question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How do built-in random functions work in programming languages? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Any random function in a programming language is only pseudo random as you say. You give it a 'seed' and it manipulates the seed to give you a number that is pretty random for most purposes other than cryptography. But it will eventually start repeating and the number produced is deterministic (i.e., given the seed and... | Mathematics |
Why does metal change different colors when it's heated and allowed to cool? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | if you are talking about heating metal up to like 1500 C or more, it turns metal > brownish > reddish > white and back the same way because of something known as blackbody radiation. basically everything, coloured or not, transparent or not, will go through the same colour changes as it is heated, and begin to give off... | Chemistry |
How does Planet Earth get all these insane angles and right next to animals without disturbing their natural choices? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I make wildlife documentaries. This is an answer that I cut and pasted from a previous thread. I can't really say too much about long lens stuff cos I specialise on invertebrates. But for them what you do is use a mixture of sets and wild shot footage. You have certain things that you can't film in a studio and other t... | Technology |
why do those dark rings under your eyes form? even with proper sleep, diet and exercise? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Has to do with blood pooling in the skin underneath your eyes. Could be genetic, staring at screens also can cause it, plus it just happens naturally with age and sun exposure. Even slight differences in sleep patterns can trigger it. It’s not really an indicator of anything, and most people have them, it’s just a weir... | Biology |
What causes the feeling of "heaviness" in your eyes when you're sad or depressed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your eyelids and eyebrows are muscles just like others, and they're pretty damn active just about all the time you're awake, so they experience fatigue when you're tired, even if it's low emotional energy or depression fatiguing you. Sickness, allergies, and even sun damage can swell your eyelids which can give you tha... | Biology |
How can there be different sizes of infinity sets if all of the sets are endless? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you wrote down every whole number starting from 1 and went on forever. That's an infinity. Now imagine you wrote down every whole *Even* number, starting at 2, then 4, then 6, etc. You can see that for every number in your second list, you can match it with a number in your first list just by dividing it by two... | Mathematics |
Why are ice cubes sticky? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you touch an ice cube there is either moisture in your hand or the heat of your hands melts a little bit of the surface of the ice. Over time (can be very short depending on how cold the ice cubes are) more heat transfers and that bit of moisture gets cold enough to freeze. Now your fingers are very loosely frozen... | Chemistry |
How do they isolate oxygen to fill tanks with? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most of the time is is done by cooling down air and when you reach the temperature oxygen become a liquid you can extract it. Air is mostly Nitrogen. oxygen, water, argon and carbon dioxide . The water and carbon dioxide will become a liquid(solid before oxygen and the other will become a liquid after It is a bit how y... | Chemistry |
What exactly is happening when you get sleep paralysis, and what causes it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Iirc basically the reason most people dont sleep walk and act out all their dreams physically is because our body releases a chemical throughout your body that effectively paralyzes you until you start to wake up. Sleep paralysis is when the chemical doesnt go away when you wake up for a long while. So you just sit the... | Biology |
If every cell in the human body is replaced in a 7 year period, how are memories retained longer than that? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Neurons are not really replaced. They stay with you until they die and do not get replaced for the most part, that's why cognitive abilities are reduced with age. Edit : That's also why neurodegenerative diseases are fatal and stroke can be devastating. Overall the scientific litterature indicates that new neurons do s... | Biology |
If someone wins a major academic prize for math for solving an equation that was thought to be impossible, how do we know they did it right? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They write down their step by step "proof" which includes every equation that they used to arrive at their answer. Other mathematicians then follow along their step by step guide and see if they reach the same answer and to verify that they did not make any math errors along the way. | Mathematics |
I just saw the results of a survey on the news. They had an error margin of "3.3 percentage points, 19 times out of 20." What's the error margin the remaining 1 time out of 20? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The other one time out of twenty, the margin of error is more than 3.3 percentage points. Let's say the result of the survey was 50% yes. This means that half of the respondents said yes to the survey. Now what does that say about all the people who didn't answer the survey? If only two people were asked, it doesn't sa... | Mathematics |
Why are horses still so sound-sensitive, even though they were used in wars years ago? How could they have been used in wars? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They were trained. Horses aren't natural soldiers any more than people are. They had to be exposed gradually to the sights and sounds of battle, and taught what to do. There's a video on YouTube of a guy who demonstrates this; I'll see if I can find it. Here's one and I think he has a few more. URL_0 | Biology |
What are magnets made of? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Magnetism is created by the movement of electricity, typically electrons. Electrons spin, and orbit the nucleus of an atom (so they move), and they ARE electricity, so each electron is a tiny magnet. Most atoms have enough electrons spinning in opposition that the magnetic effects cancel out. Some atoms (iron, cobalt, ... | Chemistry |
Why and how, given that there's no nerves in our brain, do some headaches feel like they are located inside our head rather than on the surface? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So, pain receptors are not what feel pain. Your pain receptors are activated by stimulus, and they send a message up to your brain. Your brain analyses this message, and *it* is what decides that you are indeed feeling pain. You feel pain with your brain, not your pain receptors. But without pain receptors to feed info... | Biology |
What's the current going theory for how life started? Was it an amino acid soup until one chain just happened to self-replicate? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is no generally agreed upon theory. But one of the more prevalent ones currently is the [RNA world hypothesis]( URL_0 ). Today we have DNA with the main role of storing genetic information, and proteins as the main functional unit that performs the majority of biological processes and cellular functions. RNA can ... | Biology |
Why does the wind seem to drop in the evening after a windy day? Its never as windy when it gets dark | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Wind is caused by the difference in air pressure in different places. Warm air is less dense than cold air, so it wants to rise up and cold air wants to fall down. Cold air will push warm air out of the way, typically upwards where the warm air will be pushed away, cool down, and fall down elsewhere to continue the cyc... | Other |
Whats the difference between a countries gdp and ppp? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | GDP is usually expressed in two ways - in absolute currency amount (let’s say USD) and converted to account for different purchasing power or PPP (purchasing power parity). The latter one is useful for comparing the effect of GDP on lives of people between two countries. For example, let’s say we have two countries, A ... | Economics |
Why are anal muscles involved whenever one sneezes ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hahahaha there's no delicate way to put this. It's to prevent you from forcefully shitting yourself. Humans evolved over time with certain traits that are suited for social groups. Groups that just pooped where they ate and lived died off. Somewhere along the line we developed a trait to clench up when we sneeze, that ... | Biology |
What causes gum to lose flavor and why do some guns lose flavor quicker than others? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are lots of things that disolve out of gum quickly: sugar, certain flavorings, etc. Jucy fruit, for example, is sugar sweetened and it's primary flavorant is water soluble, so the flavor disappears down your throat. On the other hand, mint gums are flavored with menthol, methyl salicylate, spearmint oil, or somet... | Other |
What keeps blood "alive" after we donate it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A part of you body that's separated from you like blood, or a severed limb, doesn't simply die instantly. All the cells that don't suffer some kind of direct damage simply keep on doing their jobs like normal until they run out of sugars, oxygen, or simply die off through their normal processes. If the cells are no lon... | Biology |
How do movie profits work? What constitutes a film that has "broken-even"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't know *all* the finer details behind this, but the general "Hollywood Math" is that movies need to earn double their production budget to break even. One reason is that the studios don't get 100% of the profits from ticket sales, so even if those profits are about equal to the production budget the amount the st... | Economics |
What makes a solar flare so dangerous? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A solar flare itself is not dangerous. Solar flares often (but not always) cause coronal mass ejections, which are huge clouds of charged particles that can be launched towards earth. Two things happen when that cloud gets to earth. 1) The particles hit satellites directly. This can corrupt or even destroy processors a... | Physics |
Why did we go from BC to AD? Were the people back then aware of the change or was it something we labeled later on? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The numbering system we use today was put into use in the year 525 AD by the Christian church. All the years before that were made part of the AD/BC system retroactively. No one in the year 200 AD said "hey, it's the year 200 AD." They numbered their years through other means, like the reign of the current Roman empero... | Other |
Calculating radiation received at distance from light source? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's simple, it's like spreading butter. The radiation from the bulb is 10W, and will be spread over the surface of the room. A room of 2m radius will have 4 times the surface of a room of 1m radius (surface grows quadratically). Therefore, the power received is scaled by 1/distance^2 . Notice the unit is W/m^2 . So no... | Mathematics |
Why is 2% inflation better for the economy than 0% inflation? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Inflation incentivizes people to do something with their money order to grow it so they outpace inflation. So you have a lot more people investing than you would have otherwise. Those investments help grow businesses and create jobs. It also encourages spending so those new businesses that were created thanks to those ... | Economics |
Why didn't Gilbert Luis, who was nominated for Nobel Prize 35 times win? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's somewhat controversial and no one knows for sure, but one of the members of the committee was a buddy of one of his enemies and it's believed that he blocked him from ever winning to help his friend get back at him. It's all just speculation, although there's apparently some evidence pointing that way. | Biology |
When an ex drug addict talks slowly and slurs their words even after been sober for years, what parts of the brain have been damaged and how are they damaged? Is it reversible? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Generally, the left hemisphere (side) of the brain is involved with processing speech and language. Parts of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes are activated when you formulate / choose what you want to say, and the motor cortex (part of the frontal lobe) -- particularly Broca's area -- lights up (meaning that i... | Biology |
How did we discover how old the universe is if we weren’t around to see it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We've observed that the universe is expanding, and this expansion is accelerating. We know this because of the Doppler effect. Basically, when something moves quickly away from you, the wavelength of their light gets stretched, giving off a red-ish appearence. We can use this red shift to figure out roughly how fast th... | Physics |
When popcorn is popping, why do only some of the kernels pop? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Popcorn has water in it that gets heated expands and breaks the kernel casing making popcorn. Now just like any produce you get are slightly different from the rest. The casing may be thicker, less water in the kernel, or whatever. Thsi can effect cooking times. Also not all kernels get the same amount of heat | Chemistry |
Why does steam exist below the boiling point of water? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't see the correct answer here yet, so here goes: what most people call steam is not steam at all, but water vapor. Steam is actually invisible. If you can see it, it is not steam. What most people call steam is actually water that has cooled back down to the point where it is not steam any more, but tiny droplets... | Chemistry |
If I have $100k in available credit from credit card companies and/or banks and find out I'm about to die, what stops me from blowing the $100k before I'm dying and how would they recover their losses? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > If I have $100k in available credit from credit card companies and/or banks and find out I'm about to die, what stops me from blowing the $100k before I'm dying Nothing stops you from using your credit. That's what the credit is there for. For you to use. Now, if you use it in a suspicious manner it might get flagged... | Economics |
Why does ADHD medication have the opposite effect on people who don’t have ADHD? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is really cool one and none of the answers so far seem to cover it. youre talking about paradoxical effect of stimulants. But it's not really paradoxical. "Focus" is a thing part of our brain does. It's a function that a particular region is responsible for. One way you can think of the brain is as a team made up ... | Biology |
what are electromagnetic waves made of? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They're not "made" of anything in the physical sense. They're simply a representation of periodic energy fluctuations. Electromagnetic waves consist of both electric and magnetic field waves. These waves oscillate in perpendicular planes with respect to each other, and are in phase. The creation of all electromagnetic ... | Physics |
If our skin regenerates and being replaced constantly, why do beauty marks not disappear? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The answer depends on what you think of as a "beauty mark". [For the purpose of this response I'm going to call any skin mark, ie. freckle, wart, mole, scab, etc., a "blemish".] A very simple, broad answer is that the cells that make up most of these types of blemishes aren't just sitting on the surface. A little more ... | Biology |
When we started to understand that the giant bones we found in the ground were from Dinosaurs ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It really wasn't until the late 1700s/1800s before scientists began realizing the earth was really old. People had probably been finding fossils since ancient times (legends of giants and dragons etc) but didn't realize what they were until the rise of comparative anatomy and knowledge of geographic processes. They rea... | Biology |
How is titanium so light, while remaining so strong? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When we talk about strength, what we mean is that the material is very hard to deform. For a metal, that means that the atoms are very rigid and unlikely to move. This can be achieved by several methods. Firstly, Titanium alpha alloy has a hexagonal crystal structure compared to iron’s cubic shape. Imagine a beehive st... | Chemistry |
– > Where did the Big Bang get its matter from? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | No one really knows. As far as we know, matter _and_ energy were created during the Big Bang - it didn't come "from" anywhere, it came into existence at that moment. Moreover, existence _itself_ was created - there was no "from" that could have provided anything, because "from" didn't exist prior the Big Bang. | Physics |
In simple terms, what is fracking exactly and why is it controversial? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Conventional oil deposits consist of oil that exists as an underground pool that's under pressure. To get it out of the ground all you need to do is to drill down into it. Because the pool is under pressure, the oil will naturally flow up to the surface. Once you've extracted enough oil there won't be enough pressure f... | Technology |
How is a leech or tick able to get lots of blood from anywhere, but a nurse with a needle has to hit a vein? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The nurse with the needle is trying to get a lot of blood. Poke your finger with a small needle and a drop of blood will come out. A drop is quite a lot for a small animal. (also, the saliva of these animals has anti-clotting agents preventing the wound from closing, keeping the blood flowing) | Biology |
Why does a CPU need so many transistors? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A couple of things. But generally modern processors do things in a much more complex way to boost performance. Some features they have that old CPUs didn't have are. 1. Branch prediction, they guess at what the next instruction is, and start work on it before it happens. 2. Due to branch prediction, when they are wrong... | Technology |
Do steroids actually enlarge the head? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Moon face is the result of fat distribution to the face--the head is not actually getting bigger. It's a common side effect of Prednisone, an immunosuppressive corticosteroid, but can also result from prolonged anabolic steroid use. The specific mechanism that causes this is not known, but longer use generally correspo... | Biology |
What’s actually happening when an organ is failing/“shutting down”? Is it lack of blood flow and tissue death, or does it just stop functioning in some way? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Correct, it's both of those things. Organs are just composites of tissues with a similar structure and/or function. They work in concert to accomplish some purpose needed by the body. When those tissues are dead or damaged, the organ looses the ability to perform that function effectively. If your heart fails, it means... | Biology |
What does it mean to purge voters. As a Canadian I don’t really understand the American election process but it seems odd to me to let politicians deny people the right to vote, are these people eligible to vote elsewhere or do they just not count anymore? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I work in my Texas County's Elections dept. Purging of the voter roll is intended to clear out registration accounts for people who have passed/moved away or otherwise become ineligible to vote while still legally residing in the County (felony conviction, usually). This process is routine by every elections department... | Other |
What determines if a metal produces an oxide layer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Firstly how reactive it is to oxygen. A metal like gold is practically inert and so won’t readily oxidise in air. Where as something like sodium or aluminium will oxidise very quickly. Secondly the physical properties of the oxide. Aluminium oxide isn’t water soluble and is fairly hard so sticks to the metal very well,... | Chemistry |
Can all substances be in all 3 states of matter? If you heat up metal, it will melt, but is there a point where you heat it enough that it will become a gas? Same goes for every substance on earth | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The answer is almost entirely "yes". Strictly speaking, heating and cooling alone won't do it - you may also have to change the pressure of the substance. Carbon dioxide, for example, goes straight from solid to gas at normal Earth pressures but does have a liquid state at higher pressures. (Water would show the same b... | Chemistry |
How can the lone star tick make us allergic to meat when there is such a vast variety of animal foods? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's called an alpha-gal allergy (Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose allergy). It's a carbohydrate that's found in almost 100% of all mammals. The carbohydrate is used in the creation of cell membranes. All mammal meat contains cells, all of these cells have cell membranes, so you can't avoid it. It's so fundamental it's a ... | Biology |
Why would a well-stablished service/company still need rounds of huge fundings? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Just because you’re well established, and going forward doesn’t mean you’re actually making money, even if you are, you may not be making enough to continue to grow, expand, and adapt. In fact most established companies need more funding, however this is generally achieved through loans rather than selling equity (owne... | Economics |
What is the difference between Congress, the Senate, the house of Representatives and parliment? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Congress is the full legislative body in a country that separates the legislative and executive functions of government as the US does. The US Congress is bicameral meaning it has two parts, the upper body is the Senate and it has 2 members for every State, current number 100. The House of Representatives is the lower ... | Other |
Why and how exactly does lightning produce thunder? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Lightning is a very large electric current. When electricity runs through something, energy is absorbed in proportion to the resistance of the thing the electricity is running through. Air has pretty high resistance, and absorbs a lot of energy. When you add energy to air it gets hot and expands. At some point it's exp... | Physics |
How important is the moon to life as we know it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If the moon ceased to exist, it would have two major impacts (along with many more, I'm sure). * Tides would follow the sun instead of the moon, leading to significant differences in size/timing/etc. Many species have evolved to be dependent on tides and would either have to adapt or die out. Our efforts at harnessing ... | Biology |
How are grass seeds made? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Grass produces seed heads, you've probably seen those before. The seeds from those seed heads are harvested, dried and sold. If you put them into soil and water them, they sprout and grow into new grass. People who don't want those on their lawn make sure the conditions for the grass stays constant, it receives enough ... | Biology |
Why does McDonald's food i.e. a Cheesburger and fries, not grow mold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The no-mold experiments also take away all of the toppings. The toppings add too much moisture which would encourage microbial growth. The thin toasted bun and thin cooked meat are dry, high surface area, and salty. Together this makes it dry out before anything obvious can grow, and once dry no mold can survive on it ... | Other |
how are deafblind people taught to communicate? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm a nurse that works with DeafBlind individuals, hopefully I can explain this well! For most things, it's all about teaching the concept behind the idea. And using all other available senses. Also, repetition. For an apple, you can sign with AITSL (adapted interactive tactile sign language - hand over hand) the sign ... | Other |
Why despite the fact that Native American casino's generate billions most tribes and native people still live in poverty? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Why do Americans live in poverty when people like bezos are worth 109 billion. Because some people are greedy. There’s also not a big, successful casino for every nation. Most land forced on the nations was worthless. Shit for agriculture, shit for living. Some nations do give members money based on the casino, but as ... | Economics |
What is the P vs NP problem and why is it such an important problem in Computer science? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If I asked you to guess my 4 digit PIN, it could take you up to 10000 tries (10⁴) to get it right. If I told you my PIN and asked you to check if it is correct, it would take you just one try. Go to an ATM and use my PIN and if it is correct, you have all my money. Either way, you know if my PIN is right or wrong after... | Mathematics |
Why does water taste different at different temperatures? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Assuming that it's the same water and not from different sources which may contain different salts.. there are 2-3 major factors 1. The temperature itself. When water touches our taste buds, the temperature sets off slightly different responses to the brain. 2. The material. Chilled water may be stored in any container... | Chemistry |
Why does the tempo of a certain song seem so different depending on activity level when listening? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I make no claims to be an expert on this but I have seen articles where they tested the theory about "time flies when you're having fun"... Basically they say that the concept of time, especially inside our squishy brains is fluid and ever changing based on activity level, dopamine, etc. So I would go out on a limb and... | Biology |
What prevents fruits and vegetables from rotting before we cultivate them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because they’re a part of a healthy living plant. When a fruit or a vegetable is still attached to the plant, it’s still growing, getting nutrients, getting damage repaired, it’s still a living growing healthy thing. As soon as it falls off/is plucked, it stop getting replenished and cannot fight the rot as well. It’s ... | Biology |
Why is the English language so frickin confusing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It takes lots of bits and pieces from a lot of other languages that don’t necessarily in turn, share a root language. If you’ve seen the meme of English actually bring three languages standing on their shoulders in a trench coat, it sort of gets the idea across. As such, a lot of the grammatical rules that make things ... | Other |
Why do climate scientists predict a change of just 1.5 or 2° Celsius means disaster for the world? How can such a small temperature shift make such a big impact? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not just about the temperature getting a few degrees warmer. An effect of rising CO2 levels is that the global average temperature will get a few degrees warmer. That average temperature increase is a benchmark only, not the problem in and of itself. It's the other effects of the same root cause of increasing CO2 ... | Physics |
We know the body “burns” fat when losing weight, but how does it get rid of all the extra nerves, blood vessels, and skin cells it creates when gaining weight? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The cells that become "extra" will apoptose(die) and otherwise be breakdown. This process especially on the protein level (necessary in skin because of lots of collagen). Is not fast and due to severe epigenetic effects from the obesity may not return to normal easily. Cosmetic surgery is generally used to help this al... | Biology |
How do they get recordings of all the words for electronic reading voices? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, somebody literally reads a dictionary of words. But the dictionary is cut down to include only the ___ most common words and is tailored to the usage they expect you to need. For words that aren't in the main dictionary the voice actor records syllable sounds (phonetic dictionary) so that uncommon words can be rea... | Technology |
What does the integral of position with the respect of time mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you arrange a race where the contestants all chase someone. There is a decent chance that none of them catch the escapee, but you still want a way of determining a winner. You could choose whoever is closest at the finish but that favours an endurance runner. You could choose whoever got closest at any point in... | Mathematics |
How does the worlds wealth increase? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Wealth comes from making new stuff and providing new services. If I take an unused plot of land and grow food on, I am adding something of value to the world that did not exist before, something that I can trade for other things of value. Currency is not wealth. Currency is a place holder that makes it easier to trade ... | Economics |
How do models predict the path(s) of hurricanes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The modelers take a massive amount of data gleaned from weather stations, satellites, weather balloons, planes, ships, etc. These data points are plugged in to a large set of mathematical equations known as a forecast model. There are many different weather models, and different variations of each one. Different models... | Mathematics |
Why does a negative multiplied by a negative become a positive? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For positive a and positive b a + (-a) = 0 (I think you don’t need an explanation why this is true) a(-b) + (-a)(-b) = 0 (-b) (multiply both sides by a negative number -b) -ab + (-a)(-b) = 0 (assume that positive times negative is negative) For this to be true (-a)(-b) must equal ab so if a negative times a positive is... | Mathematics |
Why does the light from the sun start looking orange while it’s setting? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For the same reason that the sky is blue! It's a phenomenon called [Rayleigh scattering]( URL_1 ). Shorter wavelengths of light (i.e. blue light) get scattered more by the atmosphere than longer wavelengths. During the day, that causes some of the blue light from the sun to kind of bounce around the atmosphere, eventua... | Physics |
How does the underground ecosystem of a cemetery compare to that of a normal, untouched field of grass? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most modern graves place the coffin in a sealed vault, so there would be little impact to the environment, beyond having a bunch of concrete in the ground now. Even with vaults, bodies buried in a cemetery represent a tiny fraction of the ecosystem there and remain biologically active for a very short time. Having a re... | Biology |
How is it that putting on too strong prescription glasses messes up your eyes, yet binoculars are completely fine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They don't. Its a common myth that wearing glasses 'weaken' the eyes by making them lazy, and many optometrists used to under prescribe patients because of it. What does damage the eyes is not enough sun and focussing on one point too much. You should take regular breaks from working at a desk for example and look at s... | Physics |
What can someone do with your IP address? How does it work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The most common and easiest thing they can get is information about your physical location (city, state, ZIP code), which they can use in some cases to get even more information about you, especially if you're not careful about protecting yourself on social media websites. Besides that, they theoretically could access ... | Technology |
How does destructive interference work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine there is a big heavy box that you have to drag across the floor, so you call a buddy to help you out. If your friend is pushing from the same side as you, the mix of efforts results in a bigger push, but if he's on the other side pushing againts you, then the efforts cancel each other out. That's basically dest... | Mathematics |
Why are so many of the best paying jobs non wealth creating? Bankers, consultants, accountants, they just seem to shift wealth from place to place. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think there are really two questions here. First, is what these people do valuable? I once saw something saying that the only thing worse than having to use a lawyer is needing a lawyer and not having one. Having to go to court is bad enough. Having to go to court without the help of a lawyer? :s So many of these pro... | Economics |
What happens when one of 2 conjoined twins dies? Assuming they have lived a long life, not an early death. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Each case is rare and unique so there's no real protocol for this. Doctors will have attempted to separate them as soon as possible after birth if that was plausible, so there aren't many cases of adult conjoined twins who don't share vital organs. Twins that *do* share vital organs may have no choice except to die tog... | Biology |
How does laughing really hard and feeling extremely sad trigger tears when they’re two different emotions? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are actually different types of tears! Basically, your body always tries to stay balanced (homeostasis). When we have too much of an emotion to an extreme, we begin to cry. Those tears are different from each other in their chemical makeup. All the signals within our bodies are electrical or chemical (hormones). ... | Biology |
why do a lot of people hate communists? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Since this is an ELI5, let’s see if this does the trick: Once upon a time there were two rich boys, one of them liked to look after others, the other one liked to look after himself. Soon enough the boy that looked after all the others got pretty popular, although every time it became harder and harder to look after ev... | Other |
How can a country continue to run and function while in debt? How are countries able to progress and continue having an increasing GDP? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | How do people continue to function when they have student loans, car payments, and a house mortgage? In the government’s case, it’s in the form of bonds issues, called Treasury notes or treasury bills, with various maturity dates. As long as the debt payments are a manageable part of the budget, then there is no proble... | Economics |
How exactly does soap clean our skin? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Water is good at cleaning some things because those things interact with the water more favorably than they do your skin. When water washes over your skin that stuff binds to the water and leaves with it. However, there are other things that interact with your skin more favorably than water. these won't, for the most p... | Chemistry |
What determines if the pus in a pimple/cyst is liquid or more solid? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The other answer makes no sense. The real answer is that a cyst and pimple are different things. A pimple is a tiny collection of bacteria and pus due to a blocked gland that becomes infected because all the bacteria are trapped inside. The pus is a mixture of fluid from inflammation and dead white blood cells. This ca... | Biology |
How come turning wifi/data on and off again makes it work better? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Like pretty much anything computer related, resetting fixes an abundance of issues. By starting something over it is forced to run all it's code from the beginning, refreshing anything that might have gotten out of whack. I don't have a specific technical answer because it could be a whole number of things making your ... | Technology |
If the Voyager 1, the furthest man made object from earth, is roughly 18.8b km away, how do we know about cosmic webs, 100 billion lightyears away, and other extremely far structures of the universe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We... look. With telescopes. And mathematical calculations using the redshift of distant objects and the parallax of less distant objects as Earth orbits the Sun allow us to convert the 2D images produced by telescopes into 3D maps of the structure of the universe, lots of complexity to dive into there, but mostly we j... | Physics |
How do inch fractions work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imperial rulers actually are not divided into 20 fractions. If you look at [this diagram]( URL_0 ) you can see that it's divided into 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 intervals. But (as an american) the only time I actually hear anything other than 1/2 or 1/4 inch being referred to, it's an engineer or a machinst who has high p... | Mathematics |
what happens when our old nuclear weapons begin to get old? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | just to clarify: - nukes won't explode if they get old or something. Getting a nuclear bomb to blow up is a complicated and very precise process. Material deterioration won't cause this. - the issue you will face is that they slowly irradiate everything around them. So if the shielding were to slowly wither away over s... | Physics |
Why does it take longer to bake cookies in a space station? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In space, there is no gravity†. Gravity powers convection in your oven on Earth. The heating element makes the air near it hot. The air expands, becoming lighter. Gravity presses down on all the air in your oven, shifting the hot molecules away from the element to be replaced with colder molecules. The hot air molecule... | Physics |
Why are there fake profiles on social media? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They could be building the background of what appears to be a legitimate account by creating a history of activity. The account can later be used to promote a product/agenda/idea/etc. It could also be a company who offers users comments, likes, retweets, activity in exchange for money. They create a large number of the... | Technology |
What does it mean that New Jersey & Maine government has 'shut down'? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When a government "shuts down," they basically stop operating anything considered to be a non-essential service--things like parks, tourist bureaus, etc. In addition, a lot of paperwork-related things are curtailed if not shut down--so if you're waiting for a car registration or a licensure or some other thing, you may... | Other |
How are beakers and graduated cylinders not affected by chemical reactions? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They are, if the reaction does stuff with the material it's made of. For example, hydroflouric acid will eat apart anything it's in if it's made of glass Meanwhile, flouroantimonic acid will straight up eat through more or less anything that isn't teflon, since teflon is held together with the strongest bonds in organi... | Chemistry |
Kitchen tips claim you can mix baking soda and vinegar for cleaning, but don't you just get water and salt by mixing them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Salt is not necessary the same as table salt. When reacting an acid and a base the resulting compound that isn't water is a salt. HA + BOH - > H2O + AB This is true of any acid and base. Table salt is a type of salt called sodium chloride (NaCl). We just call this salt because its the salt we use most often. It is a pr... | Chemistry |
Why do lipids have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | well depends on the lipid. i assume your talking about phospholipids in the cell membrane. the hydrophobic region (on the inside) acts as a protective barrier between the inner and outer cell-so that everything within the extracellular fluid can't just seep right into the cell. In layman's terms the cell can "select" w... | Chemistry |
Why does water have no calories? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Calories are a way of measuring the metabolic energy which can be derived from the consumed food substance. Water, while necessary for life as a solvent, does not confer any metabolic energy and so has no calories. To make an analogy consider engine oil vs gasoline. If you have no lubrication for your engine it won't w... | Chemistry |
Where does the energy needed to break things by expanding ice come from? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The energy comes from the bonds that are trying to form in the ice. It's like having a [bunch of magnets]( URL_0 ) on the verge of connecting with each other pushing against the container holding the water. If the collective pull of these magnets is stronger than what the container can contain, the container gives. If ... | Physics |
- What makes peanut butter stick to the roof of your mouth, and throat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Peanutbutter is viscous. The viscosity of peanutbutter means that it will take longer to flow than other fluids. Aside from that, peanutbutter is not only viscous, but is able to squish between nooks and crannies in a surface, allowing it to act like a glue. It's a good adhesive. On top of that, peanutbutter is made mo... | Chemistry |
what exactly is the E-Sports Bubble, and what happens when an economy "bubble" bursts? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not every game needs to be an "eSport". Destiny 2 has learned this the hard way: they made significant changes to the functionality of the game's PvP mode between Destiny and Destiny 2 in an attempt to forge an eSports-friendly mode. The player base hated it, and they eventually reverting a number of the most jarring c... | Economics |
Why do headaches accompany nausea/vomiting/upset stomach, and vice versa? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | My daughter suffers from complex migraines, and her neurologist explained it like this. The network of nerves in your stomach are as complex as the ones in your head, and they suffer from the same instability during migraines. Chronic stomachaches can be caused by these nerves being unstable, or they can be impacted at... | Biology |
How do NASA scientists know that a spacecraft is completely air sealed before it goes into space? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The same way we test any other pressure sealed system, raging from big tankers to tanks, to the gas pipe systems. Every valve and opening is sealed, then we pressurise the system, if the pressure doesn't drop then it is sealed. Once they close the door to the spacecraft, they can pressurise it and check whether the pre... | Technology |
Why does burned / charred food give you cancer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's a couple reasons, but they come down to the fact that when food burns, it's a chemical reaction that produces new molecules that act differently than the food molecules they came from. Some of them make good tastes and smells, but some of them can harm your DNA. Some of the new molecules that get made when food... | Biology |
Why do cigarette butts smell stronger than actual burning cigarettes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The entire time you’re smoking a cigarette, you’re bringing the smoke from the burning tip through the cigarette to the filter. By the time a cigarette becomes a butt, a lot of smoke and tar is concentrated at that end and in the filter. That, combined with the remaining tobacco going stale, makes them smell worse | Other |
why do your pupils go big when you do drugs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Certain kinds of drugs either mimic adrenaline (and similar chemicals in your body) or cause the release of those chemicals. These tend to be things like amphetamines, meth, MDMA (the A stands for amphetamine which is part of the structure of that drug). Adrenaline is the chemical that causes the fight or flight respon... | Biology |
What makes one companies AA batteries better than another’s? Ex. Energizer vs Duracell | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I’m no expert, but my understanding is that there are several elements that go into a battery, like graphite and magnesium and zinc. The level of refining and purity of those elements affects the capacity of the battery. More refined elements mean more stored energy and a more predictable lifecycle, but comes at the co... | Technology |
Why, when slowly opening a plastic soda bottle, does a little air come out when you Crack it a little open, but then more comes out when you open more? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your whole high school is in the gym for an assembly. The presentation comes to an end and everyone needs to leave all at once. If you never open the doors, people will never leave. If you open one door, how long will it take for everyone to leave? If you open all the doors, how long will it take for everyone to leave?... | Other |
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