code of the box is pretty recognizable, the adblock can remove that as well pretty easily | Technology |
how do random number generators work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not. It can only generate psuedo random numbers based on input it has. It may take the mouse input for example and use that to generate a number. Or use the time in milliseconds for example. It also means if you know the input and the algorithm you can predict the numbers. | Mathematics |
why is the perfect ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in rocket combustion 6:1 and not 8:1? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I understand why you think that, but the stoichiometric ratio is not the most important consideration when determining propellant and oxidizer ratios. Burning propellants is most efficient, in terms of heat produced per mass of propellant, at the stoichiometric ratio, which as you know is 8:1 for hydrogen and oxygen, b... | Chemistry |
If a chimp of average intelligence is about as intelligent as your average 3 year old, what's the barrier keeping a truly exceptional chimp from being as bright as an average adult? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The human brain goes through some quite interesting milestones as it develops. To start off with it's basically identical to a mid-range animal brain - hence why babies are dumb as shit. Towards about age 4, it first develops an ability called Theory of Mind, which is a set of skills that allow it to understand that ot... | Biology |
What's the difference between a Roth Ira and a Traditional Ira? How do they work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In a Traditional IRA, the money you contribute is Pre-tax, that is you don't pay tax on it in the current year. In a Roth IRA, the money you contribute is Post-tax, that is you don't deduct it from your income in the present year. OTOH, when you start drawing money from a Traditional IRA, it is fully taxable, both prin... | Economics |
how do Android phones get slower over the years? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The phone do not get slower but is is the software that is updated and newer version in general have more feature and require higher performance/memory on the phone. New software and OS is designed to use You often add more and more software where som it it run in the background so the phone have more to do more. So us... | Technology |
What does a a movie producer actually do for the movie? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Typically EPs are ones that just put up money. Producers do a ton of work. They are the general managers of a film. They manage the budgets, all the stars, the director, organize everything on the set, ensure they stick to the production schedule, determine how to handle cost overruns, etc etc. If Da Vinci was a direct... | Other |
How is it possible that Next Gen Graphics Engines can render billions of triangles, dynamic lighting, DOF etc at 60fps+ but making a single frame with similar settings in a 3D rendering program would take minute to hours to render? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Basically graphics engines take lots of shortcuts. When you're looking at a rough surface, is it really rough? Or is it just a texture of something rough. Far away objects are reduced in complexity, which you don't notice (because it's far away), but it's there. A proper 3D rendering program sends light from a light so... | Technology |
Why do white people exist? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because where white people went there wasn't any sun to burn. Caucasian skin formed in europe and northen asia, where the sun isn't shining at full power all year round. During winter it was very dark and the 'day' only lasts a handful of hours. Having lighter skin helps act against vitamin-D shortage, which is a benef... | Biology |
Why do we have to limit clock speed on processors? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One problem is that circuits are really analog, even if we can normally treat them as digital. If you take something like an AND gate, we can normally just assume that its output will be on when both inputs are on, and off otherwise. But when the inputs change, it actually takes some fraction of a second for the output... | Technology |
If a bathroom is full of steam why does a towel not get saturated absorbing all the water in the air and can still dry someone off? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Air that is saturated with water will hold onto that water until it cools down. So unless the towel is much cooler than the air, it's not going to significantly cool the air. Therefore, it's not going to create condensation on itself. Also, when water condenses, it gives off some heat, so what little condensation does ... | Other |
Do people with perfect pitch actually hear themselves perfectly or do they have a different talent? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your voice sounding differently in recordings isn’t a change in pitch, but in timbre. When you sing, you don’t produce one single pure tone, but a complex series of overtones that gives each voice a slightly different sound. The difference between how you hear yourself and how a recording of you sounds is a change in w... | Biology |
Why was our recent 'economic growth' just a bubble and not real growth of the economy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Shutting down all workplaces for a month will trigger a recession and massive economic losses, even if it took place in the greatest economic time period in history. No economy is designed to be able to withstand a month of shutdowns. To say it happened because it was a bubble is false. | Economics |
When a company gets bought out, how do they (the bought company) decide where the money goes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > Is it split among the owners? Shareholders? Those are the same thing. This is where the money goes; ownership is being bought so the people who have it are the ones who get paid for giving it up. > Employees? Hah! Not unless they own stock. > Used to pay off existing debt? Used to pay off employee redundancies? Nope,... | Economics |
In music theory, what determines a chord's name? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Short version : the distance in pitch between the individual notes in the chord. Long version: a chord is 3 notes or more played simultaneously. As you may already know, there are 7 "whole" notes: A B C D E F G. It's the distance between notes in that chord that give the chord its "name". About how we measure the dista... | Other |
During, for example, the Crash of 1929, if everyone is selling their stocks, who buys them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | "So if everyone is selling their stocks, what happens when no one wants to buy?" thats exactly what happened. The value of a stock is determined by how much people are willing to pay for it and how many people are willing to sell at this price. since NO ONE wanted to buy the stocks, the value plumeted until people star... | Economics |
How come your glasses don't focus light and burn your cheek from the sun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are 2 general kinds of lens: those that spread light apart (diverging) and those that bend light together (converging). Nearsighted people wear diverging lens glasses, whike farsighted folks wear converging. So, for nearsighted folks, their glasses can't focus light to concentrate the sun's rays. The other folks,... | Physics |
how do scientists know the Earth's core is liquid if no one has ever seen it or extracted a sample? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Earthquakes generate different kinds of seismic waves that behave differently when passing through different materials. Notable, one of the types of waves (S waves) don't pass through liquids. This creates a kind of "shadow" that tells us that part of the core is liquid. But the behavior of the other kind of waves (P w... | Earth Science |
What happens when somebody drinks themselves to death by drinking too much alcohol in a short period of time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Essentially, alcohol works as a depressant for neural activity. The alcohol molecule binds to receptors on your neurons and reduces the overall neural activity in different parts of your brain. This usually begins on the outermost regions of the brain, your prefrontal cortex, which is in charge of your logical, rationa... | Biology |
What exactly is an abscess, and when/why does it need to be drained? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes. Basically pus are dead cells. The body makes a capsule to isolate it from healthy cells. You must drain it as fast as possible cause if your immunity can't deal with it anymore, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream and cause a Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome then if it's untreated goes into sepsis with s... | Biology |
Why are people hating on Apple for removing Fortnite? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | People hate on Apple because Fortnite is a popular game and now people can't play it on their Iphone. Apple is free to do whatever they want with their apps store, the problem is that you can't install an apps on an Apple product unless it's by the apps store. This could be viewed as a monopoly and an unfair practice a... | Technology |
Why do CT scans spin in circles? I just don’t understand why you need to go into a really loud scary tube rather than just getting a standard x-ray? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you take an x-ray you get a flat 2d image. Is the cloudiness inside the lung, or outside the lung? You can’t tell on a flat image. But if you spin the x-ray and take a shot from every angle, you can connect those shots together and get a 3D model instead of a flat photo. Now you can tell depth and see structures/fea... | Technology |
How do we determine room occupancy limits for a business, and are they accurate? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually room numbers are determined by zoning and the fire commission. They weigh factors like available draw of power to determine how many electronics can be safely used and available space. Also keeping exits clear and maintaining 36 inches of pathway between desks. At least that was the OSHA std 5 years ago. I doub... | Economics |
What makes a ‘salad’ a salad? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most salads are a mixture of bite-sized foods (you shouldn't really need a knife to eat it) served cold and with a dressing. The line between "dressing" and "sauce" is a little blurry, but the idea of a dressing is to coat each element of the salad, rather than being used for dipping or spreading on top. Unless otherwi... | Other |
How did scientist find out about the planets in our solar system? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most of the planets in our solar system were actually discovered hundreds of years ago because they can be seen with the naked eye. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn can all be seen just by looking up at the stars and seeing which ones move. Our word planet actually comes from greek, meaning wanderer, because pl... | Physics |
If charcoal is burned wood, how does it burn again in the BBQ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Charcoal is not simply burned wood, that would be ash. Charcoal is produced by heating wood without burning it, by taking away all the oxygen. This basically removes all the water and other elements from the wood, leaving only the carbon, which is the part of the wood that reacts with oxygen to produce the flame. | Chemistry |
Why do single taxpayers in the US have to pay more federal taxes than married taxpayers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The total income of the couple is treated approximately as if it was split between the two members of the married couple rather than by one person, which results in a lower tax burden. It would still be slightly better if it was actually split between the two people, so if both members of a married couple make the same... | Economics |
Why are pills 💊 multi colored? Why not just have the entire pill be like one color? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pills/capsules have to be different from other prescriptions so they can be identified if separated from packaging, even if it just means having a slightly different imprint on otherwise identical pills, the multi coloring is just one way different prescriptions can vary. Not a good explanation but I hope it helps | Chemistry |
How does radiation work in killing you? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A "radioactive" material emits a few types of radiation. 1) Alpha radiation - Very weak, doesn't penetrate skin or clothes. However, if you ingest it, it has a clear shot to your cells. 2) Beta radiation - Stronger, can penetrate further into the body. 3) Gamma radiation - basically the same as X-rays. Strongest of the... | Biology |
Why do the inside of your ears get sweaty and itchy if you have earbuds in after a while? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your ears, nose, and throat are all connected. Earbuds plug your ears, so your normally open ear canal is now closed. It then gets warm in there like a room on a summer day, causing the skin inside your ear to sweat in an attempt to cool down. Not sure why it gets itchy. Hope this helps. | Biology |
What are shepherd tones ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Shepard tone: sound loop made by a series of multiple sine waves rising one after another, eventually one of them reaches a point where it drops an octave, leaving the others to continue rising, they then follow the same pattern (drop an octave, rise again), creating the illusion of a never ending pitch increase. Prett... | Other |
Did people during The Medieval Ages know about ancient Greeks,Romans? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, "sure" is a matter of degree. Scholars can read ancient languages, in fact there are [textbooks for Egyptian hieroglyphics]( URL_0 ). We can read events, and then try to match those events to celestial events like comets for which the exact timing can be calculated through physics. History is a rich and complex f... | Other |
Why do we call 3D functions "vector functions" and call its output "a set of vectors"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not really. However you think about it, you've got a function of 3 variables that returns a 3-variable output: [u,v,w] = F(x,y,z) In some applications (for example, mapping), interpreting the output as a set of new points in space is appropriate. But for many applications, it's not. For instance, [u,v,w] could be the c... | Mathematics |
What is the line between the first amendment and hate crimes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The actually acting on it part. If you are wondering about the line between freedom of speech and hate speech then that is a little harder. Freedom of speech mostly just covers the governments inability to arrest you for opinions. You can be arrested for speech/media that includes inciting violence, defamation, perjury... | Other |
why do blow dryers consume so much power? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We generally don't realize how much energy it takes to generate heat. Our electronics are so efficient that they use far less energy than is created by, say, a large candle. My entire gaming computer only produces maybe 200 watts, or 6 tea candles' worth of heat. That's really not a lot. A blowdryer, meanwhile, is more... | Technology |
Which of the two types of weapons, chemical and biological, is more lethal and effective in the long run? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Biological weapons are more lethal over time because they (hypothetically) self-replicate. Chemical weapons degrade over time, but their biological counterparts can inoculate new victims and remain in dormant forms in the soil long enough for unprotected fools to catch it again. Fundamentaly both chemical and biologica... | Chemistry |
How exactly do you get code onto other pieces of tech? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You generally need to cross compile code for the target machine if using a language like C/C++. A cross compiler creates executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running. (Using a language like Java, you would not need to do this as long as the target you are running the code on has a ... | Technology |
Why is radiation harmful to us? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Radiation takes three main forms. Alpha, beta, and light (uv up to gamma). These are helium nucleus, electrons, and photons respectively. Effectively a radio active isotope or fusion reaction will emit these and then as they fly through space they can kick electrons off molecules or even make whole atoms unstable. If t... | Biology |
How are we still able to communicate with Voyager 1 and 2 so far away? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > How do V 1-2 find the exact location to send the signal to in this vast universe? A dumb down explanation. Think of a flashlight and how it illuminates larger areas with distance. So further away you are, more area that light covers. At this point V 1 & 2 are so far out they don't need to know earth's exact location,... | Technology |
why do some cheeses melt, while others don't? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | ABoss has the correct answer for processed cheeses. For the rest of the "real" cheeses, I think it largely depends on the fat content of the cheese, which liquefies under heat. It's pretty easy to apply too much heat though, which typically causes these fats to break the emulsion and separate from the rest of the chees... | Chemistry |
How Does E. Coli Become a Widespread Problem Through Romaine Lettuce? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Lettuce isn't becoming infected with E. coli, they are not disease carriers in that sense. Instead the fields were likely contaminated by material which carry the bacteria, such as runoff from cattle farms or contaminated irrigation water. The bacteria then sits on the surface of the lettuce and can make people sick wh... | Biology |
With gold prices relatively much higher now than in the past compared to the cost of living, why are there very few individual gold panning/mining operations in e.g. California like the gold rush in the past? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because humans have been extracting gold from the crust of the Earth for a very long time. That doesn't mean it is all gone, but it does mean that what is left is the stuff that was hardest to get to. Since it is harder to get to, on average it costs a good deal more per ounce to mine it. So unless a site is particular... | Economics |
Where does the electricity come from with a hand cranked flashlight? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Electricity comes from a coil of wire. Turning the crank spins a magnet and the spinning magnetic field induces an electrical current in the wire, which flows into a battery/capacitor/lamp, depending on the design. The photons† are generated when atoms transition back to their resting state from an excited state. They ... | Physics |
Why do businesses have promotions that are FREE and you only pay for shipping? What do they gain from this? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1) Free samples to attract future business. You ask for SuperSoaper2000 and maybe you'll buy it in the future. Same thing as giving out food samples in the grocery stores. 2) It's "Shipping and handling" not shipping. And handling is whatever they say it is, which often includes the regular cost of the product. But you... | Economics |
Why does it take half a year to decode an airplane's black box? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine someone’s car crashed and you want to understand what happened. You have a recording of the crash, but it’s not a video - it’s a recording of the exact speed each wheel was doing, what the brake pressure was, what the position of the accelerator was, the engine temperature, the air con setting, and so on. You’d... | Technology |
how do all fixed costs become variable costs in the long run? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fixed costs are only set at a specific cost for the contract period. When the time comes to reevaluate the contract, there could potentially have been changes in cost of operation that would require a change in cost for the next contract. Rent would be a fixed cost. You and your landlord have contractually agreed to a ... | Economics |
what does resetting a router actually do and why is that the most common internet fix? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your in-home router usually does a few separate jobs. First, it literally routes data: from one computer to another in your local network, and between your local network and your ISP's network (and on to the internet). Second, it provides local network devices with their local IP addresses. Third, it acts as a Domain N... | Technology |
Why does some scientists/countries still want to go on the moon ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The moon is the closest large object to earth in space, so going to the moon allows us to develop and test a lot of technology related to landing on and moving around on solid, non-earth objects. Mars would be better to colonize for several reasons (atmosphere, temperature, soil, similar hours in a day, etc.), but we d... | Physics |
How does the newer generation of captcha determine I'm not a robot? (The one where all you must do is click) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It tracks mouse movement. If it was a bot it would immediately click the checkbox after it was loaded. You as a human have to move your mouse cursor to the checkbox and this movement is not in a straight line. So basically they just check mouse movement and time between checkbox being rendered and when it is clicked. T... | Technology |
Why does the brain not like change? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You might like the book "Thinking, Fast and Slow". We are geared for survival. Survival is basically broken down into two aspects: "Don't get killed" and "Don't waste energy" Being alert and aware of your surroundings is energy intensive. If you are in a familiar place, you can let your guard down. This conserves energ... | Other |
Law in UK, how does it work? (According to wikipedia, it does not have single constitution, what does it mean?) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s based on precedent - something similar happened before, and this was the outcome *then*, so that should be the outcome *now*. Obviously, it’s a bit more complex than that, and laws get passed by Governments to introduce new laws to update previous versions, but there’s a lot of legal precedents involved. | Other |
How do field drug tests return so many false positives? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Field drug tests are designed to be very cheap, and very easy for an amateur to use. Therefore they are not very *specific* -- that is, they just test whether the mystery substance reacts with one or two chemicals in a specific way. This makes it very likely that some *other* substance would also react in the same way.... | Chemistry |
Prior to playing, musicians tune their instruments to a specific note or small set of notes. Why do orchestras tune to A while bands tune to B♭? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Strings tune to A because every string instrument has an open A (they can play A without putting fingers down to change pitch) as one of their strings; by tuning that note, which is given from the oboe, the winds and strings are unified. Bands tune to a Bb because brass instruments are made so that Bb is the fundamenta... | Other |
how are the people that run churches/religions living such luxurious lifestyles? Literally living in palaces. Apart from collection plates, where is the money coming from? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I've been a pastor for 16 years. I have an undergrad degree in social work and purposefully worked in an area that served poorer communities for 8 of those years where I made less than $25k per year plus a small parsonage. The vast majority of people who work as ministers don't make much money at all and many denominat... | Economics |
Why is true randomness near impossible? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | True randomness is not impossible... It’s impossible for a modern computer built on certain principles and logic. How you you create a random number? Even as a mental exercise, if you were to write down a set of rules to come up with a random number on paper, how would you do it? You’re not allowed to say think of a ra... | Mathematics |
why do Orchard Growers periodically chop all their trees down? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fruit-bearing trees are at peak production and health for about 10 years after they start fruiting. After that, the tree is much more susceptible to disease and pests. Orchards are planted in rotation so there are always productive trees when others need to be culled. The lumber of aged trees is valuable as well, but i... | Biology |
Why does 'quick sand' make you sink and where does the sand go? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Quick sand is sand/soil that is saturated with lots of water, making it impossible to support your weight. If you step in it, you will sink into it slowly, and because of its combination of low density and viscosity it can be hard to get back out because you will have a tendency to push against that same unreliable soi... | Chemistry |
What is protein folding and how does it work? I have tried to understand and can get the concept. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Proteins are made of smaller molecules called amino acids that your cells bolt together in a long chain. The proteins don’t stay in a long noodle-like chain though. Each amino acid has a different structure and this gives it a unique electromagnetic effect on the other amino acids around it. Under the combined effects ... | Chemistry |
why are we so certain that water and oxygen are required for alien life? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > We're assuming that alien life requires the same things we do We aren't. There might well be alien life that doesn't require any of that. It might be strange and completely unrecognizable. And there is the problem; if the alien life is unrecognizable then what do we look for? We only have the one example of life to w... | Biology |
I remember gifs being horribly low quality just a few years ago, but now we have super high quality ones. Image quality didn't really get better, so what happened? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most sites started switching to HTML5 video elements instead of using conventional GIFs. GIF is an ancient standard in computing. It was first introduced in 1987 and the most recent update to the standard was in 1989 (28 years ago). A key advantage of the GIF standard is that it is widely compatible and supported acros... | Technology |
bouyancy, and how far does something sink? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > When you see a floating object, is the bouyant force counteracting the entire weight of the ship? **In that the weight of the water displaced by the part under water, is equal to the entire weight of the ship - so that the buoyant force is able to keep it afloat?** Therefore, that dictates how much needs to be submer... | Physics |
Why does water-resistance change with time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because the waterproof ability you are speaking of is dependent on the RATE of water entering the device. If it were a matter of testing which one got water in it first, you would be right because technically a hole is a hole. Two devices, one with a big leak and one with a tiny leak would both immediately have some wa... | Technology |
why are most people natively scared of tiny rodents and insects like cockroaches, rats, mice etc, even though they are order of magnitudes smaller than ourselves? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We are afraid of these creatures because they can kill us. It’s really as simple as that. Rats eat human babies. They also eat human adults if you’re too insensate to wake up when they bite you. If you look through hospital records, “rat bite” is one of the most common cause of lost fingers and toes among the homeless ... | Earth Science |
what is group theory and why is it useful? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Everyone knows a bowl of soup when they see it. It can be clam chowder or borscht or French onion soup. All of these soups have their own unique traits, but at the heart, they share common features that let us recognize it as a bowl of soup. Everyone know a mathematical operation when they see it. I can be addition or ... | Mathematics |
Why are polar bears and grizzly bears considered different species if they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's very difficult to group living, evolving organisms into discrete categories. Polar bears diverged from the rest of the *Ursus* genus very recently, therefore they are still genetically similar enough to other bears to produce fertile offspring. Taxonomy is also based on physical appearance. Since polar bears are q... | Biology |
Why do you need several film/TV streaming services to get full coverage, when music streaming has several competing platforms that basically offer everything? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A few reasons. For music, the toothpaste is already metaphorically out of the tube. Services like Kazaa, Napster and LimeWire popularized file sharing, and most files shared were music files. Sharing films or even TV shows was more difficult because the file sizes are much bigger, and internet speeds in the early 2000s... | Economics |
Why are the Nordic Countries so well off? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > They aren't big in tourism, agriculture or have many exports at all really. Huh? Denmark has exports worth $14511 per capita, Sweden has $14429 per capita, and Norway has $19980 per capita. The US meanwhile has exports worth $3853 per capita, the UK is at $5968 per capita, Germany at $16197 per capita, and France at ... | Other |
Unpopped popcorn is listed as 590 mg sodium, popped has 450 mg. How does it reduce? Where does it go? Carbohydrates and fat goes down too, but not as much. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Is that on a bag of microwave popcorn with some kind of flavor? I'd guess the expected result is that some of the flavoring is expected to remain in the bag after popping or stuck to the hull that doesn't wind up getting eaten. Or perhaps that is accounting for the kernels that don't pop this not getting eaten and not ... | Chemistry |
how are cancer and tumors related? Does one cause another? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Tumors are cells that are ignoring only some of the rules the body sets for them. Cancer cells have gone completely renegade. Specifically, the body sets clear rules for which cells are allowed to divide (and thus grow their tissue) and when. That's how you grow and maintain your organs and other bodily tissues. If cel... | Biology |
How can computer security people determine whether election software has been tampered with or not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | At its most simple, you can compare what are called Hashes. A Hash is essentially a giant number or hexcode that is the result of running a block of information, in this case computer code, through a specialized mathematical equation. Based on whats there, it spits out the hash. If you then take that block of informati... | Technology |
Why do judges sentence criminals to more than life terms? - Ex: 2 life terms plus 65 years. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A couple of reasons. It's important that you be punished for each crime in certain situations. Such as you killed 300 people, to honor the dead we need to give you 20 years per person. Second, sentences can get reduced due to various factors. So if we knock your sentence down from 20 years per victim to only 5 years pe... | Other |
Why does price of agricultural (like fruits) changes all the time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Let's say you have twenty apples, and ten people want one apple each. You can only sell ten apples. So you make it cheaper, so people might be tempted to buy two apples each. Lets say there was a lot of cold and rain this year, and your apple trees only produced 5 apples. You only have five apples to sell, so you can p... | Economics |
How do your bones know when to stop growing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | ELI5: it's programmed into your DNA A little more in depth: Your DNA tells your bones what basic shape they should be in, as well as the rough size they should be. Human growth hormone(HGH) is a hormone released by your brain from the pituitary gland, and is basically the "switch" that turns growth on/off. HGH is produ... | Biology |
if multiplying by Zero returns Zero, why does division by Zero return 'undefined'? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Let's use a 1-pound chocolate bar. Multiplication: if you have a 4 count of 1-pound chocolate bars, you have 4 pounds of chocolate. If you have no 1-pound chocolate bars, you have 0 pounds of chocolate. Makes perfect sense. Division: If you cut the chocolate bar into 4 equal parts, each part is 4 ounces (1/4 of a pound... | Mathematics |
Is there anything that says you can't cheat in a US election? If cheating was proven true, would it have any effect on the results? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is illegal to vote multiple times. Illegal to vote under someone else's name. Illegal to vote in a jurisdiction you do not live in. Illegal to stuff the ballot with false votes. Illegal to take away votes from a competitor. And many other laws regarding voting. So yes there are lots of laws that say you cannot cheat... | Other |
How do professionals know when it's the right time to release a patient from a mental institution? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They don't. Generally, for most people, they decide they are sane when their insurance money runs out. When a court commits someone for insanity they are generally never let out, or let out after many decades when they are no longer any possible threat. These days, for the most part, mental 'institutions' are money mak... | Biology |
from earth, we can see stars. From the ISS live stream, we cannot see the stars. How come? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most of the time it is daytime on ISS. Even though the sky is not bright blue like on Earth but rather black the ISS itself and the Earth in the background is still lit up making it even brighter then even the brightest day on the surface. This means that all the cameras and indeed the crews vision is adjusted to dayti... | Earth Science |
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